User Manual TDS1000- and TDS2000-Series Digital Storage Oscilloscope 071-1064-00 This document supports firmware version FV:v1.00 and above. www.tektronix.
Copyright © Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supercedes that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved. Tektronix, Inc., P.O. Box 500, Beaverton, OR 97077 TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.
WARRANTY SUMMARY (TDS1000- and TDS2000-Series Digital Storage Oscilloscope) Tektronix warrants that the products that it manufactures and sells will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3) years from the date of shipment from an authorized Tektronix distributor. If a product or CRT proves defective within the respective period, Tektronix will provide repair or replacement as described in the complete warranty statement.
WARRANTY SUMMARY (P2200 Probe) Tektronix warrants that the products that it manufactures and sells will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment. If a product proves defective within the respective period, Tektronix will provide repair or replacement as described in the complete warranty statement. To arrange for service or obtain a copy of the complete warranty statement, please contact your nearest Tektronix sales and service office.
Table of Contents General Safety Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Help System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Product End-of-Life Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contacting Tektronix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents ii Acquiring Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scaling and Positioning Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vertical Scale and Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information . . . .
Table of Contents Triggering on a Specific Pulse Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Triggering on a Video Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Triggering on Video Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Triggering on Video Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using the Window Function to See Waveform Details . . . . Analyzing a Differential Communication Signal . . . . . . . . . . . Viewing Impedance Changes in a Network . . . . . . .
Table of Contents iv TDS2CMA Communications Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing and Removing an Extension Module . . . . . . . . . . . . Checking Module Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Troubleshooting Module Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sending Screen Data to an External Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting Up and Testing the RS-232 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transferring Binary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Safety Summary Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it. To avoid potential hazards, use this product only as specified. Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures. To Avoid Fire or Personal Injury Use Proper Power Cord. Use only the power cord specified for this product and certified for the country of use. Connect and Disconnect Properly.
General Safety Summary Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions. Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere. Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry. Safety Terms and Symbols Terms in This Manual. These terms may appear in this manual: WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result in injury or loss of life. CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to this product or other property. Terms on the Product.
Preface This manual contains operating information for the TDS1000-Series and TDS2000-Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes. The manual consists of the following chapters: H The Getting Started chapter briefly describes features of the oscilloscope and provides installation instructions.
Preface H The Math FFT chapter contains detailed information about how to use the Math FFT function. H The TDS2CMA Communications Module chapter describes this optional module and how to set up the RS-232, GPIB, and Centronics ports to use the oscilloscope with external devices, such as printers and computers. H The Appendix A: Specifications chapter includes electrical, environmental, and physical specifications for the oscilloscope, as well as certifications and compliances.
Preface Help System The oscilloscope has a Help system with topics that cover all the features of the oscilloscope. You can use the Help system to display several kinds of information: H General information about understanding and using the oscilloscope, such as Using the Menu System. H Information about specific menus and controls, such as the Vertical Position Control. H Advice about problems you may face while using an oscilloscope, such as Reducing Noise.
Preface Hyperlinks Most of the help topics contain phrases marked with angle brackets, such as . These are links to other topics. Turn the HELP SCROLL knob to move the highlight from one link to another. Push the Show Topic option button to display the topic corresponding to the highlighted link. Push the Back option button to return to the previous topic. Index Push the front-- panel HELP button, then push the Index option button.
Preface Conventions This manual uses the following conventions: H Front-panel buttons, knobs and connectors appear in all uppercase letters. For example: HELP, PRINT. H Menu options appear with the first letter of each word in upper case. For example: Peak Detect, Window Zone. Front-panel buttons and knob labels — All upper case Option buttons — First letter of each word on screen is upper case NOTE. Option buttons can also be called screen buttons, side-menu buttons, bezel buttons, or soft keys.
Preface Product End-of-Life Handling Components that Contain Mercury. The cold cathode fluorescent tube located in the liquid crystal display backlight contains trace amounts of mercury. When you are ready to reclaim the instrument, you must properly transfer it according to local regulations concerning mercury-containing equipment or ship the instrument to the Tektronix Recycling Operations (RAMS). You can contact Tektronix for the RAMS shipping address and instructions.
Preface Contacting Tektronix Phone 1-800-833-9200* Address Tektronix, Inc. Department or name (if known) 14200 SW Karl Braun Drive P.O. Box 500 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA Web site www.tektronix.com Sales support 1-800-833-9200, select option 1* Service support 1-800-833-9200, select option 2* Technical support Email: techsupport@tektronix.com 1-800-833-9200, select option 3* 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Pacific time * This phone number is toll free in North America.
Preface xiv TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Getting Started TDS1000-Series and TDS2000-Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes are small, lightweight, benchtop packages that you can use to take ground-referenced measurements. In addition to the list of general features, this chapter describes how to do the following tasks: H Install your product H Perform a brief functional check H Perform a probe check and compensate probes H Match your probe attenuation factor H Use the self calibration routine NOTE.
Getting Started General Features The next table and bulleted list describe the general features. Model Channels Bandwidth Sample rate Display TDS1002 2 60 MHz 1.0 GS/s Monochrome TDS1012 2 100 MHz 1.0 GS/s Monochrome TDS2002 2 60 MHz 1.0 GS/s Color TDS2012 2 100 MHz 1.0 GS/s Color TDS2014 4 100 MHz 1.0 GS/s Color TDS2022 2 200 MHz 2.0 GS/s Color TDS2024 4 200 MHz 2.
Getting Started H Dual time base H Math Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) H Pulse Width trigger capability H Video trigger capability with line-selectable triggering H External trigger H Setup and waveform storage H Variable persistence display H RS-232, GPIB, and Centronics ports with the optional TDS2CMA Communications Extension Module H User interface in ten user-selectable languages TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 3
Getting Started Installation Power Cord Use only power cords designed for your oscilloscope. Use a power source that delivers 90 to 264 VACRMS, 45 to 66 Hz. If you have a 400 Hz power source, it must deliver 90 to 132 VACRMS, 360 to 440 Hz. Refer to page 171 for a list of available power cords. Securing cable Power cable Security Loop Use the built-in cable channels to secure both your oscilloscope and extension module to your location.
Getting Started Functional Check Perform this quick functional check to verify that your oscilloscope is operating correctly. ON/OFF button 1. Power on the oscilloscope. Wait until the display shows that all power-on tests passed. Push the DEFAULT SETUP button. The default Probe option attenuation setting is 10X. PASSED PROBE COMP 2. Set the switch to 10X on the P2200 probe and connect the probe to channel 1 on the oscilloscope.
Getting Started Probe Safety A guard around the probe body provides a finger barrier for protection from electric shock. Finger guard WARNING. To avoid electric shock when using the probe, keep fingers behind the guard on the probe body. To avoid electric shock while using the probe, do not touch metallic portions of the probe head while it is connected to a voltage source. Connect the probe to the oscilloscope and connect the ground terminal to ground before you take any measurements.
Getting Started Probe Check Wizard You can use the Probe Check Wizard to quickly verify that your probe is operating properly. The wizard also helps you adjust the probe compensation (usually adjusted with a screw on the probe body or probe connector) and set the Probe option attenuation factor in the vertical menu (for example, the menu that appears when you push the CH 1 MENU button). You should do this each time you connect a probe to an input channel.
Getting Started Manual Probe Compensation As an alternative method to Probe Check, you can manually perform this adjustment to match your probe to the input channel. PROBE COMP AUTOSET button CH 1 1. Set the Probe option attenuation in the channel menu to 10X. Set the switch to 10X on the P2200 probe and connect the probe to channel 1 on the oscilloscope. If you use the probe hook-tip, ensure a proper connection by firmly inserting the tip onto the probe. 2.
Getting Started Probe Attenuation Setting Probes are available with various attenuation factors which affect the vertical scale of the signal. The Probe Check function verifies that the Probe attenuation option matches the attenuation of the probe. As an alternative method to Probe Check, you can push a vertical menu button (such as the CH 1 MENU button), and select the Probe option that matches the attenuation factor of your probe. NOTE. The default setting for the Probe option is 10X.
Getting Started Self Calibration The self calibration routine lets you optimize the oscilloscope signal path for maximum measurement accuracy. You can run the routine at any time but should always run the routine if the ambient temperature changes by 5_ C or more. To compensate the signal path, disconnect any probes or cables from the front-panel input connectors. Then, push the UTILITY button, select the Do Self Cal option and follow the directions on the screen.
Understanding Oscilloscope Functions This chapter contains information on what you need to understand before you use an oscilloscope. To use your oscilloscope effectively, you need to learn about the following oscilloscope functions: H Setting up the oscilloscope H Triggering H Acquiring signals (waveforms) H Scaling and positioning waveforms H Measuring waveforms The figure below shows a block diagram of the various functions of the oscilloscope and their relationship to each other.
Understanding Oscilloscope Functions Setting Up the Oscilloscope You should become familiar with three functions that you may use often when operating your oscilloscope: Autoset, saving a setup, and recalling a setup. Using Autoset The Autoset function obtains a stable waveform display for you. It automatically adjusts the vertical scale, horizontal scale and trigger settings. Autoset also displays several automatic measurements in the graticule area, depending on the signal type.
Understanding Oscilloscope Functions Default Setup The oscilloscope is set up for normal operation when it is shipped from the factory. This is the default setup. To recall this setup, push the DEFAULT SETUP button. To view the default settings, refer to Appendix D: Default Setup. Triggering The trigger determines when the oscilloscope starts to acquire data and display a waveform. When a trigger is set up properly, the oscilloscope converts unstable displays or blank screens into meaningful waveforms.
Understanding Oscilloscope Functions When you push the RUN/STOP or SINGLE SEQ buttons to start an acquisition, the oscilloscope goes through the following steps: 1. Acquires enough data to fill the portion of the waveform record to the left of the trigger point. This is also called the pretrigger. 2. Continues to acquire data while waiting for the trigger condition to occur. 3. Detects the trigger condition. 4. Continues to acquire data until the waveform record is full. 5.
Understanding Oscilloscope Functions Types The oscilloscope provides three types of triggers: Edge, Video, and Pulse Width. Modes You can select a Trigger Mode to define how the oscilloscope acquires data when it does not detect a trigger condition. The modes are Auto and Normal. To perform a single sequence acquisition, push the SINGLE SEQ button. Coupling You can use the Trigger Coupling option to determine which part of the signal will pass to the trigger circuit.
Understanding Oscilloscope Functions Position The horizontal position control establishes the time between the trigger and the screen center. Refer to Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information on page 19 for more information on how to use this control to position the trigger. Slope and Level The Slope and Level controls help to define the trigger. The Slope option (Edge trigger type only) determines whether the oscilloscope finds the trigger point on the rising or the falling edge of a signal.
Understanding Oscilloscope Functions Acquiring Signals When you acquire a signal, the oscilloscope converts it into a digital form and displays a waveform. The acquisition mode defines how the signal is digitized and the time base setting affects the time span and level of detail in the acquisition. Acquisition Modes There are three acquisition modes: Sample, Peak Detect, and Average. Sample. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope samples the signal in evenly spaced intervals to construct the waveform.
Understanding Oscilloscope Functions Time Base The oscilloscope digitizes waveforms by acquiring the value of an input signal at discrete points. The time base allows you to control how often the values are digitized. To adjust the time base to a horizontal scale that suits your purpose, use the SEC/DIV knob. Scaling and Positioning Waveforms You can change the display of waveforms by adjusting their scale and position. When you change the scale, the waveform display will increase or decrease in size.
Understanding Oscilloscope Functions Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information You can adjust the HORIZONTAL POSITION control to view waveform data before the trigger, after the trigger, or some of each. When you change the horizontal position of a waveform, you are actually changing the time between the trigger and the center of the display. (This appears to move the waveform to the right or left on the display.
Understanding Oscilloscope Functions Time Domain Aliasing. Aliasing occurs when the oscilloscope does not sample the signal fast enough to construct an accurate waveform record. When this happens, the oscilloscope displays a waveform with a frequency lower than the actual input waveform, or triggers and displays an unstable waveform.
Understanding Oscilloscope Functions Oscilloscope models with 60 MHz or 100 MHz bandwidth sample at rates up to 1 GS/s. Models with 200 MHz bandwidth sample at rates up to 2 GS/s. In both cases, these maximum sample rates are at least ten times the bandwidth. These high sample rates help reduce the possibility of aliasing. There are several ways to check for aliasing: H Turn the SEC/DIV knob to change the horizontal scale. If the shape of the waveform changes drastically, you may have aliasing.
Understanding Oscilloscope Functions The next table lists the time bases that you should use to avoid aliasing at various frequencies and the respective sample rate. At the fastest SEC/DIV setting, aliasing is not likely to occur due to the bandwidth limitations of the oscilloscope input amplifiers. Settings to avoid aliasing in Sample mode Time base (SEC/DIV) Samples per second 25 to 250.0 ns 1 GS/s or 2 GS/s* 500.0 ns Maximum frequency component 200.0 MHz** 500.0 MS/s 200.0 MHz** 1.0 s 250.
Understanding Oscilloscope Functions Settings to avoid aliasing in Sample mode (Cont.) Samples per second Maximum frequency component 1.0 ms 250.0 kS/s 125.0 kHz 2.5 ms 100.0 kS/s 50.0 kHz Time base (SEC/DIV) 5.0 ms 50.0 kS/s 25.0 kHz 10.0 ms 25.0 kS/s 12.5 kHz 25.0 ms 10.0 kS/s 5.0 kHz 50.0 ms 5.0 kS/s 2.5 kHz 100.0 ms 2.5 kS/s 1.25 kHz 250.0 ms 1.0 kS/s 500.0 Hz 500.0 ms 500.0 S/s 250.0 Hz 1.0 s 250.0 S/s 125.0 Hz 2.5 s 100.0 S/s 50.0 Hz 5.0 s 50.0 S/s 25.0 Hz 10.
Understanding Oscilloscope Functions Taking Measurements The oscilloscope displays graphs of voltage versus time and can help you to measure the displayed waveform. There are several ways to take measurements. You can use the graticule, the cursors, or an automated measurement. Graticule This method allows you to make a quick, visual estimate. For example, you might look at a waveform amplitude and determine that it is a little more than 100 mV.
Understanding Oscilloscope Functions Cursors This method allows you to take measurements by moving the cursors, which always appear in pairs, and reading their numeric values from the display readouts. There are two types of cursors: Voltage and Time. When you use cursors, be sure to set the Source to the waveform on the display that you want to measure. To use cursors, push the CURSOR button. Voltage Cursors. Voltage cursors appear as horizontal lines on the display and measure the vertical parameters.
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Operating Basics The front panel is divided into easy-to-use functional areas. This chapter provides you with a quick overview of the controls and the information displayed on the screen. The next figure shows the front panels for 2-channel and 4-channel models.
Operating Basics Display Area In addition to displaying waveforms, the display is filled with many details about the waveform and the oscilloscope control settings. NOTE. For similar details for the FFT function, refer to page 119. 1 2 3 Trig’d 5 4 M Pos:-11.30ms 6 15 CH1 500mVBW CH2 200mV Default setup recalled 7 8 9 M 500ms 10 W 100ms 11 CH1 750mV 1.00000kHz 16 12 13 14 1. Icon display shows acquisition mode.
Operating Basics 2. Trigger status indicates the following: Armed. The oscilloscope is acquiring pretrigger data. All triggers are ignored in this state. R Ready. All pretrigger data has been acquired and the oscilloscope is ready to accept a trigger. T Trig’d. The oscilloscope has seen a trigger and is acquiring the posttrigger data. Stop. The oscilloscope has stopped acquiring waveform data. Acq. Complete. The oscilloscope has completed a Single Sequence acquisition. R Auto.
Operating Basics 7. An arrow icon indicates that the waveform is inverted. 8. Readouts show the vertical scale factors of the channels. 9. A BW icon indicates that the channel is bandwidth limited. 10. Readout shows main time base setting. 11. Readout shows window time base setting if it is in use. 12. Readout shows trigger source used for triggering. 13. Icon shows selected trigger type as follows: - Edge trigger for the rising edge. - Edge trigger for the falling edge. - Video trigger for line sync.
Operating Basics Message Area The oscilloscope displays a message area (item number 15 in the previous figure) at the bottom of the screen that conveys the following types of helpful information: H Directions to access another menu, such as when you push the TRIG MENU button: For TRIGGER HOLDOFF, go to HORIZONTAL Menu H Suggestion of what you might want to do next, such as when you push the MEASURE button: Push an option button to change its measurement H Information about the action the oscilloscope perfo
Operating Basics Using the Menu System The user interface of TDS1000- and TDS2000-series oscilloscopes was designed for easy access to specialized functions through the menu structure. When you push a front-panel button, the oscilloscope displays the corresponding menu on the right side of the screen. The menu shows the options that are available when you push the unlabeled option buttons directly to the right of the screen.
Operating Basics H Action: The oscilloscope displays the type of action that will immediately occur when you push an Action option button. For example, when you push the DISPLAY Menu button and then push the Contrast Increase option button, the oscilloscope changes the contrast immediately. H Radio: The oscilloscope uses a different button for each option. The currently-selected option is highlighted.
Operating Basics Vertical Controls All models CH 1, CH 2, CH 3, CH 4, CURSOR 1 and CURSOR 2 POSITION. Positions the waveform vertically. When you display and use cursors, an LED lights to indicate the alternative function of the knobs to move the cursors. CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 & CH 4 MENU. Displays the vertical menu selections and toggles the display of the channel waveform on and off. VOLTS/DIV (CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 & CH 4). Selects calibrated scale factors. MATH MENU.
Operating Basics Horizontal Controls 2-channel models 4-channel models POSITION. Adjusts the horizontal position of all channel and math waveforms. The resolution of this control varies with the time base setting. For information on windows, refer to page 92. NOTE. To make a large adjustment to the horizontal position, turn the SEC/DIV knob to a larger value, change the horizontal position, and then turn the SEC/DIV knob back to the previous value.
Operating Basics HORIZ MENU. Displays the Horizontal Menu. SET TO ZERO. Sets the horizontal position to zero. SEC/DIV. Selects the horizontal time/div (scale factor) for the main or the window time base. When Window Zone is enabled, it changes the width of the window zone by changing the window time base. Refer to page 92 for details about creating and using Window Zone. Trigger Controls 4-channel models 2-channel models LEVEL and USER SELECT.
Operating Basics USER SELECT Description Holdoff Sets the amount of time before another trigger event can be accepted; refer to Holdoff on page 109 Video line number Sets the oscilloscope to a specific line number when the Trigger Type option is set to Video and the Sync option is set to Line Number Pulse width Sets the width of the pulse when the Trigger Type option is set to Pulse and you select the Set Pulse Wdith option TRIG MENU. Displays the Trigger Menu. SET TO 50%.
Operating Basics Menu and Control Buttons All models SAVE/RECALL. Displays the Save/Recall Menu for setups and waveforms. MEASURE. Displays the automated measurements menu. ACQUIRE. Displays the Acquire Menu. DISPLAY. Displays the Display Menu. CURSOR. Displays the Cursor Menu. Vertical Position controls adjust cursor position while displaying the Cursor Menu and the cursors are activated. Cursors remain displayed (unless the Type option is set to Off) after leaving the Cursor Menu but are not adjustable.
Operating Basics Connectors 2-channel models 4-channel models PROBE COMP. Voltage probe compensation output and ground. Use to electrically match the probe to the oscilloscope input circuit. Refer to page 8. The probe compensation ground and BNC shields connect to earth ground and are considered to be ground terminals CAUTION. If you connect a voltage source to a ground terminal, you may damage the oscilloscope or the circuit under test.
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Application Examples This section presents a series of application examples. These simplified examples highlight the features of the oscilloscope and give you ideas for using it to solve your own test problems.
Application Examples Taking Simple Measurements You need to see a signal in a circuit, but you do not know the amplitude or frequency of the signal. You want to quickly display the signal and measure the frequency, period, and peak-to-peak amplitude. CH 1 Using Autoset To quickly display a signal, follow these steps: 1. Push the CH 1 MENU button and set the Probe option attenuation to 10X. 2. Set the switch to 10X on the P2200 probe.
Application Examples 3. Connect the channel 1 probe to the signal. 4. Push the AUTOSET button. The oscilloscope sets the vertical, horizontal, and trigger controls automatically. If you want to optimize the display of the waveform, you can manually adjust these controls. NOTE. The oscilloscope displays relevant automatic measurements in the waveform area of the screen based on the signal type detected. For oscilloscope-specific descriptions, refer to page 79 in the Reference chapter.
Application Examples 3. Push the Type option button and select Freq. The Value readout displays the measurement and updates. NOTE. If a question mark (?) displays in the Value readout, turn the VOLTS/DIV knob for the appropriate channel to increase the sensitivity or change the SEC/DIV setting. 4. Push the Back option button. 5. Push the second option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu appears. 6. Push the Type option button and select Period. The Value readout displays the measurement and updates. 7.
Application Examples 11. Push the second option button from the bottom; the Measure 4 Menu appears. 12. Push the Type option button and select Rise Time. The Value readout displays the measurement and updates. 13. Push the Back option button. 14. Push the bottom option button; the Measure 5 Menu appears. 15. Push the Type option button and select Pos Width. The Value readout displays the measurement and updates. 16. Push the Back option button.
Application Examples Measuring Two Signals You are testing a piece of equipment and need to measure the gain of the audio amplifier. You have an audio generator that can inject a test signal at the amplifier input. Connect two oscilloscope channels to the amplifier input and output as shown. Measure both signal levels and use the measurements to calculate the gain.
Application Examples To activate and display the signals connected to channel 1 and to channel 2, follow these steps: 1. If the channels are not displayed, push the CH 1 MENU and CH 2 MENU buttons. 2. Push the AUTOSET button. To select measurements for the two channels, follow these steps: 1. Push the Measure button to see the Measure Menu. 2. Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appears. 3. Push the Source option button and select CH1. 4. Push the Type option button and select Pk-Pk. 5.
Application Examples Taking Cursor Measurements You can use the cursors to quickly take time and voltage measurements on a waveform. Measuring Ring Frequency To measure the ring frequency at the rising edge of a signal, follow these steps: 1. Push the CURSOR button to see the Cursor Menu. 2. Push the Type option button and select Time. 3. Push the Source option button and select CH1. 4. Turn the CURSOR 1 knob to place a cursor on the first peak of the ring. 5.
Application Examples Measuring Ring Amplitude You measured the ring frequency in the previous example. Now you want to measure the amplitude of the ringing. To measure the amplitude, follow these steps: 1. Push the CURSOR button to see the Cursor Menu. 2. Push the Type option button and select Voltage. 3. Push the Source option button and select CH1. 4. Turn the CURSOR 1 knob to place a cursor on the highest peak of the ring. 5. Turn the CURSOR 2 knob to place a cursor on the lowest point of the ring.
Application Examples Measuring Pulse Width You are analyzing a pulse waveform, and you want to know the width of the pulse. To measure the width of a pulse using the time cursors, follow these steps: 1. Push the CURSOR button to see the Cursor Menu. LEDs light under the VERTICAL POSITION knobs to indicate the alternative CURSOR1 and CURSOR2 functions. 2. Push the Source option button and select CH1. 3. Push the Type option button and select Time. 4.
Application Examples NOTE. The Positive Width measurement is available as an automatic measurement in the Measure Menu, described on page 94. The Positive Width measurement also displays when you select the Single-Cycle Square option in the AUTOSET Menu. Refer to page 82. Measuring Rise Time After measuring the pulse width, you decide that you need to check the rise time of the pulse. Typically, you measure rise time between the 10% and 90% levels of the waveform.
Application Examples 2. Turn the VOLTS/DIV and VERTICAL POSITION knobs to set the waveform amplitude to about five divisions. 3. Push the CH 1 MENU button to see the CH1 Menu if it is not displayed. 4. Push the Volts/Div option button and select Fine. 5. Turn the VOLTS/DIV knob to set the waveform amplitude to exactly five divisions. 6. Turn the VERTICAL POSITION knob to center the waveform; position the baseline of the waveform 2.5 divisions below the center graticule. 7.
Application Examples 10. Turn the CURSOR 2 knob to place the second cursor at the point where the waveform crosses the second graticule line above center screen. This is the 90% level of the waveform. 11. The Delta readout in the Cursor Menu is the rise time of the waveform. 5 divisions NOTE. The Rise Time measurement is available as an automatic measurement in the Measure Menu, described on page 94. The Rise Time measurement also displays when you select the Rising Edge option in the AUTOSET Menu.
Application Examples Analyzing Signal Detail You have a noisy signal displayed on the oscilloscope and you need to know more about it. You suspect that the signal contains much more detail than you can now see in the display. Looking at a Noisy Signal The signal appears noisy and you suspect that noise is causing problems in your circuit. To better analyze the noise, follow these steps: 1. Push the ACQUIRE button to see the Acquire Menu. 2. Push the Peak Detect option button. 3.
Application Examples Separating the Signal from Noise Now you want to analyze the signal shape and ignore the noise. To reduce random noise in the oscilloscope display, follow these steps: 1. Push the ACQUIRE button to see the Acquire Menu. 2. Push the Average option button. 3. Push the Averages option button to see the effects of varying the number of running averages on the waveform display. Averaging reduces random noise and makes it easier to see detail in a signal.
Application Examples Capturing a Single-Shot Signal The reliability of a reed relay in a piece of equipment has been poor and you need to investigate the problem. You suspect that the relay contacts arc when the relay opens. The fastest you can open and close the relay is about once per minute so you need to capture the voltage across the relay as a single-shot acquisition. To set up for a single-shot acquisition, follow these steps: 1.
Application Examples Optimizing the Acquisition The initial acquisition shows the relay contact beginning to open at the trigger point. This is followed by a large spike that indicates contact bounce and inductance in the circuit. The inductance can cause contact arcing and premature relay failure. You can use the vertical, horizontal, and trigger controls to optimize the settings before the next single-shot event is captured.
Application Examples Measuring Propagation Delay You suspect that the memory timing in a microprocessor circuit is marginal. Set up the oscilloscope to measure the propagation delay between the chip-select signal and the data output of the memory device.
Application Examples To set up to measure propagation delay, follow these steps: 1. If the channels are not displayed, push the CH 1 MENU and then CH 2 MENU buttons. 2. Push the AUTOSET button to trigger a stable display. 3. Adjust the horizontal and vertical controls to optimize the display. 4. Push the CURSOR button to see the Cursor Menu. 5. Push the Type option button and select Time. 6. Push the Source option button and select CH1. 7.
Application Examples Triggering on a Specific Pulse Width You are testing the pulse widths of a signal in a circuit. It is critical that the pulses all be a specific width and you need to verify that they are. Edge triggering shows that your signal is as specified, and the pulse width measurement does not vary from the specification. However, you think there might be a problem. To set up a test for pulse width aberrations, follow these steps: 1. Display the suspect signal on Ch 1.
Application Examples 6. Push the Source option button to select CH1. 7. Turn the TRIGGER LEVEL knob to set the trigger level near the bottom of the signal. 8. Push the When option button to select = (equal). 9. Push the Set Pulse Width option button, and turn the USER SELECT knob to set the pulse width to the value reported by the Pulse Width measurement in step 3. 10. Push - more-- page 1 of 2 and set the Mode option to Normal.
Application Examples Triggering on a Video Signal You are testing the video circuit in a piece of medical equipment and need to display the video output signal. The video output is an NTSC standard signal. Use the video trigger to obtain a stable display.
Application Examples NOTE. Most video systems use 75 ohm cabling. The oscilloscope inputs do not properly terminate low impedance cabling. To avoid amplitude inaccuracy from improper loading and reflections, place a 75 ohm feedthrough terminator (Tektronix part number 011-- 0055-- 02 or equivalent) between the 75 ohm coaxial cable from the signal source and the oscilloscope BNC input. Triggering on Video Fields Automatic. To trigger on the video fields, follow these steps: 1. Push the AUTOSET button.
Application Examples Triggering on Video Lines Automatic. You can also look at the video lines in the field. To trigger on the video lines, follow these steps: 1. Push the AUTOSET button. 2. Push the top option button to select Line to sync on all lines. (The AUTOSET Menu includes All Lines and Line Number options.) Manual. An alternative method requires more steps, but may be necessary depending on the video signal. To use the method, follow these steps: 1.
Application Examples Incoming video signal 75 Ω terminator CH 1 TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual 65
Application Examples Using the Window Function to See Waveform Details You can use the window function to examine a specific portion of a waveform without changing the main display. If you want to view the color burst in the previous waveform in more detail without changing the main display, follow these steps: 1. Push the HORIZ MENU button to see the Horizontal Menu and select the Main option. 2. Push the Window Zone option button. 3. Turn the SEC/DIV knob and select 500 ns.
Application Examples 5. Push the Window option button to see the expanded portion of the waveform. 6. Turn the SEC/DIV knob to optimize viewing the expanded waveform. To switch between the Main and Window views, push the Main or Window option button in the Horizontal Menu.
Application Examples Analyzing a Differential Communication Signal You are having intermittent problems with a serial data communication link, and you suspect poor signal quality. Set up the oscilloscope to show you a snapshot of the serial data stream so you can verify the signal levels and transition times. Because this is a differential signal, you use the math function of the oscilloscope to view a better representation of the waveform.
Application Examples NOTE. Be sure to first compensate both probes. Differences in probe compensation appear as errors in the differential signal. To activate the differential signals connected to channel 1 and channel 2, follow these steps: 1. Push the CH 1 MENU button and set the Probe option attenuation to 10X. 2. Push the CH 2 MENU button and set the Probe option attenuation to 10X. 3. Set the switches to 10X on the P2200 probes. 4. Push the AUTOSET button. 5.
Application Examples For a more stable display, push the SINGLE SEQ button to control the acquisition of the waveform. Each time you push the SINGLE SEQ button, the oscilloscope acquires a snapshot of the digital data stream. You can use the cursors or automatic measurements to analyze the waveform, or you can store the waveform to analyze later. NOTE. Vertical sensitivity should match on waveforms used for math operations.
Application Examples Circuit CH 1 CH 2 In TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual Out 71
Application Examples To view the input and output of the circuit in an XY display, follow these steps: 1. Push the CH 1 MENU button and set the Probe option attenuation to 10X. 2. Push the CH 2 MENU button and set the Probe option attenuation to 10X. 3. Set the switches to 10X on the P2200 probes. 4. Connect the channel 1 probe to the input of the network, and connect the channel 2 probe to the output. 5. Push the AUTOSET button. 6.
Reference This chapter describes the menus and operating details associated with each front-panel menu button or control.
Reference Acquire Push the ACQUIRE button to set acquisition parameters.
Reference Sample. Use Sample acquisition mode to acquire 2500 points and display them at the SEC/DIV setting. Sample mode is the default mode. Sample acquisition intervals (2500) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sample points Sample mode acquires a single sample point in each interval. The maximum sample rate is 1 GS/s for oscilloscope models with a bandwidth of 60 MHz or 100 MHz and 2 GS/s for the 200 MHz models. At 100 ns and faster settings, this sample rate does not acquire 2500 points.
Reference Peak Detect. Use Peak Detect acquisition mode to detect glitches as narrow as 10 ns and to limit the possibility of aliasing. This mode is effective when at the SEC/DIV setting of 5 s/div or slower. Peak Detect acquisition intervals (1250) 1 2 3 4 5 Sample points displayed Peak Detect mode displays the highest and lowest acquired voltage in each interval. NOTE. If you set the SEC/DIV setting to 2.
Reference When there is enough waveform noise, a typical peak detect display shows large black areas. The TDS1000- and TDS2000-series oscilloscopes display this area with diagonal lines to improve display performance. Typical peak detect display TDS1000/TDS2000 peak detect display Average. Use Average acquisition mode to reduce random or uncorrelated noise in the signal you want to display. Data is acquired in sample mode, then a number of waveforms are averaged together.
Reference Acquisition mode SINGLE SEQ button Sample, Peak Detect Sequence is complete when one acquisition is acquired Average Sequence is complete when the defined number of acquisitions is reached (refer to page 74) Scan Mode Display. You can use the Horizontal Scan acquisition mode (also called Roll mode) to continuously monitor signals that change slowly. The oscilloscope displays waveform updates from the left to the right of the screen and erases old points as it displays new points.
Reference Autoset When you push the AUTOSET button, the oscilloscope identifies the type of waveform and adjusts controls to produce a usable display of the input signal.
Reference The Autoset function examines all channels for signals and displays corresponding waveforms.
Reference Sine Wave When you use the Autoset function and the oscilloscope determines that the signal is similar to a sine wave, the oscilloscope displays the following options: Sine wave options Multi-cycle sine Details Displays several cycles with appropriate vertical and horizontal scaling; the oscilloscope displays Cycle RMS, Frequency, Period, and Peak-to-Peak automatic measurements Sets the horizontal scale to display about one cycle of the waveform; the oscilloscope displays Mean, and Peak-toSing
Reference Square Wave or Pulse When you use the Autoset function and the oscilloscope determines that the signal is similar to a square wave or pulse, the oscilloscope displays the following options: Square wave or pulse options Details Multi-cycle square Displays several cycles with appropriate vertical and horizontal scaling; the oscilloscope displays Pk-Pk, Mean, Period, and Frequency automatic measurements Single-cycle square Sets the horizontal scale to display about one cycle of the waveform; th
Reference Video Signal When you use the Autoset function and the oscilloscope determines that the signal is a video signal, the oscilloscope displays the following options: Video signal options Details Displays several fields and the oscilloscope triggers on any field All Fields Displays one complete line with parts of the previous and next line; the oscilloscope triggers on any line All Lines Line Number Displays one complete line with parts of the previous and next line; turn the USER SELECT knob to
Reference Cursors Push the CURSOR button to display the measurement cursors and Cursor Menu. Options Settings Comments Type* Voltage Time Off Select and display the measurement cursors; Voltage measures amplitude and Time measures time and frequency Source CH1 CH2 CH3** CH4** MATH REFA REFB REFC** REFD** Choose the waveform on which to take the cursor measurements The readouts display this measurement.
Reference NOTE. The oscilloscope must display a waveform for the cursors and cursor readouts to appear. Key Points Cursor Movement. Use the CURSOR 1 and CURSOR 2 knobs to move cursors 1 and 2. You can move the cursors only while the Cursor Menu is displayed. Voltage cursors Time cursors U in Level and Delta Readouts. Vertical sensitivity should match on waveforms used for math operations.
Reference Display Push the DISPLAY button to choose how waveforms are presented and to change the appearance of the entire display.
Reference Depending on the type, waveforms will be displayed in three different styles: solid, dimmed, and broken. 1 2 3 1. A solid waveform indicates a channel (live) waveform display. The waveform remains solid when the acquisition is stopped if no controls are changed that make the display accuracy uncertain. Changing the vertical and horizontal controls is allowed on stopped acquisitions.
Reference 2. For the TDS1000-series (monochrome monitor), a dimmed waveform indicates reference waveforms or waveforms with persistence applied. For the TDS2000-series (color monitor), reference waveforms appear white and waveforms with persistence applied appear in the same color as the Main waveform, but with less intensity. 3. A broken line indicates the waveform display no longer matches the controls.
Reference NOTE. The oscilloscope can capture a waveform in normal YT mode at any sampling rate. You can view the same waveform in XY mode. To do so, stop the acquisition and change the display format to XY. The controls operate as follows: H The channel 1 VOLTS/DIV and VERTICAL POSITION controls set the horizontal scale and position. H The channel 2 VOLTS/DIV and VERTICAL POSITION controls continue to set vertical scale and position.
Reference Horizontal You can use the horizontal controls to change the horizontal scale and position of waveforms. The horizontal position readout shows the time represented by the center of the screen, using the time of the trigger as zero. Changing the horizontal scale causes the waveform to expand or contract around the screen center.
Reference NOTE. You can push the horizontal option buttons to switch between an entire waveform display and an enlarged, more detailed part of it. The axis for vertical scale is the ground level. A readout near the top right of the screen displays the current horizontal position in seconds. An M indicates the Main time base and a W indicates the Window time base. The oscilloscope also indicates horizontal position with an arrow icon at the top of the graticule. Knobs and Buttons HORIZONTAL POSITION Knob.
Reference Scan Mode Display (Roll Mode). When the SEC/DIV control is set to 100 ms/div or slower and the trigger mode is set to Auto, the oscilloscope enters the scan acquisition mode. In this mode, the waveform display updates from left to right. There is no trigger or horizontal position control of waveforms during scan mode. Window Zone. Use the Window Zone option to define a segment of a waveform to see more detail. The Window time base setting cannot be set slower than the Main time base setting.
Reference Math Push the MATH MENU button to display the waveform math operations. Push the MATH MENU button again to remove the math waveform display. Refer to page 112 for vertical system descriptions.
Reference Measure Push the MEASURE button to access automatic measurements. There are eleven types of measurements available. You can display up to five at a time. Push the top option button to display the Measure 1 Menu. You can choose the channel on which to take a measurement in the Source option. You can choose the type of measurement to take in the Type option. Push the Back option button to return to the MEASURE Menu and display the selected measurements. Key Points Taking Measurements.
Reference Measurement type Definition Mean Calculates the arithmetic mean voltage over the entire record Pk-Pk Calculates the absolute difference between the maximum and minimum peaks of the entire waveform Cyc RMS Calculates a true RMS measurement of the first complete cycle of the waveform Min Examines the entire 2500 point waveform record and displays the minimum value Max Examines the entire 2500 point waveform record and displays the maximum value Rise Time Measures the time between 10% a
Reference Print Push the PRINT button to send the screen data to a printer or computer. The print function requires the optional TDS2CMA Communications Extension Module. The module includes Centronics, RS-232, and GPIB ports. Refer to the TDS2CMA Communications Module chapter on page 127 for complete operating information. Refer to Optional Accessories on page 169 for ordering information. Probe Check You can use the Probe Check Wizard to quickly verify that your probe is operating properly.
Reference Save/Recall Push the SAVE/RECALL button to save or recall oscilloscope setups or waveforms.
Reference Waveforms Options Settings Waveforms Comments Highlighting Waveforms displays the menu for storing or recalling waveforms Source CH1 CH2 CH3* CH4* Math Choose the waveform display to store Ref A B C* D* Choose the reference location to store or recall a waveform Save** Ref(x) Stores source waveform to the chosen reference location On Off Displays or removes the reference waveform on the screen * Available only on 4-channel oscilloscopes.
Reference Trigger Controls You can define the trigger through the Trigger Menu and front-panel controls. Trigger Types Three types of triggering are available: Edge, Video, and Pulse Width. A different set of options display for each type of trigger.
Reference Edge Trigger Use Edge triggering to trigger on the edge of the oscilloscope input signal at the trigger threshold.
Reference Trigger Frequency Readout The oscilloscope counts the rate at which trigger events occur to determine trigger frequency and displays the frequency in the lower right corner of the screen. Key Points Mode Options.
Reference Source Options. Source option Details Numbered channels Triggers on a channel whether or not the waveform is displayed Ext Does not display the trigger signal; the Ext option uses the signal connected to the EXT TRIG front-panel BNC and allows a trigger level range of +1.6V to --1.6V Ext/5 Same as Ext option, but attenuates the signal by a factor of five, and allows a trigger level range of +8V to --8V.
Reference Coupling. Coupling allows you to filter the trigger signal used to trigger an acquisition.
Reference Video Trigger Options Settings Video Comments With Video highlighted, triggering occurs on an NTSC, PAL, or SECAM standard video signal Trigger coupling is preset to AC Source CH1 CH2 CH3* CH4* Ext Ext/5 Selects the input source as the trigger signal Polarity Normal Inverted Normal triggers on the negative edge of the sync pulse and Inverted triggers on the positive edge of the sync pulse Sync All Lines Line Number Odd Field Even Field All Fields Select appropriate video sync NTSC PA
Reference Pulse Width Trigger Use Pulse Width triggering to trigger on aberrant pulses. Options Settings Pulse Comments With Pulse highlighted, triggering occurs on pulses that meet the trigger condition defined by the Source, Whe, and Set Pulse Width options Source CH1 CH2 CH3* CH4* Ext Ext/5 Select the input source as the trigger signal When = ≠ < > Select how to compare the trigger pulse relative to the value selected in the Set Pulse Width option Set Pulse Width 33 ns to 10.
Reference Trigger Frequency Readout The oscilloscope counts the rate at which trigger events occur to determine trigger frequency and displays the frequency in the lower right corner of the screen. Key Points Trigger When. The pulse width of the source must be ≥ 5 ns for the oscilloscope to detect the pulse.
Reference Knobs and Buttons LEVEL or USER SELECT Knob. Use to control the Trigger Level, Trigger Holdoff, Video Line Number or Pulse Width. The primary function of this knob is to set the trigger level. When an alternative function is active, the USER SELECT LED lights below the knob.
Reference FORCE TRIG Button. Use the FORCE TRIG button to complete the current waveform acquisition whether or not the oscilloscope detects a trigger. This is useful for SINGLE SEQ acquisitions and Normal trigger mode. (In Auto trigger mode, the oscilloscope automatically forces triggers periodically if it does not detect a trigger.) TRIG VIEW Button. Use the Trigger View mode to have the oscilloscope display the conditioned trigger signal.
Reference Holdoff. You can use the Trigger Holdoff function to produce a stable display of complex waveforms, such as pulse trains. Holdoff is the time between when the oscilloscope detects one trigger and when it is ready to detect another. The oscilloscope will not trigger during the holdoff time. For a pulse train, you can adjust the holdoff time so the oscilloscope triggers only on the first pulse in the train.
Reference Utility Push the UTILITY button to display the Utility Menu. The Utility Menu changes with the addition of a TDS2CMA extension module. Refer to the next section for information on the extension module.
Reference Key Points Self Calibration. The self calibration routine optimizes the oscilloscope accuracy for the ambient temperature. For maximum accuracy, you should perform a self cal if the ambient temperature changes by 5° C or more. Follow the directions on the screen. System Status Selecting System Status from the Utility Menu displays the menus available for obtaining a list of control settings for each group of oscilloscope controls. Push any front-panel menu button to remove the status screen.
Reference Vertical You can use the vertical controls to display waveforms, adjust vertical scale and position, and set input parameters. Refer to page 93 for the vertical math descriptions. Channel Vertical Menus There is a separate vertical menu for each channel. Each option is set individually for each channel.
Reference NOTE. The oscilloscope vertical response rolls off slowly above its bandwidth (60 MHz, 100 MHz, or 200 MHz, depending on the model, or 20 MHz when the Bandwidth Limit option is set to On). Therefore, the FFT spectrum can show valid frequency information higher than the oscilloscope bandwidth. However, the magnitude information near or above the bandwidth will not be accurate. Knobs VERTICAL POSITION Knobs. Use the VERTICAL POSITION knobs to move the channel waveforms up or down on the screen.
Reference U in Level and Delta Readouts. Vertical sensitivity should match on waveforms used for math operations. If they do not match, and you use cursors to measure the waveform result of a math operation, a U displays that represents unknown units or scaling. Remove Waveform. To remove a waveform from the display, push the menu button for the channel to display its vertical menu. Push the menu button again to remove the waveform. NOTE.
Math FFT This chapter contains detailed information on how to use the Math FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). You can use the FFT Math mode to convert a time-domain (YT) signal into its frequency components (spectrum).
Math FFT Setting Up the Time-Domain Waveform Before you use FFT mode, you need to set up the time-domain (YT) waveform. To do so, follow these steps: 1. Push AUTOSET to display a YT waveform. 2. Turn the VERTICAL POSITION knob to move the YT waveform to the center vertically (zero divisions). This ensures that the FFT will show a true DC value. 3. Turn the HORIZONTAL POSITION knob to position the part of the YT waveform that you want to analyze in the center eight divisions of the screen.
Math FFT To set up the FFT display, follow these steps: 1. Push the MATH MENU button. 2. Set the Operation option to FFT. 3. Select the Math FFT Source channel. In many cases, the oscilloscope can produce a useful FFT spectrum even if the YT waveform is not triggered. This is especially true if your signal is periodic or random (noisy). NOTE. Transient or burst waveforms should be triggered and positioned as close as possible to center screen.
Math FFT Normally, the display compresses the FFT spectrum horizontally into 250 points, but you can use the FFT Zoom function to expand the FFT spectrum to more clearly see the frequency components at each of the 1024 data points in the FFT spectrum. NOTE. The oscilloscope vertical response rolls off slowly above its bandwidth (60 MHz, 100 MHz, or 200 MHz, depending on the model, or 20 MHz when the Bandwidth Limit option is set to ON).
Math FFT Math FFT option Settings Comments Source CH1 CH2 CH3* CH4* Selects the channel used as the FFT source Window Hanning Flattop Rectangular Selects the FFT window type; for details, refer to page 120 FFT Zoom X1 X2 X5 X10 Changes the horizontal magnification of the FFT display; for details, refer to page 124 * Available only on 4-channel oscilloscopes. 1 Trig’d Pos:250.0 kHZ Fundamental frequency component MATH FFT CH1 M Frequency component CH 1 10dB 2 50.0 kHz (1.
Math FFT Selecting an FFT Window Windows reduce spectral leakage in the FFT spectrum. The FFT assumes that the YT waveform repeats forever. With an integral number of cycles (1, 2, 3, ...), the YT waveform starts and ends at the same amplitude and there are no discontinuities in the signal shape. A non-integral number of cycles in the YT waveform causes the signal start and end points to be at different amplitudes.
Math FFT Applying a window to the YT waveform changes the waveform so that the start and stop values are close to each other, reducing the discontinuities.
Math FFT The Math FFT function includes three FFT Window options. There is a trade-off between frequency resolution and amplitude accuracy with each type of window. What you want to measure and your source signal characteristics help you to determine which window to use.
Math FFT Amplitude Nyquist frequency (one-half sample rate) Frequency Aliased frequencies Actual frequencies Eliminating Aliases To eliminate aliases, try the following remedies: H Turn the SEC/DIV knob to set the sample rate to a faster setting. Since you increase the Nyquist frequency as you increase the sample rate, the aliased frequency components should appear at their proper frequency.
Math FFT H If you do not need to view frequencies components above 20 MHz, set the Bandwidth Limit option to On. H Put an external filter on the source signal to bandwidth limit the source waveform to frequencies below that of the Nyquist frequency. H Recognize and ignore the aliased frequencies. H Use zoom controls and the cursors to magnify and measure the FFT spectrum Magnifying and Positioning an FFT Spectrum You can magnify and use cursors to take measurements on the FFT spectrum.
Math FFT When you change the zoom factor, the FFT spectrum is magnified about the center graticule line. In other words, the axis of horizontal magnification is the center graticule line. Turn the HORIZONTAL POSITION knob clockwise to move the FFT spectrum to the right. Push the SET TO ZERO button to position the center of the spectrum at the center of the graticule.
Math FFT Measuring an FFT Spectrum Using Cursors You can take two measurements on FFT spectrums: magnitude (in dB) and frequency (in Hz). Magnitude is referenced to 0 dB, where 0 dB equals 1 VRMS. You can use the cursors to take measurements at any zoom factor. Push CURSOR " Source and select Math. Push the Type option button to select between Magnitude and Frequency. Use the Vertical Position knobs to move cursors 1 and 2.
TDS2CMA Communications Module This chapter describes how to use the TDS2CMA Communications Extension Module (optional) with a TDS1000- or TDS2000-series oscilloscope.The TDS2CMA module adds Centronics, RS-232 and GPIB communication ports to the oscilloscope. For ordering information, refer to page 169.
TDS2CMA Communications Module CAUTION. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage components in the module and the oscilloscope. To prevent ESD, follow the next list of precautions when installing, removing, or handling an module. After removing a module, install the dummy module cover to protect the contact pins. H Always power down the oscilloscope before removing or installing the module. H Handle the module as little as possible. H Transport and store the module in a static-protected bag or container.
TDS2CMA Communications Module Removing an Extension Module To remove an extension module, refer to the next illustration and follow the previous precautions. Module release tab Remove extension module Install extension module Installing an Extension Module Make sure that you align the module tabs to the oscilloscope connector pins and press down firmly to seat the module.
TDS2CMA Communications Module Checking Module Installation To check that the module is correctly installed, power on the oscilloscope. The power-on screen should list the TDS2CMA module and include the message “Power-up Tests Passed.” If the oscilloscope does not recognize the module at power on, follow the steps in Troubleshooting Module Installation. Troubleshooting Module Installation If the oscilloscope does not recognize the module at power on, follow these steps: 1. Power off the oscilloscope. 2.
TDS2CMA Communications Module Sending Screen Data to an External Device The TDS2CMA module lets you send screen data to an external device, such as a controller, printer, or computer. RS-232 connector Centronics connector GPIB connector Printer Setup To setup the module, do the following: 1. Power on the oscilloscope. 2. Push UTILITY " Options " Printer Setup. 3. Push the option buttons to change the settings to match those of your printer. The next table lists the settings you can change. NOTE.
TDS2CMA Communications Module Option Settings Comments Layout Portrait, Landscape Printer output orientation Format Thinkjet, Deskjet, Laser Jet, Bubble Jet, Epson, BMP, PCX, TIFF, RLE, EPSIMAGE, DPU411, DPU412, DPU3445 Type of device connected to the communications port Port Centronics, RS-232, GPIB Communications port used to connect the oscilloscope to a printer or computer Ink Saver* On, Off On prints the screen data on a white background Abort Printing * Stops sending screen data to th
TDS2CMA Communications Module Testing the Printer Port To test the printer port, follow these steps: 1. If you have already connected the oscilloscope to a printer, go to step 4. 2. Power off the oscilloscope and the printer. 3. Connect the oscilloscope to the printer using the appropriate cable. 4. Power on the oscilloscope and the printer. 5. If you have not done so already, define an appropriate printer setup. Refer to page 131. 6. Push the PRINT button.
TDS2CMA Communications Module Setting Up and Testing the RS-232 Interface You may need to set up and test the module RS-232 interface. RS-232 is an 8-bit serial communications standard that lets the oscilloscope communicate with an external RS-232 device such as a computer, terminal, or printer. The standard defines two device types: Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Communications Equipment (DCE). The oscilloscope is a DTE device. RS-232 Conventions on page 141 describes RS-232 conventions.
TDS2CMA Communications Module Connecting an External Device When you connect the module to an external RS-232 device, follow these guidelines: H Use the correct cable (refer to the table on page 134). H Use a cable that is no longer than 50 feet. H Power off the oscilloscope and the external device before you connect the cable between them. H Connect the oscilloscope only to a DCE device. H Check that the oscilloscope signal ground (pin 5) is connected to the external device signal ground.
TDS2CMA Communications Module RS-232 Settings To set up the oscilloscope RS-232 interface, follow these steps: 1. Push UTILITY " Options " RS-232. 2. Push the option buttons to match the settings of your external device. The next table lists the settings you can change. NOTE. The oscilloscope stores these settings until you change them, even if you push the DEFAULT SETUP button.
TDS2CMA Communications Module Testing the RS-232 Interface To test the oscilloscope RS-232 interface, follow these steps: 1. Connect the oscilloscope to a personal computer (PC) using an appropriate RS-232 cable (refer to the table on page 134). 2. Power on the PC. 3. On the PC, run a terminal-emulator program such as Microsoft Windows Hyperterminal. Make sure the PC serial port is set as follows: Function Setting Baud rate 9600 Data flow control hardflagging Parity None 4.
TDS2CMA Communications Module PROBE COMP CH 1 6. On the oscilloscope, push UTILITY " Options " RS-232. 7. Check that the menu settings match those listed in the table on page 137. 8. From your PC terminal program, type ID?, then press the Return or Enter key to send the command. The oscilloscope sends back its identification string, which should look similar to the following: ID TEK/TDS 1002,CF:91.1CT,FV:V1.09 TDS2CMA:CMV:V1.
TDS2CMA Communications Module NOTE. For brief information on command entry, refer to page 150. For complete command information, refer to the programmer manual that came with your extension module. 10. Send the command AUTOSet EXECute to have the oscilloscope automatically acquire the input signal. 11. Send the command MEASUrement:IMMed:SOURCE CH1 to select measurements on channel 1. 12. Send the command MEASUrement:IMMed:TYPe PK2 to set up the voltage measurement. 13.
TDS2CMA Communications Module 2. Check that you are using the correct RS-232 cable. Determine whether your external device requires a null-modem or a straight-through connection. Refer to the table on page 134 for information about RS-232 cables. 3. Check that the RS-232 cable is firmly connected to both the oscilloscope and the correct port on the external device. 4. Check that the printer or the program on the personal computer is using the same port to which you connected the RS-232 cable.
TDS2CMA Communications Module 7. If you receive only part of the printer file, try these remedies: a. Lengthen the timeout for the external device b. Make sure the printer is set to receive a binary file, not a text file. RS-232 Conventions There are processing conventions that are specific to the RS-232 interface, such as transferring binary data, processing break signals, reporting RS-232 I/O errors, and checking command status.
TDS2CMA Communications Module Checking Command Status If you want to check the status of each command sent, you can append an *STB? query after every command and read the response string. Processing Break Signals When the oscilloscope senses a break signal on the RS-232 port, it returns DCL followed by the end of line terminator.
TDS2CMA Communications Module 1 2 3 4 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5 8 9 No connection Receive data (RxD) Transmit data (TxD) Data terminal ready (DTR) Signal ground (GND) Data set ready (DSR) Request to send (RTS) Clear to send (CTS) No connection (input) (output) (output) (input) (output) (input) Setting Up and Testing the GPIB Interface You may need to set up and test the module GPIB interface.
TDS2CMA Communications Module H Connect the oscilloscope to the GPIB network. Use an appropriate GPIB cable. You can stack cable connectors. The next table lists cables that you can order to connect the oscilloscope to the GPIB network. Cable type Tektronix part number GPIB, 6.6 feet (2 meters) 012-0991-00 GPIB, 3.3 feet (1 meter) 012-0991-01 H Assign a unique device address to the oscilloscope. No two devices can share the same device address.
TDS2CMA Communications Module 2. On the oscilloscope, push UTILITY " Options " GPIB Setup. 3. Push the Address option button to assign a unique address to the oscilloscope. 4. Push the Bus Connection option button to have the oscilloscope start or stop using the GPIB bus. Option Settings Comments Address 0... 30 Sets oscilloscope GPIB bus address Bus Connection Talk-Listen, Off-Bus Select Talk-Listen to start oscilloscope GPIB bus communications.
TDS2CMA Communications Module The following procedure verifies communication with the oscilloscope by acquiring a signal and returning a voltage measurement. This procedure assumes that the oscilloscope is connected to the GPIB network, the oscilloscope has been assigned a unique bus address, and that the controller software is running. To test the GPIB interface, follow these steps: 1. Connect the oscilloscope probe to the channel 1 input connector.
TDS2CMA Communications Module 2. In the controller software, send the ID? command to the oscilloscope. The oscilloscope should send back its identification string which looks similar to the following: ID TEK/TDS 1002,CF:91.1CT,FV:V1.09 TDS2CMA:CMV:V1.04 3. Send the command FACtory to reset the oscilloscope to factory settings (defaults). NOTE. For brief information on command entry, refer to page 150. For complete command information, refer to the programmer manual that came with your extension module. 4.
TDS2CMA Communications Module GPIB Network Conventions To achieve a high data transfer rate, the physical distance between devices and the number of devices on the bus are limited. When you create the GPIB network, follow these guidelines: H Connect the GPIB devices in a star, linear, or combination star/linear network. CAUTION. Do not use loop or parallel networks.
TDS2CMA Communications Module H A maximum separation of 13.2 feet (4 meters) between any two devices and an average separation of 6.6 feet (2 meters) over the entire bus. H A maximum total cable length of 66 feet (20 meters). H No more than 15 device loads connected to each bus, with at least two-thirds powered on. H Assign a unique device address to each device on the network. No two devices can share the same device address.
TDS2CMA Communications Module Command Entry When you enter oscilloscope commands over the RS-232 or GPIB bus, follow these general rules: H You can enter commands in upper or lower case. H You can abbreviate many oscilloscope commands. These abbreviations are shown in uppercase letters. For example, the command ACQuire:NUMAVg can be entered simply as ACQ:NUMAV or acq:numav. H You can precede any command with white space characters.
Appendix A: Specifications All specifications apply to the TDS1000- and TDS2000-series oscilloscopes. P2200 probe specifications appear at the end of this chapter. To verify that the oscilloscope meets specifications, the oscilloscope must first meet the following conditions: H The oscilloscope must have been operating continuously for twenty minutes within the specified operating temperature.
Appendix A: Specifications Oscilloscope Specifications (Cont.
Appendix A: Specifications Oscilloscope Specifications (Cont.
Appendix A: Specifications Oscilloscope Specifications (Cont.
Appendix A: Specifications Oscilloscope Specifications (Cont.) Vertical DC Gain Accuracyy ±3% for Sample or Average acquisition mode, 5 V/div to 10 mV/div ±4% for Sample or Average acquisition mode, 5 mV/div and 2 mV/div DC Measurement A Accuracy, A Average Acquisition Mode Volts Measurement Repeatability, Average Acquisition Mode Measurement Type Accuracy Average of ≥ 16 waveforms with vertical position at zero ±(3% × reading + 0.
Appendix A: Specifications Oscilloscope Specifications (Cont.) Horizontal Sample Rate Range TDS1002, TDS1012, TDS2002, TDS2012 and TDS2014 TDS2022 and TDS2024 5 S/s to 1 GS/s 5 S/s to 2 GS/s Waveform Interpolation (sin x)/x Record Length 2500 samples for each channel SEC/DIV Range TDS1002, TDS1012, TDS2002, TDS2012 and TDS2014 TDS2022 and TDS2024 5 ns/div to 50 s/div, in a 1, 2.5, 5 sequence 2.5 ns/div to 50 s/div, in a 1, 2.
Appendix A: Specifications Oscilloscope Specifications (Cont.) Trigger Trigger gg Sensitivity, y, Ed Trigger Edge Ti Type T Trigger gg Sensitivity, y, Ed Trigger Edge Ti Type, T typical Trigger gg Level Range g Coupling Sensitivity DC CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4 1 div from DC to 10 MHz*, 1.5 div from 10 MHz* to Full EXT 200 mV from DC to 100 MHz*, 350 mV from 100 MHz to 200 MHz* EXT/5 1 V from DC to 100 MHz*, 1.
Appendix A: Specifications Oscilloscope Specifications (Cont.) Trigger Trigger gg Level Accuracy, y, Accuracies are for signals having rise and fall times ≥ 20 ns typical i l Source Accuracy Internal ±0.
Appendix A: Specifications Oscilloscope Specifications (Cont.) Pulse Width Trigger Pulse Width Trigger modes Trigger when < (Less than), > (Greater than), = (Equal), or ≠ (Not Equal); Positive pulse or Negative pulse Pulse Width Trigger Point Equal: The oscilloscope triggers when the trailing edge of the pulse crosses the trigger level. Not Equal: If the pulse is narrower than the specified width, the trigger point is the trailing edge.
Appendix A: Specifications Oscilloscope Specifications (Cont.
Appendix A: Specifications Oscilloscope Specifications (Cont.) Measurements Cursors Voltage difference between cursors (∆V) Time difference between cursors (∆T) Reciprocal of ∆T in Hertz (1/∆T) Automatic Measurements Frequency, Period, Mean, Pk-Pk, Cycle RMS, Min, Max, Rise Time, Fall Time, Pos Width, Neg Width Oscilloscope General Specifications Display Display Type 5.7 in.
Appendix A: Specifications Oscilloscope General Specifications (Cont.) Environmental Temperature Operating 32° F - 122° F (0° C to +50° C) Nonoperating --40° F - 159.8° F (--40° C to +71° C) Cooling Method Convection Humidity +104° F or below (+40° C or below) ≤ 90% relative humidity 106° F - 122° F (+41° C to +50° C) ≤ 60% relative humidity Altitude Operating and Nonoperating 3,000 m (10,000 ft) Random Vibration Operating 0.
Appendix A: Specifications Oscilloscope EMC Certifications and Compliances European Meets the intent of Directive 89/336/EEC for Electromagnetic Compatibility.
Appendix A: Specifications Oscilloscope EMC Certifications and Compliances (Cont.) Australia/New Zealand Meets the intent of Australian EMC Framework as demonstrated to the following specification: AS/NZS 2064.1/2 U.S.A. Emissions comply with FCC Code of Federal Regulations 47, Part 15, Subpart B, Class A Limits Oscilloscope Safety Certifications and Compliances Certifications CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 1010.
Appendix A: Specifications P2200 Probe Specifications Electrical characteristics 10X position 1X position Bandwidth DC to 200 MHz DC to 6 MHz Attenuation ratio 10:1 ± 2% 1:1 ± 2% Compensation Range 18 pf-35 pf Compensation is fixed; correct for all oscilloscopes with 1 M Ω input Input Resistance 10 M Ω ± 3% at DC 1 M Ω ± 3% at DC Input Capacitance 14.5 pf-17.5 pf 80 pf-110 pf Rise time, typical < 2.2 ns < 50.
Appendix A: Specifications P2200 Probe Specifications (Cont.
Appendix A: Specifications P2200 Probe Specifications (Cont.) Environmental characteristics Temperature Operating 32° F - 122° F (0° C to +50° C) Nonoperating --40° F - 159.
Appendix A: Specifications 168 TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Appendix B: Accessories All accessories (standard and optional) are available by contacting your local Tektronix field office. Standard Accessories P2200 1X, 10X Passive Probes. The P2200 passive probes have a 6 MHz bandwidth with a rating of 150 V CAT II when the switch is in the 1X position, and a 200 MHz bandwidth with a rating of 300 V CAT II when the switch is in the 10X position. A probe instructions manual is included. TDS1000- and TDS2000-Series Oscilloscope User Manual.
Appendix B: Accessories Optional Accessories (Cont.) TDS200-, TDS1000- and TDS2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope Programmer Manual. The programmer manual (071-1075-XX English) provides command and syntax information. TDS1000- and TDS2000-Series Digital Storage Oscilloscope Service Manual. The service manual (071-1076-XX, English) provides module-level repair information. TDS1000- and TDS2000-Series Digital Storage Oscilloscope User Manuals.
Appendix B: Accessories Optional Accessories (Cont.) International Power Cords. In addition to the power cord shipped with your instrument, you can obtain the following cords: Option A0, North American Option A1, European Option A2, United Kingdom Option A3, Australian Option A5, Switzerland Option AC, China 120 V, 60 Hz 230 V, 50 Hz 230 V, 50 Hz 240 V, 50 Hz 230 V, 50 Hz 220 V, 50 Hz 161-0066-00 161-0066-09 161-0066-10 161-0066-11 161-0154-00 161-0304-00 Soft Case.
Appendix B: Accessories 172 TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Appendix C: General Care and Cleaning General Care Do not store or leave the instrument where the LCD display will be exposed to direct sunlight for long periods of time. CAUTION. To avoid damage to the instrument or probes, do not expose them to sprays, liquids, or solvents. Cleaning Inspect the instrument and probes as often as operating conditions require. To clean the exterior surface, perform the following steps: 1. Remove loose dust on the outside of the instrument and probes with a lint-free cloth.
Appendix C: General Care and Cleaning 174 TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Appendix D: Default Setup This appendix describes the options, buttons and controls that change settings when you push the DEFAULT SETUP button. For a list of settings that do not change, refer to page 178. NOTE. When you push the DEFAULT SETUP button, the oscilloscope displays the CH1 waveform and removes all other waveforms.
Appendix D: Default Setup Default setup (Cont.) Menu or control Option Default setting MATH Operation CH1 -- CH2 FFT operation: Source CH1 Window Hanning FFT Zoom X1 Source CH1 Type None Type Edge Source CH1 Slope Rising Mode Auto Coupling DC LEVEL 0.
Appendix D: Default Setup Default setup (Cont.) Menu or control Option Default setting TRIGGER (Pulse) Type Pulse Source CH1 When = Set Pulse Width 1.00 ms Polarity Positive Mode Auto Coupling DC Coupling DC BW Limit Off Volts/Div Coarse Probe 10X Invert Off POSITION 0.00 divs (0.00 V) VOLTS/DIV 1.
Appendix D: Default Setup The DEFAULT SETUP button does not reset the following settings: H Language option H Saved setup files H Saved reference waveform files H Display contrast H Calibration data H Printer setup H RS232 setup H GPIB setup 178 TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Appendix E: GPIB and RS-232 Interfaces The next table provides an in-depth comparison of the GPIB and RS-232 interfaces. You should select the interface that best meets your requirements. GPIB and RS-232 interface comparison Operating attribute GPIB RS-232 Cable IEEE-488 Std.
Appendix E: GPIB and RS-232 Interfaces GPIB and RS-232 interface comparison (Cont.
Index ? in Value readout, 44 A Abbreviating, commands, 150 AC coupling, 112 Accessories, 169–172 Acquire, menu, 74 ACQUIRE button, 38, 74 Acquire signals, basic concepts, 17 Acquisition live display, 78 modes, 74 single-- shot example, 56 stopping, 78 Acquisition mode, indicators, 28 Acquisition modes, 17 Average, 17 Peak Detect, 17 Sample, 17 Address, Tektronix, xiii Aliasing check for, 21 FFT, 122 time domain, 20 Application examples, 41 analyzing a differential communication signal, 68 analyzing signal
Index B Bandwidth, limit, 112 Bandwidth limited, readout, 30 Bezel button, xi Binary data, RS-- 232 transfer, 141 Break signals, RS-- 232 protocol, 142 Burst waveforms, 117 C Calibration, 110 automatic routine, 10 Centronics port, 131 CH 1 connector, 39 MENU button, 34 CH 2 connector, 39 MENU button, 34 CH 3 connector, 39 MENU button, 34 CH 4 connector, 39 MENU button, 34 Channel, scale, 30 Cleaning, 173 Coarse resolution, 112 Command, abbreviating, 150 Communications module.
Index type, 86 DISPLAY button, 38, 86 Display style of waveforms, 87 Do Self Cal option, 10 Dots, 86 Dual time base, 36, 90 E Edge trigger, 100 Error Log, 110 EXT TRIG connector, 39 Extension module.
Index HOLDOFF control, 36 access, push HORIZ MENU button, 109 HORIZ MENU button, 36 Horizontal aliasing, time domain, 20 how to make large adjustment, 35 menu, 90 position, 19 position marker, 29 scale, 19 status, 111 Hyperlinks in help topics, x I I/O errors, RS-- 232 report, 141 Index for help topics, x Intensity, 86 Inverted waveform, readout, 30 L Language, how to change, 1 Languages, 110 Level, 16, 36 LEVEL control, 36 Lissajous pattern, XY format, 88 M Magnitude cursors, FFT spectrum, 126 Main tim
Index O Option button, xi Options Action type, 33 Circular List type, 32 Page Selection type, 32 Radio type, 33 Oscilloscope end-- of-- life handling, xii front panels, 27 specifications, 151–164 understanding functions, 11 P P2200 probe specifications, 165–167 PAL, 104 Peak Detect mode, 17, 74, 76 Persistence, 86, 88 Phone number, Tektronix, xiii Ports, communications, 131 Position horizontal, 90 vertical, 112 POSITION control horizontal, 35 vertical, 34 Positioning waveforms, basic concepts, 18 Power, 4
Index RS-- 232 protocol Break signals, 142 compared to GPIB standard, 179 conventions, 141 I/O errors, 141 setup options, 136 testing, 137 troubleshooting, 139 RUN/STOP button, 38, 77 steps taken by the oscilloscope when pushed, 14 S Sample mode, 17, 74, 75 Sample rate, maximum, 75 Save setups, 12, 97 waveforms, 98 SAVE/RECALL button, 38, 97 Scaling waveforms, basic concepts, 18 Scan mode, 78, 92 Scanning waveform, 92, 101 Screen button, xi Screen data printing, 133 sending to an external device, 131 SEC/
Index Time domain , waveform, 116 Transient waveforms, 117 Transit case, ordering, 171 TRIG MENU button, 37 TRIG VIEW button, 37 Trigger coupling, 15, 100, 103 definition, 13 edge, 100 external, 104 frequency readout, 30, 101, 106 holdoff, 36, 92, 109 level, 16, 36, 99 level marker, 29 level readout, 30 menu, 99 modes, 15 Auto, 101 Normal, 101 polarity, 105 position, 16 position marker, 29 position readout, 29 pretrigger information, 103 slope, 16, 100 source, 14, 30, 100, 105 status, 29, 111 sync, 104 typ
Index scanning, 78 take measurements, 24 time domain, 116 transient, 117 Web site address, Tektronix, xiii Window time base, 36, 90 readout, 30 Window Zone, 90, 92 Windows, FFT spectrum, 120 XY , application example, 72 Y YT, display format, 86 Z Zoom, FFT, 124 X XY, display format, 86, 88 188 TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
