Design Evolution, Reliability and Durability of Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbines Pedigree Matrices, Volume 6 1004227 Effective December 6, 2006, this report has been made publicly available in accordance with Section 734.3(b) (3) and published in accordance with Section 734.7 of the U.S. Export Administration Regulations. As a result of this publication, this report is subject to only copyright protection and does not require any license agreement from EPRI.
Design Evolution, Reliability and Durability of Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbines Pedigree Matrices, Volume 6 1004227 Technical Update, March 2006 EPRI Project Manager D. Grace ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE 3420 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304-1395 ▪ PO Box 10412, Palo Alto, California 94303-0813 ▪ USA 800.313.3774 ▪ 650.855.2121 ▪ askepri@epri.com ▪ www.epri.
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES THIS DOCUMENT WAS PREPARED BY THE ORGANIZATION(S) NAMED BELOW AS AN ACCOUNT OF WORK SPONSORED OR COSPONSORED BY THE ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC. (EPRI).
CITATIONS This report was prepared by Electric Power Research Institute 3420 Hillview Avenue Palo Alto, CA 94304 Principal Investigator D. Grace This report describes research sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The report is a corporate document that should be cited in the literature in the following manner: Design Evolution, Reliability and Durability of Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbines: Pedigree Matrices, Volume 6, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2006. 1004227.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Competitive pressures are driving power generators to exploit aviation combustion turbine technology to create more efficient and powerful generation plants at lower cost. However, the use of aero-derivative combustion turbines (third generation or "next generation") carry a degree of technical risk because technologies incorporated into their design push them to the edge of the envelope.
introductions as design changes go from the ‘drawing boards’ into production testing at a customer’s site early in the learning curve. The absence of long-term experience with the technology raises issues of reliability and durability. For specific models and components, chronic durability problems could result in insurability issues potentially undermining a project’s financial structure.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks to Ted Gaudette (formerly of Strategic Power Systems, Inc.) and to Ian Langham of Ian Langham & Associates Inc. for preparing the original report in 2002. Thanks to Rolls-Royce for welcoming EPRI attendance at the Turbine Operator’s Conference in Houston in 2005. Thanks to Dale Paul and Bob Steele at Strategic Power Systems, Inc. for providing current reliability statistics for the Rolls-Royce engines reporting to the ORAP database.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................1-1 Risk Trends ...........................................................................................................................1-3 Current Technology Trends Related to Industrial Combustion Turbines: Low Risk ........
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RAM Assessment..................................................................................................................3-4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................3-4 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................4-1 Literature Citations .................................................
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1 Industrial RB211: Gas Generator and Free Power Turbine......................................2-2 Figure 2-2 Industrial Trent..........................................................................................................
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Pedigree Matrix: Rolls-Royce RB211-6562, RB211-6761, Trent 60 (DLE and WLE) Engine Design Characteristics ...............................................................................2-11 Table 3-1 RAM Statistics: Fleet Characteristics for Avon, RB211, and Trent ............................3-2 Table 3-2 RAM Statistics for Roll-Royce Avon, RB211 and Trent Engines – All Duties ............3-3 Table 3-3 Additional RB 211 Operating Statistics.......
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material 1 INTRODUCTION The power generation market place and the combustion turbine market in particular are evolving at an ever-increasing pace. Market forces are driving the introduction of new technologies and advanced combustion turbines designs. The introduction of these technologies inherently involves risk. The economic pressure of a market moving towards deregulation intensifies this risk of new technologies.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Introduction turbines in combustion technology with dry low NOx and CO levels that are several orders of magnitude lower and meet land based pollution requirements in many geographic areas. The enabling technology of today’s advanced frame machines lies with the computer codes and manufacturing processes developed by the aviation combustion turbine industry.
EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Introduction Risk Trends Based upon the review of the designs from all of the manufacturers, several trends are readily apparent. These trends in the development of advanced designs involve incorporation of current industrial combustion turbine technology, transfer of aircraft engine technology to industrial combustion turbines, and new technologies developed specifically for industrial combustion turbines.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Introduction abnormality in the flow path. Adoption of proven aviation technology has minimized leakage paths and has improved clearance control.
EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Introduction − Multi-pass serpentine cooling schemes − “Shower-head” cooling schemes • Advanced materials − Directionally solidified alloys − Single crystal alloys* − Low sulfur alloys* • Advanced coatings − TBCs* − Oxidation coatings* • Clearance and leakage control − Passive − Active* − Abradable shrouds/labyrinth seals − Brush seals * Higher risk technologies Independently Developed Technology Applied to Industrial Combustion Turbines: Medium to High Risk Some t
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Introduction development programs and is entering commercial use.
EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Introduction • Single, large capacity units • Minimum resources applied to Monitoring, Diagnostic, and Prognostic Programs Original Equipment Manufacturers • Integration of systems • Competitive economics • Corporate downsizing • Sourcing compromises (country of sale or worldwide) • Long term maintenance contracts (burden on OEMs) and extent shared with the suppliers The Use of Advanced Technology for Peaking Duty The attraction of the new technology combus
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Introduction efficiency advantage of the new technology combustion turbine might not offset the increased maintenance costs. It is a difficult equation to solve, especially when trying to predict changes over the 20 to 30 year life of a typical plant. Insurers and Lenders Perspective Technology risk is of interest not only to owners and operators but also to insurance companies and project lenders.
EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Introduction compensate for their losses. Some companies concluded they would no longer participate due to the perceived risks, while others entered the market due to improving margins. In 2004 and 2005, the market again became “softer” and premiums decreased on a relative basis. The insurance market appears to be fundamentally based on supply and demand of its “product”, with volatility somewhat decoupled from quantified technical risk.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material 2 ROLLS-ROYCE AERO-DERIVATIVE COMBUSTION TURBINE BACKGROUND Summary Rolls-Royce’s aero-derivative heritage goes back more that forty years with an active role in establishing the combustion turbine in marine application with such units and the Proteus, Gnome, Tyne Spey, and Olympus combustion turbine propulsion units. Rolls-Royce has more than 975 marine installations with over 6 million operating hours. Many units are still operating today. The Proteus (2.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbine Background seven-stage low pressure compressor (LPC), six-stage high pressure compressor (HPC) driven by a single-stage high pressure turbine (HPT), and a single axial stage, low pressure turbine (LPT) which drives the LPC via an inner coaxial shaft, for a total of 5 pre-balanced modules.
EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbine Background for ease in maintainability. This unit also requires a reduction gearbox in electrical utility applications. Several significant upgrades are available for RB211-24C and -24G gas generators which are generally included in the RB211-24GT: • DLE “short style” combustor for premix natural gas firing.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbine Background RT 56 – (Cooper Bessemer) 56” Diameter, two stage, Reaction Turbine. For the –22, -24A and –24C engines RT 62 - (again Coopers) 62” Diameter, two stage, Reaction Turbine. For the –24G and –24G DLE engines RT 61 - (based on the Trent 800 aero engine) 61“ Diameter, three stage, Reactive Turbine For the –24GT or uprated engine RB 211 Maintenance Approach.
EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbine Background Once the engine is removed from the berth, it can be placed on its transportation stand. At this point the I.P. Turbine assembly can be uncoupled from its curvic coupling and removed. Then, by use of the two cranes, the engine can be lifted into the vertical position and be placed nose down on the lifting fixture. This allows for the removal of the 05 and the 04 Modules.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbine Background I.P. Stage 5 Stator: to Mod. 1205. This will put hard facing on the vane feet and the assembly will be re rubbered with machine injected, RTV 851 dampening medium. I.P. Stage 6 Stator: to Mod. 1159, as above Stage 7 (OGV Ring): to Mod. 1190, as above Note: A redesigned OGV Ring was introduced thru Mod. 1249. This assembly cannot be reworked from Mod 1117 or Mod 1190 assemblies.
EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbine Background stop the bearing cavity can see temperatures in excess of 400 degrees in the ninety minutes following a crash stop. Whereas, on a cool stop that cavity temperature only got up to just over 275 degrees. No oil in the world can stand the former temperature, without laying down some coke. Secondly, to allow for the emergency stops – fire, gas in the building etc.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbine Background controls water usage to meet emission levels for changes in power demand and ambient conditions. The 8-stage intermediate pressure compressor (IPC) and the 6-stage high-pressure compressor (HPC) are identical to the Aero Trent 800. The HPT and IPT are also single stages and identical to the Aero 800 Trent.
EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbine Background The fundamental feature of the aero-derived turbine is its modularity. The industrial Trent consists of 6 prebalanced and interchangeable modules. A module can be removed and replaced with a module from the module pool and operations resumed without any other work being necessary.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbine Background The 17 stage gas generator provides a compression ratio of 8.8:1 and is driven by a 3 stage turbine. The 2 stage power turbine drives a 4-pole generator at 1500-1800 rpm, similar to the RB211. Although some new units are sold each year, the product line appears to be phasing out for electrical generation applications. Rolls-Royce provides continuing support for the relatively large existing fleet.
EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbine Background Table 2-1 Pedigree Matrix: Rolls-Royce RB211-6562, RB211-6761, Trent 60 (DLE and WLE) Engine Design Characteristics Design Characteristic RB211 – 6761 Trent 60 DLE Trent 60 WLE RB211 – 6562 (RB211-24GT Gas (Derivative of AERO 800 on (Derivative of AERO 800 on (RB211-24G Gas Generator Generator with RT61 Power Boeing 777 and Airbus Boeing 777 and Airbus with RT62 Power Turbine) Turbine) A330) A330) Distinguishing
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbine Background Design Characteristic RB211 – 6761 Trent 60 DLE Trent 60 WLE RB211 – 6562 (RB211-24GT Gas (Derivative of AERO 800 on (Derivative of AERO 800 on (RB211-24G Gas Generator Generator with RT61 Power Boeing 777 and Airbus Boeing 777 and Airbus with RT62 Power Turbine) Turbine) A330) A330) Exhaust Flow, ISO, Gas Fuel 208.7 lb/sec 94.5 kg/sec 207.4 lb/sec 94.
EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbine Background Design Characteristic RB211 – 6761 Trent 60 DLE Trent 60 WLE RB211 – 6562 (RB211-24GT Gas (Derivative of AERO 800 on (Derivative of AERO 800 on (RB211-24G Gas Generator Generator with RT61 Power Boeing 777 and Airbus Boeing 777 and Airbus with RT62 Power Turbine) Turbine) A330) A330) Hydraulic Starter via radial drive gearbox on HPC Hydraulic Starter via radial drive gearbox on HPC Hydraulic Starter (250 kW mot
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbine Background Design Characteristic RB211 – 6761 Trent 60 DLE Trent 60 WLE RB211 – 6562 (RB211-24GT Gas (Derivative of AERO 800 on (Derivative of AERO 800 on (RB211-24G Gas Generator Generator with RT61 Power Boeing 777 and Airbus Boeing 777 and Airbus with RT62 Power Turbine) Turbine) A330) A330) Turbine Vanes HP Mar-M-002, Sermaloy J coating, air-cooled Mar-M-002, Sermaloy J coating, air-cooled MarM002, Pt-Al coating, air
EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbine Background Design Characteristic RB211 – 6761 Trent 60 DLE Trent 60 WLE RB211 – 6562 (RB211-24GT Gas (Derivative of AERO 800 on (Derivative of AERO 800 on (RB211-24G Gas Generator Generator with RT61 Power Boeing 777 and Airbus Boeing 777 and Airbus with RT62 Power Turbine) Turbine) A330) A330) (see Power Turbine Description) Turbine Rotor PT Free Power RT62 Introduced 1982; Turbine Two stage PT with industrial (Industria
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbine Background Design Characteristic RB211 – 6761 Trent 60 DLE Trent 60 WLE RB211 – 6562 (RB211-24GT Gas (Derivative of AERO 800 on (Derivative of AERO 800 on (RB211-24G Gas Generator Generator with RT61 Power Boeing 777 and Airbus Boeing 777 and Airbus with RT62 Power Turbine) Turbine) A330) A330) Distinguishing Features (from earlier models) RT62 Power Turbine Single Crystal Turbine Blades The Radial DLE combustor is (HPT &
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material 3 RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY Data Analysis: Rolls-Royce Aero-derivative Engines This chapter provides statistical evaluation of the Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) performance of the Rolls-Royce Avon, RB211, and Trent machines in power generation applications. The fleet is represented by units that report to the Operational Reliability Analysis Program (ORAP) managed by Strategic Power Systems (SPS).
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Reliability, Availability and Maintainability Generation area, Strategic Generation Options and go to Newsletters/ Program Updates under the Research Area Updates section in the left sidebar. RAM Statistics: Avon, RB211 and Trent - All Duties Data from the Operational Reliability Analysis Program (ORAP) was utilized to provide statistics on Rolls-Royce engines.
EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Reliability, Availability and Maintainability Table 3-2 RAM Statistics for Roll-Royce Avon, RB211 and Trent Engines – All Duties Model & Year Availability (%) Reliability (%) Service Factor (%) Service Hours/Start Starting Reliability (%) Average Load (MW) Forced Outage Factor (%) Scheduled Outage Factor (%) Unscheduled Outage Factor (%) Mean Time Between Failure (Hours) Mean Time To Repair (Hours) Avon 2005 97.5 99.4 81 215 93 N/A 0.6 1.7 0.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Reliability, Availability and Maintainability Additional RB 211 Operating Statistics The following table provides average Reliability and Availability statistics for a limited number of RB 211 engines based on a one-year operational study. Statistical values are from sources other than ORAP and have not been verified. Table 3-3 Additional RB 211 Operating Statistics Type # Number of Units Service Factor Availability % Reliability % 24 A 9 56.4 90.2 98.
EPR Proprietary I Licensed Material Reliability, Availability and Maintainability The review of the frame pedigree matrices in a previous EPRI Report TR-114081, “Gas Turbine Design Evolution and Risk” clearly shows a high degree of commonality between the design of a frame unit and an aero-derivative unit. But at the same time, they are extremely different. One cannot operate a frame unit like an aero-derivative and visa versa.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY Literature Citations • “New applications for Trent”, Turbomachinery International, Sept/Oct 2005, pp 9-12. • T. Scarinci and C. Barkey (Rolls-Royce Canada), “Dry Low Emissions Technology for the Trent 50 Gas Turbine”, paper presented at Power-Gen Europe, Barcelona, Spain, May 2004. • “Dedicated facilities built for Avon and RB211 overhauls and repairs” (Rolls Wood Group in Aberdeen, Scotland), Gas Turbine World, Apr/May 2004, pp 24-26.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material A KNOWN ISSUES Table A-1 Listing of Known Issues for Rolls-Royce Units Issue Symptom Comments Ancillary Package Design Numerous Deficiencies Cooper Bessemer, now part of Rolls-Royce, packaged the unit as a Coberra 6256 and then, with the higher powered machines, the Coberra 6562 unit. The troublesome Lube Oil skid problems have now been resolved. Westinghouse also offered a package design known as the EconoPac concept.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material B RB 211 MAINTENANCE SCOPE RB 211 - 2,000 Hour Inspection • Carry out a soak wash of the engine’s compressor. • On completion of the above; − Inspect the Intake Flare for any cracks or damage − Examine the Variable Intake Guide Vanes (VIGV’s) and visible − Compressor Blades for nicks, dents and foreign object damage. − Clean up the floor and ensure items are removed from the plenum. • Remove and inspect the oil scavenge block Magnetic Chip Detectors.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Maintenance Scope • Conduct a full internal borescope examination of the engine. Refer to the M/M Volume 1, Chapter 6. for reference and allowable limits of any nicks, dents or other foreign object damage found. • Examine all borescope blanking plugs, which extend into the gas generator, for frettage and wear. Any major frettage should be investigated and the plug changed. • Examine the rubber flexible joint seal between the Intake Flare and the engine flange.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Maintenance Scope instructions. These instructions and checks are to be found in the Maintenance and Parts Manual, off-engine parts, Volume 1A, Part 1A, Chapter 3 and Chapter 3 of Part 2A. • On re-start of the engine, carryout an airflow control system check. Chapter 7, paragraph 4 in the Maintenance Manual gives the full details. RB 211 - Midlife Workscope To conducted schedules maintenance of the engine and overhaul of the 04 Module plus the I.P.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Maintenance Scope • Visually inspect the remainder of the module in the bulk condition (i.e. Curvic Coupling, thrust bearings). • Electrically check the N2 Magnetic Speed Sensors and electrical connectors. • Fit the ‘POOL’ OGV Ring Assembly 04 Module: Prepare the 04 Module for shipping to Vendor. At Vendor Premises, the module will be fully overhauled to this workscope. • Overhaul in accordance with accepted standards.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Maintenance Scope Compressor Rotor HP (Section 1664) • Inspect the HP compressor rotor path linings and incorporate modifications 1115 and 1189, if required. Reprotect if necessary. • Incorporate Mod 1167 - Improved bolt material on combustor. • Replace the curvic coupling bolts in accordance with RN5003, if required. • Inspect the HP compressor rotor blades, stators, and repair as necessary.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Maintenance Scope Rebuild the Module to the Rolls-Royce overhaul specification, fits and clearances etc. and ship back to the Customer or replace in the ‘POOL’. 05 Module: • Carry out dimension check of IPT Rotor setting. • Inspect the IP Turbine Casing Assembly in the Bulk Condition, including Seal Segments, IP NGV’s, HP and IP Roller Bearings and Static Abradable Seals. • Inspect the IP Turbine Rotor Assembly in the Bulk condition.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Maintenance Scope RB 211 - Overhaul Workscope This overhaul workscope is conducted as schedule maintenance at approximately 50,000 Operating Hours, providing the engine had a midlife inspection repair at 25,000 hours. On Receipt of Engine • Take pictures of engine on the inbound truck (i.e. tie down straps etc.) • Inspect and report condition of engine transportation stand and bag.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Maintenance Scope • Inspect VIGV’s, crack test, measure inner and outer journals. Inspect threads. • Measure and inspect inner and outer bushes. • Embody the following Repair Notes (RN): − RN 5002 – Wear of VIGV Trunnions and associated parts − RN 5035 – Acceptance Standard for VIGV Vespel Bushes • Inspect IGV arm assembly, re-protect if necessary. • Inspect air intake casing assembly, locally crack test, repaint if necessary.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Maintenance Scope Compressor Rotor IP (Section 1666) • Detail strip the Rotor. Wash, NDT, inspect and record/embody the following: − RN 5015 – Cyclic Lives of Critical Group A Components − RN 5016 – Engine Component Life Limitation Data − RN 5023 – Inspection/Crack testing of Stage 6 Disc for Corrosion − OIA 017 – Log Book Cyclic Information • Inspect all rotor drums and seals. • Inspect IP compressor stub shaft and curvic coupling for wear.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Maintenance Scope − MOD 1231 – Revised HP Speed Probes Compressor Intermediate Case (Sections 1661/1661A) • Detail Strip, Clean and Inspect. • Re-protect the Compressor Intermediate Case. • Replace Thread Inserts on the Starter Mounting Flange, Borescope Ports and BOV Mounting Flange. It is recommended that the Outlet Guide Vane Ring (OGV) be modified up to the latest applicable MOD standard i.e.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Maintenance Scope − RN 5017 – Log Book Cyclic Life Information − RN 5024 – HP Turbine Blade Check Procedure − RN 5033 – Fatigue failures of Compressor, turbine rotor blades and stator vanes − RN 5039 – Inspection standard for HP turbine blades − OIA 005 – HPT blades for thermal cracking − MOD 1167 – Single life bolts • Dimensionally inspect the Panel Support and Rotor Disc Location. • In conjunction with the OEM and Customer, review the HP turbine creep life.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Maintenance Scope Combustion Outer Case (Section 1090-1090/A) • Detail strip, clean and inspect. • Re-protect the outer casing with Sermetal “W” coating Combustion Liner (Sections 1092-1092A-1092B) • Detail Strip, Clean and Inspect. • Embody the following: − OIA 040 – Debris in front combustion liner − OIA 043 – Revised HP Turbine honeycomb seal clearances • Consign the Front Combustion Liner for condition assessment then overhaul process.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Maintenance Scope − RN 5009 – Renew HP compressor bolts in Jethete material at every service strip. − RN 5020 - Reduced cyclic life of specific HP compressor rotor Stages 1 to 2 discs Assembly − RN 5033 – Fatigue failures of compressor, turbine rotor blades and stator vanes − RN 5036 – Inspection of HP Compressor Stage 3 disc for corrosion and cracking (48,000 hours) • Crack test all rotating components. • Rebuild and balance the rotor assembly.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Maintenance Scope • Detail Strip, Clean and Inspect. • Embody the following: − RN 5018 – HP/IP support internal pipe inspection/test − RN 5029 – Replace thread inserts − OIA 027 – IP Turbine Blade Tip clearance check − OIA 033 – Debris Ingress − OIA 036 – Oil feed pipe crack detection − MOD 1181 – IP Bearing retainer improved abradable/clearance (1181/121) • Strip coating and crack test the IP NGV’s.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RB 211 Maintenance Scope • Visually inspect starter or as advised by customer. • Visually inspect all remaining components and recondition as necessary. • Incorporate MOD 1149. It is recommended to incorporate MODs 1135, 1136, 1164, 1078, 1054, 1071, 1124 and 1266 Non-Engine Components • Inspect transportation stand for serviceability. • Inspect transportation bag for serviceability. Engine Test Conduct performance test in accordance with Rolls-Royce CTS 1165.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material C RAM TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Term Availability (%) (Avail) Definition ⎛ Forced Outage Hours + Scheduled Outage Hours ⎞ ⎜⎜1 − ⎟⎟ • 100 Unit Period Hours ⎝ ⎠ where Scheduled Outage Hours = Maintenance Unscheduled Outage Hours + Maintenance Scheduled Outage Hours Reliability (%) (Reliab) ⎛ Forced Outage Hours ⎞ ⎜⎜1 − ⎟ • 100 Unit Period Hours ⎟⎠ ⎝ Forced Outage Factor (%) (FOF) ⎛ Forced Outage Hours ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ • 100 ⎝ Unit Period Hours ⎠ Scheduled Maintenance Factor (%)
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material RAM Terms and Definitions The above equations adhere to IEEE Standard 762: Standard Definitions for use in Reporting Electric Generating Units Reliability, Availability, and Productivity Unavailability Types SPS ORAP System Forced Outage Types Forced Outage - Automatic Trip: While the unit was FOA ® FOM FS FU operating a component failure or other condition occurred which caused the unit to be shut down automatically by the control system.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material D INSTALLATION LISTS The following tables provide a representative listing of installation sites for Rolls-Royce RB211, Trent and Avon models in electrical generation applications. Mechanical drive and off-shore applications in the oil and gas industry are not included. For instance, there are over 240 units in mechanical drive applications (29,000 to 38,000 hp each), with over 40 having DLE combustors.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists Table D-1 RB211 Sites Company Site City State Country Model Cycle Type Number of CTs Fuel MW rating COD Jakarta Jakarta Area Jakarta Indonesia RB211 6562 Cogen 1 NG 23 2004 Fafen Energia Cogen Camacari BA Brazil RB211 6761 CC/Cogen 3 NG 134 2003 Ankara Bilkent (University) Ankara Turkey RB211 Cogen 1 NG 37 2003 Mersey Docks Liverpool UK/England & Wales RB211 Cogen 1 Unknown 30 2002 Carrico Carrico Portug
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists Company Site City State Country Model Cycle Type Number of CTs Fuel MW rating COD Statoil Heidrun OS Norway RB211 SC 3 NG 56 1994 AGIP SpA AGIP (UK) Ltd Tiffany OS UK RB211 SC 3 NG 75 1992 BP Bruce Field UK RB211 SC 2 NG 50 1992 Norsk Hydro A/S Oseberg A OS Norway RB211 SC 5 NG 50 1992 Shell Oil Co Shell Exploration and Production Company Gannet OS UK RB211 SC 3 NG 50 1992 TransCanada Corp TransCan
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists Table D-2 Trent Sites Company Site City State Model Cycle Type Number of CTs Fuel MW rating COD Canada Trent CC/Cogen 1 NG 80 2003 Country TransCanada Corp TransCanada PipeLines Ltd Bear Creek Cogen Grande Prairie Rolls-Royce Power Ventures (RRPV) Rolls-Royce Engineering Croydon Powre Facility Croydon UK/England & Wales Trent SC 1 NG 50 2001 Energi E2 A/S Avedore Power Station Dk-2650 Hvidovre Denmark Trent CC/Cogen 2
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists Table D-3 Avon Sites Company Pakchina Fertilizer Ltd Schon Power Generation Ltd Electricite de France (EDF) Electricite de France Guyane Korea Petrochemical Industries Co Site City State Country Model Cycle Type Number of CTs Fuel MW rating COD Haripur Pakchina Haripur Pakistan Avon Cogen 1 Unknown 14 1997 Pakchina Haripur Haripur Pakistan Avon SC 1 Unknown 15 1997 Kourou Kourou French Guiana Avon SC 2 Unknown 31 1990
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists Company Abu Dhabi Gas Industries Ltd (ADGAS) General Electric Co of Libya Site City Bu Hasa (ADGAS) Abu Dhabi Abu Kamash General Electric Co of Libya Misurata Steel Works Misurata E.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists Model Cycle Type Number of CTs Fuel MW rating COD Finland Avon SC 6 Unknown 174 1973 Australia Avon SC 1 Unknown 14 1973 Sweden Avon SC 1 Unknown 58 1973 MI USA Avon SC 2 DO 54 1973 County Londonderry UK/Northern Ireland Avon SC 1 Unknown 60 1972 Middlesborough UK/England & Wales Avon SC 1 Unknown 15 1972 Arnish Lewis UK/Scotland Avon SC 2 Unknown 29 1972 VT USA Avon SC 2 DO 28 1971 NSW
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists Company Site City Vattenfall AB Gotland Vattenfall Virgin Islands Water & Power Authority St.
EPRI Proprietary Licensed Material Installation Lists Company Shell Oil Co TXU Corp TXU Europe Group plc E.
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