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54 _Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ
ɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɈ
Ɉɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨɣ ɡɚɛɨɬɵ
ɢ
ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱦɥɹ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɵɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɜɵɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɥɢ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟɜɚɲɟɦɭɫɚɦɨɦɭɛɥɢɡɤɨɦɭɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ
ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɨɬ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
ɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɈ
Ɋɟɠɭɳɢɟɥɟɡɜɢɹɨɱɟɧɶɨɫɬɪɵɟɢɦɨɝɭɬɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ
ɬ
ɟɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɦ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɜɦɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɣɬɟɤɪɚɣɧɸɸ
ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɫɦɚɡɤɟ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢɥɢ
ɫɧɹɬɢɢɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɞɥɹɥɟɡɜɢɹ
Ŷ ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɥɢɨɱɢɫɬɤɨɣɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ
ɤɚɛɟɥɶɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɨɬɫɟɬɟɜɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
Ŷ ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ
ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɉɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ
ɨɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ
ɰɟɧɬɪ
Ŷ ɉɨɫɥɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɨɬɢɪɚɣɬɟɤɨɪɩɭɫɢ
ɪɭɱɤɢɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɦɹɝɤɨɣɫɭɯɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸ
Ŷ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɥɟɡɜɢɹ
ɨɬ
ɦɭɫɨɪɚ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɳɟɬɤɨɣ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ
ɧɚɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɚɧɬɢɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɦɚɡɤɭ
ɩɟɪɟɞ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ
ɥɟɡɜɢɹɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɚɧɬɢɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɫɩɵɥɹɟɦɭɸ ɫɦɚɡɤɭ ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɧɚɧɟɫɬɢ ɪɨɜɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɢ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɪɢɫɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɚɜɦɵ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɫ ɥɟɡɜɢɹɦɢ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɵɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɫɦɚɡɤɚɯ
ɫɜɹɠɢɬɟɫɶ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɦ
ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ
Ŷ ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɫɦɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ
ɥɟɡɜɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ
ɦɟɬɨɞ
Ŷ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɬɵ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɤɢ ɢ ɜɢɧɬɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɧɚ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɭɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤɨɣɥɢɛɨ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣɰɟɧɬɪɞɥɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨɪɟɦɨɧɬɚɢɥɢɡɚɦɟɧɵ
ɇȺɁɇȺɑȿɇɂȿ
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɜɧɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɣɬɟɞɜɭɦɹɪɭɤɚɦɢ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɛɵɬɨɜɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯȾɚɧɧɵɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ
ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɟɡɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɢɡɝɨɪɨɞɢ
ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɢɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜ ɫɭɯɢɯ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ
ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɪɟɡɤɢ ɬɪɚɜɵ
ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɬɨɤ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɤɪɨɦɟ
ɩɨɞɪɟɡɤɢɠɢɜɨɣɢɡɝɨɪɨɞɢ
ȻɍȾɖɌȿȼɋȿȽȾȺɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɕ
Ⱦɚɠɟɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɫɬɪɨɝɨ
ɩɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɉɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɞɨɥɠɟɧɭɞɟɥɹɬɶɨɫɨɛɨɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɱɬɨɛɵ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
Ŷ ȿɫɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɫɧɹɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɛɪɨɲɟɧɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɥɟɡɜɢɟ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɫ ɪɟɠɭɳɢɦ ɥɟɡɜɢɟɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɭɸɬɪɚɜɦɭɍɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟɪɟɠɭɳɟɟ
ɩɨɥɨɬɧɨ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ
ɬɟɥɚ ȿɫɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɠɭɳɟɟ ɥɟɡɜɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ
Ŷ Ɍɪɚɜɦɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɣɬɟ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɪɭɱɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɣɬɟ
ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣɪɟɠɢɦ
Ŷ ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɲɭɦɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ
ɫɥɭɯɚ
ɇɨɫɢɬɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɫɥɭɯɚ ɢ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɭɦɨɜɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɋɇɂɀȿɇɂȿɊɂɋɄȺ
ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɭ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɬɚɤ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ Ɋɟɣɧɨ 5D\QDXG¶V 6\QGURPH Ʉ
ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɚɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɤɚɥɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɧɟɦɟɧɢɟ
ɢ ɩɨɛɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɥɶɰɟɜ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɢ
ɋɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɟɬɚ ɤɭɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɩɵɬ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɨɜ ɇɢɠɟ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ
ɞɥɹɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢ
Ŷ Ɉɞɟɜɚɣɬɟɫɶɬɟɩɥɟɟɜɯɨɥɨɞɧɭɸɩɨɝɨɞɭɉɪɢɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɫ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɪɭɤɢ ɢ ɡɚɩɹɫɬɶɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɟ ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɨɝɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ Ɋɟɣɧɨ
5D\QDXG¶V6\QGURPH
Ŷ ɉɨɫɥɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɷɬɚɩɚɪɚɛɨɬɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ
ɞɥɹɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
Ŷ ɑɚɳɟ ɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɵɜɵ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɋɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɟ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨ ɢɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɨɜ
ɫɪɚɡɭɠɟɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɬɟɪɚɛɨɬɭɢɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶɩɨɢɯɩɨɜɨɞɭ
ɤɜɪɚɱɭ