Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards 125-1937 Rev.
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Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Table of Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 Where To Send Comments ........................................................................................... 1 Applicable Definitions (Alphabetical Listing) ................................................................ 2 Laboratory Safety ...................................................................
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Biosafety Level 2 .......................................................................................................... 58 Biosafety Level 3 .......................................................................................................... 59 Biosafety Level 4 .......................................................................................................... 61 Ventilation for Biosafety Level 1 ..................................................
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Manifolded Systems .................................................................................................. 138 Air Velocity ................................................................................................................. 139 Stack Height and Discharge Location ....................................................................... 140 Operational Reliability ...............................................................................
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Introduction This guide covers the codes and standards requirements for ventilation systems serving laboratory facilities. Pertinent factors affecting laboratory ventilation systems are listed in tabular format in the left hand column while applicable regulatory and standard document quotations are identified and listed in the adjoining (middle) column.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Applicable Definitions (Alphabetical Listing) Term Definition Commentary Air Changes per Hour (ACH) A unit of measurement that expresses the ventilation rate for a space (room). Each ACH represents a quantity of airflow per hour relative to the overall room volume. For instance, if a room’s dimensions are 12 feet wide by 20 feet long by 10 feet in height, its volume would be 2,400 cubic feet.
Applicable Definitions (Alphabetical Listing) Term ASHRAE 110 Test Standard Siemens Industry, Inc. Definition This is a very comprehensive series of test procedures that was very painstakingly developed by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. over many years for the purpose of determining the performance of bench type fume hoods.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Term Definition Commentary ASHRAE 110 Tests • (6.1(6.1) Face Velocity Measurements An anemometer mounted on a stand is used to measure the air velocity at the mid point of an imaginary grid across the plane of the fume hood’s design sash opening, The grid spaces must consist of less than 1.0 square feet (0.9 square meters). The anemometer must read and record 20 measurements at one per second at the mid point of each grid space.
Applicable Definitions (Alphabetical Listing) Term • (7.3) Local Visualization Challenge • (7.4) Large Visualization Challenge • (7.5) Smoke Evaluation Siemens Industry, Inc. Definition Commentary This consists of releasing a modest amount of smoke at several locations with the sash in the ‘test’ position.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Term Definition Commentary • (8.1) Tracer Gas Tests (Continued) This is the most intricate part of the ASHRAE 110 test and uses a precise release of sulfur hexafluoride gas (or a gas of similar molecular weight and stability) inside of the fume hood.
Applicable Definitions (Alphabetical Listing) Term Definition Autoclave A laboratory facility appliance used to destroy biohazardous waste and sterilize certain apparatus by means of high temperatures. Autoclaves come in various sizes and arrangements and commonly use pressurized steam as the sterilizing agent. Barriers – Primary & Secondary A barrier is a means of protection against contact with potentially harmful chemical or biological agents.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Term Definition Commentary Chemical Hygiene Plan U.S. OSHA: “A written program developed and implemented by the employer which sets forth procedures, equipment, personal protective equipment and work practices that are capable of protecting employees from the health hazards presented by hazardous chemicals used in that particular workplace and meets the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section.
Applicable Definitions (Alphabetical Listing) Term Definition Commentary Flow Tracking (Airflow Tracking) A method of maintaining a room under either a ‘negative’ or ‘positive’ pressure. Laboratory rooms are normally required to be under negative pressure which means that the room is deliberately kept a slight vacuum with respect to the corridor and/or surrounding area. (Also see the definition for ‘Pressurization’.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Term Definition Fume Hood: Baffle Interior panel(s) on the rear wall of a fume hood that can be adjusted to direct the air flowing through the fume hood interior for maximum effectiveness. Fume Hood: California Hood A fume hood with multiple or all sides being transparent and often with access to the interior from two or more sides. It is often utilized when large distillation equipment is required and in teaching labs when greater visibility is desired.
Applicable Definitions (Alphabetical Listing) Term Definition Fume Hood: Low Velocity A fume hood designed to provide containment at a lower face velocity (typically 60 fpm or less). Low flow fume hoods achieve their performance through various means that include specific airflow/airfoil designs, unique baffle configurations and may also incorporate internal apparatus (that is, fans, etc.) to achieve their stated performance.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Term Definition Glovebox A fully enclosed protective enclosure in which a user gains access to the inside by inserting their hands into impervious gloves which are permanently attached to one or more sides of the glovebox.
Applicable Definitions (Alphabetical Listing) Term Definition Commentary Hood: Snorkel or ‘Elephant Trunk’ A small exhaust provision, usually for bench-top work, that can be positioned very close to the source of the fumes for optimum effect. It usually consists of a length of 3 inch to 6 inch diameter flexible metallic duct and provides essentially the same functionality as a slot hood. Laboratory National Fire Protection Association, Standard NFPA 45, 2011, 3.3.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Term Definition Commentary Microenvironment Macroenvironment These terms are mainly associated with animal housing facilities. A microenvironment usually refers to small ventilated cages (shoe box size) for small animals – mostly mice. The macroenvironment typically refers to the overall room which contains the individual ventilated cages. The microenvironment (temperature, humidity, ventilation rate, etc.) can be quite different from the room macroenvironment.
Applicable Definitions (Alphabetical Listing) Term Definition Commentary Time Weighted Average (TWA) The concentration value of an airborne toxic substance obtained by averaging the concentration level over a specified period of time. Ventilation System: CAV and VAV These are common abbreviations for a Constant Air Volume (CAV) and a Variable Air Volume (VAV) ventilation system respectively.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Laboratory Safety Term Hazard Assessment Chemical Hygiene Plan Definition Commentary U.S. OSHA, 29 CFR, Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances, 1910.1450, A: 1. It is prudent to minimize all chemical exposures. Because few laboratory chemicals are without hazards, general precautions for handling all laboratory chemicals should be adopted, rather than specific guidelines for particular chemicals.
Laboratory Safety Term Chemical Hygiene Plan (Continued) Chemical Hygiene Responsibilities Definition American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 AIHA 2.2. The laboratory shall develop a Chemical Hygiene Plan according to the OSHA Laboratory Standard. American National Standard for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems , ANSI/AIHA Z10–2005 6.1 Monitoring, Measurement, and Assessment.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Term Definition Chemical Hygiene Responsibilities 4.
Fume Hoods Fume Hoods Topic When Required & Safe Usage Requirement(s) Commentary U.S. OSHA, 29 CFR, Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances,1910.1450,A3,C4(b),E1(n)(q),E3(f): Provide adequate ventilation. The best way to prevent exposure to airborne substances is to prevent their escape into the working atmosphere by use of hoods and other ventilation devices. A laboratory hood with 2.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Requirement(s) When Required & Safe Usage Scientific Equipment & Furniture Association SEFA 1-2006 Recommended Practices for Laboratory Fume Hoods 6.1 The employer is responsible for ensuring that the hood meets satisfactory safety standards. A hood operator is responsible for ensuring that the hood is used in a safe manner and according to your organization’s safety guidelines.
Fume Hoods Topic When Required & Safe Usage (Continued) Gloveboxes: 2 Requirement(s) Commentary American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION A Manual of Recommended Practice, 27th Edition VS-35-04 (WORK PRACTICES FOR LABORATORY HOODS) 1. Conduct all operations that may generate air contaminants at or above the ® 2 appropriate TLV inside a hood. 2. Keep all apparatus at least 6 inches back from the face of the hood.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Face Velocity Requirement(s) Commentary U.S. OSHA, 29 CFR, Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances,1910.1450,C4(g): General air flow should not be turbulent and should be relatively uniform throughout the laboratory, with no high velocity or static areas; airflow into and within the hood should not be excessively turbulent; hood face velocity should be adequate (typically 60-100 lfm).
Fume Hoods Topic Face Velocity (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary In addition to maintaining proper fume hood face velocity, fume hoods that reduce the exhaust volume as the sash opening is reduced should maintain a minimum exhaust volume to ensure that contaminants are diluted and exhausted from a hood. The chemical fume hood exhaust airflow should not be reduced to less than the flow rate recommended in ANSI/AIHA Z9.5. A.8.9.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Face Velocity Setback Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary California OSHA – Division of Occupational Health & Safety (DOSH) Subchapter 7. General Industry Safety Orders, Group 16. Control of Hazardous Substances, Article 107. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors and Gases 5154.1.
Fume Hoods Topic Size & ADA Compliance CAV (Constant Air Volume) Bypass CAV (Constant Air Volume) Conventional Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) U.S. OSHA, 29 CFR, Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances,1910.1450,C4(b): A laboratory hood with 2.5 linear feet of hood space per person should be provided for every 2 workers if they spend most of their time working with chemicals. U.S.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic VAV (Variable Air Volume) Requirement(s) American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 3.2.6 A variable air volume hood is a laboratory hood that shall meet the requirements in 3.2.1 and 3.3 and is designed so the exhaust volume is varied in proportion to the opening of the hood face. (3.2.1 requires hood construction be adequate and 3.
Fume Hoods Topic VAV Diversity Requirement(s) Commentary American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 5.1.2 The following issues shall be evaluated in order to design for diversity: • Use patterns of hoods • Type, size and operating times of the facility • Quantity of hoods and researchers • Sash management (sash habits of users) • Requirements to maintain a minimum exhaust volume for each hood on the system.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Automatic Sash Closure Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 3.1.1.
Fume Hoods Topic Safe Operation of Sashes Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) U.S. OSHA, 29 CFR, Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances,1910.1450, Appendix A Confirm adequate hood performance before use; keep hood closed at all times except when adjustments within the hood are being made; American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation, ANSI/AIHA Z9.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Accessories, Services and Explosion Protection Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary National Fire Protection Association, Standard NFPA 45, 2011 8.2.3 Chemical fume hoods shall not be relied upon to provide explosion (blast) protection unless specifically designed to do so. A.8.2.3 Hoods having explosionproof electrical devices are sometimes referred to as explosionproof hoods.
Fume Hoods Topic Ductless Auxiliary Air Requirement(s) Commentary American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation, ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 4.2 Ductless hoods shall meet the general requirements of Section 3.1 and 3.3 as applicable. (3.1 requires hood construction be adequate and 3.3 requires adequate face velocity, periodic face velocity measurement and an airflow measuring device on the hood.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Auxiliary Air (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary NOTE: Consideration should be given to preconditioning and filtering auxiliary air. Auxiliary air fume hoods shall also conform to the following requirements: • Provide safe capture and efficient removal of fumes from the hood when operated at air ratios specified by the manufacturer.
Fume Hoods Topic (Special Purpose) Perchloric Acid Requirement(s) California OSHA – Division of Occupational Health & Safety (DOSH) Subchapter 7. General Industry Safety Orders, Group 16. Control of Hazardous Substances, Article 107. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors and Gases 5154.1. Ventilation Requirements for Laboratory-Type Hood Operations: When perchloric acid is evaporated in laboratory-type hoods…. the materials of construction shall be inert, smooth, and nonabsorbent.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic (Special Purpose) Perchloric Acid (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary A8.11.8 Perchloric acid hoods should be washed down after each use. 8.11.8.1 The hood work surface shall be watertight with a minimum depression of 13 mm (1/2 in.) at the front and sides. 8.11.8.2 An integral trough shall be provided at the rear of the hood to collect washdown water. 8.11.9 The hood baffle shall be removable for inspection & cleaning. 8.11.
Fume Hoods Topic (Special Purpose) Perchloric Acid (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary 9. Each perchloric acid hood should have an individual exhaust system. Slope horizontal runs to drain. Avoid sharp turns. 10. Construct the hood and duct to allow easy visual inspection. 11. Where required, use a high efficiency (greater than 80%) wet collector constructed for perchloric acid service.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Requirement(s) Commentary (Special Purpose) Radioisotope National Fire Protection Association, Standard NFPA 45, 2011 A-8-12.1 Laboratory hoods in which radioactive materials are handled should be identified with the radiation hazard symbol. For information, see NFPA 801, Standard for Fire Protection for Facilities Handling Radioactive Materials. American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation, ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 1.
Fume Hoods Topic Room Air Cross Currents Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary U.S. OSHA, 29 CFR, Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances,1910.1450,C4(g): General air flow should not be turbulent and should be relatively uniform throughout the laboratory, with no high velocity or static areas; airflow into and within the hood should not be excessively turbulent. National Fire Protection Association, Standard NFPA 45, 2011 8.8.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Room Air Cross Currents (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION A Manual of Recommended Practice, 27th Edition 3.7.1. Replacement air should be introduced at a low velocity and in a direction which does not cause disruptive cross-drafts at the hood opening. California OSHA – Division of Occupational Health & Safety (DOSH) Subchapter 7.
Fume Hoods Topic Minimum Exhaust Requirement(s) National Fire Protection Association, Standard NFPA 45, 2011 A-8.4.7 In addition to maintaining proper fume hood face velocity, fume hoods that reduce the exhaust In addition to maintaining proper fume hood face velocity, fume hoods that reduce the exhaust volume as the sash opening is reduced should maintain a minimum exhaust volume to ensure that contaminants are diluted and exhausted from a hood.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Requirement(s) Fire Protection/ Emergency Control Provisions National Fire Protection Association, Standard NFPA 45, 2011 8.10.1 Automatic fire protection systems shall not be required in chemical fume hoods or exhaust systems except in the following cases: (1) Existing hoods having interiors with a flame spread index greater than 25 in which flammable liquids are handled.
Fume Hoods Topic Requirement(s) Fire Protection/ Emergency Control Provisions Scientific Equipment & Furniture Association SEFA 1–2006 Recommended Practices for Laboratory Fume Hoods 4.1.9 Hood Services • Any fire protection system used in a chemical fume hood should be compliant with local codes and regulations, and NFPA 17. • Any fire suppression system used in a chemical fume hood should be rated for fire classes A, B, or C with manual and thermal activation triggers.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Monitoring Requirement(s) Commentary National Fire Protection Association, Standard NFPA 45, 2011 8.8.7 Measuring Device for Hood Airflow. A measuring device for hood airflow shall be provided on each chemical fume hood. 8.8.7.1 The measuring device for hood airflow shall be a permanently installed device. 8.8.7.2 The measuring device for hood airflow shall provide constant indication to the hood user of adequate or inadequate hood airflow.
Fume Hoods Topic Monitoring (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary (B) Qualitative airflow measurements that indicate the ability of the hood to maintain an inward airflow at all openings of the hood as required shall be demonstrated using smoke tubes or other suitable qualitative methods. This demonstration shall be performed: 1. Upon initial installation 2.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Selection Criteria and Performance Specifications Requirement(s) American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 6.3 Specifications and procurement of laboratory chemical hoods shall be based on tests conducted on the hood (or prototype hood) that demonstrate adequate hood containment.
Fume Hoods Topic Laboratory Design & Fume Hood Implementation Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary Scientific Equipment & Furniture Association SEFA 1–2006 Recommended Practices for Laboratory Fume Hoods 6.6 The following list provides a summary of responsibilities for each group involved with ensuring proper operation of laboratory fume hood systems. 6.6.1 Management • Provide Commitment to Health and Safety • Provide leadership • Direct and coordinate activities.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Requirement(s) Laboratory Design and Fume Hood Implementation 6.6.5 Construction Team • Construct in accordance with contract documents, and regional, local, and national codes. • Provide coordinated effort to meet design and performance requirements. • Coordinate field changes with other appropriate team members. 6.6.6 Controls Manufacturer • Supports design and specification of appropriate fume hood control system.
Fume Hoods Topic Maintenance Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary Scientific Equipment & Furniture Association SEFA 1–2006 Recommended Practices for Laboratory Fume Hoods 5.5 Fume hood maintenance procedures primarily consist of clean up, adjustments, lubrication and replacement of worn, damaged or nonfunctioning parts. Use good housekeeping in laboratory fume hoods at all times Periodically clean sash(es) exterior and interior surfaces, including light panel.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Periodic Testing Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary U.S. OSHA, 29 CFR, Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, Title: Toxic and Hazardous Substances,1910.1450,C4(h): (h) Evaluation. Quality and quantity of ventilation should be evaluated on installation, regularly monitored (at least every 3 months), and reevaluated whenever a change in local ventilation devices is made.
Fume Hoods Topic Periodic Testing (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 6.4 Routine performances tests shall be conducted at least annually or whenever a significant change has been made to the operational characteristics of the hood system.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Test Procedures Requirement(s) Commentary National Fire Protection Association, Standard NFPA 45, 2011 8.13.1 When installed or modified and at least annually thereafter, chemical fume hoods, chemical fume hood exhaust systems, and laboratory special exhaust systems shall be inspected and tested as applicable, as follows: (1) Visual inspection of the physical conditions of the hood interior, sash and ductwork. (2) Measuring device for hood airflow.
Fume Hoods Topic Requirement(s) Test Procedures American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 6.6 If practical, the exhaust flow rate from hoods shall be tested by measuring the flow in the duct by the hood throat suction method or by flow meter.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Signage and Recordkeeping Requirement(s) California OSHA – Division of Occupational Health & Safety (DOSH) Subchapter 7. General Industry Safety Orders, Group 16. Control of Hazardous Substances, Article 107. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors and Gases 5154.1.
Fume Hoods Topic Requirement(s) Signage and Recordkeeping American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation, ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 7.5 Each hood shall be posted with a notice giving the date of the last periodic field test. If the hood failed the performance test, it shall be taken out of service until repaired, or posted with a use restriction.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Shutdown Procedures Requirement(s) U.S. OSHA, 29 CFR, Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances,1910.1450,E1(n): Leave the hood "on" when it is not in active use if toxic substances are stored in it or if it is uncertain whether adequate general laboratory ventilation will be maintained when it is "off". California OSHA – Division of Occupational Health & Safety (DOSH) Subchapter 7.
Fume Hoods Fume Hood Ventilation Systems Topic Evaluating CAV (Constant Air Volume) Systems Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 6.5.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Evaluating VAV (Variable Air Volume) Systems Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 6.5.3 VAV hood systems shall be commissioned prior to use by laboratory personnel to ensure that all system components function properly and the system operates as designed under all anticipated operating modes.
Biological Laboratories Biological Laboratories Topic Biosafety Level 1 Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) ASHRAE, 2011 Handbook - HVAC Applications, Laboratories, Pg. 16.17, Containment Laboratories: Biosafety Level 1 is suitable for work involving well-characterized agents not known to consistently cause disease in immunocompetent adult humans, and present minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Biosafety Level 2 Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) ASHRAE, 2011 Handbook - HVAC Applications, Laboratories, Pg. 16.17, Containment Laboratories: Biosafety Level 2 is suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment. Laboratory access is limited when certain work is in progress. The laboratory may be cleaned easily and contains a sink for washing hands.
Biological Laboratories Topic Biosafety Level 3 Requirement(s) Commentary ASHRAE, 2011 Handbook - HVAC Applications, Laboratories, Pg. 16.17, Containment Laboratories: Biosafety Level 3 applies to facilities in which work is done with indigenous or exotic agents that may cause serious or potentially lethal disease as a result of exposure by inhalation.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Biosafety Level 3 (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary National Sanitation Foundation, NSF 49 -2008, Biosafety Cabinetry: Design, Construction, Performance and Field Certification 3 Definitions 3.3.
Biological Laboratories Topic Biosafety Level 4 Requirement(s) Commentary ASHRAE, 2011 Handbook - HVAC Applications, Laboratories, Pg. 16.17, Containment Laboratories: Biosafety Level 4 is required for work with dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high risk of aerosol transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease. U.S. Dept.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Biosafety Level 4 (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) National Sanitation Foundation, NSF 49 -2008, Biosafety Cabinetry: Design, Construction, Performance and Field Certification 3 Definitions 3.3.
Biological Laboratories Topic Ventilation for Biosafety Level 1 Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary ASHRAE, 2011 Handbook - HVAC Applications, Laboratories, Pg. 14.16, Containment Laboratories: Federal guidelines for these laboratories contain no specific HVAC requirements. U.S. Dept.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Ventilation for Biosafety Level 2 Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary ASHRAE, 2011 Handbook - HVAC Applications, Laboratories, Pg. 14.16, Containment Laboratories: Biosafety Level 2 Federal guidelines for these laboratories contain minimum facility guidelines….
Biological Laboratories Topic Ventilation for Biosafety Level 3 Requirement(s) Commentary ASHRAE, 2011 Handbook - HVAC Applications, Laboratories, Pg. 14.16, Containment Laboratories: The ventilation system must be single pass, nonrecirculating and configures to maintain the laboratory at negative pressure relative to surrounding areas. Audible alarms and visual monitoring devices are recommended to notify personnel if the laboratory pressure relationship changes from a negative to a positive condition.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Ventilation for Biosafety Level 3 (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) American Institute of Architects, GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING AND DESIGN OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY FACILITIES 1999 C.11.4 BL-3 b. Containment Requirements: Laboratories require all of the design considerations for BL-2 laboratories plus specific requirements for additional containment of those bio-hazardous materials used in the laboratory.
Biological Laboratories Topic Ventilation for Biosafety Level 4, Cabinet Laboratory Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) ASHRAE, 2011 Handbook - HVAC Applications, Laboratories, Pg. 14.16, Containment Laboratories: Ventilation systems for these areas will have stringent design requirements that must be determined by the biological safety officer. U.S. Dept.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Ventilation for Biosafety Level 4, Suit Laboratory Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) U.S. Dept.
Biological Laboratories Topic Ventilation for Biosafety Level 4, Suit Laboratory Requirement(s) Commentary HEPA filtered exhaust air from a Class II BSC can be safely re-circulated back into the laboratory environment if the cabinet is tested and certified at least annually and operated according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Biological safety cabinets can also be connected to the laboratory exhaust system by either a thimble (canopy) connection or a direct (hard) connection.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Containment Levels Canada Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Public Health Agency of Canada, Office of Laboratory Security, Biosafety rd Division, Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines, 3 Edition 2011: Containment level 1 (CL1) CL1 requires no special design features beyond those suitable for a well-designed and functional laboratory. Biological safety cabinets (BSC’s) are not required.
Biological Laboratories Topic Containment Levels and Ventilation Requirements: Canada Requirement(s) Commentary Public Health Agency of Canada, Office of Laboratory Security, Biosafety rd Division, Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines, 3 Edition 2011: Containment level 1 (CL1) No special ventilation features are required. Containment level 2 (CL2) 1. 100% Outside air is recommended for room ventilation Containment Level 3 (CL3) 1. 100% Outside air for room ventilation 2.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Requirement(s) Containment Levels and Ventilation Requirements: Canada Containment Level 3 (CL3) (Continued) 16. Exhaust air system to be independent of other laboratory areas. CL3 exhaust can be combined with areas of lower containment when provided with a HEPA filter upstream from the connection. (For CL3 laboratories manipulating organisms, such as HIV, that are not infectious via inhalation this criterion is only recommended.) 17.
Biological Laboratories Topic Containment Levels and Ventilation Requirements: Canada (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary Containment Level 4 (CL4) 1. 100% Outside air for room ventilation 2. Directional inward airflow provided such that air will always flow towards areas of higher containment (e.g., ± 25 Pa differential). 3. Visual pressure differential monitoring devices to be provided at entry to containment laboratory. 4.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Term Containment Levels and Ventilation Requirements: Canada Definition 21. 22. Airflow control devices and duct sensors located downstream of the exhaust HEPA filter and upstream of the supply bubble tight backdraft damper or HEPA filter, or if located upstream, duct penetrations to be sealed in accordance with: Bubble tight backdraft dampers and HEPA filters to be located in close proximity to the containment perimeter.
Biological Laboratories Topic Biological Safety Cabinets and Classifications Requirement(s) U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention publication: Biosafety in Microbiology and Biomedical Laboratories, (BMBL) 5th edition 2009: CLASS I The Class I BSC provides personnel and environmental protection, but no product protection. It is similar in terms of air movement to a chemical fume hood, but has a HEPA filter in the exhaust system to protect the environment.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Biological Safety Cabinets and Classifications (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary Some Class I models used for animal cage changing are designed to allow recirculation of air into the room after HEPA filtration and may require more frequent filter replacement due to filter loading and odor from organic materials captured on the filter. This type of Class I BSC should be certified annually for sufficient airflow and filter integrity.
Biological Laboratories Topic Biological Safety Cabinets and Classifications: (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary The Class II, Type A1 BSC: An internal fan draws sufficient room air through the front grille to maintain a minimum calculated or measured average inflow velocity of at least 75 lfm at the face opening of the cabinet. The supply air flows through a HEPA filter and provides particulate-free air to the work surface.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Biological Safety Cabinets and Classifications (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary Room air is drawn through the face opening of the cabinet at a minimum measured inflow velocity of 100 fpm. As with the Type A1 and A2 cabinets, there is a split in the down-flowing air stream just above the work surface.
Biological Laboratories Topic Requirement(s) Biological Safety Cabinets and Classifications The Class II, Type A2 BS.C (Formerly called A/B3): Only when this BSC is ducted to the outdoors does it meet the requirements of the former Class II Type B3.8 The Type A2 cabinet has a minimum calculated or measured inflow velocity of 100 fpm.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Biological Safety Cabinets and Classifications (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary National Sanitation Foundation, NSF 49 -2008, Biosafety Cabinetry: Design, Construction, Performance and Field Certification 3 Definitions 3.4.1 Class I: A ventilated cabinet for personnel and environmental protection, having an unrecirculated inward airflow away from the operator that exhausts all air to the atmosphere after filtration through a HEPA filter.
Biological Laboratories Topic Requirement(s) Biological Safety Cabinets and Classifications 3.4.2.2 Class II, Type A2 cabinets (when exhausted to the environment were formerly designated Type B3): cabinets that: – maintain a minimum average inflow velocity of 100 ft/min (0.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Biological Safety Cabinets and Classifications (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary 3.4.3 Class III: A totally enclosed, ventilated cabinet of leak-tight construction. Operations in the cabinet are conducted through attached rubber gloves. The cabinet is maintained under negative air pressure of at least 0.50 in w.g. (120 Pa). Downflow air is drawn into the cabinet through HEPA filters.
Biological Laboratories Topic Requirement(s) Biological Safety Cabinets and Classifications Class II Type B1 cabinets • Minimum of 100 FPM (0.5m/s) inflow. • HEPA filtered largely uncontaminated recirculated air. • Exhausts most contaminated air to atmosphere through a dedicated duct system. • Has negative pressure duct system or surrounded by a negative pressure duct system. Class II Type B2 cabinets • Minimum of 100 FPM (0.5m/s) inflow. • HEPA filtered non-recirculated, downward airflow.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Biological Safety Cabinets and Classifications (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary • Type B1 40% recirculation within the cabinet; 60% exhaust through a HEPA filter; separate plenum configuration, must be exhausted to the outside • Type B2 100% exhaust through a HEPA filter to the outside • Class III Special applications; 100% exhaust through a HEPA filter to the outside; researcher manipulates material within cabinet through physical barriers (gloves)
Biological Laboratories Term Biological Safety Cabinets and Classifications (Continued) Definition Commentary Class II Cabinets The Class II cabinets provide protection to personnel, product and the environment. The cabinets feature an open front with inward airflow and HEPA-filtered recirculated exhaust air. The Class II Type A1 cabinet has a fixed opening with a minimum inward airflow velocity of 75 fpm. The average downward velocity is established by the manufacturer and is typically 50 to 80 fpm.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Term Biological Safety Cabinets and Classifications (Continued) Biosafety Cabinet Applications Siemens Industry, Inc. Definition Commentary Class II Type B1 and Type B2 cabinets rely on the building exhaust system to pull the air from the cabinet’s workspace and through the exhaust HEPA filters. Because containment in this type of cabinet depends on the building’s exhaust system, the exhaust fan(s) should have redundant backups.
Biological Laboratories Types of Biological Laboratories & Required Type of Biosafety Cabinet – A Summation of Applicable Code & Standards Requirements Laboratory Biosafety Level 1 Biosafety Level 2 Biosafety Level 3 Biosafety Level 4 Classification (BSL-1) (BSL-2) (BSL-3) (BSL-4) Potential Hazard & Risk To Workers and Room Occupants: Class & Type of Biosafety Cabinet Normally Required: Minimum Required Average Face Velocity of Air Entering the Cabinet: Minimum Amount of Room Makeup Air Required: Type of C
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Biosafety Cabinets – Installation and Safe Usage Recommendations Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary National Sanitation Foundation, NSF 49 -2008, Biosafety Cabinetry: Design, Construction, Performance and Field Certification E.1 Location E.1.
Biological Laboratories Topic Biosafety Cabinets – Installation and Safe Usage Recommendations (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary When Type A1 and A2 cabinets are found to be directly attached to the exhaust system and vented to the outside without the use of an exhaust canopy, it is recommended that the exhaust connection be modified to an exhaust canopy. E.2.2 Types B1 and B2 cabinets Type B1 and B2 cabinets are to be vented outside the building without recirculation.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Requirement(s) Commentary E.2.3 Roof exhaust systems Roof exhaust systems serving biosafety cabinets should have a stack that extends straight upward at least 10 ft (3 m) above the roof surface to avoid re-entrainment by the building, and should be increased in elevation when necessary to avoid the influence of surrounding structures. Raincaps or any other structure that deflects the straight upward flow of the discharged air should be avoided.
Biological Laboratories Topic Biosafety Cabinets – Certification and Safe Usage Canada (Continued) Requirement(s) The correct operation of BSCs must be verified before they are used and then annually, and after any repairs or relocation, in accordance with the field tests outlined in CSA Z316.3-95 or annex F of NSF 49. Moving a cabinet can cause damage to the HEPA filter and its seals.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Biological Safety Cabinet Design, Construction and Performance Requirements Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary National Sanitation Foundation, NSF 49 -2008, Biosafety Cabinetry: Design, Construction, Performance and Field Certification 5 Design and construction 5.
Biological Laboratories Topic Biosafety Cabinet Testing Requirement(s) Commentary National Sanitation Foundation, NSF 49 -2008, Biosafety Cabinetry: Design, Construction, Performance and Field Certification 6 Performance Testing: Before any performance tests are run, the cabinet shall be properly installed and leveled and airflows adjusted to the nominal set point (± 3.0 ft/min [± 0.015 m/s]). These tests are intended for the qualification of a new cabinet model by the testing organization.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Biosafety Cabinet Testing (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary California OSHA – Division of Occupational Health & Safety (DOSH) Subchapter 7. General Industry Safety Orders, Group 16. Control of Hazardous Substances, Article 107. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors and Gases 5154.2. Ventilation Requirements for Biological Safety Cabinets (f) Airflow measurements and HEPA filter leak testing.
Biological Laboratories Biosafety Cabinet Testing (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Exception: Average intake velocity can also be measured directly at the work access opening using a calibrated total capture air flow hood to measure the air volume entering the cabinet, and dividing this measurement by the area of the work access opening to determine the average face velocity. (D) A quantitative aerosol challenge test shall be performed on each high-efficiency particulate air filter.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Ventilation Systems Topic Local Ventilation When Required Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary U.S. OSHA, 29 CFR, Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances,1910.1450,C4(c): Ventilated storage cabinets, canopy hoods, snorkels, etc. should be provided as needed. Each canopy hood and snorkel should have a separate exhaust duct.
Ventilation Systems Topic Ventilation Rates for Animal Rooms Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary Institute of Laboratory Animal Research, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Eight Edition, 2011: Page 45: The primary purpose of ventilation is to provide appropriate air quality and a stable environment.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Ventilation Rates for Animal Rooms (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary In some situations, the use of such a broad guideline might overventilate a macroenvironment containing few animals, thereby wasting energy, or underventilate a microenvironment containing many animals, allowing heat, moisture, and pollutants to accumulate. Modern heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems (e.g.
Ventilation Systems Topic Ventilation Rates for Animal Rooms (Continued) Ventilation Rates for Biological Labs Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary In areas that require filtration to ensure personnel and/or animal safety (e.g., hazardous containment holding), filter efficiency, loading, and integrity should be assessed.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Ventilation Rates for Chemical Laboratories Requirement(s) Local Codes Some local jurisdictions may impose other specific ACH requirements for biological laboratories (that is, UBC requires six ACH) ASHRAE, 2011 Handbook - HVAC Applications, Laboratories, Pg. 7.6, Health Care Facilities: Radiology 6 ACH with 2 ACH from Outside Air Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Pathology, Serology, etc.
Ventilation Systems Topic Room Supply Air Requirement(s) Commentary U.S. OSHA, 29 CFR, Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, Title: Toxic and Hazardous Substances,1910.1450,C3,C4: 3. Usage - The work conducted and its scale must be appropriate to the physical facilities available and, especially, to the quality of ventilation. 4. Ventilation - (a) General laboratory ventilation.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Requirement(s) Room Supply Air ASHRAE, 2011 Handbook - HVAC Applications, Laboratories, Pg. 16.8 LABORATORY VENTILATION: The maximum ventilation rates for the laboratories should be reviewed to ensure that appropriate supply air delivery methods are chosen so supply airflows do not impede the performance of exhaust devices. American Institute of Architects, GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING AND DESIGN OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY FACILITIES 1999 C.7.
Ventilation Systems Topic Supply Air Quality and Filtration Requirement(s) Commentary U.S. OSHA, 29 CFR, Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances,1910.1450,C1,D3: The laboratory facility should have (a) An appropriate general ventilation system with air intakes and exhausts located so as to avoid intake of contaminated air.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Supply Air Quality and Filtration (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) C.7.5.g. The use of exposed fiberglass or any fibrous material that allows fibers to break off into the airstream for interior duct lining or insulation is usually not allowed for ductwork and air-handling units. Sound attenuators with suitable linings or other approved means of noise control shall be used where required.
Ventilation Systems Topic Room and Duct Pressurization Requirement(s) Commentary U.S. OSHA, 29 CFR, Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances,1910.1450,C4: 4. Ventilation - direct air flow into the laboratory from non-laboratory areas and out to the exterior of the building. National Fire Protection Association, Standard NFPA 45,2011 8.3.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Requirement(s) Commentary Room and Duct Pressurization American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation, ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 5.1.1 As a general rule, airflow shall be from areas of low hazard to higher hazard unless the laboratory is used as a Clean Room (such as Class 10,000 or better), or an isolation or sterile laboratory, or other special-type laboratories.
Ventilation Systems Topic Room and Duct Pressurization (Continued) Human Occupancy, Room Temperature and Humidity Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) ASHRAE, 2011 Handbook - HVAC Applications, Laboratories, Pg. 16.12 Room Pressure Control: Because maintaining an airtight seal is rarely practical, the air pressure in the laboratory must be maintained slightly negative with respect to adjoining areas.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Animal Rooms Room Temperature and Humidity Requirement(s) Commentary Institute of Laboratory Animal Research, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Eight Edition, 2011: Page 43: The ambient temperature range in which thermoregulation occurs without the need to increase metabolic heat production or activate evaporative heat loss mechanisms is called the thermoneutral zone (TNZ) and is boun
Ventilation Systems Topic Animal Rooms Room Temperature and Humidity (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary Some species may require conditions with high relative humidity (e.g., selected species of nonhuman primates, tropical reptiles, and amphibians. In mice, both abnormally high and low humidity may increase preweaning mortality.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Load Calculations Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary American Institute of Architects, GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING AND DESIGN OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY FACILITIES 1999 C.7.10.a Complete design load calculations and a moisture control study shall be prepared for each space within a design program and presented in similar format to that outlined in the latest ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.
Ventilation Systems Topic Room Sound Level and Vibration Requirement(s) Commentary American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 5.1.3 Generation of excessive noise shall be avoided in laboratory ventilation systems. Fan location and noise treatment shall provide for sound pressure level (SPL) in conformance with local ambient criteria. The acoustic character of the ventilation system should help create a pleasant working environment.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Requirement(s) Room Sound Level and Vibration Institute of Laboratory Animal Research, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Eight Edition, 2011: Page 49: Noise produced by animals and animal care activities is inherent in the operation of an animal facility and noise control should be considered in facility design and operation.
Ventilation Systems Topic Room Sound Level and Vibration (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary Vibration may arise from mechanical equipment, electrical switches, and other building components, or from remote sources (via groundborne transmission). Regarding the latter, special consideration should be given to the building structure type especially if the animal facility will be located over, under, or adjacent to subways, trains, or automobile and truck traffic.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Emergency Control Provisions Requirement(s) U.S. OSHA, 29 CFR, Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances,1910.1450,A4,D9&10: (a) A written emergency plan should be established and communicated to all personnel; it should include procedures for ventilation failure, evacuation, medical care, reporting, and drills.
Ventilation Systems Topic Emergency Control Provisions (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Energy Conservation Requirement(s) Commentary Institute of Laboratory Animal Research, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Eight Edition, 2011: Page 46: Modern heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems (e.g., variable air volume, or VAV, systems) allow ventilation rates to be set in accordance with heat load and other variables.
Ventilation Systems Topic Energy Conservation (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary A.8.4.2 Consideration should be made of the potential contamination of the fresh air supply by exhaust air containing vapors of flammable or toxic chemicals when using devices for energy conservation purposes. 8.4.2.1 Devices that could result in recirculation of exhaust air or exhausted contaminants shall not be used unless designed in accordance with Section 4:10:1, “Nonlaboratory Air,” and Section 4:10.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Requirement(s) Energy Conservation ASHRAE, 2011 Handbook - HVAC Applications, Laboratories, Pg. 16.18 – 16.19 ENERGY Efforts to reduce energy use must not compromise standards established by safety officers. Energy reduction systems must maintain required environmental conditions during both occupied and unoccupied modes. Energy can be used more efficiently in laboratories by reducing exhaust air requirements.
Ventilation Systems Topic Monitoring Requirement(s) Commentary U.S. OSHA, 29 CFR, Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances,1910.1450,C4(h) & D3: A centralized monitoring system provides the best assurance that a systematic monitoring plan is carried out. Automatic recording of key operational parameters such as laboratory room supply and exhaust airflows, face velocities, etc. can help ensure that complete records are maintained. Evaluation.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Monitoring (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary Institute of Laboratory Animal Research, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Eight Edition, 2011: Page 47: The successful operation of any HVAC system requires regular maintenance and evaluation, including measurement of its function at the level of the secondary enclosure.
Ventilation Systems Topic Maintenance Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary American Institute of Architects, GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING AND DESIGN OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY FACILITIES 1999 C.7.5 Air Quality Adequate access shall be provided for periodic maintenance and cleaning of coils, humidifiers and drain pans. Drain pans shall be designed and installed for proper and immediate drainage of condensed water.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Periodic Inspection and Testing Requirement(s) Commentary U.S. OSHA, 29 CFR, Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances,1910.1450,C4(h): Quality and quantity of ventilation should be evaluated on installation, regularly monitored (at least every 3 months) and reevaluated whenever a change in local ventilation devices is made. U.S. Dept.
Ventilation Systems Topic Requirement(s) Periodic Inspection and Testing 8.13.1 When installed or modified and at least annually thereafter, chemical fume hoods, chemical fume hood exhaust systems and laboratory special exhaust systems shall be inspected and tested as applicable, as follows: (1) Visual inspection of the physical condition of the hood interior, sash and ductwork...
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Periodic Inspection and Testing Canada Requirement(s) Public Health Agency of Canada, Office of Laboratory Security, Biosafety Division, rd Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines, 3 Edition 2011: 5.1.3 Recertification Recertification of certain containment components should also be performed, the nature and frequency of which depend on a variety of factors.
Ventilation Systems Topic Periodic Inspection and Testing - Canada (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary • Containment Level 4 Additional Room Integrity Testing: Integrity of containment to be tested by pressure decay testing. Acceptance criteria: two consecutive tests with a minimum of 250 Pa (1 in. w.g.) loss of pressure from an initial 500 Pa (2 in. w.g.) over a 20 minute period.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Periodic Inspection and Testing Canada (Continued) Requirement(s) • • • Commentary with the room under continuous pressure, apply bubble solution to areas to be tested (joints, corners, sealed penetrations, etc.) or, by using audible leak location method, locate audible leaks (electronic sound detection equipment option); identify places where bubbles are found; after repair of leak, retest as required. 5.
Ventilation Systems Topic Periodic Inspection and Testing Canada (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary 6. Integrity of HEPA filter housings with inlet and outlet bubble tight dampers installed into supply ductwork, where HEPA filters are used as backdraft protection, and exhaust ductwork to be tested in situ by pressure decay testing in accordance with ASME N510(2).Acceptance criteria: rate of air leakage not to exceed 0.1% of housing vol/min at 1000 Pa (4 in. w.g.) minimum test pressure.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Periodic Inspection and Testing Canada (Continued) Requirement(s) • Commentary Air Handling Systems - Containment Level 4 (CL4) Testing Requirements: 1. Classes I and II BSCs to be tested in situ in accordance with NSF/ANSI 492002(3) or CSA Z316.3-95 (4). 2. Class III BSCs to be tested in situ in accordance with the Laboratory Safety Monograph, NIH 1979(5) and BS EN 12469-2000(6). 3.
Ventilation Systems Topic Periodic Inspection and Testing Canada Requirement(s) 9. 10. (Continued) 11. 12. 13. 14. Commentary Supply and exhaust air ductwork between containment perimeter and HEPA filter or bubble tight backdraft damper to be tested in situ by pressure decay method in accordance with ASME N510(2). Acceptance criteria: rate of air leakage not to exceed 0.1% duct vol/min at 1000 Pa (4 in. w.g.) minimum test pressure.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Periodic Inspection and Testing Canada (Continued) Requirement(s) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Siemens Industry, Inc. Commentary Footnotes for Containment Level 4 (CL4) Testing Requirements listed on previous pages: ARS facilities design standards. 242.1M-ARS. Facilities Division, Facilities Engineering Branch AFM/ARS, United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. Testing of nuclear air treatment systems. ASME N510.
Ventilation Systems Topic Test Records Management Requirement(s) Commentary California OSHA – Division of Occupational Health & Safety (DOSH) Subchapter 7. General Industry Safety Orders, Group 16. Control of Hazardous Substances, Article 107. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors and Gases 5143.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Exhaust Systems Topic Configuration Requirement(s) Commentary California OSHA – Division of Occupational Health & Safety (DOSH) Subchapter 7. General Industry Safety Orders, Group 16. Control of Hazardous Substances, Article 107. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors and Gases 5143.
Exhaust Systems Topic Configuration (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary Longitudinal sections of a duct shall be a continuous seamless tube or of a continuously welded formed sheet. Longitudinal seams that are formed mechanically shall be utilized only for light duty systems with no condensation or accretion inside the duct. Spiral ducts may be one gauge lighter than the required gauge of longitudinal seam duct, except the spiral duct gauge shall always meet the abrasive wear resistance requirements.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Configuration (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary C.14.4 Hazardous Waste Storage and Handling h. A separate ventilation system shall be installed for the storage room. Exhaust shall be directed away from the building and the buildings’ air intakes. This ventilation system shall be connected to the building’s standby power system and contain appropriate filtration and monitoring devices.
Exhaust Systems Topic Leakage Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary ASHRAE, 2011 Handbook, HVAC Applications, Laboratories, Pg. 16.10 DUCTWORK LEAKAGE: Ductwork should have low leakage rates and should be tested to confirm that the specified leakage rates have been attained. Designs that minimize the amount of positive-pressure ductwork are desirable. All positive pressure ductwork should be of the highest possible integrity.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Components Requirement(s) Commentary California OSHA – Division of Occupational Health & Safety (DOSH) Subchapter 7. General Industry Safety Orders, Group 16. Control of Hazardous Substances, Article 107. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors and Gases 5143.
Exhaust Systems Topic Components (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 5.3.3 Each fan applied to serve a laboratory exhaust system or to exhaust an individual piece of laboratory equipment (e.g., a laboratory chemical hood, biosafety cabinet, chemical storage, etc.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Manifolded Systems Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 5.3.2.2 Laboratory chemical hoods may be combined into a common manifold with the following exceptions and limitations: • Each control branch shall have a flow-regulating device to buffer the fluctuations in pressure inherent in manifolds.
Exhaust Systems Topic Air Velocity Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary National Fire Protection Association, Standard NFPA 45, 2011 8-6 Duct Velocities. Duct velocities of laboratory exhaust systems shall be high enough to minimize the deposition of liquids or condensable solids in the exhaust systems during normal operations in the chemical fume hood. American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 5.3.5 A minimum discharge velocity of 3000 fpm (15.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Stack Height and Discharge Location Requirement(s) Commentary California OSHA – Division of Occupational Health & Safety (DOSH) Subchapter 7. General Industry Safety Orders, Group 16. Control of Hazardous Substances, Article 107. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors and Gases 5154.1.
Exhaust Systems Topic Stack Height and Discharge Location (Continued) Requirement(s) Commentary National Fire Protection Association, Standard NFPA 45, 2011 8.4.12 Air exhausted from chemical fume hoods and special exhaust systems shall be discharged above the roof at a location, height, and velocity sufficient to prevent re-entry of chemicals and to prevent exposures to personnel. A.8.4.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Stack Height and Discharge Location (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) American Institute of Architects, GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING AND DESIGN OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY FACILITIES 1999 C.7.5 c. Prevailing winds, adjacent buildings, and discharge velocities must be taken into account so that discharge is not entrained within an outdoor air intake. C.7.5 d.
Exhaust Systems Topic Operational Reliability Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary National Sanitation Foundation, NSF 49 -2008, Biosafety Cabinetry: Design, Construction, Performance and Field Certification 2.3 Roof Exhaust Systems It is recommended that roof exhaust fans be energized by direct-connected electric motors to avoid failures caused by slipping and breaking of belts.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Recirculated Air and Cross Contamination Requirement(s) National Fire Protection Association, Standard NFPA 45, 2011 8.3.1 Laboratory ventilation systems shall be designed to ensure that chemical fumes, vapors or gasses originating from the laboratory shall not be recirculated. 8.3.
Exhaust Systems Topic Requirement(s) Recirculated Air and Cross Contamination American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 5.3.4 The discharge of potentially contaminated air that contains a concentration more than the allowable breathing air concentration shall be: • Direct to the atmosphere unless the air is treated to the degree necessary for recirculation (See Section 9.3); 5.3.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Requirement(s) Recirculated Air and Cross Contamination Institute of Laboratory Animal Research, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Eight Edition, 2011: Page 46: The use of recycled air to ventilate animal rooms saves considerable amounts of energy but might entail some risk.
Exhaust Systems Topic Materials and Fire Protection Requirement(s) Commentary National Fire Protection Association, Standard NFPA 45, 2011 A.8.1 NFPA 90A, Standard for the installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems, and NFPA 91, Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases, Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate Solids, contain additional requirements for general environmental ventilating systems. 8.2.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Materials and Fire Protection (Continued) Requirement(s) 8.5.5 Ducts shall be of adequate strength and rigidity to meet the conditions of service and installation requirements and shall be protected against mechanical damage. 8.5.6 Materials used for vibration insulation connectors shall comply with 8.5.2. 8.5.
Exhaust Systems Topic Materials and Fire Protection (Continued) Requirement(s) 8.10.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Requirement(s) Materials and Fire Protection American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 5.3 Exhaust system materials shall be in accordance with Chapter 5 of ACGIH’s Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice, Chapter 34 on Duct Design of the ASHRAE 2001 Handbook – Fundamentals, and Chapter 6-5 of NFPA 45-2011. Exhaust system materials shall be resistant to corrosion by the agents to which they are exposed.
Exhaust Systems Topic Commissioning Requirement(s) California OSHA – Division of Occupational Health & Safety (DOSH) Subchapter 7. General Industry Safety Orders, Group 16. Control of Hazardous Substances, Article 107. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors and Gases 5154.1. Ventilation Requirements for Laboratory-Type Hood Operations: The ability of the hood to maintain an inward flow as required by (c) above shall be demonstrated using smoke tubes or other suitable qualitative methods upon initial installation.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Requirement(s) Commissioning 6.2.3 Preliminary and final commissioning documents shall be issued to the appropriate party(s) by the commissioning authority. These documents shall include: • Design Flow Specifications; • Laboratory and System Drawings for Final System Design; • Copy of the Test and Balance Report; • Commissioning Test Data; • List of Ventilation System Deficiencies uncovered and the details of how (and if) they were satisfactorily resolved.
Exhaust Systems Topic Commissioning (Continued) Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary For HVAC system commissioning, the following should be verified and documented: • Manufacturer’s requirements for airflow for biological safety cabinets and laminar flow clean benches have been met. • Exhaust system configuration, damper locations, and performance characteristics, including any required emission equipment, are correct. • Control system operates as specified.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Topic Commissioning - Canada Siemens Industry, Inc. Requirement(s) Commentary Public Health Agency of Canada, Office of Laboratory Security, Biosafety rd Division, Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines, 3 Edition 2011: 5.1 Introduction For the purposes of this document, "commissioning" is defined as the verification of the physical construction and performance of critical containment components and is one part of the overall certification process.
Referenced Publications Referenced Publications The following publications are referenced in the preceding tables and are recommended sources of additional information associated with the proper design, use and testing of laboratory ventilation systems, HVAC systems and control systems NOTE: • You are strongly advised to procure a copy of each of the following referenced documents to ensure having the complete, current text on the subject matter.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards • Fire Protection For Laboratories Using Chemicals, NFPA 45, 2011 • Standard For Smoke Control Systems, NFPA 92, 2012 Obtain from: National Fire Protection Association Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA, 02269-9904 (800) 344-3555 http://www.nfpa.org/ • California OSHA – Division of Occupational Health & Safety (DOSH) Subchapter 7. General Industry Safety Orders Group 16. Control of Hazardous Substances Article 107. Dusts, Fumes, Mists, Vapors and Gases http://www.
Referenced Publications • Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines, 2004 Obtain from: Public Health Agency of Canada Office of Laboratory Security Biosafety Division 100 Colonnade Road Loc: 6201A Ottawa, ON Canada K1A 0K9 Tel: (613) 957-1779 Fax: (613) 941-0596 http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/lbg-ldmbl-04/index.html • Biosafety in Microbiology and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL 5th Edition) HHS Publication No.
Laboratory Ventilation Codes and Standards Siemens Industry, Inc.
