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Technical Terms and Abbreviations
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ISA-99/IEC 62443
Security Level
ANSI/ISA 62443 is a series of standards, technical reports, and related
information that define procedures for implementing electronically secure
Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS). This guidance applies to
end-users (for example, asset owner), system integrators, security
practitioners, and control systems manufacturers responsible for
manufacturing, implementing, or managing IACS.
These documents were originally referred to as ANSI/ISA-99 or ISA99
standards, as they were created by the International Society for Automation
(ISA) and publicly released as American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
documents. In 2010, they were renumbered to be the ANSI/ISA-62443 series.
This change was intended to align the ISA and ANSI document numbering
with the corresponding International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
standards.
ISO
The International Organization for Standardization is an international standard-
setting body composed of representatives from various national standards
organizations.
MNS
Mass Notification System is a platform that sends one-way messages to inform
employees and the public of an emergency. Such systems can improve the
safety and security of an organization by providing alerts and real-time
instruction during a crisis.
NTLM
In a Windows network, NT LAN Manager (NTLM) is a suite of Microsoft
security protocols that provides authentication, integrity, and confidentiality to
users. NTLM is the successor to the authentication protocol in Microsoft LAN
Manager (LANMAN), an older Microsoft product. The NTLM protocol suite is
implemented in a Security Support Provider, which combines the LAN
Manager authentication protocol, NTLMv1, NTLMv2 and NTLM2 Session
protocols in a single package. Whether these protocols are used or can be
used on a system is governed by Group Policy settings, for which different
versions of Windows have different default settings. NTLM passwords are
considered weak because they can be brute-forced very easily with modern
hardware.
NTP
Network Time Protocol. A networking protocol for time synchronization
between computers.
OPC
The OPC Foundation (OPC formally known as Object Linking and Embedding
for Process Control) is an industry consortium that creates and maintains
standards for open connectivity of industrial automation devices and systems,
such as industrial control systems and process control generally. The OPC
standards specify the communication of industrial process data, alarms and
events, historical data and batch process data between sensors, instruments,
controllers, software systems, and notification devices.
OPC DA
OPC Data Access. This group of standards provides specifications for
communicating real-time data from data acquisition devices such as PLCs to
display and interface devices like Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI). The
specifications focus on the continuous communication of data.
OPC UA
OPC Unified Architecture. An entirely new set of standards that incorporates
all of the functionality of the above standards (and more), but does so using
cross platform web services and other modern technology.