2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 LTE 1.
600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 COPYRIGHT This manual is proprietary to SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. and is protected by copyright. No information contained herein may be copied, translated, transcribed or duplicated for any commercial purposes or disclosed to the third party in any form without the prior written consent of SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. TRADEMARKS Product names mentioned in this manual may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Purpose This description describes the characteristics, features and structure of the 1.9 GHz Indoor Pico Cell, an LTE eNB. Document Content and Organization This manual consists of five Chapters and a list of Abbreviations. CHAPTER 1. Samsung LTE System Overview Introduction to Samsung LTE System Samsung LTE Network Configuration CHAPTER 2.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 5. Supplementary Functions and Tools LMT ABBREVIATION Describes the acronyms used in this manual. Conventions The following types of paragraphs contain special information that must be carefully read and thoroughly understood. Such information may or may not be enclosed in a rectangular box, separating it from the main text, but is always preceded by an icon and/or a bold title. NOTE Indicates additional information as a reference.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 Purpose ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 Document Content and Organization ...................................................................................................... 3 Conventions...........................................................................................................................
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 4. Message Flow 46 4.1 Call Processing Message Flow .............................................................................................. 46 4.2 Data Traffic Flow ...................................................................................................................... 60 4.3 Network Sync Flow.................................................................................................................. 61 4.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Figure 22. Data Traffic Flow ........................................................................................................60 Figure 23. Network Synchronization Flow...................................................................................61 Figure 24. Alarm flow ..................................................................................................................62 Figure 25. Loading Signal Flow......................................
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 1. Samsung LTE System Overview CHAPTER 1. Samsung LTE System Overview 1.1 Introduction to Samsung LTE System The Samsung LTE system supports 3GPP LTE (hereinafter, LTE) based services. LTE is a next generation wireless network system which solves the disadvantages of existing 3GPP mobile systems allows high-speed data service at low cost regardless of time and place.
Ver. 1.0 2600-00FKQFGA2 CHAPTER 1. Samsung LTE System Overview The figure below shows the functional distinctions between the eNB of E-UTRAN, MME, S-GW, and P-GW according to the 3GPP standard. The eNB has a layer structure and the EPC has no layer. eNB Inter Cell RRM RB Control Connection Mobility Cont.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 1. Samsung LTE System Overview The PDCP layer performs the following functions.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 1. Samsung LTE System Overview 1.2 Samsung LTE Network Configuration A Samsung LTE system consists of the eNB, LSM, and EPC. The Samsung LTE system comprising multiple eNBs and EPCs (MME, S-GW/P-GW) is a subnet of the PDN, which allows the User Equipment (UE) to access external networks. In addition, the Samsung LTE system provides the LSM and self-optimization function for operation and maintenance of eNBs. The following shows the Samsung LTE system architecture.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 1. Samsung LTE System Overview EPC The EPC is a system located between the eNB and PDN. The subcomponents of the EPC are the MME, S-GW and P-GW. MME: Processes control messages using the NAS signaling protocol with the eNB and performs control plane functions such as UE mobility management, tracking area list management, and bearer and session management.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 1. Samsung LTE System Overview Offline Charging System (OFCS) The OFCS collects offline charging information by interfacing with S-GW and P-GW. The OFCS uses the GTP’ (Gz) or Diameter (Rf) interface to interface with the S-GW and P-GW. © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview CHAPTER 2. System Overview 2.1 Introduction to System Indoor Pico Cell, an LTE eNB, is located between the UE and the EPC. It provides mobile communications services to subscribers according to the LTE air interface standard. The Indoor Pico Cell transmits/receives radio signals to/from the UE and processes the modulation and demodulation of packet traffic signals.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview 2.2 Main Functions The main functions of the Indoor Pico Cell (hereinafter, eNB) are as follows: Physical Layer Processing Call Processing Function IP Processing SON Function Easy Operation and Maintenance Availability of System Features and Functions For availability and provision schedule of the features and functions described in the system manual, please refer to separate documentations. 2.2.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is applied to each subscriber in the modulation at the transmitting side. An inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) is applied for minimizing the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) at the transmitting side, which allows continuous allocation of frequency resources available for individual subscribers. As a result, the eNB can reduce the power consumption of the UE.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview Resource Allocation and Scheduling To support multiple accesses, the eNB uses OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink. By allocating the 2-dimensional resources of time and frequency to multiple UEs without overlay, both methods enable the eNB to communicate with multiple UEs simultaneously.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview H-ARQ The H-ARQ is a retransmission method in the physical layer, which uses the stop-and-wait protocol. The eNB provides the H-ARQ function to retransmit or combine frames in the physical layer so that the effects of wireless channel environment changes or interference signal level changes can be minimized, which results in throughput improvement.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview Direction Item Description to fast movement of the UE. - Closed-loop SM: The SM that works with the Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) feedback of the UE when the UE’s channel is known or changes slow due to slow movement of the UE. Uplink UL Transmit Antenna The 1 RF chain/2Tx antenna is used; and the eNB Selection notifies the UE what Tx antenna to use.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview Handover Procedure For more information on the handover procedure, see the ‘Message Flow’ section below. Admission Control (AC) The eNB provides capacity-based admission control and QoS-based admission control for a bearer setup request from the EPC so that the system is not overloaded.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview 2.2.3 IP Processing IP QoS The eNB can provide the backhaul QoS when communicating with the EPC by supporting the Differentiated Services (DiffServ). The eNB supports 8 class DiffServ and mapping between the services classes of the user traffic received from the MS and DiffServ classes. In addition, the eNB supports mapping between the Differentiated Services Code Points (DSCP) and the 802.3 Ethernet MAC service classes.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview − Automatic software and configuration data loading − Automatic S1/X2 setup − Self-test Self-Optimization PCI auto-configuration The SON server of the LSM is responsible for allocating the initial PCI in the selfestablishment procedure of a new eNB, detecting a problem automatically, and selecting, changing, and setting a proper PCI when a PCI collision/confusion occurs with the neighbor cells during operation.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview 2.2.5 Easy Operation and Maintenance Through interworking with the management systems (LSM, Web-EMT, and CLI), the eNB provides the maintenance functions such as system initialization and restart, system configuration management, management of fault/status/diagnosis for system resources and services, management of statistics on system resources and various performance data and security management for system access and operation.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview The download and activation of a new package is performed using the Download menu and Activation menu of the LSM GUI. When upgrading the package, the service stops temporarily at the ‘change to the new package’ step because the existing process needs to be stopped so that the new process can start. Since the operating system does not need to be restarted, the service can be resumed within several minutes.
Ver. 1.0 2600-00FKQFGA2 CHAPTER 2. System Overview 2.3 Specifications Key Specifications The key specifications of the Indoor Pico Cell are as follows: Item Specifications Radio Specifications FDD LTE Operating Frequency 1.9 GHz Channel Bandwidth 5 MHz Peak Throughput (Mbps) DL: 31.7 Mbps (2x2 MIMO), UL: 10.
00-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview IEEE1588v2 Specifications The IEEE1588v2 specifications for the Indoor Pico Cell are as follows: Item Specifications Clock Source 1588 Grand Master Accuracy/Stability ±0.05 ppm (frequency) Synchronization Accuracy of IEEE1588v2 IEEE1588v2 satisfies the synchronization accuracy under the conditions defined in the ITU-T G.8261 Appendix VI two-way protocol (Test Case 12-17) and G.8271.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
Ver. 1.0 2600-00FKQFGA2 CHAPTER 2. System Overview 2.4 Intersystem Interface 2.4.1 Interface Structure The eNB provides the following interfaces for interworking between NEs. CDMA 1xRTT Iu-PS S4 S103 SGSN Gb CDMA eHRPD HSS S3 PCRF S101 S1-MME S10 LTE-Uu UE S6a MME Rx Gxc Gx S11 S1-U S5 eNB S-GW Operator’s IP Service EPC X2 SNMP/ FTP LTE-Uu UE SGi P-GW eNB LSM Figure 3.
Ver. 1.0 2600-00FKQFGA2 CHAPTER 2. System Overview 2.4.2 Protocol Stack The inter-NE protocol stack of the eNB is as follows: Protocol Stack between UE and eNB The user plane protocol layer consists of the PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY layers. The user plane is responsible for transmission of the user data (e.g. IP packets) received from the upper layer. In the User plane, all protocols are terminated in the eNB.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview Protocol Stack between eNB and EPC The eNB and the EPC are connected physically through the FE and GE method, and the connection specification should satisfy the LTE S1-U and S1-MME interface. In the user plane, the GTP-User (GTP-U) is used as the upper layer of the IP layer; and in the Control plane, the SCTP is used as the upper layer of the IP layer. The figure below shows the user plane protocol stack between the eNB and S-GW.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview Inter-eNB Protocol Stack The eNB and the eNB are connected physically through the FE and GE method, and the connection specification should satisfy the LTE X2 interface. The figure below shows the inter-eNB user plane protocol stack. User Plane PDUs User Plane PDUs GTP-U GTP-U UDP UDP IP IP L2 L2 L1 L1 eNB X2 eNB Figure 7. Inter-eNB User Plane Protocol Stack The figure below shows the control plane protocol stack.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 2. System Overview Protocol Stack between eNB and LSM The FE and GE are used for the physical connection between eNB and LSM, and the connection specifications must satisfy the FTP/SNMP interface. The figure below shows the user plane protocol stack between the eNB and LSM. FTP SNMP FTP SNMP TCP UDP TCP UDP IP IP L2 L2 L1 L1 eNB FTP/SNMP LSM Figure 9. Interface Protocol Stack between eNB and LSM © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 3. System Structure CHAPTER 3. System Structure 3.1 Hardware Structure The Indoor Pico Cell consists of LTE 7 baseband and transceiver Integrated board Assembly (L7IAs) which is the digital & RF board. The L7IA performs the functions of main controller, network interface, clock generation & distribution, and modem. The transceiver performs the Digital Up Conversion (DUC)/Digital Down Conversion (DDC), Crest Factor Reduction (CFR), linearization and DAC/ADC functions.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 3. System Structure The external interface of the Indoor Pico Cell is as follows: ANT 0 ANT 1 GPS 1 PPS 10M STS RESET B/H LMT PWR Figure 11.
Ver. 1.0 2600-00FKQFGA2 CHAPTER 3. System Structure The internal configuration of the Indoor Pico Cell is shown below. Digital Transceiver Clock IEEE1588v2 GbE Backhaul AC (100~220 V) GbE PHY SoC Modem Processor FPGA (Modem Interface) GPSR Filter/LNA Power Amp GPS PAM Antenna LNA RFIC Filter PAM RFIC AC DC 12 V Power Adapter (DC/DC) LNA Figure 12.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 3. System Structure Clock Generation and Distribution Function The L7IA is equipped with Beyond Enhanced GPS Engine Module (BEGEM) and IEEE1588v2 block. The BEGEM enables each block of the Indoor Pico Cell to operate under a synchronized clock system.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 3. System Structure Reset Function The L7IA can reset the hardware remotely. The reset command is transmitted to the system’s CPLD upon the LSM’s command, and the CPLD monitors it and resets the board power. Filter and LNA Function The L7IA includes a filter and LNA, and suppresses the out-of-band spurious wave radiation. The L7IA supports the RF path of 2Tx/2Rx.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 3. System Structure 3.2 Software Structure 3.2.1 Basic Software Structure The software of the eNB is divided into three parts: Kernel Space (OS/DD), Forwarding Space (NPC, NP) and User Space (MW, IPRS, CPS, OAM) which are described below. IPRS OAM CPS ECMB GTPB PM SNMP ECCB PDCB FM SwM SCTB RLCB CM TM TrM MACB OSAB Web-EMT IPRS IPSS CSAB MW OS DD Transport Hardware Figure 14.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 3. System Structure Device Driver (DD) The DD allows applications to operate normally on devices that are not directly controlled from the OS in the system. The DD consists of the physical DD and virtual DD. Physical DD: Provides the interface through which an upper application can configure, control, and monitor the external devices of the processor. (Switch device driver and Ethernet MAC driver, etc.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 3. System Structure 3.2.2 IPSS: Provides the QoS and security function for the IP backhaul.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 3. System Structure eNB Call Control Block (ECCB) The ECCB performs the function to control the call procedure until exit after call setup and the call processing function for the MME and neighbor eNBs.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 3. System Structure Medium Access Control Block (MACB) The MACB is the user plane call processing function of the eNB. It processes the MAC protocol.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 3. System Structure 3.2.3 OAM Blocks The Operation And Maintenance (OAM) is responsible for operation and maintenance in the eNB. The OAM is configured with PM, FM, CM, SNMP, SwM, TM, Web-EMT and OSAB. The major functions of the OAM are as follows: Performance Management (PM) PM collects and provides performance data so that the operator of the management system can determine the performance of the LTE of eNB.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 3. System Structure Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) The SNMP is an SNMP agent for supporting a standard SNMP. It performs interfacing with the upper management systems and interoperates with the internal subagents. When receiving a request for a standard MIB object from the LSM, the SNMP processes the request independently. When receiving a request for a private MIB object, it transmits the request to the corresponding internal subagent.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 3. System Structure OAM SON Agent Block (OSAB) To allow the operator of a management system to perform the LTE SON function of the eNB, the OSAB supports the automatic configuration & installation of system information, and automatic creation & optimization of a neighbor list. The OSAB operates on the master OAM board.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow CHAPTER 4. Message Flow 4.1 Call Processing Message Flow Attach Procedure The figure below shows the message flow of the Attach procedure. © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow Step 1) Description The UE performs the random access procedure (TS 36.321, 5.1) with the Indoor Pico Cell. 2)~4) The UE initializes the RRC Connection Establishment procedure (TS 36.331, 5.3.3). The UE includes the NAS ATTACH REQUEST message in the RRC RRCConnectionSetupComplete message and transmits it to the Indoor Pico Cell. 5) The Indoor Pico Cell induces the MME from the RRC factors.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow Step Description message containing the ATTCH COMPLETE to the MME. 20)~21) After receiving both of the INITIAL CONTEXT RESPONSE message at step 17) and the ATTACH COMPLETE message at step 19), the MME transmits the Modify Bearer Request message to the S-GW. The S-GW transmits the Modify Bearer Response message to the MME. S-GW can transmit the stored downlink packet. © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
Ver. 1.0 2600-00FKQFGA2 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow Service Request Initiated by the UE The message flow for service request procedure by UE is illustrated below.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow Step Description 1) The UE performs the random access procedure with the Indoor Pico Cell. 2)~4) The UE includes the SERVICE REQUEST message (NAS) in the RRC message transmitted to the Indoor Pico Cell and transmits it to the MME. 5) The Indoor Pico Cell includes the SERVICE REQUEST message in the INITIAL UE message, which is an S1-AP message, and transmits it to the MME.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow Service Request by Network The message flow for service request procedure by network is illustrated below. EPC Indoor Pico Cell UE MME 1) Downlink Data Notification 2) Downlink Data Notification 3) PAGING 4) Paging 5) S-GW Acknowledge UE triggered Service Request procedure Figure 17.
Ver. 1.0 2600-00FKQFGA2 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow Detach by UE The figure below shows the message flow of the Detach procedure initiated by the UE. EPC Indoor Pico Cell UE 1) MME ULInformationTransfer 2) UPLINK NAS TRANSPORT (DETACH REQUEST) 5) 6) S-GW 3) Delete Session Request 4) Delete Session Response DOWNLINK NAS TRANSPORT DLInformationTransfer (DETACH ACCEPT) (DETACH ACCEPT) 8) RRCConnectionRelease 7) UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND (Detach) 9) UE CONTEXT RELEASE COMPLETE Figure 18.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow Detach by the MME The figure below shows the message flow of the Detach procedure initiated by the MME.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow LTE Handover: X2 Based Handover The message flow for X2 based handover procedure is illustrated below.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow Step 1) Description The UE transmits the MessurementReport message according to the system information, standards and rules. The source Indoor Pico Cell determines whether to perform the UE handover based on the MeasurementReport message and the radio resource management information. 2) The source Indoor Pico Cell transmits the HANDOVER REQUEST message and the information required for handover to the target Indoor Pico Cell.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow LTE Handover: S1-based Handover The message flow for S1 based handover procedure is illustrated below.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow Step 1) Description The source Indoor Pico Cell determines whether to perform S1-based handover to the target Indoor Pico Cell. The source Indoor Pico Cell can make this decision if there is no X2 connection to the target Indoor Pico Cell or if an error is notified by the target Indoor Pico Cell after an X2-based handover has failed, or if the source Indoor Pico Cell dynamically receives the related information.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow Step 15) Description The S-GW transmits the Modify Bearer Response message to the MME. If the target Indoor Pico Cell changes the path for assisting packet resorting, the S-GW immediately transmits at least one ‘end marker’ packet to the previous path. 16) If any of the conditions listed in section 5.3.3.0 of TS 23.401(6) are met, the UE starts the Tracking Area Update procedure.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow 4.2 Data Traffic Flow Sending Path The user data received from the EPC passes through the network interface module and is transmitted through the Ethernet switch to the L7IA of Indoor Pico Cell. The transmitted user data goes through baseband-level digital processing, and transmitted to the transceiver part.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow 4.3 Network Sync Flow The Indoor Pico Cell supports the GPS and IEEE1588v2 synchronization method selectively. In case of the GPS synchronization, the GPS receiver (BEGEM) receives the synchronization signal from the GPS and creates clocks. The clocks are distributed by the clock generation & distribution part. In case of the IEEE1588v2 packet synchronization, the IEEE1588v2 packet is received from an external IEEE 1588v2 server for the synchronization.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow 4.4 Alarm Signal Flow An alarm is reported as an alarm signal when a fault occurs. The L7IA collects all the alarms and report them to the LSM which is the management system. Indoor Pico Cell Alarm L7IA LSM Figure 24. Alarm flow © SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow 4.5 Loading Flow Loading is the procedure through which the processors and devices of the system can download from the LSM the software executables, data, and other elements required to perform their functions. Loading the system is performed during the system initialization procedure.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 4. Message Flow 4.6 Operation and Maintenance Message Flow The operator can check and change the status of the Indoor Pico Cell through the management system. To accomplish this, the Indoor Pico Cell provides the SNMP agent function, and the LSM operator can carry out the operation and maintenance functions of the Indoor Pico Cell remotely through the SNMP. Moreover, the operator can carry out the maintenance function using the web browser.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 CHAPTER 5. Supplementary Functions and Tools CHAPTER 5. Supplementary Functions and Tools 5.1 LMT The LMT is a GUI-based console terminal. It is the tool that monitors the status of devices and performs operation and maintenance tasks by connecting directly to the Indoor Pico Cell. The operator can run the LMT using Internet Explorer, without installing separate software. The GUI is provided using the HTTPs protocol internally.
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MPE Information Warning: Exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation The radiated output power of this device is far below the FCC radio frequency exposure limits when keeping a separation distance of 100 cm from human contact. Nevertheless, the device should be used in such a manner that the potential for human contact during normal operation is minimized.
2600-00FKQFGA2 Ver. 1.0 LTE 1.9 GHz Indoor Pico Cell System Description ©2013 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Information in this manual is proprietary to SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. No information contained here may be copied, translated, transcribed or duplicated by any form without the prior written consent of SAMSUNG. Information in this manual is subject to change without notice.
