GRAPHIC SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR • The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice. • No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the express written consent of the manufacturer. • In no event will the manufacturer and its suppliers being liable to you or any other person for any damages, expenses, lost profits, lost savings or any other damages arising out of use of or inability to use this calculator or manual.
that your data is safely stored as long as power is being supplied to the memory. Data stored in memory will be irreparably damaged or lost entirely if you let battery power become too low, if you make a mistake while replacing batteries, or if power is cut off. Data can also be damaged by strong impact or electrostatic charge, or by environmental extremes. Once data is damaged or lost, it cannot be recovered, so we strongly recommend that you back up all important data. Contents About the Power Supply ...
2-2 Special Functions ............................................ 42 Answer (Ans) function ........................................ 42 Continuous calculation function ........................... 44 Replay function.................................................. 45 Error position display function .............................. 46 Multistatement function .......................................46 2-3 Functional calculations ............................... 47 Angular measurement units .......................
Input Ranges of Functions ....................... 132 Specifications ....................................... 135 Battery Replacement If the display becomes dim, replace the battery with new one according to the following procedures. Battery: CR2032 x 1 1. Turn off the Graphic Scientific Calculator. 2. With a screwdriver, remove the screws of back cover. 3. Remove the old battery and insert the new one immediately (+ side must be UP). 4. Replace the back cover.
9.Program clear 10.Input buffer clear 11.Replay memory clear * Never press the RESET button while internal operations are being performed. Doing so can cause irreparable damage to the memory of your calculator. The keys of this unit perform a number of different functions. The key illustrated below, for example, is used to perform 4 different functions:x-1, x!, A, /A. Handling precautions • Avoid dropping your calculator and subjecting it to other strong impacts.
: : Sci: Fix: hyp: : : Program WRT T mode key pressed. key pressed. Number of significant digits specified. Number of decimal places specified. key pressed. Degrees specified at the unit of angular measurement. Radians specified at the unit of angular measurement. : Grads specified at the unit of angular measurement. WRT : Program write mode ( ) specified. PCL : Program clear mode ( ) specified. X= : Indicates current x-and y-coordinate location of Trace function pointer.
• Sexagesimal value display 1.2x10111. 120,000,000,000 1.211 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.2x1011. This means that you should move the decimal point in 1.2 eleven places to the right, since the exponent is positive. This results in the value 120,000,000,000. Special operation keys Shift key 1.2x10-3. 0.0012 1.2-03 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.2x10-3. This means that you should move the decimal point in 1.2 three places to left, since the exponent is negative.
angular measurement is specified as degrees. If ... displayed. If is pressed, unit of angular measurement is specified as radians. ... displayed. If is pressed, unit of angular measurement is specified as grads. is pressed without entering a value, the current number of memories available and remaining steps will be displayed . M-26 S-320 ... Specifies COMP mode for arithmetic ... Fix displayed. Entering a value from 0 to 9 calculation or function calculation (program execution possible).
pressing displays it from the end. This allows the formula to be executed again by changing the values. Pressing followed by displays the insert cursor ( ). Entering a value while the insert cursor is displayed inserts the value in the position immediately preceding the insert cursor location. Pressing command. followed by enters the "Lbl" (Label) Pressing followed by makes it possible to produce line graphs or regression lines.
calculation or to advance to the next execution after a calculation result is obtained. Answer/Minus key Pressing followed by will recall the last calculation result. When used during program execution, the last result calculated is recalled. Press following key to entering a numeric value to make that value negative. Ex. -123 123 Press following key to input a space. Numeric/Decimal point/Exponent input keys Calculation keys When entering numeric values, enter the number in order. Press the position.
Graph keys Used to produce a variety of graphs. These keys cannot be used in the BASE-N mode. • clears the graph display (" done" is displayed). Function keys Press for functional calculation. Various uses are available Graph/Original zoom key • Press before entering a formula to be used for a graph ("Graph Y = " appears on the display). • Press to return an enlarged or reduced graph to its original size.
• When pressed following the key in the BASE-N mode, the subsequently entered value is specified as a decimal value. Square/Fraction key • When pressed following the key in the BASE-N mode,the subsequently entered value is specified as an octal value. Reciprocal/Factorial key • Press after a numeric value is entered to obtain the square of that value. • Press after entering a value to obtain the reciprocal of that value.
• Press in the BASE-N mode to enter C (1210) of a hexadecimal value. Parenthesis keys Trigonometric function/ Inverse trigonometric function keys . • Press one of these keys prior to entering a value to obtain the respective trigonometric function for the value. • Press and then one of these keys prior to entering a value to obtain the respective inverse trigonometric function for the value. • Press in the BASE-N mode to enter D, E, F (1310,1410 , 1510) of a hexadecimal value.
Pressing any other key besides well as , , , or (as ) cancels contrast adjustment. * If the display becomes dim and difficult to read, even if you increase contrast, it probably means that battery power is getting low. In such a case, replace batteries as soon as possible. * Contrast adjustment is impossible during range display using the key . key or during factor display using the 2 + 3 x (log sin2π 2 + 6.8)=22.
Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal conversion and calculations, as well as logical operations. Function calculations and graph drawing cannot be performed. 3.SD mode Standard deviation calculation (single-variable statistics). 4. LR mode Regression calculation (paired-variable statistics). With so many modes available, calculations should always be performed after confirming which mode is active.
10 digits and displayed. And the displayed mantissa can be used for the next calculation. 3 x 10 5 ÷ 7 = * Values are stored in memory with 12 digits for the mantissa and 2 digits for the exponent. Overflow and errors If the calculation range of the unit is exceeded, or incorrect inputs are made, an error message will appear on the display window and subsequent operation will be impossible. This is the error check function.
(5) Mem ERROR (6) Syn ERROR (7) Arg ERROR Besides these, there are a "Ne ERROR" (nesting error) and a "Go ERROR". These errors mainly occur when using programs. Number of input characters This unit features a 127-step area for calculation execution. One function comprises one step. Each press of numeric or , , and such operations as keys comprise one step. Though require two key operations, they actually comprise only one function and, therefore, only one step.
Operations to clear the display depend upon the type of display being shown: Graphs: Text: Pressing the key causes a cleared text display to appear if pressed during a graph display. Corrections • To make corrections in a formula that is being input, use the and keys to move to the position of the error and press the correct keys.
If, However, more is to be added to the formula, advance the cursor using the key to the end of the formula for input. • If an unnecessary character has been included in a formula, use the and keys to move to the position of the error and press the of key. Each press will delete one command (one step).
values with 12 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an exponent can be stored. To store 123.45 in memory A : Values are assigned to a memory using the followed by the memory name. key To store the sum of memory A + 78.9 in memory B : TO add 74.12 to memory B : •To check the contents of a memory , press the name of the memory to be checked followed by .
• To store the same numeric value to multiple memories, press followed by . To store a value of 10 in memories A through J: Memory expansion Though there are 26 standard memories, they can be expanded by changing program storage steps to memory. Memory expansion is performed by converting 8 steps to one memory. Memory is expanded in units of one. A maximun of 50 memories can be added for a maximum total of 76 (26+50).
To initialize the number of memories (to return the number to 26), enter a zero for the value in the memory expansion sequence outlined above. * Though a maximum of 50 memories can be added, if a program has already been stored and the number of remaining steps is less than the desired expansion, an error will be generated. The size of the memory expansion must be equal to or less than the number of steps remaining. * The expansion procedure ( also be stored as a program.
Manual Calculations Arithmetic operations • Arithmetic operations are performed by pressing the keys in the same sequence as in the formula. • For negative values, press value. before entering the • For mixed arithmetic operations, multiplication and division are given priority over addition and subtraction.
Parenthesis calculations 38
Memory calculations • The contents of memories are not erased when power is off.
Specifying the number of decimal places, the number of significant digits and the exponent display • To specify the number of decimal places, press followed by , a value indicating the number of places (0-9) and then . • To specify the number of significant digits, press followed by , a value indicating the number of significant digits (0-9 to set from 1 to 10 digits) and then .
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Answer function The Answer function stores the result of the most recent calculation. Once a numeric value or numeric expression is entered and function. is pressed, the result is stored by this To recall the stored value, press the key. When is pressed, "Ans" appears on the display along with the Answer function value. The value can be used in subsequent calculations. * Since the "Ans" function works just like any other memory,it will be referred to as "Ans memory" throughout this manual.
123+456 = 579 789-579 = 210 Numeric values with 12 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an exponent can be stored in the Ans memory. The Ans memory is not cleared even if the power of the unit is turned off. Each time is pressed, the value in the Ans memory is replaced with the value produced by the new calculation. When execution of a calculation results in an error, however, the Ans memory retains its current value.
Continuous calculation function Even if calculations are concluded with the key, the result obtained can be used for further calculations. Such calculations are performed with 10-digit mantissa of the displayed value. To calculate ÷ 3.14 after 3 x 4 = 12: To calculate 1 ÷ 3 x 3 =: This function can be used with memory and Type A functions ( x2, x-1, x!, °’ ”, °, r, g, ), +, –, xy , and x .
Replay function This function stores the latest formula executed. After execution is complete, pressing either the key will display the formula. or Pressing will display the formula from the beginning, with the cursor located under the first character. Pressing will display the formula from the end, with the cursor located at the space following the last character. After this, use and to move the cursor, to check the formula. You can edit numeric values or commands for subsequent execution.
Error position display function When an ERROR message appears, press or to display the calculation with the cursor located at the step that caused the error. You can also clear an error by pressing and then reenter the values and formulas from the beginning. 14 ÷ 0 x 2.3 mistakenly input instead of 14 ÷ 10 x 2.3: Multistatement function • The multistatement function available in program calculations can also be used in manual calculations.
* The final result of a multistatement is always displayed, regardless of whether a " " symbol is input at the end of the last statement in the chain. * Consecutive calculations contained in multistatements cannot be performed. Angular measurement units • The unit of angular measurement (degrees, radians, grads) is set by pressing followed by a value from 4 through 6 and then . • The numeric value from 4 through 6 specifies degrees, radians and grads respectively.
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Trigonmetric functions and inverse trigonometric functions • Be sure to set the unit of angular measurement before performing trigonometric function and inverse trigonometric function calculations. • The operations noted below cannot be performed in the BASE-N mode.
Logarithmic and exponential functions • The operations noted below cannot be performed in the BASE-N mode.
Hyperbolic funcitions and inverse hyperbolic functions • The operations noted below cannot be performed in the BASE-N mode.
Coordinate transformation • Your calculator lets you convert between rectangular coordinates and polar coordinates. •Rectangular coordinates •Polar coordinates • Calculation results are stored in variable memory I and variable memory J. Contents of variable memory I are displayed first. To display contents of memory J, press . • With polar coordinates, can be calculated within a range of -180° < 180°. The calculation range is the same for radians and grads.
Other functions ( ,x2 , x-1 ,x! ,3 ,Ran# , Abs, Int , Frac ) • The operations noted below cannot be performed in the BASE-N mode.
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Fractions • Fractions are input and displayed in the following order : integer, numerator,denominator.
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• Binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal calculations, conversions and logical operations are performed in the BASE-N mode (press ). • The number system (2,8,10,16) is set by respectively pressing or followed by .A corresponding symbol "b", "o", "d", or "h" appears on the display. • Number systems are specified for specific values by pressing , then the number system designator (b, o, d,or h), immediately followed by the value. • General function calculations cannot be performed in the BASE-N mode.
• Negative numbers in binary, octal and hexadecimal are expressed as two's complements. • To distinguish the A, B, C, D, E and F used in the hexadecimal system from standard letters, they appear as shown in the chart below.
Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal conversions Negative expressions 59
Basic arithmetic operations using binary, octal,decimal and hexadecimal values 60
Logical operations Logical operations are performed through logical products (and), logical sums (or), negation (Not), exclusive logic sums (xor), and negation of exclusive logical sums (xnor).
Standard deviation • Standard deviation calculations are performed in the SD mode ( ). "SD" appears on the display. • Before beginning calculations, the statistical memories are cleared by pressing followed by . • Individual data are input using and then . • Multiple data of the same value can be input either by repeatedly pressing or by entering the data, pressing ,followed by , that represents the number of times the data is repeated, and then .
* Erroneous data clearing/correction I (Correct data operation: 51 If 50 • If only x data is repeated (x data having the same value), ) is entered, enter correct data after pressing data is repeated, and then . • If only y data is repeated (y data having the same value), . If 49 enter y data or y data followed by a value representing the number of times the was input a number of entries previously, enter correct data after pressing 49 .
* Erroneous data clearing/correction ( correct data Linear regression operation: 10 1003 If 11 pressing . If 11 1003 after pressing If 11 ) 1003 is entered, enter correct data after is entered, enter correct data . 1003 was entered previously, enter correct data after pressing 11 1003 . Logarithmic regression • The regression formula is y = A + B•Inx. Enter the x data as the logarithm (In) of x, and the y data inputs the same as that for linear regression.
Exponential regression • The regression formula is y = A•eB•x (Iny = InA + Bx). Enter the y data as the logarithm of y(ln), and the x data the same as that for linear regression. • Estimated values , and based on the regression formula can be calculated using the following formulas: • Correction is performed the same as in linear regression. Constant term A is obtained by estimated value , is obtained by x , and estimated value is obtained by y .
Power regression • The regression formula is y=A•xB (lny=InA + BInx). Enter both data x and y as logarithms (In). • Estimated values , and based on the regression formula can be calculated using the following formulas: 3 Graphs The COMP mode of the RUN mode should be used when graphing functions. Some graphs can be produced in the SD and LR modes, but certain graphs cannot be produced in these modes. The BASE-N mode cannot be used for graphs.
the range of the first graph. The first graph is produced by using the previously mentioned operation ( function key] ). Subsequent graphs are produced using the variable X in the operation By inputting each axis, as well as their scales (distance between hash marks). Before drawing a graph, you should first specify range parameters to set the size of the graph.
Press to return to the display that was shown before entering the range display. Press to return to the display that was shown before entering the range display. • Checking range parameters You can input range parameters as expressions (such as 2π) and these expressions are automatically converted to the values. Press the key and the range parameter setting screen appears on the display. Press to scroll through the range parameter settings without changing them.
User generated function graphs After performing range settings, user generated graphs can be drawn simply by entering the function (formula) after * If the maximum and minimum values of an axis are equal, and error (Ma ERROR) will be generated when an attempt is made to produce a graph.
* Be sure to input variable X ( ) into the formula when using built-in graphs for overdraw. If variable X is not included in the second formula, the second graph is produced after clearing the first graph. Zoom function This function lets you enlarge or reduce the x - and y-coordinates. If you use the Trace or Plot function to locate the pointer at a specific point on the graph, the enlargement/reduction is performed using the pointer location as the center point.
• Reducing a graph To reduce the graph for y=sinx by a factor of 1.5 on the x-axis and 2.0 on the y-axis. Use the following range parameters for the original graph. Xmin: -360 Ymin: -1.6 Xmax: 360 Ymax : 1.6 Xscl:180 Yscl: 1 After specifying the range parameters, graph y=sinx. • To specify the zoom factors within a program Use the following formal to specify the zoom factors in a program.
first 82 83
As you can see above, the Trace and Zoom functions can be used to locate the pointer at an approximate point, and then produces a readout of the coordinates. (including the blinking pointer ) created with the Plot function with a straight line. With this function, user generated lines can be added to graphs to make them easier to read. To return the graph to its original size, press Draw perpendiculars from point (2,0) on the xaxis to its intersection with the graph for y=3x.
Next, a perpendicular will be drawn from the same point on the graph to the y-axis. First, plot the point on the graph and use the cursor key ( ) to move the pointer to the yaxis. This can be accomplished using Plot X,Y since the x-y coordinates of the point on the graph are stored in the X and Y memories. * The Line function can only be used to draw lines between the blinking pointer and a fixed point created using the Plot function.
Program Calculations The following examples are presented to show you some ways that the graphing functions can be used effectively. To graph the function y=x3-9x2+27x+50 Use the following range parameters. Xmin : -5 Ymin : -30 Xmax : 10 Ymax : 150 Xscl : 2 Yscl : 20 This unit has a built-in program feature that facilitates repeat calculations. The program feature is used for the consecutive execution of formulas in the same way as the "multistatement" feature is used in manual calculations.
With this unit,the operations performed for manual calculations can be used as they are in a program.Once program execution starts,it will continue in order without stopping.Therefore,commands are required to request the input of data and to display results.The command to request data input is "?",while that to display results is " " . A "?" within a program will cause execution to stop temporarily and a "?" to appear on the display as the unit waits for data input.
After these operations are complete,the program is stored. *After the program is stored,press to return to the RUN mode. Program execution Programs are executed in the RUN mode .The program area to be executed is specified using the key. To execute P0: 0 To execute P3: 3 To execute P8: 8 Here the sample program that has been stored will be executed.
Formulas For a surface area S,volume V and one side A, S and V for a regular tetrahedron are defined as: The octahedron program can be changed to a tetrahedron program by deleting the parts marked with wavy lines,and changing those that are marked with straight lines. In actual practice,this would be performed as follows: Programming As with the previous example,the length of one side is stored in memory A and the program then constructed.
After a program has been created and input,it will sometimes generate error messages when it is executed,or it will produce unexpected results.This indicates that there is an error somewhere within the program that needs to be corrected. Such programming errors are referred to as "bugs", while correcting them is called "debugging".
Mem ERROR (memory error) Arg ERROR Indicates the attempt to use a memory name such as Z [5] without having expanded memories. Check whether values specified by Arg ERROR ( Argument error) Indicates the argument of a command or specification in a program exceeds the input range (e.g. Sci 10, Goto 11) Further operation will become impossible when an error message is displayed. Press , or to cancel the error. (Sci) or (Fix) are within the range of 0~9.
At this time, each press of a cursor key or will cause the cursor to move to the next sequential step, For example: This unit contains a total of 10 program areas (P0 through P9) for the storage of programs. These program areas are all utilized in the same manner, and 10 independent programs can be input .One main program (main routine) and a number of secondary programs(subroutines) can also be stored. The total number of steps available for storage in program areas P0 through P9 is 400 maximum.
Cautions concerning the calculation modes All key operations available in each calculation mode can be stored as programs, but, depending on the calculation mode, certain commands of functions cannot be used. BASE-N mode • Function calculations cannot be performed. • Units of angular measurement cannot be specified. • All program commands can be used. • Be sure to include a " " at the final result output to return to the previous calculation mode when a program execution is terminated.
The programs for this unit are made based upon manual calculations. Special program commands, however, are available to allow the selection of the formula, and repetitive execution of the same formula. Here, some of these commands will be used to produce more convenient programs. Jump commands Jump commands are used to change the flow of program execution. Programs are executed in the order that they are input (from the lowest step number first ) until the end of the program is reached.
Calculate y=ax+b when the value for x changes each time , while a and b can also change depending upon the calculation. ?, , A , : ,?, ,B, : ,Lbl, 1,: ,?, , X,:, A ,x, X, +, B , Goto , 1 23 steps When this program is executed, the values for a and b are stored in memories A and B respectively. After that, only the value for x can be changed . In this way an unconditional jump is made in accordance with “Goto “and “Lbl”, and the flow of program execution is changed.
then Goto 1 returns execution to Lbl 1. Execution from Lbl 2 will display the sum that has been stored in memory B. Actually, the display command “ ” is inserted following B , but here it can be omitted. The following illustration shows the flow of the program: lsz Dsz Increase memory A by one............Isz A Decrease memory B by one ..........Dsz B Count jumps The count jumps cause the value in a specified memory to be increased or decreased by 1.
Determine the altitude at one-second intervals of a ball thrown into the air at an initial velocity of Vm/ sec and an angle of S °. The formula is expressed as: h=Vsin t-1/2gt2 , with g=9.8, with the effects of air resistance being disregarded. Program Deg , : ,0, , T ,: , ? , ,V,: ,?, , S, :, Lbl , 1, : ,lsz , T, : ,V , x ,sin , S, x, T,-, 2 9,•,8,x,T,x , ÷, 2, ,Goto, 1 38 steps In this program the unit of angular measurement is set and memory T is first initialized (cleared).
Subroutines A program contained in a single program area is called a “ main routine” . Often used program segments stored in other program areas are called “ subroutines”. Subroutines can be used in a variety of ways to help make calculations easier. They can be used to store formulas for repeat calculations as one block to be jumped to each time , or to store often used formulas or operations for call up as required.
of P1, the result of P9 needs no further modification and so is immediately displayed upon return to P1. Calculation of the volumes is also performed in a similar manner. After a jump is made to P8 for calculation, execution returns to the main routines, In P0, the program ends after the volume of the octahedron is displayed . In P1 , however, the result calculated in P8 is divided by four to obain the volume of the tetrahedron.
A A [0] A[1] A[2] A[3] A[4] A[5] A[6] B[-1] B [0] B[1] B[2] B[3] B[4] B[5] C[-2] C[-1]C[0] C[1] C[2] C[3] C[4] . . . G[-6] G[-5] G[-4] G[-3] G[-2] G[-1] G[0] A [23] A[24] A[25] A[26] A[27] B[22] B[23] B[24] B[25] B[26] C[21] C[22] C[23] C[24] C[25] . . . G[17] G[18] G[19] G20] G[21] . . . X [0] X[1] X[2] X[3] X[4] Y[-1] Y [0] Y[1] Y[2] Y[3] Z[-2] Z[-1] Z [0] Z[1] Z[2] The following shows a case in which array-type memories overlap with standard format memories. This situation should always be avoided.
Example program 2 The same memories are used as in Example 1, but two types of memory names are used and the x and y data kept separate.
This program calculates the x power of 2. A prompt of “N =? ” appears for data input. The result is displayed by pressing while “x=” is displayed . When an input data is not the x power of 2, the display “ NO “ appears and execution returns to the beginning for reinput . Messages are also convenient when displaying result in program calculations .
Program the equation for the first graph. Graph, X, Xy,4, -, X, xy ,3,-,2,4,X,x2,+, 4, X, +,8,0 Finally program the equation for the second graph. Graph, 1, 0, X, -,3, 0 Total 27 steps Function Reference Manual Calculations When inputting this program, press after input of the first equation. The following should appear on the display when the program is executed: A “ ” can be input after the first equation to suspend execution after the first graph is produced.
124 125
126 127
Program Calculations 128 129
Error Message Table 130 131
Input Ranges of Functions 132 133
Specifications Graph functions Built-in function graphs: Types of graphs: Graph functions: (20 types) sin, cos, tan, sin-1, cos-1, tan-1, sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh-1, cosh-1, tanh-1, log, In, 10x, e x, x2 , √, 3√, x-1. User generated function graphs Rectangular coordinates Range specification, Overdraw, Trace, Zoom (xf,x1/f , factor, original (resume)), plot, Line, Scroll Calculations Errors may be cumulative with internal continuous calculations such as xy , x√y ,x! , 3√x ,sometimes affecting accuracy .
Special functions: Memories: Calculation range: Rounding: Linear regression - number of data, sum of x , sum of y, sum of squares of x, sum of squares of y, mean of x, mean of y, standard deviation of x , standard deviation of y , constant term, regression coefficient, correlation coefficient, estimated value of x, estimated value of y. Insert, delete, replay functions, substitution (=), multistatement (: and ). 26 standard (maximum 76), Ans memory. ±1 x 10-99~9.999999999 x 1099 and 0.
