Operating instructions

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Operating Manual

OPTIMOD-AM

9400

Digital Audio Processor

Version 1.2 Software

Summary of content (295 pages)

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Operating Manual OPTIMOD-AM 9400 Digital Audio Processor Version 1.
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IMPORTANT NOTE: Refer to the unit’s rear panel for your Model Number. Model Number: Description: 9400 OPTIMOD 9400, Digital I/O, Five-band stereo processing, digital radio / HD AM / netcast processing, 115V (for 90-130V operation) or 230V (for 200-250V operation) 9400J As above, but for 90-117V operation. MANUAL: Part Number: Description: 96129.120.03 9400 Operating Manual CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK). NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE.
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IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS All the safety and operating instructions should be read before the appliance is operated. Retain Instructions: The safety and operation instructions should be retained for future reference. Heed Warnings: All warnings on the appliance and in the operating instructions should be adhered to. Follow Instructions: All operation and user instructions should be followed. Water and Moisture: The appliance should not be used near water (e.g.
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Safety Instructions (German) Gerät nur an der am Leistungsschild vermerkten Spannung und Stromart betreiben. Sicherungen nur durch solche, gleicher Stromstärke und gleichen AbschalAMerhaltens ersetzen. Sicherungen nie überbrücken. Jedwede Beschädigung des Netzkabels vermeiden. Netzkabel nicht knicken oder quetschen. Beim Abziehen des Netzkabels den Stecker und nicht das Kabel enfassen. Beschädigte Netzkabel sofort auswechseln. Gerät und Netzkabel keinen übertriebenen mechanischen Beaspruchungen aussetzen.
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PLEASE READ BEFORE PROCEEDING! Manual The Operating Manual contains instructions to verify the proper operation of this unit and initialization of certain options. You will find these operations are most conveniently performed on the bench before you install the unit in the rack. Please review the Manual, especially the installation section, before unpacking the unit.
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WARNING This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and used as directed by this manual, it may cause interference to radio communication. This equipment complies with the limits for a Class A computing device, as specified by FCC Rules, Part 15, subject J, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when this type of equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
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Operating Manual OPTIMOD-AM 9400 Digital Audio Processor Version 1.
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Table of Contents Index.........................................................................................................................0-9 Section 1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................1-1 ABOUT THIS MANUAL.......................................................................................................1-1 THE OPTIMOD-AM 9400 DIGITAL AUDIO PROCESSOR ................................
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Headphones .................................................................................................................... 1-24 EAS TEST ......................................................................................................................1-24 Figure 1-2: NRSC Modified 75 µs De-emphasis.............................................................. 1-25 PC CONTROL AND SECURITY PASSCODE.............................................................................
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To Edit a Passcode:.................................................................................................2-43 To Delete a Passcode: ............................................................................................2-44 To Lock the Front Panel Immediately: .................................................................2-44 To Program local lockout: .....................................................................................2-44 To Unlock the Front Panel: ......................
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Gain Reduction Metering .....................................................................................3-17 To Create or Save a User Preset ............................................................................3-17 FACTORY PROGRAMMING PRESETS ...................................................................................3-18 To import an HD preset from the 9400’s front panel: .................................................. 3-20 To import an HD preset from PC Remote:.......................
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About Aliases created by Optimod 9400 PC Remote Software .........................3-67 Multiple Installations of Optimod 9400 PC Remote ...........................................3-67 To share an archived User Preset between 9400s:........................................................ 3-69 Section 4 Maintenance .........................................................................................................................................4-1 ROUTINE MAINTENANCE ...................................
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SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................6-1 Performance.............................................................................................................6-1 Installation ...............................................................................................................6-2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION........................................................................................................
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Power Supply ±15V analog supply; ±5V analog supply; +5V digital supply I/O Board Analog Input/Output AES3 Input/Output Composite Output SCA Input. Contains: L and R Analog Inputs L and R Analog Outputs Control and Digital I/O Interface and Power Distribution I/O Daughter Board DSP Board Display Board DSP Block Diagram Monitor Rolloff Filter Digital Outputs 1 and 2 DSP Chips; Local +3.3V regulator.
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Index analog output circuit description 6- · 9 8 compensating for 600 ohm load 2- · 28 8200ST 2- · 14 9 9400 HD 2- · 55 9400 OPTIMOD-AM 1- · 1 A analog output 2- · 9 antenna system 1- · 19 anti-aliased 3- · 44 archiving presets 3- · 64 artifacts minimizing codec 3- · 9 asymmetry 1- · 16, 18 attack 3- · 41 attack time controls 3- · 52 audio connections 2- · 8 output 2- · 10 A/D converter output, connecting 2- · 9 circuit description 5- · 8 specification 6- · 2 Abbreviations 6- · 11 AC Line Cord S
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bounce 1- · 15 buttons escape 2- · 12, 1 Compressor look-ahead and bass clipper mode 3- · 43 computer modify 2- · 12, 1 connecting to 2- · 4 next 2- · 12, 1 interface, specifications 6- · 3 previous 2- · 12, 1 troubleshooting connections 5- · 8 RECALL 2- · 12, 1 Windows 2000 5- · 9 Windows XP 5- · 11 setup 2- · 12, 1 soft buttons 2- · 12, 1 computer interface buzz 5- · 1 bypass local 1- · 24 PC remote 1- · 25 RS-232 2- · 8 serial 2- · 8 computer interface 1- · 8 connecting remote interface 1
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display assembly Firmware removing 4 · 2 display board updating 9400 2- · 81 five-band parts list 6- · 25 attack time controls 3- · 52 replacing 4 · 5 band coupling controls 3- · 51 distortion band on/off switch 3- · 52 excessive 5- · 6 band threshold control 3- · 49 specification 6- · 1 delta release control 3- · 53 testing 4- · 10 downward expander thresold control 3- · 50 troubleshooting 5- · 2 HF clipper threshold 3- · 44 high frequency limiter control 3- · 52 dither 2- · 29 DJ Bass
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circuit 2- · 11 loss of 4- · 1 power 2- · 11 grounding 2- · 11 grouping 9400s 3- · 66 installation procedure 2- · 1 Instrumental format 3- · 26 Internet cannot access 5- · 8 IP address 2- · 48 IP port 2- · 48 H HD preset importing 3- · 20 HDC codec J J.
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Defined 3- · 3 lossy data reduction in studio 1- · 19 NICAM 1- · 12 used in STLs · 11 loudness Monitor Rolloff Filter 1- · 23 monitor rolloff filter 2- · 5 multiband drive 3- · 46 multiband limit threshold 3- · 50 multiband llimiter drive 3- · 49 balancing AM and HD channel 2- · 39 insufficient 5- · 6 N insufficient due to poor peak control 5- · 1 loudness/distortion tradeoff 3- · 44 lowpass filter setting 2- · 26 lowpass filter 1- · 18 L–R will not null 5- · 5 M MAC address 5- · 8 main board reatt
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parts list pre-emphasis base board 6- · 14 CPU module 6- · 15 quick setup 2- · 18, 26 preset display board 6- · 25 DSP board 6- · 23 restoring archived 3- · 65 presets I/O board 6- · 18, 23 backup 3- · 64 power supply 6- · 17 customizing 3- · 14 RS-232 board 6- · 17 factory 1- · 5 parts list 6- · 13 passcode factory programming 3- · 18 saving user 3- · 6, 17 and dial-up networking 2- · 45 sharing between 9400s 3- · 66, 69 creating 2- · 43 deleting 2- · 44 user presets 1- · 6 Presets edi
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PC Remote software 3- · 61 remote control bypass 1- · 25 connecting 2- · 3 GPI, specifications 6- · 4 wiring 2- · 4 remote control 2- · 8 remote interface functions controllable by 2- · 46 GPI 1- · 8 programming GPI 2- · 46 testing 4- · 11 wiring 2- · 4 remote interface connector 2- · 8 resolution specification 6- · 1 RFI 5- · 1 right channel balance I/O setup 2- · 25 RJ45 jack 2- · 48 Rock format 3- · 27 routine maintenance 4- · 1 RS232 testing 4- · 11 RS232 board replacing 4- · 5 RS-232 connector 2
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creating 3- · 6, 15, 17 System Setup screen 2- · 16 user presets 1- · 6 T V talk 3- · 48 Talk format 3- · 27 TCP/IP voltage select switch 2- · 2, 7 volume balancing AM and HD channel 2- · 39 setting parameters 2- · 47 technical support 5- · 28, 14 telephone support 5- · 28, 14 Terminal Port 2- · 50 test modes 3- · 22, 54 threshold control 3- · 49 tilt 1- · 15 time & date 2- · 17 timeserver 2- · 55 Timeservers VPN, setting up 2- · 54, 62 W warranty 1- · 28 Warranty 1- · 28 warranty 6- · 4 window re
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION Section 1 Introduction About this Manual The Adobe pdf form of this manual contains numerous hyperlinks and bookmarks. A reference to a numbered step or a page number (except in the Index) is a live hyperlink; click on it to go immediately to that reference. If the bookmarks are not visible, click the “Bookmarks” tab on the left side of the Acrobat Reader window. This manual has a table of contents and index.
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1-2 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Take a little time now to familiarize yourself with OPTIMOD-AM. A small investment of your time now will yield large dividends in audio quality. OPTIMOD-AM was designed to deliver a high-quality FM-like sound to the listener's ear by pre-processing for the limitations of the average car or table radio (while avoiding audible side effects and compromises in loudness or coverage).
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION sound to your precise requirements and desires. OPTIMOD-AM also fully supports the NRSC standard pre-emphasis curve.  OPTIMOD-AM is a stereo processor that fully protects CQUAM® transmissions, conservatively complying with Motorola’s processing requirements that negative peak modulation on the left and right channels be limited to –75% modulation.  OPTIMOD-AM supports the iBiquity HD Radio® system.
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1-4 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 9400 through the 9400’s Ethernet port or serial port (connected to an external modem), or locally (by connecting a Windows® computer to the 9400’s serial port through the supplied null modem cable).  The 9400 can be remote-controlled by 5-12V pulses applied to eight programmable, optically isolated “general-purpose interface” (GPI) ports.  9400 PC Remote software runs under Windows 2000 and XP.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION  Two sets of analog stereo outputs and two AES3 outputs accommodate as many as four transmitters. Outputs can be switched independently to emit the analog-channel signal, the digital-channel signal, or a low-delay monitor signal suitable for talent headphones.  Both the digital input and the two digital outputs are equipped with samplerate converters and can operate at 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 48, 88.2, and 96 kHz sample rates.
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1-6 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 9400 There are two sets of presets: one for the analog AM processing and one for the digital radio processing (HD). The preset for the analog AM processing is the master preset. In addition to parameters specific to the AM analog processing, it contains the AGC and stereo enhancer parameters, which are common to both the AM analog and digital radio processing chains.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION Input/Output Configuration OPTIMOD-AM simultaneously accommodates:  Digital AES3 left/right inputs and outputs.  Analog left/right inputs and outputs. Digital AES3 Left/Right Input/Outputs The digital inputs and outputs conform to the professional AES3 standard. They both have sample rate converters to allow operation at 32, 44.1, 48, 88.2, and 96 kHz sample frequency.
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1-8 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 9400 The two left and right analog output pairs are on XLR-type male connectors on the rear panel. Output impedance is 50; balanced and floating. The outputs can drive 600 or higher impedances, balanced or unbalanced. The peak output level is adjustable from –6dBu to +20dBu. Level control of the analog inputs and outputs is accomplished via software control through System Setup (see step 4 on page 2-24 and step 10 on page 2-30) or through PC Remote.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION with non-constant group delay and/or non-flat frequency response in the 30-9500Hz range. Deviation from flatness and phase-linearity will cause spurious modulation peaks because the shape of the peak-limited waveform is changed. Such peaks add nothing to average modulation. Thus, the average modulation must be lowered to accommodate those peaks so that they do not overmodulate. Transformers can cause such problems.
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1-10 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Best Location for OPTIMOD-AM The best location for OPTIMOD-AM is as close as possible to the transmitter so that its output can be connected to the transmitter through a circuit path that introduces the least possible change in the shape of OPTIMOD-AM’s carefully peak-limited waveform. This connection could be short lengths of shielded cable (for transmitters with analog inputs) or a direct AES3 connection (if the transmitter has a digital input available).
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION Studio-Transmitter Link Transmission from Studio to Transmitter There are several types of studio-transmitter links (STLs) in common use in broadcast service: uncompressed digital, digital with lossy compression (like MPEG, Dolby®, or APT-x®), microwave, analog landline (telephone / post line), and audio subcarrier on a video microwave STL. STLs in AM service are used in two fundamentally different ways.
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1-12 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 9400 vices driving their inputs. Because the 9400’s AM analog-processed output is tightly band-limited to 9.5 kHz or below and its digital radio output is tightly band-limited to 15 kHz, any link with 32 kHz or higher sample frequency can pass either output without additional overshoot. Currently available sample rate converters use phase-linear filters (which have constant group delay at all frequencies).
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION If the 9400 is located at the transmitter and fed unprocessed audio from a microwave STL, it may be useful to use a companding-type noise reduction system (like dbx Type 2 or Dolby SR) around the link. This will minimize any audible noise buildup caused by compression within the 9400. Some microwave links can be modified such that the deviation from linear phase is less than +10 from 20 Hz to 9.5 kHz and frequency response is less than 3 dB down at 0.15Hz and less than 0.
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1-14 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 9400 station is highly dependent upon the high-power sections of the transmitter, and upon the behavior of the antenna system. The extremely high average power and the pre-emphasized high-frequency component of audio processed by OPTIMOD-AM put great demands upon the performance of the transmitter and antenna system.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION limits on occupied bandwidth specified by the governing authority and will greatly degrade the spectral control provided by OPTIMOD-AM. To achieve the full performance capability built into OPTIMOD-AM, any filters in the transmitter must be bypassed. This is essential! OPTIMOD-AM contains low-pass and high-pass filters that are fully capable of protecting the transmitter and controlling occupied bandwidth.
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1-16 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 9400 The newer generations of transmitters employ switching modulation techniques to control bounce far better than do older plate-modulated designs. The latest transmitters using digital modulation techniques have even better performance and most are essentially transparent.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION creases loudness and brightness, and will produce dense positive peaks up to 125% if this is desired. However, such asymmetrical processing by its very nature produces both odd and even-order harmonic and IM distortion. While even-order harmonic distortion may sound pleasingly bright, IM distortion of any order sounds nasty.
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1-18 INTRODUCTION  HF Shelf Breakpoint Frequency for L+R [L+R HF FR]  HF Shelf Breakpoint Frequency for L–R [L–R HF FR]  HF Delay equalization for L+R [L+R HF ]  HF Delay equalization for L–R [L–R HF ] ORBAN MODEL 9400 Transmission Presets also contain the following controls:  System Lowpass Filter Cutoff Frequency [LOW PASS]  System Lowpass Filter Cutoff Shape [LPF SHAPE]  System Highpass Filter Cutoff Frequency [HIGH PASS]  Positive Peak Threshold (Asymmetry) [POS PEAK] The tr
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION Antenna System AM antenna systems, whether directional or non-directional, frequently exhibit inadequate bandwidth or asymmetrical impedance. Often, a system will exhibit both problems simultaneously. An antenna with inadequate bandwidth couples RF energy into space with progressively less efficiency at higher sideband frequencies (corresponding to higher modulation frequencies).
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1-20 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 9400 may be perceived as distortion, “gurgling,” or other interference. Psychoacoustic calculations are used to ensure that the added noise is masked by the desired program material and not heard. Cascading several stages of such processing can raise the added quantization noise above the threshold of masking into audibility. In addition, at least one other mechanism can cause the noise to become audible at the radio.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION Studio Line-up Levels and Headroom The studio engineer is primarily concerned with calibrating the equipment to provide the required input level for proper operation of each device, and so that all devices operate with the same input and output levels. This facilitates patching devices in and out without recalibration. For line-up, the studio engineer uses a calibration tone at a studio standard level, commonly called line-up level, reference level, or operating level.
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1-22 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 9400 to prevent overloading or overmodulation of the transmission system. This peak overload level is defined differently, system to system. In FM modulation, it is the maximum-permitted RF carrier frequency deviation. In AM modulation, it is negative carrier pinch-off. In analog telephone / post / PTT transmission, it is the level above which serious crosstalk into other channels occurs, or the level at which the amplifiers in the channel overload.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION protection against overmodulation. It can transparently pass any line-up tone applied to its input up to about 130% output modulation, at which point clipping may occur. Monitoring Modulation Monitors and Their RF Amplifiers Many AM modulation monitors (particularly older ones) indicate dynamic modulation inaccurately even though they may accurately measure sine-wave modulation. This occurs producing overshoot and ringing.
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1-24 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 9400 two filters. (See step 8 on page 2-5 for installation instructions). The filter provides complementary de-emphasis and a 10 kHz notch for off-air monitoring of NRSC standard audio. The output of the rolloff filter accurately simulates the sound of a standard NRSC receiver. Alternately, for use in non-NRSC countries, an adjustable 18dB/octave rolloff that complements the 9400's HF GAIN control can be selected with jumpers (see Figure 2-4 on page 2-5).
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION 3. Program any two Remote Interface inputs for “Bypass” and “Exit Test,” respectively. Then place the 9400 in Bypass mode by remote control. A) Connect two outputs from your station remote control system to the REMOTE INTERFACE connector on the rear panel of the 9400, according to the wiring diagram in Figure 2-2 on page 2-4. B) Program two GPI ports for BYPASS and EXIT TEST according to the instructions in Remote Control Interface Programming starting on page 2-46.
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INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 9400 vents simultaneous remote and local control. See Security and Passcode Programming (starting on page 2-43) for more detail. Why the North American NRSC Standard? Over the years, as the North American airwaves have become more crowded, interference from first and second adjacent stations has become more and more of a problem.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION receivers would be deprived of much high-end energy and would sound both quieter and duller.
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1-28 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Warranty, User Feedback User Feedback We are very interested in your comments about this product. We will carefully review your suggestions for improvements to either the product or the manual. Please email us at custserv@orban.com.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION EXTENDED WARRANTY Any time during the initial two-year Warranty period (but not thereafter), you may purchase a three-year extension to the Warranty (yielding a total Warranty period of five years) by remitting to Orban ten percent of the gross purchase price of your Orban product. This offer applies only to new Orban products purchased from an authorized Orban Dealer.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION Section 2 Installation Installing the 9400 Allow about 2 hours for installation. Installation consists of: (1) unpacking and inspecting the 9400, (2) checking the line voltage setting, fuse, and power cord, (3) setting the Ground Lift switch, (4) mounting the 9400 in a rack, (5) connecting inputs, outputs and power, (6) optional connecting of remote control leads and (7) optional connecting of computer interface control leads.
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2-2 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 2. Check the line voltage, fuse and power cord. DO NOT connect power to the unit yet! A) Check the VOLTAGE SELECT switch. This is on the rear panel. The 9400 is shipped from the factory with the VOLTAGE SELECT switch set to the 230V position. Check and set the VOLTAGE SELECT switch to your local voltage requirements. To change the operating voltage, set the VOLTAGE SELECT to 115V (for 90-130V) or 230V (for 200-250V) as appropriate.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION 3. Set Ground Lift switch. The GROUND LIFT switch is located on the rear panel. The GROUND LIFT switch is shipped from the factory in the GROUND position, (to connect the 9400’s circuit ground to its chassis ground). This is almost always optimum. 4. Mount the 9400 in a rack. The 9400 requires two standard rack units (3 ½ inches / 12.7 cm).
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2-4 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 PIN ASSIGNMENT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22-24. 25. DIGITAL GOUND REMOTE 1+ REMOTE 2+ REMOTE 3+ REMOTE 4+ REMOTE 5+ REMOTE 6+ REMOTE 7+ REMOTE 8+ TALLY 1 TALLY 2 N/C ANALOG GROUND REMOTE 1REMOTE 2REMOTE 3REMOTE 4REMOTE 5REMOTE 6REMOTE 7REMOTE 8N/C +12 VOLTS DC REMOTE INTERFACE Figure 2-2: Wiring the 25-pin Remote Interface Connector 7.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION 8. Install Monitor Rolloff Filter. (optional) Orban Monitor Rolloff Filters are accessories that can be ordered from your authorized Orban Broadcast Dealer. The Orban model number is MRF-023. The Orban Monitor Rolloff Filter alters the flat response typical of a modulation monitor's audio output to one that more closely resembles that of an actual AM receiver. It is a passive filter, requiring no power supply.
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2-6 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 OPTIMOD-AM. The amount of rolloff is adjustable with the filter's high frequency ROLLOFF control to complement the setting of the HF GAIN control on OPTIMOD-AM. B) Change the jumpers to the desired rolloff. See Figure 2-4 on page 2-5. C) Connect the output of your modulation monitor to the Input terminals of the Monitor Rolloff Filter.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION E) Connect the earth ground terminals on the Rolloff Filter to earth ground for shielding. To avoid potential ground loops, the earth ground is not connected to the COM terminals. F) Set the ROLLOFF control of the Rolloff Filter to taste. See Figure 2-5 on page 26. Figure 2-6: Monitor Rolloff Filter Schematic Diagram 9400 Rear Panel The Ground Lift Switch can be set to connect the 9400’s circuit ground to its chassis ground (in the GROUND position).
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2-8 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 An RS-232 (PC Remote) Computer Interface, labeled SERIAL PORT, is provided to connect the 9400 to IBM PC-compatible computers, directly or via modem, for remote control, metering and software downloads. A Remote Interface Connector allows you to connect the 9400 to your existing transmitter remote control or other simple contact-closure control devices.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION Analog Audio Input IMPORTANT: Because the 9400’s music/speech detector uses information about the stereo sound field to make its detection more accurate, it is important to feed the 9400 with stereo source material even if it is only being used to drive a monophonic AM analog transmitter.  Nominal input level between –14dBu and +8dBu will result in normal operation of the 9400. (0dBu = 0.775Vrms.
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2-10 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 range. Loading the output with 600 will decrease the output level by 4.0 dB compared to a high impedance (bridging) load and will reduce the maximum available output level by 4.0 dB. A software switch in Analog Output screen allows the output level calibration to be set for a bridging or 600 load.  If an unbalanced output is required (to drive unbalanced inputs of other equipment), it should be taken between pin 2 and pin 3 of the XLR-type connector.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION link with bit-for-bit transparency. Because sample rate conversion is a phase-linear process that does not add bandwidth, the 9400’s output signal will continue to be compatible with 32 kHz links even if it undergoes intermediate sample rate conversions (for example, 32 kHz to 48 kHz to 32 kHz). Grounding Very often, grounding is approached in a “hit or miss” manner.
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2-12 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 ground by a wide copper strap — wire is ineffective at RF frequencies because of the wire’s self-inductance. 9400 Front Panel  Screen Display labels the four soft buttons and provides control-setting information.  Screen Contrast button adjusts the optimum viewing angle of the screen display.  Four Soft buttons provide access to all 9400 functions and controls.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION gain reduction. You can switch the meter so that it either reads the gain reduction of the Master (above-200 Hz) band, or the difference between the gain reduction in the Master and Bass bands. The latter reading is useful for assessing the dynamic bass equalization that the AGC produces, and it helps you set the AGC BASS COUPLING control.
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2-14 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 If you are using Orban 8200ST external AGC If the STL uses pre-emphasis, its input pre-emphasis network will probably introduce overshoots that will increase peak modulation without any increase in average modulation. We therefore strongly recommend that the STL transmitter’s preemphasis be defeated (freeing the STL from such potential overshoot), and that the 8200ST be used to provide the necessary pre-emphasis.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION JE JF TOP OF MAIN BOARD JB JA Clipper Jumpers *CLIPPER ON Output Pre-Emphasis Jumpers *FLAT PRE-EMPHASIZED CLIPPER OFF LEFT OUTPUT JA JC JA RIGHT OUTPUT JE JF Line-up Level Jumpers *PEAK LEFT OUTPUT JB AVG RIGHT OUTPUT JC LEFT OUTPUT JB RIGHT OUTPUT JC Figure 2-7: 8200ST Jumper Settings (*Factory Configuration) LEFT OUTPUT JE RIGHT OUTPUT JF 2-15
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2-16 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 C) Turn off the tone by pressing the TONE button. If the STL transmitter suffers from bounce or overshoot, you may have to reduce the L OUT and R OUT control settings to avoid peak overmodulation caused by overshoots on certain audio signals. 4. Set controls for normal operation with program material. The following assumes that a VU meter is used to determine 8200ST line drive levels with program material. A) Set the controls as follows: HF LIMITER...
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION For the following adjustments, use the appropriately labeled soft button to choose the parameter you wish to adjust. To change a parameter (like an output level), you must usually hold down the soft button while turning the knob. However, if there is only one parameter on a screen, you can change this with the knob alone. (You do not have to hold down a button.) Let the text on the screen guide you through the process. 1. Make sure that the transmitter is turned off.
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2-18 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 5. Set output bandwidth. This step sets the lowpass filter bandwidth in the default transmission preset (TX1/DAY). A) Press the NEXT button. B) Select the lowpass filter cutoff frequency you need by turning the knob. The setting of the lowpass filter controls your RF occupied bandwidth. It is very important to set it to meet the government standards in your country.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION would be if your format is predominantly talk, because talk does not require frequencies below approximately 80Hz. All highpass filters have greater than 30dB/octave rolloff and have a notch at 25Hz to remove any signaling tones and to protect transmitters that might be adversely affected by modulating frequencies in this area. Technically, what you have just done is to set the highpass filter cutoff frequency in the TX1/DAY transmission preset.
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2-20 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Note that Quick Setup does not contain full instructions for setting up a CQUAM system. Please refer to the detailed instructions following Quick Setup.  If you are operating your analog transmitter in mono, choose either MONO L (mono sourced from the left input channel), MONO R (mono sourced from the right input channel), or MONO L+R (mono sourced from the sum of the left and right input channels.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION Turn the knob to set the Digital OUTPUT SAMPLE RATE to 32, 44.1, 48, 88.2, or 96 kHz. This control sets the sample rate of Digital Output #1, which is the output most likely to be used to drive your transmitter. The internal sample rate converter sets the rate at the 9400’s digital outputs. This adjustment allows you to set the output sample rate to ensure compatibility with equipment requiring a fixed sample rate.
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2-22 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 14. Set the analog output level. A) Press the NEXT button. B) [Skip this step if you are not using the analog output.] This Quick Setup procedure adjusts Analog Output #1. If you are also using Analog Output #2 (to drive a second transmitter, for example), you can adjust it after you complete Quick Setup. Turn the knob to set the desired analog output level corresponding to 100% modulation, in units of dBu (0 dBu = 0.776 Vrms).
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION age modulation by equalizing your transmitter and/or antenna system with the 9400’s Transmitter Equalizer. 16. Complete Station ID (optional). The Station ID is an optional setting that you can provide to associate the 9400 with the station providing the program material (e.g., “KABC”). The name can be up to eight characters long.
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2-24 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 B) Set the INPUT to Analog. The 9400 will automatically switch to its analog input if signal lock is unavailable at its AES3 input. 4. Adjust Analog Input Reference Level. [9dBu to +13dBu (VU), or –2 to +20dBu (PPM)] in 0.5 dB steps [Skip this step if you will not be using the analog input.] The reference level VU and PPM (Peak) settings track each other with an offset of 8dB.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION d) Skip to step (G). F) Calibrate using Program. [Skip this step if you are using Tone to calibrate the 9400 to your standard studio level — see step (E) above.] a) Verify EXT AGC is set to NO. Refer to step 1 on page 2-23. b) Feed normal program material to the 9400 Play program material from your studio, peaking at the level to which you normally peak program material (typically 0VU if your console uses VU meters).
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2-26 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 6. Adjust the Digital Input Reference Level and Right Balance controls. [Skip this step if you will not be using the digital input.] A) Navigate to SETUP > IO CALIB > INPUT > DIG IN and set the input source to Digital. B) Repeat steps 3 through 5 (starting on page 2-23), but use the DI REF (VU OR PPM) and R CH BAL controls for the digital section. 7. Set output bandwidth and highpass filter cutoff frequency. A) Navigate to SETUP > MODIFY TR PRESET > TX1/DAY .
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION In Region-2 countries, we recommend configuring the 9400 for 9.5 kHz NRSC-1 lowpass filtering (via the active transmission preset) and the 18dB/octave HF equalizer active with a GAIN of 10dB and a CURVE of 10 (via the active processing preset). This is similar in spirit to the NRSC preemphasis, which also has a maximum gain of 10dB. However, it provides more midrange boost than the NRSC pre-emphasis, which helps the vast majority of radios in the field.
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2-28 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 filter cutoff frequency. By making the transition between the passband and stopband progressively more rounded and gentle, each step trades off duller sound against less ringing. See Figure 2-8. D) Hold down the soft key under HIGHPASS frequency you need by turning the knob. AND Select the highpass filter cutoff OPTIMOD-AM can be programmed for any highpass filter cutoff frequency from 50 to 100Hz in 10Hz steps. Default is 50 Hz. See the text in step (6.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION AM PROC feeds the selected digital output with the output of the processing chain for analog AM transmitters. HD PROC feeds the selected digital output with the output of the processing chain for HD Radio or other digital transmission channels like netcasts. C) Then set the PRE-EMPH control to J.17 or FLAT. Almost all systems will require FLAT output. J.17 is only used if you are driving an STL employing J.
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2-30 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 10. Set output and configuration level. This is a preliminary level adjustment. Later in this installation procedure, you will set 9400 for the highest modulation level that your facility can produce. If your transmission facility proved to have overshoot, tilt, or ringing when you tested it in step 11 on page 2-31, you will have to go through the Transmitter Equalizer adjustment procedure, which starts with step 12 on page 2-31.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION 11. Test the equipment downstream from OPTIMOD-AM. Test the RF envelope at the transmitter’s output to determine if it exhibits tilt, overshoot, or ringing. If you observe these problems, you can often adequately equalize it them with the 9400’s transmitter equalizer, whose settings are determined by the on-air Transmission Preset.
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2-32 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Overview of Transmitter Equalization The Transmitter Equalizer has a low frequency section to equalize tilt and a high frequency section to equalize overshoot and ringing. If you are adjusting a CQUAM AM stereo plant, you must also adjust a second set of high frequency controls (for the L–R channel). These L–R controls do nothing in a mono facility. The Transmitter Equalizer does not affect the 9400’s HD processed output.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION There are four analog outputs and you will be using two at most while adjusting any given Transmission Preset. You may have to move the sync connection between outputs if you need to set up Transmission Presets for two transmitters. C) Turn on the 9400's built-in square wave generator: a) Navigate to SETUP > TEST. b) Set the TONE MOD to 0%. c) Set the MODE to SQUARE. d) Set SQR FREQ to 125 HZ. D) Turn on the carrier.
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2-34 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 frequencies might cause bounce and/or distortion on heavy bass transients in music. In step 15 on page 2-37, you will be instructed to turn the L+R LF GN control down until these problems are no longer observed. This will make the measured square wave response poorer. However, engineering realities force a compromise between best small signal (i.e., square wave) response and best large signal (i.e., bounce and distortion) performance.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION B) Make sure that the oscilloscope is synchronized to the square wave. C) Turn on the carrier. Observe the RF envelope at the common point with a DCcoupled oscilloscope and trim the TONE LVL control (if necessary) to produce 30% modulation. D) Navigate to SETUP > MODIFY TX PRESET > TX1/DAY. E) If necessary, press NEXT until you see the screen containing the four L+R transmitter equalizer controls. To avoid overheating the transmitter, perform steps (C) through (G) quickly.
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2-36 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 of the L+R HF FR control until the ringing is again at the flattop modulation level will unbalance the ringing at the leading and trailing edge of the square wave, and necessitate further adjustment of the L+R HF  control. Alternate between these two interactive controls until the peaks of ringing at both the leading and trailing edges of the square wave are at the flattop modulation level.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION K) Interactively tweak these controls to maximize separation (by minimizing the maximum amount of crosstalk into the undriven channel). It may turn out that no improvement is possible. L) Navigate to SETUP > TEST. M) Set the MODE to OPERATE. 15. Test the polarity and LF transmitter equalization settings under program conditions. A) Apply program material to OPTIMOD-AM's input at normal operating levels. B) Recall the GEN MED preset: a) Press the Recall button.
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2-38 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 yond the performance limitations of your transmitter. Doing so would only cause distortion beyond the distortion intrinsic to asymmetrical operation. H) Navigate to SETUP > I/O CALIB / I) Press the button corresponding to the active output. J) Observe the oscilloscope. Adjust the output level control (AO1 100%, AO2 100%, DO1 100%, or DO2 100%) to achieve as high negative peak modulation as possible without carrier pinch-off.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION vacuum-tube plate-modulated design) may fail, may have their tube life shortened, etc. Such transmitters are simply incapable of supplying the average power demands of OPTIMOD-AM processing regardless of transmitter equalization. If the station is to achieve the full benefits of OPTIMOD-AM processing, these transmitters must be either repaired, modified, or replaced. 16. If you will be using other Transmission Presets, repeat steps 11 through 15 to set them.
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2-40 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 b) Enter seconds slightly ahead of the correct time. c) Wait until the entered time agrees with the correct time. Then press the ENTER TIME button to set the clock. B) Press the SET DATE button. a) Set today’s date, using the days, month, and year buttons. b) Press the ENTER DATE button. C) Press the DAYLIGHT TIME button. a) Using the Daylight Saving (DT MONTH and DT WEEK) buttons, set the month and week when Daylight Saving Time (Summer Time) begins, or OFF.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION c) Use the PREV and NEXT buttons to move the cursor set the hour, minute, and second (in 24-hour format) when the automation event is to occur. Set the desired values with the knob. D) For events that occur on a daily or weekly schedule: a) Use the PREV and NEXT buttons to move the cursor the each day of the week in turn, and use the rotary encoder to turn the day on or off. You can program the event to occur on as many days of the week as you wish.
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2-42 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400  Exit Test (restores the operating preset that was on-air before a test mode was invoked)  No function F) When you have programmed an event to your satisfaction, press the SAVE EVENT button. You will return to the automation menu. 4. To edit an existing event: A) Press the VIEW > EDIT EVENT button. You can search by date or event (e.g., recalling a given preset). Use the NEXT button to navigate between DATE and EVENT.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION 2. All Access except Security 3. All Screens except Modify and Security 4. Recall, Modify, and Automation 5. Recall Presets and Program Automation 6. Recall Presets 7. View Meters and Presets (read-only) There is no default passcode. The Optimod’s front panel cannot be locked out unless the Optimod has been assigned at least one All Access passcode.
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2-44 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 If the front panel is already password protected, you can only access this screen by entering a passcode with ALL ACCESS privileges. B) Turn the knob until you see the passcode you want to edit. C) Press the NEXT button. The Permissions screen appears. D) Turn the knob to set the desired permission level for the passcode you are editing. E) Press the NEXT button to confirm your choice. Your new permission level is stored and the Security menu appears.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION Autolock can only be turned on if at least one passcode exists with ALL ACCESS privileges because an ALL ACCESS passcode is required to fully unlock the panel or to turn off the Autolock function. C) Press the ESCAPE button to leave the Security menu. To Unlock the Front Panel: A) On the 9400 front panel, operate any button or the knob. The PASSCODE screen will appear. B) Enter a passcode using the four soft buttons.
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2-46 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Remote Control Interface Programming [Skip this step if you do not wish to program the GPI (contact closure) remote control interface.] 1. Navigate to SETUP > NEXT > NETWORK & REMOTE > REMOTE INTERFACE. 2. Program one or more remote control interfaces. A) Navigate to the desired Remote Interface button (1 through 8) by repeatedly pressing the NEXT button. B) Hold down the button while turning the knob to select the desired function for the interface.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION inputs of the digital (HD) chain processing. The digital chain processing starts with its equalizer section.  Digital Chain Mono from Left, Mono from Right, or Mono from Sum: Takes the Left, Right, or Sum (L+R) from the outputs of the stereo enhancer and AGC and applies it to the left and right inputs of 9400’s digital processing chain. In any of these modes, the left and right outputs of the digital processing chain carry identical signals.
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2-48 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400  See your network administrator to get the data required in the following procedure.  Note that if you wish to do this from the 9400 PC Remote software, you must first be able to connect to the 9400. Therefore, you will usually perform this procedure from the 9400’s front panel to prepare it for connection. A) Navigate to SETUP > NETWORK & REMOTE > NEXT. B) Press the SET IP ADDRESS soft button. The IP Address Screen appears.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL  INSTALLATION If you are connecting directly to the Ethernet jack on a computer, use a “crossover” or “reverse” Ethernet cable. G) Press the NEXT button. 2. Prepare the 9400 for modem connection through the serial port: [Skip this step if you will not be using a modem connection.] A) Navigate to SETUP > NETWORK & REMOTE. B) Hold down the PC CONNECT soft button and turn the knob until you see MODEM on the display. C) Press the MODEM INIT soft button.
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2-50 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 B) Hold down the PC CONNECT soft button and turn the knob until you see DIRECT on the display. You are now ready to connect your computer to your 9400 through a null modem cable connected to your computer’s serial port. Refer to Installing 9400 PC Remote Control Software on page 2-51.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION selected all the numbers in the IP port assigned by your network administrator D) Press the SAVE soft button to confirm your setting. To recall a preset: Command RP XXXXXXX[PASSCODE] In the above table: Response (valid passcode and preset name) ON AIR: XXXXXXX (invalid passcode) ERROR: [PASSCODE] DOES NOT EXIST (invalid preset name) ERROR: XXXXXXX DOES NOT EXIST XXXXXXX is the preset name; PASSCODE is any valid passcode.
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2-52 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Installing the Necessary Windows Services The 9400 PC Remote application uses Windows’ built-in communications and networking services to deal with the low-level details necessary to communicate with the 9400’s serial port. (These services are also used to upgrade your 9400’s firmware when updates are available from Orban.) The exact process will vary, depending on how you wish to set up the communications.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL  INSTALLATION PC running Windows 2000 (SP3 or higher) or XP. 9400 PC Remote will not run on older Windows versions. Recommended Components Computer.................................................................... Pentium II or higher Available Disk Space .......................................................................... 25MB RAM .................................................................................................. 256MB Display..................................
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2-54 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Setting Up Ethernet, LAN, and VPN Connections If you are using an Ethernet connection and your computer can successfully connect to the Internet through its Ethernet port, it already has the correct (TCP/IP) networking set up to communicate with the 9400. In most cases, all you need is your 9400’s IP address, Port, and Gateway number, as set in step 1 on page 2-47.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION Synchronizing Optimod to a Network Time Server [Skip this section if you do not wish to automatically synchronize your Optimod’s internal clock to a network timeserver, which may be part of your local network or located on the Internet.] 1. Navigate to SETUP > NEXT > TIME DATE AND ID > NEXT > TIME SYNC. A) Use the PROTOCOL control to choose either TIME PRO or SNTP.  Select TIME PRO if the Optimod is behind a firewall that does not pass UPD packets.
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2-56 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 versal Time (UTC). UTC is also known as GMT, or Greenwich Mean Time.  The value can range between –12 and +12 hours. If this value is set to 0, your Optimod’s time will be the same as UTC.  You can empirically adjust this value until the correct time for your location is displayed after you synchronize your Optimod to a timeserver. 2. Choose a timeserver. http://www.boulder.nist.gov/timefreq/service/time-servers.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION  If your connection failed, the gateway address might not be set correctly on your Optimod. The gateway address for the timeserver connection is the same gateway address that you set in step (1.D) on page 2-48. If you do not know the correct gateway address, you can often discover it by connecting a Windows computer to the same Ethernet cable that is ordinarily plugged into your Optimod. Ascertain that the computer can connect to the Internet.
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2-58 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 PC. Then click the “Update Now” button on PC Remote. E) Navigate to Optimod PC Remote’s SETUP/ UTILITY tab and click the SET 9400 CLOCK button.  If you are running Windows XP, PC Remote will download your computer’s currently specified timeserver into your Optimod.  PC Remote will adjust your Optimod’s OFFSET setting to correspond to your computer’s time zone setting.  PC Remote will synchronize your Optimod’s clock with your computer’s clock.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION Appendix: Setting Up Serial Communications This appendix provides instructions for setting up both direct serial and modem connections from your 9400 to your PC. You must do this when you define a new connection from the 9400 PC Remote application. The appendix provides procedures for both the Windows 2000 and Windows XP operating systems. (Note that the screen shots were prepared for Orban’s Optimod-FM 8300 and refer to that product.
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2-60 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Cannot Access the Internet After Making a Direct or Modem Connection of the 9400 on page 5-8. 1. Add and configure a Direct Connection for Windows 2000: A) Create a New Windows 2000 Direct Connection: a) Launch Remote. 9400 PC b) Choose “Connect / New 9400” c) Give your 9400 a name (e.g., “KABC”) by entering this name in the “9400 Alias” field. d) If you wish to have 9400 PC Remote remember the password for this Optimod, enter the pass-word in the “Password“ field.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL i) In the drop-down box, select the serial port you will be using to make the connection. j) Click “Next.” k) Select either “For all users” or “Only for myself.” The correct setting depends on how your network and security are configured. Your wizard may not display this field if your computer is set up for a single user only. l) Click “Next.” m)Enter a name for your Connection such as: “Connection to 9400.” n) Click “Finish.
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2-62 INSTALLATION o) Click “Yes.” B) Edit your new Direct Connection properties: a) Click “Settings.” b) Click the “General” tab. c) Select the device you set up in step (i) on page 2-61. This will usually be “Communications cable between two computers (COM1).” d) Click “Configure.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL e) Set “Maximum “115200.” INSTALLATION speed (bps)” to f) Check “Enable hardware flow control.” g) Make sure that all other boxes are not checked. h) Click “OK.” i) Select the Networking tab. j) Make sure that “PPP: Windows 95 / 98 / NT 4 / 2000, Internet” appears in the “Type of dial-up server I am calling” field. k) Make sure that “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is checked.
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2-64 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 2. Launch an existing Windows 2000 Direct connection. Once you have set up a “connection” specifying Direct Connect in the 9400 PC Remote application (see To set up a new connection on page 3-61), choosing this connection from 9400 PC Remote automatically opens a Windows Direct Connection to your 9400. You can connect by selecting the desired connection from the drop-down list in the CONNECT menu.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL c) Give your 9400 a name (e.g., “KABC”) by entering this name in the “9400 Alias” field. d) If you wish to have 9400 PC Remote remember the password for this Optimod, enter the password in the “Password“ field. e) Select “Serial Connection.” f) Click the “Add” button. g) Choose “Connect directly to another computer.” h) Click “Next.” i) In the drop-down box, select the serial port you will be using to make the connection. j) Click “Next.
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2-66 INSTALLATION k) Type in a name for your Connection such as: “Connection to 9400.” l) Click “Finish.” m)Click “Yes.” B) Edit your new Direct Connection properties: a) Click “Settings.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL b) Click the “General” tab. c) Select the device you set up in step (i) on page 2-65. This will usually be “Communications cable between two computers (COM1).” d) Click “Configure.” e) Set the “Maximum Speed (bps)” to 115200. f) Check “Enable hardware flow control.” g) Make sure all other hardware features are unchecked. h) Click “OK.
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2-68 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 i) Select the Networking tab. j) Make sure that “PPP: Windows 95 / 98 / NT 4 / 2000, Internet” appears in the “Type of dial-up server I am calling” field. k) Make sure that “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is checked. You may leave “File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks” and “Client for Microsoft Networks” checked if you like l) Click “OK.” m)When the “Connection properties” window appears, click “OK.” 2. Launch an existing Windows XP Direct connection.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION 3. To change the properties of an existing connection: Right-click the connection in the “connection List” window and choose “Properties.” The “Connection properties” window opens (see page 2-60). Preparing for Communication through Modems 1. Prepare your 9400 for a modem connection through the serial port. See step 2 on page 2-49. 2. If you have not already done so, create a 9400 passcode. See To Create a Passcode on page 2-43. 3.
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2-70 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Use either an internal modem or external modem with your computer. a) If you are using an external modem, connect the modem to a serial port on your PC and make sure the modem is connected to a working phone line. b) On your PC, click “Start / Settings / Control Panel / Phone and Modem Options.” c) Click the “Modems” tab. d) Verify that your modem appears in the list available under “The following Modems are installed.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL c) Give your 9400 a name (e.g., “KABC”) by entering this name in the “9400 Alias” field. d) If you wish to have 9400 PC Remote remember the password for this Optimod, enter the password in the “Password“ field. e) Select “Serial Connection.” f) Click the “Add” button. g) Select “Dial-up to private network.” h) Click “Next.” i) Enter the phone number of the modem connected to the 9400 that you are setting up. j) Click the “Next” button.
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2-72 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 k) Select either “For all users” or “Only for myself.” The correct setting depends on how your network and security are configured. This screen may not appear in computers set up for single users. l) Click the “Next” button. m)Type in a name for your Connection such as: “Connection to 9400–Modem.” n) Click the “Finish” button. o) Click “Yes.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL D) Edit your new Direct Connection properties: a) Click “Settings.” b) Click the “General” tab. c) In the “Connect using” field, select the modem you will be using to make the connection on the PC side. d) Click “Configure.
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2-74 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 e) Set “Maximum speed (bps)” to “115200.” f) Check “Enable hardware flow control.” g) Check “Enable modem error control.” h) Check “Enable mcdem compression.” i) Make sure that all other boxes are not checked. j) Click “OK.” k) Select the Networking tab. l) Make sure that “PPP: Windows 95 / 98 / NT 4 / 2000, Internet” appears in the “Type of dial-up server I am calling” field. m)Make sure that “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is checked.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION 2. Launch a Windows 2000 Modem connection. Once you have set up a “connection” specifying a modem connection in the 9400 PC Remote application (see To set up a new connection on page 3-61), choosing this connection from 9400 PC Remote automatically opens a Windows modem connection to your 9400. You can connect by selecting the desired connection from the drop-down list in the CONNECT menu.
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2-76 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Not all PCs have a COM2. IMPORTANT: The COM port you choose at this point must match the COM port to which you connected your modem. g) From the tabs at the top, choose “Port Settings” and configure the settings to match your PC modem. If you are using a U.S. Robotics® external modem, the settings will be: Bits per second= 115200, Data bits = 8, Parity = None, Stop bits = 1, Flow Control = None.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL C) Create a new Windows XP modem connection: a) Launch 9400 PC Remote. b) Choose “Connect / New 9400.” The Connection Properties window opens. c) Give your 9400 a name (e.g., “KABC”) by entering this name in the “9400 Alias” field. d) If you wish to have 9400 PC Remote remember the password for this Optimod, enter the password in the “Password“ field. You must enter a valid password to connect.
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2-78 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 j) Enter the phone number of the modem connected to the 9400 you are setting up. k) Click “Next.” l) Type in a name for your Connection such as: “Connection to 9400 – Modem” m)Click the button. n) Click “Yes.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL D) Edit your new Direct Connection properties: a) Click “Settings.” b) Click the “General” tab. c) Select the modem you will be using to make the connection on the PC side. d) Click “Configure.
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2-80 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 e) Set “Maximum speed (bps)” to “115200.” f) Check “Enable hardware flow control.” g) Check “Enable modem error control.” h) Check “Enable mcdem compression.” i) Make sure that no other box is checked. j) Click “OK.” k) Select the Networking tab. l) Make sure that “PPP: Windows 95 / 98 / NT4 / 2000, Internet” ap– pears in the “Type of dial-up server I am calling” field. m)Make sure that “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is checked.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL INSTALLATION You can connect by selecting the desired connection from the drop-down list in the CONNECT menu. You can also connect by double-clicking the connection in the “Connection List” window. If the connection is successful, a dialog bubble will appear on the bottom right hand corner of the screen verifying your connection. If you have trouble making a connection, refer to Troubleshooting Windows XP Modem Connect on page 5-12.
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2-82 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 4. Update your 9400. A) Attempt to initiate communication to your 9400 via your connection. See To initiate communication on page 3-62. 9400 PC Remote will automatically detect that the 9400 software version on your 9400 is not the same as the version of 9400 PC Remote. PC Remote will then offer to update your 9400 automatically. This procedure will only work for a connection using an “all-screens” (administrator) passcode.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION Section 3 Operation 9400 Front Panel  Screen Display labels the four soft buttons and provides control-setting information.  Screen Contrast button adjusts the optimum viewing angle of the screen display.  Four Soft buttons provide access to all 9400 functions and controls. The functions of the soft buttons change with each screen, according to the labels at the bottom of each screen.
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3-2 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400  Input meters show the peak input level applied to the 9400’s analog or digital inputs with reference to 0 = digital full-scale. If the input meter’s red segment lights up, you are overdriving the 9400’s analog to digital converter, which is a very common cause of audible distortion.  AGC meter shows the gain reduction of the slow two-band AGC processing that precedes the multiband compressor. Full-scale is 25 dB gain reduction.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION Some audio processing concepts Loudness and coverage are increased by reducing the peak-to-average ratio of the audio. If peaks are reduced, the average level can be increased within the permitted modulation limits. The effectiveness with which this can be accomplished without introducing objectionable side effects (like clipping distortion) is the single best measure of audio processing effectiveness.
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3-4 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 rate “carrier” and the peak limiting process produces modulation sidebands around each Fourier component. Considered from this perspective, a hard clipper has a wideband gain control signal and thus introduces sidebands that are far removed in frequency from their associated Fourier “carriers.” Hence, the “carriers” have little ability to mask the resulting sidebands psychoacoustically.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION OPTIMOD-AM Processing OPTIMOD-AM processing occurs in seven main stages for the analog processing and five main stages for the digital radio processing. (Refer to the block diagram on page 6-62.)  The first is a stereo enhancer that widens the perceived stereo image in CQUAM or HD AM stereo reception. It operates only on the stereo difference signal and therefore does not compromise mono transmission. Use stereo enhancement with care if you are driving a low bitrate codec.
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3-6 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 gle-ended dynamic noise reduction system, which can be activated or defeated as desired. The HD AM chain also uses a five-band compressor. However, it has different crossover frequencies and no embedded clipper.  The fifth stage in the analog processing chain is a clipper with an “intelligent” distortion controller that reduces the drive to the clipper if this is necessary to prevent objectionable clipping distortion.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION tically named .orb94fwb and .orb94wnb files that 9400 PC Remote installed on your computer. These files contain the preset values in plaintext form. Their default folder is c:\Program Files\9400\Presets. If the amount of transmitter power available is limited and you wish to cover the widest possible area, you may choose to process harder (by advancing the LESSMORE control at the cost of slight audible distortion and increased compression).
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3-8 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 In LW and MW, the audio processor set-up controls are usually used to match the processor’s ”sound” to a certain type of music or talk programming. HF is different. In HF, the audio processor is usually adjusted to provide a sound at the receiver that is as esthetically satisfying as possible, given the probable signal quality at the receiver.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION The equalizer in the digital radio processing chain can be used freely to color the audio as necessary to create a signature sound for the station. Meanwhile, the fiveband compressor should be operated with a slow release time so that it smoothes out spectral inconsistencies between sources while not significantly affecting program density — added density would unnecessarily stress the very low bit rate codec used in the HD AM system.
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3-10 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Starting with one of our suggested presets will help keep you out of trouble when you edit them to create user presets. We have supplied several presets tuned for the Microsoft WMA (V9) at 32 kbps. This codec has severe artifacts at this bitrate and no preprocessing can mask them completely. The 1100’s WMA presets strictly limit the amount of high frequency energy applied to the codec.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION the 15 ms delay of the digital radio processing chain because of less acoustic comb filtering. (See step 8 on page 2-28 and step 9 on page 2-28.) If the talent relies principally on headphones to determine whether the station is on the air, simple loss-of-carrier and loss-of-audio alarms should be added to the system when the 9400’s monitor output is used.
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3-12 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 be used to brighten the sound.  Group 3: Radios with a response down 3dB at approximately 2 kHz, with a very steep rolloff above that frequency. The steepness of the rolloff eliminates the possibility of improving the audio through pre-emphasis. In our opinion, these radios must be written off as producing hopelessly bad sound.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION Although the controls on OPTIMOD-AM provide the flexibility you need to customize your station's sound, proper adjustment of these controls consists of balancing the trade-offs between loudness, density, brightness, and audible distortion. In programming the LESS-MORE curves, we have made it easy for you to make this trade-off. As you advance the LESS-MORE control for a given factory preset, the sound gets louder but distortion increases.
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3-14 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 loudness and density. Moreover, OPTIMOD-AM actually increases definition and intelligibility. If you still wish to use reverb to achieve a nostalgic sound in an oldies format, we recommend using it in extreme moderation and applying it to the signal before it reaches OPTIMOD-AM.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION  AGC  Analog AM EQ or Digital Radio EQ  LESS-MORE (x2) Basic Modify allows you to control four important elements of 9400 processing: the stereo enhancer, the equalizer, the AGC, and the dynamics section (multiband compression, limiting, and clipping). The stereo enhancer and AGC are common to both the analog AM and digital radio processing channels, while each of the channels has an independent equalizer section and multiband dynamics processing.
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3-16 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 listening through radios to a wide variety of speech and music programming at NRSC and 5.0 kHz bandwidths. There are significant differences between the wideband and narrowband tables in both the equalization and dynamics processing. The low-pass filter frequency in the active Transmission Preset determines which set of parameters are active in any on-air Factory Preset.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION Compressor attack times and thresholds are available. These controls can be exceedingly dangerous in inexperienced hands, leading you to create presets that sound great on some program material and fall apart embarrassingly on other material.
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3-18 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 C) Choose a name for your preset. Some non-alphanumeric characters (such as < and >) are reserved and cannot be used in preset names. D) Use the knob to set the each character in the preset name. Use the NEXT and PREV buttons to control the cursor position. E) Press the SAVE CHANGES button.  If the name that you have selected duplicates the name of a factory preset, the 9400 will suggest that you use an alternate name.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION unpublished “programming secrets” for Optimods. In fact, there are no “secrets” that we withhold from users. Our “secrets” are revealed in this manual and the presets embody all of our craft as processing experts. The presets are editable because other sound designers may have different preferences from ours, not because the presets are somehow mediocre or improvable by those with special, arcane knowledge that we withhold from most of our customers.
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3-20 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 the HD processing chain after it splits from the AM processing chain, so bulkimporting HD parameters will not change the AGC and Stereo Enhancer settings. To import an HD preset from the 9400’s front panel: A) Navigate to MODIFY > HD FULL CONTROLS > MULTIBAND > IMPORT PRESET. You may have to scroll the display using PREV button until IMPORT PRESET appears. B) Turn the wheel until the desired preset name appears. C) Press the IMPORT NEXT button.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION to trade off loudness against processing artifacts and side effects. Once you have used LESS-MORE, save your edited preset as a User Preset. It is important to understand that each AM analog Factory Preset is actually a pair of presets (each with LESS-MORE capability), one optimized for narrowband operation and one for wideband operation. The “wideband” parameters were tuned for NRSC bandwidth and the “narrowband” presets were tuned for 5.0 kHz bandwidth.
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3-22 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 NEWS uses a fast multiband release time. Because of this, the unit adapts quickly to different program material, providing excellent source-to-source consistency. This “automatic equalization” action of the multiband compressor has been adjusted to produce less bass than in the GEN(ERAL) presets, and the gating threshold is set considerably higher. This maximizes voice intelligibility, including low-quality sources like telephone.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION for various adult-oriented music formats where an easy, relaxed sound is considered more important than the highest possible loudness. MUSIC HEAVY is based on the Fast multiband release time. However, its tuning is very different from GEN HEAVY. It is tuned so that the AGC operates with a fast release time, doing most of the work in compressing the program. This gives more of a “wideband compression” sound than the other factory presets.
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3-24 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 It maximizes speech intelligibility in the presence of noise, interference, and jamming. It can be turned up via LESS-MORE as needed for difficult propagation conditions.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION Presets with “LBR” in their names are tuned to minimize artifacts with low bitrate codecs by using the Band 5 compressor to control excessive high frequency energy. CLASSICAL 5B: As its name implies, the CLASSICAL-5B preset is optimized for classical music, gracefully handling recordings with very wide dynamic range and sudden shifts in dynamics.
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3-26 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 In terms of loudness, midrange texture, and HF texture, these presets are similar to the LOUD-HOT+BASS presets. IMPACT: IMPACT is intended for CHR and similar formats where attracting a large audience (maximizing cume) is more important than ensuring long time-spentlistening. This is a loud, bright, “major-market” preset that has a great deal of presence energy to cut through on lower-quality radios.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION LOUD-FAT has dramatic punch on percussive material and a very fat-sounding low end, plus outstandingly effective distortion control. It avoids overt bass distortion despite the full bass sound. It is slightly quieter than the loudest of the “loud” preset family. NEWS-TALK: This preset is quite different from the others above.
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3-28 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 ROCK-MEDIUM+LOWBASS is an open-sounding preset with a lot of bass punch. Its Multiband Release control is set to Slow2 so that the sound is relaxed and not at all busy. At the same time, the preset is competitively loud. It is an excellent choice for “adult contemporary” and “soft rock” formats where long time-spent-listening is desired. SMOOTH JAZZ: This preset is designed for commercial stations playing smooth jazz (Kenny G., etc.).
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION The shelving equalizer provides control over gain, hinge frequency, and slope (in dB/octave). BASS FREQ sets the frequency where shelving starts to take effect. This would by the +3 dB frequency for infinite BASS GAIN. For lower bass gains, the gain is progressively less than +3 dB at this frequency. BASS GAIN sets the amount of bass boost (dB) at the top of the shelf. BASS SLOPE sets the slope (dB/octave) of the transition between the top and bottom of the shelf.
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3-30 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 tion on poor quality speakers by over-equalizing the bass. Be careful! The moderate-slope (12 dB/octave) shelving boost achieves a bass boost that is more audible on smaller receivers, but which can sound boomier on high-quality receivers. The steep-slope (18 dB/octave) shelving boost creates a solid, punchy bass from the better consumer receivers and home theater systems with decent bass response.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION Use of a narrow bandwidth, a low boost frequency (like 65 Hz), and a relatively large boost can produce a very punchy sound in a car, or on a radio with significant bass response. It can also cost you loudness (bass frequencies take lots of modulation without giving you proportionate perceived loudness), and can result in a thin sound on radios with only moderate bass response. A smaller amount of boost, a produce a better compromise.
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3-32 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 The curves in the 9400’s equalizer were created by a so-called “minimax” (“minimize the maximum error,” or “equal-ripple”) IIR digital approximation to the curves provided by the Orban 622B analog parametric equalizer. Therefore, unlike less sophisticated digital equalizers that use the “bilinear transformation” to generate EQ curves, the shapes of the 9400’s curves are not distorted at high frequencies.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION cal maximum, unless source material is primarily from compact discs of recently recorded material. In several of our presets, we use this equalizer to boost the presence band (3 kHz) slightly, leaving broadband HF boost to the receiver equalizer. Receiver Equalizer HF Gain (“High Frequency Shelf Gain”) determines the amount of high frequency boost provided by the 9400’s receiver equalizer.
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3-34 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 standard on early OPTIMOD-AM 9100 units and was later provided by the 9100’s green module. Compared to higher settings of the HF Curve control, it provides much more boost in the 5 kHz region, and tends to sound strident on wideband radios. However, it can be very effective where narrowband radios remain the norm.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION sponse in this frequency range is flat. The result is natural-sounding bass on male voice. If you like a larger-than-life, “chesty” sound on male voice, set this control away from OFF. Then, gating causes the gain reduction of the lowest frequency band to move to the same gain reduction (minus a gain offset equal to the numerical setting of the control) as its nearest neighbor when gated.
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3-36 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Stereo Enhancer Controls The 9400 provides two different stereo enhancement algorithms. The first is based on Orban’s patented analog 222 Stereo Enhancer, which increases the energy in the stereo difference signal (L–R) whenever a transient is detected in the stereo sum signal (L+R). By operating only on transients, the 222 increases width, brightness, and punch without unnaturally increasing reverb (which is usually predominantly in the L–R channel).
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION AMOUNT to 0. L-R / L+R Ratio Limit sets the maximum amount of enhancement to prevent multipath distortion. However, if the original program material exceeds this limit with no enhancement, the enhancer will not reduce it. Diffusion applies only to the DELAY enhancer. This control determines the amount of delayed L–R added to the original signal. Style sets one of two stereo enhancer types: 222 or DELAY. Depth sets the delay in the delay line.
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3-38 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 AGC DRIVE control adjusts signal level going into the slow dual-band AGC, determining the amount of gain reduction in the AGC. This also adjusts the “idle gain” — the amount of gain reduction in the AGC section when the structure is gated. (It gates whenever the input level to the structure is below the threshold of gating.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION There are three independent gating circuits in the 9400. The first affects the AGC, while the others affect the multiband compressors in the analog AM and HD chains. Each has its own threshold control. The multiband compressor gate causes the gain reduction in bands 2 and 3 of a given multiband compressor to move quickly to the average gain reduction occurring in those bands when the gate first turns on.
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3-40 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Although it is located in the Multiband Full Modify screen (to make it easy for a preset developer to switch meter modes), this control is not part of the active preset and its setting is not saved in User Presets, unlike the other controls in the Full Modify screens. The meter mode always reverts to MASTER when the user leaves Full Modify. Because it only affects the front panel display, this control is not available in PC Remote.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION Previous Orban AM processor AGCs had compression ratios very close to :1, which produces the most consistent and uniform sound. However, the 9400 compressor can reduce this ratio to as low as 2:1. This can add a sense of dynamic range and is mostly useful for subtle fine arts formats like classical and jazz. This control reduces the available range of AGC gain reduction because it acts by attenuating the gain control signal produced by the AGC sidechain.
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3-42 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 zero. For example, to limit an excessively wide image while preventing more than 3 dB difference in gain between the sum and difference channels, set the AGC MAXIMUM DELTA GAIN REDUCTION control to 3.0 and the AGC MASTER DELTA THRESHOLD control to some positive number, depending on how much automatic width control you want the 9400 to perform. AGC Bass Delta Threshold works the same as AGC MASTER DELTA THRESHOLD, but applies to the bass band.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION you have a very good reason to set the control elsewhere, we recommend leaving it at the factory settings, which were determined following extensive listening tests with many types of critical program material. Bass Clip Mode sets the operation of the bass clipper to HARD, LL HARD, MEDIUM, or SOFT.  HARD operates the clipper like the clipper in Orban’s Optimod-AM 9200. It produces the most harmonic distortion.
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3-44 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 One of the essential differences between the HARD and LLHARD bass clipper modes is that switching between HARD and MED does not change delay and is therefore less likely to cause audible clicks. The HARD CLIP SHAPE control (in Advanced Control) offers further control over the sound of the HARD and LLHARD modes. See page 3-44.  MEDIUM uses more sophisticated signal processing than HARD to reduce distortion substantially.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION grammers made the trade-offs between the settings of the various distortiondetermining controls at various levels of processing. The 9400’s multiband clipping and distortion control system works to help prevent audible distortion in the final clipper. As factory programmers, we prefer to adjust the FINAL CLIP control through a narrow range (typically –0.5 dB to –2.
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3-46 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 and peak limiter. Each chain can be adjusted separately. The equalization and five-band compressor settings are likely to be quite different in the two chains. Except as noted, each control described in this section is duplicated so there is one control for the analog section and one control for the HD AM section. The crossover frequencies for the bands in the AM analog and HD AM chains are different.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION band compressor, and therefore determines the average amount of gain reduction in the multiband compressor. Range is 25dB. Adjust the MULTIBAND DRIVE control to your taste and format requirements. Used lightly with slower multiband release times, the multiband compressor produces an open, re-equalized sound.
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3-48 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 The Medium Slow settings (MED and MED2) are appropriate for more adult-oriented formats that need a glossy show-business sound, yet whose ratings depend on maintaining a longer time spent listening than do conventional Contemporary Hit Radio (CHR) formats. With the singleended noise reduction activated, it is also appropriate for Talk and News formats.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION fatigue. However, this sound may be quite useful for stations that are ordinarily heard very softly in the background because it improves intelligibility under these quiet listening conditions. Stations that are ordinarily played louder will probably prefer one of the slower release times, where the multiband compressor takes more gain reduction and where the AGC is operated slowly for gentle gain riding only.
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3-50 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 smeared high frequencies, a sound similar to excessive compression, and, when operated at extreme settings, audible intermodulation distortion. You can adjust the MB LIM DR control to prevent such artifacts or to use them for coloration in “highly processed” formats. MB LIM THR (“Multiband Limit Threshold”; analog AM chain only) sets the threshold of the clipping distortion controller (in dB) with reference to the threshold of the final clipper.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION Note also that it is virtually impossible to achieve undetectable dynamic noise reduction of program material that is extremely noisy to begin with, because the program never masks the noise. It is probably wiser to defeat the dynamic noise reduction with this sort of material (traffic reports from helicopters and the like) to avoid objectionable side effects. You must let your ears guide you.
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3-52 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 audible distortion with almost any program material. Large changes in the frequency balance of the compressor outputs will change this tuning, leaving the 9400 more vulnerable to unexpected audible distortion with certain program material. Therefore, you should make large changes in EQ with the bass and parametric equalizers and the HF enhancer, because these are located before the compressors.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION duction in band 5. Higher settings produce more HF limiting. A setting of “–18” provides a good trade-off between brightness and distortion at high frequencies. Limiter Attack controls allow you to set the limiter attack anywhere from 0 to 100% of normal in the Five-Band compressor / limiters. Because the limiter and compressor characteristics interact, you will usually get best audible results when you set these controls in the range of 70% to 100%.
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3-54 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 back and forth randomly if the stereo content is right at the stereo / mono detector’s threshold. Mono music with a “speech-like” envelope may be incorrectly detected as “speech.” Music incorrectly detected as “speech” will exhibit a slight loss of loudness and punch, but misdetection will never cause objectionable distortion on music.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION square wave, or triangle wave), the preset you have on air is saved and will be restored when you switch back to OPERATE. The upper frequency of the sine and square waves is limited to 1 kHz to ensure that their waveforms look correct while respecting the system’s intrinsic band limiting caused by its digital, sample-data nature. The square wave’s maximum modulation level is limited to 50% to protect transmitters.
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3-56 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 emphasis). If you use the digital radio output to feed a digital channel with preemphasis, you must allow extra headroom to compensate for the unpredictable peak level changes that the pre-emphasis induces. If the digital radio output is driving a channel without pre-emphasis, it will control peak levels with an uncertainty of less than 1 dB.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION processing chain, or the analog processing chain output signal. In the latter case, the right-hand meter reads negative peaks of the higher of the two stereo channels and the left-hand meter reads the higher of the positive peaks. This switch applies only to the 9400’s front panel meters. 9400 PC Remote displays all meters simultaneously. The digital radio look-ahead limiter is not stereo-coupled.
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3-58 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Sync determines if the sample rate appearing at a given AES3 output is synced to the 9400’s internal clock or to a signal appearing at its digital input. If there is no sync signal detected at the digital input, the AES3 output will always sync to the 9400’s internal clock. Format determines if a given AES3 output format follows the professional AES3 or consumer SPDIF standard.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION tabs in the 9400 PC Remote application. The AGC and Stereo Enhancer controls are common to both the analog AM and digital radio processing chains and are discussed in their own sections above. Multiband Drive (See page 3-46.) Multiband Release (See page 3-47.) Multiband Gate Thresh (Threshold) (See page 3-49.) Multiband Downward Expander Threshold (See page 3-50.) Band Coupling Controls (See page 3-51.) Multiband Band Mix (See page 3-51.
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3-60 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 left and right channels. This prevents gain reduction in one channel from causing audible spectral modulation on the other channel. However, the additional stereo difference channel energy created by independent operation can adversely affect certain low bitrate codecs (like WMA). It is wise to do careful listening tests through the codec to determine if it sounds better with B5 MAXDELTGR = 0 dB or B5 MAXDELTGR = OFF. Limiter Attack (See page 3-53).
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION Using the 9400 PC Remote Control Software 9400 PC Remote control software allows you to access any front-panel 9400 control. In addition, you can access all of the Advanced Modify controls that are unavailable from the 9400’s front panel. The software also gives you the ability to back up user presets, system files, and automation files on your computer’s storage devices (hard drives, floppy drives, etc.) and to restore them later to your 9400.
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3-62 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 Otherwise, enter a password to allow PC Remote to connect to your 9400 without requiring a password when the connection is initiated. To initiate a successful connection, a password must have already been entered into your 9400 unit. E) If you are communicating with your 9400 through a network, select the Ethernet radio button and enter the appropriate IP address, subnet mask, port, and gateway data.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION To modify a control setting: A) Choose PROCESSING PARAMETERS from the EDIT menu. B) Select menu tabs for LESS-MORE, Stereo Enhancer, and EQ to access Basic Modify controls. All other menu tabs contain Full or Advanced Modify controls. You can reset any Basic Modify Control without losing LESS-MORE functionality; Full and Advanced modify control adjustments will cause LESSMORE to be grayed-out.
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3-64 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 To save a user preset you have created: A) Select SAVE PRESET AS from the FILE menu to bring up the SAVE AS Dialog Box. The current preset name will appear in the File Name field. B) Click in the field, and edit it. C) Click SAVE to save the preset to the 9400 as a User Preset. If you have made edits to a previously existing user preset, you can select SAVE PRESET from the FILE menu to overwrite the pre-existing user preset automatically.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION or to cancel the operation. If you wish to keep the existing archived preset, you can first use a file manager to move the existing user preset in the Backup folder to another folder and then repeat the backup operation. To restore archived presets, system files, and automation files: In addition to restoring an archived preset to its original Optimod, you can also copy archived presets from one Optimod to another.
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3-66 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400 a) Set the FILES OF TYPE field to the Automation file type (*.orb94autom) b) Select the desired automation file in the dialog box c) Click the RESTORE button. G) Click DONE to dismiss the RESTORE dialog box. To share an archived User Preset between 9400s: A) Navigate to the directory containing the desired User Preset from within the RESTORE FROM PC dialog box B) Click the RESTORE button.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION Navigate around the screens using the TAB key. Use CTRL-TAB to move to the next tabbed screen in PC Remote. Use the ,,, and  keys on the numeric keypad to adjust control settings. To Quit the Program Use standard Windows conventions: Press ALT-F4 on the keyboard, or click the X on the upper right corner with the mouse.
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3-68 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 9400  not all of your 9400s are running the same version of 9400 software, and  you do not want to upgrade at least one controlled 9400 to the latest version of 9400 PC Remote software. Each version of 9400 PC Remote has its own top-level folder, normally under \Program Files\Orban. (The default folder is \Program Files\Orban\Optimod 9400.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL OPERATION Ordinarily, the erasure process will move the Backup directory to your computer’s Recycle Bin, so you can recover a Backup directory that you have accidentally deleted in this way. To share an archived User Preset between 9400s: A) Navigate to the directory containing the desired User Preset from within the RESTORE FROM PC dialog box B) Click the RESTORE button. This User Preset will be downloaded to the 9400 to which 9400 PC Remote is currently connected.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL MAINTENANCE Section 4 Maintenance Routine Maintenance The 9400 OPTIMOD-AM Audio Processor uses highly stable analog and digital circuitry throughout. Recommended routine maintenance is minimal. 1. Periodically check audio level and gain reduction meter readings. Become familiar with normal audio level meter readings, and with the normal performance of the G / R metering. If any meter reading is abnormal, see Section 5 for troubleshooting information. 2. Listen to the 9400's output.
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4-2 MAINTENANCE ORBAN MODEL 9400 Subassembly Removal and Replacement See page 6-29 for the Circuit Board Locator and Basic Interconnections diagram. 1. Removing the Top Cover: To access any internal board (including the display assembly), you must remove the top cover. A) Disconnect the 9400 and remove it from the rack. Be sure power is disconnected before removing the cover. Warning: Hazardous voltage is exposed with the unit open and the power ON.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL MAINTENANCE C) Unplug the RS-232 interface assembly from the base board. 4. Removing the CPU Module: A) Remove the four screws holding the CPU module to the standoffs that support it on the base board. B) Applying gentle upward pressure, unplug the CPU module from the base board. 5. Removing the Base Board: A) If you have not done so yet, remove the top cover (step 1, above). B) If you have not done so yet, remove the CPU module (step 4, above).
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4-4 MAINTENANCE ORBAN MODEL 9400 G) Carefully pull the I/O board forward to clear the XLRs from their housings. Then lift the board out of the chassis. 7. Removing the DSP Board: A) If you have not done so yet, remove the top cover (step 1, above). B) Remove the ribbon cable that connects the I/O board to the DSP board. C) Remove the ribbon cable that connects the base board to the DSP board. D) Remove the plug connecting the power supply wiring harness to the DSP board.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL MAINTENANCE C) Replace the nine #1 Phillips screws that hold the heat sink to the side of the chassis. If necessary, add additional heat sink compound to ensure a reliable thermal connection between the heat sink and the chassis. D) Replace the ground wire nut. E) Replace the three Phillips screws that hold the power supply board to the main chassis. F) Reattach the two plugs that connect the power supply board to the transformer.
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4-6 MAINTENANCE ORBAN MODEL 9400 Field Audit of Performance Required Equipment:  Ultra-low distortion sine-wave oscillator / THD analyzer / audio voltmeter (With verified residual distortion below 0.01%. Audio Precision System One, or similar high-performance system.) (The NAB Broadcast and Audio System Test CD is an excellent source of test signals when used with a high-quality CD player.)  Spectrum analyzer with tracking generator (Stanford Research Systems SR760 or equivalent.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL MAINTENANCE See the assembly drawings in Section 6 for component locations. Be sure to turn the power off before removing or installing circuit boards. Follow these instructions in order without skipping steps. Note: To obtain an unbalanced output, jumper pin 1 (ground) to pin 3, and measure between pin 1 (ground) and pin 2 (hot). Note: All analog output measurements are taken with a 620 ±5% resistor tied between pin 2 and 3 of the XLR connector. 1. Prepare the unit.
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4-8 MAINTENANCE ORBAN MODEL 9400 DO #2 FORMAT................................................................................AES3 e) Navigate to SETUP > IO CALIB > AM PROC. Set the AM PROC mode to STEREO. f) Navigate to SETUP > IO CALIB > HD PROC. Set the HD PROC mode to STEREO. g) Navigate to SETUP > TEST. Set controls as follows: MODE ...........................................................................................
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL (1) + unreg. (2) - unreg MAINTENANCE (3) digital gnd (4) chassis gnd (5) +15V (6) -15V (7) +5 V digital (8) +5V analog (9) –5V analog (10) NC Table 4-2: Layout Diagram of J7, with expected voltages on each pin The +3.3V and +2.5V supplies are locally regulated on the DSP and base boards (see Section 6). C) Measure the regulated voltages at J7 with the DVM and observe the ripple with an oscilloscope, AC-coupled.
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4-10 MAINTENANCE ORBAN MODEL 9400 D) Inject the Analog Input XLR connector with a level of +10 dBu with the oscillator set to 100 Hz. E) Connect the audio analyzer to the 9400's Left Analog Output XLR connector. F) Verify a level of +10 dBu ±1 dB. Use this level as the reference level. G) Verify that frequency response at 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 400 Hz, 5 kHz, and 15 kHz is within ±0.1 dB of the reference level.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL MAINTENANCE B) Be sure you are still in BYPASS mode [see step (3.F)]. C) Navigate to SETUP > DIG IN CALIB and Set the INPUT to DIGITAL. D) Connect the digital source generator to the AES3 Digital Input XLR connector of the 9400. E) Set the frequency of the digital source generator to 400 Hz and its output level to 6 dB below full scale. F) Inject the Digital Input with a sample rate of 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz, 88.2 kHz, and 96 kHz. Use 24-bit words.
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4-12 MAINTENANCE ORBAN MODEL 9400 previous tests may fail to detect faults in certain DSP chips. To verify that all of the DSP chips are working correctly: a) Connect the oscillator to both 9400’s analog inputs. b) Navigate to SETUP > TEST and set the 9400’s operating mode to OPERATE. c) Recall the GEN MED preset. d) Set the oscillator’s frequency to 400 Hz and its output level to create 10 dB of gain reduction as indicated on the AGC MASTER gain reduction meter.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TROUBLESHOOTING Section 5 Troubleshooting Problems and Potential Solutions Always verify that the problem is not the source material being fed to the 9400, or in other parts of the system. RFI, Hum, Clicks, or Buzzes A grounding problem is likely. Review the information on grounding on page 2-11. The 9400 has been designed with very substantial RFI suppression on its analog and digital input and output ports, and on the AC line input.
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5-2 TROUBLESHOOTING ORBAN MODEL 9400 Be sure that the polarity of the 9400’s output correctly matches the transmitter so that adjusting the 9400’s POS PEAK THRESH control (in the active Transmission Preset) causes the AM positive peak modulation to change. If it causes the negative peak modulation to change, reverse the polarity of the 9400 output driving the analog AM channel of the transmitter. Each 9400 output has a POLARITY control to make this easy.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TROUBLESHOOTING compromising the 9400’s noise level, we could eliminate a control that was frequently misadjusted. If you are using an external processor ahead of the 9400, be sure it is not clipping or otherwise causing problems.
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5-4 TROUBLESHOOTING ORBAN MODEL 9400 important to drive the 9400 with professional levels (more than 0 dBu reference level) to achieve adequately low noise. (Clipping occurs at +27 dBu.) The 9400's AES3 input is capable of receiving words of up to 24 bits. A 24-bit word has a dynamic range of approximately 144 dB. The 9400's digital input will thus never limit the unit's noise performance even with very high amounts of compression.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TROUBLESHOOTING fully realigned, the only cure for any remaining excessive out-of-band radiation is to reduce the setting of the 9400's lowpass filter until the transmission is within specification. These transmitters are prime candidates for replacement with a modern solid-state transmitter, which will reduce AC power costs and also sound much better on-air. Negative overmodulation that causes carrier pinch-off will also cause the bandwidth to increase rapidly.
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5-6 TROUBLESHOOTING ORBAN MODEL 9400 duce loudness reduces peak limiting simultaneously, minimizing potential codec artifacts. Only turn down the output level control to correct codec clipping. Loudness Decreases Momentarily When the Radio Crossfades between Analog and Digital Channels The analog and digital channels may be in reverse polarity (“out of phase”) from each other.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TROUBLESHOOTING rate modulation monitor that is causing you to undermodulate the carrier. A station may suffer from any combination of these problems, and they can have a remarkable effect upon the overall competitiveness of a station's sound. Section 1 of this manual provides a thorough discussion of system engineering considerations, particularly with regard to minimizing overshoot and noise.
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5-8 TROUBLESHOOTING ORBAN MODEL 9400  Passcode Format: The passcode is case-sensitive. When entering it into Windows’ Dial-up Connection dialog box, it must be typed exactly as it was originally entered into the Security screen.  MAC Address: To see the MAC address of your Optimod’s Ethernet hardware, hold down the SETUP button until the address appears.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TROUBLESHOOTING B) Select “Properties.” C) Click the tab that reads “Networking.” D) Highlight “Internet protocol (TCP/IP).” E) Select “Properties.” F) Select “Advanced.” G) Uncheck the “Use default gateway on remote network” box. H) Select “OK.” If this “Use default gateway on remote network” box is not selected, the gateway will not point to the 9400 unit when you establish a direct or modem connection.
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5-10 TROUBLESHOOTING ORBAN MODEL 9400 M) In the “Advanced TCP/IP Settings” select the “WINS” Tab. N) Click “OK” to dismiss the “Advanced TCP/IP Settings” window. O) Click “OK” to dismiss the “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties” window. P) Click “OK” to dismiss the window whose name is your new connection. Q) Click “Cancel” to dismiss the “Connect [nnnn]” dialog box R) Restart your computer. (This resets the serial port and reduces the likelihood that you will encounter problems connecting to the 9400.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TROUBLESHOOTING B) In the “Network Connections” window, right-click “Optimod 9400 - Modem” and choose “Properties.” C) The “Properties” window opens for “Optimod 9400 – Modem”. D) Click the “Properties” button. E) Select the “General” tab and make sure that “Connect Using” displays the correct modem and port. F) Click the “Configure…” button. G) Set the “Maximum Speed (bps) to 115200. H) Check the “Enable hardware flow control,” make sure all other hardware features are unchecked.
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5-12 TROUBLESHOOTING ORBAN MODEL 9400 A) Click “Start / Programs / Accessories / Communications / Network Connections” to bring up the Network Connections screen. B) In the “Network Connections” window, right-click “Optimod 9400 - Direct” and choose “Properties.” C) The “Properties” window opens for “Optimod 9400 - Direct.” D) Click the “Networking” tab.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TROUBLESHOOTING C) Click the “Networking” tab. D) Set “Type of dial-up server I am calling” to “PPP: Windows 95 / 98 / NT4 / 2000, Internet” E) Select the “Settings” button. Make sure all PPP settings are unchecked, and then click “OK.” F) In “This connection uses the following items,” uncheck all except for “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).” You can also leave “QoS Packet Scheduler” checked if you like.
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5-14 TROUBLESHOOTING ORBAN MODEL 9400 Technical Support If you require technical support, contact Orban customer service. Be prepared to describe the problem accurately. Know the serial number of your 9400  this is printed on the rear panel of the unit. Telephone: (1) 510 / 351-3500 Write: Customer Service Orban 1525 Alvarado Street San Leandro, CA 94577 USA Fax: (1) 510 / 351-0500 E-Mail custserv@orban.com Please check Orban’s website, www.orban.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TROUBLESHOOTING als; foam “popcorn” and crumpled newspaper are not. Wrap cushioning materials tightly around the unit and tape them in place to prevent the unit from shifting out of its packing. Close the carton without sealing it and shake it vigorously. If you can hear or feel the unit move, use more packing. Seal the carton with 3-inch (8 cm) reinforced fiberglass or polyester sealing tape, top and bottom in an “H” pattern.
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PAGE 233
OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA Section 6 Technical Data Specifications It is impossible to characterize the listening quality of even the simplest limiter or compressor based on specifications, because such specifications cannot adequately describe the crucial dynamic processes that occur under program conditions. Therefore, the only way to evaluate the sound of an audio processor meaningfully is by subjective listening tests.
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6-2 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 Low-Pass Filter (processing for analog modulation): 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, or 9.5 (NRSC) kHz as set by user. Unit can be set up to comply easily with ITUR and NRSC spectrum masks. Filter can be set to be –0.1 dB, –3.0, or –6.0 dB down at the edge of the passband, trading off ringing against brightness. Low-Pass Filter (processing for digital modulation): 15 kHz.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA Source Impedance: Electronically balanced and floating outputs simulate a true transformer output. Because of the built-in third-order EMI suppression filter, the source impedance is 351. Loading the output with 600 will decrease the output level by 4.0 dB compared to a high impedance (bridging) load and will reduce the maximum available output level by 4.0 dB.
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6-4 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 Serial Port: 115 kbps RS–232 port dB–9 male, EMI-suppressed. Ethernet Port: 10 or 100 Mbit/sec on RJ45 female connector. Remote Control (GPI) Interface Configuration: Eight (8) inputs, opto-isolated and floating. Voltage: 6–15V AC or DC, momentary or continuous. 9VDC provided to facilitate use with contact closure. Connector: DB–25 male, EMI-suppressed.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA The drawing on page 6-29 shows circuit board locations. Overview The Control Circuits control the DSP, display, and Input/Output sections of the 9400 system. The Input Circuits include the connectors and RF filtering for the analog and digital audio inputs, the digital sync input, and the circuitry to interface these inputs to the digital processing.
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6-6 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 pared to convey this fact to Orban customer service if you call for technical assistance. The control board is divided into two assemblies: a “base board,” which has interface circuitry, and a “CPU controller module,” which plugs into the base board and which contains the CPU, the Ethernet interface chip, the flash memory, the DRAM, and the real-time clock, which keeps time for the 9400’s automation functions.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA 2. Switch Matrix and LED Indicators Located on display board Eleven front panel pushbutton switches are arranged in a matrix, configured as three columns and four rows. These switches are the primary element of the physical user interface to the 9400 control software.
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6-8 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 1. Analog Input Stages Located on Input/Output board The RF-filtered left and right analog input signals are each applied to a floating, balanced amplifier that has an adjustable (digitally controlled) gain. Analog switches set the gain. The outputs of a latch set the state of the switches. By writing data to the latch, the control circuits set the gain to correspond to what the user specifies via the front panel controls.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA 3. Digital Input Receiver and Sample Rate Converter (SRC) Located on Input/Output board The integrated receiver and input sample rate converter, IC500, accepts digital audio signals using the AES3 interface format (AES3-1992). The built-in sample rate converter (SRC) accepts and sample-rate converts any of the “standard” 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz, 88.2 kHz, and 96 kHz rates in addition to any digital audio sample rate within the range of 32 kHz and 96 kHz.
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6-10 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 IC211. The purpose of these stages is to reduce the out-of-band noise energy resulting from the delta-sigma D/A’s noise shaping filter and to translate the differential output of the D/A converter into single-ended form. These comrd ponents apply a 3 order low-pass filter to the differential signal from the D/A. This filter does not induce significant overshoot of the processed audio, which would otherwise waste modulation.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA normally. Please note any such messages and be ready to report them to Orban Customer Service. The DSP chips are located on the DSP board — see the drawings starting on page 652. U701 and U702 are local voltage regulators on the DSP board that derive the +3.3V supply for the DSP chips from the system digital 5V bus. Power Supply Warning! Hazardous voltages are present in the power supply when it is connected to the AC line.
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6-12 TECHNICAL DATA dBu DI DJ DO DOS DSP EBU EBS EMI ESC FCC FDNR FET FFT FIFO G/R HD Radio HF HP IBOC IC IM I/O ITU JFET LC LCD LED LF LP LVL MHF MLF MOD N&D N/C OSHOOT PC PCM PPM RAM RC RDS / RBDS REF RF RFI ORBAN MODEL 9400 is usually 600. In this case only, 0 dBm = 0.775V rms. decibel voltage measurement. 0 dBu = 0.775V RMS. For this application, the dBm-into600 scale on voltmeters can be read as if it were calibrated in dBu.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL RMS ROM SC SCA TECHNICAL DATA root-mean-square read-only memory subcarrier subsidiary communications authorization  a non program-related subcarrier in the AM baseband above 23 kHz (monophonic) or 57 kHz (stereophonic) Sony / Philips digital interface tip-ring-sleeve (2-circuit phone jack) total harmonic distortion transmitter S / PDIF TRS THD TX s Microseconds. For AM pre-emphasis, the +3 dB frequency is 1 / (2  ), where  is the preemphasis time constant, measured in seconds.
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6-14 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 Base Board PART # 42008.020 16013.000.01 20040.604.01 DESCRIPTION SUBASSEMBLY: FLAT CABLE-40P2" HEATSINK, CLIP-ON, TO 220 RESISTOR, METAL-FILM, 1/8W, 1%, 604 OHM 20121.750.01 20128.002.01 20129.301.01 20130.100.01 20130.162.01 20130.200.01 20130.332.01 20130.562.01 RESISTOR, METAL-FILM, ½W, 1%, 301 OHM RESISTOR, RF, 1/8W, 1%, 10 OHM, 1206 RESISTOR, TF, 1/8W, 1%, 75 OHM RESISTOR, 2.0 OHM 1% 0805 RESISTOR, 301 OHM, 0805 RESISTOR, 1.00K 1% 0805 RESISTOR, 1/8W, 1%, 1.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL PART # 24982.000.01 24983.000.01 24984.000.01 25008.000.01 27017.025.01 27147.016.01 27147.018.01 27371.040.01 27371.064.01 27406.004.01 27406.014.01 27421.004.01 27421.006.01 27421.010.01 27421.016.01 27426.003.01 27451.005.01 27451.024.01 28086.000.01 29521.000.01 44093.100.01 TECHNICAL DATA DESCRIPTION IC, 74HC4051M IC, MAX7064STC100-10 IC, LP2987IM-5.
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6-16 TECHNICAL DATA PART # 20233.102.01 20233.472.01 20237.472.01 21139.000.01 21141.000.01 21142.000.01 21146.310.01 21167.047.01 21170.018.01 21171.105.01 21322.547.01 21325.610.01 22101.001.01 24331.025.01 24331.033.01 24541.000.01 24542.000.01 24543.000.01 24544.000.01 24653.000.01 24670.000.01 24965.000.01 24972.520.01 27306.000.01 27370.040.01 27370.064.01 28031.000.01 28041.000.01 28089.000.01 28090.000.01 28091.000.01 32200.000.02 32201.000.02 44094.100.01 62200.000.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL PART # TECHNICAL DATA DESCRIPTION MODULE 8382 COMPONENT, IDENTIFIER DESCRIPTION CAPACITOR, X7R, 0.1uF, 10%, 0805 DIODE, SHOTTKY 1A, 60V, SMD IC, MAX208ECNG CONNECTOR, RIGHT ANGLE, PC MOUNT, 9-PIN IC, SOCKET, DIP, 24-PIN, DUAL CONNECTOR, SOCKET 2X8 STACKER INDUCTOR, 3.9UH, JM391K COMPONENT IDENTIFIER RS-232 Board PART # 21139.000.01 22209.000.01 24968.000.01 27017.009.01 27147.124.01 27489.016.01 29521.000.
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6-18 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 PART # DESCRIPTION 22201.400.01 DIODE, RECTIFIER IN4004 PRV400V 22208.040.01 22500.271.01 DIODE, SHOTTKY-31DQ04-3.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL PART # DESCRIPTION TECHNICAL DATA COMPONENT IDENTIFIER C644, C648, C651, C657, C658, C661, C663, C666, C667, C671, C673 21154.433.01 21137.447.01 20123.100.01 20126.100.01 CAPACITOR, CERAMIC, 10%, X7R, 0.33UF, SMT CAPACITOR, CERAMIC, 25V, 10%, 0.47UF, SMT RESISTOR, METAL FILM, 1/8W, 1%, 1.00K RESISTOR, METAL FILM, 1/8W, 1%, 1.00M, SMT C503 C113, C117, C234, C235, C256, C257 R521, R600, R601, R602, R603 R142, R152, R247, R248, R292, R295 21318.510.
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6-20 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER 21319.610.01 CAPACITOR, P, 20V, 10%, 10UF C112, C122, C129, C130, C131, C645, C646, C647 20131.113.01 20131.147.01 21144.000.01 20131.499.01 20039.499.01 RESISTOR, METAL FILM, 1/8W, 1%, 11.3K, SMT RESISTOR, METAL FILM, 1/8W, 1%, 14.7K, SMT CAPACITOR, CERAMIC, 100V, 47PF, 5%, SMT RESISTOR, METAL FILM, 1/8W, 1%, 49.9K, SMT RESISTOR, METAL FILM, 1/8W, 1%, 49.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER 21112.215.01 CAPACITOR, CERAMIC, DISC, 10%, 1KV, 1500PF C240, C241, C242, C243, C260, C261, C264, C265 21112.230.01 CAPACITOR, CERAMIC, DISC, 10%, 1KV, 3000PF C100, C102, C104, C106 21138.247.01 CAPACITOR, CERAMIC, 50V, 4700PF, NPO, SMT C109, C110, C115, C116, C518, C522 22102.001.01 DIODE, HOT CARRIER, 5082-2800 CR500 21112.282.01 CAPACITOR, CERAMIC DISC, 10%, 1KV, 8200PF C132, C133, C134, C135 29534.000.01 24753.
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6-22 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER 27147.008.01 DIP-8P, SOCKET IC100, IC102, IC213, IC214, IC219, IC220 27147.016.01 32261.000.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA Input/Output (I/O) Board: Daughter Board PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER 21139.000.01 (0805) CAPACITOR, CERAMIC, 50V, 0.1UF, SMT C2, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12 21318.510.01 (1206) CAPACITOR, P, 35V, 10%, 1UF C4 21319.610.01 CAPACITOR, P, TANTALUM, 25V, 10UF, SMT C3 20131.499.01 RESISTOR, METAL FILM, 1/8W, 1%, 49.9K, SMT R3, R4, R5, R6 24634.000.01 IC, OCTAL, 74HC241A, SMT IC4 20129.110.
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6-24 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 PART # DESCRIPTION 21141.000.01 CAPACITOR, NPO, 1000PF, 1%, 0805 CAPACITOR RADIAL LEADS 470UF 16V HFS CAPACITOR RADIAL LEADS 100UF 50V HFS CAPACITOR TANTALUM SMT 0.22uf 20% CAPACITOR, 10uf, TANTALUM, SMT DIODE, VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR, 33 VLT DIODE, VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR, 6.8 VLT DIODE-SCHOTTKY-31DQ04-3.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA Display Board PART # 42007.080 15062.390.01 20122.110.01 20124.100.01 20125.100.01 20226.000.01 21131.410.01 21313.568.01 24851.000.01 24857.000.01 24900.000.01 24905.000.01 24908.000.01 25106.001.01 25119.003.01 25167.000.01 25168.000.01 27216.012.01 27421.004.
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6-26 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 Schematics and Parts Locator Drawings These drawings reflect the actual construction of your unit as accurately as possible. Any differences between the drawings and your unit are probably due to product improvements or production changes since the publication of this manual. If you intend to replace parts, please read page 6-13. Please note that because surface-mount parts are used extensively in the 8382, few parts are field-replaceable.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL Function TECHNICAL DATA Description Control and Digital I/O Interface and Power Distribution I/O Daughter Board DSP Board Display Board DSP Block Diagram Monitor Rolloff Filter Digital Outputs 1 and 2 DSP Chips; Local +3.3V regulator.
PAGE 260
PAGE 261
OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA 6-29
PAGE 262
6-30 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 Base Board Parts Locator Drawing (for schematic 62165.000.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA +5VD SD(0..15) FROM POWER SUPPLY U5 3 A2 2 A1 B2 17 B1 18 Gnd 10 1-4B 1 24.
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6-32 /MEMCS16 /MEMWR 2-1B /SMEMWR /SMEMRD 3-7C 3-7C /SBHE /GPIOCS /GPIOCS16 TV66 2-1B 2-1B /GPIOWR /GPIORD RSTDRV GPRDY GPAEN GPTC GPALE A1a SA18 SA17 /DACK0 DRQ0 /DACK5 SD8 SD9 SD10 SD11 SD12 SD13 SD14 SD15 DRQ5 /DACK6 DRQ6 /DACK7 DRQ7 2 1 2 F3 JTAG_TDO JTAG_TDO JTAG_TMS E4 F4 JTAG_/TRST JTAG_TMS JTAG_TDI E5 F5 JTAG_TCK E6 F6 E7 F7 /RING2 E8 F8 /RTS2 /DCD2 E9 F9 SIN2 TV88 /DTR2 TV74 JTAG_BR/TC /DSR2 E10 F10 SOUT2 E11 F11 /DTR1 SA18 /RI1 E12 F12 /RTS1 SA17
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA 6-33 +15V +RAW R62 1 10.0K 75.0 Ω 2 K 1 2 A 3 A Plus15V 1N4148 10uF 1 D11 2 K R84 3 C39 1 2 DELAY GND 10uF 2 C36 1 0.1uF 10% D15 /ERROR 75.0 Ω D9 K 1 2 1 D10 K 75.0 Ω A +RAW 1N4148 2 C15 14.0K R61 C38 10.0K R67 R64 Minus15V /SHUTDOWN 332K D12 A 8 10uF 7 Vcc_PSM 10.0K SENSE R83 R82 4 INPUT C14 R60 Plus15V 6 OUTPUT 10uF R78 LP2987IM-5.0 1 N.C. C37 5 0.1uF U20 2.
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6-34 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 FP_ROW-COL 3-1B DISPLAY +5VD R104 10.0K /GPIORD 1 /AUX_BUSEN 6 74HC14D TV78 74HC14D U13d 2 7 7 ENC2 TV79 U13f 9 13 8 74HC14D 74HC14D 16-PIN DIP U11a U10 a 1 16 2 D8 D7 R48 1 PS2506-4 604 Ω 2 2 4 +5VD 74HC14D R27 15 1 A. R28 604 Ω 4 R49 11 3 13 74HC14D 15 17 4 TV18 1 R29 R30 Chas 604 Ω TV10 12 6 3.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA CPU Module 6-35
PAGE 268
6-36 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 +3.3 VDC R25 150 ohm, 5%, 0805 5 10 R24 150 ohm, 5%, 0805 C RN4 4.7 k, 5%, CTS 745?083472J 1 9 8 7 6 4 3 2 PCI_AD[0..
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+3.
PAGE 270
6-38 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 DRAM Circuitry MD[0..31] MA[0..12] +3.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA 6-39 +3.3 VDC R26 4.
PAGE 272
6-40 5 4 TECHNICAL DATA 3 ORBAN MODEL 9400 2 1 +3.3 VDC +2.5 VDC +3.3 VDC +5 VDC C201 See Table 1 Vin Vout 3 C14 1 uf C13 10 uf, low ESR 2 + Gnd Gnd 34 42 43 48 4 C16 10 uf, low ESR 2 + Vin Vout 3 Gnd Gnd 4 127 50 41 35 FSGnd 20 32 PHYGnd1 PHYGnd2 FSVdd 36 PHYVdd1 PHYVdd2 33 21 6 12 46 52 +3.
PAGE 273
OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA RS232 BOARD PARTS LOCATOR 6-41
PAGE 274
6-42 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 +5VD SU1 SOCKET C5 0.1uF 9 24 PIN DIP 0.1uF 13 14 5 18 19 21 6 4 22 17 +5VD C1+ C1C2+ C2- V- 11 C6 15 0.1uF T1 IN T2 IN T3 IN T4 IN R1 OUT R2 OUT R3 OUT R4 OUT V+ T1 OUT T2 OUT T3 OUT T4 OUT R1 IN R2 IN R3 IN R4 IN 2 1 24 20 7 3 23 16 8 C1 0.1uF RESERVED RESERVED /DCD1 /CTS1 /RTS1 SOUT1 10 12 GND C2 0.1uF VCC C3 C4 0.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA 8300 POWER SUPPLY PARTS LOCATOR 6-43
PAGE 276
6-44 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 Plus15V Lug 1 CR19 2 1N4734A 5.6v Zener 1 C3 2 100 F, 25v 10% 1 6.8V Transorb CR17 1 C10 1 CR20 2 1N4734A 5.6v Zener 1 C2 2 100 F, 25v 10% 1 6.8V Transorb CR14 2 CR18 C6 1 1 2 +5VD J4 Minus15V Mounting Kit 2 2 6 5 4 1 V1 15025.000.01 V2 To: Base Board 15025.000.01 1 4 2 5 3 6 4 2 3 1 Minus15V Mounting Kit 1 115v/230v +RAW Minus5VA J5 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 AGND 3 2 1 2 0.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA 6-45 Input / Output Board Parts Locator Drawing (for schematic 62260.000.
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6-46 +15V 3 C108 E201 1 2 C103 O PA2134PA +15V 1.00M 1% 0.47U F 25V C111 0.1U F 50V 3 E203 5V CR107 1N4148W R125 R118 4.99K 1% R146 Vdd Vss 6 9 IN4 5.62K 1% R129 14.7K 1% 8 IN3 IN2 768OHM 1% R127 1.50K 1% R145 3.65K 0.1% AGN D 2 DD7 DD6 R147 3.65K 0.1% R148 3.65K 0.1% IC106A 1 2 IC1 05B 3 7 VD VCO M L DFS SMODE 1 AINL+ AINL HPFE AINR + R151 150OHM 1% OPA2134U A +15V C123 0.1U F 50V C124 0.1U F 50V FSYNC 26 C115 4700PF 5%,50V C116 4700PF 5% ,50V AGND 2 C125 0.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA +5VA LEFT ANALOG OUT PUT 1 MC LK R257 100O HM 1% 8.4 5K 1% 8.45K1% 82.5K 1% AGN D 4 0.47UF 25V 5V IC212A 1 AGN D 4 AGND 4 R256 C239 1000PF 5% 49.9O HM 1% 15V L207 C243 1500PF 10% R260 + R297 L208 R299 49.9O HM 1% 1.2m H 100O HM 1% 8.4 5K 1% R272 8.45K1% 82.5K 1% R275 R274 8.45K1% 5 4 C251 470PF 1%,50V 16 IC217A 1 2 3 +15V AK4393VF R276 R277 8.4 5K 1% 8.45K1% R278 R282 3.48K 1% 82.5K 1% R281 R285 3.48K 1% 8.45K 1% R286 11.
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6-48 E550 PICS DI DIGITAL OUT PUT DAU G H TER BO AR D CON NECTOR R501 49.9K 1% +5VD AESINS C LK J505 AESINLR C K PIC SC K 3 2 L501 8 3 4 2 C503 9 1.62K 1% 12 /SRCRST + C516 1.0U F 35v VL+ 13 14 26 2 MC LK (SH T5) +5VD 23 20 U SD O U T 3 4 C502 0.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA DSP B OAR D CONN ECTOR E612 18.432M H ZA 75O H M 1% IC 603C 6 (SH T4) 5 (SH T2) (SH T4) 74HC14A R605 R602 1.00K 1% 36.864M H ZA H EADER 14 R606 1 19 ID C H EADER 2X13 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 G G Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 E606 E605 18 16 14 12 9 7 5 3 AO U T1_DATA 7 IC 603E 10 8.
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6-50 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 Input / Output Daughterboard Parts Locator Drawing for schematic 62280.000.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA IC5 1 2 MC LK 3 IC2 NC MMODE_ 2 MC LK _IN MMODE_ 1 MC LK _O U T MMODE_ 0 28 PICSDI 1 27 /AES OU T CS1 2 26 3 SD A/CDOUT SCL/C CLK AD0 /CS AD 1/C D IN AD2 TXP 28 PICSCK 27 PICSDO 26 R1 AES/EBU DIGITA L OUTPUT 1 L1 1 T1 2 SC LK_O 25 4 RX P TXN 4 25 DOU T1_BC LK 5 SCLK_I LRC LK_O 24 5 DGND H/S 8 24 +5VD DOU T1_FC LK 6 LRCL K_I SDATA _O 23 +5VD SC 937 2 L2 8 VD D _IO DGND VD D _CORE DGND 6 VD VL 23 FERRITE 22 7
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6-52 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 DSP BOARD PARTS LOCATOR DRAWING 32170.000.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA 6-53 E50 FSYNCB BCLKB EXTALB IC101A DSP56362-120 +3.3V N/C N/C C101 11 10 13 15 17 55 59 61 45 46 47 SD10 SD11 FSR SCKR HCKR EXTAL CLKOUT PINIT/NMI VCCP PCAP GNDP SDO0 SDO1 FST SCKT HCKT SDO2/SD13 SDO3/SD12 MODA/IRQA MODB/IRQB MODC/IRQC MODD/IRQD E28 4 5 12 14 16 6 7 137 136 135 134 N/C SD_00 SD_01 (SHT7) IC102A DSP56362-120 E29 (SHT7) +3.3V (SHT7) N/C N/C N/C N/C +3.
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6-54 (SHT6) (SHT6,7) ORBAN MODEL 9400 A[0..2] D[0..
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA N/C N/C VCCS 25 38 8 57 65 VCCC VCCH TDO TMS TRST DE N/C 28 27 29 141 140 139 142 138 53 60 SCK SDO SDI SS4 N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C * N/C VCCS 25 8 65 38 VCCH TDO TMS TRST DE N/C GNDS N/C TDI GNDS 60 N/C TCK 26 53 N/C TIO0 GNDH 138 N/C ADO 9 142 N/C SCK MISO MOS1 SS HREQ ACI 39 139 N/C VCCD VCCD VCCA VCCA VCCA VCCQH VCCQH VCCQH VCCQL VCCQL VCCQL VCCQL GNDP1 GNDQ GNDQ GNDQ GNDQ GNDA GNDA GNDA GNDA GNDD GNDD GNDC
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6-56 TECHNICAL DATA IC503 EPM7064AETC44-10 IC502 74LVX4245 +3.3V +3.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA IC604 IC603 EPM7256ATC100-10 (SHT6) P1TDI R603 100K 1% 75.0 OHM R612 ODATA1 75.0 OHM 1 19 DACBCLK OE1 OE2 16 14 R808 E48 33.2OHM 18 (SHT2) (SHT2) 2 1 20 19 C801 10UF 20V 74LVC2244 6 5 0.1UF 16 8 RST MODE ML/SR01 MC/FS1 MD/FS0 Vddb IDATA0 IDATA1 IDATA2 3 R801 10.
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6-58 TECHNICAL DATA C740 0.1UF C742 0.1UF ORBAN MODEL 9400 +3.3V C709 0.1UF C711 0.1UF C712 0.1UF C713 0.1UF C714 0.1UF C715 0.1UF C716 0.1UF C718 0.1UF C719 0.1UF C720 0.1UF C723 0.1UF C724 0.1UF C725 0.1UF C726 0.1UF C727 0.1UF C732 0.1UF C733 0.1UF C734 0.1UF C739 0.1UF C741 0.1UF C744 0.1UF C751 0.1UF C754 0.1UF C756 0.1UF C758 0.1UF C759 0.1UF C761 0.1UF C762 0.1UF C771 1000PF C772 1000PF C773 1000PF C774 1000PF +3.3V +3.3V C701 0.1UF C702 0.1UF C703 0.
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA IC101C DSP56362-120 N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C +3.3V N/C R301 99 98 97 94 93 92 89 88 85 84 83 82 79 78 77 76 73 72 D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 A17 A16 A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 70 69 51 50 52 68 67 62 63 71 64 AA0/RAS0 AA0/RAS1 AA0/RAS2 AA0/RAS3 CAS RD WR TA BR BG BB 10.
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6-60 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 DISPLAY BOARD PARTS LOCATOR
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA DISPLAY BOARD 6-61
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6-62 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 9400 HF LIMITER FEEDBACK LINE ALL CONTROLS TO THE RIGHT OF THIS LINE ARE INDEPENDENT BETWEEN THE HD AND ANALOG PROCESSING CHAINS CLIPPING DISTORTION CONTROLLER FEEDBACK LINE CLIPPER AND OVERSHOOT COMP IMPLEMENT OUTPUT LOWPASS FILTERING TRACKS OUTPUT LPF TWO-BAND STEREO INPUT STEREO ENHANCER LOW PASS FILTER HIGHPASS FILTER STEREO MONO L MONO R MONO SUM AGC EQUALIZER HF ENHANCER 5-BAND 5-BAND COMPRESSOR LIMITER RECEIVER EQ CLIPPING DISTORTION CONTROLLER DIS
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OPTIMOD-AM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA 6-63