User guide

Appendix B
Number Systems, Hex Mask
B–3
Another example:
16–bit pattern = 1111 1000 0010 0011
2
=
( 2
14
+2
13
+2
12
+2
11
+2
5
+2
1
+2
0 )
– 2
15
= ( 16384
+
8192
+
4096
+
2048
+
32
+
2
+
1 )
–
32768
= 30755
–
32768
= –2013
An easier way to calculate a negative value is to locate the last “1” in the
string of 1s beginning at the left, then subtract its value from the total value
of positions to the right of that position.
For example:
16–bit pattern = 1111 1111 0001 1010
2
=
( 2
4
+2
3
+2
1 )
– 2
8
=( 16
+
8
+
2 )
–
256
=–230
Binary Coded Decimal numbers use a 4–bit binary code to represent decimal
values ranging from 0 to 9 as shown below:
BCD
Value
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Binary
Value
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
Thumbwheels and LED displays are two types of I/O devices that use BCD
numbers.
The position values of BCD numbers are powers of 2, as in binary, beginning
with 2
0
at the right:
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
8421
Position Decimal Value
BCD Numbers