ADDENDUM SHEET For Model 880 MAN-027 (December 2005 Revision) This following provides information on the Model 880 OMEGA radiographic exposure device and identifies differences for this device not currently addressed in MAN-027. The Model 880 OMEGA general description is identical to all other Model 880 source projectors except for the following: 1. The Model 880 OMEGA is identified by a Safety Orange colored optional jacket. 2.
DANGER - IMPORTANT WARNINGS The system must be operated only by trained and qualified radiographers who have read and understand this Operating Manual or by trained assistants working under their direct supervision. WARNING The use of this radiographic exposure device by unqualified personnel or when safety procedures are not fully met, could result in life-threatening dangers. Gamma radiography systems emit high levels of highly penetrating radiation during use.
CONTENTS 1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 1.1 - 1.6 2 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 2.1 - 2.11 3 DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS 3.1 - 3.9 4 MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS 4.1 - 4.16 5 SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS 5.1 - 5.12 6 DEFINITIONS AND TERMS 6.1 - 6.3 7 EMERGENCIES AND PERSONNEL SAFETY 7.1 - 7.2 8 INSTRUCTIONS FOR DISPOSAL 8.
FRONT VIEW Outlet port Guide tube connector 880 Delta 150Ci (5.55TBq) Maximum package weight With jacket 52lb (24kg) Without jacket 46lb (21kg) 880 Sigma 130Ci (4.81TBq) Maximum package weight With jacket 52lb (24kg) Without jacket 46lb (21kg) 880 Elite 50Ci (1.85TBq) Maximum package weight With jacket 42lb (19kg) Without jacket 37lb (17kg) REAR VIEW Locking mechanism Remote control connector 9in 229mm 13 .3in 338mm 7.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Exposure device description The Model 880 Delta, Model 880 Sigma and Model 880 Elite are physically small, lightweight, portable industrial radiographic exposure devices. The ‘S’ tube design exposure device consists of a cast depleted Uranium (DU) shield contained and secured within a 300 series stainless steel tube with stainless steel discs welded at each end to form a cylinder shaped housing.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Applications The Model 880 devices are used for industrial applications of gamma radiography, mainly with Iridium-192, to inspect materials and structures in the density range of approximately 2.71g/cm3 through 8.53g/cm3. The Model 880 devices also accommodate low energy isotopes to permit radiography of materials and structures of thin sections of steel and lowdensity alloys.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Source output Ytterbium-169 Selenium-75 Iridium-192 Cobalt-60 At 1m per Ci (37GBq) 0.125R/hr 1.25mSv/hr 0.203R/hr 2.03mSv/hr 0.48R/hr 4.80mSv/hr 1.30R/hr 13.0mSv/hr At 1ft per Ci (37GBq) 1.3R/hr/Ci 13.0mSv/hr 2.2R/hr/Ci 22.0mSv/hr 5.2R/hr/Ci 52.0mSv/hr 14.0R/hr/Ci 140mSv/hr Selected attenuation data Material Approximate Approximate half value thickness material inches(mm) density Ytterbium-169 Selenium-75 Iridium-192 1.140 (29.0) 1.180 (30.0) 1.700 (43.2) Concrete 2.35g/cm3 – 1.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Control specifications Complete remote control assemblies Product code Model number TAN66425 664/25 TAN66435 664/35 TAN66450 664/50 TAN69325 693/25 TAN69335 693/35 TAN69350 693/50 TAN69225 692/25 TAN69235 692/35 TAN69250 692/50 88325 883/25 88335 883/35 88350 883/50 Control cable length 25ft (7.6m) 35ft (10.7m) 50ft (15.2m) 25ft (7.6m) 35ft (10.7m) 50ft (15.2m) 25ft (7.6m) 35ft (10.7m) 50ft (15.2m) 25ft (7.6m) 35ft (10.7m) 50ft (15.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Weight of exposure device Delta 52lb (24kg), Sigma 52lb (24kg) Elite 42lb (19kg). Weight of depleted Uranium shield Delta 34lb (15.4kg), Sigma 34lb (15.4kg) Elite 25lb (11.4kg). Activity of depleted Uranium shield Delta 5.4mCi (200MBq) Sigma 5.4mCi (200MBq) Elite 3.8mCi (141MBq).
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Prior to the initial use of the exposure device as a shipping container, the user must register with the Transportation Certification Branch, Office of Nuclear Safety and Security, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The user should have in his possession a copy of the Certificate of Compliance issued for the exposure device, which may be obtained from Sentinel, QSA Global, Inc. customer service centers upon request.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS QCP385 issue 2 Job site safety precautions Instruments The radiographer and his assistant must at all times wear a film badge or TLD and pocket dosimeter with a range of 0-200mRem (0-2mSv). Regulatory requirements in the USA also require that an audible alarm ratemeter be worn at temporary jobsites. Specifically, those locations that are not permanent radiographic installations equipped with functional door interlocks and audible/visual alarms.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS It is essential that the 5 STEPS set out below are followed in the correct order to ensure safe operation and compliance with regulations. STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 Exposure device survey Connecting the source guide tube(s) Connecting the remote control cable Projecting and retracting the source assembly Dismantling equipment STEP 1 Exposure device survey Check the operation of the survey meter by measuring the radiation level at the surface of the exposure device.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS STEP 2 Connecting the source guide tube(s) 1 Simultaneously pull and rotate the spring-loaded outlet port cover a quarter of a turn in a clockwise direction. 2 Insert the bayonet fitting of the source guide tube into the exposed outlet port. Align the GREEN MARKINGS on the bayonet fitting and outlet port. 3 Rotate a quarter of a turn counter-clockwise. 4 Rotate the spring-loaded outlet port cover an additional 60 degrees in a clockwise direction until it stops. 2.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS STEP 2 WARNING Ensure that the available length of the control cable is greater than the total length of the source guide tubes. See the technical specifications section for details. If the remote control conduits are shorter than the total length of the source guide tubes: 1 The source assembly cannot be projected all the way to the source stop of the terminating source guide tube and be correctly positioned for the exposure.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS STEP 3 Connecting the remote control cable 1 Unlock the plunger lock with the key. 2 Turn the selector ring from LOCK to CONNECT. 3 The protective cover will disengage from the projector. 2.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS STEP 3 Connecting the remote control cable 4 Insert the protective cover into the lock housing during use of the device. Check the control cable and source assembly connectors using the NO GO gauge according to the daily inspection section. 5 Remove the protective rubber cap from the remote control connector. 6 Slide the remote control connector assembly's collar back and open the jaws to expose the male portion of the control cable connector (i.e.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS STEP 3 Connecting the remote control cable 8 Close the jaws of the control cable connector over the joined connectors. Slide the remote control connector assembly collar over the connector jaws. NOTE The control cable connector, when properly installed with the selector ring in the CONNECT position, displaces anti-rotation lugs which allows the selector ring to be rotated to the LOCK position and when required, through to the OPERATE position.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS STEP 4 Projecting and retracting the source assembly 1 Unlocking If engaged, unlock the exposure device's plunger lock with the key. 2 Rotate the selector ring to the OPERATE position. Ensure there is no tension/force in either direction on the control cable.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS STEP 4 Projecting Rapidly rotate the control crank handle in the EXPOSE direction (counter-clockwise) to move the source assembly out of the exposure device to the radiographic focal position. The control crank handle will stop turning when the source reaches the source stop. Do not use excessive force. The odometer (if fitted) will indicate the approximate total distance traveled, 7ft (2.1m) for each guide tube section.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS STEP 4 Retracting At the end of the required exposure time, set the brake to OFF and rapidly turn the crank handle in the RETRACT (clockwise) direction until it no longer moves. You may hear the lock slide ‘click’ back into its original position depending on the ambient noise level at the job site. From the control crank you may be able to observe the GREEN MARKING on the slide bar.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS STEP 5 Dismantling equipment Remote control unit Unlock the exposure device and then rotate the selector ring from LOCK to CONNECT. The remote control connector will partially disengage from the exposure device's locking mechanism. Completely disengage the remote controls from the exposure device by disengaging the control cable connector from the source assembly connector.
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS Introduction The QSA Global, Inc. Model 880 Delta, Sigma and Elite radiographic exposure devices provide innovation to the most widely used family of radiographic exposure devices utilized for on-site gamma radiography. The Model 880 series exposure devices are portable, lightweight and permit use of several different isotopes commonly needed by the nondestructive testing community.
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS Operational features 1 Source assembly A sealed source containing the radioactive material is swaged (crimped) to one end of a flexible steel leader, commonly referred to as the source holder or pigtail. A steel stop-ball and a steel connector are swaged to the opposite end of the source holder. The stop-ball provides the means to secure the source assembly within the exposure device's locking mechanism.
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS A shielded outlet port cover mechanism permits a secure attachment of source guide tubes (projection sheaths) without an elevation of radiation levels. The outlet port mechanism will not allow the source assembly to be projected outside of the exposure device unless a source guide tube has been properly attached to the outlet port.
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS Second, during termination of a radiographic exposure, the remote controls are used to retract the source back into the exposure device. When the source assembly is returned to the fully shielded position within the exposure device, the locking mechanism automatically secures the source assembly, preventing the source assembly from being inadvertently exposed from the fully shielded position.
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS Exposure mode When the source assembly reaches the exposure head at the radiographic working position, the odometer will indicate (in feet and tenths of a foot) the approximate distance the sealed source has traveled. (See figure 3.4) To return the source assembly to the exposure device the crank handle is rotated in the RETRACT direction (clockwise).
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS Daily inspection of the system A daily inspection of the gamma radiography system for obvious defects is essential. The daily inspection ensures that the equipment is in a safe and proper operating condition. It is important that all radiographers perform or supervise this inspection prior to the first radiographic exposure of the shift regardless of any previous inspections that may have been performed that day.
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS 2 Inspect each length of source guide tube that will be used for cuts, inward dents and heat damage. The inspection is primarily a visual one, but it should include the radiographer using his hands to feel for the inward dents. This is necessary due to the fact the outer material of the source guide tube is a flexible waterproof material that can mask dents.
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS 1 Remote control inspection: Uncoil the remote controls at the site. Inspect the control crank to assure all screws are present and tightened and that the crank handle is properly secured. If the control crank is equipped with an odometer, zero the odometer while the control cable is fully retracted. Verify the odometer is fully functional. Ensure the instructions on the control crank's label are legible.
DAILY INSPECTION INSTRUCTIONS Check for freedom of movement of the control cable within the remote controls by moving the control crank handle back and forth approximately one-quarter turn. During this test, take care to avoid cranking the control cable onto the ground exposing it to dirt and sand. If any resistance is felt during this check, re-inspect the control conduits for dents or depressions.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS QCP386 issue 2 Quarterly (routine) and annual (complete) maintenance requirements Radiographic exposure devices and associated equipment must be maintained regularly by trained and qualified personnel to ensure consistent and safe operation of the radiographic system.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS maintenance, the exposure device must be withdrawn from service until repairs are accomplished and the results of subsequent operational tests and inspection are satisfactory. Inspect the radiography system for the following using a ‘satisfactory’ or ‘deficient’ criteria: 1 Survey the surface of the exposure device to ensure the measurable dose/rate is less than 200mR/hr (2mSv/hr). Remove the device from service if the dose/rate exceeds this limit. Contact QSA Global, Inc.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS Annual maintenance requirements Radiographic exposure devices used under normal environmental conditions should only require complete maintenance once a year. Complete maintenance on the associated equipment including the remote controls and source guide tubes should be performed every three months to detect deficiencies and to prevent corrosion and wear related problems.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS 2 Prepare a Model 518 wipe test swab according to the instruction sheet. Fill in all required information for the on the leak test form. Omission of the isotope, source model and serial number, etc. will delay processing of the wipe test. 3 Install service bayonet fitting (part no. 88049) into the outlet port and rotate the cover to allow the wipe test wand to enter the ‘S’ tube. 4 Fully insert the wipe test wand into the ‘S’ tube and move back and forth to obtain the sample.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS Annual maintenance for the Model 880 Delta, Model 880 Sigma and Model 880 Elite exposure devices Tools required for Model 880 complete maintenance G 5/32in Allen wrench for the 10-32 socket head lock mount and selector-ring screws. G 3/32in Allen wrench for the socket head plunger lock screw. G Number 30 drill bit and pop-rivet gun for removal and installation of 1/8in s/s rivets. G Tamperproof tool bit for back plate and front plate 5/16 in-18 screws.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS Model 880 Delta, Model 880 Sigma and Model 880 Elite annual maintenance requirements Model 880 Delta, Sigma and Elite exposure devices must receive inspection and maintenance at least once a year. The locking mechanism and outlet port mechanism must be removed from the exposure device and disassembled for proper cleaning, inspection and lubrication on components that are critical to safety.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS 5 Begin assembly of the locking mechanism by lightly coating all components with MIL-G-23827B or C, MIL-PRF-23827C grease. Treat all screw thread ends with Vibratite™ or Locktite™ thread sealant. Mount the locking mechanism plate horizontally in a vise or fixture with the plunger lock and retainer at a 12 o'clock position. (Note: carefully mount the locking mechanism plate in a vise or fixture so hands are free for the assembly procedure and no damage to the mount plate will occur.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS Rotate the selector mechanism back to the OPERATE position and push in the lock slide to ensure smooth operation and positive engagement. Attempt to push the lock slide towards the SECURED position to test for a positive engagement of the lock slide. If a smooth operation is not attained and/or the lock slide can be forced into the secured position by testing for positive engagement, disassemble and thoroughly re-inspect for faulty components.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS Install new compression springs and assemble the outlet port mechanism. Apply Vibratite™ thread sealant to the socket head cap screws before tightening. Install a new set screw to the outlet port cover. After assembly of the front plate, perform the following safety function tests using a bayonet source guide tube fitting. Pull the outlet port cover and rotate clockwise 90 degrees. Movement should be smooth and limited to a clockwise 90 degree turn.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS Annual maintenance for the remote controls Tools required for complete maintenance of Models 692, 693, 664 remote controls, compatible with Models 880, 660 and 460 exposure devices: G 11/16 in open-end wrench for the control conduit swage fittings. G 1/2in open end wrench for the 5-16 control crank handle bolt. G Slot screwdriver for the 10-32 remote control crank screws. G 3/8in wrench for the 10-32 control crank stop nuts. G 0.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS 7 Perform the following inspections of the control cable. Use the Model 550 NO GO gauge to inspect the control cable connector for wear. Closely inspect the connector for bends or cracks in the neck (shank) area and dented areas on the ball of the connector. Remove the control cable from service if any cracks or bends in the shank or dents in the ball of the male connector are found during this inspection.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS Clean the interior of both remote control conduits by pouring 4-5oz (100ml) of clean solvent into one end. Use compressed air to blow the solvent through the entire length of conduits into a clean white cloth attached to the opposite end. Repeat this cleaning process until the solvent blown through the conduit comes out clean. Use the compressed air to thoroughly dry the interior of the conduit.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS Place the drive wheel in the lower half of the control crank housing making sure the spacer rings are between it and the wheel bearings if applicable. Assemble the two brake jaws, brake bearing and brake arm. The angled sides of the brake jaws should be facing the retract side of the control crank housing. Place the upper control crank housing over the assembly while keeping them level and press them together.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS Quarterly and annual maintenance for source guide tubes Tools required for maintenance of source guide tubes: G A424-9XL mock source assembly to perform function tests after cleaning and inspection. G Length of clean control cable to push A424-9 XL through a 7ft (2.1m) source guide tube. G 1in-18 tap and 1in-18 die nut for male and female threads of the source guide tubes, if required.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS Misconnect test after reloading sealed source into the exposure device After performing the annual maintenance, the complete locking system should be tested by the maintenance program administrator or Radiation Safety Officer. A misconnect test on the exposure device including the radioactive source assembly effectively tests the integrity of the entire locking system.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS Model 880 Delta, Model 880 Sigma and Model 880 Elite safety class A components Safety Class A designation items Items that comprise the Model 880 Delta, Sigma or Elite radiographic exposure device and associated equipment that are critical for safe radiological operation are classified as Class A items or components. Class A items can be structures, components and systems whose failure or function could directly result in a condition adversely affecting public health and safety.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS REAR PLATE ASSEMBLY
REAR PLATE ASSEMBLY ITEM PART NUMBER QTY. DESCRIPTION ITEM PART NUMBER QTY.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS FRONT PLATE ASSEMBLY
FRONT PLATE ASSEMBLY ITEM PART NUMBER QTY. DESCRIPTION ITEM PART NUMBER QTY.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS CONTROL ASSEMBLIES SOURCE GUIDE TUBES
CONTROL ASSEMBLIES ITEM PART NUMBER QTY. DESCRIPTION ITEM PART NUMBER QTY. DESCRIPTION 1 SCR125 4 15/8in BIND HEAD SCREW 18 GEA-002 1 HELICAL GEAR 2 SCR008 4 11/4in BIND HEAD SCREW 19 PIN008 1 ROLL PIN 3 BLT008 1 HEXAGONAL BOLT 20 66404-1 1 GEAR SHAFT 4 WSH019 1 WASHER 21 BBS-005 1 OILITE BEARING 5 68901 1 CRANK ARM 22 NUT025 4 STOP NUT 6 BBS-004 1 BRAKE BUSH 23 66103 1 SAFETY CONNECTOR 7 81800-10 2 CONTROL CRANK HOUSING 24 59125 2 25ft (7.
22 2 26 27 22 28 29 1
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS The sample transportation regulations in section 5 are specific to the USA only. As stated in section 5.1 you should reference all international and local regulations before shipping. The following instructions are samples for the transport of radiography devices and sources within the United States and are based on current transport regulations.
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS Part A - Transport package The Model 880 Delta, Model 880 Sigma and Model 880 Elite are approved as radiographic exposure devices and Type B(U) transport packages under the certification number USA/9269/B(U)-XX (for XX enter either 85 or 96 according to the package certification). The -96 designation for Type B(U) certifications is being phased in worldwide and will go into full effect on January 1, 2004.
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS 3c If the source is not Special Form, you must make a contamination wipe test of the exterior surface of the package. Wipe a representative surface of the package, covering an area of approximately 300cm2, using a cloth patch and moderate pressure. Measure the activity on the patch using the contamination monitor and assure that the activity does not exceed 0.001microcurie (37Bq)/100cm2. If this limit is exceeded, notify the Radiation Safety Officer immediately.
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS 3 Prior to shipment assure the package and its contents meet the following requirements: G The contents are authorized for use in the package. G The package is in good physical condition for transport. G All locks or required shipping plugs are properly installed and seal wired where required. G All conditions of the Type B(U) Certificate of Compliance or Type A approval are met. [10CFR71.
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS 8 Properly complete two shipping labels indicating the contents (Iridium-192, Cobalt-60, etc.), the activity of the source (in Becquerels or multiples of Becquerels, e.g. GigaBecquerels (GBq)) and the transport index. The transport index is used only on Yellow II and Yellow III labels and is defined as the maximum radiation level in mRem/hr at 1m from the package surface (see Table 1). [49CFR172.
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS j Shipper's certification: ‘This is to certify that the above named materials are properly classified, described, packaged, marked and labeled and are in proper condition for transport according to the applicable regulations of the Department of Transportation.’ [49CFR172.
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS Part D - Shipment of empty Uranium shielded containers 1 Assure that the package does not contain a radioactive source. Perform the following procedure to confirm there are no unauthorized source assemblies within the container: G Transfer the authorized source assembly from the Model 880 in accordance with the source changer operations manual.
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS ‘This Package Conforms to the Conditions and Limitations Specified in 49CFR173.426 for Radioactive Material, Excepted Packages - Articles Manufactured From Depleted Uranium, UN2909.’ ii. Your company's 24-hour emergency phone number. NOTE: When shipping by Air, Excepted packages are exempt from the requirement for the use of Dangerous Goods Declaration.
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS iv. Activity of the uranium in Becquerels or other appropriate multiples of Becquerels. NOTE: Number of Ci x 37 = number of GigaBecquerels (GBq). The activity in millicuries for U-238 equals 0.16 x the shield weight in pounds (i.e. for a Model 650L with a 35lb shield, the approximate activity would be 0.16 x 35lb = 5.6mCi). v. Category of label applied (i.e. Radioactive Yellow II). vi. Transport Index. vii. USNRC identification number or DOT specification number, i.e.
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS viii. The 24-hour emergency number required by Step 6bx of this part, must appear in the ‘Additional Handling Information’ section of the Declaration for Dangerous Goods. The information on the Declaration for Dangerous Goods must be entered strictly in accordance with the order specified in the latest edition of the International Air Transport Association, Dangerous Goods Regulations.
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS a Air waybill number: Enter the number of the air waybill to which the declaration form will be attached. (This may be amended by the Carrier.) b Airport of departure: Enter the full name of the airport of city of departure, which may be amended by the carrier. c Airport of destination: Enter the full name of the airport or city of destination, which may be amended by the carrier.
SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONS Radioactive material transport checklist Date __________________________________ Operator ____________________________________ Destination _________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Transport container model ______________ Serial number________________________________ Radio
DEFINITIONS AND TERMS Area alarm An area radiation level monitor that provides a highly visual warning when the radiation level exceeds a pre-set threshold. Commonly referred to as Gammalarms, use is required by most jurisdictions in permanent radiographic installations and they are often used in conjunction with door interlocks and audible alarms. Portable area alarms are required by some jurisdictions for radiography performed at temporary job-sites.
DEFINITIONS AND TERMS Exposure device (container) Radiographic exposure devices are used to remotely project the radiation source to a predetermined exposure position when required and to securely maintain it and shield it when it is not in use. Current equipment requirements require devices be designed and tested to ISO/ANSI standards and pertinent transportation regulations for transport containers. Also known as: projector, gamma ray projector (G.R.P.), camera, pill-box, source-box, exposure container.
DEFINITIONS AND TERMS Secured position (shielded position) Condition of the radiographic exposure device and source assembly, when the sealed source is fully shielded and restricted to this position within the radiographic exposure device. Note: When in the secured position during radiographic operations, the radiographic exposure device may be unlocked. Simulated source A sealed source whose structure is such as that of the sealed radioactive source, but not containing any radioactive material.
EMERGENCIES AND PERSONNEL SAFETY Emergencies During the termination of a radiographic exposure, observation of the survey meter provides an indication of source movement while cranking the remote control handle. After retracting the sealed source into the exposure device, radiographers are required to perform a confirmatory survey of the exposure device, the projection sheaths and beam limiter when used.
EMERGENCIES AND PERSONNEL SAFETY Access to restricted areas The site where radiography is performed must be separated from other work areas by as much distance as possible. If applicable, check for occupation of the areas above and below the radiography site. Clearly defined boundaries must be set up and warning signs displayed to provide warning and prevent access to the radiography site by unauthorized personnel before any exposure begins.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR DISPOSAL By international regulations, radioactive materials that are no longer required must be transferred to a licensed recipient for final disposition. Iridium-192 source assemblies that have depleted beyond their useful working life may be returned to authorized recipients using a source changer authorized for the specific model source assembly. Authorized recipients will provide any specific conditions to the shipper as required by regulatory authorities.
