GEOPRO Field Operator’s Manual Part Number 1020509-01 Rev A ©Copyright Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. April 2017 All contents in this manual are copyrighted by Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Table of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 TS Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 GPS Data . . . . . . . . . . .
TS Data Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Creating TS Data Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Creating a job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Creating a station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Creating a celerimetric point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GPS Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 GPS Data Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Insert and Change GPS points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 File |Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Import 3d Office - Control file (.GC3) . . . . . .
Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Graphic View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Property view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Commands View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Panoramic Graphic View. . . . . . . . . . . .
3.Calculate Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 4.Show Coordinates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 File Menu|Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Commands View: list of commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Commands in File Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manage Themes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Manage Graphic Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Create entities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Example of created entity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Delete entities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commands in Format Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Commands in Instruments Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Commands in Design Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Commands in Outcomes Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Profile/Cross Sections Menu Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example 3 - Excavation project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 DTM|Planning|Excavation Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 1 Method - Excavation project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 2 Method - Excavation project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preface Thank you for purchasing this Sokkia product. The materials available in this Manual (the “Manual”) have been prepared by Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. (“TPS”) for owners of Sokkia products, and are designed to assist owners with the use of the receiver and its use is subject to these terms and conditions (the “Terms and Conditions”). Please read the terms and conditions carefully. Terms and Conditions Use This product is designed to be used by a professional.
Preface Confidentiality This Manual, its contents and the Software (collectively, the “Confidential Information”) are the confidential and proprietary information of TPS. You agree to treat TPS’ Confidential Information with a degree of care no less stringent that the degree of care you would use in safeguarding your own most valuable trade secrets.
Introduction Views The program uses one unique window for all opened files. This window is divided into two parts to list and display the various information: • Right part: called Specific View, is used to display the information in the open document in a detailed manner. Each View is activated from the node selected in the navigation tree. • Left part: composed of a navigation tree, with nodes and subnodes, it contains all the information on the open document.
Introduction Figure 2: By expanding the Document content node the program’s primary views will be listed, which are: TS Data, GPS Data, Known points Data, DL Data, CAD, Profiles, Roads and Paper Spaces; and each of these may have other subnodes. TS Data The TS Data, is the display of information inherent in the TS Data acquired through a Total Station.
Introduction Figure 4: Selecting the Station name will activate the view that lists the TS points; Figure 5: Selecting the Point name will activate the view that displays the TS Point view; TS Data 1020509-01 3
Introduction Figure 6: The TS Point view includes two pages: the first is called General and describes the point in detail (listing coordinates, measures, etc.); the second is called GIS Data and it is here that the user can read and/or change the GIS data associated with the point.
Introduction GPS Data The GPS Data, is the display of information collected through a GPS receiver. The view is divided into one or more Groups, to which a certain number of measured base points is associated.
Introduction Known points data The Known points data is the display of information on the points (archived in one or more groups) whose coordinates and/or quote are known. The Known points data and Control Points are represented primarily through a grid; each line corresponds to a group or point and an associated characteristic to each column; the grid can be highlighted and resized.
Introduction Figure 10: The Control points view is also available for orientation points where the data associated with them are displayed. Figure 11: DL data The DL data view is the display of information collected using a Digital Level; one or more levels can be archived which contain the data associated with a certain number of measurements run; the views are represented through a grid whose lines represent the DL data type (Benchmarks) and the associated characteristic columns.
Introduction Figure 12: Selecting the name of a Benchmark activates the view that displays the Points where all of the information is inserted for elaborating the measured data.
Introduction CAD View CAD View is the representation of a document’s graphic information, which, using specific instruments, can be changed. Figure 14: The Graphic View is used to manage: • Graphic entities; • Celerimetric data; • GPS data; • Known points data; • DTM Projects; • Roads Projects; • GIS Projects; • Images. The following views can be associated to the CAD View using the View menu: • Property view; • Commands View; • Panoramic view; • Detail view.
The Profiles View is the graphic or numeric (grid) display of the information associated with a Profile or cross section calculated by the program.
Figure 17: Selecting the Cross Sections node will activate the Sections View that includes the list of the cross section of the selected profile; Figure 18: Selecting the name of the Section activates the view that graphically displays the cross section profile where the user can change its graphic appearance as well as design polylines; Profile View 1020509-01 11 Introduction Selecting the Data Profile node will activate the grid view of the numeric data characterizing the Profile; this view may inc
Introduction Figure 19: Selecting the Cross Sections Data node will open a view that may include one or more pages: the first page includes the information on the section while the other page(s) include information on the additional polylines. Figure 20: Roads View The Roads View is the graphic or numeric display of the information associated with a road and its road sections.
Introduction Figure 21: Selecting the Road Named node will activate the road name view graphically displaying the road tracking; Figure 22: Selecting the Altimetry node will activate the Altimetry View where the user can change the graphic appearance of the road and design projects and polylines within it.
Introduction Figure 23: Selecting the Altimetry Data node will open the view, divided into one or more pages, depending on the quantity of projects/polylines designed.
Introduction Figure 25: Selecting the name of the Road section activates the view that graphically displays the section where the user can change its graphic appearance as well as design polylines; Figure 26: Selecting the Cross Sections Data node will open a view that may include one or more pages: the first page includes the information on the section while the other page(s) include information on the additional polylines.
Introduction Figure 27: Paper Spaces View The Paper Spaces View allows the user to create tables with multiple panes that can includes portions of the CAD View as well as the Profile View. The Paper Space View lists all the Paper spaces created. For each paper space created, the program creates a Cad View identified by its name where the user can add, change or eliminate the panes.
Introduction Meaning of Codes The program uses a series of codes applied during elaboration of the data or in different phases of the calculation; here following is the description of each of them and their use is outlined in the following chapters. • HC (Horizontal Control point) - The Point “seen” is actually an Orientation Point and will be used by the program to orient the Station from which it is “seen”.
Triangle creation phase. • NP (No Profile) - The Points or Stations with code NP will not be considered during the Profiles calculation using the “by quoted plane” method and with selecting a fascia of inclusion points. • NV (Not Visible) - The Points or Stations with code NV will not be displayed in Graphic and will not be considered during the Triangle creation phase.
Introduction Figure 30: Initially, the field associated with Consider for Sphericity and Refraction is set at No. Setting this window to Yes will allow the user to change the fields associated with the Refraction Coefficient and the Earth Radius which are initially set, respectively at, 0.14 and 6,372,500 m. These can be changed even while remaining within the limits indicated in the display; the user can also select whether or not to run the Geoid Reduction.
First Steps Presentation Geopro Office is a topographic program for Computers of Workstations installed with Windows 95/98/ME, NT4/2000/XP/Windows Vista/Windows 7/Windows 8 and Windows 10. Data can be acquired by the program in various ways: •Directly from Total Stations, data registries or digital levels •From files imported onto PCs from Total Stations, GPS receivers, data registries or digital levels •From .
First Steps The program is able to automatically create a mathematical model of the terrain as triangles, using points from surveys run with the Total Station or GPS receiver, or from graphic points or noted coordinates. Beginning with the mathematical model of the terrain, level curves can be automatically created: the user must only insert the value of the equidistant, the notable equidistant and the rounding factor of the spline.
First Steps Figure 32: Inserting a Job •The TS data can be organized in one or more Jobs. •To insert one or more Jobs, the user must activate the TS Data View and add one or more lines using the Insert|Add row and/or Insert|Insert row commands. •The Insert|Add row command is used to insert the first line and, when there are already other lines, it will insert a line under the current one. •The Insert|Insert row command allows the user to insert a line above the current one.
First Steps In the example above, a Job has been added. Inserting a Station Jobs in the TS data can be organized in one or more Stations. To insert one or more Stations, the user must: •Activate the Job View used to insert the Stations; •Use the Insert|Add row and/or Insert|Insert row commands; the functionality of these commands is the same as that for inserting Jobs. Figure 34: In the example seen on the previous page, three Stations have been associated to the JOB1 Job.
First Steps Figure 35: The TS data is associated to each point where the data associated with the point is summarized. Once the booklet is edited, Orientation Points can be inserted. These points must be inserted into the Points page in the Control points view that opens by expanding the node corresponding to the Known points data in the navigation tree; the points can be inserted manually using the commands available for inserting data in the TS data.
First Steps Inserting Data from Instrument In regard to inserting instrument data, the operations to run are as follows: 1.Create a new document; 2.Select the item TS Data from the navigation tree view; 3.Run the Insert|Instrument Data... command. Using this command will activate a guided procedure where the user can insert all of the information needed for transmitting data from the instrument to the PC and, the option to save the specified profile so as to reuse it again in another transmission.
First Steps Figure 38: Note that “Description of Modify Menu Commands” on page 47 has a brief description of the various functions included for changing and searching data. Elaborate a TS Data The following section describes 2D and 3D elaboration. 2D Elaboration: example Celer2D,gpo This example shows the elaboration of a layout survey with open polygonal and orientation referring to noted coordinate points.
First Steps Figure 39: Click on the Options button to check the options for the elaboration associated with automatically recognizing codes and checking tolerances. This information can be changed only at the beginning of the elaboration. Figure 40: The second window shows an analysis of the Celerimetric Booklet data (number of stations included, number of points with a certain code and their validity, any presence of duplicate points and/or stations, etc.).
First Steps Figure 41: Here following are the code descriptions that can be assigned to the points and that are used during the celerimetric calculation: HC (Horizontal Control point) - The Point “seen” is actually an Orientation Point and will be used by the program to orient the Station from which it is “seen”. VC (Vertical Control point) - The Point “seen” is actually a Quote Point and will be used by the program to quote the Station from which it is “seen”.
First Steps Figure 42: At this point, the next window is Options for the next computations where the user can make selections that will be used in the next steps of the elaboration. Given that this is a 2D work, the section associated with calculating the quote is deactivated. Figure 43: After pressing Next the roto-translation calculation is displayed with its associated discards. The coordinates of the fiducial points can be excluded from the calculation by deselecting the associated box.
First Steps Figure 44: The next window shows the coordinates of the calculated stations. Figure 45: To complete the elaboration, press Completed. To view the final result, click on the CAD item in the navigation tree.
First Steps Figure 46: The final result of the elaboration: Figure 47: 3D Elaboration: example Countors.gpo This example shows the elaboration of a plano-altimetric survey with closed polygonal and orientation referring to local coordinates. The first window that appears is similar to the one described in the 2D elaboration.
First Steps Figure 48: In the Analysis of data window the program will mark the stations present, any polygonal wearing (TR) and the detail points in the survey. Figure 49: Given that it is not dependent on orientation points and noted quote points, the surveys cannot be oriented or quoted with noted references.
First Steps Figure 50: At this point, the user can set the various options for the elaboration. In our example, we selected Manual Input, which also happens to be the only possible selection. Figure 51: In the Manual entry of Station coordinates window, the user inputs the associated coordinates, the azimuth correction and the quote of a station by following the indicated instruction, for the Station 100 as well as the Station 200.
First Steps Figure 52: The next windows display the intermediate results of the elaboration on the layout compensation of the polygonal and the altimetric compensation. Figure 53: The Results of the Elaborations window shows the coordinates and quotes of the stations.
First Steps Figure 54: If the TS data has already been elaborated previously and there are specific entities found in the file, then a window will appear in which the user can select whether to modify the position of these entities (that is, roto-translate them) based in the re-elaboration run on the TS data. A check box is included for each type of entity, used to decide whether or not to roto-translate.
First Steps Figure 56: The final result of the elaboration: Figure 57: Elaborate a TS Data 1020509-01 36
First Steps TS data: output Once the TS data item is selected from the navigation tree, select the Output menu. The procedures in this menu are used to print or transfer to other programs the data found in the TS data and the results of any elaborations executed. Figure 58: Here following is a short description of the primary print functions. •Output Menu|TS data|Print All Stations: select this to print the measurement booklet of all stations.
First Steps Figure 59: Create a GPS data The first step is to run the File|New command. The program opens a new document and assigns it a default name (Document1); General is the first displayed view. Figure 60: Inserting a Group The GPS data can be organized in one or more Groups. •To insert one or more Groups, the user must activate the GPS data view and add one or more lines using the Insert|Add row and/or Insert|Insert row commands.
First Steps Inserting a Group Point •Groups that comprise the GPS data can contain multiple points. •To insert a point, the user must activate the corresponding Group View and use the Insert|Add row and/or Insert|Insert row commands (the functionality of these commands is the same as that for inserting Groups). Figure 61: In the example below, various Points have been added with the associated data.
First Steps The GPS Point view is associated to each point where the data associated with the point is summarized. Figure 63: Similar to the TS data, once the GPS data is edited, Orientation Points can be inserted. Change a GPS data The GPS data can be changed using the commands found in the Modify menu or in the context menu activated by clicking the right mouse button on the booklet.
The command to elaborate the GPS data is Computation|Projection computation activated from the Groups View. This chapter will illustrate the functionality of the procedure referencing as an example “ExampleGps.fw1” in which various phases of the procedure are explained. The image below shows the first window displayed by the procedure, used to: -Indicate the Groups on which to run the calculation; -Request elaboration of the TS data if present.
First Steps Figure 66: Press the Next> button in the Planimetric projection and in the Vertical projection windows to respectively select the type of projection whether horizontal or vertical.
First Steps Figure 68: Moving forward, a window will appear with the lists of points that have been coded HC automatically or by the user and their horizontal localization will run. For this type of calculation, at least two GPS points are needed or, for mixed calculation, two celerimetric points whose coordinates are identified in the reference plane where all of the GPS Groups or selected TS Jobs points are to be roto-translated.
First Steps Figure 70: Next, the program checks to see if the GPS data has already been elaborated. If so, then it checks for the presence of other entities in the file and displays a window where the user can select whether to change the position of the entities (roto-translate) based on the re-elaboration run previously. Figure 71: At the end of the procedure, a last window will appear where the user must press the Complete button to run the real and true calculation of the points.
First Steps Figure 72: GPS data: output Once the GPS data item is selected from the navigation tree, select the Output menu. The procedures in this menu are used to print the data found in the GPS data and the results of any elaborations executed. Figure 73: Here following is a short description of the primary print functions: • Output Menu|GPS data|Print All Groups: select this to print the measurement of all points.
First Steps • Output Menu|Free Format|Print with Selected Groups: executing this command the program will open a window allowing the user to select groups to print. Figure 74: Print Component Once the printing is activated, a print preview will appear that can be used to customize the printout.
First Steps The Style page allows the user to: 1.select the style; 2.select the model; 3.establish whether to insert the page heading of the document to print and, potentially in what manner. In regard to the Format page, it has the following: 1.allows the user to set the margins (as in the old component) and establish the page orientation. 2.one element more than the old component which is whether or not to activate borders.
First Steps Copy Object Function: this is used to copy one or more objects to bring them into other files or jobs/stations. The objects that can be copied are jobs, stations and celerimetric points. Add Object for Measure Function: this is used to add one or more copied/cut objects into other files or jobs keeping the measures constant. The objects that can be added for measure are jobs, stations and celerimetric points.
Sort Table Function: this is used to shuffle the order that the Stations or Points (depending on the selected view) appear in the table. Once the procedure is launched, a window will appear used to insert the options for ordering. In particular, the user can select whether to order the entire table or only those selected lines. Also, the user can select to take into account or not any differences between capitals and lower case.
TS Data TS Data Views The TS Data is structured in one or more jobs associated with the stations with the respective measured points; the jobs are listed under the Jobs page and can be activated by selecting the TS Data node. Each job can be associated with the following information: • NAME (alpha-numeric); • OPERATOR (alpha-numeric); • INSTRUMENT (alpha-numeric); • DATE (alpha-numeric); • NUMBER of the STATIONS INCLUDED IN THE JOB (numeric); • NUMBER of the TOTAL POINTS INCLUDED IN THE JOB (numeric).
TS Data Figure 77: 1. The Stations page that includes the following data: station name, identification, temperature, pressure, instrument height and number of points seen by the station. 2. The Codes page where the first column displays the name of the station and the other columns display the list of codes that may be activated/deactivated using the check box. These codes are used for the celerimetric calculation as well as for other purposes. 3.
TS Data Note that in these views the altimetric information (instrumental height for the Stations page and quote for the Coordinates page) will not be found if the Survey type option of the Celerimetric page in the Options|General Options command is set at 2D. Extend the node corresponding to a job to list its stations.
TS Data Figure 80: Finally, the Coordinates page includes the data obtained from elaborating the measures (using the Computation|Automatic Celerimetric command) including the point coordinates. In this case too, the altimetric information will not be displayed if the Survey type option of the Celerimetric page in the Options|General Options command is set at 2D. Figure 81: Expanding the node of a Station in the navigation tree, all of the points measured from the station will be listed.
TS Data The first, called General includes all of the fields corresponding to the measurements, coordinates, codes, notes and any drafts associated with the point itself. Figure 82: The GIS Data page includes the GIS data associated with the point once the theme has been defined (in turn, once the theme is associated, it must be associated with a table). To work on the GIS entities, proceed to the CAD View and use the commands found in the GIS menu.
TS Data Creating TS Data Manually The following sections describe how to create TS Data manually. Creating a job To insert a job the user must: 1. Open the Jobs page from the navigation tree by clicking on the TS Data item. 2. Use the Insert|Add Row command to insert the first row and, once some lines have been added, insert a row under the current one. Another command that can be used (only if rows have already been inserted) is the Insert|Insert Row that is used to insert a row above the current one. 3.
TS Data Figure 85: Creating a celerimetric point To insert a celerimetric point, click in the navigation tree on a station where it is to be added and work in the Station View using the commands available for inserting stations and jobs. Each row corresponds to a celerimetric point. Once the celerimetric point is inserted, its information can be edited using the specific grid or view activated by selecting it from the navigation tree (see the images below).
the clipboard; the function is active only if a cell or group of cells has been selected; select the row or cells to be cut, press CTRL+X or click on Cut from the Modify or Context menu. • Copy Function: copy the selection from the active document (selected cells) and insert it into the clipboard; the function is active only if a cell or group of cells has been selected; select the row or cells to be copied, press CTRL+C or click on Copy from the Modify menu.
TS Data • Find Next Function: this procedure is used to automatically repeat the search operation on a Point in the data view without having to reopen the window to insert data. This functionality can be very helpful when searching for another Point with the same Point Name and/or Code found previously by means of the Find in Data function. This procedure can be launched even by simply pressing the F3 button on the keyboard. • Find in CAD Function: this procedure is used to find a Point in the CAD View.
TS Data Importing Data from Instrument Using the command Insert|Data Instrument... menu, the user can import the data stored in the instrument. Figure 87: The procedure will display existing profiles upon launch. Profiles can be selected for any changes or to directly run the data transfer operation by pressing the Import button. The Details button will display the profile characteristics, while the Large Icons button will return to displaying only the icons.
TS Data Figure 88: In the next window the user must select the brand and model of the instrument used. Figure 89: Once the instrument is selected, the data download speed (for those instruments that allow it) and the serial port used for the connection from the instrument to the computer must be set.
TS Data Figure 90: On the next page the type of conversion must be indicated: Convert, No Convert, Ask the user whether to convert. These options are used to decide whether to automatically insert or not the data imported from the instrument into the TS Data or to have a window appear for the selection.
TS Data Figure 92: At this point the program will display a series of windows showing the user all of the steps necessary to run the setting of the instrument to execute the proper data import. The image below shows the window if the instrument is SOKKIA SET.
TS Data At the end of the import the data can be saved in the format received; furthermore, if the convert imported data was selected, the result of the import can be seen directly in the TS Data view. Figure 94: File Menu|Import Command Once the command is selected, a drop down menu will appear with the name of the file formats that can be converted. The currently supported formats are: Topcon (.SRC), GTS-500-600-700-800/AP-L1/GMT 100 (.GT7), GPT-7000 (.TLSV), Sokkia (.SDR).
TS Data Celerimetric Computation The program offers a guided procedure for running the Celerimetric Computation (Computation |Automatic Celerimetric command) requiring a minimal intervention from the user thanks to the following elements: 1. Have available a series of codes to assign to the detail points; 2. Be able to automate code recognition; 3. Be able to interrupt, restart and change the calculation at any moment.
TS Data Figure 97: Step 2 - Preliminary Verification of Prism Heights If the tolerances control is activated, press the Forward> button to open the Show Intermediate Results window where the user can check the prism heights. The window can be extended to the entire screen using the Expand button.
TS Data Step 3 - Data Analysis In this step the program displays the results of the Points or Stations analysis found in the selected jobs, required for the calculation using the Analysis of data window. Figure 99: Step 4 - Calculating Double Points and Polygonals In this step the program tracks the Points with the same Code and Name, belonging to the same Station or Stations with the same name, considering them double.
Only if the tolerances have been activated and if out of tolerance values have been found, the program will display these values. Step 5 - Preliminary Calculation of Station Azimuth The calculation of the azimuth corrections for the duplicate stations is displayed separating the duplicate Stations with the shared Points from those without shared Points.
TS Data Figure 102: Step 7 - Option for the next computation In step 7 the program requires options to be used in continuing the calculations. In regard to the significance of the various options, for example it will be possible to orient the Stations from HC points using the Snellius or Ex-Centro methods automatically or interactively. Furthermore, it is possible to decide whether to print the results or not.
TS Data Figure 103: Step 8 - Station Orientation Analysis Calculation of the station orientation uses the Ex-Centro or Snellius methods and will be run only if the data allow this kind of calculation. For each station, a window will appear where the user can select the method to use. The functionality of this window depends on the selections made in the previous window.
TS Data Step 9 - Roto-Translation Calculation The roto-translation calculation includes orientation of one or more stations simultaneously. Even in this case, the calculation will be run only if the data allow it. In this window the list of orientation points is displayed and it is possible to select which one to exclude from the calculation.
TS Data Figure 106: Step 11 - Inputting Data from Keyboard This step is run from the program only when the option to input the orientation of one or more Stations from the keyboard has been selected. Also, the program displays the list of Stations that can be selected to assign the values from the keyboard. To assign typed data to the Station, the user must press the Assign values button.
TS Data Step 12 - Polygonal Calculation To run orientation of the Stations in polygonal two Stations must “see” each other, that is, the two respective horizontal angles must be measured. If outcomes for Step 7 of the procedure have been set for display, the program will display the results of the calculation in this window. For each calculated polygonal, the angular tolerance and closure line values are also displayed.
TS Data Figure 109: Step 13 - Isolated Station Calculation During this step the Isolated Station coordinates and quotes are calculated. That is, those Stations not oriented or quoted with any of the previous methods but for which there is a reciprocal “view” from one that is already oriented or quoted. No particular window is displayed. Step 14 - OC Points Elaboration This step is executed only if OC points are found in the Jobs selected for elaboration.
TS Data Figure 110: Step 16 - Rigorous Compensation Results This step conducts the rigorous compensation and the program will report the calculation results in the View Intermediate Results window. Figure 111: Step 17 - Final Results In the Results of Elaborations Executed window, the program displays the final results of the layout and altimetric elaborations on the Stations found in the considered Jobs, identifying the type of coordinates or quote calculation.
TS Data Figure 112: Step 18 - Detail Points Elaboration The program now progresses to the orientation and calculation of the quote of the individual Points seen from each of the Stations oriented previously. During this step, Points with IE codes (Inaccessible Elevation) are elaborated in a particular manner.
TS Data Figure 113: The program displays any out of tolerances for FI Points if the tolerance check was activated during the initial step of the Celerimetric Calculation. As in the case of other duplicate Points, in the case of FI Points too, the values are averaged and assigned only to the first of these Points found in the archive. Figure 114: Step 19 - Any Roto-Translations of Various Entities The program checks to see if the TS Data has already been elaborated.
TS Data Figure 115: Step 20 - Final Confirmation of Calculation Executed Here is the final step of the celerimetric calculation. It is also possible in this step to go back using the specific button to review counts or potentially run changes to the calculation options. Also, a Cancel button is available to exit from the procedure without any effect on the document.
TS Data Manual Input The manual input is used primarily to work with local orientation or for a preview of the surveys. In the Options for the next computations window, input Yes in the section Manual Input. If the user wants to edit the quotes too, follow the same procedure in the ELEVATIONS section. Press the Forward button to open the window allowing insertion of the data associated with the stations.
TS Data Figure 118: Moving forward with the guided procedure brings the user to the final window and by pressing the Complete button, the calculation will finish transferring the data to the TS data. The results can be viewed also graphically. Figure 119: Elaboration with HC and VC Codes The points coded as HC are used for orienting the layout surveys when the user wants a highly precise system of reference identified by the Orientation Points.
TS Data The points coded as VC are used to orient the surveys in altimetry compared to various benchmarks; a point can be coded HC as well as VC. Figure 120: The program uses points coded as HC for three types of orientation: • Snellius: a Station, to be oriented this way, must have at least 3 points coded as HC and all of them observed as only angles and not as distance.
TS Data The identified HC and VC points are displayed in the Data Analysis window of the procedure; also, for each one of these, the validity for the calculation is indicated. Figure 121: Proceeding with the elaboration will progress to the window where the stations are analyzed. The image below shows that the station used can be oriented by layout using the Roto-Translation method with can be quoted.
TS Data Figure 123: At this point, proceed with the Roto-Translation calculation; this calculation can be done in two ways: using the fixed method or the one with least square (in this case the second was selected). To run the calculation the program uses the HC points that are summarized in the upper part of the window; some may be unused (that is, deselected) by the user.
TS Data The point search can be done automatically (selecting the Yes option in the Search Codes section of the Computation Options window) or manually. In the first case, the program will automatically associate Stations and Detail Points with the same names (in this case it is not required that the detail points are coded as TR); Figure 125: In the second case, the calculation procedure will only use those points coded as TR.
TS Data After selecting the type of orientation in the Options for the next computation, the program will display the result of the polygonal calculation for layout as well as altimetry. Only the following are displayed: •Closed polygonals (those that end on the same Station which is deemed independently orientable); •Those constrained at the ends (those that end on two orientable Stations). Figure 127: The image below displays the graphic result of the celerimetric calculation.
TS Data Forward Intersection The FI code is used when an inaccessible point has been hit by at least two stations or when only the vertical and horizontal angles have been measured and not the distance; this code is inserted specifically because there is the option to apply an automatic search. Figure 129: Once the Celerimetric Calculation has been launched, tell the program to run checks on the tolerances and other checks using the Elaboration Options window.
TS Data The image below displays the window seen when tolerances have not been respected. The results can be seen in a larger window by pressing the Expand button. Figure 131: Connecting Two Surveys Two surveys can be connected in two different ways: •When there is a shared Station and at least one point has been observed by both Stations (used, for example, in a suspension of the survey). •Using OC and HC/VC codes (used, for example when two Stations are to be connected and they don’t “see” each other).
TS Data Figure 132: The OC and HC/VC codes are used if the surveys have no shared Stations, but there are at least two detail points observed in both surveys. In this case, additional information must be inserted into the document. At the beginning it must be established which of the two surveys can be individually oriented; in this case, the orientation can be done either using the Orientation Points or by inserting the station coordinates during execution of the Celerimetric Calculation (manual input).
TS Data Running the Celerimetric Computation will bring the user to the Analysis of data page where the program notifies the user that points with HC, VC and OC codes have been identified; all of these points are considered valid. Figure 134: In the Station Analysis window those stations that cannot be orientable or quotable are identified.
TS Data Figure 136: Then the user arrives at the Roto-Translation Calculation. At the end of the first step in the Celerimetric Calculation, when the Station 100 coordinates are inserted, the coordinates for points 101 and 102 are calculated. At the second step of the Calculation, the coordinates of points 101 and 102 are used to orient Station 200 using the Roto-Translation method. Figure 137: The result of the elaborations executed is shown in the image below.
TS Data Figure 138: Using SL, EL and CL Codes The SL, EL and CL codes are used to graphically design polylines connecting successive points found in the booklet. The SL code signifies Start Line and is used to initiate the polyline; the EL signifies End Line and is used to terminate the polyline. In the example shown in the image, point 137 is coded as SL and point 142 is coded as EL.
TS Data The CL code means Close Line and is used to terminate and close the polyline. In the following example, point 142 is coded as CL and the polyline is seen closed. Figure 140: The Transform into Graphic Lines function, found on the Survey|SL-EL-CL-LD Codes menu transforms lines derived from these codes into graphic polylines. These graphic polylines can be handled easily as graphic entities; also, if changes are made on the booklet, they are not updated automatically.
TS Data Figure 141: Exporting Data to Instrument The Output|To Instrument... command is used to transfer data to the instrument; the program offers the user a guided procedure for inserting all of the information needed for transmitting the data. The settings selected for exporting and the type of instrument used can be stored in a profile and used again for a subsequent export.
TS Data This window is used to create a new profile or use one that has already been created. To use an already created profile, just select it or press the Export button; to create a new one, just select the New icon and press the Next button. Figure 143: The next window is used to tell the program which type of instrument by specifying the brand and model.
TS Data Figure 145: Moving forward in the procedure, the user will arrive to a window that lists those already created profiles and where it is possible to save the created profile. Then there are windows that display the details to continue with the exporting of data to the selected instrument. The last window suggested by the procedure, finally, displays the result of the transmission; if it did not execute successfully, the user can apply the Retry command to send it again.
TS Data File Menu|Export This command includes a series of commands used to save the work in particular formats usable by other programs or instruments. These are: 1. TS Data: this is used to create a report of the measures. Figure 147: 2. Celerimetric: this allows the user to create a file where the celerimetric calculation results are reported.
TS Data 3. Free format: this procedure is used to create a file with selection of data from the TS Data and/or results from the Celerimetric Calculation. The selection of data and decimal numbers to use can be made using the Options|Print Options command. 4. File of Coordinates: this procedure is used to create a file by selecting the variables and their order. Once this procedure is activated, a window will appear in which to select the variables to be inserted into the file to create.
TS Data Figure 150: The Print All Stations command creates a printout of all stations existing while the Print with Station Selection command offers the user the option (using the specific window shown here below) to use the mouse to select which station to print. Figure 151: In both cases, a preview is created where the user can confirm or modify (using the specific functions offered by the program’s print module) the produced outcomes.
TS Data Figure 152: The image below shows the printout of all stations in the Celerimetric Booklet as Free Format. Figure 153: Details Code Meanings: see the “Introduction” section of the Base course or the program’s online guide, “Point Codes” chapter. GIS: refer to the program’s online guide, GIS menu in the Graphic View.
TS Data Creating Design Models: see the “CAD View” section of the Base course or the program’s online guide, CAD View|Format menu. Modify Menu: refer to the program’s online guide, Modify Menu in the Numeric Views. Common Points: see the document in the “How to...” section of the program’s online guide. Free Format: see the Print Module section of the base course or the program's online guide File|Export menu or the Output Menu in the TS Data View or the Settings Menu (Print Options).
GPS Data GPS Data Views The GPS Data is the display of information collected through a GPS receiver. This part of the document is used to archive one or more Groups, which in turn contain the data associated with a certain number of measured points. To display the archived data, click the left mouse button on the GPS data node or nodes they produce (Groups) in the navigation tree of the document or drag the node into the display area, keeping the left mouse button held down.
GPS Data 2.Base Station Page : •Group name (alpha-numeric). •Base station name (alpha-numeric). •Base station latitude (numeric). •Base station longitude (numeric). •Base station elevation (numeric). •Ground elevation (numeric). •Antenna height (numeric). 3.Pla. Coord. Page •Group name (alpha-numeric). •Base station name (alpha-numeric). •Coordinate - North of base station (numeric). •Coordinate - East of base station (numeric). •Elevation of Base station (numeric). 4.
GPS Data •Sur. type; •Receiver type; •Description; Select the node corresponding to a group and the Group view will open. Figure 155: This view includes six pages. In the page under the name GPS Coord. the columns included are: 1.Name/Number (alpha-numeric). 2.Description (alpha-numeric). 3.Latitude (numeric). 4.Longitude (numeric). 5.CF elevation (numeric). 6.Ground Elevation (numeric). 7.Antenna height (numeric). 8.Quality. 9.Comment. 10.Notes. 11.Sketch.
GPS Data 12.Photo1. 13.Photo2. In the page under the name WGS84. Coord. the columns included are: 1.Name/Number (alpha-numeric). 2.Description (alpha-numeric). 3.Latitude (numeric). 4.Longitude (numeric). 5.CF elevation (numeric). 6.Geoc. X. 7.Geoc. Y. 8.Geoc. Z. 9.Antenna height (numeric). 10.Quality. In the page under the name Codes, the columns included are: 1.Name/Number (alpha-numeric) cannot be modified on this page. 2.Description (alpha-numeric). 3.Model (alpha-numeric). 4.GIS theme. 5.
GPS Data In the page under the name Precision, the columns included are: 1.Name/Number (alpha-numeric). 2.SQM horizontal (numeric). 3.SQM vertical (numeric). 4.PDOP (numeric) 5.GDOP (numeric) 6.Covariance XX (numeric) 7.Covariance XY (numeric) 8.Covariance XZ (numeric) 9.Covariance YY (numeric) 10.Covariance YZ (numeric) 11.Covariance ZZ (numeric) In the page under the name Other, the columns included are: 1.Name/Number (alpha-numeric). 2.Date (numeric day-month-year, all at two digits). 3.
GPS Data Figure 156: The GIS data is included on the GIS data page (again given that the association with the corresponding database has been executed).
•use the Insert|Add row command to insert the first line and, once some lines have been added, insert a line under the current one. •another command that can be used (only if lines have already been inserted) is the Insert|Insert row that is used to insert a line above the current one. To create a GPS point, the user must work within the pages corresponding to the node of the group where the point will be inserted and use the same commands offered for the groups.
GPS Data Figure 158: Import 3d Office - Control file (.GC3) This function is used to import control points from a file in GC3 format. When this command is activated, the file name to open is requested.
GPS Data •A GPS point, inserted into the just created group, if there are geographic coordinates present. •An orientation point, if the plane coordinates are present. Computation| Projections computation This command, activated from the Computation menu in the GPS data view, is used to set the type of projection to be used for transforming the geographic coordinates into plane and altimetric coordinates through a guided procedure.
GPS Data Figure 161: Continuing in the guided procedure, a page will appear in which the user can insert certain options: •Read from file: this option is used to select whether to read the values used in the projection from a file saved at the end of a previous calculation onto another file. Placing a check mark in this box will activate the edit box found under the “...” button. Press this button to select the file from which to take the values for the calculation.
1. Using 7 parameters: in this case, the user must insert the conversion parameters from/to WGS 84. Figure 163: 2.From geographic orientation points: this transformation is automatic and the results (including the discards and translation values) are posted in the window seen here below activated by pressing the Next> button in the Calculate projections: calculation options window.
The next window is used to select, respectively, the type of horizontal and vertical projection. Figure 165: The selections available for the horizontal projection are: Plane localization: Control points For this type of calculation, at least two GPS points are needed or, for mixed calculation, two TS points whose coordinates are identified in the reference plane where all of the GPS Groups or selected TS Jobs points are to be roto-translated.
GPS Data Figure 166: Click on the small box to either remove or replace the check mark to include or not the point in the calculation. If at least two were found and used then the calculation can be executed. This will be appropriately highlighted in the Results section of the window. In the same section the average and maximum discards will be identified along with the scale and rotation angle calculated. Alongside each point the corresponding discard will be indicated.
GPS Data Figure 167: The selections available for the vertical projection are: Quote localization: Control Pt. For this type of calculation, at least one GPS point is needed whose quote is identified in the reference system in which the selected GPS Groups points are being calculated. A window will open, similar to the one that appears by selecting Localization plane: Control points in regard to its functionality as well as in regard to the system of point colors.
GPS Data Figure 168: Quote localization: Data entry A window will open whose functionality is similar to the one that appears when selecting the Localization plane option: Calculation. The only difference is in the fact that in this case, for the desired point, a quote value is inserted while for the other, the North and East coordinates are inserted.
GPS Data Ellipsoid height In this case, the ellipsoid quote assigned to the points is used. Any Roto-Translations of Various Entities The program checks to see if the GPS Booklet has already been elaborated.
GPS Data Figure 171: Output The Output Menu in the GPS data includes two commands: •Gps data|Print all groups •Gps data Print with select groups offers the user the option (through the specific window) to use the mouse to select which station to print.
The Settings|Print Options command is used to also define the free format to be applied if the user wants to also produce an outcome of the File data (File|Export|Free format command). Figure 173: Output 1020509-01 117 GPS Data The GPS groups can be printed also according to a free format defined by using the Settings|Print Options command. For this type of print the user can also select whether to print all groups or just some.
GPS Data File|Export Figure 174: GPS data: by running the File|Export|GPS data the user can export the GPS data in file by selecting the file name and save path through the specific window.
Figure 176: Once the command is run, a window will appear used to insert the information for creating the file. The left part of the window shows the list of fields available to export. To make the export effective, the user must select the desired field and then press the “>>” button. A new line will be inserted into the list shown in the right part of the window. Selecting a line from list on the right and pressing the “<<” button will instead eliminate that field from export.
GPS Data Figure 177: File of coordinates: this procedure is used to create a file by selecting the variables and their order. The file will take into account the results of the Projection calculation run on the GPS data. Once this procedure is activated, a window will appear in which to select the variables to be inserted into the file to create. It is also possible here to select the number of decimals, the separator between one datum and another and whether to include names among the double apexes.
Details Code Meanings: see the “Introduction” section of the Base course or the program’s online guide, “Point Codes” document. Run the projection calculation: see the online guide GPS data View Elaboration Menu. GIS: refer to the program’s online guide, CAD View|GIS menu. Creating Design Models: see the “CAD View” section of the Base course or the program’s online guide, CAD View|Format menu. Modify Menu: refer to the program’s online guide, Modify Menu (Numeric Views).
Post Processing Post Processing Calculation Introduction This chapter will outline the Post Processing Calculation with an example file (PP-10.gpf) created with the Geopro Field program. All the same, note that the calculation can be run also through other data acquisition methods, for example, data stored directly within Sokkia/Topcon receivers in TPS format, or using RINEX, RINEX-Hatanaka and compressed files obtained from other receivers.
Post Processing The table columns are: • Used.
Post Processing Figure 181: The information that the receiver tends to recover from the loaded file and displaying it can be changed by the user. Press the Add button in the Step 1 window to open another window used to select the file to be used for the calculation. These files may contain data in various formats such as .tps, RINEX, RINEXHatanaka and compressed files. The Eliminate button is used to eliminate a previously selected file from the calculation.
Post Processing Figure 182: After selecting the desired file (in format .tps, RINEX, RINEX-Hatanaka and compressed files) the Add button will activate Step 2 where the user must select the exact coordinates of the Base corresponding to the just added file. Figure 183: This window is used to select the method to select/insert coordinates to be considered as exact for the inserted Base point.
Post Processing The right part of the window shows the information on the antenna used. Figure 184: This last information is identical to what is shown in the window associated with Step 2 and can, as selected, be changed in this or the other window. In the illustrated example the Null antenna is selected. As such, the value 0 is inserted for the height and set as the vertical measurement.
Post Processing Figure 185: The choices available for the selection of exact coordinates of the inserted base are: 1.Association with a Localization Point / Insert New Point. Executing this selection and pressing the Next> button will proceed to Step 2b where the user can select one of the Orientation Points in geographic coordinates or insert a new one. The coordinates of this point will be used as the exact ones for the inserted Base point. 2.Present values in the selected File.
Post Processing Figure 186: Completing Step 2c, press Next> to return to Step 2. The Change Coordinate button is used to change the coordinates selected for a specific Base point already inserted into the list. The functionality of this button is similar to the Add button, only that it does not allow the selection of a new file but rather acts directly on the file corresponding to the line selected and will activate Step 2a.
Post Processing Step 2b - Select Coordinates for Base from Orientation Points The list above displays all of the Orientation Points in geographic coordinates found in the open survey. These are points that can be consulted and edited in the Geographic Points page corresponding to the Known points data |Control Points node of the navigation tree. To select the desired point, place the check mark in the associated box of the Sel. column.
Then the program returns to the previous window where this new point is displayed along with any others. Figure 189: Step 2c - Select Coordinates for Base from RTK Stations Present in Open Work The functionality of this window is similar to the one used in Step 2b. However, the RTK base stations present in the open work are displayed instead of the Orientation Points. Further, the Add button is not available as new stations cannot be added.
Post Processing Figure 190: Step 3: Calculate Base Line The Post Processing calculation is activated automatically when it is launched and the bar, found on the lower part of the window, displays the percentage of calculation completed. During this phase the user cannot execute any other operation.
The table above lists the Rover points inserted during Step 1, while the lower part displays the detailed results of the calculation for the point selected in the table. The green colored symbol found in the Elab. column of the table indicates that the elaboration was completed successfully; otherwise, it would be red. The Method column will display the calculation method used and as such an alarm symbol will appear if any of the following values is not in tolerance.
Post Processing Figure 193: It only needs one point that does not comply with the tolerances and the lower part of the window will display the text in red Attention! Some of the values calculated are out of tolerance!” It is advised to closely evaluate whether to continue anyway with the calculation procedure accepting the results. To activate the Post Processing calculation again, press the Compute button.
• Quality of the accepted calculation; the selectable values are: Only Fixed, Fixed and Float and Fixed, Float and Code; • The minimum acceptable horizontal accuracy; • The minimum acceptable vertical accuracy; • The maximum distance between Base and Rover; • Minimum hold time on an expressed point as minutes per km of Base-Rover distance. Figure 194: It is not advisable to change the first, fourth or fifth of these values as less restrictive than what is suggested.
Post Processing • In a single existing group to be specified; • In a new group to be created specifically for this. Figure 195: Original points are those points with the same name as the newly calculated points. They are, for example, those points measured with Mercurio/Pegaso using Points also in Post Processing mode. If the second option is selected then the Groups in Which to Create Points box will activate where the user can select the existing group to run the new point creation operation.
Figure 196: How to measure points from Geopro Field using “Points also in Post Processing” mode To set the Points also in Post Processing mode in Geopro Field, open the Opt. page in the currently displayed window during GPS data acquisition. More specifically, the user must select the item corresponding to the box found in the Acquisition Method square. The point holding time must also be set.
Post Processing Figure 197: Returning to the Point page the user can begin acquisition in both methods: RTK and Post Processing. For this purpose, press the Start button. In the Pass box the time elapsed will display, while the Rem box will display the time still remaining to wait on the point. Once this time is elapsed, the acquisition will automatically terminate.
Post Processing Figure 198: Because Geopro Field creates a folder with the same name as the .GPF file where the TPS format file is stored holding the data used for the Post Processing, for each point measured with this method, the user must remember to transfer onto the PC not only the .GPF file but this folder too.
Orientation Points Known and Control Point Data Known Coordinate points are very important and can be used: • In calculating triangles; • In calculating level curves; • In profiles; • In calculating volumes. Control Points are those coordinate or noted quote points that can be used in elaborating data. Known Points Data View The view associated with the Known points data is composed of just one page called Groups.
The Points page is used to verify/change the following information: name, coordinates, description, Comment, note, sketch and two photographs. Figure 200: On the Codes page, the user can: • select the design model to associated to the point in CAD View; if the model is not selected the the standard is used. To create design models the user must activate the Entity appearance command from the Format menu in CAD View. • insert the GIS theme (if defined).
Selecting a single point will display the view corresponding to the point which is also composed of two pages. On the General page the user can verify/change the data associated with the point itself. The GIS data is included on the GIS data page (again given that association with the GIS theme has been done). Figure 202: The Known points data node not only includes the various known coordinate points groups but it also houses the Control Points node.
Orientation Points Figure 203: Selecting the point from the navigation tree will open the Localization Point view where the user can display/edit the associated data. Figure 204: Insert and Change Known coordinates points To insert the known coordinate points the user must first create a group executing the following operations: • Open the Groups page from the navigation tree by clicking on the Known points data node.
Insert|Insert row that is used to insert a line above the current one. To create a known coordinate point, the user must work within the pages corresponding to the node of the group where the point will be inserted and use the same commands offered for the groups. Once the lines are inserted (corresponding to the noted coordinate points) the user can insert the data or edit it directly in the table or specific point view. Known coordinate points can be changed through the Modify menu functions.
File of coordinates The File of coordinates command is used to create a file by selecting the data to include and their order. Control Points The Control Points command is used to create a file with all the defined control points. 3D Office - Control File (.GC3) The outcomes to *.GC3 file (3D Office format from Topcon) is used to export the orientation points in .GC3 format.
Orientation Points Figure 205: The Print Localization Points command allows the user to print all of the control points found in the open file. Figure 206: Details Design Model: for greater detail on the Design Model refer to the Online Help CAD View Menu|Format|Entity Appearance. GIS: for greater detail on GIS, refer to the Online Help Graphic View Menu|GIS. Entity set: refer to the program’s online guide, Format|Entity sets.
Graphic View The program’s Graphic View offers the user a series of functionalities to handle graphic items, items associated with various books, DTM projects, Road projects, GIS projects, and images. The Graphic View makes it possible to use: • Property view; • Commands view; • Panoramic view; • Detail view; • Dynamic input.
Orientation Points • Run a rapid search - using the first button. Figure 208: The rapid selection command is very interesting in that not only does it make it possible to run a fast selection by specifying the characteristics of the item to search, but it also creates multiple selection groups. Below is a view of the window that will open for executing the command.
Orientation Points Figure 209: Commands View The Commands View offers the user a command line to run all of the menu commands in the Graphic View. Once the command has run, it is stored in a list that can be recalled by using the arrow buttons; the user can also use storable alias commands by using the General Options command (Alias page). Like the Property View, activation/deactivation of the view is done through the Commands View item on the View menu.
Orientation Points Figure 210: The Command View offers the user the most selection options: for example, during insertion of coordinates, use the ‘@’ symbol to specify that associated coordinates are being inserted and/or the ‘<’ symbol to indicate angles. During execution of the commands, it is also possible to use the booklet entity by editing it directly on the command line or by selecting it using the navigation tree view (if activated).
Orientation Points Figure 211: Dynamic input Activating this option during execution of Graphic View commands will display, near the cursor, a prompt of commands whose functions are similar to those of Commands View.
The following buttons are used in the dynamic input: – Down Arrow: to select the options available by the command. – TAB: used to move between edits and dynamic insertion. – ,: inserted coordinates will be Cartesian. – <: inserted coordinates will be polar. – #: inserted coordinates will be absolute type. – @: inserted coordinates will be relative type. – *: the value inserted will be considered as the name of the booklet points.
Orientation Points Figure 213: Example - draw a circle: 1.Using the dynamic input, recall the command from the Graphic View directly from the command line associated with the prompt. 2.Activating the command, the program will ask whether to specify the center of the circle (in this case the circle will be designed specifying the radius or diameter) or indicate using the Down Arrow button if using another method of design. Figure 214: 3.
Orientation Points 4.Then it will request selection of the second and third points. Figure 216: 5.Final result. Figure 217: Importing an AutoCAD file (.DXF/.DWG) The Program allows creation of a Celerimetric Booklet using a DXF/DWG file. After creating a new file, select the Graphic View and run the command: Menu File|Import AutoCad (.DXF/.DWG). The first thing the user must do is identify the file to import.
Otherwise, association can be done using a distance criteria or by selecting to in any case input a point corresponding to the text. Figure 219: Independently of the association method selected, the user can select the levels holding the points to be modified. Press the OK button and the program will proceed with the Import.
imported respectively as Internal Borders and External Borders. All of the other Entities that may belong to this same level are ignored. • DASH-NOR and DASH-SIG - The Polylines that belong to this level with this name are imported respectively as Dash Normal and Dash Significant. Beginning with these dashes, the splines will be calculated automatically. All of the other Entities that may belong to this same level are ignored.
Orientation Points Figure 221: Importing a Coordinate file Use the File|Import|Coordinate File menu command to insert the entities stored in a coordinates file into the Graphic View. Once the command is activated and the file to be imported is identified, the program will display the Initial Selections window.
Orientation Points Figure 222: If the Fixed Length Fields option is selected, the next window is used to set how many fields to be imported and the length of each one. This last piece of information must be inserted into the grid found in the upper part of the window while the lower part of the grid will display section by section the result obtained by the selected settings.
Orientation Points Figure 224: Using both selections will progress to a final window used to select, for each field, the variable used to associate it (Name, Code, North Coord., East Coord., Quote). To make the selection, click on the table heading: a list of possible variations will appear from which to select the one desired. The data found in the selected file divided into the specified fields will appear under each variable.
and 3d Office - TIN file (.TN3) File|Import| 3d Office-Linework file (.LN3): Use this command to import the graphic entities found within an LN3 file created from 3dOffice or Pocket3d into the open file. File|Import|3d Office-TIN file (.TN3): Use this command to import the triangulation found within a TN3 file created from 3dOffice or Pocket3d into the open file. A new DTM project will be created and named “3dOffice” wherein all of the triangles found in the file will be created.
Orientation Points Figure 227: 1.In Stations: this command is used to transform graphic points, noted coordinate points, GPS points and Line 5 points in Stations. Suppose the graphic point 700 in Station is to be transformed.
The No Orientation option of the window does not allow creating of an orientation; the second though, includes selection of a station to be used as a reference to conduct the orientation (in this case, two PO coded points will be created, one for each Station). The third option, finally, includes orientation by creating an Orientation Point with the same name and coordinates of the created Station.
Figure 230: Note that the Station created will be considered oriented. If the file is to be elaborated further, the presuppositions must be created (Orientation Points, Polygonal, etc.) so that its orientation is properly recalculated. The image below shows the result of the transformation.
Orientation Points Figure 231: 2.In Celerimetric Points: this command is used to transform graphic points, noted coordinate points, GPS points and Line 5 Pregeo points in the station’s detail points First of all, select the Station (ex. 200) to receive the transferred points using the mouse and pressing the left button.
Orientation Points Figure 232: Then select the graphic points, following the same methods outlined for selecting the Stations; the points can be selected one at a time or in groups using the selection rectangle.
Figure 234: At the point, the program will open the Transformation in Celerimetric Points window. The first part of the window shows a summary of the points selected while the second part allows the user to insert complementary data shared by the selected points.
Orientation Points Figure 235: 3.In Orientation Points: this command is used to transform graphic points, noted coordinate points, GPS points and Line 5 Pregeo points into orientation points The procedure to follow is very similar to the one outlined for transforming into celerimetric points: the only difference is that here there is no requirement to select the station.
Orientation Points Figure 236: After selecting the points (ex. 1, 2, 3) the right mouse button must be pressed to display the window summarizing the number of points selected and the request to confirm the transfer. Respond YES and verify the result of the transformation by going to View in the Coordinates Pt. Booklet, Orientation Points navigation tree. Figure 237: The image below shows the result of the transformation.
Orientation Points Figure 238: 4.In GPS Points: this command is used to transform graphic points, noted coordinate points and celerimetric points, Line 5 Pregeo points and station points into GPS points As in the orientation points, select the points (ex. 101, 102, 103, 104) in the Graphic View and then press the right mouse button to view the Transforming into GPS points window.
The transfer is completed when the Transfer button is pressed; to ensure that the transfer is executed properly it is important that the projection calculations have been done correctly. Figure 240: Figure 241: The image below shows the result of the transformation. 5.In Noted Points: this command is used to transform graphic points, celerimetric points, Line 5 Pregeo points, stations and GPS points into noted points In this case too, select the points in the Graphic View (ex.
Orientation Points Figure 242: Through the Transforming into Noted Coordinate Points window the user must identify the destination group for the selected points. If the group does not exist, the program will create it automatically. Figure 243: The image shows the result of the transformation.
Orientation Points Figure 244: Survey|Creating points The Graphic View offers a series of commands to design celerimetric , GPS, and noted coordinate points; to use them, access through the Survey|Creating points menu. Survey|Creating Points|Celerimetric. To create a celerimetric point, initially the station must be selected and then it must be designed as a graphic using the left mouse button.
Orientation Points Figure 245: Once the design is completed, the program will display the Creating celerimetric points window where the user can insert the information associated with the created point. After designing the point, press the Create button and verify the result as a graphic as well as in the Station view 100.
Orientation Points Figure 247: Survey|Creating Points|GPS To create a GPS point, it must be designed as a graphic using the left mouse button. Figure 248: Once the design is completed, the program will display the Creating GPS points window where the user can insert the information associated with the created point.
It is important to note that creating a GPS point results positively only when the projection calculation has been done. Figure 249: The following images will appear: Figure 250: Survey|Creating Points|Notes To create a Noted point, initially the station must be selected and then it must be designed as a graphic using the left mouse button.
Orientation Points Figure 251: Once the design is completed, the program will display the Creating noted points window where the user can insert the information associated with the created point. After designing the point, press the Create button and verify the result as a graphic as well as in the Coordinate Pt. Booklet, Group 100.
Orientation Points Figure 252: The following images will appear: Figure 253: Survey|Changing Booklet Entities The Graphic View allows for applying changes to the entities associated with the various booklets; to use these commands just proceed to the Higlighting|Changing Booklet Entities menu. Here following is a description of each one.
This procedure allows for editing of Celerimetric Points, GPS points and Noted Coordinate Points after having selected them using the graphic method. Depending on the point selected, a window displaying its information will appear. On the lower left of the window, use the Notes button to insert various notes associated with the point. Celerimetric Points Once the point is selected, the program will open a window made of 4 pages.
Orientation Points Figure 255: The third page is used to change the codes associated with the point. This procedure is found to be particularly useful to change the coding of the Points: for example, assign the NC code to those Points not to be considered in creating Triangles (Code Definition). Figure 256: The fourth page is used to change the GIS data associated with the point; this page is the same as the one for the GPS Points and the Noted Coordinates Points.
Orientation Points Figure 257: Celerimetric Points with IA or QI codes or Points with a duplicate “Name” inside the same Station cannot be edited in this mode; changing the points data using this procedure means that reelaboration of the data is not required. Figure 258: GPS Point The Change GPS Points window includes five pages. The following information can be edited in the Booklet Data page: – General information on the point; – Geographic coordinates; – Precision values.
Orientation Points Figure 259: Besides these, the user can also establish if the point is an emanation. Editing the geographic coordinates is done automatically when the geocentric and absolute coordinates are recalculated. Functionality of the Absolute Coordinates page is similar to the Booklet Data page with the only difference that the user can change the absolute coordinates. Changing of the absolute coordinates will trigger updating of the geographic and geocentric coordinates in real time.
Orientation Points Changing of the geocentric coordinates will trigger updating of the absolute and geographic coordinates in real time. The Codes page is used to change the codes associated with the point. Figure 261: The GIS Data page is used to change the GIS theme of the point. Figure 262: Changing the data using this procedure does not require re-elaboration.
This window includes two pages: The first page is used to change/confirm the coordinates of the booklet and the codes associated with the point. The second page is used to change the GIS Data. Figure 263: 2.Erase Points This function is used to erase Celerimetric, GPS and Noted Coordinate points. Once the selection of points is completed (ex.
Orientation Points Figure 264: The cancellation will take effect graphically as well as in the booklet that held the selected points.
This function is used to move Celerimetric, GPS and Noted Coordinate points. The entity can be selected by pressing the left mouse button; once the selection is made movement can be executed by using the free design instrument. Figure 266: The coordinates of the point will be updated automatically once the operation is completed; for Celerimetric Points, the measurements are also updated and for GPS Points, the geographic coordinates will also be updated.
Orientation Points Figure 267: 4.Move Celerimetric Stations Moving the stations is done similar to the way points are moved; the operation involves recalculating all of the celerimetric point measurements without changing the position. 5.Move GPS Base This command allows moving of the GPS base station by selecting a graphic or GPS point in the Graphic View.
Orientation Points Figure 268: Press Continue... and the user can select, through the Graphic View, the point where to set the GPS base station. To identify the position graphically, the Object Snap must be changed because the default command launches the connect to point Snap, while what we need must allow designing of the point graphically. Figure 269: In our example we selected to use free design.
Figure 270: By responding Yes, the Base 300 will be moved to the new point and will be assigned a quote equal to that of the closest GPS point. Figure 271: Example 2: move the GPS base with GPS point In this example it was decided to move the GPS station base 100 to point 108 and change the antenna height from 2.3 to 1.
Orientation Points Figure 272: After pressing Continue... the program will suggest Object Snap Connect to point and at this point it is possible to immediately select point 108. Figure 273: Once the selection of the point is completed, the program will display the window shown at the side to receive confirmation of the operation executed.
Orientation Points Figure 274: The final result is shown in the image below. Figure 275: 6.Move Texts This procedure is used to change the position of the texts (Name, Code, Identification, Comment, and Quote) associated with the Entities bearing the associated name. Once activated, a selection symbol will appear on the video (a small square) to be positioned on the text to be moved. With a mouse click, the text will be “captured” and its graphic position can be changed.
To proceed to the movement phase, press the right mouse button: the new text positions will be stored as positions relative to the point where the entity with the name is found. Thus, if the user proceeds with a new data elaboration, the texts previously moved will maintain their unchanged positions compared to the Entity to which they belong. The image shown below displays the selection phase for texts 102 and 104. Figure 276: This other image shows the results of the movement.
Orientation Points Figure 277: 7.Rotating Texts This procedure is used to rotate the direction of the texts (Name, Code, Identification, Comment, and Quote) associated with the Entities bearing the associated name. Once activated, a selection symbol will appear on the video (a small square) to be positioned on the text to be rotated. With a mouse click, the text will be “captured” and its graphic direction can be changed.
Thus, if the user proceeds with a new data elaboration, the texts previously rotated will maintain their unchanged directions compared to the Entity to which they belong. The image below shows the selection of the text; Figure 278: in this image instead, the result of the rotation can be seen. Figure 279: Survey|Changing Booklet Entities 1020509-01 192 Orientation Points The new rotation angles of the text will be stored in association with the Entities.
This procedure is used to change the design model of the entities that have an associated name. Once activated, a selection symbol will appear on the video (a small square) to be positioned on the entity whose design model is to be changed. If a click is made on any part of the graphic where there is no entity, the program will activate the by window selection modality to allow selecting of all the entities found within that window itself.
Orientation Points Figure 281: Once the ModelPoint3 model is selected, press the OK button to conclude the operation. Figure 282: The result will take effect graphically as well as in the views that include the selected points.
This function is used to changes the codes of one or more Celerimetric, GPS, and Noted Coordinate points. Once the procedure has been launched using the left mouse button, select the points whose codes are to be changed in the Graphic View. Once the operation is complete, press the right mouse button and the program will open the Select Codes window.
Figure 285: Searching Booklet Entities The Graphic View offers the following types of searches: • Find point in booklet: This procedure is used to highlight, after graphically selecting it, a Point within the corresponding view (Celerimetric Booklet, GPS Booklet, Coordinate Pt. Booklet). • Find point in graphic: activating this function will display the Search - Meridian window.
Orientation Points Figure 286: Entity Format - Appearance with Name The Format|Entity appearance with Name command was included specifically to have the user select how to design the various entities to which a name, a description and a quote are associated.
Orientation Points Figure 288: The navigation tree is composed of knots that represent the various entities. The entities that can be included in the list (the number and type depend on the license held by the program) are: • Celerimetric, • GPS, • Noted Coordinates Point • Pregeo Entities, • Map Extracted Entities, • Update Suggested Entities, • Graphics with Name, • Customized Models.
Model. • Default Values assigns standard values to the various fields for the selected Model; • Apply allows the application and observation of the changes made to the design without exiting the window; • OK and Cancel buttons close the window respectively maintaining or discarding any changes made. The window also allows selecting of multiple entities simultaneously using the Ctrl button and the left mouse buttons so as to set a characteristic shared by the selected entities.
The Save CFG List button is used to save the list of Models, shown in video, in the configuration file. Use the Load CFG List to recall the list of previously saved Models within an already created file. Figure 290: Description of Tabs Selecting a primary node (Celerimetric Entities, GPS Entities, ...) will display one unique tab called Various, while selecting a subnode or design model will display 4 tabs (Appearance, Text, Position, and Rotation).
If the check mark is placed in the box to the right of the text Color the same color as the symbol will be set for the various texts (name, ....); otherwise a different color for each of them can be assigned. If as a color DAPIANO or DABLOCCO is selected, then the buttons indicating the color for the design will appear as white crossed by vertical and diagonal lines.
Orientation Points Figure 292: The Position tab is used to select the symbol with which the Point’s position will be identified. The same tab is used to select the associated position of the various texts compared to the symbol; the values to input are the coefficients that the program will multiply by the dimensions of the associated text to calculate the position of the text.
Using the mechanism of the check boxes seen earlier, the user can input a different rotational value for the symbol and for the texts: for example, the symbol can remain horizontal while rotating just the texts. The rotational angle is expressed in the units of measure selected with the specific option.
Orientation Points Figure 295: GPS Entities Node offers only those options associated with the use of IL-FL-CL codes similar to the way the celerimetric entities can be associated with a color and thickness. Figure 296: PT Coordinates Entities Node offers only those options associated with the use of IL-FL-CL codes similar to the way the celerimetric entities can be associated with a color and thickness.
Orientation Points Figure 297: Pregeo Entities Node offers the option to select to display or not type 7 and type 3 lines; for type 3 lines a color can also be associated.
Orientation Points – whether to display or not the entire extract/suggestion. Figure 299: The Various tab does not include any options if the Graphic Entities with Name or Customized Model nodes have been selected. Calculate Area, Polar Coordinates, Show Coordinates and Show Distances Commands To access these functions just open the Instruments menu from the Graphic View; here following are their descriptions. 1.
This procedure is used to calculate and print the polar coordinates of a series of points selected as compared to another point. First step is to select the point from which to calculate the polar coordinates and then select the points for which the polar coordinates are to be identified. The program will video track the conjunction line of the first selected point with the subsequent ones. To terminate the selection press the right mouse button.
Orientation Points Press OK and the program will display the results in a print preview. Figure 303: 3.Calculate Areas This procedure is used to calculate the area of a surface, creating the outline of the border using the graphic selection of the vertex points. First step is to outline the surface whose area is to be calculated; if a closed polyline has already been selected when this procedure is to be executed, it will be considered as the perimeter of the surface.
Orientation Points Once the selection is completed, the results will be displayed using the Print Area window which displays not only the results but also allows them to be printed. Figure 305: 4.Show Coordinates This procedure is used to understand the coordinates, radius values or dimensions of a designed entity (Celerimetric, GPS, Noted Coordinates and Graphic).
Figure 307: Press the OK button and the window will close. The program will allow selection of another Entity; to terminate the selection, press the right mouse button. Figure 308: File Menu|Export This menu offers the following commands: Design on BMP file: A file is created that contains a BMP format image of all Entities designed as video. To select the name of the file a standard Windows window will open.
Also, this window is used to: • insert the number of decimals; • insert the separator between one datum and another; • specify whether to place the names between double apexes. Press the OK button and the program will display the preview of the file to be created. Figure 309: AutoCAD (.DXF/.DWG): use this option to create a file that can be read and used by the AUTOCAD program. To select the name of the file, a standard Windows window will open to select the files.
Figure 310: 3d Office-Point file (.PT3): this procedure is used to create a file by selecting the Celerimetric entities, GPS points and noted coordinate points and the points with the name in a PT3 file format for exchanging data with Pocket3d and 3d Office. Once the command is launched, select the entities to export; when the step is complete the name used to save the file will be requested.
Orientation Points Commands View: list of commands Commands in File Menu Command Action _impDxfDwg To import DXF/DWG files _impPnt To import Coordinate files _gisImpShape To import Shape files _ImpMapImage To import Pregeo images/maps _ImpImagePDF To import PDF images _ImpCxf To import CXF files _ImpLn3 To import - 3d Office - LineWork file (.LN3) _ImpTn3 To import - 3d Office - TIN file (.
Command Action _undo To erase last operation executed _redo To repeat last operation erased erase /_erase To erase an entity move / _move To move an entity copy / _copy To copy an entity reflect To reflect an entity scale / _scale To change the scale of an entity rotate / _rotate To rotate an entity _adapt2d To adapt graphic entities offset /_offset Object offsets MATCHPROP / _matchprop Correspondence with property _property To change the properties of the graphic entities eattedit
Command Action _redraw Redraw _regen Regenerate _zoompr View previous zoom _zoomrt View real time zoom _zoom View window zoom _zoomin Enlarge current design window _zoomout Decrease current design window _zoomex View max extension zoom _panrt View real time pan _pan To move the design window to display _panleft To move the window to the left _panright To move the window to the right _panup To move the window up _pandown To move the window down _3dplancurucs Set the level view
Command Action layer/_layer/ Select layer _laymcur Update entity plane _layiso Isolate entity plane _layuniso Cancel plane isolation _layoff Turn off entity plane _allLayon Turn on all planes _layfreeze Freeze entity plane _allLayThaw Unfreeze all planes _laylock Block entity plane _layunlock Unblock entity plane color / _color Select color _linetype Select line type _lweight Select line thickness style / _style Select text style _curdimstyle Select dimension style (quote) el
Command Action _viewDist To display distances _calcPolar To calculate polar coordinates area/_area To calculate the area _viewCoord To display coordinates _printEnts Print graphic entities _createEntsFile Graphic entities on File _design Free design _connPt Connect to point _ptMed Middle point _ptFin End point _perp Perpendicular _inters Intersection _center Center _quadr Quadrant _tang Tangent _ins Insertion _near Near point _coord Input Coordinates _libc Free Data Ce
Action _creaTables To create the design tables from Graphic View _closePoly Close polyline _digitchoose Select plate _calTabGri Calibrate plate for grid _calTabPt Calibrate plate for spread points _suspCalTabGri Suspend calibration _resCalTabGri Reactivate calibration Commands View: list of commands 1020509-01 Orientation Points Command 218
Command Action point / _point To create points _ptName To create points with name _ptSquad To create squared points _ptAngDist To design points identifying the angle and distance _ptSuLIn To create points on lines/arches/circles/polylines line / _line To create lines parallel / _paralline To create parallel lines _ptLinFraz Creating lines by fraction of areas arc / _arc To create arches circle / _circle To create circles _circletan To create circles that are tangent to two segments _
Command Action _disEntName Appearance of entities with name _ptCeler Creating celerimetric points _ptGps Creating GPS points _ptNoted Creating noted points _ptInStat To transform points into stations _ptInCeler To transform points into celerimetric points _ptInOri To transform points into orientation points _ptInGps To transform points into GPS points _ptInNoted To transform points into Noted points _modPt Change points _cancPt Erase points _movePt Move points _moveSta Move statio
Command Action _pgeo3 To create the 3 lines _pgeo45 To create the 4-5 lines _pgeo7 To create the 7 lines _pgeo7PtIs To create the 7 lines vertices/direction _pgeoAut To automatically create lines _pgeoElGra To create elements in graphic _pgeoDel7 To cancel 7 lines _pgeoDel3 To cancel 3 lines _pgeoImp45 To import 4-5 lines in graphic _pgeoImp7 To import 7 lines in graphic _pgeoAnnImp To cancel import _pgeoTPt Verify tolerances for alignment points _pgeoTDist Verify tolerances betwe
Command Action _ImMgr Manage images _ImCalLin To run linear calibration _ImmCalGri To run grid calibration _ImCalPt To run spread points calibration _ImmCalFrame To run frame calibration _ImmCalAuto To run Pregeo auto-setup calibration _ImmExpArea Export area Orientation Points Commands in Image Menu Commands in D.T.M. Menu Command _disPrjCLiv Action Manage level curves project...
Action _erasePrfl To erase profiles ptiQuotTriang To design points quoted by triangles painters To create painters _trasfEntGrf To transform graphic entities _polyquotfix To assign a fixed quote to polyline _polyquotplan To assign a plane quote to polyline _polyquotdtm To assign a DTM quote to polyline _tripoly To create triangles within a polyline _creaslope To create a slope _creaslopdtm To create DTM slope _excav Excavation project _jointri To join models _extpnttri To extract p
Action _roadSectProg Sections - Section manual by progressive _roadSectCanc Sections - Erase sections _roadSectInterv Sections - Intervals template _roadSectEditor Sections - Editor templates _roadPend Slopes and enlargements _addTpsEnts Tracking layout - Generation _delTpsEnts Tracking layout - Eliminate tracking layout _insTpsLegenda Tracking layout - Insert legend _roadPlaniPrj Project layout _roadVel Velocity graphic _roadNorm Guidelines check _roadPos Road position _roadStake
Command Action _pntCldProps Property _pnt _RotoTrasl Georeference _pntCldMorph Terrain filter _pntCldCnt Generate external border _pntCldDecimate Decimation _pntCldDelPnts Erase points Orientation Points Commands of Points Clouds Menu Details Graphic Layer: enter online program guide, Format|Graphic Layers.
Reports Print Options The Print Options command opens a window divided into five pages. The first page, General Options is composed of two sections. In the Header section the user can tell the program whether or not to print the heading and logo, and to insert the heading to be shown on the page. In the second section TS Data the user is able to tell the program whether or not to print the TR or HC/VC points.
Reports Figure 312: GPS Data This page is used to set the free format for printing the GPS data (Output|Free Format|Print All Groups and Output|Free Format|Print With Selected Groups) and for creating files (File|Export|Free Format).
This page is used to set the free format for printing Profiles (Output|Printout Ground Profile|Print Free Format Profile and Print Free Format All Profiles) and for creating ASCII files (File|Export| Printout Ground Profile and Printout of all ground Profiles).
Reports Figure 315: Print Component There are five tabs available in the Print Component used to customize the printout. Figure 316: The Style tab is used to insert the style type (default or customized), the model to use and whether or not to print the heading.
Reports Figure 317: The Format tab is used to indicate the orientation of the printout (vertical or horizontal), margins (upper, lower, left, right) and whether or not to activate borders. Figure 318: The Text tab displays a tree structure showing the organization of the document to be printed. Each part of the document is identified by and name and can be selected. If a text part is selected then the Select Font button is enabled allowing the user to change the format of the text selected.
Reports Figure 319: The Rows tab also displays the organization of the document (tree structure). This tab is used to change the height of the line for the selected component by inserting the datum into the specific box. If this operation cannot be executed then the box remains disabled. Figure 320: The Columns tab is used to change the width of the columns; if the operation is not feasible then the box remains disabled.
Reports Figure 321: The following commands are available in the preview: – "Export..." : to export the printout into the following formats: PDF, XML, RTF, HTML, TXT, JPEG, TIFF, BMP. – "Print" : to select the print options and activate them.
Digital Level Digital Level Data View The Digital Level Data View is the display of information collected through a Digital Level. This part of the document is used to archive one or more Levelings, which in turn contain the data associated with a certain number of measurements executed. Further, the Benchmarks node is always available, used to insert the information for elaboration of the measured data.
Digital Level Figure 324: Selecting the Benchmarks node will display the corresponding view where the measured points are seen on a grid with their respective data (Name, Elevation and Description). Figure 325: Importing Data from Instrument Using the command Insert|Data Instrument... menu, the user can import the data measured by the instrument into the Digital Level Booklet. The program offers the user a guided procedure for inserting all of the information necessary for transmitting the data.
Digital Level Upon activation, the procedure displays a window where the user can execute the following operations: Figure 326: 1) Create a new profile selecting the New icon and press Next> until the procedure is complete: at a certain point a window will appear where the profile can be saved and therefore also save all selections made in the previous windows. 2) Use a profile, without activating the procedure, by selecting it and pressing the Import button.
Digital Level Figure 327: Once the conversion type is selected the Save Profile window will appear listing the existing profiles and allowing the just created profile to be saved. Once the profile is saved, the user can return to the previous pages to change the profile settings but cannot return to selecting the instrument. Figure 328: The following windows show the steps to take for setting the instrument to allow importing the data.
Digital Level Figure 329: File|Import|Various Formats This command is used to convert the following file types: Figure 330: DL-100 (*.DL1) File ; Leica (*.WLD) File . Executing the command will open a window used to select the file to be imported. The selected file will be suggested again in the future executions of the command. Once the name is selected, the conversion will run immediately, creating a group in the Digital Level Booklet in the currently open file.
his command is used to run the Compensation Calculation of the Quotes on the data archived in the Digital Level of the open document. Executing the command will activate a guided procedure where, in the first window, the user is able to select which Levelings are to be considered in the calculation and, make selections to set the type of calculation to apply and the type of outcomes to produce.
Digital Level Pressing the Next> button will display the window with the compensation results. The Enlarge button will display the results in a larger window. Again pressing the Next> button will continue to a final window where the user transfers the calculation results by pressing the Complete button. If the user decided to receive the outcome on the printer, the program will also activate the print preview.
Digital Level Figure 334: Export File|Leveling (.CSV) Export on File|Levelings (.CSV): this function is used to create an ASCII type file with the CSV extension. Executing this command will open a window where the user can insert the path for saving and the file name; the file produced can be easily imported into Excel. Figure 335: Export File|Leveling (.
GIS Introduction The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are based on a merger of the computerized design and the relational databases. The first system allows computerized design of the geographic entities, while the second stores the data and information associated with these entities.
GIS – Import theme definitions (.gis, .gtd); – Import Shape files. The *.gis file is a format that includes the definition of the database tables and the themes created by the user. The Shapes file is characterized by three files with the .shp, .dbf and .shx extension which must have the same name and contain the GIS graphic entities including the associated table with all the additional information.
GIS GIS|Themes displays the Themes window that shows the list of all imported GIS Themes. Figure 337: Import Shape files The GIS|Import Shape files command is used to import files with the .shp, .shx and .dbf extension that contain GIS Graphic Entities and the associated table with all of the additional information. Figure 338: Once the command is activated a dialogue window will appear asking for the path of the file to import.
GIS Figure 339: Press the Next> button to access the second screen, used to specify whether or not to create a known point for each vertex of the imported entities. It is advised to activate this option only when you have to stakeout the vertices. Figure 340: If a .shp file is imported that contains points (ex.
GIS Figure 341: If the user imports a file that contains a GIS table with the same name of a table created previously, but with differences in fields, then the Imported table conflicts window will appear. At this point the user must select whether to rename the table to import or join the two tables resolving the conflicts. Figure 342: Manage Tables Using the Tables command, the user can manage the tables of the database and can change them using these buttons: New, Delete, Rename, and Property.
The purpose of a table is to represent the characteristics of any entity that are strict and can be consulted such as: particles, poles, wells. Figure 343: To define a table field, the user must specify its name, type and format. Figure 344: The Delete button will open the window asking the user for confirmation to cancel the selected table. A table with an associated theme cannot be canceled. Figure 345: The Rename button requires the user to insert the new name to give the selected table.
GIS Figure 346: The Property button will bring up the Table properties window where the user can change, insert and cancel fields in the selected table. To view the content of a table, the user must select the table to inspect and then press the View button. Figure 347: This window does not allow adding or eliminating lines, though the value of individual fields can be changed.
GIS Figure 348: Change Table Structure A name, type and format can be associated with each field of the table. To cancel a field, the user must select the entire line and then press the Canc. button. To change the position of a field, the user must select the corresponding line and then press the buttons Up and Down. The types available are: From User - The user must insert the appropriate value. Point name - Valid only for GIS entities point.
Draft - Valid only for GIS entities point. Automatically compiles the field with the path of the draft for the associated TS/GPS/Known point. Photo 1 - Valid only for GIS entities point. Automatically compiles the field with the path of the Photo 1 for the associated TS/GPS/Known point. Photo 2 - Valid only for GIS entities point. Automatically compiles the field with the path of the Photo 2 for the associated TS/GPS/Known point.
GIS Figure 350: If a field type different from From User, the program will automatically select the corresponding format. Figure 351: Indifferently from the field format, the user can specify a default value and whether it is required; in this last case, the field can never be left empty.
GIS Figure 352: If the format is numeric or decimal the minimum and maximum value can also be specified. Figure 353: Manage Themes The GIS|Themes command will display a window that is used to manage the GIS Themes sorted in the file using the New, Delete, Rename, and Properties commands. Each theme has icons associated with it that indicate whether the theme is visible, blocked and which is currently active.
Graphic entities can be: points, polylines or closed polygons. Figure 354: The New button will display the Create Theme window where the user can insert: – The name of the theme to create; – The type of coordinates (2D or 3D); – The type of entity (Point, Line or Polygon); – The name of the table to which it is associated; – The Entity set to which it belongs (one already existing or a new one). The new created theme becomes the active theme.
GIS Figure 355: The Delete button will open the window asking the user for confirmation to cancel the selected theme. Figure 356: The Rename button requires the user to insert the new name to give the selected theme. Figure 357: The Properties button will open the Theme Properties window with the Theme Options tab indicating by the check mark if the theme is active and the general characteristics of the edited theme: • Type of entity, • Type of coordinate, • Associated table.
GIS This window is used to change the Entity set associated with the theme by selecting the already existing one or a new one. Figure 358: The Thematic Map tab, in the Theme Properties window indicates the option to display the entities constituting a theme with different colors depending on the values of the fields. There are three types of thematic maps that can be created: None - All of the entities are displayed with the same color. This is the map selected by default settings.
The Update button is used to add associated thematic maps to any new GIS entities designed in the CAD View to which a new values was added to the selected Field. Executing the Update field will cancel all of the already created thematic map settings. Figure 360: Range - The range of values assumed by fields in a column is divided into multiple intervals, each of which is colored with a different color.
GIS Figure 361: The appearance used to display the entities belonging to a class can be changed by double clicking on the color to the left of the class. A different dialogue window will appear depending on the type of entity constituting the theme. For polylines, the user can specify color, thickness and type of line used to design them. Figure 362: For points, the user can specify color, symbol, scale and the rotation angle used to design them.
GIS Figure 364: The Label tab, in the Theme Properties window is used to indicate the option of displaying the value of an attribute alongside each GIS entity for the associated table. The displayed field will be the same for all entities belonging to a theme. The summary box Field to Use is used to select the field to be displayed alongside the GIS entity. To not display any label, the user selects the value None; this is the default value.
text's rotational angle and any offset. In all cases, the user can specify the height, style, and color of the text. Manage Graphic Entities Create entities The Create entity command from the GIS menu is used to create entities associated with the point, the line and the polygon depending on the active theme of the Manage themes table. By activating this command, the user can design/select the vertices necessary for creating a new GIS entity.
GIS Figure 367: After activating the Ground theme, the user can design the polygon by using the Create entity command in the GIS menu of the CAD View. Once the design is completed, the GIS properties window will appear, used to edit the characteristics of the graphic entity. Figure 368: Press OK and the graphic entity will be created (see image below).
GIS Figure 369: The newly created entity is represented by a red colored grid, because the agricultural terrain is identified with this thematic map as seen in the Theme Properties window. Figure 370: Delete entities The Delete entity command in the GIS menu will bring up the selection mark to cancel one or more existing GIS entities.
GIS Figure 371: Edit entities Use the Edit entity command from the GIS menu and the selection mark will appear, clicking in the graphic entity will bring up a dialogue window displaying the values of the fields associated with the entity. The values can be changed directly in this window. To confirm the changes, press the OK button; at the same time, press the Cancel button and any changes made will be canceled.
GIS Query This function is used to run a search on the GIS entities using the values of the fields associated to them. Activating the command will bring up the following dialogue window: In the upper left part the user can select the theme on which to run the query. To run the search, the user must insert an expression into the Query tab text box.
GIS Figure 374: Example - run a query on the Terrain table. 1.Select the Ground theme 2.Double click on the Type element in the Fields list 3.Press the [=] button 4.Double click on the Agricultural element in the Values list By doing so, the expression Type = ‘Agricultural’ will appear in the text box of the Query page. To run the search press the Run button.
GIS Export themes definition This function is used to save the organization of the tables and the definition of the themes currently found in the project so as to be able to load them into a future project. Once the command is activated, the program will display a dialogue window used to specify the folder in which to save the file with the definition of the themes and the tables. Figure 376: Export Shape files This operation is used to export GIS .shp interchange files.
GIS Figure 377: Associate GIS Data to Topographic Points GIS data can be associated with topographic points by using the GIS Data page. Figure 378: Once the theme is selected, the user can insert its characteristics determining the addition of a line in the respective table (ex. tree).
GIS Figure 379: If the topographic points are associated with GIS data, then the user can: • With the option Tree view active in CAD from the Display menu, the user can select whether or not to activation the pan automatically to bring the entity selected from the tree into the center of the screen; Figure 380: • Export the GIS data from the ASCII file produced by the File|Export|Free Format command after having specified it with the Print Options command; Associate GIS Data to Topographic Points 102
GIS Figure 381: • Manage the display of the thematic map for celerimetric, GPS and noted coordinate points using the Entity appearance command.
GIS Figure 382: Example In this example, a GPS survey was taken into consideration. Figure 383: In this case, the user selected to use the symbol and color of the thematic map.
GIS Figure 384: In this case, the user selected to not use the thematic map.
Roads view Introduction Roads are planned using the CAD View and the Roads View; the Roads planimetry is done in the CAD View while the altimetric is done in the Roads View. Roads are managed through codes associated upon creation: the Roads profile is always associated to the GND code. Projects (max 10) and polylines can be inserted into the Roads profile and are identified also by codes; the first project inserted is considered with a particular code (PRO) as it is seen as the principal project.
Roads View Figure 386: The Profile Polylines page includes the code associated with the profile (GND) and the codes associated with the profile polylines (LN1, LN2, ... etc.). The following information is associated with the profile codes: – Description: information found in the headings of the Altimetric Data view pages and the profile columns.
Roads View Figure 387: Cross Sections Codes Cross Section codes must be managed using the Cross Sections Codes command in the Cross Section menu of the Roads Cross Section’s CAD View. Executing the command will open the Set Volumes Calculation window: the sections codes are found in the Lines page. The GND code is associated with the cross section's terrain profile; the other codes are used for the profile polylines that can be added to the cross section.
Roads View – Barbette: to select whether to include the slope line corresponding to this polyline in calculating the project layout; this option is functional only on road sections. Three buttons are included in the final part of the window: 1.Load Default: to load the default settings; 2.Load Config: to load the previously saved settings; 3.Save Config: to save the current settings and be able to reload them in another context.
Roads View 1.Name; 2.Tot. Distance; 3.Average elevation; 4.Minimum elevation; 5.Maximum elevation; 6.Current Road. Figure 389: If the node corresponding to the Road Name is selected (in our example P1, Road1), then the program will display a graphic preview of the Road planimetry.
Roads View Figure 390: Activating the Altimetric node, the program will graphically display the Road altimetry. The road can be displayed in two ways: with box or as bar. The image below shows the box method. The method used to display this graphic can be personalized using Styles managed through the Format|Profile Styles, Format|Current Profile Style and Format|Set Profile Style commands.
Roads View Figure 391: This other image shows the bar method. In this case, two bars are displayed under the graphic: – The first shows the sequence of road planimetric elements with their respective length; – The second shows the longitudinal slope and, if present, the radius length of the curve. In the Altimetric View the user can add Projects and Polylines as well as manage the Profile Codes.
Roads View Figure 392: In the Altimetric Data view, multiple pages may be included that show the numeric data associated with the Road altimetry. The first page will count the data associated with the ground profile (code GND) while additional pages may include information on the projects (code PRO, PR2, PR3... PR10) and/or on polylines (code LN1, LN2...). The heading on these pages shows the description that varies depending on the code that describes the entity reference (profile, polyline, project).
Roads View Figure 393: The data included on the first page are: 1.Name (alpha-numeric); 2.Chainage (numeric). 3.Elevation (numeric). 4.North (numeric). 5.East (numeric). 6.Partial distance (numeric). In the pages associated with the Projects and Polylines, the columns included are: 1.Name. 2.Chainage (numeric). 3.Elevation (numeric). 4.Elevation difference (numeric). 5.North (numeric).
Roads View 6.East (numeric). 7.Partial distance (numeric). 8.Slope (numeric). The Road Cross Sections of the road are listed in the Roads Cross Sections node. The Roads Cross Sections can be added automatically (see Roads|Road Properties command) and manually (see Roads|Cross Sections menu in the CAD View). The information shown in the Roads Cross Sections node is: 1.Name (alpha-numeric); 2.Chainage (numeric); 3.Width (numeric); 4.N. Points (numeric); 5.Average elevation (numeric). 6.
In the Roads Cross Section the user can add Polylines, create a new grubbing, horizontal and bench excavations, and manage the Cross Section Codes. Figure 395: The Cross Section Data view shows the numeric data associated with the cross section altimetry. The view can include multiple pages whose heading can be changed using the Cross Section Codes command.
Roads View Figure 396: The information included on the first page is as follows: 1.Name (alpha-numeric); 2.Chainage (numeric). 3.Elevation (numeric). 4.North (numeric). 5.East (numeric). 6.Partial distance (numeric). In the pages associated with the Polylines, the columns included are: 1.Name. 2.Chainage (numeric). 3.Elevation (numeric). 4.Elevation difference (numeric). 5.North (numeric). 6.East (numeric). 7.Partial distance (numeric).
Roads View 8.Slope (numeric). Managing Profiles/Cross Sections Styles The Roads and Roads Cross Sections styles are managed by the Profile Style command in the Format menu of the profile or cross section CAD View. Execution of the command will open the Profile Style window. This window is used to manage the profile and sections styles in the Project (current file) as well as Archive (computer); the styles stored in the archive can be reused in other projects.
Roads View Figure 397: Changing Current Profile/Cross Section Style The Current Profile Style command is used to change the characteristics of the style associated with a road or road cross section. When a road or road sections are created from the CAD View, the program assigns the default style; this association can be changed using the Format|Current Profile Style command that can be activated from the Altimetric View as well as the road cross section CAD View.
Roads View Figure 398: The Dimensions page is used to edit the following information: scale used for length and height. • Whether or not to design the initial page. If this option is set at Yes, the dimensions of the first page can be specified.
initial point. It must be noted that for each quote jump, one of these symbols will be designed, and will be moved, compared to the point where this jump occurs, from the quantity specified by means of this procedure. Figure 399: The First Page Texts page is used to select which fields to input onto the initial page and the number of decimals used to view the values. The upper part of the tab includes a list of the texts and their characteristics.
Roads View Figure 400: Text Type: this specifies the type of text to view. The types of text available are: • User - to write a note at the user’s discretion. • Cross Section - to view the name of the profile/cross section. • Road - to view the name of the road. • Chainage - to view the progression of the cross section. • Project Elevation - to view the quote of the selected project at progression 0. • Previous Chainage - to view the progression of the previous cross section.
Roads View • Fill Area Between Projects - to view the total amount of the fill area between two project profiles. • Computable Sections Area - this is used to list the areas and developments of the elements found in the cross section. Actual Text/ Prefix: identifies the text that describes the text. Code 1: this is activated only for those types of text that refer to a project Code 2: this is activated only for texts Excavation/Fill Area Between Projects.
Roads View Figure 401: • Category - to specify to which category of Columnings the one selected belongs. There are 4 types of categories available: ground, project/polyline, road/profile, additional texts. • Code 1: this is activated only for those types of text that refer to a project • Code 2: this is activated only for texts Cut/Fill Area Between Projects.
– Points measured, – Elevations, – Partial distances, – Chainage, – Difference in level – Horizontal partial distances – Sloped partial distances – Elevation differences – Slope % – Slope variation. – Area – Elem. Area Prev. Sec. – Elem. Area Next Sec. – Area between projects.
– Part. Select. distance, – Changeable text no. 1, – Changeable text no. 2, – Changeable text no. 3, – Changeable text no. 4, – Changeable text no. 5, – Changeable text no. 6, – Changeable text no. 7, – Changeable text no. 8, – Changeable text no. 9, – Changeable text no. 10. • Actual Text - this edit field is automatically set once the Category and Columning Type are selected and includes the text that will appear in the design.
Roads View Figure 402: Finally, in the Texts in correspondence to Points section the user can associate the dimensions of the text sections horizontally as well as vertically to texts that correspond to points. When the texts corresponding to points are overlaid, the user can select whether or not to design them telling the program the maximum dimension of the move.
Roads View Figure 403: Assigning Profile/Cross Section Style The Set Profile Style command found in the Format menu of the Altimetric CAD View or the Roads Cross Section CAD View is used to assign a new style to a road or its cross section. Execution of the command will open the Assign Style window where the user can select the profile and associate its style using a specific drop down menu. The style can be associated with multiple profiles/sections.
Roads View Figure 404: Profile/Cross Section Properties This command is used to change the properties of a road or its cross sections: • The name; • The style; • The initial reference elevation (or minimum elevation) calculated by the program; • The minimum progressive distance (initially set at 0) and the maximum, so as to display only one part of the Profile.
Inserting a project in a Road profile can be done in the view corresponding to the profile, using the New command in the Profile|Projects menu. Executing the command will open the Draw project profile window that initially shows the code associated with the project (see Profile codes). Use this window to select the type of project to create and which method to use to create it.
Roads View Figure 406: Here following are the images for inserting the project. Insert Project by graphic points. Figure 407: Complete Insert Project by graphic points.
Roads View Figure 408: The user can add points to the project by using the Add Points function found in the Profile|Projects menu. The functionality of the Add Points command is similar to the functionality of the New command; the only difference is that the points can be added only at the two ends. Vertical curves can be inserted into the project using the Profile|Projects|Vertical Curve command.
Roads View Figure 409: Once the selection is completed, the program will display an Insert Vertical Curve window. This window is used to select: – The radius of the curve; – Approximation to use. Figure 410: Here following is the final result.
Roads View – Vertical comments corresponding to the beginning and end points of the horizontal curve. Figure 411: Inserting this information can be done using the Draw special elements command. The entities created will be placed in special planes and can be changed as common entities. Redoing the function will not eliminate the previously created entities. To do so, the user must proceed with canceling through the Erase Graphic Entities function.
Roads View The profile polylines are similar to project and differ from them in the following ways: – Vertical curves cannot be inserted; – They can also be created from DTM projects. For this reason, the procedure to create a profile polyline with the New command is similar to the one seen for projects with the difference in that the code to associate with the polyline can be selected which, among other things, can be shared by multiple polylines.
Roads View Figure 415: After selecting the code to associate to the polyline, the user must tell the program which DTM project to use, which may be in the current file or an external file (in this case the route must be specified). Once the selection is completed, press OK and the polyline will be added into the graphic as well as the numeric data view. The polyline can be edited using the Profile Polylines|Edit command.
eliminate. Once the point to be eliminated is identified, it will be immediately eliminated and the design will refresh. The command will conclude by right mouse button. Note that the selecting operator cannot be positioned along the vertical joint or on the column associated with the point to avoid any ambiguity in selecting between profile points and project points. • Delete Intermediate Points: this function will automatically eliminate intermediate points of a project or a profile polyline.
Roads View 1.Topographic Profiles - Roads, for the profile and roads name, the user can: • specify the height, distance, style, color and alignment; • insert a frame with a circle or rectangle of any chosen color; • select whether to display the name indicating its position and whether to associate a prefix/suffix; 2.
If the profile exits from the graphic where it is inserted, the function Elevation Jump is used to keep the profile within the graphic. The profile will be separated into two or more parts that will be carried into the graphic itself; if the Elevation Jump is activated, projects cannot be designed nor can any changes be made to them; in order to redesign Projects, any Elevation Jumps created must be canceled.
Roads View Figure 420: The image shown above displays the beginning status; the image below shows the graphic result of the Elevation Jump|Automatic: as can be clearly seen after each quote jump, the triangle indicating the new profile reference point will repeat. The beginning status is similar to the one suggested for the automatic Elevation Jump. The image below shows the functionality of the Elevation Jump|Selection operation.
Roads View Figure 421: Once this operation is executed, this result is obtained. Figure 422: Active Altimetric Profiles This procedure is always activated from the Format|Altimetric Profiles Active menu and lists the created profiles.
To confirm the selections, press OK. Figure 423: Special Texts The view corresponding to the profile, found through the Format|Current Profile Style menu will offer a series of functions used to insert the typical profile texts. Culture Texts Before activating the Culture Texts function, the user must add the Culture columning into the profile style through the Columnings tab in the Edit Profile Style window, activated using the Format|Current Profile Style command.
Roads View Figure 424: Proceed with OK and verify that the column has been added to the profile graphic currently in progress.
After selecting the second point, a window will appear used to insert the text. The text will be positioned at the center of the selected interval. At the edges of the interval, separator lines will be designed. Figure 426: The user is free to continue with inserting more texts beginning with the last point selected or to terminate the command using the right mouse button. The image here below shows the result from inserting the text.
Roads View Figure 427: Columning Editable Texts Before activating the Columning Editable Texts function, the user must add the Change Text no.... columning into the profile style through the Columnings tab in the Edit Profile Style window, activated using the Format|Current Profile Style command. To add the Change Text no.... column, select the Additional Texts category and then select it from the Columning Type list. The description will be automatically inserted into the Actual Text field.
Roads View Figure 428: Proceed with OK and verify that the column has been added to the profile graphic currently in progress.
Roads View Figure 429: Activate the Columning Editable Texts function: the program will display the Draw Texts in Columning window where the user can select the text to insert; in this example, we confirm SEDIMENT and then press OK to proceed with graphically identifying the interval on which to insert the text.
The text is positioned at the center of the interval while the two edges are designed with separator lines. Figure 431: The result of the operation is shown in the image below. Figure 432: Special Texts 1020509-01 312 Roads View Once the selection is completed, the window will appear for inserting the text itself.
Before activating the Distance Text Selected function, the user must add the Sel part. Distances columning into the profile style through the Columnings tab in the Edit Profile Style window, activated using the Format|Current Profile Style command. To add the Sel part. Distances column, select the Additional Texts category and then select it from the Columning Type list. In the Actual Text field, the description Sel part. Distances will be automatically inserted; this description can be changed.
Roads View This function is used to insert the partial distance between two terrain or project peaks into Columnings. In fact, at the end of the procedure, the partial distance separating the selected points will be automatically posted into the selected intervals. After graphically selecting the two points, there is no need to edit a text and it will be automatically created by the program based on the real distance between the points.
Roads View Vertical Comments This command is used to specifically insert vertical texts alongside profile-columning or projectcolumning connections. First of all, set the graphic selection symbol onto the connection alongside the one to be used for inserting a comment; after executing the selection a window will appear used for inputting the comment to be inserted; once the comment is inserted and confirmed, another one can be inserted; to conclude, press the right mouse button.
create a dxf/dwg file format containing all of the sections found in a profile/road. This function is activated only if the profile displayed refers to a road or a cross section of it. After activating this function and after giving a name to the file in the window called Create DXF/DWG File another window will open so the user can customize the order in which the sections are inserted into the file. In particular, the user can decide if the order of the sections designs must proceed by line or by column.
Roads View Figure 437: • Printout of All Terrain Profiles: this command is similar to the Printout of Terrain Profile with the only difference being that all profiles are printed.
of a selected project (project page must be activated). The data to insert into the file can be specified using the Options|Print Options command. Before creating the file a preview is displayed (see the image below) where the user can change the character font, increase or reduce the zoom and specify the type of file to create. To create the file the user must press the Save button and indicate the save route.
Roads View • Printout of All Projects/Polylines: this function is similar to the Printout of Project/Polyline with the only difference being that all projects of the profile are printed. Figure 440: Output Selecting the Printout of Terrain Profile from the Output menu allows the user to execute the following printouts: standard format printing; 1.standard format printing; 2.free format printing; 3.
In regard to the printing of projects, the user is not offered a standard print choice like for profiles and therefore the free format must be set (using the Options|Print Options command). For projects, like for profiles, one single project or all projects (Spreadsheet Project/Polyline|Free Format Print and Spreadsheet Project/Polyline|Free Format Print All). Here following is an example of a print preview.
_preview Print preview _PageSetup Set page _print Print Roads View Table 1. Commands in Modify Menu The commands for this menu are similar to those seen for the CAD View. Commands in View Menu The following are added to the commands offered in the CAD View: Table 2. _sezIni Initial Cross Section _sezPre Previous Cross Section _sezSuc Next Cross Section _sezFin Final Cross Section Commands in Format Menu The following are added to the commands offered in the CAD View: Table 3.
Roads View Commands in Outcomes Menu Table 4.
_optPropProf _optPrflOpzCalc Profile Properties Profile Calculation Options _optCodProf Profiles Codes _newPrg New Project _addPtPrg Add Points _raccPrg Vertical Connector _disElemPrg Particular Elements Design _newPol New Profile Polyline _newPrgDTM New Profile Polyline from DTM _editPol Edit Profile Polyline _addPtPrgPol Add Particular Point _cimaPrgPol To Tip/Join Projects and Profiles _spePrgPol To Divide Projects and Profiles _delPrgPol Cancel Project/Polyline _optCancPt Eras
Roads View Commands View: list of commands 1020509-01 324
Road Template Editor This command is used to create road templates that may then be mounted onto a progressive interval (“Roads|Cross Sections|Template intervals” command in the CAD View). The road template can be stored in a .sag format file so that it can be used in multiple projects. The editor used for creating the template is very simple and versatile: the right side lists the elements that can be added while the left side shows those already inserted.
Road Template Editor Template edit method Road elements Road elements that can be inserted into a road template are divided into three types: Central elements: • Gutter type 1 • Overturn gutter type 1 • Ditch (by width, by slopes) • Single trait • Lane • Shoulder • Sidewalk • Curb • Overturn curb • Gutter type 3 Excavation elements: • Gutter type 1 • Overturn gutter type 1 • Ditch (by width, by slopes) • Single trait • Cantilever wall • Gravity wall • Fixed slope • Automatic slope • Fixed bench • Automa
Road Template Editor Fill elements: • Gutter type 1 • Overturn gutter type 1 • Ditch (by width, by slopes) • Single trait • Retaining wall • Gravity wall • Fixed slope • Automatic slope • Fixed bench • Automatic bench • Gutter type 2 by slope • Gutter type 2 by width Figure 443: Template edit method 1020509-01 327
– Name; – Direction (right or left); – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project and gutter line codes: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Width (inner, central, outer trait); – Height (inner, outer trait); – Depth.
Road Template Editor Figure 445: The parameters for the Overturn gutter type 1 are: – Name; – Direction (right or left); – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project and gutter line codes: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Width (inner, central, outer trait); – Height (inner, outer trait); – Depth.
Road Template Editor Figure 446: Figure 447: Template edit method 1020509-01 330
– Name; – Direction (right or left); – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project and gutter line codes: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Width (inner, central, outer trait); – Gutter thickness; – Height (inner, outer trait); – Gutter depth; Figure 448: Template edit method 1020509-01 331 Road Template Editor The parameters for the gutter type 2 defined by widths are:
Road Template Editor Figure 449: The parameters for the gutter type 2 defined by slopes are: – Name; – Direction (right or left); – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project and gutter line codes: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Width (central trait); – Gutter thickness – Height (inner, outer trait); – Inner trait slope; – Outer trait slope; – Gutter depth.
Road Template Editor Figure 450: Figure 451: Template edit method 1020509-01 333
Road Template Editor The parameters for the ditch defined by width are: – Name; – Direction (right or left); – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project and ditch codes: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Width (starting, inner, central, outer, ending trait); – Ditch depth.
Road Template Editor Figure 453: The parameters for the ditch defined by slopes are: – Name; – Direction (right or left); – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project and ditch codes: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Width (starting, central, ending trait); – Inner trait slope; – Outer trait slope; – Ditch depth; Template edit method 1020509-01 335
Road Template Editor Figure 454: Figure 455: The parameters for the Single trait are: – Name; – Direction; – Insert point (none or section origin or other); Template edit method 1020509-01 336
– Horizontal shift; – Vertical shift; – Visible, to make the single trait visible (Yes) or invisible (No).
Road Template Editor The parameters for the Lane are: – Name; – Direction; – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project line and courses codes: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Widening: if this option is set at “Yes” then the element will consider the graph of the slopes and widenings in the road mount method. – Lane width; – Type of slope; this can be: – 1.
Road Template Editor Figure 458: Figure 459: Template edit method 1020509-01 339
Road Template Editor The parameters for the shoulder are: – Name; – Direction; – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project line and courses codes: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Shoulder width; – Type of slope; this can be: 1.“By Graph”: the slope is calculated taking into account the graph of the slopes and widenings of the road; 2.
Road Template Editor Figure 461: The parameters for the sidewalk are: – Name; – Direction; – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project line and sidewalk codes: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Sidewalk width; – Sidewalk slope; – Courses: these represent the courses that constitute the sidewalk. Each course has a code, a depth, a widening and a slope associated.
Road Template Editor Figure 462: Figure 463: Template edit method 1020509-01 342
– Name; – Direction; – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project line and curb codes: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Inclined trait width; – Outer trait width; – Curb height; – Inclined trait height; – Curb depth.
Road Template Editor Figure 465: The parameters for the overturn curb are: – Name; – Direction; – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project line and curb codes: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Inclined trait width; – Inner trait width; – Curb height; – Inclined trait height; – Curb depth.
Road Template Editor Figure 466: Figure 467: Template edit method 1020509-01 345
Road Template Editor The parameters for the cantilever wall are: – Name; – Direction; – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project line, wall and excavation codes: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Top wall width; – Outer base offset width; – Inner base offset width; – Excavation width; – Wall height: this value is considered only if the “Automatic height” field is set at “No” and is used to set the wall height;
Road Template Editor Figure 468: Template edit method 1020509-01 347
Road Template Editor Figure 469: The parameters for the gravity wall are: – Name; – Direction; – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project line, wall and drainage codes: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Top wall width; – Drainage width; – Automatic height: if set to “Yes” then the height is calculated with the intersection of the ground and cannot be greater than the value inserted in the “Maximum height” fiel
– Maximum height: the maximum height value of the wall if the automatic height has been activated; – Minimum height: the minimum height value of the wall if the automatic height has been activated; – Inner trait slope; – Outer trait slope; – Wall depth.
Road Template Editor Figure 471: The parameters for the fixed slope are: – Name; – Direction; – Inssert point (none or section origin or other); – Project line code.
Road Template Editor Figure 472: Figure 473: The parameters for the fixed slope with vegetal terrain are: – Name; – Direction; – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project line code.
Road Template Editor – Slope width; – Slope inclination; – Grass course depth. Figure 474: Figure 475: The parameters for the automatic slope are: – Name; – Direction; – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project line code.
Road Template Editor – Slope inclination; – Grass course depth.
– Single bench width; – Insert gutter: to establish whether or not to insert gutter. – Gutter outer width; – Gutter central width; – Bench width; – Single bench height; – Gutter height; – Slope inclination; – Bench slope; – Maximum number of steps.
Road Template Editor Figure 479: The parameters for the automatic bench are: – Name; – Direction; – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project line code: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Single bench width; – Insert gutter: to establish whether or not to insert gutter. – Gutter outer width; – Gutter central width; – Bench height; – Gutter height; – Slope inclination; – Bench slope; – Maximum number of steps.
Road Template Editor Figure 480: Figure 481: Template edit method 1020509-01 356
– Name; – Direction; – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project line and wall codes: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Top wall width; – Outer base offset width; – Inner base offset width; – Automatic height: if set to “ - ” then the height is calculated with the intersection of the terrain and cannot be greater than the value inserted in the “Maximum height” field; – Maximum height: the maximum height value of
Road Template Editor Figure 483: The parameters for the curb trough are: – Name; – Direction; – Insert point (none or section origin or other); – Project line and gutter codes: these codes are used by the Altimetry view and create the lines describing the template mounted on the section; – Inner trait width; – Central trait width; – Outer trait width; – Gutter thickness – Inner trait height; – Outer trait height; – Gutter depth.
Road Template Editor Figure 484: Inserting an Element To insert an element the user must first specify if an element is central, cut or fill using the menu found alongside the current elements. After selecting the type of element, it is selected from the Elements Archive and dragged into the graphic view using the mouse, keeping the left button pressed down.
Only for inserting a lane, berm or sidewalk the program will display the “Manage layers” window described below. Delete an Element To delete an element, the user will activate the “Delete” command from the “List elements” view after selecting it. Change Element Property The properties of an element can be changed through the “Element informations” view after selecting the element to change in the “List elements” view.
Road Template Editor There are various types of courses: – Surface course; – Binder course; – Base course; – Subbase course; – Capping course; – User defined course. For each course the user can define the thickness; if the course is defined by the user then the course code must also be inserted. To ensure that the course code is valid, it must also be inserted into the Sections Codes or it will not be considered.
Road Template Editor – East, North coordinate: in this mode they are disabled; – Groud elevation: terrain quote at the template’s central point; – Project elevation: in this mode it is always zero; – Elevation difference: difference between the project quote and the terrain quote at the template’s central point; – Ground slope: slope of the line representing the terrain; – Left slope: left slope of the slopes and widenings graph; – Right slope: right slope of the slopes and widenings graph; – Left widening
Road Template Editor Figure 489: In the “Element Information” view the user can set the characteristics for the entire road; to specify these characteristics for the chainage interval then the “Element Properties” window must be used, activated with the “Edit Characteristics” command (this command is active only if the editor is open from the “Template Intervals” window).
Road Template Editor Figure 490: The table is read vertically: if the transition is not set (none) then the value inserted applies only to the indicated chainage; if the transition is liner or constant then it applies to the chainage interval included between the current line and the next line. If the transition is constant then the property of the element is fixed at that value in the interval. If the transition is linear then the property of the element varies until it reaches the final one.
Among the elements that can constitute a template, slopes, benches and walls are the only ones that can be automatic (for slopes selecting the “Automatic slope” element, for benches selecting the “Automatic bench” element, and for walls setting the “Automatic Height” property to “Yes”). When any of these automatic elements must be mounted, the program will design it until it finds the intersection with the terrain.
Road Template Editor – Otherwise the wall with the minimum height and the slope/bench needed to find the intersection with the ground will be mounted. Figure 492: – If in this case the slope/bench should exceed the maximum set limit, then the slope/bench will be mounted with the maximum width and the wall with the height needed to find the intersection with the ground.
Figure 494: Mounting automatic slopes and automatic walls 1020509-01 367 Road Template Editor – If in this case it cannot find an intersection, then both elements are mounted with maximum height.
D.T.M. 3D Booklet To work with level curves or profiles the survey must be oriented planimetrically and altimetrically. In this case, the Celerimetric Booklet must be in 3D and each station must have valid values in the Instrument height field. Figure 495: The detail points must have valid values in the Prisma height and Vertical angle fields. D.T.M.
D.T.M. Figure 496: It must also be possible to quote the survey; to do this a noted quote point was inserted in the orientation points (101). Here following is an example of a 3D file celerimetric calculation. Figure 497: Note in the Data analysis window that the noted quote point 101 was seen by Station 100 and coded as QU. This page notes that the point was found and recognized as a valid point for the calculation.
D.T.M. Figure 498: The Stations analysis page notes that the three stations were found to be planimetrically not orientable. But they are quotable: Station 100 using the identified QU point; the other two, instead, using Station 100 itself. Figure 499: In the Options for continuing elaboration window, the program will automatically place Yes in the Display input option for the planimetry; this is because the survey stations are not planimetrically orientable.
D.T.M. Figure 500: The Input data for stations window asks for the planimetric coordinates for the stations (in fact, in the previous window, the display for the planimetry was set at Yes) while the quote cannot be inserted (in fact, in the previous window, the display for the quote was set at No). As already noted, the quote was calculated for the Station 100 using the point 101.
D.T.M. Figure 502: Use the Outcomes|Celerimetric|Display command to see a preview of the results of the calculation executed. Figure 503: Here is another example where no point is coded QU and no quoted point is found among the orientation points. The attempt is to run a 2D celerimetric calculation; it can be seen that under the same conditions the calculation will not be successful. An analysis of the data shows that no QU points were identified and no points were quoted from the orientation points.
D.T.M. Figure 504: In this case too, the user selects to display the planimetric coordinates used specifically to orient the stations planimetrically while for the quotes the Calculation option is left at Yes while the Display input option remains set at No. Figure 505: The elaboration results clearly show in this case that all stations were oriented planimetrically thought the altimetric orientation was not successful for any of them.
D.T.M. Figure 506: When the calculation is terminated in Graphic nothing is displayed and if the Outcomes|Celerimetric|Display command is activated, then it will be noted that the three stations were not oriented. This means that if the user decides to run the calculation of the quotes but the data inserted is not appropriate for the operation requested then the work will not be oriented planimetrically either.
Figure 508: With this selection, the user will note that in the next windows the sections associated with the quotes will be deactivated and the calculation will run only planimetrically. Figure 509: The image below shows the result in the Graphic View of the calculation just run. 3D Booklet 1020509-01 375 D.T.M. To resolve this problem the user need only return back to the Options for continuing elaboration window and place a No for the quote calculation.
D.T.M. Figure 510: Manage level curves project... Multiple projects can be open on the same file in the program. For each project, the user can: • Define constraints, internal and external borders; • Run calculation of the triangles; • create level curves; • Define profiles. To manage projects the user must activate the D.T.M.|Manage level curve projects... command in the Graphic View.
D.T.M. Figure 511: The following commands are available in the window: • New to add a new project; • Eliminate to eliminate a selected project; • Properties to change the project’s design options. Note that the operations on various projects will be affected by the selections made in this window; details are outlined in paragraphs below.
D.T.M. Figure 512: If the constraints are part of a non blocked project they can be: 1)Eliminated using the Constraints|Eliminate constraints command in the D.T.M. menu. Once the constraints are selected by the selection operator, press the right mouse button.
D.T.M. The Eliminate Constraints window will open showing the number of constraints selected and request operation confirmation. 2)Transformed into graphic entities using the Transform in graphic entities command in the D.T.M. menu; 3)Changed in the vertices position as if they were normal graphic entities; once the entity is selected the user can execute on the grips or run the commands from the Change menu. Changes on the constraints can be eliminated as well as refreshed.
D.T.M. Figure 515: The figure below displays the 3D View of the calculated model: triangles are placed badly. To resolve the issue, constraints must be added. Figure 516: The figure below displays the Graphic View after adding the constraints.
D.T.M. Figure 517: The figure below displays the Graphic View after running the calculation of the triangles with the added constraints. Figure 518: The figure below displays the 3D View of the calculated model, which clearly illustrates that introducing the constraint resulted in a proper representation of the calculated model (triangles properly represent the escarpment).
D.T.M. Figure 519: Borders Borders, like constraints, are used to control the calculation of the triangles. Borders outline survey areas that may be included or not in the calculation: • Internal Border is used to exclude from the triangulation all points enclosed. • External Border is used to exclude from the triangulation all points identified as outside the border itself.
D.T.M. Figure 520: To design a Border, proceed similar to designing a graphic polyline; it is important to select at least 3 vertices. In the design operation, it is good to remember that: – selecting the point previously selected will cancel the selection; – the design terminates either by selecting the end point or by pressing the right mouse button (and by doing this the design will automatically close).
Figure 522: If the borders are part of a non blocked project they can be: • Eliminated, whether internal or external, using the D.T.M.|Borders|Cancel borders menu command; • Transformed into polylines from the D.T.M.|Transform into graphic entities menu. • Changed in the vertices position as if they were normal graphic entities; once the entity is selected the user can execute directly on the grips or run the commands directly from the Change menu.
• Triangulation; • Symbols; • Colors. Figure 523: Use the Triangulation page to tell the program which points are to be used to create the grid through an easy navigation tree that lists the entities included in the current project. The entities can be selected using the specific check box set to the side; by expanding the node of the various entities, the program will display the entity in detail. Triangles 1020509-01 385 D.T.M.
D.T.M. Figure 524: In particular: Triangles • extending the Celerimetric Booklet node the program will list the works that are part of it; • extending the GPS Booklet node the program will list the groups associated with the GPS Booklet; • Extending the Coordinate Pt. Booklet the program lists the groups associated with the Noted Pt. Booklet; • the Orientation points node cannot be extended in that it refers to orientation points defined in the Orientation points page of the Coordinate Pt.
D.T.M. Figure 525: Still on the triangulation page, the user can indicate whether to consider: • celerimetric stations in the calculation; • GPS stations in the calculation; • constraints; • internal borders; • external borders. In the Symbols page the user can indicate the type of symbol to use within the triangle. The possible choices are: Triangles • none; • name; • barycentric; • slope (in this case the box marked Text Dim.
D.T.M. Figure 526: On the Colors page, finally, the user can select whether to use uniform colors for the triangles and the symbols; or a gradation of colors. If gradation is selected, then the coloration is done taking into account the quote and the number of intervals indicated. The quote intervals can be customized by selecting the specific check box. Figure 527: The result of the calculation is shown in the image below.
D.T.M. Figure 528: Level curves The level curves are polylines that join all points found at a determinate quote.
Dash lines (green color) are non-rounded polylines that join points of equal quote on triangles; these represent a second level of quoted plane approximation after triangles. Splines (red color) are calculated beginning with the dash lines and represent an embellishment in that it rounds the corners. Splines do not represent a mathematical model of approximation and the degree of rounding can be controlled individually.
D.T.M. Figure 531: The procedure is activated by accessing the Graphic View and selecting the Create Level Curve command found in the D.T.M.|Level curve menu. Executing the command will open the Create Level Curve window. If the calculation has been run, then the program, prior to opening this window, will ask the user for confirmation before being able to continue with the operation.
Figure 532: Here following is the description of some of the commands in the D.T.M.|Level curves menu. • Cancel all level curves: created level curves can be erased using the D.T.M.|Level curves|Cancel all level curves command. Figure 533: Level curves 1020509-01 392 D.T.M. The image below shows the results of the calculation run; the level curves were designed only in that part of the survey where the triangles were calculated.
Level curve|Change spline tension: this command is used to change the degree of rounding of one or all splines in the non blocked active project. Once the command is executed, the program asks the user whether or not to modify all created splines. Should the user respond No, prior to inserting the new tension value, the user must graphically select the spline. Should the user respond Yes, the user will proceed immediately into inserting the tension value through the specific window. D.T.M.
D.T.M. The image below shows the result in Graphic View for when tension is set equal to 10. Figure 536: • Add/Remove spline texts: this can be activated from the D.T.M.|Level curves menu. This function is used, whether the spline texts were inserted automatically or not, to add some or eliminate others if the project is not blocked.
Activating the Format|Level curve appearance function will open a window composed of three pages used to change the settings associated with the active project. The first page is used to set the filters for the design or display or hide the various elements by selecting/deselecting the specific check box placed to its side.
D.T.M. Figure 539: On the Level Curve page, the user can set the text dimension, the number of decimals, and the position of the quote of the dash lines and the splines. Further, the user can set a prefix or suffix to its side depending on the requirements and set an orientation that can be standard or legible.
Slope lines are graphic entities used to represent terrain progression; for example, they can be used to delineate escarpments whether natural or artificial; these entities are managed by the program as blocks. To activate the function of these entities the user must access the D.T.M.|Slope lines menu. Prior to activating the procedure, the user must design the polylines using the Design|2D or 3D polylines command as can be seen in the image below.
– Activate or not the Approximate curve sections option. By activating Approximate curve sections, the bases of the slope lines do not set against the first polyline; in particular, they are places near it so that the sections can be joined. – Activate or not the Cut sections intersection option. By activating Cut sections intersection, if the two polylines form a curve, then the user can eliminate any intersections within the slope line sections.
D.T.M. Figure 543: If the slope lines are to be represented as two lines then the user can insert the shorter section length and select whether to treat it as an absolute dimension or as a percentage of the long section. To eliminate the slope lines, given that they are graphic entities, the user must activate the Cancel command found in the Graphic View of the Change menu. Elimination can also be canceled by using the Annul command found in the Change menu.
These functions are used by the planner to have more control over the project and create solutions that the “Excavation Project” command does not offer (excavations on multiple levels, create escarpments with berms, create terracing, create excavations beginning from the external perimeter, create ditches, create projects beginning from open polylines). The sequence of operations that the user must follow to create the project in general is as follows: 1.Define a beginning graphic polyline 2.
D.T.M. After designing a closed polyline, activate the “Assign a fixed quote polyline” command and select the polyline; verify that the “Insert quote” window appears and insert 290 as the fixed quote. Press OK and the Z coordinate of all the polyline vertices will be set equal to 290. Figure 545: Reference file Ex1_Phase1.fw1 Phase 2 - Create escarpment Before creating a escarpment the user must add a new project using the “D.T.M./Manage level curve project...” command.
D.T.M. Running the “D.T.M./Planning/Create escarpment” command, the program will display the selection symbol used to select the polyline and then its external point. Figure 547: After selecting the point, the program will display the “Create escarpment” window used to insert the Slope equal to 66,667 and Height equal to 7 as the calculation method. Press OK. Figure 548: The image to the side shows the result of the excavation highlighted in red using the “Format/Level curve appearance” command.
D.T.M. Figure 549: Reference file Ex1_Phase2.fw1 Phase 3 - Create Horizontal Terracing To create the horizontal terracing, run the “D.T.M./Planning/Create escarpment” command where the program will display the selection symbol used to select the outermost polyline and then a point external to it. Figure 550: After selecting the point, the program will display the “Create escarpment” window used to insert the Height equal to 0 and the Width equal to 5 as the calculation method. Press OK.
D.T.M. Figure 551: The image below shows the result of the excavation highlighted in red using the “Format/Level curve appearance” command. Figure 552: Reference file Ex1_Phase3.fw1 Phase 4 - Create escarpment at DTM To create the escarpment at DTM, run the “D.T.M./Planning/Create escarpment at DTM” command where the program will display the selection symbol used to select the outermost polyline and then a point external to it.
D.T.M. Figure 553: After selecting the point, the program will display the “Generate escarpment at DTM” window used to insert the excavation slope value equal to 66,667 and the fill slope value equal to 100 as the calculation method. Press OK. Figure 554: The image to the side shows the result of the excavation highlighted in red using the “Format/Level curve appearance” command.
D.T.M. Figure 555: Reference file Ex1_Phase4.fw1 Phase 5 - Create triangles within polyline To insert triangles within a polyline, the user must activate the “D.T.M./planning/Create triangles within polyline” command. Executing the command involves graphically selecting the polyline (in our case the innermost).
Figure 557: Reference file Ex1_Phase5.fw1 The final result is seen in the image below, after executing the “Display/Fill/Shaded” command. Figure 558: Reference file Ex1_FinalResult.fw1 Planning 1020509-01 407 D.T.M. Once the selection is completed, the program will immediately activate the creation of triangles as can be seen in the image to the side.
D.T.M. Example 2 This example illustrates the phases used to create a escarpment beginning from a quoted polyline and arriving at the intersection line with the terrain. Phase 1 - Assign a quote polyline from plane After designing a closed polyline, activate the “Assign a quote polyline from plane” command and select the polyline. Figure 559: Verify that the “Select plane for assigning quote” window appears and then indicate the plane selection at 3 points, continue.
D.T.M. Figure 561: Figure 562: Reference file ExProg1.fw1 Phase 2 - Create triangles within polyline To highlight the triangles within the polyline the user must first create a new project using the “D.T.M./Manage level curves” command.
D.T.M. Figure 563: Activating the “D.T.M./Planning/Create triangles within polyline” command will open the selection symbol used to indicate the polyline within which the triangles highlighted in red will be created, after changing the color with the “Format/Level curve appearance”. Figure 564: Reference file ExProg2.fw1 Phase 3 - Create escarpment After creating the triangles, use the “D.T.M.
D.T.M. Figure 566: Reference file ExProg3.fw1 Phase 4 - Create escarpment at DTM To create the escarpment at DTM, use the “D.T.M./Planning/Create escarpment at DTM” command to first identify the external polyline and then a point external to it, for example 828. Figure 567: When the point selection (828) is made, the “Generate escarpment at DTM” window appears used to identify the excavation slope at 100 and the fill slope at 100; press OK and verify the excavation created.
D.T.M. See the final result in the image below. Figure 569: Example 3 - Excavation project Planning an excavation can be done in two ways: -Using the DTM Guided|Planning|Excavation Project procedure; -Using the individual commands available in the Planning menu. Here following is the description of the guided procedure and an example showing the planning of an excavation using both methods.
D.T.M. The left part of the window shows the current operation in bold. In this case, the user must select the beginning project (the destination project is represented by the active one). Figure 571: Press the “Forward” button to continue to the window that, pressing the “Activate” button will open the Graphic View and allow the user to define the area where the work will be executed.
D.T.M. Figure 573: If the user selects to apply a horizontal plane then during the “Change parameters” phase, the quote value must be inserted. Figure 574: Instead, if the user decides to apply an inclined plane at three points, then the three points must be selected in Graphic. Once the selection is made, the program will display the window shown here to the side where the coordinates of the selected points are summarized (that can also be changed).
D.T.M. Figure 575: Finally, if the user tells the program to use an inclined plane by slope values, the user must select two points in Graphic that are used to calculate the slope values. Once this operation is completed, the program will open a window showing the coordinates of the first selected point, the slopes and calculated directions. Figure 576: The last window is used by the program to show the user the results of the operation.
D.T.M. Figure 577: In the “constraints option” section, the user can select to not create triangles, and to create them only by project and to create them merging the survey. At the end of the procedure, noted coordinate points will be created on the salient points so as to allow easy calculation of a triangulation representing the created excavation; the result of the procedure can also be viewed directly in the Graphic View.
D.T.M. Figure 578: Once the “DTM|Planning|Excavation project” procedure is activated, the program will ask the user to select the beginning project. The destination project is always the active one. Figure 579: Press “Forward>” and the user must identify the area involved in the project: in this case, the user just selects it.
D.T.M. Figure 580: After selecting the area, the procedure asks the user to indicate the excavation and fill slope. In our case, it was determined to leave it constant for all sides and to assign a value of 100 to both. Press “Forward>” and the procedure will ask the user to indicate the method for identifying the plane to run the calculation. Figure 581: In this example, the horizontal plane was selected and therefore, in the next window, the user must insert the quote (300).
D.T.M. Figure 582: The procedure continues with calculating the excavation and, once completed, opens the window with the results. Besides this, the user can select whether to create notable points (Group 1) and/or whether or not to run the triangulation (in this example it was determined to create only project triangles). Figure 583: The result in Graphic View is shown in the image below.
D.T.M. Figure 584: Reference file Ex3_1_FinalResult.fw1 The result of creating notable points is shown in the image below.
D.T.M. 2 Method - Excavation project Phase 1 - Created projects Before activating the procedure, at least 2 projects must have been created. Figure 586: The reference example is “Example3.fw1”. Figure 587: Phase 2 - Design polyline Use the “Design/2D Polyline” command and with the connect point instrument design a closed polyline with the points: 817 ,72, 1473, 737.
D.T.M. Figure 588: Reference file: Es3_2_Phase2.fw1 Phase 3 - Assign a quote from plane Use the “DTM/Planning/Assign polyline quote from plane” command to select the created polyline and select the horizontal plane in the Select Plane window for assigning the quote. Press “Forward>”. Figure 589: Insert the next horizontal plane quote value equal to 300 into the next window; then End.
Use the “DTM/Planning/Create escarpment from DTM” command to select the polyline and then a point external to it, verify that the “Generate escarpment at DTM” window opens used to insert 100 for the excavation slope and 100 for the fill slope. Figure 591: Observe the result in the image below. Figure 592: Reference file Ex3_2_Phase4.fw1 Planning 1020509-01 423 D.T.M.
Use the “DTM/Planning/Create triangles within polyline” command to select the polyline and verify the creation of the triangles, as seen in the image below. Figure 593: Reference file Ex3_2_Phase5.fw1 Phase 6 - Extract pt. from triangles Use the “DTM/Planning/Extract pt. from triangles” command and the “Assign names to points” window will immediately appear, used to identify the reference project, the group name and the name of the points. The result of creating the points is shown in the image below.
D.T.M. Calculate volumes There are two types of calculation available in the program: 1.Calculate absolute volumes; 2.Calculate volumes between models. Here below is a description of these two procedures that can be activated in the Graphic View using the “D.T.M.” menu. Calculating volumes is done by using the current triangulation; as such, it is necessary that it has already been calculated when executing either one of the two commands for calculating volumes.
D.T.M. Figure 596: In the second window of the procedure the user can select the method for running the options calculation and the method used for identifying the reference plane; in total there are nine combinations. Figure 597: The appearance of the third window depends on the selected method of calculation. If the calculation method includes identifying an inclined plane between two or three points, the program will first proceed to a third window asking the user to graphically select the points.
•Inclined slope values: the calculation is done according to an inclined plane. A direction must be identified (two points) and the slope values inserted. The program will find the compensation plane with the desired slope and direction. 3.absolute calculation by plane identified by program: •Compensation plane and minimum earth movement: the calculation is done in accordance to an inclined plane.
D.T.M. Figure 599: Finally, if the inclined plane was selected, the user must initially select two points using the Graphic View. When the selection is completed, the procedure suggests the window seen here to the side that includes: 1) the coordinates of the first selected point; 2) the slope values along the direction identified graphically; 3) the slope values transversally and at the angle of direction; All of this data can be found using the two points selected in Graphic.
D.T.M. Figure 601: After showing various examples of the third procedure window, here is the description of the fourth window. In the “Graphic Options” section, the user can tell the program whether to print the results obtained or to print partials.
Figure 603: The final results of the calculation include the following information: •Total horizontal surfaces: represents the area projected on the horizontal plane of the region considered for the volumes calculation. •Total solid surfaces: this is the sum of the surface of all faces of the considered triangles. •Total excavation volume: represents the quantity of the calculated excavation. •Total fill volume: represents the quantity of the calculated fill.
D.T.M. Figure 604: Once the preview is printed or closed, the no. 5 window appears where the user can select whether or not to create project points and in which Coordinates Points Booklet group to insert them. The quantity of points created will correspond to the quantity of triangle vertices that fall within or on the polygon vertices taken into consideration for the calculation (or all of them if all triangles have been used).
D.T.M. Figure 606: This example has the volumes calculation run on all triangles. Figure 607: After specifying the surface on which to run the calculation, the user must indicate the method for running the calculation as well as the method for identifying the reference plane. In this example the calculation is run on the horizontal plane and the program will identify a quote by which the excavation will be equal to the fill.
D.T.M. Figure 608: In the next window the user must insert the Excavation/Fill Coefficient. Figure 609: Press “Forward>” and the procedure will run the calculation and then display the window where the user can set the print options. In this case, the selection was made to print the final results and create the Excavation/Fill lines.
D.T.M. Figure 610: Final result. Figure 611: This example selected to not create project points.
D.T.M. Figure 612: Example 2 The example offered is the “Quoted Plane.fw1” available in the customization file examples (?|Explore customization file). In this example we suggest running the volumes calculation on a polygon that must be selected graphically.
Figure 614: Once the design is complete the user can select the calculation method (for a fixed plane) and identify the plane (Inclined: slope values). Given that identification of the plane is done by the slope values, the user must select 2 points that indicate the direction and angle of the slope. Figure 615: Calculate volumes 1020509-01 436 D.T.M. In fact, pressing “Forward>” the procedure will activate the Graphic View specifically to select the polygon on which to run the calculation.
D.T.M. Press “Forward>” and the procedure will reactivate the Graphic View specifically to identify the two points. Figure 616: Once the selection is completed, the procedure will suggest values for the slope, for the direction and the coordinates of the first selected point. Figure 617: Press “Forward>” and the final window will appear where the user can set the print options. In this case, besides printing the final results, we decided to also print the partials “With coordinates”.
D.T.M. Figure 618: Final result. Figure 619: Once the printout is complete, the user can decide to create project points.
D.T.M. Figure 620: The image below shows that the project points were created and inserted into Group 1 of the Noted Coordinates Points Booklet as indicated in the last window of the procedure. Figure 621: Calculate volumes between models The calculation of the volumes between models allows the user to determine the volume contained in the current DTM and another one selected by the user.
1.First of all the user must determine whether to run the calculation on all triangles or just one region bordered by a closed polyline; 2.The program examines each triangle found in the second survey; for each one of these it identifies the triangle or portions thereof corresponding to the first survey. The program will calculate the prismoid volume determined as follows; 3.The calculation is run on all triangles enclosed within the selected region and totals the partial results.
D.T.M. Figure 623: The “Options for volumes calculation-4” is used to specify: 1.The information to include in the print report; 2.Whether to create the excavation/fill lines; 3.Whether to create the DTM of the quote differences between the two models.
D.T.M. Figure 625: Analyzing the partial results it can be seen that first the coordinates of the vertices for each individual triangle of the second project are reported and then the coordinates of the triangles and their portions of the first project are reported with which they are intersected; finally, the volumes calculated portion for portion are reported. Figure 626: Example 1 This example is the suggestion to run the calculation of the volumes between models.
D.T.M. Figure 627: The command displays a window used to select the second file. Figure 628: Press OK and verify that the window appears used to select “Consider all triangles”.
D.T.M. Figure 629: Press “Forward” and the program will display the “Options for volumes calculation” window used to select whether: - to print the final results; - to print the partial results; - or not to create the excavation or fill lines; - or not to create the DTM of the differences. Figure 630: Below is the image of the final results printout.
D.T.M.
D.T.M. Calculate leveled sections volumes Print calculation of leveled sections volumes The calculation of volumes is done with the leveled sections method . Figure 632: To run the printout of the leveled sections the user must first select the Profile where the sections and profiles were calculated.
D.T.M. Figure 633: After selecting the profile, the program launches the print display. The printout includes the analytical calculation section by section of the calculations executed. For each section, the volume compensated between excavation and fill is calculated and its algebraic total with the values of the previous sections.
D.T.M. Create file with leveled sections volumes The functionality of this command is similar to “Print Adjusted Section Volumes Calculation” with the difference being that the result must be stored on an ASCII or DOC/HTML file. Here to the side is an image of the DOC/HTML format print preview.
D.T.M. • Options for the calculation: Subdivide triangles with larger side at [m]: this is a parameter to be used especially when the survey was not done on a regular grid but rather with a topographic instrument and therefore with irregular points, as such it adjusts the maximum distance for the operating machine to run during the work operations. Do not consider movements with volumes less than [mc]: indicates the minimum value to consider in decomposing the movements. Normally a value of 0.
D.T.M. Figure 638: Generate maps The “Generate maps” command can be activated from the D.T.M. Menu in the Graphic View and is used to create maps of the altimeters, slopes or the exposure beginning with the mathematical model of the terrain corresponding to the active project. Executing the command will launch a guided procedure described below.
It is important to keep in mind that if the interval selected for the quoting determines the overlay of the legend’s text then the program will automatically change it to avoid this inconvenience. Figure 640: After the “Legend” window there is a “Resolution” window used to indicate the parameters for defining the resolution of the image (scale, resolution, margins) and the scale of values.
D.T.M. The user interval allows setting the value of the extremes based on the user demands. Once the data on the map resolution are inserted, the next window is “Colors”. This window is used to tell the program which colors to use in the map; the available commands are: •“Add” to add a color; •“Remove” to remove a color; •“Up” and “Down” to change the order of the inserted colors. The background of the image that holds the map can also be selected (black or white).
Sokkia® is a registered trademark of the Topcon group of companies Concerns regarding this Sokkia product may be sent to Service and Repair Department, Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc., 7400 National Drive, Livermore, California 94550 www.sokkia.com Specifications subject to change without notice. All rights reserved.
