Basic Documentation
Table Of Contents
- This is supplemental language for a spec. This is not an all inclusive spec. This is language that is meant to be copied and pasted into an existing spec.
- PART 1 - GENERAL
- PART 2 - PRODUCTS
- 2.1 AUTOMATIC CONTROL VALVES
- A. General:
- 1. All control valves shall be sized by the control vendor. All control valve bodies shall be suitable for the static and dynamic pressures of the system. Control valve operators shall be sized to close against a differential pressure equal to the d...
- 2. Body pressure rating and connection type construction shall conform to fitting and valve schedules. The valve seat differential pressure rating shall exceed the design pump head pressure.
- 3. Valves serving heat exchange coils and heat exchangers shall have equal percentage flow characteristics.
- 4. Closed system temperature or pressure bypass valves shall have equal percentage or linear control characteristics.
- 5. Open system temperature bypass valves (cooling towers) shall have linear control characteristics.
- 6. Steam valves shall have linear flow control characteristics.
- 7. Unless otherwise specified, control valves 2 inches and smaller shall have cast iron or bronze bodies with screwed NPT connections.
- 8. Valves between 2-1/2 inch and 6 inch shall have cast iron or bronze bodies with flanged connections.
- 9. Do not use pneumatic actuation where valves are exposed to outdoor elements or condensing atmospheres. All automatic control valves exposed to below freezing or condensing ambient shall be provided with electric actuators.
- 10. All automatic control valves controlled by the BAS shall be furnished by the controls contractor unless otherwise noted in these documents.
- 11. All automatic control valves shall be installed by the mechanical trade.
- 12. The controls contractor shall provide wiring as follows:
- a. All line voltage power for electric valve actuators shall be wired by the controls contractor from the nearest available power panel. Coordinate with electrical trade.
- b. All low voltage wiring between the controller and the valve actuator shall be wired by the controls contractor.
- c. All wiring between safeties and the valve actuator shall be wired by the controls contractor.
- d. All wiring shall comply with code requirements. Segregate high and low voltage wiring and circuits and segregate the Fire Alarm (FACS) and BAS controls wiring.
- B. Globe Valves for Hot Water and Chilled Water Coils
- 1. Single-seated.
- 2. Fully proportioning with modulating cage trim or V-port inner valves.
- 3. Flow characteristics shall be modified equal percentage at approximately 30% change per increment.
- 4. Rangeability shall be 100:1 or greater.
- 5. Body pressure rating and connection type construction shall conform to fitting and valve schedules. The ANSI rating of the valve shall match or exceed the ANSI rating of the piping in which the valve is installed.
- 6. 2” and under valves shall have a body pressure rating of ANSI class 250 or better.
- Provide Female NPT connections unless other fittings are called for in the piping drawings.
- 7. Valves 2-1/2” and larger valves shall have a body pressure rating of ANSI class 125 or 250 or better and connection type construction shall conform to pipe, fitting and valve schedules for valves 2-1/2 inches or larger.
- 8. Minimum ANSI rating shall be ANSI 125.
- 9. Stainless steel stems and trim.
- 10. Spring loaded Teflon packing
- 11. Quiet in operation.
- 12. Fail-safe in either normally open or normally closed position in the event of power failure.
- 13. Capable of operating in sequence with other valves and/or dampers when required by the sequence of operation.
- 14. Capable of operating at varying rates of speed to correspond to the exact dictates of the controller and variable load requirements.
- 15. Provide direct mount actuators specifically made for this valve. External valve linkages and damper actuators are more susceptible to binding and breaking and shall not be allowed.
- 16. Sizing (non Pressure Independent):
- a. The valve shall be sized to have control authority over the coil branch circuit. Valve authority shall be between 0.25 and 0.5 as defined by pressure drop at valve full open divided by pressure drop of full circuit at design flow with valve full o...
- b. Select the control valve using the Cv of the control valve to be as close to or one size higher than the Cv of the rest of the circuit. The Cv of the rest of the circuit defined by the design flow of the coil (gpm) divided by the square root of t...
- 17. Water valves shall fail normally open or closed, as scheduled on plans, or as required by sequences of operation.
- C. Ball Valves – Characterized for Coil Control
- 1. Valves shall have Threaded NPT Connections for line sizes ½” to 2”
- 2. Controlled Media Specific Items
- a. The control valve shall be suitable for chilled water to a minimum of 35 F (2 C) and hot water to a maximum temperature of 250 F (121 C). 3-way 1-1/2 inch and 2 inch valves shall be suitable for chilled water to a minimum of 35 F (2 C) and hot wat...
- b. The control valve shall be suitable for up to 50% ethylene or propylene glycol solutions, chilled glycol/water solutions to a minimum of 35 F (2 C) and hot glycol/water solutions to a maximum temperature of 250 F (121 C). 3-way 1-1/2 inch and 2 in...
- 3. General Construction Materials/Applicable Standards
- a. Control valve bodies shall be constructed of forged brass according to ASTM B283 (C37700, CuZn39Pb2 or equivalent), and shall meet requirements of ANSI 250 and 600WOG pressure classes.
- b. Inlets and outlets shall be clearly marked on the valve bodies.
- c. Valve ball shall consist of nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or stainless steel.
- d. End connections shall be NPT internally threaded according to ANSI B1.20.1.
- e. The control valve flow rate (Cv) shall meet the requirements of ANSI/ISA S75.02.
- f. The control valve shall have an equal percentage flow characteristic, according to ANSI/ISA S75.11. A single glass filled PTFE V port insert shall provide both the ball seal and shall establish the flow coefficient of the valve. The V port insert s...
- g. 2-way valves and the A-AB path on 3-way valves shall meet the requirements of ANSI Class IV (0.01% of rated Cv) seat leakage, or better, according to ANSI/FCI 70.2, at the specified close-off pressure. Bypass path (B-AB) on 3-way valves shall meet...
- h. Chilled and Hot water valve shall have a blow-out proof stem with two EPDM (peroxide cured) O-rings. External stem retainers will not be allowed.
- i. Valve stem shall be made of brass or stainless steel.
- j. Valve shall have the ability to be manually operated in the event of a power failure.
- D. Pressure Independent Control Valves (PICV)
- 1. Manufacturer
- 2. Where to use PICVs
- a. Provide PICVs where called for in the specifications, sequences of operations, or on the drawings.
- b. If it is not stated elsewhere, PICV valves should be provided to meet the following guidelines:
- 1) Provide in direct return, constant speed pumping systems.
- 2) Provide in direct return, variable flow water systems where with the system at full flow the pressure differential between the supply connection and the return connection is more than double the pressure drop of the circuit or loop at design flow (...
- 3) Provide in reverse return, constant speed pumping systems where the circuits and loop pressure drops differ by more than 50%.
- 4) Provide in reverse return, variable speed pumping systems where the differential pressure between the systems will vary more than the pressure drop of the circuit or loop.
- 5) Provide in systems that have direct return headers and reverse return branch lines where with the system at full flow the pressure differential between the supply connection and the return connection is more than double the pressure drop of the bra...
- 3. Piping for circuits with PICVs
- a. Systems installed with PICVs shall not require balancing valves.
- b. Calibrated balancing valves shall not be required in branches or loops where PICV are installed.
- c. Automatic flow control valves are strictly prohibited in branches or loops where PICVs are installed.
- d. Circuit setters may be required for coils with multiple sections. Follow the piping details.
- e. Install pressure ports on either side of the coil for the balancer to test the flow across the coil at different system flows.
- 4. Sizing Criteria (Pressure Independent):
- a. Two-way modulating service:
- 1) Determine the design GPM of the actual coil that is selected be used (may be different than the coil and GPM on the design coil schedule).
- 2) Select the PICV valve with a GPM rating higher than the GPM required.
- 3) If more than one valve fits the GPM rating, then pick the valve that matches or is closest to the line size of the circuit piping.
- 4) If the maximum GPM of the valve exceeds the design GPM required, then adjust the Flow Limiter setting on the valve to the GPM required plus 10%.
- 5) Traditional flow coefficient and pressure drop sizing is not applicable to PICV valves.
- a. Two-way modulating service:
- 5. Flanged Valves, line size 2 ½” and larger
- a. Controlled Media Specific Items
- 1) The control valve shall be suitable for chilled water to a minimum of 34 F (1 C) and hot water to a maximum temperature of 248 F (120 C).
- 2) The control valve shall be suitable for up to 50% ethylene or propylene glycol solutions, chilled glycol/water solutions to a minimum of 34 F (1 C) and hot glycol/water solutions to a maximum temperature of 248 F (120 C).
- b. General Construction Materials/Applicable
- 1) Control valve bodies shall be constructed of cast iron and shall meet requirements of ANSI 125 or ANSI 250 pressure classes.
- 2) Inlets and outlets shall be clearly marked on the valve bodies.
- 3) Valves shall be constructed with a single chamber and multiple seats to provide flow limiting, pressure compensation and flow control.
- 4) Valves shall contain a mechanical, spring-loaded pressure independent regulator to maintain a consistent differential pressure across the control port of the valve.
- 5) Valves shall contain an actuated flow control portion that responds to the modulating signal from the controller. This control valve portion shall have a linear flow characteristic.
- 6) Valves shall contain a field adjustable flow limiter. The flow limiter shall be easily adjustable in the field without the use of special tools. The adjustment dial shall be set for and indicate maximum flow. It shall be possible to manually lim...
- a) A table shall be attached to each valve indicating GPM corresponding to each setting on the dial.
- b) No mechanical devices besides the valve and actuator shall be permitted to adjust the maximum flow setting. Flow limiting port shall be integrated into the valve body.
- c) The valve shall always maintain full nominal stroke regardless of the maximum flow setting of the flow limiter.
- d) The flow limiter shall be lockable and tamper resistant when the actuator is installed correctly.
- 7) At any given actuator setting the flow accuracy across the entire pressure independent operating range of the automatic differential pressure regulator shall be ±10% or less.
- 8) Pressure ports shall be standard in the body of the valve for all flanged valves. Pressure ports shall provide a means for a balancer to test the differential pressure across the valve control port to ensure the PICV is operating within the pressu...
- 9) Valves 2-1/2 inch and larger shall be provided with ANSI 125 or ANSI 250 flanged connections.
- 10) Valves 2-1/2 inch and larger line size shall meet or exceed ANSI Class IV (0 to 0.01% of nominal maximum) leakage rating at 100 psi close off.
- 11) The differential pressure range for effective pressure independent operation shall be 3.6 – 90 psi or 8 – 90 psi for 2-½ and 3 inch flanged valves depending on the maximum gpm flow range of the valve.
- 12) Valve materials shall meet or exceed the following:
- a. Controlled Media Specific Items
- 6. Threaded Valves, line size ½” to 2”
- a. Controlled Media Specific Items
- 1) The control valve shall be suitable for chilled water to a minimum of 35 F (2 C) and hot water to a maximum temperature of 250 F (121 C).
- 2) The control valve shall be suitable for up to 50% ethylene or propylene glycol solutions, chilled glycol/water solutions to a minimum of 35 F (2 C) and hot glycol/water solutions to a maximum temperature of 250 F (121 C).
- b. General Construction Materials/Applicable Standards
- 1) Control valve bodies shall be constructed of forged DZR brass and shall meet requirements of ANSI 250 pressure class.
- 2) Inlets and outlets shall be clearly marked on the valve bodies.
- 3) Valves shall be constructed with a single chamber and multiple seats to provide flow limiting, pressure compensation and flow control.
- 4) Valves shall contain a mechanical, spring-loaded pressure independent regulator to maintain a consistent differential pressure across the control port of the valve.
- 5) Valves shall contain an actuated flow control portion that responds to the modulating signal from the controller. This control valve portion shall have a linear flow characteristic.
- 6) Valves shall contain a field adjustable flow limiter. The flow limiter shall be easily adjustable in the field without the use of special tools. The adjustment dial shall be set for and indicate maximum flow. It shall be possible to manually lim...
- a) The dial shall show settings in GPM.
- b) No mechanical devices besides the valve and actuator shall be permitted to adjust the maximum flow setting. Flow limiting port shall be integrated into the valve body.
- c) The valve shall always maintain full nominal stroke regardless of the maximum flow setting of the flow limiter.
- d) The flow limiter shall be lockable and tamper resistant when the actuator is installed correctly.
- 7) At any given actuator setting the flow accuracy across the entire pressure independent operating range of the automatic differential pressure regulator shall be ±10% or less.
- 8) Pressure ports shall be an optional accessory that can be added to threaded valves. Pressure ports shall provide a means for a balancer to test the differential pressure across the valve control port to ensure the PICV is operating within the pres...
- 9) Valves 2 inch and smaller shall be provided female NPT piping connections.
- 10) Close-off and leakage
- a) Normally open valves ¾ inch and smaller line size shall meet or exceed ANSI Class IV (0 to 0.01% of nominal maximum) leakage rating at 200 psi close off.
- b) Normally closed valves 1-1/4 inch and smaller line size shall meet or exceed ANSI Class IV (0 to 0.01% of nominal maximum) leakage rating at 45 psi close off.
- c) Valves 1-1/2 and 2 inch line sizes shall meet or exceed ANSI Class III (0 to 0.1% of nominal maximum) leakage rating at 50 psi close off.
- 11) Differential pressure ranges:
- a) The start-up differential pressure of the automatic differential pressure regulator shall be between 2.3 and 4.6 psi, depending on valve size and flow rate for ½ to 2 inch valves.
- b) The maximum operating differential pressure of the automatic differential pressure regulator shall be 58 psi for ½ to 2 inch valves.
- c) In no instance shall the minimum effective pressure differential for effective pressure independent operation exceed 4.6 psi for valves less than or equal to 2 inch line size.
- 12) Valve materials shall meet or exceed the following:
- a. Controlled Media Specific Items
- E. Differential Pressure Control Valves :
- 1. Provide for constant speed pumping and modulating water flow systems to prevent excessive pump pressure build-up. Provide a valve for each closed loop water system. Valve shall be globe type.
- 2. Provide valves 2" and smaller with screwed end bodies and provide valves 2-1/2" and larger with flanged ends.
- 3. Sizing:
- a. Differential pressure service for Constant Volume systems: Cv shall be calculated using 70% of design flow and 50% of pump head.
- b. Differential pressure service for Variable Volume systems: Cv shall be calculated using minimum flow requirement of equipment plus 10% and pump head at the minimum allowable pump speed.
- F. Butterfly Valves
- 1. Furnish automatic butterfly valves for isolation requirements as shown on the drawings or required herein.
- 2. Butterfly valves shall have body ratings in accordance with the piping specifications.
- 3. Valves that are in high static locations or where flanges are ANSI300 per the piping design shall be high performance, fully lugged with carbon steel body ANSI 300 as required by pipe specifications.
- 4. Valves that are in locations where ANSI150 flanges are allowed shall be ANSI 150 valves.
- 5. Valves shall be bubble tight with 316 stainless steel disc, stainless steel shaft and reinforced Teflon seat.
- 6. Actuators shall be fail in place with factory mounted open and closed position limit switches mounted.
- 7. Provide fail in place, electric actuators with waterproof enclosure and crankcase heater for actuator and accessories mounted outside.
- 8. Provide manual override hand wheels for each valve.
- 9. Butterfly valves will only be approved for cooling tower bypass and all two-position (open or close) applications.
- 10. Valves must have full lug type body connections.
- G. Steam Valves:
- 1. Steam control valves shall be of linear flow characteristics for modulating service.
- 2. Sizing Criteria:
- 3. Steam valves shall fail normally open or closed, as scheduled on plans, or as follows:
- 4. Low leakage rate (ANSI Class IV)
- 5. Direct mount actuators
- a. Actuators shall be designed to connect directly to the valve stem without the use of a linkage or gear box. Linkages or gear boxes are not acceptable.
- b. Brushless motors, microprocessor controlled, for longer life. Brushed motors not allowed because of wear and erosion.
- c. Reinforced nylon gears occluding with steel or die cast aluminum gears on metal pinion.
- d. Electronic overload or stall protection in both directions.
- e. Adjustable mechanical range of rotation shall be adjustable between 90deg and 45deg. The control signal shall self-adapt such that the 0-10Vdc control signal is scaled within the adjusted mechanical range.
- f. Nema 1 enclosure.
- g. Approvals: UL873, UL60730
- h. Compliant with RoHS (Restriction of the use of Certain Hazardous Substances compliant - cadmium, lead, and mercury free.)
- H. ELECTRONIC VALVE ACTUATORS
- 1. Actuator shall be electric motor driving, microprocessor signal controlled.
- 2. Modulating valves shall be positive positioning, responding to a 0-10VDC, 2-10VDC or 4-20mA signal. Floating modulating signals are acceptable for modulation on terminal units and radiation units. There shall be a visual valve position indicator.
- 3. Power: All actuators shall be 24VAC power and less than 100VA draw. Power shall be via Class 2 wiring. Actuators requiring more than 100VA shall have a dedicated conduit for power wiring, not mixed with the signal wiring.
- 4. Fail Safe: Valves actuators shall position the valve in a fail-safe position when the power supply is disrupted or the signal goes to 0. Fail-safe according to the following guidelines unless otherwise stated in the sequence of operations
- a. Power fail safe shall be via spring loaded mechanical means
- b. Any AHU hot water exposed to ventilation air shall fail open
- c. AHU Chilled water coils exposed to ventilation air in possible freezing conditions shall be fail open
- d. AHU Chilled water coils that are drained in winter months or are in climate zones without freezing conditions shall be fail-in-place
- e. Terminal unit valves shall fail-in-place
- f. Chiller isolation valves shall fail-in-place
- g. Boiler isolation valves shall fail-in-place
- h. Any steam supply serving a water heat exchanger shall fail closed
- i. Any steam supply to a terminal unit coil or a coil without ventilation air shall fail closed.
- j. Any steam coil exposed to ventilation air shall fail open
- 5. Fail in Safe valves on primary equipment such as chilled water systems, hot water systems and condenser water systems shall have a means to manually open the valve when power is not available, such as a hand wheel or a geared crank with a clutch.
- 6. The actuator shall be designed with a current limiting motor protection. A release button (clutch) or handle on the actuator shall be provided to allow for manual override (except when actuator is spring return type).
- 7. Actuator shall provide minimum torque required for proper valve close-off. The close-off differential pressure rating of the valve shall exceed the highest possible head pressure available at the pump plus 10%, and still be rated for a Class IV le...
- 8. The actuator shall have the capability of adding auxiliary switches or feedback potentiometer if specified.
- 9. All automatic control valves installed in locations exposed to the elements shall be provided with weather resistant housings and heaters for climates that reach below freezing.
- 10. Actuators shall be UL and CSA listed.
- A. General:
- 2.1 AUTOMATIC CONTROL VALVES
Project Name 230900 - 7 BAS AND CONTROL FOR HVAC
Date
2. Provide valves 2" and smaller with screwed end bodies and provide valves 2-1/2" and
larger with flanged ends.
3. Sizing:
a. Differential pressure service for Constant Volume systems: Cv shall be calculated
using 70% of design flow and 50% of pump head.
b. Differential pressure service for Variable Volume systems: Cv shall be calculated
using minimum flow requirement of equipment plus 10% and pump head at the
minimum allowable pump speed.
F. Butterfly Valves
1. Furnish automatic butterfly valves for isolation requirements as shown on the drawings or
required herein.
2. Butterfly valves shall have body ratings in accordance with the piping specifications.
3. Valves that are in high static locations or where flanges are ANSI300 per the piping
design shall be high performance, fully lugged with carbon steel body ANSI 300 as
required by pipe specifications.
4. Valves that are in locations where ANSI150 flanges are allowed shall be ANSI 150
valves.
5. Valves shall be bubble tight with 316 stainless steel disc, stainless steel shaft and
reinforced Teflon seat.
6. Actuators shall be fail in place with factory mounted open and closed position limit
switches mounted.
7. Provide fail in place, electric actuators with waterproof enclosure and crankcase heater
for actuator and accessories mounted outside.
8. Provide manual override hand wheels for each valve.
9. Butterfly valves will only be approved for cooling tower bypass and all two-position
(open or close) applications.
10. Valves must have full lug type body connections.
G. Steam Valves:
1. Steam control valves shall be of linear flow characteristics for modulating service.
2. Sizing Criteria:
a. 15 psig or less; pressure drop 80% of inlet psig. [off]
b. 16 to 50 psig; pressure drop 50% of inlet psig. [off]
c. Over 50 psig; pressure drop as scheduled on plans. [off]
3. Steam valves shall fail normally open or closed, as scheduled on plans, or as follows:
a. Heating coils in air handlers: normally open.
b. Steam to hot water heat exchanger: normally closed.
c. Other applications: as required by sequences of operation.
4. Low leakage rate (ANSI Class IV)
5. Direct mount actuators
a. Actuators shall be designed to connect directly to the valve stem without the use of
a linkage or gear box. Linkages or gear boxes are not acceptable.
b. Brushless motors, microprocessor controlled, for longer life. Brushed motors not
allowed because of wear and erosion.
c. Reinforced nylon gears occluding with steel or die cast aluminum gears on metal
pinion.
d. Electronic overload or stall protection in both directions.
e. Adjustable mechanical range of rotation shall be adjustable between 90deg and
45deg. The control signal shall self-adapt such that the 0-10Vdc control signal is
scaled within the adjusted mechanical range.