MODEL The New Oxford American Dictionary Oxford American Thesaurus of Current English Garner's Modern American Usage PW-E550 ELECTRONIC DICTIONARY OPERATION MANUAL Page • Getting Started ............................................................................ 2 • Using the New Oxford American Dictionary ............................ 14 • Using the Oxford American Thesaurus of Current English .... 18 • Using Garner's Modern American Usage ...............................
Introduction Thank you for purchasing the SHARP Electronic Dictionary, model PW-E550. The PW-E550 contains data based on the following dictionaries (see page 4): • The New Oxford American Dictionary • Oxford American Thesaurus of Current English • Garner's Modern American Usage After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference. • Clean only with a soft, dry cloth. Do not use solvents. • Use only a SHARP approved service facility.
CONTENTS Getting Started Using the PW-E550 for the first time ............................................................ 2 Layout ........................................................................................................... 5 Basic Operation ............................................................................................ 7 Set-up Menu ............................................................................................... 11 Inputting Characters ...........................
Getting Started Using the PW-E550 for the first time Be sure to perform the following operations before using the PW-E550 for the first time. 1. Set the battery replacement switch on the bottom of the unit to the ‘REPLACE BATTERY’ position. 6. Open the unit and press o to turn the power on. The LCD contrast screen will appear. • Should a different screen appear, follow the reset procedure on page 29.
Turning the power on/off Key notation used in this manual The power can be switched on by pressing the keys listed below. To turn off the power, press o. Display status upon start-up Key o Restores the display as it was before the unit was switched off (Resume function). m The main menu screen appears.
Data contained in the PW-E550 The dictionary data contained in this unit are based on the following dictionaries: • New Oxford American Dictionary © Oxford University Press 2001 • The Oxford American Thesaurus of Current English © Oxford University Press 1999 • Garner's Modern American Usage © Bryan A. Garner 2003 * All rights reserved.
Layout Display symbols (Refer to the next page for details) Display Dictionary/function selection key Menu key Font size shift key Power on/off key Clear key Back space key 2nd function key Utility keys for Dictionaries Escape key Page scroll key Cursor keys Enter key 5
Key assignments Display symbols : Opens the input screen for the New Oxford American Dictionary This symbol will be displayed when the battery level is low. Promptly replace the old battery with a new one. : Opens the input screen for the Oxford American Thesaurus of Current English Indicates that the key sound (beep) is set to ON. : Opens the input screen for Garner's Modern American Usage Indicates that ^ has been pressed.
Basic Operation Inputting words for a dictionary search In this section, the basic search operation is described. For details, refer to the manual chapter for each dictionary. Find definitions of ‘sharp’ in the New Oxford American Dictionary. 1. Press d to display the input screen for the New Oxford American Dictionary, then input ‘sha’. The entries starting with ‘sha’ is listed. Selecting a dictionary / function in the main menu Press m. The main menu appears.
List view: selecting an item; scrolling Filter search view: selecting an item; scrolling Press d to display the initial screen of the New Oxford American Dictionary, then press e. The list view of the New Oxford American Dictionary appears. Press d, then type A, and B. Selecting an item or a word Selecting each entry Use the corresponding number key to the index number on the left of each item, or use the { or } key to place the cursor on the desired item, followed by pressing the e key.
Detailed view: scrolling Shifting the displayed character size (z) Press d, then type A, and e. The detailed view with definitions appears. Press the z key to shift the character size to be displayed. 12 dot-based (vertical pixel resolution) or 9 dot-based characters can be selected. For instance, press z to display the 12 dot characters to 9 dot characters. Press z again to toggle back the displayed characters to 12 dot-base.
Listing a summary of detailed view items (q) Browsing Notes (r) The Quick view function suppresses some examples and additional information, and lists the main sections and senses from each detailed view entry. Use this function to browse quickly through the summary of an entry. A Note icon ( ) may appear in the detailed view. This indicates that a note can be selected to view extra information (additional information, usage note, etc.) of the entry. Press r to select the icon.
Note: Set-up Menu Using the r key will display the following: Press m to display the main menu, then press 5. The set-up menu appears. • The New Oxford American Dictionary • Usage notes • Additional (boxed) information • Oxford American Thesaurus of Current English • Additional information • Garner’s Modern American Usage • Additional information Select a desired item to change the setting. • To delete the history list, see page 24.
Setting the Auto power off activation time Inputting Characters This product automatically turns its power off to save the battery. The auto power off time is set to five minutes by default. Methods of inputting characters are described in this section. 1. Press m, 5, then 2. Character entry The Auto power off setting screen appears. A simple example of inputting characters is shown below. Enter a word ‘clear’ for search. 1.
Modifying entry • Convert uppercase letters to lowercase. Deleting unnecessary characters Word AC Entry for search ac UK uk 1. Press d to open the input screen of the New Oxford American Dictionary. 2. Type ‘external’. • Spell out the numbers when applicable. Word 4WD Entry for search fourwd A5 afive • Enter ‘and’ instead of ‘&’. 3. While the cursor is at the end of the string, press ( three times to delete ‘nal’. 4.
Using the New Oxford American Dictionary In this Dictionary, definitions of a word can be found by entering its spelling. Features such as Phrase search, Crossword solver, and Anagram solver are also available. Looking up a word (Filter search) A definition of a word can be looked up by inputting its spelling. • To search a different word, simply input a new spelling for the word, or press b or d to go to the dictionary's input screen.
Phrase search Crossword solver To search for idioms or phrasal verbs, enter no more than three words in the input field. The phrases containing ALL the entered words can be searched for. Use a wildcard character ‘?’ to search for words with ambiguous spellings. Place the appropriate number of ‘?’ characters in the places of characters yet to be determined. Search for a phrase containing ‘take’ and ‘care’. 1. Press d to open the New Oxford American Dictionary.
Anagram solver Spellcheck function A word or series of letters can be entered to find any matching anagrams found in the New Oxford American Dictionary. The spellcheck function can be helpful when the exact spelling of a query word is not known. Find anagrams for ‘dear’. You are not sure whether ‘liason’ or ‘liaison’ is correct. 1. Press d to open the New Oxford American Dictionary. 1. Press s to open the input screen of the spellcheck function.
4. In the list, select a desired word using the number keys. The detailed view with descriptions of the word is displayed. • If a word selected is not in its original form, and cannot be found as a headword, then the detailed view of the word's original form will be displayed. It may be necessary to scroll down within the detailed view to find the desired word form. • Press f to go back to the previous view. • Press ^ l to list the headwords in the New Oxford American Dictionary.
Using the Oxford American Thesaurus of Current English Input a word in this Thesaurus to find its synonyms, as well as antonyms and other related terms in the detailed view. • To search a word in the detailed view, use the Super jump function. • Press f to return to the previous screen. • Press ^ l to list the headwords in the Oxford American Thesaurus of Current English.
Phrase search Further information To search for idioms or phrasal verbs, enter no more than three words in the input field. The phrases containing ALL the entered words can be searched for. For further information on using this thesaurus, refer to the Introduction on pages 43-44. Search for a phrase containing ‘make’ and ‘up’, and find its synonyms. 1. Press t to open the Oxford American Thesaurus of Current English. Press } once to place the cursor at the ‘Phrase search’, then press e.
Using Garner's Modern American Usage Input a word or an essay's title in Garner's Modern American Usage to find the latest American English usages. A word can also be searched in the Select Glossary. Searching by a word or an essay’s title (Filter search) • To search a word in the detailed view, or to search for an item indicated under the , use the Super jump function. • Press f to return to the previous screen. • Press ^ l to list the headings in Garner's Modern American Usage.
Select Glossary If there is no match found Search for a word’s definition in the Select Glossary. The same view / message appears as for the New Oxford American Dictionary. See page 14 for details. Find a definition of ‘lexicology’. Note about entering characters 1. Press g, } then e to open the Select Glossary input screen of Garner’s Modern American Usage. While entering characters, exclude characters such as spaces, hyphens, apostrophes, slashes, and periods. See page 12 for details. 2.
Using the Super jump function Use the Super jump function to select any word in the detailed view of each dictionary, then initiate a search based on the selected word. How to use the Super jump function Initiate a Super jump search via the New Oxford American Dictionary. 1. In the New Oxford American Dictionary, show the detailed view of the word ‘function’. 2. Press v. The cursor appears to select the first word in the view. 3.
Specifying a Dictionary to jump to In step 4 above, press d, t or g instead of pressing e, to specify the Dictionary to jump to. Note icon in the Super jump window When the Note icon appears in the Super jump window, press r and e to view the contents. About the detailed view after the Jump • The behavior and function of the detailed view is the same as the detailed view after an ordinary search. • Press b at the detail view to go back to the Dictionary's input screen.
Using the History function Use the History function to recall a headword or phrase previously searched in the Dictionaries. Deleting a history item 1. Display the history list on the screen. 2. Use the } or { key to place the cursor on the word to be deleted. The reverse color indicates the selected item. 3. Press (. A confirmation dialog for deletion appears. How to use the History function 4. Press Y. The selected word or phrase is deleted.
Using the Calculator function The built-in calculator in the Electronic Dictionary can perform twelve-digit arithmetic calculations with memory function. To access the Calculator function, press a. Calculation examples Example (–24) ÷ 4 – 2 = Operation ! - 24 / 4 - 2 = 34 + 57 = 45 + 57 = 34 + 57 = The second figure (57) = becomes the constant. 45 68 × 25 = (Subtraction and division are performed in the same way as above.) 68 * 25 = The first figure (68) 1,700.
Using the Converter function The Converter function consists of two converters: the Currency converter, and the Metric converter. 3. Use the { } keys to place the cursor at the desired input field, then input the currency name and its rate. In this example, press } and input ‘0.7’. • The currency name field of currency converter is temporarily pre-defined, as seen in the above example.
Metric converter Units capable of being converted Conversions between different units of measurement (length, mass, etc.) can be performed. The following conversion formulae can be utilised. length1: Convert 40 feet to meters. length2: feet ⇔ m 1. Press m 4 2 to access the Metric converter. length3: yard ⇔ m 2. Use { } to select ‘Converter [length2]’. length4: mile ⇔ km inch ⇔ cm weight1: ounce ⇔ g weight2: pound ⇔ kg temperature: °F ⇔ °C volume1: pint ⇔ liter 3.
When to replace the battery Appendices Replace the battery immediately in the following cases: • When Replacing the battery Note: Battery used • Use only the specified alkaline battery. Type Alkaline battery is displayed. • When the message ‘Replace the battery’ appears upon turning the power on. Size / Model Quantity Size “AAA” / LR03 1 Precautions • Fluid from a leaking battery accidentally entering an eye could result in serious injury.
Reset procedure if trouble occurs Specifications Exposure to a strong physical shock or powerful electrical fields may render the keys inoperable, to the point that the power cannot be switched on. If such case is suspected, try following the procedure below. Model: PW-E550 Product name: Electronic Dictionary Reset procedures Display: 159 × 80 dot matrix LCD 1. Press the RESET switch located on the bottom of the unit with the tip of a ball-point pen or similar object.
Troubleshooting Solutions to possible symptoms may be found here. The unit cannot be switched on. • Check if the battery is drained. See page 28. • Check the battery replacement switch; it should be set at the ‘NORMAL OPERATION’ position. See page 2. • Check the polarity of the battery. See page 2. • Verify the LCD contrast setting; the power may be switched on, but the message on the screen may not be visible. See page 12. • If the above settings appear normal, then press the RESET switch. See page 29.
Introductions to the Dictionaries The New Oxford American Dictionary Introduction The New Oxford American Dictionary has been compiled according to principles that are quite different from those of traditional American dictionaries. New types of evidence are now available in sufficient quantity to allow lexicographers to construct a picture of the language that is more accurate than has been possible before.
(a) figurative extension of the core sense, e.g., HEADWORD: backbone CORE SENSE: the series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the pelvis; the spine. SUBSENSE: figurative the chief support of a system or organization; the mainstay: EXAMPLE: these firms are the backbone of our industrial sector. HEADWORD: bankrupt CORE SENSE: (of a person or organization) declared in law unable to pay outstanding debts: EXAMPLE: the company was declared bankrupt.
Specialist Vocabulary Encyclopedic Material One of the most important uses of a dictionary is to provide explanations of terms in specialized fields that are unfamiliar to a general user. Yet in many traditional dictionaries, the definitions have been written by specialists as if for other specialists, and as a result the definitions are often opaque and difficult for the general user to understand.
Grammar In recent years, grammar has begun to enjoy greater prominence than in the past few decades. It is once again being taught explicitly in schools throughout the United States. In addition, there is a recognition that different meanings of a word are closely associated with different lexical and syntactic patterns.
mark those cases in which predicative use would be less usual. [predic.]: used to mark an adjective that is normally used predicatively, i.e., comes after the verb, e.g., ajar in the door was ajar (not the ajar door). [postpositive]: used to mark an adjective that is used postpositively, i.e., typically comes immediately after the noun that it modifies (such uses are unusual in English and generally arise because the adjective has been adopted from a language where postpositive use is standard), e.g.
Examples The New Oxford American Dictionary contains many more examples of words in use than any other comparable dictionary. Generally, they are there to show typical uses of the word or sense. All examples are authentic, in that they represent actual usage.
meaning change of any kind is inherently suspect. For examples of notes on such issues, see preposition, due and hopefully. dated: no longer used by the majority of English speakers, but still encountered occasionally, especially among the older generation. The usage notes in the New Oxford American Dictionary take the view that English is English, not Latin, and that English is, like all living languages, subject to change.
World English English is spoken as a first language by more than 300 million people throughout the world, and used as a second language by many millions more. It is the language of international communication in business, diplomacy, sports, science, technology, and countless other fields. The main regional standards are American, British, Canadian, Australian and New Zealand, South African, Indian, and West Indian.
Variant spellings The main form of each word given in the New Oxford American Dictionary is always the standard American spelling. If there is a standard variant, e.g., a standard British spelling variant, this is indicated at the top of the entry and is cross-referred if its alphabetical position is more than five entries distant from the main entry. For examples, compare esophagus/oesophagus and phyllo/filo.
• present participles dropping a final silent e and adding -ing to the stem, e.g., change → changing; dance → dancing Other forms are given in the dictionary, notably for: Adjectives The following forms for comparative and superlative are regarded as regular and are not shown in the dictionary: • verbs that inflect by doubling a consonant, e.g., bat → batted, batting • words of one syllable adding -er and -est, e.g., great → greater, greatest • verbs ending in -y that inflect by changing -y to -i, e.g.
Key to the Pronunciations n as in need |ne- d|, honor |"än@r|, maiden |"ma- dn| This dictionary uses a simple respelling system to show how entries are pronounced, using the symbols listed below. Generally, only the first of two or more identical headwords will have a pronunciation respelling. Where a derivative simply adds a common suffix such as -less, -ness, or -ly to the headword, the derivative may not have a pronunciation respelling unless some other element of the pronunciation also changes.
Foreign Sounds KH N as in Bach |bäKH| A fricative consonant pronounced with the tongue in the same position as for |k|, as in German Buch and ich, or Scottish loch. - t|, Rodin |ro-"dæN| as in en route |äN"roo The |N| does not represent a consonant; it indicates that the preceding vowel is nasalized, as in French bon (bon voyage) and en (en route).
Oxford American Thesaurus of Current English Guide to The Oxford American Thesaurus of Current English HEADWORDS The text of The Oxford American Thesaurus of Current English is organized under headwords, which are displayed in bold type. The headwords are listed in strict alphabetical order. Many English words have two or more acceptable spellings; in this dictionary, the one used is the one regarded as being the most common.
GROUPS WITHIN SENSES In general, the synonyms in an entry are separated by commas. However, there are cases in which the words fall naturally into two or more distinct groups, which are separated by semicolons. There are various reasons for subdividing a sense in this way: Grammatical Differences Within a given sense, some synonyms may function differently from others. For example: acclaim noun ....
Garner’s Modern American Usage LIST OF ESSAY ENTRIES This data contains essentially two types of entries: (1) word entries, which discuss a particular word or set of words; and (2) essay entries, which address larger questions of usage and style. For ease of reference, the essay entries-whose titles appear throughout the data in capitals-are listed below. H. Modification of Adjectives Ending in -ed I. Adjectives Ending in -ly J. Adjectives That Follow the Noun K. Dates as Adjectives L.
B. Which to Use-Suffixes or more and most? C. Be-Verbs Repeated After Comparatives D. The Double Comparative E. Greater of A [or] B; greater of A [and] B F. Absolute Adjectives F. Ending Sentences with Danglers DATES A. B. C. D. E. Order Month and Year As Adjectives 2010s vs. 2010’s Spans DIALECT A. Definition B. The Nature of Dialect C. Dialect Exemplified D. Bibliography DOCUMENT DESIGN A. Readable Typeface B. White Space C. Headings and Subheadings D. Avoiding All-Caps E. Avoiding Underlines F.
B. Versus Endnotes FOR-; FOREFORMAL WORDS -FREE FUDGE WORDS FUNCTIONAL VARIATION A. Generally B. Nouns as Adjectives C. Adjectives as Nouns D. Nouns as Verbs E. Adjectives as Verbs F. Prepositions as Adverbs or Particles G. Conjunctions as Prepositions H. Any Other Part of Speech as an Interjection FUSED PARTICIPLES -FY GALLICISMS GERUNDS GOVERNMENTAL FORMS HYBRIDS HYPALLAGE HYPERCORRECTION A. False Latin Plurals B. Between you and I C. Number Problems D. Redundantly Formed Adverbs E. As for like F.
OBSCURITY OFFICIALESE -OR; -OUR OVERSTATEMENT OXYMORONS A. Generally B. Plural PARALLELISM A. Generally B. Parts of Speech C. Phrases and Clauses D. Content PASSIVE VOICE A. Generally B. The Double Passive PERPERIPHRASIS PHRASAL ADJECTIVES A. General Rule B. Exception for -ly Adverbs C. Suspensive Hyphens D. Duration or Amount E. The Compound Conundrum F. Proper Nouns G. Phrasal Adjectives Following the Noun H. Foreign Phrases PHRASAL VERBS PLAIN LANGUAGE A. Generally B.
D. American and British Systems E. Ellipses RE- PAIRS REDUNDANCY B. Doubling of Final Consonants in Inflected Forms C. Words with -ie- or -eiD. Compounds SENTENCE ADVERBS SPLIT INFINITIVES A. Generally B. Splits to Be Avoided C. Justified Splits D. Awkwardness Caused by Avoiding Splits E. Ambiguities SENTENCE ENDS STANDARD ENGLISH SENTENCE LENGTH SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT A. General Rule B. False Attraction to Noun Intervening Between Subject and Verb C. False Attraction to Predicate Noun D.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS adj. = adjective adv. = adverb AHD = The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th ed. 2000) Am. = American AmE = American English arch. = archaic A.S. = Anglo-Saxon Aus. = Australian Br. = British BrE = British English c. = century ca. = (circa) around Can. = Canadian cap. = capitalized cf. = (confer) compare with COD = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English (8th ed. 1990) colloq. = colloquial conj.
PRONUNCIATION GUIDE @ for all the vowel sounds in amok, burger, London a as in fact, vat ah as in calm, father ahr as in bar, start air as in flare, lair n as in note, clown n for a French-sounding nasalized n ng as in long, plank o as in hot, wash oh as in loan, home oi as in join, ploy as in tall, law oo as in rule, tomb ay as in page, same oor as in poor, lure aw b as in balk, job ch as in chief, bench d as in deck, red or ow as in board, court as in plow, loud p as in poem, drop e as
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LIMITED WARRANTY SHARP ELECTRONICS CORPORATION warrants to the first consumer purchaser that this Sharp brand product (the “Product”), when shipped in its original container, will be free from defective workmanship and materials, and agrees that it will, at its option, either repair the defect or replace the defective Product or part thereof with a new or remanufactured equivalent at no charge to the purchaser for parts or labor for the period(s) set forth below.
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