User's Manual
Table Of Contents
- General Safety Precautions
- List of Contents
- 1 Overview
- 2 Basic Settings; General Remarks about Operating
- 3 PPI Settings
- 3.1 Screen Stabilisation of the PPI: True Motion, Relative Motion
- 3.2 PPI Orientation: Head-Up, North-Up, Course-Up
- 3.3 Centering / Off-Centering of the Display (Center, Off-Center)
- 3.4 Range Selection (Range)
- 3.5 Range Rings, Grid
- 3.6 Own Ship Symbols and Target Symbols, Vectors, Past Position Plots
- 3.7 Trails
- 3.8 Setting the Display of Pre-planned Tracks
- 3.9 Defining the System Track and the Next Waypoint; System Track Display
- 3.10 Setting the Display of User Chart Objects on the RADARPILOT
- 3.11 Setting the Display of Charts and User Chart Objects on the CHARTRADAR
- 3.12 Setting the Display of the Map
- 3.13 Adjusting the Chart or Map to the Radar Video
- 4 Setting the Radar Function
- 4.1 Radar Function On/Off, Interswitch Functions, Master/Slave Switch-Over
- 4.2 Basic Setting of the Radar Video
- 4.3 Selection of the Antenna Revolution Rate
- 4.4 Radar Setting for High Speed of Own Vessel (HSC)
- 4.5 Radar Setting for the Display of RACON Codes
- 4.6 Radar Setting for SART Detection (X-Band only)
- 4.7 Suppression of the Synthetics and Video
- 5 Heading, Speed, Position
- 6 Bearing and Range
- 7 ARPA Functions
- 7.1 Symbols Used
- 7.2 Procedure of the Target Acquisition
- 7.3 Manual Target Acquisition
- 7.4 Automatic Target Acquisition; Settings of the Acquisition/Guard Zone
- 7.5 Deletion of Targets, Loss of Target
- 7.6 Target Data Display
- 7.7 Target Labels
- 7.8 Selecting the Reference Targets for Reference Target Tracking
- 8 EPA Functions (Electronic Plotting Aid)
- 9 Collision Avoidance (TCPA, CPA)
- 10 Trial Manoeuvres
- 11 Editing of Pre-planned Tracks
- 12 Editing the Map
- 13 Displays in the Multidisplay
- 14 Quick Info Box
- 15 Evaluation of the Radar Video
- 16 The Radar Keyboard
- 17 Alarm Management
- 18 List of Alarms
- 19 List of the Alarm Signal Outputs
- 20 Care and Maintenance Work
- 21 Performance Monitor
- 22 System Maintenance Manager
- 22.1 Determining the Versions of Software, Hardware and Documentation
- 22.2 Listing the System Faults
- 22.3 Off-Line Selfcheck
- 22.4 Checking / Correcting the Computer Time
- 22.5 Distribution and Deletion of Map Data; Data Saving
- 22.6 Exchanging Track Files between the Indicators; Data Saving
- 22.7 The Handling of Diskettes
- 22.8 Aborting and Restarting the Program of the Radar System
ED 3038 G 232 / 01 (2002-06)
Operating Instructions
15 Evaluation of the Radar Video
15.3 Undesirable Echo Displays and Effects
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RADARPILOT / CHARTRADAR
Radial and azimuthal distortions of the radar video
15.3 Undesirable Echo Displays and Effects
Disturbances of the radar video are caused by
- meteorological processes,
- reflections from the sea surface,
- radar signals from other transmitters,
- false echo displays,
- sectors of reduced radar visibility,
- superrefraction and subrefraction.
Influences of Meteorological Processes
The influence of meteorological phenomena such as fog, rain, snow or hail on the radar video increases
with the size of the droplets in relation to the radar wavelength, and with the density of the droplets. The
shorter-wave X-band radar (with a wavelength of 3 cm) is therefore generally impaired more severely by
meteorological influences than is the longer-wave S-band radar (10 cm wavelength).
X-Band Radar
Even in the X-band radar, fog causes practically no disturbances, whereas precipitations with larger drop-
lets attenuate the transmitted radar pulses and thus weaken to a greater or lesser extent the display of
targets situated behind extensive areas of precipitation. Furthermore, throughout their entire extent, rain,
snow and hail reflect part of the transmitted energy and produce echoes in the form of milky areas in the
radar video (backscatter).
Because of the very different signal structures of useful targets and rain areas, rain clutter can be notice-
ably reduced by the rain clutter suppression function.
Two adjacent targets merge to
form one radar echo (azimuthal
distortion)
Radial distortion
Azimuthal distortion
Radar video
Actual size of the target
Two targets behind one
another merge to form one
radar echo (radial distortion)
Width of the beam radi-
ated by the antenna
A spit of land is displayed wider
An entrance is
displayed narrower or
not at all
Land contou
r
Radar video