User Manual TDS 520A, 524A, 540A, & 544A Digitizing Oscilloscopes 070-8710-01 Please check for change information at the rear of this manual.
Instrument Serial Numbers Each instrument manufactured by Tektronix has a serial number on a panel insert or tag, or stamped on the chassis. The first letter in the serial number designates the country of manufacture. The last five digits of the serial number are assigned sequentially and are unique to each instrument. Those manufactured in the United States have six unique digits. The country of manufacture is identified as follows: B010000 E200000 J300000 H700000 Tektronix, Inc.
WARRANTY Tektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3) years from the date of shipment. If any such product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product.
German Postal Information Certificate of the Manufacturer/Importer We hereby certify that the TDS 520A, TDS 524A, TDS 540A, and TDS 544A Oscilloscopes and all factory-installed options complies with the RF Interference Suppression requirements of Postal Regulation Vfg. 243/1991, Amended per Vfg. 46/1992 The German Postal Service was notified that the equipment is being marketed. The German Postal Service has the right to re-test the series and to verify that it complies.
EC Declaration of Conformity We Tektronix Holland N.V. Marktweg 73A 8444 AB Heerenveen The Netherlands declare under sole responsibility that the TDS 520A, 524A, 540A, & 544A Digitizing Oscilloscopes meet the intent of Directive 89/336/EEC for Electromagnetic Compatibility.
Welcome This is the User Manual for the TDS Family Digitizing Oscilloscopes. The Getting Started section familiarizes you with the operation of the digitizing oscilloscope. Operating Basics covers basic principles of the operation of the oscilloscope. These articles help you understand why your instrument works the way it does. The Reference section teaches you how to perform specific tasks. See page 3-1 for a complete list of tasks covered in that section.
Welcome Conventions In the Getting Started and Reference sections, you will find various procedures which contain steps of instructions for you to perform. To keep those instructions clear and consistent, this manual uses the following conventions: H In procedures, names of front panel controls and menu labels appear in boldface print. H Names also appear in the same case (initial capitals, all uppercase, etc.) in the manual as is used on the oscilloscope front panel and menus.
Table of Contents Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Start Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Setting Up for the Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 Example 1: Displaying a Waveform . . . . . . .
Table of Contents File System (Optional on TDS 520A & TDS 540A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-55 Hardcopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-59 Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-67 Horizontal Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-68 Limit Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Safety Please take a moment to review these safety precautions. They are provided for your protection and to prevent damage to the digitizing oscilloscope. This safety information applies to all operators and service personnel. Symbols and Terms These two terms appear in manuals: H statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to the equipment or other property. H statements identify conditions or practices that could result in personal injury or loss of life.
Safety Specific Precautions Observe all of these precautions to ensure your personal safety and to prevent damage to either the digitizing oscilloscope or equipment connected to it. Power Source The digitizing oscilloscope is intended to operate from a power source that will not apply more than 250 VRMS between the supply conductors or between either supply conductor and ground. A protective ground connection, through the grounding conductor in the power cord, is essential for safe system operation.
Getting Started
Product Description Your Tektronix digitizing oscilloscope is a superb tool for acquiring, displaying, and measuring waveforms. Its performance addresses the needs of both benchtop lab and portable applications with the following features: H 500 MHz maximum analog bandwidth. H 1 Gigasample/second maximum digitizing rate (TDS 540A & 544A); 500 Megasamples/second maximum digitizing rate (TDS 520A & 524A).
Product Description 1Ć2 Getting Started
Start Up Before you use the digitizing oscilloscope, ensure that it is properly installed and powered on. Before You Begin To ensure maximum accuracy for your most critical measurements, you should know about signal path compensation. Signal Path Compensation Be sure you compensate your oscilloscope for the surrounding temperature. This action, called Signal Path Compensation (SPC), ensures maximum possible accuracy for your most critical measurements.
Start Up 4. Check that you have the proper electrical connections. The digitizing oscilloscope requires 90 to 250 VAC RMS, continuous range, 47 Hz to 63 Hz, and may require up to 300 W. 5. Connect the proper power cord from the rear-panel power connector (see Figure 1-1) to the power system. Power Connector Principal Power Switch Fuse Figure 1-1: Rear Panel Controls Used in Start Up Table 1-1: Fuse and Fuse Cap Part Numbers Fuse Fuse Part Number Fuse Cap Part Number .25 inch × 1.25 inch (UL 198.
Start Up Once the digitizing oscilloscope is installed, it is typical to leave the principal power switch on and use the ON/STBY button as the power switch. ON/STBY Button Figure 1-2: ON/STBY Button Self Test Check the self test results. The digitizing oscilloscope automatically performs power-up tests each time it is turned on. It will come up with a display screen that states whether or not it passed self test. (If the self test passed, the status display screen will be removed after a few seconds.
Setting Up for the Examples All the examples use the same setup. Once you perform this setup, you do not have to change the signal connections for any of the other examples. Remove all probes and signal inputs from the input BNC connectors along the lower right of the front panel. Then, using one of the probes supplied with the digitizing oscilloscope, connect from the CH 1 connector to the PROBE COMPENSATION connectors (see Figure 1-3).
Example 1: Displaying a Waveform In this first example you learn about resetting the digitizing oscilloscope, displaying and adjusting a waveform, and using the autoset function. Resetting the Digitizing Oscilloscope All examples in the tutorial begin by resetting the digitizing oscilloscope to a known factory default state. Reset the oscilloscope when you begin a new task and need to “start fresh” with known default settings. 1. Press the save/recall SETUP button to display the Setup menu (Figure 1-4).
Example 1: Displaying a Waveform 2. Press the button directly below the Recall Factory Setup menu item. The display shows side menus along the right side of the screen. The buttons to select these side menu items are to the right of the side menu. Because an accidental instrument reset could destroy a setup that took a long time to create, the digitizing oscilloscope asks you to verify the Recall Factory Setup selection (see Figure 1-5). 3.
Example 1: Displaying a Waveform Display Elements Figure 1-7 shows the display that results from the instrument reset. There are several important points to observe: H The trigger level bar shows that the waveform is triggered at a level near 50% of its amplitude (from step 4). H The trigger position indicator shows that the trigger position of the waveform is located at the horizontal center of the graticule.
Example 1: Displaying a Waveform Adjusting the Waveform Display The display shows the probe compensation signal. It is a 1 kHz square wave of approximately 0.5 V amplitude. You can adjust the size and placement of the waveform using the front-panel knobs. Figure 1-8 shows the main VERTICAL and HORIZONTAL sections of the front panel. Each has SCALE and POSITION knobs. 1. Turn the vertical SCALE knob clockwise.
Example 1: Displaying a Waveform 1. To create an unstable display, slowly turn the trigger MAIN LEVEL knob (see Figure 1-9) first one direction, then the other. Observe what happens when you move the trigger level above the highest part of the displayed waveform. Leave the trigger level in that untriggered state. 2. Press AUTOSET (see Figure 1-10) and observe the stable waveform display.
Example 1: Displaying a Waveform Figure 1-11: The Display After Pressing Autoset NOTE If the corners on your displayed signal look rounded or pointed (see Figure 1-12), then you may need to compensate your probe. The Probe Compensation section on page 3-110 explains how to compensate your probe.
Example 2: Multiple Waveforms In this example you learn how to display and control more than one waveform at a time. Adding a Waveform The VERTICAL section of the front panel contains the channel selection buttons. These are CH 1, CH 2, CH 3, CH 4, and MORE (Figure 1-13); on the TDS 620A & 524A, they are CH 1, CH 2, AUX 1, AUX 2, and MORE. Figure 1-13: The Channel Buttons and Lights Each of the channel (CH) buttons has a light above its label. Right now, the CH 1 light is on.
Example 2: Multiple Waveforms 3. Press AUTOSET. 4. Press CH 2. The display shows a second waveform, which represents the signal on channel 2. Since there is nothing connected to the CH 2 input connector, this waveform is a flat line. There are several other important things to observe: H The channel readout on the display now shows the settings for both Ch1 and Ch2. H There are two channel indicators at the left edge of the graticule. Right now, they overlap.
Example 2: Multiple Waveforms Ch2 Reference Indicator Side Menu Title Figure 1-14: The Vertical Main Menu and Coupling Side Menu Changing Controls to Another Channel Pressing a channel (CH) button sets the vertical controls to that channel. It also adds the channel to the display if that waveform is not already displayed. 1. Press CH 1. Observe that now the side menu title shows Ch1 (Figure 1-15), and that the light above CH 1 is lighted.
Example 2: Multiple Waveforms Side Menu Title Figure 1-15: The Menus After Changing Channels Removing a Waveform Pressing the WAVEFORM OFF button removes the waveform for the currently selected channel. If the waveform you want to remove is not already selected, select that channel using the channel (CH) button. 1. Press WAVEFORM OFF (under the vertical SCALE knob). Since the CH 2 light was on when you pressed the WAVEFORM OFF button, the channel 2 waveform was removed.
Example 3: Automated Measurements In this example you learn how to use the automated measurement system to get numeric readouts of important waveform characteristics. Displaying Automated Measurements To use the automated measurement system, you must have a stable display of your signal. Also, the waveform must have all the segments necessary for the measurement you want. For example, a rise time measurement requires at least one rising edge, and a frequency measurement needs at least one complete cycle.
Example 3: Automated Measurements 5. If it is not already selected, press Select Measrmnt (main). The readout for that menu item indicates which channel the measurement will be taken from. All automated measurements are made on the selected channel. The Select Measurement side menu lists some of the measurements that can be taken on waveforms. There are many different measurements available; up to four can be taken and displayed at any one time.
Example 3: Automated Measurements Press here to remove menus from screen. Figure 1-17: Four Simultaneous Measurement Readouts Removing Measurement Readouts The Measure menu lets you remove measurements you no longer want displayed. You can remove any one measurement, or you can remove them all with a single menu item. Changing the Measurement Reference Levels By default, the measurement system will use the 10% and 90% levels of the waveform for taking the rise time measurement.
Example 3: Automated Measurements General Purpose Knob Setting and Readout General Purpose Knob Icon Highlighted Menu Item with Boxed Readout Value Figure 1-18: General Purpose Knob Indicators There are several important things to observe on the screen: H The knob icon appears at the top of the screen. The knob icon indicates that the general purpose knob has just been set to adjust a parameter. H The upper right corner of the screen shows the readout High Ref: 90%.
Example 3: Automated Measurements 1. Press Low Ref (side). ) but2. On the numeric keypad, press the 2, the 0, and the ENTER ( tons, which sets the low measurement reference to 20%. Observe that the rise-time value has changed. 3. Press Remove Measrmnt (main) ➞ All Measurements (side). That returns the display to its original state. Displaying a Snapshot of Automated Measurements You have seen how to display up to four individual automated measurements on screen.
Example 3: Automated Measurements The snapshot measurements do not continuously update. Snapshot executes a one-time capture of all measurements and does not update those measurements unless it is performed again. 2. Press Again (side) to do another snapshot and update the snapshot measurements. 3. Press Remove Measrmnt (main) to remove the snapshot display. (You can also press CLEAR MENU, but a new snapshot will be executed the next time you display the Measure menu.
Example 4: Saving Setups This example shows you how to save all the settings of the digitizing oscilloscope and how to recall the setup later to quickly re-establish the previously saved state. The oscilloscope provides several storage locations where you can save the setups. With the file system (optional on the TDS 620A & TDS 640A), you can also save setups to a floppy disk.
Example 4: Saving Setups Figure 1-20: Save/Recall Setup Menu 7. Press one of the To Setup side menu buttons to store the current instrument settings into that setup location. Remember which setup location you selected for use later. There are more setup locations than can be listed at one time in the side menu. The –more– side menu item gives you access to all the setup locations.
Operating Basics
Overview This section describes the basic concepts of operating the digitizing oscilloscope. Understanding the basic concepts of your digitizing oscilloscope will help you use it much more effectively. The first part, At a Glance, quickly shows you how the oscilloscope is organized and gives some very general operating instructions. It also contains an overview of all the main menus.
Overview 2Ć2 Operating Basics
At a Glance The At a Glance section contains illustrations of the display, the front and rear panels, and the menu system. These will help you understand and operate the digitizing oscilloscope. This section also contains a visual guide to using the menu system.
At a Glance Front Panel Map — Right Side Measurement System, page 3-86 Cursor Measurements, page 3-17 Saving and Recalling Waveforms, page 3-133 File System, page 3-55 (Optional on TDS 620A & TDS 640A) Hardcopy, page 3-59 File System, page 3-55 Color, page 3-12 (TDS 644A & TDS 524A) Display Modes, page 3-28 Remote Communication, page 3-126 Acquisition Modes, page 3-3 Cursor Measurements, page 3-17 Saving and Recalling Setups, page 3-130 Autoset, page 3-10 Help, page 3-67 Status, page 3-140 Selecti
At a Glance Rear Panel Map Principal Power Switch, page 1-3 Fuse, page 1-3 Centronics Connector (Optional on TDS 620A & TDS 640A) Serial Number RS-232 Connector (Optional on TDS 620A & TDS 640A) Power Connector, page 1-3 GPIB Connector page 3-126 Rear Panel Connectors (on TDS 540A & 544A only) Security Bracket VGA Output (Color with TDS 524A SIGNAL OUTPUT – & TDS 644A, (Provides CH3 analog signal output) Monochrome with AUX TRIGGER INPUT – TDS 620A & (Provides auxiliary trigger signal input) TDS 6
At a Glance Display Map The acquisition status, page 3-3 Trigger position (T), page 3-142 The value entered with the general purpose knob When present, the general purpose knob makes coarse adjustments; when absent, fine adjustments The waveform record icon Indicates position of vertical bar cursors in the waveform record, page 3-147 Shows what part of the waveform record is displayed, page 3-68 Trigger level on waveform (may be an arrow at right side of screen instead of a bar) Cursor measurements,
At a Glance To Operate a Menu 1. Press front-panel menu button. (Press SHIFT first if button label is blue.) 2. Press one of these buttons to select from main menu. 3. Press one of these buttons to select from side menu (if displayed). 4. If side menu item has an adjustable value (shown in reverse video), adjust it with the general purpose knob or keypad.
At a Glance To Operate a Pop-Up Menu Press to display pop-ups. Press here to remove menus from screen. Press it again to make selection. Alternatively, press SHIFT first to make selection in the opposite direction. A pop-up selection changes the other main menu titles.
At a Glance Menu Map Press these buttons: To bring up these menus: Acquire Menu (see page 3-3) Application Menu (see the Programmer manual for more details) Cursor Menu (see page 3-17) Delayed Trigger Menu (see page 3-22) Display Menu – Color (TDS 524A & TDS 544A) (see page 3-12 ) Display Menu – Display (TDS 524A & TDS 544A) (see page 3-28) Display Menu – Display (TDS 520A & TDS 540A) (see page 3-28) Horizontal Menu (see page 3-68) TDS 520A, 524A, 540A, & 544A User Manual 2Ć9
At a Glance Press these buttons: To bring up these menus: Hardcopy Menu (TDS 620A & TDS 640A) (see page 3-59) Hardcopy Menu (TDS 644A & TDS 524A) (see page 3-59) Main Trigger Menu – Edge (see page 3-34) Main Trigger Menu – Logic (see page 3-78) Main Trigger Menu –Pulse (see page 3-119) Measure Menu (see page 3-86) More Menu (see page 3-159) Save/Recall Setup Menu (see page 3-130) Save/Recall Waveform Menu (see page 3-133) Status Menu (see page 3-140) 2Ć10 Operating Basics
At a Glance Press these buttons: To bring up these menus: Utility Menu – Calibration (see page ) Utility Menu – Config (see pages ) Utility Menu – Diagnostics (see the Service manual) Utility Menu – I/O – GPIB (see page 3-126) Utility Menu – I/O – RS232 (optional on TDS 620A & TDS 640A) (see page 3-126) Vertical Channel Menu (see page 3-147) Zoom Menu (see page 3-162) TDS 620A, 640A, & 644A User Manual 2Ć11
At a Glance 2Ć12 Operating Basics
Triggering This section describes the edge trigger of the main trigger system and explores, in a general sense, the topic of triggering. This oscilloscope also has logic and pulse triggers in the main trigger system and a delayed trigger system. They are described in Section 3. Triggers determine when the digitizing oscilloscope starts acquiring and displaying a waveform. They help create meaningful waveforms from unstable jumbles or blank screens (see Figure 2-1).
Triggering H AC Line Voltage — this trigger source is useful when you are looking at signals related to the power line frequency. Examples include devices such as lighting equipment and power supplies. Because the digitizing oscilloscope generates the trigger, you do not have to input a signal to create the trigger. H Auxiliary Trigger — this trigger source is useful in digital design and repair.
Triggering H Automatic — this trigger mode (auto mode) lets the oscilloscope acquire a waveform even if a trigger does not occur. Auto mode uses a timer that starts after a trigger event occurs. If another trigger event is not detected before the timer times out, the oscilloscope forces a trigger anyway. The length of time it waits for a trigger event depends on the time base setting.
Triggering Acquisition Interval Acquisition Interval Trigger Points Trigger Level Holdoff Holdoff Holdoff Triggers are Not Recognized During Holdoff Time Figure 2-2: Trigger Holdoff Time Ensures Valid Triggering Holdoff is settable from 0% (minimum holdoff available) to 100% (maximum available). To see how to set holdoff, see Mode & Holdoff on page 3-37. The minimum and maximum holdoff varies with the horizontal scale.
Triggering Trigger Position The adjustable trigger position defines where on the waveform record the trigger occurs. It lets you properly align and measure data within records. The part of the record that occurs before the trigger is the pretrigger portion. The part that occurs after the trigger is the posttrigger portion. To help you visualize the trigger position setting, the top part of the display has an icon indicating where the trigger occurs in the waveform record.
Triggering Delayed Trigger As mentioned earlier in this section there is also a delayed trigger system that provides an edge trigger (no pulse or logic triggers). When using the delayed time base, you can also delay the acquisition of a waveform for a user-specified time or a user-specified number of delayed trigger events (or both) after a main trigger event. For More Information See Delayed Triggering, on page 3-22. See Edge Triggering, on page 3-34. See Horizontal Controls, on page 3-68.
Acquisition Acquisition is the process of sampling the analog input signal, converting it into digital data, and assembling it into a waveform record. The oscilloscope creates a digital representation of the input signal by sampling the voltage level of the signal at regular time intervals (Figure 2-4). +5.0 V 0V +5.0 V 0V 0V 0V –5.0 V Input Signal Sampled Points –5.
Acquisition The digitizer can use the extra samples to perform additional processing, such as averaging or looking for minimum and maximum values. The digitizing oscilloscope creates a waveform record containing a user-specified number of data points. Each record point represents a certain voltage level that occurs a determined amount of time from the trigger event. Record Length The number of points that make up the waveform record is defined by the record length.
Acquisition If you focus on only one channel at the maximum possible real-time rate, the TDS 524A and TDS 620A oscilloscopes can acquire at 500 Megasamples/ second using both its digitizers, while the TDS 644A and TDS 640A oscilloscopes can combine all four digitizers and acquire at 1 Gigasample/second. Depending on how many channels you are using and the speed of the time base, at some point the digitizing oscilloscope will not be able to get enough samples to create a waveform record.
Acquisition Record Points 1st Acquisition Cycle 2nd Acquisition Cycle 3rd Acquisition Cycle nth Acquisition Cycle Figure 2-7: Equivalent-Time Sampling The oscilloscope takes a few samples with each trigger event and eventually constructs a waveform record using the samples from multiple acquisitions. That feature lets you accurately acquire signals with frequencies much higher than the digitizing oscilloscope real-time bandwidth.
Acquisition Table 2-1: Sampling Mode Selection — 100 ns/Div to 50 ns/Div (When Fit to Screen is Off) Acquisition Modes Instrument and Number of Channels 100 ns/Div 50 ns/Div TDS 544A & 540A, any 1 channel Real-time Real-time TDS 544A & 540A, any 2 channels Real-time Equivalent-time or interpolated real-time TDS 544A & 540A, 3 or more channels Equivalent-time or interpolated real-time Equivalent-time or interpolated real-time TDS 524A & 520A, any 1 channel Real-time Equivalent-time or interp
Acquisition H Ground (GND) coupling disconnects the input signal from the acquisition. H Input impedance lets you select either 1 MW or 50 W impedance. NOTE If you select 50 W impedance with AC coupling, the digitizing oscilloscope will not accurately display frequencies under 200 kHz. For More Information 2Ć24 See Scaling and Positioning Waveforms, on page 2-25. See Acquisition Modes, on page 3-3.
Scaling and Positioning Waveforms Scaling and positioning waveforms means increasing or decreasing their displayed size and moving them up, down, right, and left on the display. Two display icons, the channel reference indicator and the record view, help you quickly see the position of the waveform in the display (see Figure 2-8). The channel reference icon points to the ground of the waveform record when offset is set to 0 V.
Scaling and Positioning Waveforms Vertical System You can adjust the vertical position of the selected waveform by moving it up or down on the display. For example, when trying to compare multiple waveforms, you can put one above another and compare them, or you can overlay the two waveforms on top of each other. To move the selected waveform turn the vertical POSITION knob. You can also alter the vertical scale.
Scaling and Positioning Waveforms Aliasing When aliasing happens, you see a waveform with a frequency lower than the actual waveform being input or a waveform is not stable even though the light next to TRIG’D is lit. Aliasing occurs because the oscilloscope cannot sample the signal fast enough to construct an accurate waveform record (Figure 2-9).
Scaling and Positioning Waveforms FastFrameTM You can define and enable FastFrameTM (also called “segmented memory”) on the TDS 600A. This feature lets you capture multiple acquisitions in the acquisition memory of a single channel. Figure 2-10 shows how FastFrame combines the desired captured records into one larger record. For example, FastFrame would let you store 10 records of 500 samples each into one record with a 5000 sample length.
Scaling and Positioning Waveforms For More Information See Autoset, on page 3-10. See Delayed Triggering, on page 3-22. See Horizontal Control, on page 3-68. See Vertical Control, on page 3-147. See Zoom, on page 3-162.
Measurements The digitizing oscilloscope not only displays graphs of voltage versus time, it also can help you measure the displayed information (see Figure 2-11). Cursor Readouts Automated Measurements Graticule Ch 1 Frequency 100 MHz Ch 1 Period 10 ns Cursors Figure 2-11: Graticule, Cursor and Automated Measurements Measurement Sources The oscilloscope provides three measurement classes. They are: automated, cursors, and graticule measurements.
Measurements The snapshot selection in the Measurement menu lets you display almost all of the measurements at once. You can read about snapshot under Snapshot of Measurements, on page 3-95. Automated measurements use readouts to show measurement status. These readouts are updated as the oscilloscope acquires new data or if you change settings. Cursor Measurements Cursors are fast and easy-to-understand measurements.
Measurements H Tracking mode cursors operate in tandem: you move both cursors at the same time using the general purpose knob. To adjust the solid cursor relative to the dashed cursor, you push the SELECT button to suspend cursor tracking and use the general purpose knob to make the adjustment. A second push toggles the cursors back to tracking. You can read more detailed information about how to use cursors in Cursor Measurements, beginning on page 3-17.
Reference
Overview This section describes the details of operating the digitizing oscilloscope. It contains an alphabetical list of tasks you can perform with the digitizing oscilloscope. Use this section to answer specific questions about instrument operation.
Overview 3Ć2 Reference
Acquisition Modes The acquisition system has several options for converting analog data into digital form. The Acquisition menu lets you determine the acquisition mode, whether or not to permit equivalent time sampling, and how to start and stop acquisitions. Description of Modes The digitizing oscilloscope supports five acquisition modes.
Acquisition Modes Single Waveform Acquisition Samples Acquired in Four Acquisition Intervals Interval 1 2 3 Acquisition Mode Displayed Record Points Waveform Drawn on CRT 4 Sample Uses first sample in interval Use for fastest acquisition rate. This is the default mode. Peak Detect Uses highest and lowest samples in two intervals Use to reveal aliasing and for glitch detection. Provides the benefits of enveloping with the speed of a single acquisition.
Acquisition Modes Hi Res Mode In Hi Res mode, the digitizing oscilloscope averages all samples taken during an acquisition interval to create a record point. That average results in a higher-resolution, lower-bandwidth waveform. This mode only works with real-time, non-interpolated sampling. If you set the time base so fast that it requires real-time interpolation or equivalent-time sampling, the mode automatically becomes Sample, although the menu selection will not change.
Acquisition Modes After each trigger event, the oscilloscope acquires data and then compares the min/max values from the current acquisition with those stored from previous acquisitions. The final display shows the most extreme values for all the acquisitions for each point in the waveform record. Average Mode Average mode lets you acquire and display a waveform record that is the averaged result of several acquisitions. This mode reduces random noise.
Acquisition Modes Operation To bring up the acquisition menu (Figure 3-2) press SHIFT ACQUIRE MENU. Acquisition Mode To choose how the digitizing oscilloscope will create points in the waveform record: Press SHIFT ACQUIRE MENU ➞ Mode (main) ➞ Sample, Peak Detect, Hi Res, Envelope, or Average (side). When you select Envelope or Average, you can enter the number of waveform records to be enveloped or averaged using the keypad or the general purpose knob.
Acquisition Modes Figure 3-3: Acquire Menu — Stop After H RUN/STOP button only (side) lets you start or stop acquisitions by toggling the RUN/STOP button. Pressing the RUN/STOP button once will stop the acquisitions. The upper left hand corner in the display will say Stopped and show the number of acquisitions. If you press the button again, the digitizing oscilloscope will resume taking acquisitions. H Press Single Acquisition Sequence (side).
Acquisition Modes H Limit Test Condition Met (side) lets you acquire waveforms until waveform data exceeds the limits specified in the limit test. Then acquisition stops. At that point, you can also specify other actions for the oscilloscope to take, using the selections available in the Limit Test Setup main menu. NOTE In order for the digitizing oscilloscope to stop an acquisition when limit test conditions have been met, limit testing must be turned ON, using the Limit Test Setup main menu.
Autoset The autoset function lets you quickly obtain and display a stable waveform of usable size. Autoset automatically sets up the front panel controls based on the characteristics of the input signal. It is much faster and easier than a manual control-by-control setup. Autoset makes adjustments in these areas: H Acquisition H Display H Horizontal H Trigger H Vertical NOTE Autoset may change vertical position in order to position the waveform appropriately. It always sets vertical offset to 0 V.
Autoset Table 3-2: Autoset Defaults Control Changed by Autoset to Selected channel Numerically lowest of the displayed channels Acquire Mode Sample Acquire Repetitive Signal On Acquire Stop After RUN/STOP button only Display Style Vectors Display Intensity — Overall (TDS 640A & TDS 620A) If less than 50%, set to 75% Display Format YT FastFrameTM Off Horizontal Position Centered within the graticule window Horizontal Scale As determined by the signal frequency Horizontal Time Base Mai
Color (TDS 524A & TDS 644A) The TDS 524A & TDS 644A can display information in different colors. The Color menu lets you choose palettes of colors and decide what colors to assign to what pieces of information. Operation To bring up the Color menu: 1. Press DISPLAY to show the Display menu. 2. Press Settings in the main menu until you select Color from the pop-up menu (see Figure 3-4).
Color Choose Palette You can choose a palette of 13 colors from a menu of pre-set palettes. 1. Choose the starting palette by selecting Palette from the main menu. 2. Select one of the available palettes in the side menu. Choose from Normal, Bold, Hardcopy Preview or Monochrome. 3. If you are using a persistence display and wish to vary the color of each point depending on its persistence, choose Persistence Palettes. Then choose Temperature, Spectral, or Gray Scale from the resulting side menu.
Color ScrTxt Figure 3-5: Display Menu — Palette Colors 2. Select one of the 13 colors by pressing (repeatedly) Color in the side menu. 3. If you want to use the factory default for this color, press the side menu Reset to Factory Color. 4. Choose Hue from the side menu and use the general purpose knob or keypad to select the desired hue. Values range from 0 to 359. Sample values are: 0 = blue, 60 = magenta, 120 = red, 180 = yellow, 240 = green, and 360 = cyan. 5.
Color 3. If you want to assign the selected math waveform to a specific color, press Color and cycle through the choices. 4. If you want the selected math waveform to be the same color as the waveform it is based on, select Color Matches Contents. If the math waveform is based on dual waveforms, the math waveform will use the color of the first constituent waveform. To return to the factory defaults, select Reset to Factory Color. Set Reference Waveform Color To define reference waveform colors: 1.
Color Select Options To define what color to show where a waveform crosses another waveform: 1. Press the Options main menu item. 2. Select that you wish to use a special color to mark collision zones by toggling Collision Contrast in the side menu to ON. Restore Colors To restore colors to their factory default settings: 1. Press the main menu Restore Colors item (see Figure 3-7). 2.
Cursor Measurements Use the cursors to measure the difference (either in time or voltage) between two locations in a waveform record. Description Cursors are made up of two markers that you position with the general purpose knob. You move one cursor independently or both cursors in tandem, depending on the cursor mode. As you position the cursors, readouts on the display report measurement information. There are three cursor types: horizontal bar, vertical bar, and paired (Figure 3-8).
Cursor Measurements NOTE When cursors measure certain math waveforms, the measurement may not be of time, frequency, or voltage. Cursor measurement of those math waveforms that are not of time, frequency, or voltage is described in Waveform Math, which begins on page 3-159. There are two cursor modes: independent and tracking (see Figure 3-9).
Cursor Measurements In FastFrame mode, the @ shows the time position of the selected cursor relative to the trigger point of the frame that the selected cursor is in. The D shows the time difference between the two cursors only if both cursors are in the same frame. H Paired: the value after one D shows the voltage difference between the the two Xs; the other D shows the time (or frequency) difference between the two long vertical bars.
Cursor Measurements Position of Vertical Bar Cursors (Useful for Locating Cursors Outside the Display) Cursor Readout (Paired) Non-selected Cursor (Dashed Vertical Bar) Selected Cursor (Solid Vertical Bar) Figure 3-11: Paired Cursor Menu and Readouts Mode Select the cursor mode you want using the Mode menu item. 1. Press CURSOR ➞ Mode (main) ➞ Independent or Tracking (side): H Independent makes each cursor positionable without regard to the position of the other cursor.
Cursor Measurements Time Units You can choose to display vertical bar cursor results in units of time or frequency. If you have Option 5 Video, you can also display the results in terms of video line number. Press CURSOR ➞ Time Units (main) ➞ seconds or 1/seconds (Hz) or, with Option 5, video line number (side). Amplitude Units If you are measuring NTSC signals, you can choose to display vertical readings in IRE units.
Delayed Triggering The TDS 600A Series oscilloscopes provide a main time base and a delayed time base. The delayed time base, like the main time base, requires a trigger signal and an input source dedicated to that signal. You can only use delay with respect to the main edge trigger and certain classes of main pulse triggers. There are two different ways to delay the acquisition of waveforms: delayed runs after main and delayed triggerable. Only delayed triggerable uses the delayed trigger system.
Delayed Triggering H After Time waits the user-specified time, then waits for the next delayed trigger event, and then acquires. H After Events waits for the specified number of delayed trigger events and then acquires. H After Events/Time waits for the specified number of delayed trigger events, then waits the user-specified time, and then acquires. The digitizing oscilloscope is always acquiring samples to fill the pretrigger part of the waveform record.
Delayed Triggering Pretrigger Record Posttrigger Record Delayed Runs After Main Delayed Trigger Waveform Record Main Trigger Point Main Trigger Source Time Delay (From Horiz Menu) Start Posttrigger Acquisition Delayed Triggerable By Events Delayed Trigger Waveform Record Main Trigger Point Main Trigger Source Delayed Trigger Source Start Posttrigger Acquisition (Trigger on nth Delayed Trigger Event) Waiting for nth Event (Where n=5) Delayed Triggerable By Time Delayed Trigger Waveform Record Main
Delayed Triggering Delayed Triggerable You must make sure that the Main Trigger menu settings are compatible with Delayed Triggerable. 1. Press TRIGGER MENU. 2. If Type is set to Logic, press Type (main) to change it to either Edge or Pulse as fits your application. Logic type is incompatible with Delayed Triggerable. 3. If Source is set to Auxiliary (not available on the TDS 524A & TDS 620A), press Source (main). Select any source other than Auxiliary from the side menu according to your application. 4.
Delayed Triggering The Source menu lets you select which input will be the delayed trigger source. 7. Press Source (main) ➞ Ch1, Ch2, Ch3 (Ax1 on the TDS 524A & TDS 620A), Ch4 (Ax2 on the TDS 524A & TDS 620A), or Auxiliary (not available on the TDS 524A & TDS 620A) (side). Figure 3-15: Delayed Trigger Menu 8. Press Coupling (main) ➞ DC, AC, HF Rej, LF Rej, or Noise Rej (side) to define how the input signal will be coupled to the delayed trigger.
Delayed Triggering NOTE When you set the Vertical SCALE smaller than 200 mV, the oscilloscope reduces the Set to TTL or Set to ECL trigger levels below standard TTL and ECL levels. That happens because the trigger level range is fixed at center. At 100 mV (the V which next smaller setting after 200 mV) the trigger range is is smaller than the typical TTL (+1.4 V) or ECL (–1.3 V) level. H Set to 50% fixes the delayed trigger level to 50% of the peak-to-peak value of the delayed trigger source signal.
Display Modes The digitizing oscilloscope can display waveform records in different ways. The Display menu lets you adjust the oscilloscope display style, intensity level, graticule, and format. Operation To bring up the Display menu: 1. Press DISPLAY to show the Display menu. 2. On the TDS 644A & TDS 524A, press Setting in the main menu until you select Display from the pop-up menu. Display lets you adjust the style, intensity level, graticule, and format features described below.
Display Modes H Vectors has the display draw vectors (lines) between the record points. H Dots display waveform record points as dots. H Intensified Samples also displays waveform record points as dots. However, the points actually sampled are displayed in the Zone color (TDS 644A & TDS 524A) or intensified relative to the interpolated points.
Display Modes Display Readout Readout options control whether the trigger indicator, trigger level bar, and current date and time appear on the display. The options also control what style trigger level bar, long or short, is displayed. 1. Press DISPLAY ➞ Readout (main). 2. Toggle Display ‘T’ @ Trigger Point (side) to select whether or not to display ‘T’ indicating the trigger point. You can select ON or OFF. (The trigger point indicates the position of the trigger in the waveform record.) 3.
Display Modes Filter Type The display filter types are sin(x)/x interpolation and linear interpolation. For more information see the Concepts section, page 2-21. Press DISPLAY ➞ Filter (main) ➞ Sin(x)/x Interpolation or Linear Interpolation (side). NOTE When the horizontal scale is set to rates faster than 50 ns/div, or when using the ZOOM feature to expand waveforms horizontally, interpolation occurs. (The filter type, linear or sin(x)/(x), depends on which is set in the Display menu.
Display Modes XY format compares the voltage levels of two waveform records point by point. That is, the digitizing oscilloscope displays a graph of the voltage of one waveform record against the voltage of another waveform record. This mode is particularly useful for studying phase relationships. To set the display axis format: Press DISPLAY ➞ Format (main) ➞ XY or YT (side).
Display Modes For More Information See Acquisition, on page 2-19. See Color, on page 3-12. See Measurements, on page 2-30.
Edge Triggering An edge trigger event occurs when the trigger source passes through a specified voltage level in a specified direction (the trigger slope). You will likely use edge triggering for most of your measurements. You can select the edge source, coupling, slope, level, and mode (auto or normal). Edge Trigger Readouts The Trigger readout shows some key trigger parameters (Figure 3-18).
Edge Triggering Figure 3-19: Main Trigger Menu — Edge Type Coupling To select the coupling you want: Press TRIGGER MENU ➞ Type (main) ➞ Edge (pop-up) ➞ Coupling (main) ➞ DC, AC, HF Rej, LF Rej, or Noise Rej (side). H DC passes all of the input signal. In other words, it passes both AC and DC components to the trigger circuit. H AC passes only the alternating components of an input signal (above 30 Hz). It removes the DC component from the trigger signal.
Edge Triggering Slope To select the slope that the edge trigger will occur on: 1. Press the TRIGGER MENU ➞ Type (main) ➞ Edge (pop-up) ➞ Slope (main). 2. Alternatives for slope are the rising and falling edges. Level Press the TRIGGER MENU ➞ Type (main) ➞ Edge (pop-up) ➞ Level (main) ➞ Level, Set to TTL, Set to ECL, or Set to 50% (side). H Level lets you enter the trigger level using the general purpose knob or the keypad. H Set to TTL fixes the trigger level at +1.4 V.
Edge Triggering Mode & Holdoff You can change the holdoff time and select the trigger mode using this menu item. See Triggering on page 2-13 for more details. 1. Press the TRIGGER MENU ➞ Mode & Holdoff (main) ➞ Auto or Normal (side). H In Auto mode the oscilloscope acquires a waveform after a specific time has elapsed even if a trigger does not occur. The amount of time the oscilloscope waits depends on the time base setting.
Fast Fourier Transforms Advanced DSP Math (optional on TDS 620A & TDS 640A), provides the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The FFT allows you to transform a waveform from a display of its amplitude against time to one that plots the amplitudes of the various discrete frequencies the waveform contains. Further, you can also display the phase shifts of those frequencies.
Fast Fourier Transforms zontal scale for FFT math waveforms is always expressed in frequency per division with the beginning (left-most point) of the waveform representing zero frequency (DC). The FFT waveform is based on digital signal processing (DSP) of data, which allows more versatility in measuring the frequency content of waveforms.
Fast Fourier Transforms Figure 3-21: Define FFT Waveform Menu 5. If the selected math waveform is not FFT, press Change Math Definition (side) ➞ FFT (main). See Figure 3-21. 6. Press Set FFT Source to (side) repeatedly until the channel source selected in step 1 appears in the menu label. 7. Press Set FFT Vert Scale to (side) repeatedly to choose from the following vertical scale types: H dBV RMS — Magnitude is displayed using log scale, expressed in dB relative to 1 VRMS where 0 dB =1 VRMS.
Fast Fourier Transforms H Hamming — Very good window for resolving frequencies that are very close to the same value with somewhat improved amplitude accuracy over the rectangular window. H Hanning — Very good window for measuring amplitude accuracy but degraded for resolving frequencies. H Blackman-Harris — Best window for measuring the amplitude of frequencies but worst at resolving frequencies.
Fast Fourier Transforms Cursor Measurements of an FFT Once you have displayed an FFT math waveform, use cursors to measure its frequency amplitude or phase angle. 1. Be sure MORE is selected in the channel selection buttons and that the FFT math waveform is selected in the More main menu. 2. Press CURSOR ➞ Mode (main) ➞ Independent (side) ➞ Function (main) ➞ H Bars (side). 3. Use the general purpose knob to align the selected cursor (solid line) to the top (or to any amplitude on the waveform you choose).
Fast Fourier Transforms Figure 3-23: Cursor Measurement of an FFT Waveform 10. Press Function (main) ➞ Paired (side). 11. Use the technique just outlined to place the vertical bar of each paired cursor to the points along the horizontal axis you are interested in. 12. Read the amplitude between the X of the two paired cursors from the top-most D: readout.
Fast Fourier Transforms The FFT Frequency Domain Record The following topics discuss the relation of the source waveform to the record length, frequency resolution, and frequency range of the FFT frequency domain record. (The FFT frequency domain waveform is the FFT math waveform that you display.) FFTs May Not Use All of the Waveform Record — The FFT math waveform is a display of the magnitude or phase data from the FFT frequency domain record.
Fast Fourier Transforms FFT Time Domain Record = Waveform Record Waveform Record ≤ 10 K Zero Phase Reference FFT Time Domain Record = 10k Waveform Record > 10 K Zero Phase Reference Figure 3-24: Waveform Record vs. FFT Time Domain Record FFTs Transform Time Records to Frequency Records — The FFT time domain record just described is input for the FFT. Figure 3-25 shows the transformation of that time domain data record into an FFT frequency domain record.
Fast Fourier Transforms Rate DF + Sample FFT Length Ă Ă Where: DF is the frequency resolution. Sample Rate is the sample rate of the source waveform. form FFT Length is the length of the FFT Time Domain waverecord. The sample rate also determines the range these frequencies span; they the span from 0 to sample rate is often referred to as the Nyquist frequency or point.) For example, a sample rate of 20 Megasamples per second would yield an FFT with a range of 0 to 10 MHz.
Fast Fourier Transforms Record Length Most often, you will want to use a short record length because more of the FFT waveform can be seen on screen and long record lengths can slow oscilloscope response. However, long record lengths lower the noise relative to the signal and increase the frequency resolution for the FFT. More important, they might be needed to capture the waveform feature you want to include in the FFT.
Fast Fourier Transforms Zoom always uses either sin(x)/x or linear interpolation when expanding displayed waveforms. To select the interpolation method: press DISPLAY ➞ Setting (main) ➞ Display (pop-up) ➞ Filter (main) ➞ Sin(x)/x or Linear (side), or if your oscilloscope does not have color, press DISPLAY ➞ Filter (main) ➞ Sin(x)/x or Linear (side) If the source waveform record length is 500 points, the FFT will use 2X Zoom to increase the 250 point FFT frequency domain record to 500 points.
Fast Fourier Transforms Amplitude Nyquist Frequency Point Frequency Aliased Frequencies Actual Frequencies Figure 3-26: How Aliased Frequencies Appear in an FFT Considerations for Phase Displays When you set up an FFT math waveform to display the phase angle of the frequencies contained in a waveform, you should take into account the reference point the phase is measured against. You may also need to use phase suppression to reduce noise in your FFTs.
Fast Fourier Transforms H For records with a 15 K length, set the trigger position to 33%. Use the horizontal position knob to move the trigger T on screen to the center horizontal graticule line. H For records with 30 K, 50 K, or 60 K lengths (not all lengths are available for all TDS models — consult your User manual), set the trigger position to 16.6%,10%, or 8.3%, respectively. Use the horizontal position knob to move the trigger T on screen and to the center horizontal graticule line.
Fast Fourier Transforms Windowing Process — The oscilloscope multiplies the FFT time domain record by one of four FFT windows before it inputs the record to the FFT function. Figure 3-27 shows how the time domain record is processed. The FFT windowing acts like a bandpass filter between the FFT time domain record and the FFT frequency domain record. The shape of the window controls the ability of the FFT to resolve (separate) the frequencies and to accurately measure the amplitude of those frequencies.
Fast Fourier Transforms FFT Time Domain Record Xs FFT Window FFT Time Domain Record After Windowing FFT FFT Frequency Domain Record Figure 3-27: Windowing the FFT Time Domain Record You can often determine the best window empirically by first using the window with the most frequency resolution (rectangular), then proceeding toward that window with the least (Blackman-Harris) until the frequencies merge.
Fast Fourier Transforms Window Characteristics — When evaluating a window for use, you may want to examine how it modifies the FFT time domain data. Figure 3-28 shows each window, its bandpass characteristic, bandwidth, and highest side lobe. Consider the following characteristics: H The narrower the central lobe for a given window, the better it can resolve a frequency.
Fast Fourier Transforms FFT Window Type Bandpass Filter -3 dB Bandwidth Highest Side Lobe 0.89 -13 dB 1.28 –43 dB 1.28 –32 dB 1.
File System (Optional on TDS 620A & TDS 640A) The File Utilities menu, which comes with the Hardcopy, Save Setup, and Save Waveforms menus, gives you a variety of features for managing the floppy disk. Operation The File Utilities menu lets you delete, rename, copy, print files, create a new directory, operate the confirm delete and overwrite lock, and format disks. To bring up the File Utilities menu: 1.
File System NOTE The amount of free space on the disk is shown in the upper right corner of the display. The digitizing oscilloscope shows the amount in K bytes. To convert the amount to bytes, you simply multiply the K bytes amount times 1024. Thus, the 711 kB shown in Figure 3-29 = 711 Kbytes * 1024 bytes/K = 728,064 bytes. Delete To delete a file or directory, turn the general purpose knob until it scrolls the cursor over the name of the file or directory to delete.
File System Figure 3-30: File System — Labelling Menu Copy To copy a file or directory, turn the general purpose knob until it scrolls the cursor over the name of the file to copy. Then, press the side menu Copy button. The file menu will reappear with the names of directories to copy to. Select a directory and press the side-menu button labelled Copy to Selected Directory. To copy all files, select the *.* entry. The digitizing oscilloscope copies all directories recursively.
File System The labelling menu should appear. Turn the general purpose knob or use the main-menu arrow keys to select each letter. Press Enter Char from the main menu to enter each letter. When you have entered the name, press the side menu OK Accept item. (See Figure 3-30) Confirm Delete To turn on or off the confirm delete message, toggle the side menu Confirm Delete button. When the confirm delete option is OFF, the digitizing oscilloscope can immediately delete files or directories.
Hardcopy You can get a copy of the digitizing oscilloscope display by using the hardcopy feature. Depending on the output format you select, you create either an image or a plot. Images are direct bit map representations of the digitizing oscilloscope display. Plots are vector (plotted) representations of the display. Hardcopy Formats Different hardcopy devices use different formats.
Hardcopy Operation Before you make a hardcopy, you need to set up communications and hardcopy parameters. This discussion assumes that the hardcopy device is already connected to the GPIB port on the rear panel. If that is not the case see Connection Strategies on page 3-63.
Hardcopy Setting Hardcopy Parameters To specify the hardcopy format, layout, and type of port using the hardcopy menu: 1. Press SHIFT HARDCOPY MENU to bring up the Hardcopy menu. 2. Press Format (main) ➞ Thinkjet, Deskjet, Laserjet, Epson, DPU-411, DPU-412, PCX, PCX Color (TDS 544A), TIFF, BMP Mono, BMP Color (TDS 544A), RLE Color (TDS 544A), EPS Mono Img, EPS Color Image (TDS 544A), EPS Mono Plt, EPS Color Plt, Interleaf, or HPGL (side). (Press –more– (side) to see all of these format choices.) 3.
Hardcopy To stop and discard the hardcopy being sent, press HARDCOPY again while the hardcopy in process message is still on screen. To add additional hardcopies to the printer spool, press HARDCOPY again after the hardcopy in process message is removed from the screen. You can add hardcopies to the spool until it is full. When the spool is filled by adding a hardcopy, the message “Hardcopy in Process — Press HARDCOPY to abort” remains displayed.
Hardcopy Date and Time Display Figure 3-33: Date and Time Display 5. Use the general purpose knob or the keypad to set the parameter you have chosen to the value desired. (The format when using the keypad is day.month. For example, use 23.6 for the 23rd of June.) 6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 to set other parameters as desired. 7. Press OK Enter Date/Time (side) to put the new settings into effect. This sets the seconds to zero.
Hardcopy Strategies for actually printing a copy include: H Send output straight to a printer/plotter. H Send the data to a computer to print from there and/or to import into your favorite desktop publishing or other application package. H Send your data to a floppy disk file (optional on the TDS 520A & TDS 540A) for later printing from a computer capable of reading the MS-DOS compatible floppy disk.
Hardcopy GPIB Cable Centronics or RS-232 Cable PC Compatible Digitizing Oscilloscope Hardcopy Device Figure 3-35: Connecting the Digitizing Oscilloscope and Hardcopy Device Via a PC If your controller is PC-compatible and it uses the Tektronix GURU or S3FG210 (National Instruments GPIB-PCII/IIA) GPIB package, you can operate this setup as follows: 1. Use the MS-DOS cd command to move to the directory that holds the software that came with your GPIB board.
Hardcopy 5. Type: IBRDF where is a valid DOS file name you want to call your hardcopy information. It should be 8 characters long with up to a 3 character extension. For example, you could type “ibrdf screen1”. v 6. Exit the IBIC program by typing: EXIT 7. Type: COPY
Help The on-line help system provides brief information about each of the digitizing oscilloscope controls. Operation To use the on-line help system: Press HELP to provide on-screen information on any front panel button, knob or menu item (see Figure 3-36). When you press that button, the instrument changes mode to support on-line help. Press HELP again to return to regular operating mode.
Horizontal Control You can control the horizontal part of the display (the time base) using the horizontal menu and knobs. Horizontal Knobs By changing the horizontal scale, you can focus on a particular portion of a waveform. By adjusting the horizontal position, you can move the waveform right or left to see different portions of the waveform. That is particularly useful when you are using larger record sizes and cannot view the entire waveform on one screen.
Horizontal Control Horizontal Readouts At the top of the display, the Record View shows the size and location of the waveform record and the location of the trigger relative to the display (see Figure 3-38). The Time Base readout at the lower right of the display shows the time/division settings and the time base (main or delayed) being referred to (see Figure 3-38).
Horizontal Control You also can select Delayed Runs After Main or Delayed Triggerable. For more information on how to use these two menu items, see Delayed Triggering on page 3-22. Trigger Position To define how much of the record will be pretrigger and how much posttrigger information using the Trigger Position menu item: Press HORIZONTAL MENU ➞ Trigger Position (main) ➞ Set to 10%, Set to 50%, or Set to 90% (side), or use the general purpose knob or the keypad to change the value.
Horizontal Control You can also control whether changing the horizontal position setting affects all displayed waveforms, just the live waveforms, or only the selected waveform. The Horizontal Lock setting in the Zoom menu determines which waveforms the horizontal position knob adjusts whether zoom is on or not.
Horizontal Control Figure 3-39: Horizontal Menu — FastFrame Setup FastFrame Interactions — Envelope, Average, and HiRes form the envelope or average following the last frame of the concatenated record. For example, if average or HiRes acquisition modes are selected and the frame count is 10, segments 1 through 10 will show sample or HiRes frames, and frame 11 will show the average of frames 1 through 10.
Limit Testing Limit testing provides a way to automatically compare each incoming or math waveform against a template waveform. You set an envelope of limits around a waveform and let the digitizing oscilloscope find waveforms that fall outside those limits (see Figure 3-40). When it finds such a waveform, the digitizing oscilloscope can generate a hardcopy, ring a bell, stop and wait for your input, or any combination of these actions.
Limit Testing NOTE The template will be smoother if you acquire the template waveform using Average acquisition mode. If you are unsure how to do this, see Acquisition Modes on page 3-7. Once you have selected a source, select a destination for the template. 2. Press Template Destination (side) ➞ Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, or Ref4. Figure 3-41: Acquire Menu — Create Limit Test Template Now create the envelope by specifying the amount of variation from the template that you will tolerate.
Limit Testing If you wish to create another limit test template, store it in another destination to avoid overwriting the template you have just created. If you wish to view the template you have created, press the MORE button. Then press the button corresponding to the destination reference memory you have used. The waveform appears on the display. NOTE To view the waveform data as well as the template envelope, it might be useful to select the Dots display style (see Display Modes on page 3-28).
Limit Testing H If you want to send a hardcopy command when waveform data exceeds the limits set, toggle Hardcopy if Condition Met (side) to ON. You can set the hardcopy system to send the hardcopy to the file system (optional on the TDS 620A & TDS 640A). (Do not forget to set up the hardcopy system. See Hardcopy on page 3-59 for details.) H If you want the bell to ring when waveform data exceeds the limits set, toggle Ring Bell if Condition Met (side) to ON.
Limit Testing Multiple Waveform Comparisons When comparing one or more waveforms, each against a common template or against its own template, consider the following operating characteristics: H You should set Horizontal Lock to None in the Zoom side menu (push ZOOM and press (repeatedly) Horizontal Lock to None).
Logic Triggering There are two classes of logic triggering: pattern and state. A pattern trigger occurs when the logic inputs to the logic function you select cause the function to become TRUE (or at your option FALSE).
Logic Triggering Logic Trigger Readouts At the bottom of the display, the Trigger readout shows some of the key parameters of the logic trigger (see Figure 3-42). Ch 1, 2, 3 Inputs = High, Don’t Care, High Ch 4 Input = Rising Edge Trigger Class = State Logic = OR Figure 3-42: Logic Trigger Readouts NOTE When Logic is the selected trigger type, the threshold levels that help determine triggering are set for each channel individually in the Set Thresholds menu.
Logic Triggering Table 3-4: Logic Triggers Pattern Definition 1,2 State AND Clocked AND If all the preconditions selected for the logic inputs3 are true, then the oscilloscope triggers. NAND Clocked NAND If not all of the preconditions selected for the logic inputs3 are true, then the oscilloscope triggers. OR Clocked OR If any of the preconditions selected for the logic inputs3 are true, then the oscilloscope triggers.
Logic Triggering Figure 3-43: Logic Trigger Menu Trigger When This menu item lets you determine if the oscilloscope will trigger when the logic condition is met (Goes TRUE) or when the logic condition is not met (Goes FALSE). (The True when less than and True when greater than menu items are only used for pattern logic triggering and are covered on page 3-83.
Logic Triggering Mode & Holdoff You can change the holdoff time and select the trigger mode using this menu item. 1. Press TRIGGER MENU ➞ Type (main) ➞ Logic (pop-up) ➞ Class (main) ➞ Pattern or State (pop-up) ➞ Mode & Holdoff (main) ➞ Auto or Normal (side). H In Auto mode the oscilloscope acquires a waveform after a specific time has elapsed even if a trigger does not occur. The amount of time the oscilloscope waits depends on the time base setting.
Logic Triggering Define a Time Qualified Pattern Trigger You can also time qualify a pattern logic trigger. That is, you specify a time that the boolean logic function (AND, NAND, OR, or NOR) must be TRUE (logic high). You also choose the type of time qualification (greater or less than the time limit specified) as well as the time limit using the Trigger When menu selection. 1.
Logic Triggering Time Logic Function is TRUE Logic Function (AND) Becomes TRUE Logic Function Becomes FALSE and Triggers Acquisition Time Logic Function Must be TRUE Figure 3-44: Logic Trigger Menu — Time Qualified TRUE State Operations When you select State logic triggering, the oscilloscope uses channel 4 (Aux 2 on the TDS 620A & TDS 524A) as a clock for a logic circuit made from the rest of the channels. See page 3-80 for details on operations common to both pattern and state triggers.
Logic Triggering Define Logic To choose the type of logic function you want applied to the input channels: Press TRIGGER MENU ➞ Type (main) ➞ Logic (pop-up) ➞ Class (main) ➞ State (pop-up) ➞ Define Logic (main) ➞ AND, OR, NAND, or NOR (side). For More Information See Triggering, on page 2-13. See Triggering, on page 3-142.
Measurement System There are various ways to measure properties of waveforms. You can use graticule, cursor, or automatic measurements. This section describes automatic measurements; cursors and graticules are described elsewhere. (See Cursor Measurements on page 3-17 and Measurements on page 2-30.) Automatic measurements are generally more accurate and quicker than, for example, manually counting graticule divisions. The oscilloscope will continuously update and display these measurements.
Measurement System Table 3-5: Measurement Definitions (Cont.) Name Definition Delay Timing measurement. The time between the MidRef crossings of two different traces or the gated region of the traces. Fall Time Timing measurement. Time taken for the falling edge of the first pulse in the waveform or gated region to fall from a High Ref value (default = 90%) to a Low Ref value (default =10%) of its final value. Frequency Timing measurement for the first cycle in the waveform or gated region.
Measurement System Table 3-5: Measurement Definitions (Cont.) Name Definition Period Timing measurement. Time it takes for the first complete signal cycle to happen in the waveform or gated region. The reciprocal of frequency. Measured in seconds. Positive Duty Cycle Timing measurement of the first cycle in the waveform or gated region. The ratio of the positive pulse width to the signal period expressed as a percentage.
Measurement System Measurement Display The readout area for measurements is on the right side of the waveform window. You can display and continuously update as many as four measurements at any one time. When menus are displayed, the readouts appear in the graticule area. If the menu area is empty, then the readouts are displayed to the far right (see Figure 3-45).
Measurement System H To vary the source for measurements, simply select the other channel and then choose the measurements you want. H Be careful when taking automatic measurements on noisy signals. You might measure the frequency of the noise and not the desired waveform. Your digitizing oscilloscope helps identify such situations by displaying a low signal amplitude or low resolution warning message.
Measurement System Gated Measurements The gating feature lets you limit measurements to a specified portion of the waveform. When gating is Off, the oscilloscope makes measurements over the entire waveform record. When gating is activated, vertical cursors are displayed. Use these cursors to define the section of the waveform you want the oscilloscope to measure. This is called the gated region. 1. Press MEASURE ➞ Gating (main) ➞ Gate with V Bar Cursors (side) (see Figure 3-47).
Measurement System NOTE Cursors are displayed relative to the selected waveform. If you are making a measurement using two waveforms, this can be a source of confusion. If you turn off horizontal locking and adjust the horizontal position of one waveform independent of the other, the cursors appear at the requested position with respect to the selected waveform. Gated measurements remain accurate, but the displayed positions of the cursors change when you change the selected waveform.
Measurement System 2. Press High Ref, Mid Ref, Low Ref, or Mid2 Ref (side). H High Ref — Sets the high reference level. The default is 90%. H Mid Ref — Sets the middle reference level. The default is 50%. H Low Ref — Sets the low reference level. The default is 10%. H Mid2 Ref — Sets the middle reference level used on the second waveform specified in the Delay or Phase Measurements. The default is 50%.
Measurement System 2. Press Measure Delay to (side) repeatedly to choose the delay to waveform. The choices are Ch1, Ch2, Ch3, Ch4 (on the TDS 644A & TDS 640A); Ch1, Ch2, Ax1, Ax2 (on the TDS 524A & TDS 620A); and Math1, Math2, Math3, Ref1, Ref2, Ref3, and Ref4. Figure 3-49: Measure Delay Menu — Delay To Delay Edges — The main menu item Edges lets you specify which edges you want the delayed measurement to be made between. Press MEASURE ➞ Select Measrmnt (main) ➞ Delay (side) ➞ Edges (main).
Measurement System Creating the Delay Measurement — Once you have specified the waveforms you are measuring between and which edges to use, you need to notify the digitizing oscilloscope to proceed with the measurement. Press Delay To (main) ➞ OK Create Measurement (side). To exit the Measure Delay menu without creating a delay measurement, press CLEAR MENU, which returns you to the Measure menu.
Measurement System To use snapshot, obtain a stable display of the waveform to be measured. Pressing AUTOSET may help. 1. Press MEASURE ➞ SNAPSHOT (main). 2. Press either SNAPSHOT (main) or AGAIN (side) to take another snapshot. NOTE The snapshot display tells you the channel that the snapshot is being made on. 3. Push Remove Measrmnt. Considerations When Taking Snapshots Be aware of the following items when using snapshot: H Be sure to display the waveform properly before taking a snapshot.
Probe Accessories The probe you use and how you connect it to a signal source affect the oscilloscope acquisition of the waveform record. Two important factors are ground lead inductance (introduced by the probe) and the physical layout of your circuit and component devices. Ground Lead Inductance For an amplitude measurement to be meaningful, you must give the measurement some point of reference. The probe offers you the capability of referencing the voltage at its tip to ground.
Probe Accessories 4 Inch Ground Lead Low-Inductance Ground Lead Figure 3-52: Signal Variation Introduced by Probe Ground Lead (1 ns/division) Standard Probe Accessories The following descriptions explain how to use many of the accessories that came with your probe. Figure 3-53 shows both standard and optional probe accessories and how they attach to your probe. These accessories either reduce ground lead inductance or make it physically easier to probe different kinds of circuits.
Probe Accessories Marker Ring (Standard) Marker Ring (Standard) Compact-to-Miniature Probe Tip Adapter (Optional) IC Protector Tip (Optional) Probe Tip-to-Circuit Board Adapter (Standard) Dual Lead Adapter (Optional) Probe Tip-to-Chassis Adapter (Optional) Slip-on Ground Lead (Standard) Alligator Clip Ground Lead (Standard) Retractable Hook Tip (Standard) Low Inductance Spring Tip (Optional) KlipChipTM (Standard) Low Inductance Ground Lead (Standard) Figure 3-53: Probe Accessories TDS 520A, 524A
Probe Accessories Marker Rings The marker rings help you keep track of individual probes and signal sources when you have a complicated test setup. Use the marker rings whenever you want to identify a particular probe. Long Ground Leads Use long ground leads when a long reach is important and high-frequency information is not. Long ground leads are ideal for quick troubleshooting when you are looking for the presence or absence of a signal and are not concerned with the precision of the measurement.
Probe Accessories Probe-Tip-to-Circuit Board Adapters The probe-tip-to-circuit board adapters let you design minimum inductance test points into your next circuit board. That adapter provides maximum performance for the probe, because it virtually eliminates ground inductance effects. Instructions for installing the probe tip-to-circuit board adapters are packaged with the adapters.
Probe Accessories Probe-Tip-to-Chassis Adapter The probe-tip-to-chassis adapter makes your test point accessible without removing instrument covers or panels. It provides an easy-access, low-inductance test point anywhere on your circuit. The probe-tip-to-chassis adapter has the same low inductance properties as the probe-tip-to-circuit board adapter described previously. To use your probe with these adapters, unscrew and remove the ribbed ferrule.
Probe Accessories Dual-Lead Adapter The dual-lead adapter makes an easy connection to 0.025 diameter connector pins (see Figure 3-54). One lead connects to a ground reference pin, and the other to the signal pin. The adapter prevents burring and pin damage that can result when a retractable hook tip is used on soft pins. A single-lead adapter is also available. These adapters can also be used with the SMT KlipChip to provide access to very small signal and ground test points.
Probe Cal This oscilloscope lets you compensate the entire signal path, from probe tip to digitized signal, to improve the gain and offset accuracy of the probe. By executing Probe Cal on a channel with its probe installed, you can optimize the oscilloscope capability to make accurate measurements using that channel and probe. Run a Probe Cal anytime you wish to ensure that the measurements you make are made with the most accuracy possible.
Probe Cal 1. Install the probe on the input channel on which it is to be used. 2. Power on the digitizing oscilloscope and allow a 20 minute warm-up before doing this procedure. 3. Press SHIFT UTILITY ➞ System (main) ➞ Cal (pop-up). 4. Look at the status label under Signal Path in the main menu. If the status does not read Pass, perform a signal path compensation (Signal Path Compensation, page 3-138), and then continue with this procedure. 5.
Probe Cal Figure 3-55: Probe Cal Menu and Gain Compensation Display 11. If the Probe Offset Compensation message is displayed, continue with step 15; otherwise, continue with step 12. 12. If the Compensation Error message is displayed, continue with step 13; otherwise continue with step 18. 13. Press SHIFT UTILITY ➞ System (main) ➞ Diag/Err (pop-up) ➞ Error Log (main). If there are too many error messages to be seen on screen, rotate the general purpose knob clockwise to scroll to the last message. 14.
Probe Cal 19. If desired, repeat this procedure beginning at step 1 to compensate for other probe/channel combinations. But before you do so, be sure you take note of the following requirements: H Remember to first low frequency compensate any passive probe you connect (see Prerequisites at the beginning of this procedure). H Remember to connect all but simple passive probes to the oscilloscope for a twenty minute warm up before running Probe Cal.
Probe Cal Figure 3-56: Re-use Probe Calibration Data Menu If the Re-use Probe Calibration data? menu is displayed, you can choose one of the following options: H Press OK Use Existing Data (side) to use the Probe Cal data last stored to compensate the probe. H Press OK Erase Probe Cal Data (side) to erase the Probe Cal data last stored and use the probe uncompensated. H Press CLEAR MENU on the front panel to retain the Probe Cal data last stored and use the probe uncompensated.
Probe Cal Table 3-6: Probe Cal Status Type Probe Connected2 Probe User Cal’d?1 Action Simple Interface3 Complex Interface4 No Doesn’t Matter Initialized Initialized Yes Power off Initialized (probe data is retained) Initialized (probe data is retained) Yes Power on Can not detect different probe: Display Re-use Probe Calibration Data menu Initialized Different probe: Cal’d Probe: Pass Different probe: Initialized Yes Disconnect Initialized Probe Yes Connect Probe 1Refers 2If Can
Probe Compensation Passive probes require compensation to ensure maximum distortion-free input to the digitizing oscilloscope and to avoid high frequency amplitude errors (see Figure 3-57). Probe Compensated Correctly Probe Overcompensated Probe Undercompensated Figure 3-57: How Probe Compensation Affects Signals Operation To compensate your probe: 1. Connect the probe to the probe compensation signal on the front panel. 2. Press AUTOSET.
Probe Compensation 4. If you need to change the input impedance, press Coupling (main). Then toggle the side menu selection W to get the correct impedance. 5. Press SHIFT ACQUIRE MENU ➞ Mode (main) ➞ Hi Res (side). 6. Adjust the probe until you see a perfectly flat top square wave on the display. Figure 3-58 shows where the adjustment is located. Figure 3-58: P6139A Probe Adjustment For More Information See Probe Accessories, on page 3-97. See Probe Selection, on page 3-112.
Probe Selection The probes included with your digitizing oscilloscope are useful for a wide variety of tasks. However, for special measurement situations you sometimes need different probes. This section helps you select the right probe for the job. Once you have decided the type of probe you need, use Table 3-7 (page 3-117) to determine the specific probe compatible with your TDS 600A Digitizing Oscilloscope. Or use Table 3-8 (page 3-118) if you want to select the probe by application.
Probe Selection Low Impedance (ZO) Probes Low impedance probes measure frequency more accurately than general purpose probes, but they make less accurate amplitude measurements. They offer a higher bandwidth to cost ratio. These probes must be terminated in a 50 W scope input. Input capacitance is much lower than high Z passive probes, typically 1 pF, but input resistance is also lower (500 to 5000 W typically).
Probe Selection Active Voltage Probes Active voltage probes, sometimes called “FET” probes, use active circuit elements such as transistors. There are three classes of active probes: H High speed active H Differential active H Fixtured active Active voltage measuring probes use active circuit elements in the probe design to process signals from the circuit under test. All active probes require a source of power for their operation.
Probe Selection amplifiers) to precisely connect your instrument to your device-under-test. These probes have the same electrical characteristics as high speed, active probes but use a smaller mechanical design. Current Probes Current probes enable you to directly observe and measure current waveforms, which can be very different from voltage signals. Tektronix current probes are unique in that they can measure from DC to 1 GHz.
Probe Selection Optical Probes Optical probes let you blend the functions of an optical power meter with the high-speed analog waveform analysis capability of an oscilloscope. You have the capability of acquiring, displaying, and analyzing optical and electrical signals simultaneously. Applications include measuring the transient optical properties of lasers, LEDs, electro-optic modulators, and flashlamps.
Probe Selection Probes by Type Table 3-7 lists TDS 600A compatible probes classified by type. Table 3-7: TDS 600A Compatible Probes Probe Type Tektronix Model Description Passive, high impedance voltage P6139A (std.) P6101A 10X, 500 MHz 1X, 15 MHz Passive, SMD P6563AS 20X, 500 MHz Passive, low impedance ZO P6156 10X, 3.5 GHz, for 50 W inputs (1X, 20X, 100X optional) Passive, high voltage P6009 P6015A 100X,1.
Probe Selection Probes by Application Another way to classify probes is by application. Different applications demand different probes. Use Table 3-8 to select a probe for your application.
Pulse Triggering Pulse triggering can be very useful. For example, you might be testing a product with a glitch in the power supply. The glitch appears once a day. So instead of sitting by and waiting for it to appear, you can use pulse triggering to automatically capture your data. There are three classes of pulse triggering: glitch, runt, and width. H A glitch trigger occurs when the trigger source detects a pulse narrower (or wider) in width than some specified time.
Pulse Triggering Table 3-9: Pulse Trigger Definitions Name 3Ć120 Definition Glitch positive Triggering occurs if the oscilloscope detects positive spike widths less than the specified glitch time. Glitch negative Triggering occurs if the oscilloscope detects negative spike widths less than the specified glitch time. Glitch either Triggering occurs if the oscilloscope detects positive or negative widths less than the specified glitch time.
Pulse Triggering Operations Common to Glitch, Runt, and Width The pulse trigger menus let you define the pulse source, select the mode (auto or normal), and adjust the holdoff. To bring up the Pulse Trigger menu: Press TRIGGER MENU ➞ Type (main) ➞ Pulse (pop-up) ➞ Class (main) ➞ Glitch, Runt, or Width (pop-up) (see Figure 3-62). Figure 3-62: Main Trigger Menu — Glitch Class Source Use this main menu item to specify which channel becomes the pulse trigger source.
Pulse Triggering H In Normal mode the oscilloscope acquires a waveform only if there is a valid trigger. (You can force a single acquisition by pressing FORCE TRIGGER.) 2. To change the holdoff time, press Holdoff (side). Use the general purpose knob or the keypad to enter the value in percent. Glitch Operations When you select the pulse class Glitch, the oscilloscope will trigger on a pulse narrower (or wider) in width than some specified time.
Pulse Triggering H If you select Set to 50%, you cause the digitizing oscilloscope to search for the point halfway between the peaks of the trigger source signal and set the trigger level to that point. Runt Operation When you select the pulse class Runt, the oscilloscope will trigger on a short pulse that crosses one threshold but fails to cross a second threshold before recrossing the first. To set up runt triggering: 1.
Pulse Triggering Selected Trigger Bar at Upper Threshold Unselected Trigger Bar at Lower Threshold Runt Pulse Crosses First Threshold Only, Recrosses First Threshold Level, and Triggers Acquisition Figure 3-63: Main Trigger Menu—Runt Class Thresholds To set the two threshold levels used in detecting a runt pulse: 1. Press TRIGGER MENU ➞ Type (main) ➞ Pulse (pop-up) ➞ Class (main) ➞ Runt (pop-up) ➞ Thresholds (main). 2.
Pulse Triggering H Regardless of the polarity setting, triggering occurs at the point the runt pulse recrosses its first threshold. Width Operation When you select the pulse class Width, the oscilloscope will trigger on a pulse narrower (or wider) than some specified range of time (defined by the upper limit and lower limit).
Remote Communication You may want to integrate your oscilloscope into a system environment and remotely control your oscilloscope or exchange measurement or waveform data with a computer. You can control your oscilloscope remotely via the IEEE Std 488.2–1987 (GPIB) interface. GPIB Protocol GPIB enables data transfers between instruments that support the GPIB protocols.
Remote Communication GPIB Device GPIB Device GPIB Device GPIB Device GPIB Device GPIB Device GPIB Device Figure 3-64: Typical GPIB Network Configuration Cables — An IEEE Std 488.1–1987 GPIB cable (available from Tektronix, part number 012–0991–00) is required to connect two GPIB devices. Connector — A 24-pin GPIB connector is located on the oscilloscope rear panel. The connector has a D-type shell and conforms to IEEE Std 488.1–1987.
Remote Communication Operation To set up remote communications, ensure that your oscilloscope is physically cabled to the controller and that the oscilloscope parameters are correctly set. Plug an IEEE Std 488.2–1987 GPIB cable into the GPIB connector on the oscilloscope rear panel and into the GPIB port on your controller (see Figure 3-66).
Remote Communication GPIB Configuration Menu Figure 3-67: Utility Menu For More Information See Hardcopy, on page 3-59. See the TDS Family Digitizing Oscilloscopes Programmer Manual.
Saving and Recalling Setups You may want to save and reuse setups for many reasons. For example, after changing the setting during the course of an experiment, you may want to quickly return to your original setup. You can save and recall up to ten instrument setups from internal oscilloscope memory. The information is retained even when you turn the oscilloscope off or unplug it. Operation To save the current setup of the digitizing oscilloscope: 1. Press SETUP ➞ Save Current Setup (main).
Saving and Recalling Settings To store a setup to disk (optional on the TDS 620A & TDS 640A), press To File. Then use the general purpose knob to select the exact file from the resulting scrollbar list. Finally, press the side-menu Save To Selected File to complete the operation. Recalling a Setup To recall a setup stored internally, press SETUP ➞ Recall Saved Setup (main) ➞ (Recall Setup 1, Recall Setup 2 ... (side). To recall a setup stored on disk (optional on the TDS 620A & TDS 640A), press From File.
Saving and Recalling Setups H If the checksum calculation is unsuccessful, displays a warning message; if the checksum calculation is successful, displays a confirmation message. Running File Utilities To run file utilities (optional on the TDS 620A & TDS 640A), see the File System article on page 3-55. For More Information 3Ć132 See Tutorial Example 4: Saving Setups, on page 1-23. See Appendix D, Factory Initialization Settings, on page A-25.
Saving and Recalling Waveforms You can store a waveform in any of the four internal reference memories of the digitizing oscilloscope. That information is retained even when you turn the oscilloscope off or unplug it. You can save any combination of different size waveform records. The digitizing oscilloscope can display up to 11 waveforms at one time. That includes waveforms from the four input channels, four reference waveforms, and three math waveforms.
Saving and Recalling Waveforms Figure 3-69: Save Waveform Menu Deleting Waveforms You can choose the Delete Refs main menu item and then select the references you no longer need from the side menu (Delete Ref1, Delete Ref2, Delete Ref3, Delete Ref4, or Delete All Refs). Deleting All Waveforms and Setups You can remove all stored reference waveforms and setups using the feature called Tek Secure. It is described under Saving and Recalling Setups. See “Deleting All Setups and Waveforms” on page 3-131.
Saving and Recalling Waveforms resulting scrollbar list. Only files with .WFM extensions are displayed. Finally, press from the side-menu To Ref1, To Ref2, To Ref3, or To Ref4 choices to complete the operation. Figure 3-70: More Menu Autosave (TDS 640A and 644A only) To use autosave, press Autosave (main) ➞ Autosave Single Seq ON (side). Also turn on Single Acquisition Sequence in the Acquire menu (see page 3-7). To disable this feature, simply press Autosave (main) ➞ Autosave Single Seq OFF (side).
Selecting Channels The selected channel is the channel that the digitizing oscilloscope applies all waveform-specific activities to (such as measurements or vertical scale and position). Channel Readout and Reference Indicator The channel readout shows the selected channel in inverse video in the lower left corner of the display. The channel reference indicator for the selected channel appears along the left side of the display. See Figure 3-71.
Selecting Channels Operation To selecting a channel: Pressing CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 (AUX 1 on the TDS 620A & TDS 524A), or CH 4 (AUX 2 on the TDS 620A & TDS 524A) turns the channel on if it is not already on. You do not use the channel selection buttons when triggering. Instead you select the trigger source in the Main Trigger menu or Delayed Trigger menu. Removing Waveforms From the Display The WAVEFORM OFF button turns OFF the display of the selected channel waveform.
Signal Path Compensation This oscilloscope lets you compensate the internal signal path used to acquire the waveforms you acquire and measure. By executing the signal path compensation feature (SPC), you can optimize the oscilloscope capability to make accurate measurements based on the ambient temperature. Run an SPC anytime you wish to ensure that the measurements you make are made with the most accuracy possible.
Signal Path Compensation Figure 3-73: Performing a Signal Path Compensation TDS 620A, 640A, & 644A User Manual 3Ć139
Status The Status menu lets you see information about the oscilloscope state. Operation To operate the Status menu: Press SHIFT STATUS ➞ Status (main) ➞ System, Display, Trigger, Waveforms, or I/O (side). Note: some oscilloscopes do not have a main Status menu. On these instruments, press SHIFT STATUS ➞ System, Display, Trigger, Waveforms, or I/O (side). H System displays information about the Horizontal, Zoom, Acquisition, Measure, and Hardcopy systems (Figure 3-74).
Status Banner To display the banner (firmware version, options, copyright, and patents): NOTE Some TDS 644A oscilloscopes do not have a Status main menu with a banner. However, all instruments display the banner briefly at power-on. Press SHIFT STATUS ➞ Banner (main) (see Figure 3-75).
Triggering Triggers determine when the digitizing oscilloscope starts acquiring and displaying a waveform. The TDS 600A has four types of trigger: edge, logic, pulse, and, with option 5, video. Although these triggers are unique, they have some common characteristics that can be defined and modified using the Trigger menu, buttons, and knob. This article discusses these common characteristics. To learn about the general concept of triggering, see Triggering in the Operating Basics section.
Triggering To Set to 50% You can quickly obtain an edge or pulse trigger (except for the Runt class) by pressing SET LEVEL TO 50%. The oscilloscope sets the trigger level to the halfway point between the peaks of the trigger signal. You can also set the level to 50% in the Trigger menu under the main menu item Level if Edge or Pulse (except for Runt class) is selected. Note that the MAIN LEVEL knob and menu items apply only to the main trigger level.
Triggering H When READY is lighted, it means the digitizing oscilloscope can accept a valid trigger event, and the digitizing oscilloscope is waiting for that event to occur. H When ARM is lighted, it means the trigger circuitry is filling the pretrigger portion of the waveform record. H When both TRIG’D and READY are lighted, it means the digitizing oscilloscope has recognized a valid main trigger and is waiting for a delayed trigger.
Triggering The trigger point indicator shows position. It can be positioned horizontally off screen, especially with long record length settings. The trigger level bar shows only the trigger level. It remains on screen, regardless of the horizontal position, as long as the channel providing the trigger source is displayed.
Triggering See the Option 05 Video Trigger Interface Instruction Manual, Tektronix part number 070–8748–00.
Vertical Control You can control the vertical position and scale of the selected waveform using the vertical menu and knobs. Vertical Knobs By changing the vertical scale, you can focus on a particular portion of a waveform. By adjusting the vertical position, you can move the waveform up or down on the display. That is particularly useful when you are comparing two or more waveforms. To change the vertical scale and position, use the vertical POSITION and vertical SCALE knobs.
Vertical Control Vertical Readout Figure 3-79: Vertical Readouts and Channel Menu Coupling To choose the type of coupling for attaching the input signal to the vertical attenuator for the selected channel and to set its input impedance: Press VERTICAL MENU ➞ Coupling (main) ➞ DC, AC, GND, or W (side). H DC coupling shows both the AC and DC components of an input signal. H AC coupling shows only the alternating components of an input signal.
Vertical Control Bandwidth To eliminate the higher frequency components, change the bandwidth of the selected channel: Press VERTICAL MENU ➞ Bandwidth (main) ➞ Full, 100 MHz, or 20 MHz (side). Fine Scale Press VERTICAL MENU ➞ Fine Scale (main) to make fine adjustments to the vertical scale using the general purpose knob or the keypad. Position Press VERTICAL MENU ➞ Position (main) to let the general purpose knob control the vertical position.
Waveform Differentiation Advanced DSP Math (optional on TDS 620A & TDS 640A), provides waveform differentiation that allows you to display a derivative math waveform that indicates the instantaneous rate of change of the waveform acquired. Such waveforms are used in the measurement of slew rate of amplifiers and in educational applications. You can store and display a derivative math waveform in a reference memory, then use it as a source for another derivative waveform.
Waveform Differentation Derivative Math Waveform Source Waveform Figure 3-80: Derivative Math Waveform 5. Press Set Function to (side). Repeatedly press the same button (or use the general purpose knob) until diff appears in the menu label. 6. Press OK Create Math Wfm (side) to display the derivative of the waveform you input in step 1. You should now have your derivative math waveform on screen. Use the Vertical SCALE and POSITION knobs to size and position your waveform as you require.
Waveform Differentation Figure 3-81: Peak-Peak Amplitude Measurement of a Derivative Waveform Cursor Measurement of a Derivative Waveform You can also use cursors to measure derivative waveforms. Use the same procedure as is found under Waveform Integration on page 3-155. When using that procedure, note that the amplitude measurements on a derivative waveform will be in volts per second rather than in volt-seconds as is indicated for the integral waveform measured in the procedure.
Waveform Differentation H When using the vertical scale knob to scale the source waveform, note that it also scales your derivative waveform. Because of the method the oscilloscope uses to scale the source waveform before differentiating that waveform, the derivative math waveform may be too large vertically to fit on screen — even if the source waveform is only a few divisions on screen.
Waveform Integration Advanced DSP Math (optional on TDS 620A & TDS 640A), provides waveform integration that allows you to display an integral math waveform that is an integrated version of the acquired waveform.
Waveform Integration 5. Press Set Function to (side). Repeatedly press the same button until intg appears in the menu label. 6. Press OK Create Math Waveform (side) to turn on the integral math waveform. You should now have your integral math waveform on screen. See Figure 3-82. Use the Vertical SCALE and POSITION knobs to size and position your waveform as you require.
Waveform Integration 6. Read the integrated voltage over time between the cursors in voltseconds from the D: readout. Read the integrated voltage over time between the selected cursor and the reference indicator of the math waveform from the @: readout. See Figure 3-83. Integral Math Waveform Source Waveform Figure 3-83: H Bars Cursors Measure an Integral Math Waveform 7. Press Function (main) ➞ V Bars (side).
Waveform Integration H Read the integrated voltage over time between the X of the selected cursor and the reference indicator of the math waveform from the @: readout. H Read the time difference between the long vertical bars of the paired cursors from the D: readout. Automated Measurements of a Integral Waveform You can also use automated measurements to measure integral math waveforms. Use the same procedure as is found under Waveform Differentiation on page 3-151.
Waveform Integration Zoom Once you have your waveform optimally displayed, you may magnify (or reduce) it vertically and horizontally to inspect any feature you desire. Just be sure the integrated waveform is the selected waveform. (Press MORE, then select the integrated waveform in the More main menu. Then use the Vertical and Horizontal SCALE knobs to adjust the math waveform size.) If you wish to see the zoom factor (2X, 5X, etc.) you need to turn Zoom on: press ZOOM ➞ On (side).
Waveform Math You can mathematically manipulate your waveforms. For example, you might have a waveform clouded by background noise. You can obtain a cleaner waveform by subtracting the background noise from your original waveform. This section describes the invert, add, subtract, divide, and multiply waveform math features.
Waveform Math NOTE If your digitizing oscilloscope is equipped with Advanced DSP Math (optional on TDS 620A & TDS 640A), the menu item FFT will be at the same brightness as the menu items Single Wfm Math and Dual Wfm Math; otherwise, FFT will be dimmed. See pages 3-38, 3-150, and 3-154 for information on FFTs and other advanced math waveforms. 2. Press Average (side) and enter a value with the general purpose knob or the keypad to take an average of multiple acquisitions.
Waveform Math Figure 3-85: Dual Waveform Math Main and Side Menus Dual Wfm Math 1. Select the sources with MORE ➞ Math1, Math2, or Math3 (main) ➞ Change Math waveform definition (side) ➞ Dual Wfm Math (main) ➞ Set 1st Source to and Set 2nd Source to (side). Enter the sources by repeatedly pressing the appropriate channel selection button. 2. To enter the math operator, press Set operator to (side) to cycle through the choices. Supported operators are +, –, * and /. 3.
Zoom At times, you may want to expand or compress a waveform on the display without changing the acquisition parameters. You can do that with the zoom feature. Zoom and Interpolation When you zoom in on a waveform on the display, you expand a portion of the waveform. The digitizing oscilloscope may need to show more points for that portion than it has acquired. If it needs to do this, it interpolates. The instrument can interpolate in either of two ways: linear or sin(x)/x.
Zoom NOTE Although zoom must be turned on to control which waveforms zoom affects, the setting for Horizontal Lock affects which waveforms the horizontal control positions whether zoom is on or off. The rules for the three settings are listed in step 2. Only the selected waveform (the top one) changes size.
Zoom Reset Zoom To reset all zoom factors to their defaults (see Table 3-10), press ZOOM ➞ Reset Zoom Factors (side). Table 3-10: Zoom Defaults Parameter Setting Zoom Vertical Position 0 Zoom Vertical Gain 1X Zoom Horizontal Position Tracking Horizontal Position Zoom Horizontal Gain 1X Press ZOOM ➞ Off (side) to return to normal oscilloscope (non-zoom) operation. For Further Information 3Ć164 See Acquisition, on page 2-19. See Display Modes, on page 3-28.
Appendices
Appendix A: Options and Accessories This section describes the various options as well as the standard and optional accessories that are available for the TDS 500A Digitizing Oscilloscopes. Options The following options are available: Options A1–A5: International Power Cords Besides the standard North American, 110 V, 60 Hz power cord, Tektronix ships any of five alternate power cord configurations with the oscilloscope when ordered by the customer.
Appendix A: Options and Accessories Warranty-Plus Service Options The following options add to the services available with the standard warranty. (The standard warranty appears following the title page in this manual.) H Option M2: When Option M2 is ordered, Tektronix provides five years of warranty/remedial service. H Option M3: When Option M3 is ordered, Tektronix provides five years of warranty/remedial service and four oscilloscope calibrations.
Appendix A: Options and Accessories Option 05: Video Trigger With this option, Tektronix ships the instrument with tools for investigating events that occur when a video signal generates a horizontal or vertical sync pulse. It allows you to investigate a range of NTSC, PAL, SECAM, and high definition TV signals.
Appendix A: Options and Accessories constant, or a ratio calibration technique. The calibration is in compliance with US MIL–STD–45662A. This option also includes a test data report for the instrument.
Appendix A: Options and Accessories Table A-3: Probe Accessories (Cont.
Appendix A: Options and Accessories H P6204 Active, high speed digital voltage probe. FET. DC to 1 GHz. DC offset. 50 W input. Use with 1103 TekProbe Power Supply for offset control. H P6563AS Passive, SMD probe, 20X, 500 MHz H P6046 Active, differential probe, 1X/10X, DC to 100 MHz, 50 W input. H A6501 Buffer Amplifier (active fixtured), 1 GHz, 1 MW 10X. H P6501 Option 02: Microprobe with TekProbe power cable (active fixtured), 750 MHz, 1 MW 10X. H AM 503S — DC/AC Current probe system, AC/DC.
Appendix A: Options and Accessories Table A-5: Probe Accessories Accessory Part Number 013–0226–00 Connector, BNC: 50 W, BNC to Probe Tip Adapter 013–0227–00 Connector, Probe: Package of 100, compact 131–4244–00 Connector, Probe: Package of 25, compact 131–5031–00 Screwdriver Adjustment Tool, Package of five 003–1433–01 Compact-to-Miniature Probe Tip Adapter 013–0202–02 Probe Tip Holder: (holds three tips) 352–0670–00 Three-inch Slip-On Ground Lead 196–3113–03 Probe Holder: Black ABS 352–0
Appendix A: Options and Accessories Accessory Software The following optional accessories are Tektronix software products recommended for use with your digitizing oscilloscope: Table A-6: Accessory Software Software Part Number EZ-Test Program Generator S45F030 Wavewriter: AWG and waveform creation S3FT400 TekTMS: Test management system S3FT001 LabWindows S3FG910 Warranty Information Check for the full warranty statements for this product, the probes, and the products listed above on the first pa
Appendix B: Algorithms TDS 600A Digitizing Oscilloscopes can take 25 automatic measurements. By knowing how they make these calculations, you may better understand how to use your TDS 600A and how to interpret your results. Measurement Variables TDS 600A Digitizing Oscilloscopes use a variety of variables in their calculations. These include: High, Low High is the value used as the 100% level in measurements such as fall time and rise time.
Appendix B: Algorithms 2. It splits the histogram into two sections at the halfway point between Min and Max (also called Mid). 3. The level with the most points in the upper histogram is the High value, and the level with the most points in the lower histogram is the Low value. (Choose the levels where the histograms peak for High and Low.
Appendix B: Algorithms End — is the location of the end of the measurement zone (X-value). It is ( – 1.0) samples unless you are making a gated measurement. When you use gated measurements, it is the location of the right vertical cursor. Hysteresis — The hysteresis band is 10% of the waveform amplitude. It is used in , , and calculations.
Appendix B: Algorithms MCross1 (StartCycle) MCross2 MCross3 (EndCycle) MidRef + (Hysteresis x Amplitude) MidRef MidRef – (Hysteresis x Amplitude) Figure A-1: MCross Calculations Waveform[<0.0 ... RecordLength–1.0>] — holds the acquired data. TPOS — is the location of the sample just before the trigger point (the time reference zero sample). In other terms, it contains the domain reference location. This location is where time = 0. TSOFF — is the offset between and the actual trigger point.
Appendix B: Algorithms For details of the integration algorithm, see page A-19. Cycle Area Amplitude (voltage) measurement. The area over one waveform cycle. For non-cyclical data, you might prefer to use the Area measurement. If StartCycle = EndCycle then return the (interpolated) value at StartCycle. CycleMean= ŕ EndCycle Waveform(t)dt StartCycle For details of the integration algorithm, see page A-19. Burst Width Timing measurement. The duration of a burst. 1. Find MCross1 on the waveform.
Appendix B: Algorithms For details of the integration algorithm, see page A-19. Delay Timing measurement. The amount of time between the and crossings of two different traces, or two different places on the same trace. Delay measurements are actually a group of measurements. To get a specific delay measurement, you must specify the target and reference crossing polarities and the reference search direction.
Appendix B: Algorithms Fall Time THF TL F High HighRef LowRe f Lo w Figure A-2: Fall Time Frequency Timing measurement. The reciprocal of the period. Measured in Hertz (Hz) where 1 Hz = 1 cycle per second. If Period = 0 or is otherwise bad, return an error. Frequency = 1/Period High 100% (highest) voltage reference value. (See “High, Low” earlier in this section) Using the min-max measurement technique: High = Max Low 0% (lowest) voltage reference value calculated.
Appendix B: Algorithms Maximum Amplitude (voltage) measurement. The maximum voltage. Typically the most positive peak voltage. Examine all # samples from ! ! to inclusive, and set % equal to the greatest magnitude # value found. Mean The arithmetic mean for one waveform. Remember that one waveform is not necessarily equal to one cycle. For cyclical data you may prefer to use the cycle mean rather than the arithmetic mean.
Appendix B: Algorithms Negative Width Timing measurement. The distance (time) between (default = 50%) amplitude points of a negative pulse. If = ‘–’ then = – else = – Peak to Peak Amplitude measurement. The absolute difference between the maximum and minimum amplitude. = – Period Timing measurement. Time taken for one complete signal cycle. The reciprocal of frequency. Measured in seconds.
Appendix B: Algorithms If the target waveform leads the reference waveform, phase is positive; if it lags, negative. Phase is not available in the Snapshot display. Positive Duty Cycle Timing measurement. The ratio of the positive pulse width to the signal period, expressed as a percentage. PositiveWidth is defined in Positive Width, following. If Period = 0 or undefined then return an error. PositiveDutyCycle = PositiveWidth Period 100 % Positive Overshoot Amplitude (voltage) measurement.
Appendix B: Algorithms 3. From TLR, continue the search, looking for a crossing of HighRef. Update TLR if subsequent LowRef crossings are found. If a HighRef crossing is found, it becomes the high rise time or THR. (Use linear interpolation if necessary.) RiseTime = THR – TLR 4. Rise Time TLR THR High HighRef LowRe f Lo w Figure A-3: Rise Time RMS: Ǹ Amplitude (voltage) measurement. The true Root Mean Square voltage. If Start = End then RMS = the (interpolated) value at Waveform[Start].
Appendix B: Algorithms W(t) is the sampled waveform ^ W(t)is the continuous function obtained by linear interpolation of W(t) A and B are numbers between 0.0 and RecordLength–1.0 If A and B are integers, then: ŕ B ^ W(t)dt A +s ȍ * W(i) i +A B 1 )W i)1 ( 2 ) where s is the sample interval.
Appendix B: Algorithms Missing or Out-of-Range Samples If some samples in the waveform are missing or off-scale, the measurements will linearly interpolate between known samples to make an “appropriate” guess as to the sample value. Missing samples at the ends of the measurement record will be assumed to have the value of the nearest known sample.
Appendix B: Algorithms For example, if is set directly, then would not change even if samples were out of range. However, if was chosen using the % choice from the Set Levels in % Units selection of the Measure menu, then could give a “CLIPPING” warning. NOTE When measurements are displayed using Snapshot, out of range warnings are NOT available.
Appendix C: Packaging for Shipment If you ship the digitizing oscilloscope, pack it in the original shipping carton and packing material. If the original packing material is not available, package the instrument as follows: 1. Obtain a corrugated cardboard shipping carton with inside dimensions at least 15 cm (6 in) taller, wider, and deeper than the digitizing oscilloscope. The shipping carton must be constructed of cardboard with 170 kg (375 pound) test strength. 2.
Appendix C: Packaging for Shipment AĆ24 Appendices
Appendix D: Factory Initialization Settings The factory initialization settings provide you a known state for the digitizing oscilloscope. Settings Factory initialization sets values as shown in Table A-7.
Appendix D: Factory Initialization Settings Table A-7: Factory Initialization Defaults (Cont.) AĆ26 Control Changed by Factory Init to Delay trigger average # 16 Delay trigger envelope # 10 Delay time 16 ns Delay events, triggerable after main 2 Delayed, delay by ...
Appendix D: Factory Initialization Settings Table A-7: Factory Initialization Defaults (Cont.) Control Changed by Factory Init to Display variable persistence 500 ms Edge trigger coupling DC Edge trigger level 0.
Appendix D: Factory Initialization Settings Table A-7: Factory Initialization Defaults (Cont.) Control Changed by Factory Init to Logic state trigger Ch4 (Ax2) input Rising edge Logic trigger input (pattern and state) Channel 1 = H (high), Channels 2 & 3 (Ax1) = X (don’t care) Logic trigger pattern time qualification Lower limit Upper limit AĆ28 5 ns 5 ns Logic trigger threshold (all channels) (pattern and state) 1.
Appendix D: Factory Initialization Settings Table A-7: Factory Initialization Defaults (Cont.) Control Changed by Factory Init to Pulse runt high threshold 1.2 V Pulse runt low threshold 0.8 V Pulse runt trigger polarity Positive Pulse trigger class Glitch Pulse glitch filter state On (Accept glitch) Pulse glitch width 2.0 ns Pulse trigger level 0.0 V Pulse trigger source (Glitch, runt, and width) Channel 1 (Ch1) Pulse width trigger when ... Within limits Pulse width upper limit 2.
Appendix D: Factory Initialization Settings Table A-7: Factory Initialization Defaults (Cont.) AĆ30 Control Changed by Factory Init to Zoom state Off Zoom vertical (all channels) 1.
Glossary
Glossary AC coupling A type of signal transmission that blocks the DC component of a signal but uses the dynamic (AC) component. Useful for observing an AC signal that is normally riding on a DC signal. Accuracy The closeness of the indicated value to the true value. Acquisition The process of sampling signals from input channels, digitizing the samples into data points, and assembling the data points into a waveform record. The waveform record is stored in memory.
Glossary Automatic trigger mode A trigger mode that causes the oscilloscope to automatically acquire if triggerable events are not detected within a specified time period. Autoset A function of the oscilloscope that automatically produces a stable waveform of usable size. Autoset sets up front-panel controls based on the characteristics of the active waveform. A successful autoset will set the volts/div, time/div, and trigger level to produce a coherent and stable waveform display.
Glossary Cycle RMS The true Root Mean Square voltage over one cycle. DC coupling A mode that passes both AC and DC signal components to the circuit. Available for both the trigger system and the vertical system. Delay measurement A measurement of the time between the middle reference crossings of two different waveforms. Delay time The time between the trigger event and the acquisition of data.
Glossary Gated Measurements A feature that lets you limit automated measurements to a specified portion of the waveform. You define the area of interest using the vertical cursors. General purpose knob The large front-panel knob with an indentation. You can use it to change the value of the assigned parameter. Glitch positive trigger Triggering occurs if the oscilloscope detects positive spike widths less than the specified glitch time.
Glossary Holdoff, trigger A specified amount of time after a trigger signal that elapses before the trigger circuit will accept another trigger signal. Trigger holdoff helps ensure a stable display. Horizontal bar cursors The two horizontal bars that you position to measure the voltage parameters of a waveform. The oscilloscope displays the value of the active (moveable) cursor with respect to ground and the voltage value between the bars.
Glossary Low The value used as 0% in automated measurements (whenever high ref, mid ref, and low ref values are needed as in fall time and rise time measurements). May be calculated using either the min/max or the histogram method. With the min/max method (most useful for general waveforms), it is the minimum value found. With the histogram method (most useful for pulses), it refers to the most common value found below the mid point. See Appendix B: Algorithms for details.
Glossary NOR A logic (Boolean) function in which the output of the OR function is complemented (true becomes false, and false becomes true). On the digitizing oscilloscope, that is a trigger logic pattern and state function. OR A logic (Boolean) function in which the output is true if any of the inputs are true. Otherwise the output is false. On the digitizing oscilloscope, that is a trigger logic pattern and state function. Oscilloscope An instrument for making a graph of two factors.
Glossary Positive width A timing measurement of the distance (time) between two amplitude points — rising-edge MidRef (default 50%) and falling-edge MidRef (default 50%) — on a positive pulse. Posttrigger The specified portion of the waveform record that contains data acquired after the trigger event. Pretrigger The specified portion of the waveform record that contains data acquired before the trigger event. Probe An oscilloscope input device.
Glossary Sample acquisition mode The oscilloscope creates a record point by saving the first sample during each acquisition interval. That is the default mode of the acquisition. Sample interval The time interval between successive samples in a time base. For real-time digitizers, the sample interval is the reciprocal of the sample rate. For equivalent-time digitizers, the time interval between successive samples represents equivalent time, not real time.
Glossary Trigger level The vertical level the trigger signal must cross to generate a trigger (on edge trigger mode). Vertical bar cursors The two vertical bars you position to measure the time parameter of a waveform record. The oscilloscope displays the value of the active (moveable) cursor with respect to the trigger and the time value between the bars. Waveform The shape or form (visible representation) of a signal. Waveform interval The time interval between record points as displayed.
Index
Index Numbers 1/seconds (Hz), Cursor menu, 3-21 100 MHz, Vertical menu, 3-149 20 MHz, Vertical menu, 3-149 RUN/STOP, 3-8 Sample, 3-7 Single Acquisition Sequence, 3-8 Stop After, 3-8, 3-76 Stop After Limit Test Condition Met, 3-76 Template Source, 3-73 V Limit, 3-74 ACQUIRE MENU button, 3-7, 3-73 A AC coupling, 2-16–2-17, Glossary-1 AC line voltage, trigger input, 2-14 AC, Main Trigger menu, 3-35 Accept Glitch, Main Trigger menu, 3-122 Accessories, A-1–A-8 Optional, A-5 Probes, A-4, A-5–A-8 Software, A-8 S
Index DISPLAY, 3-12, 3-28 FORCE TRIG, 3-143 HARDCOPY, 3-55, 3-61, 3-128 HELP, 3-67 HORIZONTAL MENU, 2-18, 3-23 MEASURE, 3-89 MORE, 3-134, 3-136, 3-159 ON/STBY, 1-4, 2-3 Save/Recall SETUP, 1-7, 3-55, 3-130 Save/Recall WAVEFORM, 3-55, 3-133 SELECT, 2-31, 3-20, Glossary-9 SET LEVEL TO 50%, 3-143 SINGLE TRIG, 3-8, 3-143 STATUS, 3-140 TOGGLE, 3-20 TRIGGER MENU, 3-34, 3-80, 3-121, 3-123, 3-145 UTILITY, 3-60, 3-128 VERTICAL MENU, 1-14 WAVEFORM OFF, 1-16, 3-32, 3-137 ZOOM, 2-28, 3-162 Buttons CH1, CH2 ...
Index Create Limit Test Template, Acquire menu, 3-73 Create Measrmnt, Measure Delay menu, 3-95 Cross Hair, Display menu, 3-31 Current probes, 3-115 Cursor Horizontal bar, 2-31, 3-17 Measurements, 2-31 Mode, 2-31–2-32 Independent, 2-31–2-32 Tracking, 2-32 Paired, 2-31, 3-17 Vertical bar, 2-31, 3-17 CURSOR button, 3-19 Cursor menu, 3-19, 3-42, 3-155 1/seconds (Hz), 3-21 Amplitude Units, 3-21 Base, 3-21 Function, 3-19, 3-20 H Bars, 3-19, 3-20 Independent, 3-20 IRE (NTSC), 3-21 seconds, 3-21 Time Units, 3-21 T
Index Display, Display menu, 3-28 Display, Status menu, 3-140 Dots, 3-29 F Dots style, Display menu, 3-75 Factory initialization settings, A-25–A-30 Dots, Display menu, 3-29 factory, Saved setup status, 3-130 DPU411–II, Hardcopy menu, 3-61 Fall time, 3-87, Glossary-4 DPU412, Hardcopy menu, 3-61 Falling edge, Delayed Trigger menu, 3-26 Dual Wfm Math, More menu, 3-160 Dual-lead adapter, 3-103 Falling edge, Main Trigger menu, 3-36, 3-84 Duty cycle, 1-18, Glossary-6, Glossary-7 Fast Fourier Transf
Index Graticule, Display menu, 3-31 Hardcopy menu BMP Color, 3-61 BMP Mono, 3-61 Clear Spool, 3-61, 3-62 Deskjet, 3-61 DPU411–II, 3-61 DPU412, 3-61 EPS Color Img, 3-61 EPS Color Plt, 3-61 EPS Mono Img, 3-61 EPS Mono Plt, 3-61 Epson, 3-61 Format, 3-61 GPIB, 3-61 HPGL, 3-61 Interleaf, 3-61 Landscape, 3-61 Laserjet, 3-61 Layout, 3-61 OK Confirm Clear Spool, 3-62 PCX, 3-61 PCX Color, 3-61 Port, 3-61 Portrait, 3-61 RLE Color, 3-61 Thinkjet, 3-61 TIFF, 3-61 Grid, Display menu, 3-31 Hardcopy, Color menu, 3-13
Index I I/O, Status menu, 3-140 Trigger MAIN LEVEL, 1-11, 2-17 Vertical POSITION, 1-10, 2-26, 3-147 Vertical SCALE, 1-10, 2-26, 3-147 M Main menu, Glossary-6 I/O, Utility menu, 3-60, 3-128 Main menu buttons, 2-3, Glossary-6 IC protector tip, 3-102 Main Scale, Horizontal menu, 3-70 Icons, 1-1 Independent Mode, Cursor, 2-31–2-32 Independent, Cursor menu, 3-20 Infinite Persistence, Display menu, 3-29 Installation, 1-3–1-4 Integral math waveform, 3-154 applications, 3-154 automated measurements of, 3-15
Index Trigger When, 3-81, 3-83 True for less than, 3-83 True for more than, 3-83 Type, 3-34, 3-121, 3-123, 3-145 Width, 3-122 MAIN TRIGGER OUTPUT, BNC, 2-5 Map Math, Color menu, 3-14 Map Reference, Color menu, 3-15 Marker rings, 3-100, A-7 Math Waveform Differential, A-3 FFT, A-3 Integral, A-3 Optional Advanced, A-3 Math waveform derivative. See Derivative math waveform FFT. See FFT math waveform integral.
Index Set FFT Vert Scale to:, 3-40 Set FFT Window to:, 3-40 Set Function to, 3-160 Set Function to:, 3-151, 3-155 Set operator to, 3-161 Set Single Source to, 3-160 Set Single Source to:, 3-150, 3-154 Single Wfm Math, 3-150, 3-154, 3-160 OK Confirm Clear Spool, Hardcopy menu, 3-62 Persistence Palette, Color menu, 3-13 OK Create Math Wfm, More menu, 3-160 Phase, 3-87, Glossary-7 OK Create Measurement, Measure Delay menu, 3-95 OK Erase Ref & Panel Memory, Utility menu, 3-131 OK Store Template, Acquire m
Index Low-inductance spring-tips, 3-101, A-7 Marker rings, 3-100, A-7 Probe tip-to-chassis adapter, 3-102, A-7 Probe tip-to-circuit board adapters, 3-101 Retractable hook tip, 3-98 SMT KlipChip, 3-101, A-7 Probe Cal, 3-104–3-109 Probe tip-to-chassis adapter, 3-102, A-7 Probe tip-to-circuit board adapters, 3-101 Probes Accessories, 3-98–3-103, A-4, A-5–A-8 Active, A-3 Active voltage, 3-114–3-115 Additional, A-3 By applications, 3-117, 3-118 Compensation, 1-10, 3-110, Glossary-8 Connection, 1-6, 3-97–3-103 C
Index S Serial number, 2-5 Single-Shot sampling, 2-20 Set 1st Source to, More menu, 3-161 Slope, Glossary-9 Safety, v Symbols, v Set 2nd Source to, More menu, 3-161 Slope, Delayed Trigger menu, 3-26 Sample acquisition mode, 3-3, Glossary-9 Set Function to, More menu, 3-160 Sample interval, Glossary-9 Sample, Acquire menu, 3-7 Set Levels in % units, Measure menu, 3-92 Snapshot, Readout, 3-95 Sampling, 2-20, Glossary-9 Set operator to, More menu, 3-161 Snapshot of Measurements, 1-21, 3-95 Sam
Index Tek Secure, 3-131, Glossary-9 Tek Secure Erase Memory, Utility menu, 3-131 Temperature compensation, 3-138–3-139 Temperature, Color menu, 3-13 Template Source, Acquire menu, 3-73 Trigger Bar Style, Display menu, 3-30 Trigger Level Bar, Readout, 3-30, 3-72 Trigger MAIN LEVEL knob, 1-11, 2-17, 3-142 TRIGGER MENU button, 3-34, 3-80, 3-121, 3-123, 3-145 Stop Bits, 3-60 System, 3-60, 3-128 Talk/Listen Address, 3-128 V Trigger Point, Readout, 3-30, 3-72 V Limit, Acquire menu, 3-74 Thinkjet, 3-59 Tri
Index W Waveforms, Status menu, 3-140 WARNING, statement in manual, v Width trigger, 3-119, 3-125 YT, Format, 3-31–3-33 Waveform, Glossary-10 Interval, Glossary-10 Math, 3-159–3-161 Off priority, 3-137 Width, Main Trigger menu, 3-122 YT format, Glossary-10 YT, Display menu, 3-32 Waveform integration, 3-154 Window, 3-51 Blackman-Harris, 3-41, 3-51, 3-54 characteristics of, 3-53 Hamming, 3-41, 3-51, 3-54 Hanning, 3-41, 3-51, 3-54 rectangular, 3-40, 3-51, 3-54 rectangular vs.
