User's Guide ADI-6432(R) Multichannel Audio Digital Interface SyncAlign TM TM SyncCheck Intelligent Clock Control TM TM SteadyClock Hi-Precision 24 Bit / 192 kHz 64-Channel Bidirectional Format Converter MADI - AES/EBU Interface MIDI embedded in MADI RS232 embedded in MADI MIDI Remote Control
Important Safety Instructions ..................................4 General 1 2 3 4 Introduction ...............................................................6 Package Contents .....................................................6 Brief Description and Characteristics.....................6 First Usage - Quick Start 4.1 Controls and Connectors .......................................7 4.2 Quick Start .............................................................9 5 Accessories ..............................
Technical Reference 14 Technical Specifications 14.1 Inputs ................................................................... 30 14.2 Outputs ................................................................ 30 14.3 MIDI – RS232 ...................................................... 31 14.4 Digital ................................................................... 31 14.5 General ................................................................ 31 14.6 Firmware ............................................
Important Safety Instructions ATTENTION! Do not open chassis – risk of electric shock The unit has non-isolated live parts inside. No user serviceable parts inside. Refer service to qualified service personnel. Mains • The device must be earthed – never use it without proper grounding • Do not use defective power cords • Operation of the device is limited to the manual • Use same type of fuse only To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock do not expose this device to rain or moisture.
User's Guide ADI-6432 General User's Guide ADI-6432 © RME 5
1. Introduction With the ADI-6432 you have an incredibly versatile digital interface to your supply. From small project studios to broadcast and television, this Advanced Digital Interface is the perfect solution for many tasks. As a consequent continuation of RME's world-wide successful ADI series, the 6432 also contains elaborate technology and the latest integrated circuits.
4. First Usage – Quick Start 4.1 Controls and Connectors The front of the ADI-6432 features nine buttons with 31 LEDs, and an extensive Status Display including 97 more LEDs. MADI INPUT determines the current input for the MADI signal (optical/coaxial). The state of the input signal is shown in the STATE section (ERROR, 64-channel mode and 96k frame format) and also in the big LED display in detail. AES INPUT displays the basic state of the AES input signal: ERROR, Double Speed and Quad Speed.
The rear of the ADI-6432 provides the following connections: eight D-sub connectors (AES/EBU I/O), two MADI optical, two MADI coaxial (BNC), two word clock (BNC), two MIDI (5-pin DIN), one RS232 (D-Sub), and mains power. MADI I/O optical: Standard MADI ports. MADI I/O coaxial (BNC): Standard MADI ports. AES I/O (25 pin D-sub): Each of the eight D-sub connectors provides four AES/EBU inputs and outputs. The 25 pin D-sub connector is wired according to the widely spread Tascam standard (pinout see chapter 14.
4.2 Quick Start Configuration starts with choosing the MADI input, BNC or optical. The state of the input signal is displayed by a total of 38 LEDs. Shown are active input, automatic input selection, receiver state, Sync, 56 or 64 channel format, 48k frame or 96k frame, and audio data on a stereo basis. The Sync LED shows the synchronicity between input signal and external/internal clock, or between the active inputs. In the AES INPUT STATE section, each of the 32 inputs has its own SYNC LED.
5. Accessories RME offers several optional components for the ADI-6432: Digital Breakout Cables, one side 25-pin D-sub, the other side split to 4 x XLR male + 4 x XLR female. For addressing all 32 AES I/Os eight cables are required.
6. Warranty Each individual ADI-6432 undergoes comprehensive quality control and a complete test at IMM before shipping. The usage of high grade components should guarantee a long and trouble-free operation of the unit. If you suspect that your product is faulty, please contact your local retailer. Audio AG grants a limited manufacturer warranty of 6 months from the day of invoice showing the date of sale. The length of the warranty period is different per country.
CE / FCC Compliance CE This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits of the European Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to electromagnetic compatibility according to RL2004/108/EG, and European Low Voltage Directive RL2006/95/EG. FCC This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
User's Guide ADI-6432 Usage and Operation User's Guide ADI-6432 © RME 13
8. Front panel Controls 8.1 MADI INPUT The button INPUT sets the input to optical or coaxial. The section INPUT STATE helps to avoid errors caused by wrong, missing or not correctly connected inputs, and makes handling the digital MADI format much easier. A total of 38 LEDs display the state of the current input signal. The SYNC LED lights up as soon as a valid signal is present at the input. An un-synchronous input signal will be signalled by flashing of the SYNC LED.
8.4 CLOCK The source and frequency of the unit's clock is configured in the CLOCK SECTION. The buttons CLOCK let you step through the options external clock (AES, MADI, word) and internal clock (44.1 or 48 kHz). The button STATE sets internal, but also the external sample rate to double or quadruple of the basic sample rate. AES, MADI, WCK (Slave Mode) Defines the corresponding input as clock reference. A missing or invalid clock source signal is indicated by flashing of the corresponding LED.
9. Inputs 9.1 MADI Both MADI inputs are located on the rear of the ADI-6432. The BNC input's ground-free design is built according to AES10-1991. The input's impedance is 75 Ohm. It will operate without error from about 180 mVpp. The optical input uses a FDDI (ISO/IEC 9413-3) compatible optical module, according to AES10-1991. More information can be found in chapter 15.4, MADI Basics. The ADI-6432 includes automatic input selection.
Thanks to a highly sensitive input stage, SPDIF signals can also be processed by using a simple cable adapter phono/XLR. To achieve this, pins 2 and 3 of a male XLR plug are connected individually to the two pins of a phono plug. The cable shielding is only connected to pin 1 of the XLR - not to the phono plug. 10. Outputs 10.1 MADI At the rear side of the ADI-6432 there are two MADI outputs. The BNC output is built according to AES10-1991. The output's impedance is 75 Ohm.
Connecting devices with coaxial SPDIF ports to the ADI-6432 is accomplished by the above cable adapter XLR/phono, but using a female XLR plug. Note that many consumer HiFi equipment with phono SPDIF inputs will only accept signals with Channel Status ‘Consumer’. In such cases the above adapter cable will not work.
Thanks to a low impedance, but short circuit proof output, the ADI-6432 delivers 4 Vpp to 75 Ohms. For wrong termination with 2 x 75 Ohms (37.5 Ohms), there are still 3.3 Vpp at the output. 11.2 Operation and Technical Background In the analog domain one can connect any device to another device, synchronisation is not necessary. Digital audio is different. It uses a clock, the sample frequency. The signal can only be processed and transmitted when all participating devices share the same clock.
11.3 Cabling and Termination Word clock signals are usually distributed in the form of a network, split with BNC T-adapters and terminated with resistors. We recommend using off-the-shelf BNC cables to connect all devices, as this type of cable is used for most computer networks. You will find all the necessary components (T-adapters, terminators, cables) in most electronics and/or computer stores. The latter usually carries 50 Ohm components.
12. MIDI and RS232 12.1 MIDI Transmission MADI allows for a transmission of 64 audio channels over long distances with a single line – perfect. But what about MIDI? Be it remote control commands or sequencer data, in practice only a single MADI line will not suffice. Therefore the ADI-6432 also has a MIDI I/O port.
12.3 Remote Control Software A free remote software for Windows and Mac OS X can be downloaded from the RME website. It can use any existing MIDI port within the system to perform remote control and status requests of any number of supported RME units via a simple mouse click. Most appealing is the combination with a HDSP(e) MADI, offering a direct control of the ADI-6432 via MADI. The remote control software then uses a virtual MIDI port of the card, which directly sends and receives MIDI data via MADI.
12.4 RS232 Many devices in the professional range of PA and live sound solutions can be remote controlled using serial communication. The most common standard for those is RS232, the interface known from any computer (COM port). Small and cost-efficient converters between RS232 and newer formats, like RS422 or RS485, are widely spread and therefore easily available.
13. Application Examples 13.1 Digital AES/EBU Multicore The ADI-6432 is perfectly suited to build up a digital AES/EBU multicore. Up to 64 channels can be realized, transmitted via MADI optical cable lossless and undisturbed to places in a distance of up to 2.000 meters. The amount of the total delay from AES to AES depends on the current sample rate. 32 - 48 kHz 4 samples 64 - 96 kHz 7 samples 128 - 192 kHz 13 samples 4 samples at 48 kHz equal 83 µs. 13 samples at 192 kHz equal 68 µs. 13.
User's Guide ADI-6432 © RME 25
13.3 MADI to MADI Converter MADI has been used for quite some time now and therefore not all interfaces from different manufacturers are compatible with each other. An AMS Neve Logic DFC e. g. only accepts the 56 channel input format and when a 64 channel signal is applied, the whole input is muted. There exist lots of other but similar examples. The ADI-6432 can serve here as a perfect link, because its MADI input can read any input format.
The number of ADI-6432s necessary is identical to the number of MADI signal sources, so it's two for this example. The first ADI-6432 serves as MADI to AES converter. Its AES outputs are connected to the AES inputs of the second ADI-6432. The second ADI-6432 is used as described in the above example, sending the MADI input signal directly to the MADI output. At the same time, the unit fills the unused MADI channels at its MADI output with the audio signals from the AES inputs.
User's Guide ADI-6432 © RME
User's Guide ADI-6432 Technical Reference User's Guide ADI-6432 © RME 29
14. Technical Specifications 14.1 Inputs MADI • Coaxial via BNC, 75 Ohm, according to AES10-1991 • High-sensitivity input stage (< 0.2 Vpp) • Optical via FDDI duplex SC connector • 62.5/125 and 50/125 compatible • Accepts 56 channel and 64 channel mode, and 96k frame • Single Wire: up to 64 channels 24 bit 48 kHz • Double Wire: up to 32 channels 24 bit 96 kHz • Lock range: 28 kHz – 54 kHz • Jitter when synced to input signal: < 1 ns • Jitter suppression: > 30 dB (2.
AES/EBU • 32 x, transformer balanced, ground-free, according to AES3-1992 • Output voltage Professional 4.5 Vpp • Format Professional according to AES3-1992 Amendment 4 • Single Wire: 32 x 2 channels 24 bit, up to 192 kHz Word Clock • BNC • Max. output voltage: 5 Vpp • Output voltage @ 75 Ohm: 4.0 Vpp • Impedance: 10 Ohm • Frequency range: 28 kHz – 220 kHz 14.
14.6 Firmware The ADI-6432's main part has been realized using programmable logic. By re-programming of a little component called Flash-PROM, both function and behaviour of the unit can be changed at any time. At the time of writing this manual, the unit is shipped with firmware 1.4. The firmware version is displayed after power on for about one second by the SYNC and AUDIO LEDs of the AES INPUT STATE section. 14.7 Connector Pinouts The 25 pin D-sub connector provide four AES inputs and outputs each.
The same is true for a direct adapter cable Tascam D-sub to Euphonix D-sub. Euphonix: Signal D-Sub Signal D-Sub In 1/2+ 15 In 1/22 In 3/4+ 4 In 3/416 In 5/6+ 18 In 5/65 In 7/8+ 7 In 7/819 Out 1/2+ 21 Out 1/28 Out 3/4+ 10 Out 3/422 Out 5/6+ 24 Out 5/611 Out 7/8+ 13 Out 7/825 GND is connected to pins 3, 6, 9, 12, 14, 17, 20, 23. Pin 1 is not connected.
15. Technical Background 15.1 Terminology Single Speed Sample rate range originally used in Digital Audio. Typical applications are 32 kHz (digital radio broadcast), 44.1 kHz (CD), and 48 kHz (DAT). Double Speed Doubles the original sample rate range, in order to achieve higher audio quality and improved audio processing. 64 kHz is practically never used, 88.2 kHz is quite rare in spite of certain advantages. 96 kHz is a common format. Sometimes called Double Fast.
15.2 Lock, SyncCheck and SyncAlign Digital signals consist of a carrier and the data. If a digital signal is applied to an input, the receiver has to synchronize to the carrier clock in order to read the data correctly. To achieve this, the receiver uses a PLL (Phase Locked Loop). As soon as the receiver meets the exact frequency of the incoming signal, it is locked. This Lock state remains even with small changes of the frequency, because the PLL tracks the receiver's frequency.
15.3 AES/EBU - SPDIF The most important electrical properties of 'AES' and 'SPDIF' can be seen in the table below. AES/EBU is the professional balanced connection using XLR plugs. The standard is being set by the Audio Engineering Society based on the AES3-1992. For the 'home user', SONY and Philips have omitted the balanced connection and use either Phono plugs or optical cables (TOSLINK). The format called S/P-DIF (SONY/Philips Digital Interface) is described by IEC 60958.
15.4 MADI Basics MADI, the serial Multichannel Audio Digital Interface, has been defined already in 1989 as an extension of the existing AES3 standard following several manufacturers' wish. The format also known as AES/EBU, a balanced bi-phase signal, is limited to two channels. Simply put, MADI contains 28 of those AES/EBU signals in serial, i. e. after one another, and the sample rate can still even vary by +/-12.5%. The limit which cannot be exceeded is a data rate of 100Mbit/s.
15.5 SteadyClock The SteadyClock technology of the ADI-6432 guarantees an excellent performance in all clock modes. Its highly efficient jitter suppression refreshes and cleans up any clock signal, and provides it as reference clock at the word clock output. Usually a clock section consists of an analog PLL for external synchronisation and several quartz oscillators for internal synchronisation. SteadyClock requires only one quartz, using a frequency not equalling digital audio.
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17. MIDI Implementation Chart ADI-6432 17.1 Basic SysEx Format Value Name F0h 00h 20h 0Dh 63h 00h..7Eh, 7Fh mm nn oo F7h SysEx header MIDITEMP manufacturer ID Model ID (ADI-6432) Device ID. 7Fh = broadcast (all IDs) Message type Parameter number (see table 1) Data byte EOX 17.2 Message Types Value Name 10h 20h 30h Request value Set value Value response Request Value Format: F0 00 20 0D 63 (dev ID) 10 F7 This string triggers a complete dump of all value response data bytes.
17.4 Table No. No. Name 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 0Ah 0Bh 0Ch 0Dh 0Eh 0Fh 10h 11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h 17h 18h 19h 1Ah 1Bh 1Ch 1Dh 1Eh 1Fh 20h 21h 22h 23h 24h 25h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 settings byte 1 settings byte 2 info byte 1 info byte 2 info byte 3 MADI audio 1..4 MADI audio 5..8 MADI audio 9..12 MADI audio 13..16 MADI audio 17..20 MADI audio 21..24 MADI audio 25..28 MADI audio 29..32 AES lock 1..
00h 0 settings byte 1 MSB / 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LSB / 0 01h 1 settings byte 2 MSB / 7 0 madi input: 0 = BNC, 1 = opt madi frame: 0 = 48k, 1 = 96k madi format: 0 = 56ch, 1 = 64ch 0 lock keys: 0 = unlock, 1 = lock MSB / 1 serial I/O baud rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 19200 LSB / 0 serial I/O bd rate: 2 = 115200, 3 = 38400 6 5 4 3 2 MSB / 2 1 LSB / 0 1 LSB / 0 MSB / 1 LSB / 0 0 clock select: 0 = int 44.
