High Performance With Manageability For The Networked Enterprise P O W E R M A T E ® 8100 S E R I E S U S E R ’S GUIDE
Proprietary Notice and Liability Disclaimer The information disclosed in this document, including all designs and related materials, is the valuable property of NEC Computers Inc. (hereinafter “NECC”) and/or its licensors. NECC and/or its licensors, as appropriate, reserve all patent, copyright and other proprietary rights to this document, including all design, manufacturing, reproduction, use, and sales rights thereto, except to the extent said rights are expressly granted to others.
Contents Using This Guide Text Conventions..................................................................................... xii Related Documents ................................................................................. xiii 1 Reviewing System Features Front Features......................................................................................... 1-2 System Controls and Lamps............................................................ 1-3 IR Window........................................
2 Setting Up the System Cable Connections...................................................................................2-2 Startup.....................................................................................................2-4 Shutdown ................................................................................................2-4 Power-Saving Operation ..........................................................................2-5 System Care ..................................................
System Board Jumper Settings ...................................................... 3-47 Changing the Processor Speed .............................................. 3-48 Clearing a Password ............................................................. 3-50 Minitower Riser Board Jumper Settings ........................................ 3-51 Enabling LAN on the Minitower Riser Board........................ 3-52 Configuring the System Fan..................................................
5 Installing Options General Rules ..........................................................................................5-2 Safety Precautions ...................................................................................5-2 System Unit Cover...................................................................................5-4 Removing the Desktop Cover ..........................................................5-4 Replacing the Desktop Cover.........................................................
Diskette Drive Cabling ......................................................... 5-47 PC Card Adapter Cabling ..................................................... 5-48 Internal SCSI Device Cabling ............................................... 5-48 Network Board Wake-On LAN Cabling................................ 5-49 Installing Storage Devices............................................................. 5-49 Removing the Desktop Front Panel ...............................................
Adjust Your Monitor ..............................................................................A-7 Vary Your Workday ...............................................................................A-8 Pre-existing Conditions and Psychosocial Factors..................................A-10 Checking Your Comfort: How Do You Measure Up? ............................A-10 Checking Your Chair....................................................................A-10 Checking Your Keyboard ............................
C Questions and Answers Boot Questions .......................................................................................C-2 BIOS Questions ......................................................................................C-4 Monitor Questions ..................................................................................C-5 Multimedia Questions .............................................................................C-6 CD-ROM Drive or DVD-ROM Drive Questions ...............................
Using This Guide The PowerMate 8100 Series User’s Guide provides a comprehensive reference to information about your computer. The guide contains the following information: Chapter 1, Reviewing System Features, provides a look at the front, rear, internal, and peripheral features of the system. It also gives a summary of the system’s hardware and software, and security features. The chapter includes a quick-reference chart for finding information described more fully later in the document.
Appendix A, Setting Up a Healthy Work Environment, contains guidelines to help you use your computer productively and safely. This appendix also instructs you on how to set up and use your computer to reduce your risk of developing nerve, muscle, or tendon disorders. Prolonged or improper use of a computer workstation may pose a risk of serious injury. To reduce your risk of injury, set up and use your computer in the manner described in Appendix A, Setting Up a Healthy Work Environment.
Related Documents In addition to this guide, the following printed documentation ships with your computer. NEC PowerMate 8100 Series Quick Setup/Quick Reference The Quick Setup shows how to quickly get the system connected and powered on. The Quick Reference briefly describes the documentation, NECC tools and utilities, software applications, and services available with the NEC PowerMate® 8100 Series computer.
To purchase the service and reference manual, call NECC at 1-800-632-4525 (in the U.S. and Canada) or your local NECC sales provider (outside the U.S. and Canada). Service and reference manuals are also available from the NECC website (see Chapter 7).
1 Reviewing System Features ! Front Features ! Inside Features ! Rear Features ! Stand ! Speakers ! System Features
Prolonged or improper use of a computer workstation may pose a risk of serious injury. To reduce your risk of injury, set up and use the computer in the manner described in Appendix A, “Setting Up a Healthy Work Environment.” This chapter highlights system hardware and software, and describes the security features of the system. For more information about using system features, see Chapter 3, “Configuring the System” and Chapter 4, “Managing System Resources.
Front features - minitower models A – Diskette Drive B – CD-ROM Drive C – Stand D – IR Window E – Suspend Button F – Disk Lamp G – Disk Lamp H – Reset Button I – Power Button System Controls and Lamps System controls let you select specific system operations. Lamps let you know the status of system operation. The previous figures show the controls and lamps on the front of the system. ! Power button Press this button to turn on the system power. Press it again to turn off the power.
! Suspend button Press this button to suspend system operation when you plan to be away from your computer for a short time. Press any key or move your mouse to resume system operation at the point where you stopped it. An amber system unit power lamp indicates that the system is in a power-saving mode. If you have a VESA-compliant monitor, your monitor also goes into a power-saving mode. ! Reset button Use the reset button to restart your computer after it is powered on.
IR Window The IR (infrared) window is the system's IR port. The IR port supports two-way wireless communications. The interface uses infrared as the transmission medium instead of a traditional cable. The IR port lets you transfer files to or from portable devices such as laptops and personal digital assistant (PDA) products using application software supporting IrDA data transfer.
DVD-ROM Drive Some models come with a 5X digital video disc (DVD)-ROM drive. The drive offers many improvements over the standard CD-ROM technology, including superior video and audio playback, faster data access, and greater storage capacities. The DVD-ROM drive uses DVD technology to read DVD discs as well as standard audio and video CDs. PC Card Adapter If your system has a PC card adapter, you can add PC cards to the system.
Rear Features On the back of your computer, you'll find external connectors, power supply features, and expansion board slots. The following figures show these features.
Rear features - minitower models A – LAN Connector B – Audio Connectors C – USB Ports D – Serial Port 2 E – Keyboard Port F – Mouse Port G – Serial Port H – Printer Port I – Expansion Slots J – VGA Monitor Connector External Connectors External connectors let you attach peripheral devices, such as a monitor, keyboard, mouse, and printer to your system. Your system has the following external connectors: ! Mouse port Attach the mouse that comes with your computer to this port.
! VGA monitor connector The system comes with an AGP board connected to the system board. The AGP board provides an external VGA connector. AGP boards available from NECC support an NEC MultiSync® monitor, NEC VistaScan™ monitor, or other video graphics array (VGA)-compatible monitor with a 15-pin connector. Attach the signal cable from your monitor to the VGA connector on the AGP board. ! Printer port Use this port to connect a parallel printer with a 25-pin connector to the system.
Audio connectors - desktop models A – Line Out Jack B – Microphone In jack C – Line In Jack Audio connectors - minitower models A – Line In Jack B – Microphone In Jack 1-10 Reviewing System Features C – Line Out Jack
! Universal Serial Bus ports The Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports allow you to add new plug and play serial devices without opening up the system. You simply plug the devices into the ports. The USB determines system resources for each peripheral and assigns them without user intervention. Up to 127 devices can be daisy chained to the USB ports. ! Fax/modem ports Some systems come with a 56-kilobytes per second (Kbps) fax/modem board.
Inside Features See the following figures for the location of features within the system. Feature descriptions follow.
Inside the system - minitower models A – Expansion Slots B – Internal Device Slots C – Riser Board D – AGP Board E – System Board F – Accessible Device Slots System Board System memory, the processor, the AGP board, and the system battery reside on the system board. The system board also comes with an audio subsystem. External connectors include two serial connectors, a parallel connector, two USB ports, keyboard and mouse ports, and external audio connectors.
Riser Board Most of the cable connectors in the system reside on the riser board.
Network Board Desktop models ship with a 3Com® network board installed in a PCI slot. This board is a 10/100Base-T Ethernet board. Storage Device Support In desktop models, four storage device slots accommodate up to three accessible devices and one internal hard drive. In minitower models, six storage device slots accommodate up to four accessible devices and two internal hard drives. Intellicase Chassis The NEC Intellicase chassis conforms to the NLX form factor.
Minitower chassis stand Speakers Some systems come with a pair of high-quality stereo speakers that you can arrange to suit your work environment. An AC adapter comes with the speakers if you ordered speakers. Set up the speakers with the AC adapter. Adjust the speaker volume by using the volume control on the front of the right speaker or by using the Windows sound software. To bring up a volume control, double click the speaker icon on the taskbar (next to the system clock).
System Features Your computer hardware and software deliver the performance and technologies you need for all your challenging tasks today and into the future. Hardware The PowerMate 8100 Series includes the following hardware features: ! PC98 Compliance All the hardware in the system has been certified by Microsoft® to be PC98 compliant. ! Latest in Processor Technology The system comes with a Celeron™, Intel Pentium® II, or Intel Pentium III processor.
DIMMs function as a single bank. They can be installed in your computer individually instead of in pairs. Any combination of DIMMs is supported. DIMM speed should match the processor bus speed (66 MHz or 100 MHz). ! Motion Video Playback Controller Your motion video playback hardware gives you full-motion, fullscreen smooth-scaled video playback and supports Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) software. ! Power Management Options Power management options conserve energy and reduce power costs.
! Intel LANDesk® Client Manager Use LANDesk software to track system information such as serial number, BIOS revision number, memory capacity, disk capacity, expansion board settings, and applications. Use LANDesk software for remote starts from a server computer using Wake-On LAN and remote reboot. ! NEC Desktop SNMP Agent Use the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Agent to monitor the features, configurations, and locations of computers in your network.
NEC Driver CD The NEC Driver CD contains a wide selection of drivers for hardware that is compatible with PowerMate series computers. These drivers are provided with the original manufacturer's installation wizards to ensure correct installation. Security The system has hardware, software, and mechanical security features that offer protection against unauthorized access to your system and data.
! Security slot The security slot on the back of the minitower chassis accepts a Kensington® Security Standard connector or other locking device. Secure the locking device to the security slot and to an immovable object to protect your system from theft. ! Locking tab The minitower system also has a locking tab on the rear of the chassis. The tab fits through a slot on the rear edge of the chassis cover when the cover is on.
2 Setting Up the System ! Cable Connections ! Startup ! Shutdown ! Power-Saving Operation ! System Care ! More Information
This chapter provides the information you need to set up and use the PowerMate 8100 Series computer. Some of the information provided includes cable connections, system startup procedures, system shutdown procedures, and system care. It also provides a matrix showing where to find additional information about the computer. Cable Connections In this section you will find information on setting up your system.
! Connect the printer cable to the printer port on the rear of the system unit. Secure the cable with the screws provided. Connect the other end to the printer. ! Connect one end of the serial cable to one of the two serial ports on the rear of the computer. Secure the cable with the screws provided. Connect the other end to the serial device. ! Connect one end of the USB cable to the USB port on the rear of the computer. Connect the other end to the USB device.
Startup Press the power button to start up your system. The power lamp lights green to indicate that the system is on. The NEC startup screen appears. At the bottom of this screen, messages like the following appear: Press key if you want to run Setup Press ESC to display POST Note These messages are part of your system’s Power-On Self-Test (POST). Your computer is checking your hardware for any changes since the last startup. To see the messages displayed during POST, press ESC.
Wait until a program is finished running before powering off the system. Unless absolutely necessary, never power off the system when the system power lamp is amber or when either the hard drive lamp, diskette drive, or other device lamp is lit. Information on the device might be lost or damaged. 4. Click Start on the taskbar, then point to and click Shut Down. Selecting Shut Down gives you several choices in the pop-up submenu. Select Shut down the computer, then click Yes or press Enter for shut down.
An amber power lamp indicates that the system is in Suspend mode. Press the suspend button, press a key, or move the mouse to resume system operation where you left off. System Care Your system is a durable, dependable computer built for heavy use. With protective measures and proper care, you can prevent problems and promote the successful operation and long life span of your computer. Protecting Your System From Damage There are several ways that you can protect your system from possible damage.
If you plan to use software programs other than NECC supplied software, NECC strongly recommends that you take the necessary steps, such as virus checks, to protect your system. ! Place your computer away from direct sunlight and extreme hot and cold temperatures. The recommended operating environment is from 50°F to 95°F (10°C to 35°C). The recommended non-operating environment (shipping or storage) is from 14°F to 158°F (-10°C to 70°C).
! Clean the monitor screen with a glass cleaner and wipe it with a clean, lint-free cloth. You may use wet/dry cleaning pads manufactured for monitor screens. Moving or Shipping Your System Use these steps to prepare your system for moving or shipping: 1. Back up the files on the hard drive to diskettes, Zip disks, or tape cartridges. Be sure to take precautions for storing and transporting Zip disks, diskettes, or tape cartridges so that they are not exposed to magnetic fields or electrical impulses.
! Upgrade your system with more memory, a storage device, or a faster processor. See Chapter 5, “Installing Options.” See the following quick reference chart to find information about using the computer.
3 Configuring the System ! Configuration Tools and Utilities ! BIOS Setup Utility ! Flash Utility ! NEC Select Install CD ! NEC Help Center Online Documentation ! NEC Driver CD ! Jumper Settings
This chapter provides information on configuring your computer. It includes information about the BIOS Setup utility for configuring hardware and the system, the Flash utility for BIOS updates, the NEC Select Install CD for software reinstalls, the NEC Driver CD for installing optional drivers, and jumper settings for physically configuring devices in the system. See the following table for a quick guide to the utilities, tools, or procedures required in configuring the system.
Configuration Tools and Utilities Configuration Method, Tool, or Utility drivers for NECC hardware, installing NEC Driver CD hard drive, configuring as master or slave, primary or secondary BIOS Setup (Advanced menu) hard drive, reformatting NEC Select Install CD hard drive, repartioning NEC Select Install CD hard drive, setting a pre-delay BIOS Setup (Advanced menu) hard drive, subjecting to power management BIOS Setup (Power menu) hardware, adding BIOS Setup (Advanced menu) Healthy Environ
Configuration Tools and Utilities Configuration Method, Tool, or Utility password, setting or clearing (user, administrator, or both) BIOS Setup (Security menu) Plug and Play, enabling BIOS Setup (Advanced menu) power management, enabling, configuring BIOS Setup (Power menu) processor speed, changing BIOS Setup (Maintenance menu) reminders to back up the system BIOS Setup (Boot menu) reminders to run virus scan BIOS Setup (Boot menu) serial ports, enabling BIOS Setup (Advanced menu) software
System configuration information is stored in nonvolatile memory. A nonvolatile memory device retains its data when system power is turned off. Nonvolatile memory in your system is stored in a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip backed up by a battery on the system board. The battery supplies continuous power to CMOS memory and maintains configuration information when system power is off (see “Battery Replacement” in Chapter 6).
Setup Main menu How to Use BIOS Setup Use the keys shown on the bottom of the Setup menu to make your selections or exit the current menu. The following table describes the navigation keys. Navigation Keys Key Function F1 Provides help for the parameter field being displayed. Esc Exits the menu. Enter Executes Command or brings up a submenu. ← or → arrow keys Moves cursor up and down. ↑ or ↓ arrow keys Selects next menu.
Navigation Keys Key Function F9 Loads the Default Configuration values for this menu. F10 Saves changes and Exits the BIOS Setup utility. -/+ Change values Menu items preceded by > contain a submenu of selectable fields for setting system parameters. To display a submenu, use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the submenu you want. Then press Enter. Maintenance Menu The Maintenance Menu only appears when the system board has been jumpered for Configure mode.
Maintenance Menu Items Menu Item Settings and Description Processor Speed 233 MHz, 266 MHz, 300 MHz, 333 MHz, 366 MHz, 350 MHz, 400 MHz, 450 MHz, 500 MHz, 600 MHz Sets processor speed. Clear All Passwords [Enter] Clears the User and Supervisor passwords. Press Enter to bring up dialog box asking for confirmation to clear passwords. Main Menu The BIOS Setup utility usually comes up displaying the Main Menu. If BIOS is displaying another menu, choose the Main Menu by selecting Main in the legend bar.
Main Menu Items Menu Item Settings (default is bold) and Description Processor Speed This field is read-only and cannot be changed from the BIOS Setup utility. Example: 233 MHz Cache RAM This field is read-only and cannot be changed from the BIOS Setup utility. Example: 512 KB System Memory This field is read-only and cannot be changed from the BIOS Setup utility. Example: 192 MB Memory Bank 0 Memory Bank 1 Memory Bank 2 These fields are read-only and cannot be changed from the BIOS Setup utility.
Main Menu Items Menu Item Settings (default is bold) and Description System Time Set system time in this field. Press Tab or Enter to move between hour, minute, and second fields. The clock keeps time even after the system power is turned off. Example: 09:30:00 System Date Set system date in this field. Press Tab or Enter to move between month, date, and year fields. Example: 03/22/1999 (American) 22/03/1999 (European) Advanced Menu The Advanced Menu is a top-level menu in the BIOS Setup utility.
Advanced Menu Items Menu Item Settings (default is bold) and Description Plug and Play O/S No, Yes The default for systems running Windows NT operating system is No and for systems running Windows 95 operating system is Yes. With a No setting, BIOS configures all devices. With a Yes setting, the operating system configures any Plug and Play device not required when the system boots (presumes a Plug and Play operating system).
Advanced Menu Items Menu Item Interrupt Settings (default is bold) and Description IRQ3, IRQ4 An asterisk (‘*’) displayed next to an interrupt indicates a conflict with another device. Only appears if Serial Port A is Enabled. Serial Port B: Enabled, Auto, IrDA, Disabled The default setting for Serial Port B supports the hardware shipped in your system (i.e., if your system shipped with a fax/modem board, Serial Port B defaults to “Disabled”).
Advanced Menu Items Menu Item Base I/O Address Settings (default is bold) and Description 278, 378, 3BC, 228 An asterisk (‘*’) displayed next to an address indicates a conflict with another device. Only appears if Parallel Port is Enabled. Interrupt IRQ7, IRQ5 An asterisk (‘*’) displayed next to an interrupt indicates a conflict with another device. This option only appears if Parallel Port is set to Enabled.
Advanced Menu Items Menu Item Hard Disk Pre-Delay Settings (default is bold) and Description Disabled, 3 seconds, 6 seconds, 9 seconds, 12 seconds, 15 seconds, 21 seconds, 30 seconds The hard disk pre-delay gives the hard drive time to spin up before the system boots. Set a hard disk predelay if your hard drive needs more time to spin up.
Advanced Menu Items Menu Item Settings (default is bold) and Description Heads When Type is Auto, value in Heads field is autodetected and field is read only. Sectors When Type is Auto, value in Sectors field is autodetected and field is read only. Maximum Capacity Displays capacity in MB. When Type is set to Auto, the value in the Maximum Capacity field is computed from the auto-detected values in Cylinders, Heads, and Sectors, and the field is read only.
Advanced Menu Items Menu Item Ultra DMA Settings (default is bold) and Description Disabled, Mode 0, Mode 1, Mode 2 When Type is set to Auto, the value in the Ultra DMA field is auto-detected and the field is read only. Floppy Options Floppy disk controller Bring up submenu by pressing Enter. Enabled, Disabled This field enables the diskette drive interface connector on the riser board. Diskette A: Disabled 360 KB 5 1/4" 1.2 MB 5 1/4" 720 KB 3 1/2" 1.44/1.25 MB 3 1/2" 2.
Advanced Menu Items Menu Item Event logging Settings (default is bold) and Description Disabled, Enabled Enabled allows the logging of DMI events. Prompt on POST errors Enabled, Disabled ECC Event Logging Disabled, Enabled When this field is set to Enabled and errors are detected during POST, the POST pauses and prompts the user for input. This menu item is only displayed when ECC DIMMs are detected.
Advanced Menu Items Menu Item Settings (default is bold) and Description Resource Configuration Bring up the submenu by pressing Enter. IRQ3 IRQ4 IRQ5 IRQ7 IRQ10 IRQ11 IRQ14 ** IRQ15 ** Available, Reserved Memory hole Disabled, Conventional, Extended An Available setting for any IRQ indicates that that IRQ is available on the system. A Reserved setting indicates that that IRQ is reserved for use by Legacy ISA devices. ** This option appears only if the secondary IDE channel is disabled.
Security Menu The Security Menu is a top-level menu in the BIOS Setup utility. Choose the Security Menu by selecting Security in the legend bar. Security Menu options are available by selecting submenus. Use the arrow keys to select a Security Menu option. Press Enter to display the submenu. Items with grayed-out text are not changeable from the submenu. Explanations of each Security Menu option and suboption appear in the following table. The options in this menu control access to your system.
Security Menu Items Menu Item Settings (default is bold) and description Set Supervisor Password [Enter] Use this field to set or change the supervisor password. Press Enter to bring up a dialog box where the password can be entered and confirmed. Clear User Password [Enter] Press Enter to clear the user password when logged on as Supervisor.
Power Menu The Power Menu is a top-level menu in the BIOS Setup utility. Choose the Power Menu by selecting Power in the legend bar. Power Menu options are available by selecting submenus. Use the arrow keys to select a Power Menu option. Press Enter to display the submenu. Items with grayed-out text are not changeable from the submenu. Explanations of each option and suboption appear in the following table.
Boot Menu The Boot Menu is a top-level menu in the BIOS Setup utility. Choose the Boot Menu by selecting Boot in the legend bar. Boot Menu options are available by selecting submenus. Use the arrow keys to select a Boot Menu option. Press Enter to display the submenu. Items with grayed-out text are not changeable from the submenu. Explanations of each Boot Menu option and suboption appear in the following table.
Boot Menu Items Menu Item Settings (default is bold) and description After Power Failure Power On, Stay Off, Last State When After Power Failure is set to Power On, the system powers on after a power failure. With the Stay Off setting, the system does not power on after a power failure. With the Last State setting the system powers on only if it was powered on when the power failure occurred.
Boot Menu Items Menu Item Settings (default is bold) and description First Boot Device Second Boot Device Third Boot Device Fourth Boot Device Fifth Boot Device Select a boot device from the option list with the up or down arrow; press the plus (+) or minus (-) key to change the device’s boot order. The Fifth Boot Device option only appears when an Intel Pro 100 LAN board is installed in the system.
Exit Menu The Exit Menu is a top-level menu in the BIOS Setup utility. Choose the Exit Menu by selecting Exit in the legend bar. Exit Menu options are available by selecting submenus. Use the arrow keys to select an Exit Menu option. Press Enter to display the submenu. Items with grayed-out text are not changeable from the submenu. Explanations of each Exit Menu option and suboption appear in the following table.
5. When the menu asks you to enter a path/filename, use the arrow keys to select the “.bio” file and press Enter. 6. The utility asks for a confirmation that you want to load the new flash into memory. Select Continue with Programming. 7. After the upgrade completes, remove the diskette. 8. Reboot the system and start the Setup program. Press F9 to reset the BIOS defaults. Use the recorded Setup selections you made at the beginning of this procedure to set the parameters.
The OS Restore and Selective Application Restore programs use easy-tounderstand dialog boxes and screen messages so you can smoothly proceed through the restore process. Note The computer also comes with the NEC Driver CD, which contains the drivers delivered on the system and full suite of optional drivers that are compatible with hardware options offered by NECC. See “NEC Driver CD” for information about installing or restoring drivers.
The Selective Application Restore takes place after the Windows OS has booted. It lets you choose the application software or documentation to install. Use this program to restore selected applications from the CD after rebuilding your hard drive, or at any time to install a software package that came on the NEC Select Install CD. See the section called “Installing Applications.” If possible, back up your data before performing an OS restore.
The following sections explain how to use the NEC Select Install CD to rebuild and restore the system. See “Auto Rebuild and Restore” to repartition and reformat your hard drive with the OS restore. See “Custom Rebuild and Restore” for more options when you repartition and/or reformat your hard drive with the OS restore. After performing an OS restore that also repartitions and/or reformats your hard drive, run a Selective Application Restore to reinstall any application that came with your system.
Welcome screen 2. Click Continue to continue (or Exit to exit the program). A License Agreement screen appears with three options: Back, Reject, and Accept. 3. Read the license agreement and click Accept to continue. The Restore Mode screen appears with four options: Back, Auto, Custom, and Fix OS. Click Custom or Auto to repartition and/or reformat your hard drive before reinstalling the operating system.
5. The Partition Information screen that appears in Windows 95 or Windows 98 has three options (Back, FAT 16, and FAT 32) and lets you select the File Allocation Table (FAT) type you want to use for the operating system restore: ! Click Back to return to the Operating Mode screen. ! Click FAT 16 to select the FAT16 allocation table (current FAT type). ! Click FAT 32 to select the FAT32 allocation table (Windows 95 and Windows 98 only).
This completes the Auto Rebuild and Restore procedure. To reinstall any of the applications or device drivers that came with the computer, follow the procedures in “Installing Applications.” To install device drivers that did not come with your computer, follow the procedures in “NEC Driver CD.” Custom Rebuild and Restore To perform a custom OS Restore with choices on repartitioning and/or reformatting the hard drive, boot the system from the Select Install CD.
Welcome screen 2. Click Continue to continue (or Exit to exit the program). A License Agreement screen appears with three options: Back, Reject, and Accept. 3. Read the license agreement and click Accept to continue. The Restore Mode screen appears with four options: Back, Auto, Custom, and Fix OS. Click Custom or Auto to repartition and reformat your hard drive before reinstalling the operating system.
5. If you want to partition the hard drive, go to step 7. Otherwise, click Skip on the Partitioning the Hard Drive screen to retain the present partition structure on the hard drive. The Format Mode screen appears with four options: Back, Quick, Full, and Exit. 6. ! Click Back to return to the Partition Information screen. ! Click Quick to do a quick hard drive format. ! Click Full to do a full hard drive format. ! Click Exit to terminate the restore process.
Some older software may not work in a Windows 95 or Windows 98 system configured for FAT 32. In Windows NT 4.0 systems, the Partition Information screen does not appear. Instead, the FAT16 Partition warning appears. This screen is described in the following paragraph. 8. After you select the FAT type, a warning screen appears indicating that the system is about to partition and format your hard drive using the FDISK program. This warning screen contains three options: Back, Exit, and Continue.
Restoring the Operating System Follow these steps to restore the operating system to a state for retrieving and backing up data without repartitioning or reformatting the hard drive. Once all data is backed up, perform another OS Restore using the Auto or Custom options. The Auto and Custom OS Restore programs delete all the data on your hard drive. If possible, back up your data before performing an OS Restore with these options. 1.
2. Click Continue to continue (or Exit to exit the program). A License Agreement screen appears with three options: Back, Reject, and Accept. 3. Read the license agreement and click Accept to continue. The Restore Mode screen appears with four options: Back, Auto, Custom, and Fix OS. Click Fix OS to only reinstall the operating system while leaving applications and data files intact (in Windows 95 or Windows 98 systems). 4. Click Fix OS to do a basic operating system restore. The Fix OS screen appears.
Some or all applications might not exhibit full functionality after the Fix OS is performed. To restore the system to its factory-installed state, perform another OS restore using the Auto or Custom option. Using the Fix OS option repetitively without using the Auto or Custom option afterward might cause unpredictable results. See the next section, “Installing Applications” for instructions on using the NEC Selective Application Install program.
NEC Selective Application Restore window 3. Double click one or more entry in the list of applications and online documents. A check mark should appear to the left of each entry that is double clicked. To deselect an entry, double click it again so that the check mark disappears. 4. Click OK. The application files reload sequentially, and a progress bar appears for each application selected. 5. When the installation completes, choose Restart. Remove the CD from the CD-ROM drive.
In addition, after the Selective Application Restore process completes, you can reinstall any personal applications. These applications are not on the NEC Select Install CD and must be reinstalled after the Selective restore process completes. Using the NEC Select Install CD with a SCSI Drive If a situation arises in SCSI configurations where a full operating system restore must be performed using the NEC Select Install CD, first boot the system from the bootable diskette.
3. Do a map connection to the shared CD-ROM drive. ! From the system with the shared CD-ROM drive, double click My Computer and right click on the CD-ROM drive. (For example, right click on E: if the shared CD-ROM drive is designated as drive E.) ! In the popup menu, right click on Sharing. The Properties screen appears. ! In the Properties screen, click Shared As. ! On Windows 95 or Windows 98 systems, type a name in the Share Name field. (For example, type CD-ROM in the field.
NEC Selective Restore window Note 8. To install additional drivers, see “NEC Driver CD.” Select the applications or drivers you want to install by double clicking on the item box or line. A check mark appears in the box. To unselect an item, double click it again so that the check mark disappears. 9. Click OK. The application, driver, or documentation files load sequentially, and a progress bar appears for each application selected. 10.
NEC Help Center Online Documentation NECC has provided an online version of this user’s guide with the NEC Help Center. The Help Center comes on the NEC Select Install CD. It’s easy to install using the Selective Application Restore program, and it provides immediate access to all the information provided with your computer. To configure your system to use the NEC Help Center, first install Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.01 (comes preloaded on systems with Windows 98).
Uninstalling the NEC Help Center To uninstall the NEC Help Center, use these steps. 1. Access the C:\Program Files\nechlpct directory. 2. Double click the Unwise.exe icon. All files related to the NEC Help Center and the C:\Program Files\nechlpct directory are removed from the system. To reinstall the NEC Help Center, use the NEC Select Install CD and follow the instructions in “Installing the NEC Help Center.” NEC Driver CD Your system comes with an NEC Driver CD.
3. Access the subdirectory that corresponds to the driver you wish to install. 4. Double click the setup.exe icon corresponding to the driver you wish to install. When you run a setup.exe program, do not select and install drivers for any hardware that is not currently installed on the system. Doing so can damage the operating system. 5. Follow the prompts in the installation wizard to install the driver. 6. Repeat steps 1 through 5 for each driver you wish to install. 7.
! Double click the Network icon. ! Click the File and Print Sharing button. ! Click the top box (“I want to be able to give others access to my files”) so a check mark appears. ! Click OK. The driver installs and the system reboots. 3. Insert the NEC Driver CD into the shared CD-ROM drive. 4. Do a map connection to the shared CD-ROM drive. ! From the system with the shared CD-ROM drive, double click My Computer and right click on the CD-ROM drive.
When you run a setup.exe program, do not select and install drivers for any hardware that is not currently installed on the system. Doing so can damage the operating system. 10. Follow the prompts in the installation wizard to install the driver. 11. Restart the computer to ensure that the installation process completes successfully. Jumper Settings Some devices in the system have pins that must be jumpered according to way the device is used in your computer, or the way your system is configured.
Jumpers are set correctly at the factory for your configuration. If your system requires a jumper change, change only the setting for that condition. Otherwise, keep the jumpers at their factory settings. The following figure shows jumper locations on the system board. Locating system board jumper Changing the Processor Speed To change the processor speed in the BIOS Setup utility, the system must be jumpered for Configure mode. In this mode, the system enters the Maintenance menu when it is restarted.
Access the BIOS Setup utility and record your customized settings. See “BIOS Setup Utility.” Starting the system in Configure mode resets BIOS settings to their factory defaults. Before jumpering the system for Configure mode, write down any customized BIOS settings. When the system is started in Normal mode, press F2 to bring up the BIOS Setup utility. Recustomize your BIOS settings. 1. Power off and unplug the system and any external options. Remove the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”).
10. Move the J5G1 jumper back to pins 1 and 2 so the system can restart in normal operation mode. 11. Replace the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”). Connect system power cables and external options. 12. Power on the system and launch the BIOS Setup utility before POST and recustomize your BIOS settings. Clearing a Password If you forget your password, use the following procedure to clear your current password and to set a new one. NECC recommends using needlenose pliers to move a jumper.
3. Locate the J5G1 jumper block on the system board (see “System Board Jumper Settings”). Move the jumper to pins 2 and 3. This jumper setting brings the system up in Configure mode when it is rebooted. 4. Replace the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”). Connect system power cables and external options. 5. Power on the system. The BIOS Setup utility launches immediately after POST, and no password is required. The Maintenance menu is active. 6. Select the Clear All Passwords field.
Locating minitower riser board jumpers Enabling LAN on the Minitower Riser Board The minitower riser board supports LAN with the 3Com ASIC chip and an external LAN connector. Jumpers on block JP7 of the riser board control riser board LAN as follows: ! Enabled, pins 1-2 jumpered (the default) ! Disabled, pins 2-3 jumpered. Do not move the jumpers on JP7 before first powering off the system, unplugging the system, and waiting at least 5 seconds.
Configuring the System Fan The minitower system can be configured for a 2-wire or 3-wire fan by jumpering block JP3 as follows: ! 2-wire fan, pins 1-2 jumpered (the default) ! 3-wire fan, pins 2-3 jumpered. Hard Drive Jumper Settings Hard drive jumpering varies according to the particular model in the system and how that model is configured. The following subsections provide jumper settings for Seagate Barracuda, and Quantum Viking drives.
Quantum Viking The Quantum Viking SCSI drive uses jumper blocks A3, A2, A1, and A0 to configure the SCSI ID for the drive. See the documentation that comes with the drive for more information on when to configure the drive. The SCSI ID jumpering is listed below.
! MA: Master Select jumper — Enabled, pin 3 jumpered (factory default) — Disabled, pin 3 open Zip Drive Jumpers The three-position jumper block for the Zip drive is located on the rear of the drive. This description applies when the rear of the drive is viewed with the IDE connector to the left of the jumper block, and the power connector to the right.
4 Managing System Resources ! System Management Tools ! LANDesk Client Manager ! Cheyenne Backup ! NEC Security ! NEC SNMP Agent ! NEC WebTelligent ! NEC Configuration Change Notification ! NEC Auto Backup Utility
This chapter provides information about the software tools and utility programs on the system that can be used to manage local or networked resources. These include LANDesk Client Manager, the NEC SNMP Agent, NEC Security, and NEC WebTelligent™ for managing networked systems. It also describes the utilities that monitor the system for unusual behavior, including Cheyenne Backup utility, the NEC Auto Backup utility, and the NEC Configuration Change Notification.
System Management Tools and Utilities Management Activity Method, Tool, or Utility hard drive, monitoring NEC Configuration Change Notification (CCN) hardware monitoring (for chassis intrusion) LANDesk Client Manager IRQs, setting remotely LANDesk Client Manager logging events NEC WebTelligent memory, displaying, monitoring LANDesk Client Manager NEC SNMP Agent NEC Configuration Change Notification model number, monitoring NEC SNMP Agent network board, monitoring LANDesk Client Manager passw
LANDesk Client Manager LANDesk® Client Manager (LDCM) is a software program that uses the Desktop Management Interface (DMI) standard to manage components (network interface cards, memory, software applications) within a client or remote PC system. It provides features for managing the resources of a local PC and can be used by system administrators to manage groups of computer systems. Install LANDesk Client Manager from the NEC Select Install CD.
! detect changes to CPU, memory, and hard drive characteristics and alert you to these changes (Configuration Change Notification) ! transfer files to and from client workstations ! remotely reboot client workstations. There are two main components of Client Manager: PC Health Indicator and Inventory. PC Health Indicator PC health indicator consists of three parts: ! managing workstations ! selecting the PC Health meter ! monitoring PC Health.
Monitoring PC Health PC health can be determined by monitoring various system components for threshold levels. Some of the components that are monitored include: ! drive space ! prediction of hard drive failure (Smart Hard Drive failure prediction) ! free virtual memory ! temperatures ! power supplies ! chassis opened ! GDI used ! non-critical boot failure ! boot virus detection.
! network ! applications ! system files ! user information. You can also view the current system configuration, edit user information, and create or restore file snapshots. DMI As a part of the LANDesk Client Manager, the Desktop Management Interface (DMI) is the standard interface used to manage system components on the computer. Examples of system components are network interface cards and software applications.
! Current readings are displayed for temperature, power supply voltages, and chassis state. ! Interrupts can be detected when “out of range” conditions occur. User prompts are displayed to alert the user to a potentially harmful condition. Using the Chassis Intrusion Notification Feature LANDesk Client Manager allows you to monitor your system against chassis intrusion.
LDCM Admin Function The following information is for System Administrator use in administrating local area networks. This information applies to systems that are configured for Windows 95 or Windows 98 or Windows NT. The LANDesk Client Manager (LDCM) Admin function is installed on the C drive of your computer when LANDesk Client Manager is installed from the NEC Select Install CD. For information on installing LANDesk Client Manager, see “Installing Applications” in Chapter 3.
NEC Security On systems that run the Windows 95 or Windows 98 operating system, NEC Security features allow a local user to change NEC Security passwords and enable a system administrator to control local machine devices, including printer ports, serial ports, and diskette drives. Note The NEC Security password is different from the password(s) that can be set through the BIOS Setup utility. Install NEC Security from the NEC Select Install CD.
Installing the NEC SNMP Agent Install the NEC SNMP Agent software on a system with the Windows 98, Windows 95, or Windows NT operating system as follows. Do not install both the NEC SNMP Agent and LANDesk Client Manager on a computer that is running the Windows NT operating system. The two applications are incompatible. If both are installed, neither application can be removed using the uninstall utility. To remove them, a full restore must be performed. 1.
! Permitted Managers — Limits the set of SNMP management applications that can access this computer to those with the IP or IPX addresses that the user provides. ! Traps for “Public” Community — Limits the set of computers that receive traps from this computer to those with the IP or IPX addresses that the user provides. Note For an SNMP management console, such as the NEC SNMP Desktop Manager and HP OpenView, IP addresses (for example, 157.123.176.
4. At the Select Network Services screen, highlight SNMP Service, and click OK. 5. At the Microsoft SNMP Properties screen, set three properties: ! Security — Limits the set of computers than can perform SNMP management on this computer to those in the community and/or specific computer names the user provides. ! Traps — Limits the set of computers that receive traps from this computer to those in the community and/or specific computer names the user provides.
The administrator can perform WebTelligent account and asset management, monitor the “health” of networked systems, and receive alert notifications from managed clients. NEC WebTelligent is an easy-to-use web-based graphical user interface that runs on the Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer browsers (see the following figure). NEC WebTelligent NEC WebTelligent Features NEC WebTelligent provides the administrator with the following features and benefits.
! System Health Monitoring — Set threshold limits for voltage and system temperature — Generate alert for high voltage, temperature, or fan speed — Generate alert for chassis intrusion ! Session Management — Online help — View system and log events ! Security — Intranet user authentication — Chassis intrusion monitoring ! Reduced Costs — WebTelligent is free with the purchase of an NEC PowerMate Managed desktop computer — WebTelligent is available as a free download from the NECC website (www.
— Microsoft Windows NT with Netscape FastTrack Server version 2.0 or later or Netscape Enterprise version 3.01 or later ! One or more Internet Browsers — Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 or later — Netscape Navigator Gold 3.03 or later — Netscape Communicator 4.0 or later ! TCP/IP. WebTelligent works with networked desktop computers having the following minimum configuration: ! Intel Pentium microprocessor ! 32 MB of random access memory ! Microsoft Windows 95 or Windows 98 or Windows NT 4.
! At the Control Panel, double click Personal Web Server. ! In Personal Web Server, click the Administration tab. ! In Administration, click Administration to start your web browser. If the web browser does not start, click the Startup tab, click Start, click the Administration tab, and click Administration to start the browser. 3. Install the NEC WebTelligent software using the NEC Select Install CD. Insert the NEC Select Install CD into the CD-ROM drive. Click Cancel in the screen. 4.
7. Open and configure WebTelligent as follows. Note LDCM 3.32027 must be installed on every client. ! At a managed desktop computer, start a web browser. ! Set the URL to the web server’s machine name (for example: http://PowerMate-A). ! At the Login screen (see the following screen), enter the username and password as follows. — At the username field, type Admin — At the password field, type Admin Note that Admin must use a capital A and that the password can be changed after the first login.
! Double click the Network icon on the WebTelligent screen and click on the domain name to locate the desktop being managed. ! Click on the desktop to be managed. ! A Workstation screen opens to display a summary of the workstation attributes. ! When finished, click File and click Close to go back to the Windows screen. NEC WebTelligent Control Screen NEC Configuration Change Notification NEC Configuration Change Notification is an application that runs as Windows starts.
NEC Auto Backup Utility The NEC Auto Backup utility works with LANDesk Client Manager and Cheyenne Backup to detect predicted hard drive failures and to automatically back up the data from the failing drive. The utility only works with SMART hard drives and it requires both LANDesk Client Manager and Cheyenne Backup to function. The Auto Backup utility runs from the Startup group on the Windows Start menu. The utility has some configuration options that are accessible through the system tray icon.
5 Installing Options ! General Rules ! Safety Precautions ! System Unit Cover ! Chassis Floor ! System Board Options ! Expansion Boards ! Data Storage Devices
Your computer supports a variety of industry-standard and NECC expansion options. This chapter provides installation instructions for system board upgrades including a memory module upgrade, AGP board replacement, and a processor upgrade. In addition, it provides instructions for adding expansion boards and installing data storage devices. All options require that the system cover be removed. Procedures for removing the cover are included in this chapter.
Before removing the system unit cover, turn off the power and unplug the system power cable. Power is removed only when the power cable is unplugged. Static electricity and improper installation procedures can damage computer components. Protect computer components by following these safety instructions. Electrostatic discharge can damage computer components. Discharge static electricity by touching a metal object before removing the system unit cover. ! Avoid carpets in cool, dry areas.
System Unit Cover The following sections describe how to remove and replace the system unit cover. Removing the Desktop Cover The following procedure describes how to remove the desktop cover. Before removing the system unit cover, turn off the power and unplug the system power cable. Power is removed only when the power cable is unplugged. Note If the cover is removed, LANDesk Client Manager logs the intrusion and reports it in a screen message the next time the system is booted.
Loosening desktop cover screws A – Thumbscrews 4. From the rear of the system, grasp the sides and slide the cover about an inch away from the front. Note The cover fits tightly. Press the front edge of the cover to release it from the front panel. Also, press against the rear panel to slide the cover one inch away from the front panel. Releasing the desktop cover 5. Lift the cover up and away from the system unit.
Replacing the Desktop Cover Replace the desktop cover as follows. To prevent damage to system cables, carefully tuck the cables out of the path of the cover. 1. Position the cover over the chassis with its front edge about one inch behind the front of the chassis. Replacing the desktop cover 2. Lower the cover onto the chassis taking care to align the tabs on the sides of the cover with the inside unit frame. 3. Slide the cover forward to meet the front panel. Note The cover fits tightly.
Removing the Minitower Cover The following procedure describes how to remove the minitower cover. Before removing the system unit cover, turn off the power and unplug the system power cable. Power is removed only when the power cable is unplugged. Note If the cover is removed, LANDesk Client Manager logs the intrusion and reports it in a screen message the next time the system is booted. This message appears every time the system is rebooted until the report is cleared.
Loosening minitower cover screws A – Thumbscrews 6. Slide the cover back about one-half inch; if necessary, anchor one hand on the rear of the system unit as you slide the cover. 7. Lift up at the top of the cover to release the cover tabs from the chassis.
Releasing the minitower cover 8. Pull the cover up until it comes free of the chassis. Replacing the Minitower Cover Replace the minitower cover as follows. 1. Position the cover over the system unit. The front edge of the cover should be about one-half inch behind the front edge of the chassis. 2. Fit the cover into the chassis, making sure that the tabs along the lower left edge of the cover are aligned with the securing rail on the edge of the chassis.
Replacing the minitower cover A – Cover Tabs (under cover) B – Securing Rail (behind panel) 3. C – Cover Tabs (under cover) D – Securing Rail (behind panel) Slide the cover forward to meet the securing rail behind front panel. Note The cover fits tightly. If the cover does not slide all the way to the front panel, place one hand on the front of the unit while you slide the cover forward from the rear. 5-10 4. Secure the cover with the three thumbscrews (see “Removing the Minitower Cover”). 5.
Chassis Floor Before replacing the system board or expansion boards, remove the minitower chassis floor. The chassis floor and the stand are usually removed as a unit. Removing the Chassis Floor To remove the minitower chassis floor, perform the following steps. (Do not remove the stand from the floor before removing the floor. Unless stated otherwise, these instructions should be performed with the stand attached to the minitower chassis floor.) 1.
4. Slide the floor back about one-half inch along the chassis. 5. Once the floor tabs are free of the slots in the chassis, lift the floor away from the chassis. Removing the chassis floor A – Slots B – Chassis Floor C – Tabs (behind chassis floor) Replacing the Chassis Floor To replace the minitower chassis floor, proceed as follows. 5-12 1. Place the system unit on its right side. 2. Line up the chassis floor with the chassis so its untabbed edge is along the lower (right) edge of the chassis.
Removing the Stand Unless there is a specific need to remove the stand from the minitower chassis floor (if the system is being packed for shipment, for example), keep the stand attached to the chassis floor. To remove the stand, use the following steps. Keep the system unit in the stand unless the computer is being prepared for shipment. The stand is designed to keep the unit from tipping over. 1. Remove the minitower cover (see “Removing the Minitower Cover”). 2.
Replacing the Stand To replace the stand, use the following steps. To prevent tipping, always place the system unit back in its stand before using the computer. 1. Place the system unit over the stand with its front edge about one-half inch behind the front of the stand. Align the tabs on the stand with the slots on the floor of the chassis. Aligning the system unit with the stand 5-14 2. Slide the system unit forward to lock the tabs in the slots. 3.
System Board Options This section describes how to remove and replace the system board. It also describes how to change options on the system board. Procedures described in this chapter include: ! adding an AGP board ! adding memory modules ! upgrading the processor ! replacing the system board. The following figure shows the locations of the sockets and connectors on the system board.
AGP Board The system board contains one accelerated graphics port (AGP) for installing AGP-compatible graphics boards. The following sections describe how to remove and replace an AGP board in your system. Removing the AGP Board To remove an AGP board option in your system, use the following steps. 1. Remove the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”). 2.
Removing the AGP board in the minitower A – AGP Board Screw B – AGP Board Replacing the AGP Board To replace an AGP board option in your system, use the following steps. Note If you are installing a PCI video board, use the installation procedures for an expansion board (see “Expansion Board Installation”). 1. Remove the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”). 2. Remove the screw on the rear of the chassis and carefully install the graphics board in the AGP slot. 3.
Adding Video Memory Some AGP boards can be upgraded from 4 MB to 8 MB with the addition of a 4-MB video memory module. Use the following guidelines to upgrade video memory. 1. If upgrading an existing graphics board, remove the board. See “Removing the AGP Board.” 2. Place the memory module at an angle in the empty memory socket on the graphics board. Make sure the notches on the module align with the keys in the socket. 3. Press the module firmly into the socket. 4.
DIMM Speed to Processor Speed Processor Speed DIMM Speed and Processor Bus Speed 333 MHz and below 66 MHz 350 MHz and above 100 MHz Supported DIMMs DIMM Size Non-ECC Configuration ECC Configuration 32 MB 4 Mbit x 64 4 Mbit x 72 64 MB 8 Mbit x 64 8 Mbit x 72 128 MB 16 Mbit x 64 16 Mbit x 72 Sample DIMM Upgrade Paths* DIMM 1 DIMM 2 DIMM 3 Total Memory 32 MB Empty Empty 32 MB 16 MB 16 MB Empty 32 MB 16 MB 16 MB 16 MB 48 MB 16 MB 16 MB 32 MB 64 MB 16 MB 32 MB 32 MB 80 MB
Sample DIMM Upgrade Paths* DIMM 1 DIMM 2 DIMM 3 Total Memory 16 MB 32 MB 128 MB 166 MB 16 MB 32 MB 128 MB 176 MB 64 MB 64 MB 64 MB 192 MB 32 MB 32 MB 128 MB 192 MB 32 MB 64 MB 128 MB 224 MB 64 MB 64 MB 128 MB 256 MB 128 MB 128 MB Empty 256 MB 16 MB 128 MB 128 MB 272 MB 32 MB 128 MB 128 MB 288 MB 64 MB 128 MB 128 MB 320 MB 128 MB 128 MB 128 MB 384 MB *The information in this table shows sample DIMM upgrade paths; it does not represent every combination of DIMMs
Removing a DIMM If your memory configuration requires the removal of a module, perform the following steps: Before opening the computer and before handling boards or memory modules, reduce static discharge by touching the system's metal chassis. 1. Remove the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”). 2. Locate the system memory upgrade sockets on the system board (see “System Board Options”). Any socket (or all) can contain a DIMM memory module. 3.
2. If you need to remove a currently installed memory module, see “Removing a DIMM.” Before you install a module, reduce static discharge by touching the system's metal chassis. 3. Align the new module with an empty memory socket. Make sure the notches on the module align with the keys in the socket. 4. Press the module firmly into the socket. 5. Make sure the locking clips at either end of the module click closed. Inserting a DIMM A – Plastic Clip 6.
Processor Upgrade The system has an S.E.C. cartridge Slot 1 242-pin edge connector. The processor is secured to the connector in a retention mechanism. When the processor is inserted in this connector the VID pins program the voltage regulator on the system board to the required voltage for the processor. Incorrect installation of the processor can damage the processor, system board, or both. Follow the installation instructions carefully. The system requires a heat sink on the processor.
Removing the processor A – Locking Tab B – CPU/Heat sink C – Locking Tab D – Retention Mechanism E – System Board F – Top Bar Before picking up the processor, reduce static discharge by touching the metal frame of the system unit. 5-24 4. Release the locking tabs holding the processor in the retention mechanism by pressing them toward the processor. 5. Lift the processor out of the retention mechanism. 6. Install the upgrade processor (see “Installing an Upgrade Processor”).
Installing an Upgrade Processor Install a processor by following these steps: 1. If you are replacing the processor currently in your system, remove the processor (see “Removing the Processor”). Before picking up the processor, reduce static discharge by touching the metal chassis of the system unit. 2. Line the processor up with the guides in the retention mechanism. The heat sink should face the bottom bar of the heat sink support.
3. Slide the processor into the retention mechanism until it is seated firmly in the processor socket. Inserting the processor in the retention mechanism A – CPU/Heat sink B – Retention Mechanism 5-26 C – Bottom Bar D – System Board 4. Secure the processor by locking the tabs at both ends of the processor in the retention mechanism. 5.
Securing the processor in the retention mechanism A – Locking Tabs B – CPU/Heat sink C – Retention Mechanism D – System Board E – Bottom Bar F – Top Bar 6. The processor speed must be set correctly in BIOS. For detailed instructions on changing the processor speed, start with step 2 of “Changing the Processor Speed” in Chapter 3. 7. Reconnect cables that were disconnected to gain access to the processor socket. 8. Replace the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”).
Removing the System Board Use this procedure to remove the system board: 1. Remove the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”). 2. Remove the AGP board (see “Removing an AGP Board”). 3. Lift the insertion/extraction latch slightly and pull it away from the system unit. This releases the system board and slides it partway out of the system.
Insertion/extraction latch in the minitower A – System Board 4. B – Insertion/Extraction Latch Carefully slide the board the rest of the way out, taking care not to lift the board before it is free of the chassis. Replacing the System Board Take care when replacing the system board. Replacing the board requires the use of the chassis latch. Incorrect use of the chassis latch can damage the latch. Take care in replacing the system board in your computer.
Correct alignment of the system board A – Edge of Chassis B – Latch Open 5-30 Installing Options C – Rail D – Edge of System Board
Incorrect alignment of the system board A – Edge of Chassis B – Latch Open C – Edge of System Board To prevent damage to the latch, align the system board with the outside edge of the chassis before closing the latch. 4. Push the latch closed. This slides the board the rest of the way into the system unit and secures it into the riser board connector. If the board does not slide when you push the latch, slide the board out of the unit a bit and check the alignment position (see the previous figures).
Secured position of latch A – Latch Closed B – Edge of Chassis C – Edge of System Board 5. Replace the graphics board in the AGP slot (see “Replacing the AGP Board”). 6. Replace the minitower stand and chassis floor (see “Replacing the Chassis Floor”). Expansion Boards Your system supports industry standard architecture (ISA) 8- and 16-bit expansion boards (Plug and Play and non-Plug and Play). It also supports 32-bit Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) expansion boards, which are Plug and Play.
Locating Expansion Slots ISA expansion slots support industry-standard 8-bit or 16-bit expansion boards. The PCI/ISA slot also supports PCI expansion boards. The PCI slots support bus mastering and accept PCI expansion boards that run at half the system board's bus speed. The PCI bus handles 32 bits of data at a time, being wider as well as faster than the standard ISA bus. PCI boards can send and receive data much faster, boosting system performance.
Locating minitower expansion board slots A – ISA Slot B – PCI/ISA Slot C – PCI Slots Installing an Expansion Board To install an expansion board in the system, perform the following steps. 1. Remove the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”). 2. Follow any preinstallation instructions that come with the expansion board (such as setting switches or jumpers on the board).
A slot cover can damage the system board or any option board if it falls into the system. Take care to keep the slot cover from falling when removing the screw. If the slot cover does fall into the unit, remove it before replacing the cover.
Removing a minitower slot cover A – Screw 5. B – Slot Cover Holding the board by its edges or its bracket, insert the board into the expansion slot (see the following figure). Press the board firmly into the expansion slot connector on the riser board.
Installing an expansion board in the desktop Installing an expansion board in the minitower 6. Use the slot cover screw removed earlier to secure the expansion board.
7. Attach any signal cables required by the expansion board. 8. Replace the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”). Removing an Expansion Board To remove an expansion board, perform the following steps: 1. Remove the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”). Note Before removing the expansion board, you must remove the AGP board (if installed) and the chassis floor (see the sections “Removing the AGP Board” and “Removing the Chassis Floor”). 2.
Locating Device Slots The desktop system has four slots and the minitower has six slots as described below (see the figures on the following page): ! a 3 1/2-inch accessible device slot that contains the standard 1.44-MB diskette drive ! 3 1/2-inch internal hard drive slots (1-inch high, thin-height) — desktop: one internal hard drive slot — minitower: two internal hard drive slots ! 5 1/4-inch accessible device slots (1.
Locating desktop device slots A – 3 1/2-Inch Internal Slot B – 3 1/2-Inch Accessible Slot C – 5 1/4-Inch Accessible Slots Locating minitower device slots A – 3 1/2-Inch Internal Slot B – 3 1/2-Inch Accessible Slot 5-40 Installing Options C – 5 1/4-Inch Accessible Slots
Preparing the Device Before installing a storage device in the system, follow any preinstallation instructions that come with the device. For example, check the following information: ! Diskette drive — remove any termination on the optional diskette drive. See the documentation that comes with the drive. ! IDE drive — check the jumper settings on the device before installing it. See the documentation that comes with the device for jumper setting information.
Riser board cable connectors (desktop) A – CD Audio In B – Modem In C – Primary IDE Cable D – Diskette Drive Cable E – Secondary IDE Cable Riser board cable connectors (minitower) A – Primary IDE Cable B – Secondary IDE Cable 5-42 Installing Options C – Diskette Drive Cable
Riser board auxiliary cable connectors (minitower) A – CD Audio In B – Modem In C – Wake-On LAN D – Chassis Intrusion E – Front Panel/IRDA F – Speaker G – Fan H – NLX I – LAN Use the following table when configuring IDE drives on the primary and secondary IDE connectors on the riser board. In the following table, if you are installing a DVD-ROM drive, substitute the DVD-ROM drive for the CD-ROM drive.
IDE Connector Configuration Configuration Primary connector Secondary connector 1 device (hard drive) Master — hard drive Slave — none Master — none Slave — none 2 devices (hard drive, CD-ROM) Master — hard drive Slave — none Master — CD-ROM Slave — none 2 devices (hard drive, tape backup) Master — hard drive Slave — none Master — tape backup Slave — none 2 devices (hard drive, Zip drive) Master — hard drive Slave — none Master — Zip drive Slave — none 3 devices (hard drive, CD-ROM, Zip drive
Diskette Drive Signal Cable A diskette drive signal cable comes attached to the riser board and to the standard 1.44-MB diskette drive. The colored edge of the cable goes to pin 1 on the cable connector. Align the red edge of the cable with pin 1 (the notched end) on the drive connector. The typical three-connector diskette drive signal cable has a middle connector that is not used in this system.
System Power Cables Power cables come from the power supply and are attached to the standard storage devices. System power cables vary in length and provide connector sizes to accommodate a variety of supported storage configurations. Power cable connectors are keyed to fit only in the correct position. Cabling Storage Devices All storage devices require power and signal cable connections. Devices shipped with the system are already connected.
Connecting IDE drive cables A – IDE Cable 4. B – Power Cable If you are installing a CD-ROM drive or DVD-ROM drive and your system has speakers, connect the audio cable to the CD In connector on the riser board or an audio board (see the instructions that come with the drive). Diskette Drive Cabling The following procedure explains how to cable a diskette drive. 1. Connect the diskette drive signal cable connector to the signal connector on the diskette drive. 2.
PC Card Adapter Cabling The following procedure describes how to cable a PC card adapter. 1. Connect the connectors at one end of the cable set to the PC adapter board. (The PC adapter board is installed in one of the expansion slots. See “Installing an Expansion Board” if the board must be installed first.) The connectors are keyed to fit only one way. 2. Connect the connectors at the other end of the cable set to the connectors at the rear of the PC card adapter.
3. Connect the power cable to the power connector on the SCSI device (see “System Power Cables”). 4. Configure the device according to the SCSI utility in BIOS. See the documentation that comes with the device for information on terminating and jumpering the device. Network Board Wake-On LAN Cabling If the computer has an Intel PRO LAN 100 M2 network board, your system can be readied for “Wake-On LAN” by connecting the Wake-On LAN cable.
Removing the Desktop Front Panel Remove the desktop front panel before installing a device in one of the 5 1/4-inch accessible device slots. If you are installing an accessible 5 1/4-inch device, you also need to remove the blank panel that covers the slot on the front panel. Remove the front panel and blank panel as follows. 1. Remove the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”). 2. Squeeze the locking tabs on each side of the front panel.
Removing the desktop front panel A – Tabs (behind front panel) B – Blank Panel 4. C – Front Panel D – Tabs (behind front panel) If you are installing an accessible device, such as a Zip drive or tape drive, remove the blank panel. Remove the blank panel from the slot by pressing the panel tabs from inside the front panel and pushing the blank panel out.
5. Remove the perforated metal plate from the selected slot on the chassis by pulling the plate back and forth until it releases (see the following figure). Locating the breakaway panel A – Breakaway Blank Panel 6. Install the device (see “Installing a 5 1/4-Inch Device”). Replacing the Desktop Front Panel If a 5 1/4-inch device has been removed from your system, you need to replace the blank panel before replacing the front panel. The blank panel covers the opening previously used by the device.
Aligning the desktop front panel 4. Replace the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”). Removing the Minitower Front Panel Remove the front panel before installing a device in one of the 5 1/4-inch accessible device slots. The front panel does not need to be removed if you are installing an internal 3 1/2-inch hard drive. If you are going to install an accessible 5 1/4-inch device, you also need to remove the blank panel that covers the slot on the front panel.
Removing the front panel A – Pop-In Tabs B – Locking Tabs (behind front panel) 5-54 C – Pop-In Tabs (behind front panel) 4. Identify the slot on the front panel for the device being installed. 5. Remove the blank plastic panel from the selected slot by pressing the panel tabs from inside the front panel and pushing the blank panel out (see the following figure). 6. Press the tabs on either side of the metal slot cover on the chassis and set the slot cover aside. 7.
Locating blank panel tabs A – Blank Panel Tabs Replacing the Minitower Front Panel If you remove a 5 1/4-inch device from your system, you need to cover the opening in the front panel with a blank panel. Do this before replacing the front panel. To replace the minitower front panel, proceed as follows. 1. Replace the blank panel if necessary. Press the blank panel into the inside of the front panel (over the empty slot). Press until the four tabs lock the panel in place. 2.
Replacing the front panel A – Pop-In Tabs B – Locking Tabs (behind front panel) 4. C – Pop-In Tabs (behind front panel) Replace the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”). Installing a 5 1/4-Inch Device Use the following procedure to install a 5 1/4-inch device into a 5 1/4inch accessible device slot: Note A 3 1/2-inch hard drive can also be installed in a 5 1/4-inch accessible device slot.
3. Remove the front panel. 4. Locate the device rails that ship with your system. Attach the rails to the sides of the device with the four screws that come with the device. Note To order a rail kit, call the NECC Technical Support Center at 1800-632-4525 and order kit number OP-540-22401. Attaching device rails A – Device Rail B – Locking Tab 5. C – Device D – Locking Tab From the front of the system, insert the device, connector end first, into the device slot.
Inserting a device in the desktop Inserting a device in the minitower 5-58 6. Connect the device cables (see “Connecting Device Cables” and “Cabling an IDE drive” or “Cabling an Internal SCSI Device”). 7. Insert the device the rest of the way into the device slot, making sure that the locking tabs at the ends of the device rails snap into the brackets on each side of the device slot.
8. Replace the system unit front panel. 9. Replace the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”). 10. Run the Setup program to set the new configuration (see “BIOS Setup Utility” in Chapter 3). Installing a 3 1/2-Inch Hard Drive Your desktop system has one internal drive slot located near the rear of the chassis. Your minitower system has two internal hard drive slots located near the top rear of the chassis. You can upgrade the system by replacing an existing hard drive or by adding another one.
6. Insert the new hard drive into the drive slot with the cable connectors toward the front of the system and the four holes toward the outer wall of the chassis (see the following figure). 7. Align the four holes on the hard drive with the holes in the chassis. 8. Secure the device to the chassis with the four screws that came with the device or the screws from the old device. Securing the hard drive in the desktop 9.
2. Remove the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”). 3. If a currently installed hard drive is being replaced: ! Label the IDE drive signal and power cables connected to the drive and then disconnect them. ! Remove the four screws securing the drive to the internal bracket or the chassis wall. ! Remove the drive from the chassis. 4. Insert the new hard drive into the drive slot. Orient the cable connectors toward the front of the system. 5. Line up the four holes in the drive with: 6.
Securing a hard drive to the chassis wall A – Hard Drive 5-62 7. Connect the device cables (see “Connecting Device Cables” and “Cabling an IDE drive” or “Cabling an Internal SCSI Device”). 8. Replace the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover”). 9. Run the Setup program to set the new configuration (see “BIOS Setup Utility” in Chapter 3).
6 Solving System Problems ! Solutions to Common Problems ! How to Clean the Mouse ! Battery Replacement ! How to Get Help
Occasionally, you may encounter a problem with your computer. In most cases, the problem is one that you can solve yourself. Your system has a built-in program that automatically checks its components when the system is powered on. If there is a problem, the system displays an error message. If this happens, follow any instructions on the screen. If screen messages do not help or an error message does not appear, refer to the information in this chapter to determine and solve the problem.
! The CD-ROM drive does not automatically start when a CD is inserted. If you have just enabled the “Auto insert notification” feature, you must reboot the system to have the new setting take effect. If the “Auto insert notification” feature has been disabled you can enable it by following these steps. 1. Right click My Computer on your Windows desktop. 2. Select Properties. 3. Select the Device Manager tab. Select CD-ROM and then the CD-ROM drive in the list. 4. Select the Settings tab.
! The CD does not eject due to a power failure or software error. Turn off the system and use the CD-ROM emergency eject feature. Insert the end of a paper clip into the eject hole. Press inward on the clip to open the door. ! The CD-ROM drive plays the disc but no sound is heard. Check the volume controls in the system tray along the taskbar, and on the speakers. Check that the speakers are on. Check that the connectors are securely connected.
If you were trying to reboot the system from a bootable diskette (a “boot disk”) but got one of these messages, the diskette might not be bootable. Insert a diskette you know is bootable in drive A and reboot the system. If the system boots from this diskette, your other diskette was not bootable. To create a boot disk, see your Windows documentation. If the system does not boot from either diskette, your system might not be configured to boot from a diskette.
! Some keys don’t always work on the keyboard. Your keyboard may need cleaning. See the user's guide for information on cleaning the keyboard. Monitor Problems Check the following problems to see the possible causes and solutions. ! Monitor screen is dark or the display is hard to read. Check that the monitor is on. Check that the monitor power cable is connected to the monitor and a power outlet, the monitor signal cable is connected to the system, and the brightness and contrast controls are adjusted.
Mouse Problems Check the following problem to see the possible causes and solutions. ! Mouse does not respond. You may have connected the mouse after turning on your system. Turn the system off, make sure the mouse is connected, and turn the system back on. ! Mouse does not respond intermittently. Your mouse may need cleaning. See the user's guide for information on cleaning the mouse. The mouse cable may be loose. Check that the cable is securely connected to the system.
! The system times out sooner/later than the time specified as the “inactivity timeout.” Power management can be enabled or disabled, and the inactivity timeouts specified, through the BIOS. There are also settings for power management features through Windows. Check that the settings in Windows do not conflict with the settings in BIOS. When the BIOS is reset, all default settings are restored. The default power management settings may be different than those you set.
System Problems Check the following list to match your problem and see the possible causes and solutions. ! No power and power lamp not lit. Check that all power switches are on. Check that the power cable is plugged into the system power socket and that the other end is plugged into a live, properly grounded AC power outlet or surge protector. Check the outlet or surge protector by plugging in a lamp. ! Non-System Disk error message displays when the system is started.
! System does not maintain date, time, or system configuration information. Change the battery (see “Battery Replacement” in this chapter). For assistance, call your NECC dealer or the NECC Technical Support Center. ! System does not boot from hard drive. The system usually tries to start from the diskette drive before it starts from the hard drive. Remove the diskette from the diskette drive.
! BIOS changes have not taken effect. It is possible that the changes were not saved before exiting the setup utility. Go into the BIOS setup utility and make the changes again, save them, and exit the utility. All system boards use a battery to maintain system configuration information. If the battery fails to maintain this information (for example, if the date is incorrect), you might need to replace it with an identically rated battery from the same manufacturer.
Mouse ball cover A – Mouse Ball Cover 5. 6-12 Clean the mouse as follows. ! Use tap water, or tap water and a mild detergent, to clean the mouse ball. ! Use a clean, lint-free cloth to dry the ball. ! Blow into the mouse socket to remove remaining dust or lint. 6. Gently put the ball back into the mouse. 7. Fit the ball cover back into the mouse and turn the cover clockwise until it locks in place.
Battery Replacement All system boards use a battery to maintain system configuration information. Your system uses a coin-cell battery mounted on the system board (see the following figure). If it fails to maintain system configuration information, replace it with an identically rated battery from the same manufacturer. The battery can explode if it is incorrectly replaced or improperly discarded. Use only the same battery or an equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer when replacing the battery.
Locating the battery socket on the system board A – Battery 5. Carefully lift the battery clip until there is enough space to slide the battery out of the socket. To maintain a tight battery contact with the socket, do not over-bend the battery clip. 6. Remove the battery and discard in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
7. Carefully lift the clip on the battery socket. 8. With the positive (+) side facing up, slide the new battery into the socket. 9. If necessary, slide the system board back into the chassis (see “Replacing the System Board” in Chapter 5). 10. Replace the system unit cover (see “System Unit Cover” in Chapter 5). 11. Connect external peripherals and power cables. 12. Run the Setup Utility to reconfigure your system parameters (see “BIOS Setup Utility” in Chapter 3).
Help From Your NECC Dealer The NECC dealer from whom you purchased your system is a good source of help and should be contacted. The dealer is backed by complete support resources and programs within NECC. Help From NECC Technical Support Center Help is available to you through the NECC Technical Support Center. (International customers should check with their sales provider.) Direct assistance is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
If your system requires repair service from NECC, call 1-800-632-4525 (United States and Canada only). If you are outside the U.S. and Canada, please contact your local NECC sales provider.
7 Getting Services and Support NECC Website NECC FTP Site Email/Fax Technical Support Service NECC Technical Support Services NECC Customer Assistance Center
NECC makes it easy for you to get information and help when you need it. NECC services provide general information about your system, can be used to answer your questions, and help solve any problems you might have with your system. With access to a telephone, Internet, and/or fax machine, you can use these services to obtain information about your system on a 24-hour basis. This chapter describes these services and how to access them.
NECC FTP Site You can use the Internet to access the NECC FTP (file transfer protocol) site to download various files (video drivers, printer drivers, BIOS updates, and Setup Disk files). To access the NECC FTP site, enter the following Internet ftp address through your service: ftp.neccsdeast.com Once in the file menu, follow the prompts to choose and download the file(s) you want.
NECC Technical Support Services NECC also offers direct technical support through its Technical Support Center. (NECC technical support is for U.S. and Canadian customers only; international customers should check with their sales provider.) Direct assistance is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Call the NECC Technical Support Center, toll free, at 1-800-632-4525 (U.S. and Canada only) for the following support.
A Setting Up a Healthy Work Environment Making Your Computer Work for You Arrange Your Equipment Adjust Your Chair Adjust Your Input Devices Adjust Your Monitor Vary Your Workday Pre-existing Conditions and Psychosocial Factors Checking Your Comfort: How Do You Measure Up?
Prolonged or improper use of a computer workstation may pose a risk of serious injury. To reduce your risk of injury, set up and use your computer in the manner described in this appendix. Contact a doctor if you experience pain, tenderness, swelling, burning, cramping, stiffness, throbbing, weakness, soreness, tingling and/or numbness in the hands, wrists, arms, shoulders, neck, back, and/or legs. Making Your Computer Work for You Computers are everywhere.
Arrange Your Equipment Arrange your equipment so that you can work in a natural and relaxed position. Place items that you use frequently within easy reach. Adjust your workstation setup to the proper height (as described in this appendix) by lowering the table or stand that holds your computer equipment or raising the seat height of your chair. To create more desk space, you can put your computer base on the floor.
Adjust Your Chair Your chair should be adjustable and stable. Vary your posture throughout the day. Check the following: Keep your body in a relaxed yet upright position. The backrest of your chair should support the inward curve of your back. Use the entire seat and backrest to support your body. Tilt the backrest slightly backwards. The angle formed by your thighs and back should be 90° or more. Your seat depth should allow your lower back to comfortably contact the backrest.
Extend your lower legs slightly so that the angle between your thighs and lower legs is 90° or more. Place your feet flat on the floor. Only use a footrest when attempts to adjust your chair and workstation fail to keep your feet flat. Be sure that you have adequate clearance between the top of your thighs and the underside of your workstation. Use armrests or forearm supports to support your forearms.
Adjust the keyboard height so that your elbows are near your body and your forearms are parallel to the floor, with your forearms resting on either armrests or forearm supports, in the manner described previously. If you do not have armrests or forearm supports, your upper arms should hang comfortably at your sides. Adjust your keyboard slope so that your wrists are straight while you are typing.
Type with your hands and wrists floating above the keyboard. Use a wrist pad only to rest your wrists between typing. Avoid resting your wrists on sharp edges. Type with your wrists straight. Instead of twisting your wrists sideways to press hard-to-reach keys, move your whole arm. Keep from bending your wrists, hands, or fingers sideways. Press the keys gently; do not bang them. Keep your shoulders, arms, hands, and fingers relaxed.
Adjust the monitor height so that the top of the screen is at or slightly below eye level. Your eyes should look slightly downward when viewing the middle of the screen. Position your monitor no closer than 12 inches and no farther away than 28 inches from your eyes. The optimal distance is between 14 and 18 inches. Rest your eyes periodically by focusing on an object at least 20 feet away. Blink often.
Use a timer or reminder software to remind you to take breaks. To enhance blood circulation, alter your sitting posture periodically and keep your hands and wrists warm. Note For more information on workstation setup, see the American National Standard for Human Factors Engineering of Visual Display Terminal Workstations. ANSI/HFS Standard No. 100-1988. The Human Factors Society, Inc., P.O. Box 1369, Santa Monica, California 90406.
Pre-existing Conditions and Psychosocial Factors Pre-existing conditions that may cause or make some people more susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders include the following: hereditary factors, vascular disorders, obesity, nutritional deficiencies (e.g., Vitamin B deficiency), endocrine disorders (e.g., diabetes), hormonal imbalances, connective tissue disorders (e.g.
Checking Your Mouse Is your mouse at the same height as the keyboard and next to the keyboard? Are your wrists straight and your touch light when moving the mouse? Checking Your Monitor Did you adjust your monitor so that the top of the screen is at or slightly below eye level? Do you periodically rest your eyes by blinking often or looking away from the screen? Is your monitor no closer than 12 inches and no farther away than 28 inches from your eyes? Do you use a document holder placed close
B System Specifications System Processor Memory (RAM, Cache, ROM) Calendar Clock Input/Output (I/O) Facilities Video Memory Sound System Fax/Modem Board Network Board Peripherals Power Operating Environment Dimensions and Weight Compliance
System Processor Celeron Processor 300-MHz processor — 300 MHz internally, 66-MHz front-side bus 333-MHz processor — 333 MHz internally, 66-MHz front-side bus 433-MHz processor — 433 HMz internally, 66-MHz front-side bus Pentium II Processor 266-MHz processor — 266 MHz internally, 66-MHz front-side bus 300-MHz processor — 300 MHz internally, 66-MHz front-side bus 333-MHz processor — 333 MHz internally, 66-MHz front-side bus 350-MHz processor — 350 MHz internally, 100-MHz front-side bus 400
Processor Support 32-bit addressing 64-bit data Processor Socket One S.E.C.
Calendar Clock Year/month/day/hour/minute/second/.01 second; maintained by battery backup module Battery type — Lithium coin cell Input/Output (I/O) Facilities Industry-standard interfaces integrated on system board: Parallel — bi-directional, ECP/EPP support; one 25-pin connector Serial — two high-speed RS-232C ports using 16550 UART, support transfer rates up to 115.
Diskette drive — supports one diskette drive, 1.2-MB or 1.44-MB; 34pin connector CD Audio In connector Modem In connector Wake-On LAN Chassis intrusion (minitower) I/O bus expansion slots Desktop — One 32-bit PCI slot — One shared PCI/ISA slot — One 8-/16-bit ISA slot Minitower — Three 32-bit PCI slots — One shared PCI/ISA slot — One 8-/16-bit ISA slot One AGP board slot.
Sound System Systems come with audio on the system board; based on Crystal CS4235B hardware. 3-D enhanced stereo controller with analog components Compatible with Sound Blaster Pro™, Sound Blaster™ 2.
Fax/Modem Board Systems might come with one of the following fax/modem boards. 3Com Sportster V.34 (Akita) 56.6 Kbps Data (maximum speed): x2™ technology, ITU-T V.34+, ITU-T V.34 , ITU-T V.32bis, ITU-T V.32, ITU-T V.23, ITU-T V.22bis, ITU-T V.22, Bell 212A, Bell 103 Error Control and Data Compression: ITU-T V.42, ITU-T V.42bis, MNP5 Fax Modulation Schemes: ITU-T V.17, ITU-T V.29, ITU-T V.27ter, ITU-T V.21 Fax Standards: EIA 578 Class 1 Fax, EIA 592 Class 2.
Fax Modulation Schemes ITU-T V.17, ITU-T V.29 , ITU-T V.27ter, ITU-T V.21 channel 2, Group III 14,400 and 9,600 bps Fax Standards TIA/EIA 578 Class 1 Fax, TIA/EIA 592 Class 2.0 Fax Transmission: Asynchronous GVC® PCI V90 56.6 Kbps Data Transmission: 56K, 33,600, 28,800, 14,400, 9600, 4800, 2400, 1200, 300 bps (asynchronous) Fax Transmission: 14,400, 9600, 4800 bps send/receive, Group III, Class I Data: ITU-T V.90, CCITT V.34+, V.34, V.32bis, V.32, V.42bis, V.42, V.
Peripherals Specifications for the following peripherals are given in the following sections. Note Your system may have the following peripherals, depending on your model and the peripherals you ordered. Hard Drive Diskette Drive CD-ROM Drive DVD-ROM Drive Zip Drive Tape Backup Unit PC Card Adapter Speakers Hard Drive Hard drive types are subject to change. One of the following drives comes with the system: IDE hard drives — 4.3-GB Ultra DMA (Maxtor/Quantum ST) — 6.
Diskette Drive NEC Diskette Drive FD1231H-013, 3 1/2-inch, 1.44 MB Recording capacity — High density mode: Unformatted: 2.00/1.00 MB Formatted: 1440 KB (512B 18 Sec) 720 KB (256B 18 Sec) — Normal density mode: Unformatted: 1.00/0.
CD-ROM Drive One of the following CD-ROM drives comes in the system.
Random Access — 85 ms typical (max 32X) — 110 ms typical (max 32X): including latency Data Buffer Capacity — 128 Kbytes Spin up, spin down, eject time — Spin up time — 4 sec — Spin down time — 4 sec — Eject time — 2.0 sec typical Load time — 1.5 sec typical. Voltage tolerance — +5V DC +/-5%; +12V DC +/-5% Temperature — operating: 5° to 45° — non-operating: -20° to 60° Humidity — operating: 10% to 80% (non-condensing) — non-operating: 5% to 90% (non-condensing) Dimensions — H x W x L: 41.
Block rate — 75 blocks/second (Normal Speed) — 900 — 2460 blocks/second — Speed: 12X — 32.8X CAV Scanning velocity — 1.2 ~ 1.4 meters/sec (Normal Speed) Rotation speed — ~539 to 198 rpm (Normal Speed), variable Latency (average) — ~56 to 152 msec (Normal Speed), variable Blocks/rotation — ~8.3 to 22.
Sustained Data Transfer Rate: CD-ROM outside: — 4,700 KB/sec (min.), 4,800 KB/sec (typical) CD-ROM inside: — 2,150 KB/sec (min.), 2,350 KB/sec (typical) Access Time: Random Access: — 100 ms (typical), 140 ms (max.) 1/3 Stroke: — 90 ms (typical), 140 ms (max.) Full Stroke: — 160 ms (typical), 260 ms (max.) Host CPU Utilization: 90% of Max. Transfer Rate: — 38% (typical), 50% (max.) 1.2 MB/sec: — 18% (typical), 30% (max.) 600 KB/sec: — 8% (typical), 20% (max.) Spindle/Tray — Spin Up Time: 3.5 sec.
Humidity — Operating: 20% to 80% RH — Non-Operating: 20% to 900% RH Dimensions — Height 41.3 mm — Width 145.8 mm — Depth 192.9 mm — Weight 1.2 Kg DVD-ROM Drive Interface — IDE/ATAPI Buffer memory size — 512 Kb Maximum data transfer rate — CD-ROM mode: 4.8 Mb per second — DVD-ROM mode: 6.
Zip Drive Iomega Zip 100 ATA Drive Performance: Sustained data transfer rate up to 11.2 Mbits/sec Burst transfer rate up to 26.7 Mbits/sec Minimum seek — 4.0 ms Average seek — 29.0 ms Maximum seek — 55.0 ms Average latency — 10.2 ms Spindle speed — 2941 rpm Track-to-track access time — 5.0 ms Average head switch time — 8.0 ms Head reload time — 200.
Tape Backup Unit Seagate STT8000 ATAPI minicartridge drive Capacity/900 Oe 740' Travan cartridge — 4.0 GB (uncompressed) — 8.0 GB (compressed) Effective backup rate: — 30 MB/min typical native — 45 MB/min typical compressed Data transfer rate: 300/450/600 KB/second FastSense Speakers Harmon/Kardon 10-watt stereo speakers Magnetically shielded Power on/off/volume switch 15-volt AC power adapter Frequency response — 90-20 kHz, 2 dB Sensitivity — 300 mV Output power — 4.
Dimensions and Weights Desktop System Unit Width — 18.5 in. Depth — 16.4 in. Height — 4.5 in. Weight — starting at 26 lb. Minitower System Unit Height — 17 in. (431.8 mm) Width — 8.5 in. (215.9 mm) Depth — 18 in. (457.2 mm) Weight — starting at 28 lb. Keyboard Height — 1.6 in. (40.6 mm) Width — 19.0 in. (482.6 mm) Depth — 8.4 in. (213.3 mm) Weight — 3.5 to 4 lb. Compliance Domestic: FCC CFR 47 Part 15, Subpart B UL 1950 3rd edition Canadian: C-UL C22.2 No.
C Questions and Answers Boot Questions BIOS Questions Monitor Questions Multimedia Questions CD-ROM Drive or DVD-ROM Drive Questions Mouse Questions Power Management Questions System Security Questions Memory Questions Modem Questions Miscellaneous Questions
Boot Questions What is the meaning of the boot message that appears when I turn on the computer? Boot messages, such as “Escape to view POST, F2 to enter BIOS Setup,” or “Press F2 to run SETUP,” indicate the following startup options: Wait while the system loads the operating system. Press Esc while the boot message is displayed to view the Power-On Self-Test (POST). The POST routine performs diagnostic tests of the hardware at power-on.
Why won’t my computer boot from the CD-ROM drive when I try to reload software from the NEC Select Install CD? Restart your computer and press F2 when you see the boot message (such as “Escape to view POST, F2 to enter BIOS Setup,” or “Press F2 to run SETUP”). Go to the Boot menu in the BIOS Setup utility and check if the boot sequence is as follows: First boot device: FDD (diskette drive) Second boot device: CD-ROM Third boot device: HDD (hard drive).
Note When starting, the system looks for the operating system files. It looks at the boot devices in your system, in the order that is specified in the BIOS. If the diskette drive comes before the hard drive in boot order and you do not have a diskette in drive A, the system boots from the hard drive. A diskette without operating system files in drive A prevents a system boot and displays the error message, “non-system disk installed in drive A.
Note See Chapter 7 in this guide for information on accessing the NECC website and the FTP site, or for information on obtaining service and support from the NECC Technical Support Center. Monitor Questions Why doesn’t anything display on my monitor screen when I boot my system? If the monitor power indicator is not lit, turn on the monitor power. Check the power cable connection from the monitor to the power outlet. Next, check for a loose video cable connection.
Multimedia Questions Does audio come standard on my system? Depending on your system, sound components are installed on the system board or on an audio board option that you may order from NECC. Refer to Appendix B, “System Specifications” for information about the system’s audio features and capabilities. The sound is no longer working on my computer. What can I do to get it back? To enable sound, check hardware as follows: Check that speaker power is on.
What is the advantage of AGP? Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is a dedicated, high-bandwidth port on the system board that improves graphics performance. AGP operates at bus frequencies up to 133 MHz versus 33 MHz for PCI. The system board contains a dedicated AGP slot that accepts compatible AGP boards. The AGP slot removes graphics traffic from the PCI bus and gives the graphics system direct access to main memory for graphics data storage.
How can I change my mouse buttons for left-handed use? You can switch the right and left buttons on your mouse in Windows. Click the Start button on the Windows taskbar. Point to Settings and click Control Panel. From the Control Panel, double click the Mouse icon. A menu provides options, which include Swap Left/Right buttons. To change the buttons, click the box next to the Swap Left/Right buttons. The mouse diagram above the check box changes to show your choice.
What does an amber power lamp indicate? An amber power lamp often indicates that the system is in a Suspend mode of operation. The system conserves power when you do not use the mouse or keyboard and the system is not processing any data for a preset amount of time. What is a timeout? A timeout is the amount of time the system or a particular component is inactive.
Chassis intrusion notification Whenever the chassis cover is removed, LANDesk Client Manager logs the incident and then reports it onscreen the next time the system is rebooted. Security slot The security slot on the back of the minitower chassis accepts a Kensington Security Standard connector or other locking device. Secure the locking device to the security slot and to an immovable object to protect your system from theft.
The computer comes with the McAfee® VirusScan™ software, a powerful and advanced system designed to detect, remove, and prevent computer viruses. See the online help in the VirusScan program. Memory Questions What is the maximum amount of memory I can install in the computer? The maximum amount of memory that you can install depends on the number of memory sockets on the system board, as well as the memory size.
Increase video memory (depending on the video upgrades available for your system). Clean out the files in the Windows\Temp directory on the hard drive. If you access the world wide web in Internet Explorer, clean out the files in your Windows\History and Windows\Temporary Internet Files directories. These files are created automatically during normal usage of the computer and should be deleted periodically to free up hard drive space. I get a message that Windows files are missing.
Glossary A access time The time period between the supply of an access signal and the output or acceptance of the data by the addressed system. Examples are the access times for DRAMs, SRAMs, hard drives, and CD-ROM drives. Hard drive access time is the time it takes for a computer to get data from the drive. A hard drive with an 11 ms access time is fast. A CD-ROM drive with a 280-ms access time is fast. ACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface.
algorithm Any set of instructions to be followed in order. anti-aliasing Making jagged edges look smoother by filling in the jags with an intermediate color. Usually used in reference to the edges of shapes, especially letters, on a computer screen. API Application Programming Interface. An API is a series of functions that programs can use to make the operating system do routine or repetitive tasks.
ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit. A chip designed for use on a particular circuit board, or for a very narrow range of use. The digital signal processor chip on a modem is an ASIC. asynchronous Refers to operations that do not require the clocks of communicating devices to be coordinated. Instead, the devices send signals to each other indicating readiness to receive or send. Compare synchronous.
bandwidth A measure of how much information something can carry. Specifically, data path times frequency. For example, the ISA bus has a data path of 16 bits (it can send 16 bits at a time) and typically operates at 8.33 MHz, so it has a bandwidth of 133.28 megabits per second (Mbps). base RAM Area of system memory between 0 and 640 kilobytes available to the user for operating system and application programs. batch file A file that contains a series of DOS commands. Batch files have the extension .bat.
bit Binary digit. The smallest unit of computer data. A single digital piece of information, generally represented by the numeral 0 or 1. Usually the transition between the states of +5V and -5V within a computer, the charge of a transistor in an integrated circuit, or the change in polarity of a magnetic region on a disk. See byte. Data compression schemes can enable the transmission of more than one bit per voltage transition.
boot To start up a computer. The computer is generally booted in one of three ways: by turning on the power switch (cold boot), by pressing the reset switch, or by simultaneously pressing the Ctrl, Alt, and Del keys (warm boot). Booting the system after it has already been powered up and booted is referred to as rebooting. Also the process of booting itself. Boot is from “bootstrap,” a reference to a computer’s ability to set itself up, or pull itself up by its own ‘bootstraps.
bus A parallel electrical pathway on the system board, connecting and shared by the parts of a computer system (especially the CPU, its support circuitry, memory, and expansion cards), used for transmitting data or electrical power from one device to another. Typically the lines in a bus are dedicated to specific functions, such as control lines, address lines, and data lines. Different bus architectures have different numbers and arrangements of these lines, and different names (for example, ISA, PCI).
checksum A number, calculated from a block of data, used to verify the integrity of that data. For example, a modem could send a block of data and include the number of 1’s that occur in the block. The receiving modem could count the number of 1’s it receives and compare its own number with the transmitted number. If the numbers are the same, the transmission was probably OK. clock Electronic timer (oscillator) used to synchronize computer operations.
D default The system’s factory setting for a specific device feature or system function. A setting that a computer uses if it has not been modified by a user. DIMM Dual Inline Memory Module. Circuit board with pins connecting to different memory chips on both sides of the board, which allows for wider and faster data transfer (128-bit). See SIMMs. DMA Direct Memory Access. A method for transferring data, usually between memory and a disk drive, without going through the CPU.
E ECC memory Error Checking and Correcting memory. Advanced type of memory that can find and correct certain types of single-bit memory errors, providing greater data integrity. Advanced ECC can correct some double-bit errors. ECP Extended Capabilities Port. A parallel-port standard for PCs that supports bidirectional communication between the PC and attached devices (such as a printer). ECP is about 10 times faster than the older Centronics standard.
F FAT File Allocation Table. A table near the beginning of a drive that identifies the location of everything on the drive. flash ROM Method in which a computer’s BIOS ROM can be upgraded without replacing the ROM BIOS chip. FTP File Transfer Protocol. A method of transferring files between two computers on a TCP/IP network (such as the Internet). “Anonymous FTP” (the most common usage on the Internet) allows a user to download files without having an account at the remote computer.
hexadecimal A number system that uses 16 as the base. (Place value indicates powers of 16.) It uses the digits 0-9 and A-F. Used around computers because a byte (eight binary digits) easily converts to a two digit hexadecimal number. Hexadecimal numbers are often indicated with the letter H, a dollar sign, or a subscripted 16 after the number. Compare binary, decimal. host adapter An expansion board that serves as a controller for SCSI devices.
I/O address Input-Output address. How the CPU sees an I/O port. It puts data into this address or reads the data in it. The device at the other end of the I/O port gets the data from that address or puts the data there, respectively. IRQ Interrupt Request. A signal that, when received by the CPU, makes it stop what it is doing to do something else. An interrupt is a way in which a particular device in a computer communicates with the CPU.
LAN Local Area Network. LPT1 Name assigned to the parallel port by the Windows operating system. A second parallel device is assigned LPT2 (if there is another parallel port). Also called the printer port. M master Part of a two-sided communication that initiates commands (to a “slave” that carries out the commands). megabyte (MB) 1,048,576 bytes. memory Electronic storage area in a computer that retains information and programs.
MMX A processor architecture that enhances multimedia and communications. This technology processes multiple data elements in parallel, speeding up such things as image processing, motion video, speech synthesis, telephony, and 3-D graphics. modem MOdulator-DEModulator. A device that links computers over a telephone line. MPC Multimedia Personal Computer, a software and hardware standard developed by a consortium of computer firms led by Microsoft.
P page A type of message transmission in which a message is sent or received via modem to a paging device from a computer (with paging communications software) or telephone. parallel interface Interface that communicates eight bits at a time. parallel printer A printer with a parallel interface. parameter A characteristic of a device or system determined by a command or setting whose purpose is to define or limit the characteristic.
plug and play Refers to the ability of a computer system to automatically configure expansion boards and other devices. This enables you to plug in a device and use it, without worrying about setting DIP switches, jumpers, and other configuration elements. port Any connection by which data can enter or leave a computer or peripheral. You plug cables into ports. Provides the means for an interface between the microprocessor and external devices.
reset The process of returning a device to zero or to an initial or arbitrarily selected condition. resolution The degree of screen image clarity. Video display resolution is determined by the number of pixels on the screen. Resolution is usually specified in pixels by scan lines, for example, 640 by 480. See pixels. RS-232C Standard interface for serial devices. S SEC Single-Edge Contact. The SEC cartridge containing the Pentium II processor. See Slot 1.
SIMM Single Inline Memory Module. A small circuit board that can hold a group of memory chips. Typically, SIMMs hold up to nine RAM chips. On PCs, the ninth chip is for parity error checking. Unlike memory chips, SIMMs are measured in bytes rather than bits. In today’s SIMMs, each chip holds 2 MB, so a single SIMM holds 16 MB. SIMMs are easier to install than individual memory chips. The bus from a SIMM to the actual memory chips is 32 bits wide.
system board The main printed circuit board inside the system unit into which other boards and major chip components, such as the system microprocessor, are connected. T tpi Tracks per inch. track Any of many concentric circular regions on a disk for storing data. Tracks are divided into sectors. One measure of storage density of a disk is tpi. U Ultra DMA A protocol developed by Quantum Corporation and Intel that supports burst mode data transfer rates of 33.3 MBps.
virus Software that copies itself onto hard drives and diskettes without user intervention, usually when a diskette is placed into the drive of a computer. Viruses usually trigger a harmless or destructive occurrence on the system, activated by some preset condition. Viruses are frequently written with antisocial intent. VGA Video Graphics Array. Graphics technology that supports up to 256 K colors and a graphics resolution of 640 by 480 pixels.
write To record or store information to a storage device. write-back Also called copy back. A cache strategy where write operations to data stored in the internal microprocessor L1 cache aren’t copied to system memory until absolutely necessary. In contrast, a writethrough cache performs all write operations in parallel — data is written to system memory and the L1 cache simultaneously.
Index 3 3 1/2-inch hard drive, installing, 5-59 5 5 1/4-inch device installing, 5-49, 5-56, 5-62 removing the blank plastic panel, 5-54 replacing the blank plastic panel, 5-55 A Advanced menu (BIOS), 3-10 AGP board, 1-14, 5-16 removing, 5-16 replacing, 5-17 upgrading, 5-15, 5-16, 5-17 Audio, 1-13, B-6 connectors, 1-9, 1-17, B-4 enabling, 3-13 Auto-repeat delay (keyboard), 3-18 Auto-repeat rate (keyboard), 3-18 B Backing up Cheyenne Backup utility, 4-9 NEC Auto Backup, 4-20 reminder, 3-22 when shipping th
tape backup unit. See Cables; IDE drive. Zip drive. See Cables; IDE drive. Cabling, 5-46 CD-ROM drive. See Cabling; IDE drive. diskette drive, 5-46, 5-47 IDE drive, 5-46 internal SCSI device, 5-46, 5-48 PC card adapter, 5-46, 5-48 power, 5-46 tape backup unit. See Cabling; IDE drive. Wake-On LAN, 5-49 Zip drive. See Cabling; IDE drive. Cache memory specifications, B-3 Calendar clock specifications, B-4 CD-ROM drive, 1-5 cables. See IDE drive; cables. cabling. See IDE drive; cabling.
Controller, motion video playback, 1-18 Controls, system unit, 1-3 Cover, 5-4 CPU. See Processor.
port, 1-11 setup, 2-2 Features front, 1-2 hardware, 1-17 internal, 1-12 rear, 1-7 security, 1-20 software, 1-18 FLASH diskette, 3-25 FTP site, 7-3 H Hard drive backing up, 2-8 jumper settings, 3-53 rebuilding, 3-28 repartitioning, 3-28 specifications, B-9 upgrading, 5-59 Hardware, features, 1-17 Healthy Environment online brochure, 1-19 installing, 3-38, 3-43 Heatsink, 5-26 Help from NECC dealer, 6-16 from your company, 6-15 NECC repair service, 6-16 I IDE drive cables, 5-41, 5-45 cabling, 5-46 installing
L L2 cache ECC support, 3-9 Lamps, 1-3 disk, 1-4 power, 1-4 LAN connector, 1-11 minitower riser board jumper settings, 3-52 LANDesk Client Manager, 1-19, 4-4 chassis intrusion notification, 4-8 DMI, 4-7 Wake-On LAN, 4-4 Line in, 1-9 Line out, 1-9 Location battery, 6-14 expansion slots, 5-33 Locking tab, 1-21, 5-7, 5-10 M Main menu (BIOS), 3-5, 3-8 Maintenance menu (BIOS), 3-7 Managing Workstations, 4-5 Master device, 5-44 McAfee VirusScan, 1-19 Memory, 1-17 checking, 5-20 DIMMs, 1-17, 3-9, 5-18 specificati
used on a remote CD, 3-40 used with a SCSI drive, 3-40 NEC SNMP Agent, 1-19, 4-10 configuring, Windows 95 or Windows 98, 4-11 configuring, Windows NT, 4-12 installing, 4-11 NEC WebTelligent, 1-19, 4-13 installing, 4-16 requirements, 4-15 NECC email/fax service, 7-3 FTP site, 7-3 technical support services, 7-4 website, 7-2 NECC Customer Assistance Center, 7-4 NECC repair service, 6-16 Network board cabling, 5-49 Network setup, 2-2 O Online documentation Healthy Environment, 1-19, 3-43 NEC Help Center, 1-19
CD-ROM drive, 6-2 common, 6-2 date, incorrect, 6-10 disk error, 6-4, 6-9 diskette drive, 6-4 keyboard, 6-5 low battery, 6-10 monitor, 6-6 mouse, 6-7 password, 6-11 performance, 6-10 power, 6-9 speakers, 6-8 system, 6-9 time, incorrect, 6-10 Processor heatsink, 5-26 specifications, B-2 speed, 3-8 upgrading, 5-15, 5-23 Removing the desktop front panel, 5-50 Repair service, 6-16 Repartitioning the hard drive, 3-28 Replacing 3 1/2-inch hard drive, 5-59 5 1/4-inch device, 5-49, 5-56, 5-62 battery, 6-13 hard dri
password, 1-20 unattended start, 1-20 Windows, 1-20 Security menu (BIOS), 3-19 Select Install CD. See NEC Select Install CD. Serial port, 1-9 Setting date, 3-10 time, 3-10 Setup fax/modem, 2-2 keyboard, 2-2 monitor, 2-2 mouse, 2-2 network, 2-2 power, 2-3 speakers, 2-2 voltage selector switch, 2-3 Setup utility. See BIOS Setup utility.
replacing, 5-29 upgrading, 5-15 System fan, 1-11 System features, 1-17 System management, 4-2 Cheyenne Backup utility, 4-9 LANDesk Client Manager, 4-4 NEC Auto Backup utility, 4-20 NEC Configuration Change Notification, 4-19 NEC Security, 4-10 NEC SNMP Agent, 4-10 NEC WebTelligent, 4-13 System memory, 1-17 checking, 5-20 System unit cleaning, 2-7 cover, 5-4 T Tape backup unit, 1-6 cables. See IDE drive; cables. cabling. See IDE drive; cabling.
W Wake-On LAN BIOS setting, 3-23 cabling, 5-49 Website, 7-2 WebTelligent. See NEC WebTelligent. Windows 95 installing, 3-28 Windows 95 or Windows 98, 1-18 Windows NT, 1-18 installing, 3-28 Z Zip drive, 1-6 cables. See IDE drive; cables. cabling. See IDE drive; cabling.
Regulatory Statements The following regulatory statements include the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Radio Frequency Interference Statement, the Note for Canada, CMOS battery replacement information, and the Declaration of Conformity. FCC Statement for United States Only Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
CMOS Battery Replacement A lithium battery in some computers maintains system configuration information. In the event that the battery fails to maintain system configuration information, NEC recommends that you replace the battery. For battery replacement information, see “Battery Replacement” in Chapter 6 of this guide or call your NECC dealer or the NECC Technical Support Center. There is a danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced.
NEC Computers Inc. DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY We, the Responsible Party NEC Computers Inc. 8350 Fruitridge Road Sacramento, CA 95826 (916) 388-0101 declare that the product NEC POWERMATE 8100 SERIES is in conformity with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation of this product is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.