Guidelines for Rescue Services smart 2006 Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006
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Contents Preface 5 Overview Proper casualty rescue 6 Extinguishing vehicle fires 7 Rescue Securing and supporting 8 Removing the windows 10 Removing the doors 13 Pushing away the instrument panel 17 Removing the roof 21 Observing occupant restraint systems 27 Seat adjustment/head restraints 34 Steering wheel adjustment/roll bar 35 Model classes General 36 smart fortwo 38 smart roadster 40 smart forfour 41 Annex List of abbreviations 42 Index 43 Guidelines for Rescue Servic
Contents Page 4 Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006
Preface Dear reader, One of DaimlerChrysler's top priorities has tradi tionally been to guarantee the highest possible standards of safety. This emphasis on safety is especially pronounced also in vehicles of the "smart" brand, the ultra compact line within the Mercedes Car Group. Our comprehensive safety concept also extends to providing you, the rescue crews, with specific infor mation about our vehicles and their safety systems. The top priority of the rescue crew is to save lives.
Overview Proper casualty rescue Whereas formerly priority was given to quickly rescuing the trapped casualty from his predicament, the primary concern nowadays is medical and psychological assistance. The aim of this is to prepare the casualty as well as possible for the rescue work. The medical and rescue personnel can then work in concert to free the casualty from the vehicle.
Overview Extinguishing vehicle fires Extinguish fires in accordance with the guidelines of the professional fire services! Body: Magnesium is increasingly being used in safety relevant reinforcement structures in the body. For example, the instrument panel structure in smart vehicles is made of magnesium. i Magnesium is a Class D flammable material according to the EN2 European Standard on "flammable materials of various kinds".
Rescue Securing and supporting a Risk of injury Unintended movements of the bodywork during rescue operations may cause further injury to the casualties. Action To prevent dangerous movements from occurring while rescuing the casualties, the vehicles involved should first be secured. On arrival at the scene of the accident, the first priority of the rescue crew should be to ascertain and assess the condition of the casualties.
Rescue Securing and supporting Vehicles lying on their side must be secured to prevent them from sliding and tipping over, e.g. using supporting struts, wheel chocks, ropes and straps. • Secure vehicle using supporting struts • Attach straps by looping them around vehicle parts, such as axles or other securely bolted or welded parts on the vehicle. • Attach steel cable to strap and tighten using pulling unit (grip puller) or cable winch • Secure opposite vehicle side using wheel chocks P00.
Rescue Removing the windows a Risk of injury Work on windows and glass roofs may produce glass splinters which can cause injuries to the occupants and rescuers. a Risk of injury Action Cover the occupants before commencing work, preferably with a transparent sheet. Wear protective clothing, safety glasses and a protective mouth mask. Action Always remove the windows when working on adja cent components. Cover the occupants before commencing work, preferably with a transparent sheet.
Rescue Removing the windows Remove windows using a glass saw: The glass saw is usually the tool of choice for cutting out laminated glass windows: • First knock a hole in the window • Then remove the window by cutting around the edges P67.00 2037 00 With a glass saw, the actual cutting occurs on the pull stroke and not on the push stroke as with conventional saws. The advantage of this is that the casualty inside the vehicle is less exposed to the glass particles produced. P67.
Rescue Removing the windows Glass roof on smart forfour (model 454) • Stick adhesive foil or tape over the window • Knock a hole in one of the corners of the glass roof • Cut out the window along the edge of the opening in the roof using a glass saw • Remove the window outwards Both the glass roof and the plastic roof are adhesive bonded to the body structure. P65.
Rescue Removing the doors First check whether the door catch can be opened in spite of the deformed door. It may be possible to open the door enough to allow the spreader to be pushed into the resulting gap. If the lock cannot be opened, the following procedure is recommended: i Do not use excessive force to ram the spreader into the door gap, in order to avoid any unintended movement of the car body. Proceed carefully with the casualty in mind.
Rescue Removing the doors • If the plastic cover panel on the door obstructs your efforts, you can give it a sharp tug by hand to remove it. P72.00 2116 00 Because the hinges are forged steel, and thus extremely strong, the recommended procedure is to open the door on the lock side, where the spreader can act against the more pliant aluminum of the door structure. Should it be absolutely necessary to open the door on the hinge side, apply the spreader at the upper hinge, inserting it from above.
Rescue Removing the doors smart forfour (model 454) Opening on the hinge side • Remove door paneling (plastic panel) • Position the spreader between the hinge and the A pillar or fender • Spread the hinge until it breaks off P72.00 2156 00 The following procedure can also be used: • Remove door paneling (plastic panel) • Cut through the door frame (1) above (cuts A) and below (cuts B) the hinges using rescue shears P72.00 2157 00 1 Door frame 2 Window frame • Cut through the window frame (2) P72.
Rescue Removing the doors • Cut through the crossmember (3) (cut C) P72.00 2159 00 3 Crossmember • Cut the electrical lines • Insert the spreader from above and pull the door outwards P72.00 2160 00 • Cover sharp edged parts P72.
Rescue Pushing away the instrument panel a Risk of injury When vehicle parts are cut open or cut off, sharp edges are produced, which can cause injury to the casualties or to the rescue personnel. a Risk of injury The gas generators of windowbags are filled with compressed gas and they must not be cut! The gas generator will burst and sharp edged parts may be ejected at high speeds. The loud noise may result in casualties suffering a blast trauma.
Rescue Pushing away the instrument panel • Crush the rocker panel near the A pillars using the spreader P63.00 2049 00 • Cut through the rocker panel using rescue shears P63.00 2050 00 • Make a depression at the bottom towards the rear of the rocker panel near the B pillar and install the telescopic rescue ram • Position the other end of the rescue ram on the A pillar level with the instrument panel.
Rescue Pushing away the instrument panel As an alternative to placing a rescue ram in the door opening, a chain can be slung around the steering column below the steering wheel. A second chain is then slung around the front axle from the front. Then use the spreader to pull the two chains together: This pulls the steering wheel and steering column forward. P62.00 2080 00 A cable sling can be attached to the brake pedal to pull the pedal in the desired direction in order to free a trapped foot, etc.
Rescue Pushing away the instrument panel • Make a relief cut at the bottom of the A pillar P62.00 2089 00 • Position a rescue ram in the area of the joint (arrow) between the instrument panel crossmember and the A pillar. i Due to its construction, the A pillar is not strong enough to allow the use of a rescue ram. The ram deforms the A pillar and fender without pushing the instrument panel forward out of the way. P62.00 2090 00 • Position the rescue ram on the B pillar.
Rescue Removing the roof a Risk of injury Action When vehicle parts are cut open or cut off, sharp edges are produced, which can cause injury to the casualties or to the rescue personnel. Cover the relevant parts with protective covers or pillar padding. When the C pillars are cut, the frameless single pane safety glass rear window will probably break. Remove the rear window (see chapter "Removing the windows", p.
Rescue Removing the roof The smart fortwo coupé is fitted with an adhesive bonded roof in either glass or plastic. Because the glass roof consists of single pane safety glass, the recommended procedure is to cut out the entire roof structure as described in the following section. This procedure prevents flying glass particles from increasing the injury risk. This procedure should also be employed on the plastic roof.
Rescue Removing the roof • Cut through the C pillars below the gas filled spring struts of the folding rear window. i When the C pillars are cut, the frameless single pane safety glass rear window will probably break. P63.00 2053 00 smart forfour (model 454): Folding back the roof • Cut through the A pillars • Saw out the windshield at the A pillars and above the instrument panel. The upper side (roof side) of the windshield remains intact.
Rescue Removing the roof • Cut through the C pillars as far as the roof frame P65.00 2108 00 • Cut through the roof frame P65.00 2109 00 • Fold the roof back and secure it to prevent it from springing back P65.
Rescue Removing the roof Soft top/coupé roof on smart fortwo cabrio and smart roadster a Risk of injury When opening the soft top or the coupé roof, there is a risk of injury due to the moving parts. Furthermore, the occupants' freedom of move ment may be restricted. Action Before and while opening the roof, always ensure that the casualties' freedom of movement is not restricted and that nobody will be injured by the moving parts of the soft top.
Rescue Removing the roof smart roadster/roadster coupé (model 452) The smart roadster and roadster coupé are equipped with a soft top or a coupé roof as stan dard equipment. Soft top: The locking and release mechanisms for the soft top are attached to the windshield frame and are operated automatically when the switch is pressed. The control switch is located in the center console in front of the gearshift lever. P77.
Rescue Observing occupant restraint systems a Risk of injury When disconnecting the batteries or when cutting electrical lines, the ground lines must always be disconnected or cut first, otherwise there is a risk of short circuit. a Risk of injury Action If this is not possible, insulated tools must be used to disconnect or cut the cables. Action There is a risk of injury in the deployment area of undeployed airbags. Cover the occupants before commencing work, preferably with a transparent sheet.
Rescue Observing occupant restraint systems Occupant restraint system (SRS Supplemental Restraint System): All smart vehicles are equipped with seat belts and an additional occupant restraint system (SRS). The system encompasses: • • • • Indicator lamp in the instrument cluster Emergency tensioning retractors Belt force limiters Airbags The driver airbag (1) in the smart model series is located in the steering wheel housing. P91.
Rescue Observing occupant restraint systems The sidebags (4) in all model series are located in the outsides of the backrests (front seats only in the smart forfour). P91.60 2683 00 4 Sidebags 5 6 Windowbag Gas generator The windowbags (5) in the smart forfour model series (model 454) are located at the top in the side of the roof frame. The gas generators (6) are located in the area of the rear door behind the B pillars. P91.
Rescue Observing occupant restraint systems The illustration at the side shows the driver and front passenger airbags in their deployed and fully inflated state in the smart fortwo as an example. P91.60 2684 00 i The air sack inflates within a few milliseconds during the collision. After full deployment, the air sack of the driver side and passenger side front airbag immediately deflate.
Rescue Observing occupant restraint systems a Risk of injury Action If using safety devices intended to protect against airbag deployments after an accident, there is a danger that these devices may be cata pulted by the deploying airbag, presenting an additional injury hazard for casualties and rescuers alike. Cover the occupants before commencing work, preferably with a transparent sheet.
Rescue Observing occupant restraint systems The airbag's air sack inflates within a few milli seconds during the collision. The air sack reaches its maximum volume in approximately 45 ms. Immediately after maximum volume is reached, the airbag starts to deflate. The gas escapes through an air hole or through the fabric and the airbag collapses (exception: windowbags). Triggered airbags that are hanging down can be pushed upwards or to the side so as to create the necessary space for the rescue action.
Rescue Observing occupant restraint systems Seat belts The seat belt buckles can usually be opened normally after a crash. However, it is often easier to cut the belts at an easily accessible point. In this way the rescue crew do not need to lean over the casualty, which might cause further discomfort or injury. Furthermore, leaving the belt buckle fastened provides the police with evidence that the belt was being worn.
Rescue Seat adjustment/head restraints a Risk of injury When vehicle parts are cut open or cut off, sharp edges are produced, which can cause injury to the casualties or to the rescue personnel. Action Cover the relevant parts with protective covers or pillar padding. Seat adjustment Vehicles in the smart model series feature manual seat adjustment mechanisms as standard equip ment.
Rescue Steering wheel adjustment/roll bar Steering wheel adjustment The height of the steering wheel can be adjusted according to requirements. • Press the lock (1) downwards • Adjust the steering wheel • Press the lock (1) upwards P46.15 2242 00 Roll bar On the smart fortwo cabrio, the smart roadster and the smart roadster coupé the roll bars are integrated in the body structure (shown on smart fortwo cabrio). PP91.
Model classes General Location of airbags: Location of battery: The airbags in the smart model series are located: smart fortwo coupé and cabrio: In the front passenger footwell • In the steering wheel (driver airbag) • Above or in place of the glove box in the instrument panel (front passenger airbag) • In the outsides of the backrests (front sidebags) • In the area of the roof pillars and side roof frames (windowbags: smart forfour only) smart roadster and roadster coupé: In the front trunk under t
Model classes General Location of structural reinforcements The structural reinforcements of relevance to rescue operations are all located in the region of the passenger cell. The illustration shows the design of the TRIDION cells with structural reinforcements (red) as found on the smart cabrio (upper illustration) and smart roadster (lower illustration). P00.00 3525 00 The actual layout of the structural reinforcement elements varies according to the individual model series. P00.
Model classes smart fortwo smart fortwo coupé (model 450.3) P00.00 3526 00 P00.
Model classes smart fortwo smart fortwo cabrio (model 450.4) P00.00 3258 00 P00.
Model classes smart roadster smart roadster/roadster coupé (model 452) P00.00 3530 00 P00.
Model classes smart forfour smart forfour (model 454) P00.10 3908 00 P00.
Annex List of abbreviations ESG Single pane safety glass ESP Electronic Stability Program LED Light emitting diode SRS Supplemental restraint system VSG Laminated safety glass Page 42 Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006
Annex Index A I Immediate measures at scene of accident . . . . 6 Airbags Driver airbag . . . . . . Front passenger airbag Gas generators . . . . . Location . . . . . . . . . Sidebag . . . . . . . . . Windowbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 28 29 36 29 29 L Laminated safety glass . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 11 M Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . .
