o o o o o o o o o o o I o o o o a o o o o o o o o o o o o o o a o o a o o o o o o o o o Service Manual Tektronix 494A& 494AP SpectrumAnalyzers Volume 1 070-ss60-00 Warning The servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnelonly. To avoid personal injury, do not perform any servicing unlessyou are qualified to do so. Refer to the Safety Summary prior to performing service. Pleasecheck for change information at the rear of this manual.
I Copyright @ Tekrronix, Inc. 1987. All rights reserved. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supercedes that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. Tektronix, Inc., P.O.Box 1000, Wilsonville, OR 97070_1000 TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix. Inc.
o o o o o o o o o o a o I o o O o o o o o o o o o o o O I o o o o o o t o o o o I O a o RELEASEOF COPYRIGHT Tektronixcannotprovidemanualsfor measurementproductsthat are no longereligiblefor longterm support.
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I o o I o I t I o o I I O o I t o I I o o o o o o o t o I o o o o o I o O t I O o O t o WARRANTY Tektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship fbr a period of one (l) year from the date of shipment. If any such product proves defective during this warranty feriod, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacementin exchange for the defective product.
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o o 494A/494APServiceVot.1 o t o o I I o a O I a o I I o t I o a o O o I o o o I o o I o o o a o I a o o o o o PREFACE This manual contains servic€ informationfor the TEKTRONfX494A1494Ap.The informationis tocatedin two volumes. Volume1 containsthe text and Volume2 contains the diagrams and parts lists. The Tabte of Contents in each volume lists the contents of both volumes. Manualsthat describeother aspectsof the product are: . Operator's Manual .
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o o o t o o o o o o o a I o I a a o I o o o o o o o o o t o a o I o o t o I a o o a o o 494A/494APServiceVot. 1 TABLEOF CONTENTS The 494A/494APservice Manuatis divided into two volumes. VOLUME1 Page PREFACE ........................ i TABLEOF CONTENTS .............. .......... iii LISTOF ILLUSTRATTONS ........... ........x LISTOF TABLES ............. xiii SERVICING SAFETYSUMMARY .........xv Section1 GENERALINFoRMATION productDescription ........... 1_1 Conformanceto IndustryStandards ............
o o o 49441494AP ServtceVot. i I TABLEOF CONTENTS (Gonr.) page Section 4 PERFORMANCE CHECK(Conr.) 24.CheckLO Emission .....4-29 point.......4-29 25.Check1 dB Compression 26. CheckExternalReference InputPower .... 4-31 27. CheckTriggeringOperation and Sensitivity.............. .....4-31 28. CheckExternal SweepOperation ............... 4-92 29.CheckVERTOUTPUTSignat..........4-34 30. CheckHORTZOUTPUT SignafLevel ....4-94 oPTloN TNSTRUMENTS ....................... 4_34 31. CheckOption07 CalibratorOutput ...
o o o I O I I o o O I a o o a I o I o o t o o o a o o o I o a a t o O o I o o o a o o o 494A/494APService Vot. 1 TABLEOF CONTENTS(Conr.) page Section6 MAINTENANCE (Conr) FirmwareVersionand Enor MessageReadout............... 6-15 SelectedComponents.................. 6-15 ReplacingEPROM or ROMDevices ........6-15 Surface-Mounted Components..... 6_16 ReplacingSurface-Mount€d Components .............. 6_17 Transistorand Integrated CircuitConfigurations ................,.. 6_1 7 DiodeCotorCode....
494A1494AP ServlceVol. 1 TABLEOF CONTENTS(Cont.) Page Section7 THEORYOF OPERATTON (Cont) DETAILED DESCR|PT|ON ................ .....7-4 1STCONVERTER SECTTON ............. 7_4 RF InterfaceQircuits.................... 7-4 'l st Converter................. ..........,,,.. 7-4 RF Input ............... 7-4 Preselector Circuits...........,..... 74 lst Mixer .............. 7_5 1st LocalOscillator.................. 7_5 powerDivider ......7-s Transfer Switch .... 7-s Directional Filter................,......
o o o o o o O a o o o a o I t I o I o o I o o a o o o o o t o a I o o t t o a O o o o a 494A1494AP Service Vot. I TABLEOF CONTENTS(Conr.) Page Section7 THEORYOF OPERATION (Conr) FastRetraceBlanking...,.,...742 Memories ........7-47 DEFLECTION AMPLIFIERS ..........7-47 Horizontal Section...............,... 747 VerticalSection ....249 Z.AXISANDRF INTERFACE .......7-48 RF InterfaceCircuits................ 7_49 Z-AxisCircuits .....7_49 power-FailDetector................. 7-50 powerSupplyMonitor..........
o a o 4944/494APServlce Vot. 1 I TABLE OF CONTENTS(Cont.) Page Page Section7 THEORYOF OPERATTON (Conr) DtctTALCONTROLSECTTON ..........7_88 Microcomputer............................. 7-gg Processor ............. 7-gg Microprocessor ................... 7-88 Cfock......... ......7-92 Microcomputer Bus ........,.... T-92 AddressDecoder................ Z-92 Timer......... ......7-gz PIA and lnstrumentBus ......7-92 DMAController............. ......7 -gz InterruptProcessing...........: 7-93 Memory .........
494A/{94APServiceVot.1 TABLEOF CONTENTS(Cont.) VOLUME2 Sec|ion9 Section10 REPLACEABLE ELECTRICAL PARTS DTAGRAMS Section1.
I 494A/494APServlce Vol. 1 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS page Figure The 494APSpectrumAnalyzer.................... xvi 2-1 Dimensions. 3-1 Locationof input power selectorswitch and finefuse..._....... .....,..,.........9-2 4-1 4-2 ....,....,..2-12 Crt displayat initialpower-up....................... 4-4 Typicaldisplayof catibrator signalin Max SpanlDiv................................ 4-5 4-3 Test equipmentsetuplor checking centerfrequencyaccuracy. .......4-g 44 Centerfrequencydrift with the 1st LO tocked.
I o o a 494A/494APServtceVot.1 o LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Conr.) I I o o a I a t o I I o t o o I t o a o o a o I I a o o Figure 6-1 6--? 9-9 9-1 9-9 6-6 6-7 9-9 6-9 6-10 6-11 _ 6-12 6-13 6-14 6-15 6-16 6-17 o 6-18 6-19 o a o o o 6-20 I o I Flgure Page 5-21 PreseleetorDriver adjustment setup.......... ............5_22 5-22 PreselectorDrivertest point and adjustment locations ........... S_Zg 5-23 Test equipmentsetupfor band levelingadjustment. ,.................
o I o a 494A/494APServlce Vot. 1 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont.) Figure Page 7-12 Selectionof disptayposition on the log scale. .....7-94 7-13 Functionaldiagramshowingthe sp€ctrum analyzerand 1405 TV SidebandAdaptersystem. ........7€6 7-14 Simplifieddiagramof videofilter. ............. Z-39 7-15 Verticalcontrol lC bfockdiagram............... .............241 7-16 Horizontalcontrollc bfockdiagram............... .............145 7-17 Blockdiagramof crt readout. .............7-52 7-18 Characteron/offtiming .
o a o a o O I I O o o I o I t I I I I I o I o a I o t o I t a o o o a o I o o o o o o o 494A1494AP ServiceVot.1 LIST OF TABLES Table page Table 1-1 TEKTRON'X WAVEGUIDE MIXERS.............. 1-3 6-6 2-1 FREQUENCY RELATED CHARACTERTSTTCS .................. 2-1 AMPLITUDERELATED CHARACTERTSTTCS ................. 2_6 INPUTSIGNAL CHARACTERTSTTCS .................. 2_11 OUTPUTSIGNAL CHARACTERTSTICS ........,......... 2_13 GENERALCHARACTERTSTTCS ................... 2_15 POWERREQUTREMENTS ...........
o o o a I o {944/494AP Service Vot. 1 LIST OF TABLES(Cont.) ) Table 8.1 8.2 8.3 page EXTENDEDSERVICEAND WARRANWOPT|ONS .............8_1 OPNON07 ALTERNATE spEctFtcATloNs ................... 8-2 OPTIONS21 AND 22 WAVEGUIDE MtxERSCHARACTERTSTTCS ...................... 8_3 page Table 84 8-5 OPTION41 ALTERNATE SPECTF|CAT|ONS ......... OPTION42 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERTSTTCS ............8-4 ..................
t o o 494A|494APServiceVot. 1 I SERVICINGSAFETYSUMMARY o I I I o o o a o O t I o I o I I o o o o I o o o o o o I o o t a o o o o o I I FORQUALIFIED SERVICEPERSONNEL ONLY Do Not ServiceAlone Do not perform internalserviceor adjustmentof this product unless anoth€r person capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation is present. Do Not Wear Jewelry Removejewelry prior to servicing. Rings, neck. laces, and other metallicobjectscould come into con_ tact with dangerousvoltagesand currents.
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I o o Sedon 1 - t I I Product Description I I The 494A and the 494Ap (programmabte)instru_ ments are high performance,compict, portablespectrum analyzers. Microcomputercontrol of most functions simplifiesand enhancesoperation. o a o I o o o a o o I o o a o o o o t o I o a a t a I o o I a o o o o o 4g4[l494Ap Servlce,Vol. 1 GENERALINFORMATION The analyzersfeature: .
Generaf Infornation - o o o 4g4[l4g4Ap Service, Vol. 1 throughoutthe UnitedStatEsand in countrieswherEour products are sold. Several types of maintenanceor repairagreementsare available. For example,for a fixed fee, a maintenanceagreement program provides maintenanceand recalibration on a regular basis. Tektronix will remind you when a product is due for r€calibrationand performthe service within a specifi€dtime.
I o o a o I I o o o o o o o a o a o t I I o o a t o t o I o o o I a o o o I o o o a I o GenerafInformation - EXAMpLE: R2090 on becomss420R2090. assembly A2O 4g4Ll4g4ApService,Vol. 1 I cord clamp . Crt light filters; 2 - one each arnberand grey EXAMpLE: U1044 on subassemblvAl of assembly A36 is found in the ejectrical parts tist as A3641U.t044. o Crt meshfilter .
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I o a I o o o t o o o J o o o o I a t a I a o o o o o o I o I o I a o C I o o o o I I o Section2 - 494A1494Ap Service,Vol. 1 SPECIFICATION This section includesthe eiectrical,physical,and environmentalcharacteristicsof this insirument.Any instrumentspecificationchanges due to options ari listedin the Optionssectionof this manual. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERI STICS The instrumentperformsan internalcalibrationcheck each tirne poweris turnedon.
Specffication - a o a I 'o 494A1494ApService, Vol. 1 Table 2.
Specification- 494Al4g4ApService,Vol. 1 Tabte2-1 (Continued) FREOUENCY RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Characteristic SignalCounter(continued) DeltaFrequency Accuracy Sensitivity tal Inlormation +tAF.
Specilication - 494A/494Ap Service, Vot. 1 Table 2-l (Continued) FREQUENCYRELATEDCHARACTERTSTICS Characteristic Performance uirement Line-relatedSidebands SupplementalInf ormation cally (-55 dBc (47 Hz - 44A Hz) EffectiveVideo Bandwidth kHz 3 kHz 300 Hz 30 Hz 3Hz 0.3 Hz Typically 30 psldivision of pulse tude Pulse StretcherFall Time Marker(s) When activated, the marker is a bright dot positioned by the CENTER/MARKER FREQUENCY control or the DATA ENTRY pushbuttons.
o o O a o o a t Specification- Tabte2-1 (Continued) FREOUENCY RELATED CHARACTERISTICS Characteristic Frequency Span/Div(cont) MultibandMode o o t o o o o o e o I o I o ? Supplemental Intormation In bands2-5, FREQ STARTSTOPpermitsentryof a start frequency in one band and a stop frequencyin anotherband. Start and stop frequenciesare limited to a singleband in Band 1 and B a n d s6 - 1 2 Maximumrangeis 1.
Specification - 494A,1494ApService, Vol. 1 Table 2-2 AMPLITUDERELATEDCHARACTERISTICS Characteristic Performance Requirement requencyResponse SupplementalInformation Measuredwith 10 dB RF attenuation and peaking optimized for each centerfrequencysetting(whenapplicable) Responseis affectedby: o input VSWR r harmonicnumber(N) o gain variation . mixer Coaxial (direct)Input Band and Freq Range 1 (10kHz-l.8 GHz) 2 ( 1 . 7 - 5 . 5G H z ) 3 (3.0-7.1 GHz) 4 ( 5 .
Specification_ 494A1494Ap Service,Vot. 1 AMPLITUDE RELATED CHARAiTERISTICS Characteristic ReferenceLevel Range Log Mode tal Informalion Top of the graticule. From-117 dBmto +50 dBm; +50 dBm inctudes20 dB of tF gain reduction(+30 dBm is the maximum safe input).Alternatereferencelevels arei . dBV (-130 dBVto +97 dBV) o dBrnv (-70 dBmVto +97 dBmV) Linear Mode Accuracy o dBpV (-10 dBpV to +157 dBpV) 39.6 nV/Divto 2.8 v/Div (Maximumsafeinputlevelis .
Specification - 494A!494Ap Service, Vol. 1 Table 2-2 (Continued) AMPLITUDERELATEDCHARACTERISTICS Characteristic SupplementalInformation ReferenceLevel(continued) SEt With DATA ENTRY pushbuttons Steps correspond to the disptay mode in coarse; except, tor 2 dB whenthe stepsare 1 dB. In FineMode: 1 dB whenthe modeis 5 dB/divor more 0.
o o o Specification_ 494A1494Ap Service,Vot. 1 I o o o o o o o c I o o o o o a o I o o ) o o o o I o ? o a o O o o I o o a o I o Tabte 2-2 (Continued) AMPLITUDE RELATEDCHARAiTERISTICS Characteristic Performancq Requirement lF Gain Range lt_ ielst 0.2 dB/dB step to 0.5dB/g dB steps except at the decadetransitions 0.5dB or less -29 -39 -49 -59 ..-DecadeTransitions the * 2 d B 3rd OrderIntermodulation Products 10 kHz-21GHz (Bands1-5) Harmonic Distortion 10 kHz-21 GHz (Band't) 't.
Specification - 4g4[l4g4Ap Service, Vol. 1 Table 2-2 (Continued) AMPLITUDE RELATED CHARACTERISTICS PerfgrmanceRequirement Characteristic Sensitivity Frequency Range Band 1 1 0 k H z - ' t . 8G H z Equivalent Input Noise in dBm vs. Resolution Bandwidth 1 0 H z 1 0 0 H z 1 k H z 1 0 k H z 100 kHza 1 MHz 3 MHz -134 -125 -115 -10s -v5 -85 -80 Supplemental Intormation quivalentmaximuminput noise rr eachresolutionbandwidth. leasuredat 25" C with: .
I o o t o I o Specification - Tabte2-3 INPUTSIGNALCHARACTERISTICS Characteristic Supplemental Informaton RF INPUT Type N female connector,specifieO to 21 GHz. I o t I o o I a I o o o o I o o o o O t e t c o o o o o o o I o o o I t 3 4g4Al494Ap Service, Vol. 1 (See Option 07 in the Optionssection for supplemental specifications concerningan additional 75 O input.) 50() lmpedance VSWRwith 10 dB or moreRF Attenuation 10 kHz-2.5GHz 2.5-6.0GHz 6.
t Specification - o o 494A1494ApService, Vol. 1 I a Table 2-3 (Continued) INPUT SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS Characteristic SupplementalInformatlon HORIZITBIG (RearPanel) Dc coupled input for external horizontal drive (selected by the EXT positionof the front-panelTIME/DIV control) and ac coupled input for externaltrigger signals(selectedat otherpositionsof the TIME/Dlvcontrol).
Speclfication- 494Al4g4ApService,Vol. 1 Table2-3 (Continued) INPUTSIGNALCHARACTERISTICS Characteristic SupplementalInformation J104 ACCESSORy (Continued) Pin4 InternalControl. High(default)selectsinternalcontrol. lnstrumentbus lines are output at theJ104ACCESSORy connector. Low selects Externalcontrol.lnstrument bus lines at the J104 AccESSORY connector accept input from an externalcontroller.
Specification- o o o 494At494ApService,Vol. 1 I Table2-4 (Continued) OUTPUT SIGNALCHARACTERISTICS Characteristic EXTERNALMIXER I Supplemental lnformation When EXT MIXERis selected,provides bias from a 70f,) sourcefor an externalmixer. Bias is set by the MANUALPEAK controlor internally set if AUTOPEAKis selected. Also see InputCharacteristics. Replaced by 75 O RF Input for ion 07. See Ootions Bias Range +1.0 V to -2.0 V (default) or. -1.0V to +2.
o o o Specification - o t I t o o t o o o t o o o t o o o a o o t o t o o I o o I o o o I o o o I o o I 494A1494Ap Service, Vol. 1 Tabte 2-5 GENERALCHARACTERISTICS Characteristic Performance Requirement Sweep Modes Sweep Time Accuracy Triggering 20 ps/Div-S s/Div in 'l -2-5 sequence s/Div avaitable in AUTO) !],,.9 Information Triggered, auto, manual, external, and singlesweep *57o overcenterI divisions lNTernal,EXTernal,FREERUN.
Speclfication- 494A1494AP Service,Vot. 1 Table 2-7 ENVIRONMENTALCHARACTERISTICS MeetsMIL T-28800C,type class 3, style C specifications. Characteristic Temperature Operatingand Humidity Non-operating Altitude Operating Non-operating Descr -15oC to +55oC/95"/"(t 5o/"relative humidity).
o I a o Specificaiion - Table 2-8 PHYSICALCHARACTERISTTCS , t Characieristic a Weight o Dimensions (seeFigure2-1) o o ) I o t o I o o o J a a O o o t a o I to o o o o o o o J o o o o , 494A1494ApService, Vol. 1 Descriotion 47 pounds, 14 ounces (21.8 kg) maximumlsee the Optionssectionfor alternatespecifications) Includingcoverand standardaccessories, exceptmanuat> Without Front Cover, Handle,or Feet With Front Cover, Feet, and Handle 6 . 9 x 1 2 . 8 7x 1 9 .
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a O o a o o I I o t I ) I o a I a o o a o o o o o a o o I o o Section 3 - 494A1494ApService,Vot. I INSTALLATION This section describes unpacking, installation, pow€r requirements,storage informationand repackaging for the spectrurn analy;er. UNPACKING AND INITIALINSPECT|6N Bglorg unpackingthe spectrum analyzer, inspect .. the shippingcontainerfor signs of externatdamage. lf the containeris damageO,nbtity the carier as well as Tektronix, Inc.
o a o I a Installation- 494A/494ApServlce,Vol. 1 CONNECTING POWER PowerSourceand power Requirements ooo o o oo o o oo o o oo o o oo O o oo o o o oo o 335 Changing the dangerous. powef input can be 03s3 o Work safely o Knowthe intendedpowersource o o O a o a o o Set the instrument for the power source I o Checkthe fuse for properratings o o o t o a o o o o O o o o o o O o o a o o o o o o o a I . Use the power cord and plug intended for the power source WATTS ([AXl 210 AMPS 3.
o o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o o o o o o O o a o o o o o a o O o o o o a o o o o o o Instaltaton- Long Term - For instrumentstorageof more than 90 days,retain the shippingcontainerti iepacXage ttre instrument. The battery in tt e instrume-rit does not require rernoval. package the instrumentin a vapor barrierbag with a dryingagent and store'in a tocation rnat meets the non-op€rating environmental specifications in Section2 of this manlal. |f Lgr.
O o o o o a o o o O o o o o o o o o o o O o o o c o O o o o a o o O O o o o I o o o o o
o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Secton 4 - 4g4Al494ApServiceVol. 1 PERFORMANCE CHECK Introduction All performancechecks are carried out without removingthe instrumentcovers. The proceduresin this sectionverifythat the instrument performancesatisli€s the performancerequirernents specified under the performanceRequirement columnin Section2, Specification. Some parametersand instrumentfunctionsthat are not explicitlyspecifiedare also checked.
PerformanceCheck Procedure- 494A/4g4ApServiceVol. 1 Table4-1 EOUIPMENT REOUIRED or Test Flxture Test Oscilloscope Time Mark Generator Vertical sensitivity, 50 mV/Div to V/Div;Bandwidth,DC to 100 MHz FrequencyCountera Marker output, 5 s to 20 ns; accuracy 0.001% 0 to 200 MHz, 1 Hz resolution,25 mV Prescaler Compatiblewith TEKTRONTX DC S09 Functionor Sine-WaveGenerator 1 Hz to'l MHz;0 to 20 V p-p Signal Generator 10 Hz to 't0 MHz,constantoutput SignalGenerator Two leveledgenerators,500 kHz to 2.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o a o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Performancecheck procedure - 4g4br4g4Apservice vor. 1 Table 4-1 (cont) EOUIPMENT REOUIRED Equipmentor Test Fixture spectrumAnalyzer TrackingGenerator 10 dB StepAttenuatora dB step Attenuatora lnterconnect Kita Characteristics Recommendation and Use Frequencyrange,50 kHz to 2_2GHz TEKTBONIX 492A, 494, or ZLIU; Option39 (compressionpointcheck) Frequency range,100kHzto 1.
PerformanceCheck Procedure- 4g4Ll4g4ApServlceVol. 1 PRELIMINARY PREPARATION lnitial Power-Up During initial power-up cycle, the instrumenttype, instrumentoperating system processor firmware ver_ sion, and the front panel processor firmwareversions are displayedon the crt for approximatelytwo seconds. The ReplacementParts List in the Serviie manual,lists the ROMs used for each version. The servicemanual also lists the firmware operatingnotes associatedwith eachfirmwareversion.
o o o o o o o o o O o o o o a o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o O a O o o o o O a o PerformanceCheck procedure - E -28( o a. rotx f, -t { { I I { -r - t' I sr -ta .C This calibrationshould be done at regular intervals so the instrument can meet its eenterfrequencyand referencelevel accu_ racy performancespecifi,cations.lt should also be done each time the ambienttemperatureof the instrumentis changed.
PerformanceCheck Procedure- 4g4Ll4g4ApServlceVot..l PERFORMANCE CHECKPROCEDURE 1. Check 10 MHz Reference Oscillator Accuracy (Agingrate <1 x 10-7) e. ResetSPAN/DIVto 500 kHz. f. Press COUNT RESOLN and enter 1 kHz for a counterresolutionof 1 kHz. The 10 MHz ReferenceOscillatoraccuracyis not a performancerequirement;however,it must be checked so the centerfrequencyaccuracycan be verified.
o o o o o o a o o a o a o o o I a o o o o I o o o o o O I I o o O o I I o O O o a o o o PerformanceCheck procedure - 4. Check Center Frequency Accuracy This is a two part procedure;part I checks center . frequencyaccuracy with the 1st LO unlocked,part ll checksaccuracywith the l st LO phase lockecl. A front panel CAL should be done before performing this check. Part | - lst LO not phase Locked Accuracywith the .lst LO unlockedis :r {(20%of the Span/Div or Resolution Bandwidth, whichever is g.
O PerformanceCheck procedure- 4g4A/4g4ApServiceVol. 1 TM 5OOMain Frame Flgure4-3. Test equipmentsetup for checkingcenter f.equencyaccuracy. Band Approximate Frequency 1 0.5 GHz 1 . 0G H z 1 . 5G H z 2 2.0 GHz 3.5 GHz 5.0GHz 3 6.0 GHz 0.5 GHz 7.0 GHz 4 7.5 GHz 12.5GHz 18.0GHz 5 1 8 . 5G H z 20.0GHz 2 1 .
o o o o o a a I o o o o a o a O a o a a o o o o a o o o O o O o o o o a o o o o o o a o PerformanceCheck procedure- 4g4A/4g4ApServiceVol. 1 wrTlt F|RSTstOilAL ATC€NTER, SEOol{DCAil EEWrn$t TH|SRAI{OE r| _ta -tt -tl {l -€ € 4' { WhCN thE NARROW VIDEO FILTER iS acivated, the UNCAL light will come on. The light shouldbe ignoredfor purposesof this check. f. Press SINGLE SWEEP again and wait for the READYlight to go out. g. Note the disptacementbetweenthe SAVEA peak and the VIEW B peak.
PerformanceCheck procedure- 4g4Al4g4ApServiceVol. 1 SPAN/DIVto 50 Hz and RESOLUTTON BANDWIDTH to 10Hz. cr gl.TttB lm{ iv ra.l ta., t2.a a.l a.a 2-a h. Tune the CENTERFREQUENCYcontrotto position the signal so its slope can be determined.Again, slope determinationrnay be made easier by switching VIEW B off, and using SINGLESWEEPand SAVEA to treeze the displayat a convenientpositionon the graticule. The slope should calculate to approximately 2 Hzldivision. i.
o o o PerformanceCheck procedure- t O o a o o a o a O o t O a o a a O o o o a o o o a o I o o o o o t t a o o o I o E -Otr .rr t.Eq' i5tr TI -t -..4 -r -tt trl 'l ''t I' r' { -ll ^rla ss603it Figure4S. Typicalmarkerdlsplayfor measuring Span/Div accutacy. c. Removethe CAL OUT signatfrom the RF tNpUT and set up the test equipment;s shown in Figure 4_7. set the CENTERFREOUENCyto 10 eni, bnlr.rTDtv to 500 MHz, RESOLUTTON BANDWIDTHto'100 kHz, and REF LEVELto -10 dBm.
PerlormanceCheck procedure_ 4g4A/494ApService Vol. 1 8. Check Marker Accuracy Accuracywith the 1st LO untockedis * {(20%of the Span/Div or Resolution Bandwidth, whichever is greater)+ (CF x ReferenceFrequencyEnor) * 15N kHzl. Accuracy with 1st LO tocked is * ((20% of the Span/Divor ResolutionBandwidth,whicheveris greater).+(CF x gglsr.nce FrequencyError)+ (2N + 25)Hz). (A markeraccuracyis 1% of the measuredspan) (3) Disable frequency corrections by pressing 10dB/DlV.
o o a o o o a o o PerformaneeCheck procedure _ 4g4Al4g4Ap Servlce Vol. 1 SPECTRIfr AI{I.AYZERUI{OERTEST I I t o a a o a o o o a I o O o o t o I O coME OENERATOR MOOULE Figure 4-7' Test equipment setup for checklng frequency span/Dlv and sweep Time/Div accuracy. 9. ^C.*:*_qyegpTimeAccuracy (Within S%of therateserecitJi' a. Connectthe outputof the Time Mark Generator to the rear-panetMARKERI/|DEO input.--6'onnect pin 1 of J104 ACCESSORYconnector ti-groiio (connect pin 1 to pin S). - .b.
o o o PerformanceCheck procedure- 4g4A/4g4ApServiceVol. 1 b. ActivatePULSESTRETCHERand nore that this modeextendsthe talt time of the markers. c. Removethe test equipment. -z!il E nl € .a {a ltl -8dBDOWN 1 \ r EANDW|OTH / I t { t I { \ .,aa { t-l.t A" t E { DaT gE rt||rhg tG doun b.nffdtt|. -znl tt.atc .E TI .it { -0d8DowN )?illt;l- Figure 4€. Typlcal display for measuring Time/Div accuracy. 11.
I o o t o t o I o o I I o a a a a O a a o o o o a o o a a I a o I o o o o I O o I o I o PerlormanceCheck procedure_ 4g4Ll4g4ApServlce Vot. 1 g. Checkthe resolutionbandwidths and shapefac_ tors for the 100 kHz (300ftHa for Option bA, 1 kHz,and 100Hz fitters. Shapefactlistroufd 10 kHz, be 7.5:1 or less. h. RESET thE RESOLUTION BANDWIDTH 'IO tO HZ, qlglptv to 50Hz, and VERlCnl.'drdpr-ry ro 2 dB/Dlv. i. Checkthe resolutionbandwidthand shapefactor of the 10 Hz fitter.
Performance Checkprocedure_ 4g4Al4g4Ap ServiceVol. 1 14.Check FrequencyResponse (Response,about the midpoint between two €xtremes,measuredwith 10dB of RF attenuation and peaking optimized in the applicabl€bands for eachcenterfrequencysetting,is as follows: Band1: +1.5 dB from 10 kHzto 1.gGHz Band2: *2.5 dB from 1.7 to S.5GHz Band3: r2.S dB from 3 to 7.1 GHz Band4: i3.S dB from 5.4 to 1g GHz Band5: iS.O dB from t5 to 21 GHz) (Response with respectto 100MHz is as,ollows: Band1: *2.5 dB from t0 kHzto 1.
o o o o o a o I o o a o o a a I o Perforrnance Check procedure _ 70 EXT. ALC III'PUT CO{IINECTOB- F' I t O a I o a o o o o a a o I o o RF OUT o oo swEEpoSctLLATOR €XT ALC TORFOtrTCoxnecG SPECTRUII AilALYZER UNDERTEST Undor Test I Nro sMAooaeten f ) 3 dB ATTENUATOR o t I o I o o a o o t o J a 4g4Ll4g4Ap Servlce Vol. 1 CRYSTAL DETECTOR Low LosscoAxcABLEwrrx sul courEEroid Figurc4-11' Testequipmentsetupfor measuring0.01GHzto 2r GHzfrequency,esponse.
PerformanceCheck procedure- 4g4A/494ApServiceVol. 1 from 10 kHz to ^ b: Check frequency response 10 MHz (lowerend of Band1). (1) Reconnectthe_testeguipmentas shownin Figure4.12. ResetCENTERFREQUENCY Io 10 MHz.
t I a o o o o o o o t a o o o a o a a a o a o o a I a o o o o o o o o PerformanceCheck procedure_ 4g4Ll4g4Ap ServlceVol. 1 (4) Check that amplitude deviation from 100MHz reference_does not,*.""J-*i.s checkthatflatn€ssis within*1.5 dB. the dB. Atso c. Connectthe CAL.OUTsignatto the RF tNpUT, and performthe CAfiouiin". 15.,Chec_k Display DVnamic Range and Accuracy (99 jB._il dB/DtV moOe,-wirrin-accuracy or :!1.0 dB/l0_10 dB to^-amaximumcumulativeerror of *2.
PerformanceCheck procedure- 494A/4g4ApServiceVol. 1 d. Check that the signal steps down in 10 dB (r1.0 dB) steps as attenuationis added. Maximum cumulativeerror should not exceed 2.0 dB over the 80 dB range. e. Deactivatethe NARROWVTDEOF|LTER,return the externalattenuationto 0 dB, and changethe VERTICAL OISPLAYto 2 dB/DlV. Set the signatpeakat the reference(top) graticuleline, with the generatoroutput control. f.
t o a o I o o I a a o o a PerformanceCheck procedure- POWERMETER RF OUT O I I I a O o o o o o a O a o POTYER SENSOR AOAPTER Flgure4-14. RF attenuatortest equipmentselup. c. Disconnectthe power sensor from the power divider, and connect it to th€ the I ,WISO MHz reference output port through an appropriateadapter. Be sure that the 50 MHz referenceis'tumedoff. - d. On the power meter,press SensorZeroand wait for the-zero light to turn off. Repeatuntil a zero is attained.
o o a o o PerformanceCheck procedure_ 4g4Ll4g4ApServlce Vol. 1 Tabte4-5 OTO 30 dB RF ATTENUATOR TESTSETTINGS SpectrumAnalyzer ReferenceLevel -30 dBm MIN RF ATTEN dB Setting ExternalAttenuator 0dB -20 ctBm -20 dBm 20 dB 10dB 20 dB 1 0d B -10 dB," -10 clBm 10dB 20 dB 1 0d B 20 dB -0 dBm 0dB 30 dB 0dB o. Check that the differencebetweenthe SAVEA and V|EWB_disptays is tessthan O.SdB up to 1.g GHz, lessthan1.5dB from .t.gGHzto 1g GHz,and tess than 3.0 dB from 18 GHZ to 21 GHz.
o I PerformanceCheck procedure- 4g4Al4g4Ap ServlceVol. 1 ) o o o o o a l. Establisha referencesetting for the first 10 dB incrementby pressingdB[Ref on tie po*"i meter. m. Increasethe tr4tNRF ATTEN dB setting by 10 and reset the REFERENCE LEVEL10 dB higherthan the levetset in part j. Resettn" !"n"i"i* output level for a power meter readingof +16 Oe. Eeter to Tabte 4-6 for setupinformationai each rf attenuaior setting. n. check that the differencebetweenthe SAVEA and VIEW.B_displays i9 t^e1than0.
PerformanceCheck procedure- 4g4Al4g4ApServiceVot. 1 f. Turn off the 50 MHz reference on the power rneter, and disconnect th€ power sensor from the PowerRef Outputport. k. Use the Spectrum Anatyzer's REFERENCE LEVELand AMPL CAL controls to position tho signal peak at a convenientgraticuleline,then press SAVEA. g. Collect the generator output to the Spectrum AnalyzerRF lN through the precisioncabte and 10 dB attenuator. l.
o I a o o o o o o a o I o o I I , o I o I a o o a a a o a o PerformanceCheck procedura q: .. 19.gt the SpectrumAnalyzerRF attenuatorsetting to 60 dB, and increasethe reference level setting by t0 dB. I c. ActivateMIN NOISEand note signallevel Level shift must not exceed *0.g dB, o-,+ minorshift. Oiui_ sions(attenuatorplus gain accuracies). t I t o o O a I o dB Ratio of Signal Plus Noise Correction Factor change the REF LEVEL from _20 dBm to -30-9.
PerformanceCheck procedure- 4g4Al4g4ApServiceVol. 1 19. Check Gain Variation Between Resolution Bandwidths (Less than *0.4 dB with respect to the 3 MHz fitter and less than 0.8 dB betweenany two filters) Before performingthis check, do a front panelCAL procedure by pressing CAL and per_ forming the steps promptedby the spectrum analyzer. a.
o o I o o o o o o a o o o o o o I o I I O a O o o o o o o o a a I o o a I o I a o o o a PerformanceCheck procedurc - Band/Frequency eanQ I MHz Table 4-8 SENSITIVITY. tN dBm (dBmVfor 75o tNpUT) 1 MHz 300 kHzb 100kHz 10 kHz 4g4Ll4g4ApService Vol.
PerformanceCheck procedure- 4g4A/4g4ApServiceVol. 1 Spactum Analtrar Un(br Totl al|C T{oilt clot Figure 4'16. Test equlpment setup for checking intermoduration distortion. b. Set the generatoroutputs approximately2 MHz apart within the frequencyrange of band 1, and set the outputlevelsfor full screensignals. c. Decreasethe separation of the generatorfrequenciesto 1 MHz. Reset the spAN/Dlv to 500 kHz AndRESOLUTION BANDWIDTH to 1OKHz. f1 t2 freq.-..t, Third (3rd) Order Intermodulationproducts d.
o o o o I o s o ) o o o o o I I I t I I I a o o o o o o o t a I a o o a I I o a t a I a PerformanceCheck procedure- 23. Check Harmonic Distortion {-60 dBc or tessfrorn10 kHz to 1.gGHz) {Not discernibleabove tt no]r" ftoor (at teast100dBc)from 1.7GHz " "u"r"g" to 21-cHti Testedat -90 dBm in MIN DTSTORTTON mode a.
PerformanceCheck procedure- 4g4Al4g4ApServiceVol. 1 Spectrum AnalyeerUnderTest Figure4-18. Test equipmentsetuplor checklngharmonicdistortion. d. Monitorthe 10 MHz lF outputon the rear panel with a test sp€ctrum analyzer through a 1 dB step attenuator.Set this step attenuatorfor 0 clB of attenuation. e. Set the test spectrum analyzercontrols as tollows: CenterFrequency FrequencySpan/Div Resolution Ref Levet VerticalDisptay Time/Div 10 MHz i MHz Auto _20 dBm 2 dB/Div Auto f.
o I o o o o PerformanceCheckprocedure- o 4g4Al4g4ApServiceVol. 1 TEST SPECTRUMANALYZER I o e I o o TO 10 tlHz tF OUTPUT (REARPANEL) STEP ATTEI{UATOR o a SIGNAL GENERATOR o {l I I RF INPUT POWERMETER @o@o@g@@ SPECTRUTTI ANALYZER UNOERTEST RF INPUT OUTPUT a I o o a o o e o o I o o o o i o I I o a STEP ATTENUATORS Flgure4'19. Test equrpmentsetuptor checkrng 1 dB inputcompressionpoinl l.
o a o o a o PerformanceCheck procedure- 4g4A/4g4ApServiceVol. l Speclnm Andyrcr Undcr Tcst I a o t t e o Iodrl.l.d RF Figure4'20. Test equlpmentselup for checkingIntemaltrlgger characteri3tica. b. Set the SpectrumAnalyzercontrolsas follows: CENTERFREQUENCY SPAN/DIV RESOLUTTON BANDWTDTH REF LEVEL VERTICALDISPLAY TRIGGERING TIME/OIV VIEWA and V|EW B 100MHz 10 kHz 1 MHz -30 dBm LIN INT S ms Off _ c. Set the signal source output amplitude for -30 dBm, and an output frequencyof 100 MHz.
PerfonnanceCheck procedure - a. Connectthe test eguiprn€ntas shown in Figure 4-22. Set the Spectrumenityzer fouows: "ontroi, "i VERT|CALDTSPLAY 2 dB/DtV T|ME/D|V EXT VIEWA and V|EWB Otr b. Set the functiongeneratorcontrolsfor no output 4g4ful4g4ApServiceVol. l Pioa€ POWEF \s7/^t (0v). c. Use thE POSITION to position the crt "ontroi beam -on the left graticuleedge. This'est;btishesthe 0 V reference. d.
Performance - 4g4Al4g4Ap checkProcedure servrceVor.I 29. Check VERTOUTPUTSignal (0.5V *5% per divisionof disptayfromthe center line) a. Monitor the VERT OUTPUT with a dc_coupted test oscilloscope. b. S€t the test oscilloscopecontrolsfor a sensitivity of 1 V/div and a sweeprate of 10 ms. c. Set the SpectrumAnalyzercontrolsas follows: CENTERFREQUENCY SPAN/D|V RESOLUTTON BANDWTDTH REFLEVEL VERTICALOISPLAY VIEWA and V|EWB TRIGGERING TrME/DlV 100 MHz 100 kHz 100 kHz -20dBm 2 dB/DIV Off FREERUN AUTO d.
PerformanceCheck procedure _ 4g4Ll4g4Ap Service Vol. 1 32.Gheck Option 07 FrequencyResponse (Response,about tt"' rniJioini'.0!i*""n . two €xtremes,measured with 10dg oi nF-ettenuation, is *2 dBfromS MHzto 1000MH;i response farts.lt-trryughf checkfrequency g il;;;; fro.mt0 MHzto 1 GHz,anO'partJ i;ff;:.
PerformanceCheck Procedure- 4g4A/4g4ApServlceVol. 1 - c. Set tle_:rlveeposcillatorcontrolsfor a cw output frequencyof 500 MHz and an amptitudeof +20 Oe;1V at the 75O INPUT. d. lf necessary,set th€ cAL AMPL adjustmentfor 5 divisionson the SpectrumAnalyzerdisplay. e. Reset the sweep oscillatorcontrolslor a sweep outputfrom 0.01GHz-l GHz. Enablesinglesweepon the sweeposcillator,and activateMAX HOLD. f. Make a note of the highestand lowestpeaksfor latercomparison,then deactivateMAX HOLD.
PerforrnanceCheck procedure- 33. Check Option 4t Frequency Span/Div Accuracv !1t73 o.t5 MHz/Divover the cdnter6 divisionsof the display) Sp:laccuracy is c_hecked at centerfrequencyset., tingsof 6 GHzand 11 GHz. a. 'Connectthe test equipmentas shown in Figure 4-26. set the sp€ctrumAnalyzer follows: "ontroir ", FREQRANGE 5.4-18GHz CENTERFREQUENCY 6 GHz sPAN/DtV 5 MHz RESOLUTION BANDWIDTH 100kHz REFLEVEL As Needed TrMElDtv AUTO VERTICALDISPLAY 10 dB/Dtv 4g4ful4g4Ap ServiceVol. 1 b.
PerformanceCheck procedure- 4g4Al4g4ApServiceVol. 1 34. Check Option 42110 MHz OUT Level ((0 dBm for Band 1) (>.-40 dBm for Band 5) . a. Tune the Spectrum Analyzer CENTER FRE_ QUENCY to 100 MHz. j. Switch thE FREOUENCYSPAN/D|V control towards zero span while keeping the signal centered with the CENTER FREQUENCYcontrol. The crr SPANIDIVreadoutwill indicate10 ms when zero span is reached. b. Connect a signal generatorto the RF lNpUT.
o I PerformanceCheck procedure- o C o t o t o o I 7L14 CenterFrequency Freq Span/Div Hz Resolution ReferenceLevel DisplayMode DigitafStorage TimelDiv Triggering Source Mode VideoFilter 1 1 0M H z 1 MHz 3 MHZ 0 dBm 2 dBlDiv off Manuaf FreeRun Norm On 4g4Al4g4Ap ServiceVol. 1 j. check that the waveformsymmetryis *1.0 MHz (*1.O division)by checkingthat the 3 dBpoints as wetl as the 6 dB points on the waveformare equidistant from centerscreen. fl-he peakof the signalmiy not Oe at centerscreen). k.
o t PerformanceCheck procedure- 4g4A/4g4ApServiceVol. I Lines 9000-10000: Group Execute Trigger test. Checksthat a GET messagedoes causethe Spectrum Analyzerto abort the present sweep and re-arm the trigger,causinga sweep to start and end, sendingout an End-of-SweepSRe. Thus, the SRe line and GET m€ssageare verified. Lines 10000-11000:Selected Device Clear Test. This test verifiesthat an SDC messageresetsthe Spectrum Analyzer'sGplB output bufferclearingout it's lD? response.
o o o o a o t t o o o o t a I I o o o o o o t I a o t o I o o o o a o a o r C o o o I o Performancecheck procedure- 4g4A/4g4Apservice vor. 1 5130A1-vALrr$) 5140tF A1>0 ANDA1<31 THEN5180 "{JJGERROR!!';A1;,tS Nor A vALtD :1i9lllltl ADDRESS,,; 5160PRINT" ONLYO THRUgOINE VALIDADDRESSESKK' s170co To 5080 5180PAGE 5190REM 52OOREM 5210REM 5220REM 5230REM 6000REMrrr'IDrQUERYRESPONSE'-' 601O PRINT'r.i '(IDOI' ..".
PerformanceCheck procedure- 4g4Ll4g4ApServiceVol. 1 8060PRINT@A1:'TlM?, 8070INPUT@41:T6 8080tF R<>T6 THEN8100 8090 GO TO 9000 '* FAIL*rG, 8100PRINT"J".. GOTO LOCAL...........GTL 8 1 1 0c O T O 1 9 5 3 0 8120REM 8130REM 8140REM 8150REM 8160REM 9OOO REM "' GROUPEXECUTE TRIGGER........GET'*' 9O1OPRINT"''' GROUPEXECUTE TRIGGER...
t O perrormancecheck procedure4g4A/4g4Apservrcevor. 1 o I o o ? o o c o o I ) o T o t o a o o o o o e a o o o o e o o ) t o o a o o I a I 1 1 1 2 0R E M 11130 REM 1I 1 4 0R E M 12OOO REM" ADDRESSED AS LISTENER, TALKER"' 12010 pRtNT,... 49xp ADDRESSEbndlisreneR...*tr :76.zg,se,6s,id,-eJ @32+Al I ?9?9 I/-BvTE 12030T6-1 12040cosuB 19390 12050INPUT @A1:vg r_$*gEG (v$,1 6,1) 1 ?ggg 12070tF T$:"L,' THENi21 0o 12080PR]NT"J'"'49XP ADDRESSED Jr' FAIL AS LISTENER "iGS 12090cO TO 19530 12100pRtNT"'.
PerformanceCheck procedure_ 4g4Ll4g4ApServiceVol. 1 14190PAGE 14200A1-16 14210GOSUB19000 1 4 2 2 0 P R | N T0" L 0 l 0 l _ 1 o 0 o o . 14230GOSUB19070 14240GOSUB19190 14250REM 14260REM 14270REM 14280REM 14290REM 15000REM., nLFroR ,EOl. swlTcH .," 15010PAGE 1502041:1 15030cosuB 19000 1 5 0 4 0 P R | N T0.
I o o C o a I I o e C o o a o o ; I a o o a o o o e o O t o o C o o o o o o o o a o o ) performancecheck procedure- 4g4Ar4g4Ap servrcevor. 1 17120 P R | N T ' 0 L o l _ 0 L O O O OI , 17130cosuB 19d70 17140PRTNT @A1:'REF?,, 1 7 1 5 0 I N P U@ TAt:V$ 17160tF v$<>"REFLVL+0.0.THEN17180 17170co To 18000 IJ{L|SrEN ONLYMODE'r. FA|L*.Gn 11199lltu 17190co To 19530 17200REM 17210REM 17220REM 17230REM 17240REM '8OOO REM"'INTERFACECLEARANDREMOTE ENABLETEST......
PerformanceCheck procedure _ 4g4Ll4g4ApServlce Vot. 1 19260RETURN 19270REM 19280REM ". SRQ HANDLER". 19290T6-3 19300 cosuB 19390 19310POLL21,21;A1 19320PRINT@A1:"ERR?" 19330INPUT @A1:S$ TNTERRUPT occuRRED oN rHEBUs,rHE4expRETURNS 19919 !l!NT "GGAN ";s$ 19350pRtNT "JPRESS RETURN TO CONTTNUE'; 19360INPUT T$ 19370RETURN 19380REM -' 19390REM "'DELAY GENERATOR 19410REM... T6 GTVEN tN SEC(GLOBAL)**. tg scRATcH ... 19420tF T6<0 THEN19510 19430tF RND(0)>0.5THEN19490 19440REM ...
o o a o I o o t o o o o o o o o a o a o o o O O o o o o o o a o t o o a o o o o o o o O Secdon 5 - 4g4Al494ApService Vot. 1 ADJUSTMENT fntroduction l{ the lnstrumentperformanceis not withinspecified requarementsfor a particular characteristic,determine the cause,repair if necessary,then use the appropriate adiustmentprocedureto retuln the instrumentoperation to .performancespecification. After any adjustment, verify performanceby repeatingthat part;f the perfor_ manceCheck.
Adluctment Procedure- 4g4A/4g4ApServtce Vot. 1 Table 5-l EOUIPMENTREOUIRED Equlpmentor Test Flxture Recommendatlonand Use lsolationTransformer 1:1 turns ratio AND AT LEAST500 VA StancorG|S21000 Att€nuator(3 dB miniature) Frequency,to 5 GHz;connectors5 mm WeinchelModel 4M, TektronixPart No. 015-1053-00 Autotransformer Capable of varying line vottage from 90 Vac to 130 Vac 100 pV to 350 Vdc GeneralRadioVariacTypeWl0MT3 o o o o o o o ) Dc Block TektronixPart No.
o o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o a o o o a o O o o o o o o o , Adjustment Procedure- 494A/4g4ApService Vol. 1 1. !{iust Low Vottagepower Suppty (R6028andR6061on the powerSu'pljlyboard) This high-efficiencypower supply uses an internal oscillatorwith a frequencyof 66 i
Adjustment Procedure- 494A/494ApServiceVol. 1 F1035 F1033 R6028{+15 V adjurt} is acceccibte throogfr screw hole Rfl)6l TP6O53 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O O €tr8 Figure 5-1- Low voltage power supply adiustments.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Adjustment Procedure- 494A/494ApService Vot. 1 2. ^qlult Z-Axisand HighVotrageCircuits R1027, Rlogo,-R1ost, tno-ili0s8on the {110?1, (4) Set the INTENSITY controlsuch that the voltage at the coltectorof e4059 is 5.5 V higher than the voltagenoted in part d, subpart1.
O AdJustmantProcedure- 494A/4g4ApService Vot. .l j. Change the REF LEVEL to position the trace within the graticulearea with the VerticalDisplaymode of 2 dB/DlV. Adjust INTENSITYso the trace is just visible. k. Adiust A Intensity R1030 (Figure 5-2) so the brightnessof the readout charactersis slightly higher than the trace. Readoutcharactersshouldbe just visible after the trace has disappeared.This ratio provides the best setting for photographpurposes. Disconnect CAL OUTsignalfrom the RF INPUT. 3.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o Adiustment Procedure- 4g4Al4g4ApService Vol. 1 a @ P.rtad (Rear Panel) drowing Jl(X Acccrorv Connrcror @ JgESI ( T.d O|Glnoacopc 5 1 1{ Jumpcr Pin I to 5. o ooo Oo Spectrum Analyzer Under Test BllC T-Conneclor Figure 5-4. Test equlpment setup for adiusting the D€flection Amplifier. i.
Adfustment Procedure - 4g4Ll4g4ApServtceVot. 1 ' {di ## Flgure 5€. DeflectionAmptilier test points and adiuetments. q. Monitor the collectorsof e1095 and e20g6, on the DeflectionAmplifierboard,with test oscilloscope. r. AdjustC5104tor best response. s, Disconnect the test oscilloscope. Check the appearanceof the letter *Z'" in GHz of the frequency readout, and if necessarytreadjust CS1O4and C406i (verticaloutput)for the straightesttop on the letter"Z-. t.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o AdJustmentProcedure- lnput Gain,RlO3a ouFur GarnR1033 | 494A1494ApService Vot. 1 O.rtput Of*t nrors RIINC iITAL STORAGE HORIZONTAL G.io R1OOo Figure 5-7. Digltal storage adiustment locations. TO: TTARKEBiVID8O TITE TIARK GEI{ERATOR ffi Itull \=z BETWEEI{PINSl&5. PARTIAL BACK PANEL SHOWINGJl(X ACCESSORY COilNECTOR. Figure 5{. Test equlpment setup lor adiusting sweep timing.
Adjustnent Procedure- 4g4A/4g4ApServtceVot. 1 Figure 5-9. Sweep board tlming adiustment and test point locations. The SpectrumAnalyzerhas a procedurein firmware for calibratingthe frequencycontrol system. However, it is possible that some adjustmentsmay be misad_ justedenoughto causethe microcomputer io displayan €rror message. lf this occurs, bypass the step then returnto the calibratlonroutine. Test equipment required for this step are a Voltmeter, Time Mark Generator, and Fiequency Counter.
a o o o a o o o o O a o o a o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o a o o '' AdjustmentProcedure- TuneCoil R1065:ttl 494Ll4g4ApServlceVol. 1 FM Coil Swcco RtOZl =?l rPlo3s-.8 I Span Attcnualor boild \circgir Ccnter Frcqucncy control boord II Ilst LO Orivct lcircuit board I I R1031Rro32 R10:t4 556G17 Figure5'10. Frequencycontrorsystemtest potntand adiustmentrocations. 7. Adjust Log Amptitier (R1012,R102S,R1030,R1037,and R.
Adrustment Procedure- 4g4Ll4g4ApServtce Vot. 1 Figure 5-'11. P3035 on the Video processor board. BilC fo Sorlos:tro Ad.gtCr To &21 on Log Ampl Bd m LHr Lcvclod Signrl Gcocr.to?,0-lO dBm @"o.@"@"G)Pt Spectrum Analyzer Under Tesl I I 'lO dB Stcp Attcnu.tor 1 1 dB Stcp An nu.to. 5565-19 Figure 5-12. Test equlpment setup for adjusting the Log Amplifier.
o o O o Adjustment Procedure- 4g4A/4g4ApServiceVol. 1 I I o I o o o t o o o o o I o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o o o a o o o a o o O ffwu"nffEneilercYEl R10f2 LOGFIOELTTYR1O6O REFERENCELEVEL RIOIIO @ftftfl ll n Lqrc^$t*FroilT fill oll l--E L-.,E Pl075 (J620) Pm70 (J621) L-HHF il il Figure 5'13. Log and video Ampri{iertest pornt and adiustmentrocations. .- .k. lctlvate 2 dB/Dtv and add 10 dB of artenuation. lf..
, Adjustment Procedure- 494[l4g4Ap Service Vot. 1 5[ton'"*' I Filrc.sotocr I ffi 6097-18 Figurc 5-14. Test equipment3etup tor adiusting tlre VarlableRe3olutionrnoOut". v. Check LIN disptay linearity by adding 6 dB, 12 dB. and 18 dB of attenuationand note the display step down from full screento, 4 +0.4, 6 *0.4, and 7 *0.4 divisions. w. Remove the signal generator from the Log Amplifierinput jack and reptacep621. Reptacep3035 on the Video Processorboard. 8.
o o o o o o AdJustmentProcedure - 4g4[l4g4Ap Service Vot. 1 t t o I o O o O o o o a o o o o o a a o O o o a o O o O o o O o a o o o o o Flgure 5'15. Adiu3tmontson the rear of tre VariabreResorudonmodure. (3) Connectthe output of the VariableResolution moduleto the input.of Log Amplifierassembly by connectinga cable lhe from J6g2 on the Variable ResolutionModule to J621 on th€ Log & Video -S-t+;.
Adlustnent Procedure- 494ful4g4ApServtce Vot. 1 (9) Adjust C1032 in the loHz/lfi)Hz Bandpass Filterassemblyfor maximumslgnalamplitude. (10) Set the SpectrumAnalyzercontrols as follows: FREQSPAN/DIV RESOLUTION BANDWIDTH VERTTCAL DTSPLAY T|ME/D|V '10Hz 10 Hz 5 dB/DlV AUTO (11) Press (Blue-SHIFT> WIDE and select item #3 CTOGGLE EOSCORRECTTON MODE). (12) Resetthe CENTERFREQUENCY as necessary to centerthe 100 MHz calibratorsignal,then set the REFERENCELEVELfor a seven-divisionexcursion of the display.
o o o a O o o Adjustnent Procedure- ocrttt? to.t2l, too ArLlEi I O o d @.*.'--;o,-.* @t* I a o a o 4g4[l4g4Ap Service Vot. 1 R'm3GnEo' 66-// oooo@ 6*@ I o I O o o a o o o o a o t I o O O o o o o t a o o o o o Figure 5-17. Adiu3tments on the front of the Variabte Resolution module. (29) PressRECALLSETTTNGS 2. !30) Adjust C4060.in the 10 Hzl100Hz Bandpass Filterassemblyfor best symmetry. lgtt Repeat parts 2g through 31 to etiminate interaction.
Adiustment Procedure - 494A1494ApService Vol. 1 9. Preset the Variable Resolution Gain O o og o a $o o3 $o oE EooE $o o and Band Leveling (R1030on the Post VR Amplifierboard) (R2031on the Va #2 Motherboard). (R3035on the 10 dB GainStepsboard) (R2023and R2060on the 20 dB Gain Stepsboard) o The Log Amplifiermust be calibratedbefore adjustingany VariableResolutiongain settings.
b, Adjurtment Procedure- O O o I o I o I o ro.a attr TT -ll a a .A -t { { * f" Rrynm ot tqOE filtrr. (Ex re.&ra n -ta a tl _1 / . ilqdr EFILTER -a \t -ar I -a arrl F,>Ai kHr ., f. lf the signalamplitudeis over 5 divisions,adjust the Post VR Gain R1030(Figure5-15)for a 5 diviiion signalamplitude. g. Resetthe front panelAMPL CAL for a 7 division signal. h.
AdiustmentProcedure- 494A/4g4Ap ServiceVot.1 10. Adjusf CalibratorOutput Level (R1041on the 100 MHz Osc and 3rd Converter board) The calibratoroutput level is matchedto a knownreference. A power meteris usedto verify the output level of the referencesig_ nal generator.Harmonicsof th€ signalgen_ erator must be greater than 40 dB down from the fundamental. a. Apply a 100 MHz signal from the signalg€nera_ tor to the power meter through a 3 dB attenuator.
o o o a o o Adjustment procedure - O I o a I a a 4g4Al4g4ApseMce vot. 1 Calibrato. Level R1045 in 3rd Converter lF Gain R1015 10 ltlHz lF Ampl o t t t Tll 5O3 llain Frame I o o O o o o o o a o I o o o I o o o o I I 10 dB and 1 dB Step Attenuators Figure 5-20- lF gain test setup,and adjustnent and conn€ctor rocason3- 12.
Adlustment Procedure- o a o o o o o I o o I a a a I OTi#i" o o 494A/494ApServlce Vot. 1 PRESEIECTONOR]YEREOARD TtrsooMAN FRATE I o oo NETARK GilERffOR DIGITA OOTB VOLTreTER GEilERATOR SOURCE SPECTRTI AilALYZERlrl'DER TEST OMGEilERATOR f,OOIJLE Figure5-21. Preselector Driveradiustmentlietup. b. Set th€ test equipmentas follows: Time Mark Generator .l0 ns CombGenerator On c. Connect the DVM betweenthe center tap of the MANUALPEAK potentiometerand ground. Adjust the control for 0 V indication.
o I o o A Adrustment Procedure- 4g4A/494ApService Vol. l $tsr. o { O o I a a o o t a a o o o o o a o a O I o a o I a o o I t o o a I a a 1 ,",1 1'[ \\\-''l O O o I o 'h; ' i - .f\ [:r n oo r- H H Qr r I r;;3 p-rplo?2(/h) & TP1069 (EXTPRESELECTOR) [,*f4n ANALOG GND ,r) ldFnzo'e fi"** TP'O54 n il il HBc R.|{}49 Figurc 5-22. PreselectorDrivertest point and adiustmentlocations. . m. Repeatparts k and I to compensatefor int€rac_ tion. u.
Adfustrnent Procedure- o I o a o o o t o a 4g4A/4g4ApServtceVol. 1 TO EXT. ALC IXP|JT@}|IGCTOR- I oo I ro o RF OUT ot o sttEEP osc|llATOR EXT ALc o TO RF OUT @IOIECTON I I SPECTRUT AIIALY:ZER ITIOER TEST t O O LOW LOSSCOAXCABI."EWttH SflA OO|,{€CTORS Figure 5-23. Test equipmentsetup for band leveling adiustmenl 1tt.
a I o o o o o I o o o t o t o I I I o a a o o o o o t o o Adru3tmentProcedure- . f. Adjust Band 2 Gain RgOg4on th€ vR Mother b.oard #2 (Figure 5-241 tor a fult screEn (_20 OBml display. _ g. Chang€ th€ FREQUENCYRANGE to 3.0_ 7.1 GH.z(Band3) and appty a catibrated_20 dBm signal with the same frequencyas noted for the meanlevel in Band 3 for part a of this step. h. set the FREQUENCyto the incomingsignatand FFEOSPAN/DIVto 500 kHz/Div i. AdjustBand 3 Gain R3030(Figure5-24)for a futl screendisplay. j.
AdJustnent Procedure - 494A/4g4ApServtce Vot. I To: Vsrt liignel Out (back penell o a o o o o o a a o I a , I o a Spectnrm Analyrer Under Tegt t I Flgure 5-25. Test equlpm€ntretup for adjusting llre phase Lock assembly. (3) Connect the counter to the coll€ctor of e1040 and not6 the frequency. Frequencyshould equalthe difference between pins N and K (e.g., 25.080MHz - 25.000MHz - 80 kHz). Disconnect the counterprobe from the collectorof e1040.
l.t a o o a o I o I o I o I I I I a t a a o a o I o o o o a a a I o o a I I o o o I o o AdrustmentProcedure - 0@ @ coitrnou.ED Cf OSCIIIATOR 4g4A/4g4ApServlceVol. 1 (E l-r rP2C3 E rpzoro 0 put.l PSI B o El TP10'|O El Ptilt- c1013 c,rll @@r L-J o*tto J-ffi]snrnasrzen @ @ oFFsE nrxEn @ @ @ @ A Syntfredror, Oftrrt l|h.r, rnd Gontlotocl Orcileor. LOOPOA0T R30!2 n TP36T E c2105 TP,OI5 EI o fTr.t I Ft 004 STROBEDRIVER | "trrl B. Stiobc Orlyrr rnd Eror Ampllllcr.
Adiustment Procedure- 494A/tg4Ap Service Vol. 1 (3) Connect the counter to Tp2o11 on th€ controlled Oscillator board (Figure 5-26a) and atternatelypress AUTO RESOLNand IDENTand check for a count reading of either 25.0g4gMHz or 25.0328MHz. f. Chec-kOpera0onof Strobe Drlver The *PhaseLock Synthesiz€r"test is still used for this test. lf aborted, press PULSE STRETCHERto return to the Synthesizerroutine. Any step in the routinewillwork.
o o o o o I o a O I a a o t o I I I I o a t a O t o o o t a o a I a o a I a o o o o o I Adjustment Procedure- 07) Move p2035 back to pins 1 and 2, reptace P3057, and disconnectthe iest oscilloscopefrom the ErrorAmplifierboard. (18) ReduceSPAN/D|Vto 200 kHz and ensure that phaselock occurs, by the absenceof error rnessage and a sweep. Replacethe covers on the assemdly and reinstallthe modulein the lnstrument.perform the phaselock noise check as describedin the performanceGhecksection. h.
o o o o Adrustment Procedure- 4g4A/4g4ApServlce Vot, I o DC503A I [[ ORF Input oo lc ba1* RFOurO LO lst LO P1024 (rFouT) P1012 P1010 (OUr) (tN) H:N rrn I e I O RF ln lrtlO O t I t O t o a t t o Figure 5-27. Opton 42 adiustmenttest equipmentsetup. c. set the 7L14Time/Divto Manual,and adjustthe crt beam (dot)to center screen. (1) Set the 7L14 Spectrum Analyzer Reference Levelto 0 dBm. d. The DC503Areadout shoutd indicate approximately 110.000MH2.
a o o o a t o o o o I t o I o I a o I t o a o o o O o o a o o O t a o o O O I O o o I I Sectfon 6 - 494A/494Ap Servicc Vot. 1 MAINTENANCE INTRODUCTION This section describes proceduresfol reducingand pr€venting instrum€nt. malfunction, tioubleshootint methods, correctavemalntenance,and procedures for recalibratingthose assembtiesthat normally do not requireroutinecalibration.
Maintenance- 4g4Al4g4ApServlce Vot. 1 PREVENTIVEMAINTENANCE Preventivemaintenanceconsists of cleaning,visual inspection,performancecheck, and if needed a recalibration. The preventive maintenanceschedule that is establishedfor the instrumentshould be based on the environmentin which the instrumentis operatedand the amount of use. Under av€rage conditions (laboratory situation)a preventivemaintenancecheck should be performedevery 1000 hours of instrumentoperation.
o a a o o I o o o a o Maintenance- Table 6-2 SERVICE KITS AND TOOLS Nomenclature 006-3286-01 067-0973-00 067-0971-00 I AccessoriesInterface extender 1 Ribboncabte 067-0972-00 3 Coaxialcables, Sealectromale-to-S€atectro temate 17$2902-00 1 VR modulehandle o 1 Circuitboard extenderassemblykit consiiiing of: t o I a t a o e a a t o t o o o t o o o I o I o o o o o I o Tekfonix Part No. ServiceKit consistingof: 'l Front panel extender 1 Power moduleextender ) t 494A1494Ap ServiceVol.
Malntenance- tl94A/494ApSeMce Vot. 1 Schematic diagrams list the Tektronix part No. (670-xxxx-) for the assembty or board atong with the assemblynumber (e.9. AS0) and name. The tast two digits or sufftx of the part number are not indicatedon the diagram, however, they are list€d in the El€ctrical Parts section. These two digits rsflect changes or modifications to the assembly or board. When a change is made to the assemblythe suffx rolls one digit.
Matntenance- Diagnostic Firmware The firmware in the sp€ctrum analyzer provldes diagnosticroutinesthat can be used wittr itre Diagnostic part of this section to troubl€shootth€ Frequency Control systemand diagnosepower Supplyproblems.This part fottows GenErat trouOtestrbttini information. Refer to this part to help isolate probljms within this !9op. Th9 foilowing are atso some g€neratsuggestions that may helpisolatea problemwhentroubleshooting. Troubleshooting Steps 1.
Malntenance- 4tt0[l4g4Ap Servlce Vol. I Becausethe frequencycontrol loop may be unlockedwhen using the internal reference freguency in a ucold' instrument. no error messag€is displayedfor the internalreference unlocked condition. How€ver, l_U (lnternat-Untock) is disptayedat the REFERENCEOSCTLLATOR positaonfor the normal instrument rEadout. The proc€dure that deats with FREQUENCY REFERENCE UNLOCKEDmessageshoutdbe foilowedif l-U appearsafter the instrumentis warm.
o o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o o a o o o o I o o o o o I o o o a o I a o o o a o o Malntenance_ 4g4Ll4g4ApServlceVol. 1 (1) Press PULSE STRETCHEB and #0, then setect either the lst to reaoout lmenu item #1) or the lnd fg.readout (menu iteni *e1. I!9 _LO frequency wiil be displayect on the crt CENTERFREQUENCY readoutpbsition. (2[fter n-otingthe.
Malntenance- o a o 494A/494ApServlceVol. 1 o o Table 6-3 POWER SUPPLYRANGES Supply +300 v Range Test Polnt 280V to 310 V TPl052 Fuse(F1033) +100v Circult Protecton 95Vto105V TPl048 Fuse (F1035) 10.8V to 18.6V TPl047 Fuse (F2013) 15V 14.85V to 15.15V TPr046 Currentlimit +9V 8.5 V to 10.5V TPl011 +5V -5V 4.8 V to 5.2 V -4.8 V to -5.2 V TPl044 Fuse{F1014 Curent limit TPl036 Gurr€ntlimit TPl037 Fuse(Fl013) TPt035 Currentlimit + 1 7V -7V -15 V -7 V to -8.5 V -14.85V to -15.
Mafntenance- 4g4ful4g4ApServtceVot. 1 1STLO CONTROLDIAGNOSTIC AID TUNEVOLTS SENSEVOLTS NOMINAL -6.79 V 3.43V DAC -6.80 V 3.43 V DESIRED lST LO FREQ MIXERFREO 2.720 504 c|-1.z 45.896MHZ 1ST LO SETNNGACCURACY AUXILIARYSYNTHESIZER 2.719735 cHZ 46.665MHZ 4.981MHZ 212.800 MHZ PRESS'SH|FT"TO EXIT The Desiredl st LO Freq is th€ frequ€ncyto which llre qroge.ssor,is trying to move the oscillator.
O Mafntenance- 494A1494ApServtceVot. 1 a. lf the calculated and measured frequenciesare within 50 MHz of each other and the mbasuredfre_ quency agrees with the internallycount€d 1st LO Freg readoutor differs from it by a multipleof the AuxiliarySynthesizerFreq, r€turnto normal opera_ tion-(by pressing).
Malntenance_ 4g4A/494ApServlceVol. 1 (b) lf the -e1o-r-9cnr: with frequencyspans greater than 5 MHz/div, ttre t si t-O is iroOabtydefective.(E) (4) lf the measuredand calculatedcurrents are not equal,th€ problemis likelyin the final stage of the LO Driver.(E) 4. Measurethe lst LO tuningvoltageat edge connector 47, of the Center Frequeniy Conirot boarO. Ttris voltageshoutdbe within 200 mV 6t tne tisteo DAC Set value. ?. lffl".vottage is within this timit, faitureof the l st LO Driver board is indicated.
Malntenance- 494A1494ApServtce Vol. 1 5. Measure the 2nd LO Tune Volts at Tp1044 on the Center FrequencyControl board. a. lf the 2nd LO tuning vottage is within 200 mV of the DAC SEt value, measurethe 2nd LO frequency at the front-panet2ND LO Output connector. (1) lf the measuredfrequencydoes not agree with the internallycounted roadout.the couhter board is probabtyat fautt.
a o I o ) o t o o I o a o o a o t o a o o ) |, I t o I o o o a a I o o O o e o o a o e I Malntenance- a. lf.b€at notes are present,press HELP to enable the lock. Check the- Error' Amplifiei output at T?2O3T,on th€ Error AmplifierOolrJln the prrase Lock module. gutput signat amptituOe'sfroufO Oe approximately 6 V peak-peak aho its frequency should be 10 Hz. fhe up anO Oown-oui.t_r"ng" :igngj:, on edge connectors g and 10 oi tn" error. Amplifierboard, shoutdbe toggling Oetween 0 V and +5 V. (1)..
Malntenance- 4S4Al4g4ApServtceVol. 1 TRACE MODES Trace Mode provides information on how the frequency control system is working. lt is acc€ssed by pressing PULSE STRETCHER.menu item #7, then selectinglst LO (menuitem #1),2nd LO (menuitem #2} MARKER(menuitem #3), or CORREG_ TION TIMER (menu item #4), gRD tF dOUrur (menu item #5), or DISPLAYRESULTS(menuitem #6). Trace Mode 1, starts tracing the l st LO control actions. Trace Mode 2, starts tracing the 2nd LO con_ trol actions.
o o o o o o I o o o Maintenance- 494Al4g4fupService Vof. 1 CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE Corrective maintenance consists of component replacementand instrumentrepair. Speciat tecnhiques and procedures that may be iequirJj to-remove and replace assombliesand/br in tnis instrumsnt are describedhere. "ompon"nis Tel(ronix iepair centers provide ,replacementor repair serviceon maior assembliesas well as the unit.
Malntenance- o o o o o o o o 494A1494ApService Vot.
o o 3 o o o o o o o o ) I I o I a I o o I o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o o t o o a a o o Mafntenance- 494[l4g4Ap ServtceVot. 1 SERvIcING TooLsFoRBoARD'Tffi3.i*,o"= MouNTED coMPoNENTs Model Type Hor Alr HepairTerminal Nu-ConceptsSystemsHART2OOA Tempilaq TempilaqThinner Flux Dispenser Solderinglron uordertngtron SMDTips Nu-ConceptsSystems Nu-ConceptsSystemsTLTH Nu-ConceptssystemsFD2 HexaconModel SMD1O Semi-Chisel, 1/16' Conical,1132' SharpContcat" Bevel,1/32" Chisel,1/16' Bevel,l/16' 0.
o o o o - 494A/494Ap Maintenance ServtceVot.1 a o Diode Color Code The cathode of each glass encaseddiode is indigated by a stripe, a series of stripes, or a dot. Some diodeshavea diodesymbolprintedon one side. Figure 6-2 illustratesdiode types Lnd potarity markings'that are used in this instrument. o o o o ffi. \ I - o I (x)95-11 Flgure 6-3. Multpln (harmonlca)conneciors. Resistor Values Many types of resistors (such as composition,metal film, tapped,thick film resistornetworkpackage,plate, etc.
o a a o o o o o o o o a o o o t O I o o e a o o o c o o I o o a o o a o a o o O o O o o Maintenance- 494AJ494ApService Vot. 1 lf you desire to remove the componentl€ads, use a ol tess pencil type iron. Straigtrten-the teads on J.5Y me oacKside of the board;then whenthe sotder melts, gently puil the sotdered tead through the hote. A -remove desolderingtool should be used to the old solder.
A30-POWER St,PPLY A30A57-GPIB INTERFACE A62-LOG & VIOEO ATPL A61_DIGITAL STORAGE YERT A6O-DIGITAL STORAGE }IORIZ As8-PROCESSOR 456_GPIB A5'-MEMORY A26_AUXILARY SYNTHESIZER A51_COUNTER PHASE LOCK SYNTI{ESIZER A/f0-SPAN ATTENUATOR A/16-CENTER FREOCOilTROL A{2PRESELECTOR ORIVER o a o o a o o o o o o o o c o o o o o o o o o o ) c o o o o a O o o o I o o o o O o o o
O o o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o o o a O o O o o o o o a a o a o a a o o o o o o o I Maintenance- 494Al4g4ApServiceVot. 1 FL36 FL15 A32-110 ilHr IF AMPL 413_POWER OIVIDER A23-E29 trtHz 2NDCO}IVERTER 434-3RD CONVERTER AlE- 2072MH: 2NDCONVERTOR A2{-PHASE GATE s11 sl2 FL'1 FL12_ PRESELECTOR A1'-DIPLEXER FL'O& A1OLIMITER All-B|AS RETURN sr3- TRANSFER SIV il II lt 412-1ST llrxER ATI{'_STEP ATTENUATOR FL16_DIRECTIOI{AL FILTER Figure 6-6. RF deck assemblies.
Mafntenance- 494A1494ApService Vot. 1 Somecircuit boardsand assembliesmust be placed on extenders to access test points or adjustments. Before removingthese boards and assembli6s,the air bafie attached to the left siderail must also be r€moved. Turn the power off before removingan assembly. Removing and Installing the GplB Board The GPIB board connectsto the GplB port on the back panel,througha GptB Extend€rboard (A56A1),a ribbon cable (W560), and a GplB Interface board (A30A54 in the Power Suppty modute.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Maintenance- 5. Openthe diode package. Use a pair of tweezers to grasp th€ diode assemblyby its side,and place it on a static-freesurface. Grasp t-heside of the'"rr"rOty with^thefingers. Avoid coniact with the diodes. Insert the 8-32 screw.
Maintenance- 4g4A/4g4ApSeruiceVot. 1 - 3. Unplugthe CAL OUT coaxialcabtefrom the grd Converter;then disconnectthe five crt cables from the Z-Axis/RF Interface, High Voltage module, and DeflectionAmplifier. 4. Lookingat the top of the instrument,removethe one screw that holds th€ front panelto the side extru_ sion betweenthe crt and the right side of the instru_ ment. Removethe four screwsthat holdthe tront panel to the side rails. 5. Pullthe front panelup and off the Motherboard.
o o o O a o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Malnfenance- 4g4Ll4g4ApServiceVot. 1 7. Reinstallp361.mountingbracketthen ptugpg045 ontoth€ power supplyboardanOrepacJ the cover. 8. Set the instrumentwith the RF deck on the near side.then hold the power supply module at the rear of the instrumentso the right side is touctring the side_rait and the teft side is aboui 1.5inchaboveiti side-rait. 9.
Maintenance- 494A1494Ap ServlceVol. I 4. The resilient mounts at the corners of the fan frame shouldbe replacedif a new fan is to be installed or fan vibrationis generatingspurs on the display. 5. Insert four resilient mounts into the corners of th€ fan, flushwith the fan frame. 6. Installone ol the fan bracketsto the power supply housing by attachingits lock washers and nuts to th€ back of the housing. MAINTENANCE ADJUSTMENTS The following procedures are not part of the regular calibration.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o a o o Malntenance- 494A/494ApServiceVol. 1 Four Cavlty Fllter-The characteristicsof the filter are checkedwith a network analyzer. Freguency of the filter is 2A72MHz, bandpass,t-SUl-lz down, is 1 dB, return loss is 20 dB or greater, and insertionloss is 1 clB. lf the seal is brokenon anytuningslug,adjust for maximumreturnloss.
Mafntenance- 494A1494Ap ServtceVot. 1 110 MHz Three Cavity Filter Alignmentof this filter is not required unless the spectrum analyzer fails to meet bandwidth specifications.The filters are adiust€dfor center frequency and response shape so the resolution bandwidthis within specifications.The adjustmentprocedureis as follows: Input c1045 c2047 1. With the cAL ouT signat apptied to the RF INPUT,tune the signalto center screenand reducethe RESOLUTION BANDWIDfi to 1 kHz. 2.
o a o o t o t o o I o a o t a O a o o o a a o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o a o o Maintenance- 829 MHz Converler Maintenance Some circuit boards in this assembly contain critical-lengthprinted elements. Whendamaged, elementsare usuallynot repairable;therefore, these the cir_ cuit board must be replaced. even itroujfr repfacement bgards .are precalibrated and ,"p"i, be accom_ plish.ed.
Maintenance- 494A1494ApService Vot. 1 _ Check the freguency by noting the readingon the frequency counter. lf above 729.900MHz, the stub must be lengthened. Solder a bridge across the cut r.e"!99\ frequency. Nominalfrequencyfor an uncut "q stubis 710 MHz. f. Shorten the line so the frequency is near 723.500MHz. For example: The frequencydifference betweenthe desired and thE actuatdivideciOy Z Unz, equalsthe numberof minor divisionsfrom thE line end for the new cut.
o o o o o o I o o O o a O a t o a o o a O o a o a o t o a O I o I o o o o o o o o a o o Maintenance- 494[l4g4Ap ServlceVot. I Test Osciltoscope o o o o J231 I Tracking Generator I o a __^ lo IRF Out 829 MHz Converter lF Section I Y .O Aur. Return Loss Bridge (Device Under Test) 2727-157 Flgure 6-14. 829 MH: filter test equlpment setup. g. .
Malntenance- o o 494A/4g4ApService Vol. 1 A. lsl ResonalorResponse Fe5 Flgure 6-'15. 829 MH: Converbr lilte. hlne tabs. B. 2nd Regonator Response 2727-159 Figure 6-16. Correct responeefor 829 MHz first and second resonators. Troubleshooting and Calibrating the 2nd LO The 2182MHz Oscillatorand 2200 MHz Reference Mixer containcritical printed elementsthat are difficult to repair. Therefore the board should be replaced if damaged.
o O Malntenance- o I a o o Frequency FrequencySpan/Div ReferenceLevel Auto Resolution VerticalDisplay DigitalStorage TimelDiv Triggering I O o o t o I o I I I o o O o a O o O a O o o a o o o O o o o o o o a o o 4g4A/4g4Apservice vot. 1 2GHz 10 MHz +20 dBm On 10 dB/Div ViewA&ViewB Auto FreeRun d. Set the Time Mark generatorfor 0.1 Fs markers. Markers should appear on the test sp€ctrumanalyzer display,approximately one marker/division. A 3rd Resonator e. Press degauss,and peak the 2.
Maintenance - o o 494A/494Ap Servlce Vol. 1 Table 6-7 EQUIPMENTREOUIREDFOR 2nd LO CALTBRATTON Test Equipment Characteristics RecommendedType TEKTRONIX 49X-Series or 7L'14 Option39 SpectrumAnalyzer Frequencyrangeto 2.2 GHz UHF GombGenerator 500 MHzPulseInput Tektronix 067-0885-00 Calibration Fixture with TM 500 Series Power Module Time Mark Generator 0.1 ,rs markers;accuracy0.001o/o TEKTRONIXTG 501 with TM 500 SeriesPower Module Signal Generator Calibrated100 MHz.
o o o a I o o I O o o O O o I o a I a a o o a o o I o O I o a O I o a a o o O o o o o o Maintenance_ 4g4[l494Ap ServtceVot. 1 Preparing the 2nd LO Assembly lor Adjustment T_":! setup is shownin Figure6-19. .. _"guipment the POWERoff. Rernovethe cabinet and placeTurn the Spectrum Analyzer_upsideOownio-ine nf Oect
Maintenance- 494A/4g4ApServtce Vot. 1 2lE2 }'/Hz tro||! Unbuttcrcd OrIput Porf ffiffi o@@@@ 9o Flgure 5-19. 2182 MHz Phase Locked 2nd LO adiustment letup.
t o a I o o o o o a o a o a o o Maintenance- 4g4Al494ApService Vot. 1 c2201 TP+12 V ol ?o,il,- .e: (2)-r r _rr ,- zrfP2o3s-+o r1l*rffi 5 I I o o I a a o o o I o o t a Figure 6'20. 16-20 MHz phase Lock circuit test point and component rocadons.
O Mafnfenance- 4g4Ll494ApServtceVot. 1 trc BLOC|( \ _r CASLE ASSETBLY a o a a o a o o o I a o a a o a I o o o o o o I o o o , Figure 6-22. Coaxialtest probe constructiondetaits. 3. Gheck the 2200 MHz Relerence Mixer a. Use a probe, consisting of a short length of semi-rigidcoaxial cabte with a dc block (see Figure6_ 22), to connect the output of the reference mixer at Q2204-to the input of the test spectrum analyzer. Groundthe outer shieldof the coaxialcable againsithe 2nd LO housing. b.
o O o a O o O t Maintenance_ 494A/494ApService Vot. 1 Tesl fqulprng6l utgtrat v9tlmeter >1Mo o Frequency Counter o I o Time-Mark Generator I Tabte 6-g EOUIPMET.IT REOUTRED FORCALTBRATING THE 16-20]VtHz pHASELOCKC|RCU|T Characteristlcs Recommended Type Measuresto within 0.Ol V, impedance TEKTRONTX Frequencyto g0 MHz TM S00-seriesDM 501A,DM502A,or DM SO10 TEKTRONIX TM SO0-Series DC 503A, DC 508A,DC 509 y1ll9l output, 1 s to 1 ps; accuracy TEKTRONIXTG 501 0.
Maintenance- o o o 494A/{g4Ap Servtce Vol. I Troubleshooting and Galibrating the 16-20 Phase Lock Section MHz Replacingoscillatorcomponentsin this sectionmay alter sweep linearity and the oscillator frequency. Thi following checks and calibrationaid in repairingand retuningthe assembly. 1. Preliminary _ a. Test equipmentsetup is shown in Figure6-23. Removeand install the Center FrequencyControl board on an extenderboard. b. SwitchPOWERon and set the FREOSPAN/D|V to 1 MHz. 2. Check Voltages - a.
o o o a o o o o o o o o o o I o o o a a o a o o I o a a I Maintenanco- R404OFine TuneRanee-+! CENTER F REOUE'{CYCOI{TROL A. Location of R4040, Fine tune Renge. ) I I a I o o a t o o o o a o o 4g4A/4g4ApServlceVol. 1 B. Location ot R|O6Z.2nd LO Sweep. Figure 6-24, Tune and Sweep Range adjustnents.
- 494A/4g4Ap Maintenance ServlceVot.1 5. Setting Sweep Range a. Apply 5 ps time markersfrom the Time Mark Generator to the RF tNpUT. Setthe FREOSPAN/D|V to 500 kHz then back to 200 kHz to center the 2nd LO frequency. b. Adjust the REF LEVEL to disptay the 200 kHz markers then center one of the markers with the CENTERFREOUENCY controt. c. Adjust the 2nd LO Sweep R1O6Z,on the Span Attenuatorboard (Figure6241, so the comb lines on oppositesides of the screen,are exactlyg major divi_ sionsapart. 6.
o o o o o o o I o o o o o I I I I o a o t a o o o o o a o I I o I o o O o I a Maintenance_ 4g4N4g4Apservice vot. I wIT the foop is unlocked,RF teakagefrom _^ the 16-20 MHz osciilatorbuffer is present.ip224 with a level of --35 dBm. The-amplifiedOmeience frequency can be monitoredat Tp20gS. Another check of phase lock operation can be done by measuring the dc voltage on the 21g2 MHz Tune Line at.feedthrough capaciior C22Og.-ttominally voltage is approximately-5 V when phase lock€d.
t a o - 4g4A/4g4Ap Malntenance ServlceVol.i 1st ConverterBias This procedurepresetsflatnessfor Band4, Band5, and Bands '1, 2, and 3,: then adjusts the Start (OHzi Responseamplitudeand overallflatness. These adjustmentsshould only be performed after replacem€ntof the Dual Diode Assem'blyin the First Converter. Test equipmentneeded to adjust the 1st Converterare listedin Table6-9. a. Removethe lst Converterassemblyfrom the SpeetrumAnalyzer. Connectthe assemblyt6 the Spectrum Analyzeras shownin FigureG26.
o o O o o o o I o o o t o o I o o o Malntenance- 494A1494Ap Servtce Vol. 1 Table 6-9 EQUIPMENT FOR ADJUSTING FIRST CONVERTER BIAS AND START SPUR AMPLTTUDE Test Equipment vottm€ter Characteristics (10 pV to )350 Vdc SinewaveGengrator PowerMeter ...PolrrerSensor 2.0 MHz,o dBm,+10 dBm to _100 dBm Capableof measuring0 Ogm it 2 t\,tt-tz Capableof measuring0 dBm at Z Unz *0.3 dB at 2 MHz *0.
Maintenance - o o o o o a o t o o o o o 4g4A/4g4Ap Servlce Vol. I Coarse Tune Range R1032 3_Z.B EtiasI 5.4-18.Bias2 15-21 Bias 3 R1026 Mirer BiasTptoll o I t Flgure 5-27. 1st LO Ddyer board adjustment and test point locatlons. Baseline Leveling (Video processor) a. Connectthe test equipmentas shown in Figure 6-28. Set the ALC switch on the RF ptug-into the MTR position.
o o a O a o o I o o I o o a t o o o o o o a o o o o o o I I a a o a I O t o o o I I o o Maintenance- 4g4Al4S4ApServtceVot. 1 TO EXT.ALC lltPUT COt{ftECTCn- F; I I o o RF OUT ol o SWEEP OSCILLATOR CXT AtC o TO RF OT'T COi.NECTOR I SP€CTRUT AIIALYZER U}IDER IEST lrndc? Tqtt ( { LOW LOSS@AI CAaLE W|THStA COr*ecroes Figurc 6-28. Baseline levefingtert setup. (6) Adjust R1069 for a triangular waveform across the screen. See Figure6-g1b: f/) ResetRl0tg throughRl061 to midrange.
Malntenance- 494A/494Ap Servlce Vol. 1 car ll-tqz n { td I t,l['r tflru.d fl ||' ll II ifl't VI[ !|'|n I 'll I ll - { + + + lh n s.+tc A rr' rl. { {l - ltrr rl,, {t hh Fr $ f lh ft IJ, 'I I -tt ..- -?l 4 -7a -a A TYptcrl roapoNc betore baceline lcveting. -I at ruTrcr. oE t B. Typlcrl rlrpo€e 5. *tr rD t:!,la aftcr barcline lcvcling. Figure 6-29. Typlcal basellne teveling response. (7) ActivateView A, View B, and MAX HOLD.
o o a o t o t o o o Malntenance- 494A/4g4ApService Vot. 1 I a o 106l (low) through R1013 (high) leyete, actiustments a o o o o a o o a a o Figure 6-30. Easelinelevelingadiumentand test point locations. I I I o o t o a a o o I I I t a I a a I ltl -s t. I ,l tl ll n 'l -f I /1 It tt tt I I I 1 tt I U .u. ) .ffl a il.ft1c I C -- < { < 'f MI { rrl Jdl {tt at t I F - l.r ilth tt' 4 ll,l ,'I IrlF' ril" 1- t { { -il 4 -t2 { .A -71 -n Gs.
Maintenance- 494A/4g4ApServtceVot.1 MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEMMAINTENANCE a o a a o I I Severalmaintenanceaids are built into the microcomputer syst€m. Th€se operating tssts dEmonstrate correct performanceor indicate the location of a prob_ lem, if any. The switch settingsthat set up two of these tests are describedfirst. Theseare followedby descriptions of the threetests. In the first test, the microcomputerexecutesa self_ test that verifies,as much as possible,correct operation.
o I t I I I o I o t o t o o o o o a o a o a o o t a I o t t o I a o o t t 3 o o o a I t Maintenance- Microcomputer System Test .The microcomputersystemtest is chosenby setting switch #8 ctosed and switch #7 ogen in S1O6O. fni displayis inoperativewhile this test is beingperformed. The microcomputerreports th€ t€st results via the LEDS on the GplB board rather than on the GRT. lf a problem is encountered,the test stops and the problem is indicat€d by one of the LEDSon itre GptB Ooard.
Maintenance- a o 494A/494ApService Vot. 1 o t !. A" microcomput€rnext tests U2015,a timerchip on th€ Procassorboard. lf any of the timers in U201b result in timo d€lays that ar€ too short or too long, the test stops with LED DS10Sgon th€ GptB boardtit. 6. The microcomputer resets the GplA, U2050, on the GPIB board and checks to see that the GptA is not addressed to talk or listen. The GplA is set to the listen-only mode and checked to see that it is addressedto listen.
o o o a t o t Maintenance- 494A1494Ap ServiceVot. .t Processor Address Decoder _ Address decoder U3035 on the processor board decodesseverd chip_ sel€cts. Y0, Y'1,y5, and y7 areshownin relation to the T/6-linein Figure6-37. I a o o O o I o o o o I I o a o o 4XXX Itflu|ll ----lMm oxxx Ixxr IilMU- erxx t a a o o o u3025, PIN12 5S4{5 Figure6-35. RAM select output in retationto-llXXX. 5565-75 Flgure 6-33. Four maln bloack select outputs ot address decoder U20tf5.
Maintenance- 494A/494ApServtceVol. 1 Instrument Bus Test uo woEm It|l Yr iffiI [[I t[I[ Y5 (70XXl Y7 offii 556UX) Flgurc 6-37. -rlo. Chlp relectr Y0, Yl, Y5, and y7 In retadon to lf the microcomputer performs the power-up selftest, but fails to properly control the instrumeht, the instrument bus interface may be faulty. Select the instrument bus test by setting the option switch as shown in Table 6-10.
Malntenance- These commandsand queries are transmitted to the Anatyzer with ihe pRtNT st#ment. rne !ryl*rn upecrrumAnatyzerresp-onseto a query is input into a string variablewith the tNpUT statement. A string variable is-formeclpVendinOth€ variablename with a doilar sign ($),€.9. A$, Xt$. FOr thE GPIB PRIMARY ADDRESS, ENtEr tIiE '.'--' rear-panel 9"_g'g"l equivalentof the spectrr, GPIBADDRESS switchsettings. "n"lyi"r 4g4N494ApService Vol.
Malntenance- o 494Alttg4ApService Vol. I DATA(instrumentbus data)query l \ \ - F--{ 2. Convert each group of four bits to a hexadecimal digit. Hexadecimaldigits range from 0 to F in the sequenc€0123456789A8CDEF. 0100- 4 1011- B (i.e..8+0+2+1-11,whichis hexadecimat B) oaraz }-.- :^p0RjdglE*tF' 4416-08 3. Group the two hexadecimaldigits together, keeping their respectiveplaces.
- 4g4Al4g4Ap Maintenance ServlceVol.l G. Sweep (refer to diagram 3l) The microcomputerwrites to registers0F and 1F to control sweep rate, mode. holdott, interrupts, and triggEring. N. Front Panel(refer to diagram43) Readingfrom F4 accessesthe keyboardencoder andtheCENTER/MKR FREQUENCy controtencoder. H. Span Attenuator (refer to diagram 32) Registers75 and 76 controlthe spanattenuator. Tabte 6-13 INSTRUMENT BUS REGISTERS DataBits 76543210 Description l.
o o o a Maintenance- 494A/494ApServiceVot. i Table 6-13(cont) Data Bits 76543210 Data Bits 7654321 Description C. Vldeo Processor(7C) 011xxxxx 001xxxxx 1l1xxxxx 010xxxxx xxx0000x xxx0001x xxx1001x xxx1101x xxx0011x xxx1011x xxx1111x xxxxxxxl xxxxxxx0 Out-of-bandclamp - ns clamp Out-of-bandclamp- g;6rt upper5 div Out-of-bandctamp- 66rO lower div Out-of-bandclamp- qlgmt lower5 div Mdeo filter off Videofilter30 kHz Mdeo filter 3 kHz Videofilter300 Hz Videofilter 30 Hz Mdeo filter 3 Hz Mdeo filter 0.
Maintenance- Table &13 {cont) Data Blts 76549210 Deseription D. Digital Storage (cont) Ver$cal Digltal Storage Board FA DB7-DBO Datavaluesfrom digitalstorage. A writeto 78 initializesoutputto begin at the left of the trace and proce€dto the right FB Alwayshigh to indicatethat it is frorn the Vertical Digital Storage board 7A DB7-DBO Table &13 (cont) DataEits 76543210 F.
I Malntenance- 494A/4g4ApServlce Vol. 1 Table 6-13 {cont) Data Bits 76549210 Descriptlon G. Sweep Holdoff, Interrupt, Trigger (0F.0) xx00xxxx xx0lxxxx xxl0xxxx xxxx00xx xxxx0lxx xxxxl0xx xxxxllxx xxxxxxlx xxxxxxxl Short sweep holdoff Mediumsweepholdofi Long sweep holdoff Free run triggermode Internaltrigger mode Extemaltrigg€rmode Line triggermod€ Enableend-of-sweepinterrupt SingleSweepMode Sweep Rato and Mode (0F.
o o C o I o o C o o o o o a o I O t o J a o o a o o t o t I o o o a o o o o a o o a I o Mafntenanca- Table 6-13(cont) Data Bits 7654321A J.
Malntsnance- o I o o 494A/494ApServlceVol. l o Table6-14 AUXILIARY SYNTHESTZERVALUES AS A FUNCTIONOF N AND A N A F*, Result N A Fou,Result N A Fou,Result N A FooiResult 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 g1 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 32 I I 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 27 28 29 30 31 0 200.0MHz 200.2MHz 200.4MHz 200.6MHz 200.8MHz 201.0MHz 201.2MHz 201.4MHz 201.6MHz 201.8MHz 201.0MHz 202.2MH2 202.4 MHz 202.6MHz 202.8MHz 203.0MHz 2O3.2MHz 203.4MHz 203.6MHz 203.
I o J o Maintenance- TAPE DATATRANSFERPROGRAM I I t I o O o 4g4ful4g4ApService Vol. 1 Macros stored in battery-backedup memorycannot be down-loadedto tape. consequenfly,the macros will be lost each time the battery is removedfrom ttre f_Aemory UoarO. lf the battery on the Memory board is removed while the memorywill be lost' A Tektronix4041'seriescomputer, board is not.
Maintenance- 4g4[l4g4Ap ServlceVot. 1 1320 T1-t1+1 1330 Nexti 13a0 S1:0 1350 Print 1360 Print 1370 Print 1380 For i-1 to 10 1390 Gosub5000 1400 lf z-0 then goto 1400 1410 Prints1;'- Settingsfrom DataFile";t1 1424 Goto 1440 14i10 Prints1;"-........ not written.FIL';TI;,.
o o t o I I o o o t a t a I ) I a t o a t a o o t o o o o t ) o I o o o o o o o a o ) t Mafntenance- 494A1494Ap ServiceVot. 1 237A 51-sl+1 2380 T1-tl+1 2390 Next i 2400 Print#a1:i$ 2410 Print 2420 Print 2$A Print"... FINISHED'.." 2440 Goto 10000 3000 ! AcquireWaveformand Settings. 3010 X? i.
Malntenance- 494[l4g4Ap ServtceVot.
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O o o o o a o o o O o a o o o t a o o a o o o o o o o a o O a o o o o a a o o O a o o o Secton 7 - 494A1494ApService,Vot. 1 THEORYOF OPERATION This sectiondescribesthe spectrurnanalyzer circuitry. The section beginswith a functionaldescriptionof the maiorcircuitblocks' This is fotloweJ6y'ror" detaileddescriptionsof the circuitrywithin each block.
O Theory of Operation- 494A/494ApService, Vol. 1 mainlF sectionfor processingand detection. lF Section This section processes the signal for frequency resolution. Several functions are performed here: bandwidth filtering, amplitude calibration and logarithmicconversion,and signaldetection. The 10 MHz lF signal is processedthroughone of sev€ralband-passfilters selectedby the RESoLUTIoN BANDWIDTHcontrol.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Theory of Operation- 4g4A/4g4ApServlce,Vol. .l Digital Control Section Operational modes and internal functions spectrumanalyzerare selectedand controlled of the from the front panel. The modesanOtunctions directly that are selectedare processedand activatedby the instrument mastermicrocomputerwhich tarksand iisten" to ail cuits over the instrumentbus.
Theory of Operation - 4g4Ll4g4ApService, Vot. 1 DETAILEDDESCRIPTION The followingdescriptionis arrangedby sectionsor systems;such as lst Converter,2nd Converter,etc., followed by circuit analysisof the circuiiswithinthat section. Each systemor section is introducedwith a descriptionof the system using the sectionblock diagramfound in ihe oiagrams section of the Service Manual,Volume2. This is followedby a descriptionof Lach cireuitboard or miajorcircuitwithinthe system.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o a o o o o o o a o O o o o o o o o o o o o Theory of Operation - _ The 2GHz Limit€r(A10) operatesfrom 100kHz to 2 GHz. lt has a lineartwo-porttransfercharacteristic of unity (-1 dB) until the input exceeds+5 dBm. Above this point, the internai detEctor OioOes conduct, reflecting part of the RF input energy back to the source.. A: lhe input level rises, the-Limiter reflects more signal,.
Theoryof Operation- 4g4A/494ApService,Vot. 1 Directional Filter 2072MHz lF Filters The DirectionatFitter (FL10)couptesthe 2072MHz signalto the 2nd Convertervia low-passand band-pass filters FLl1 and FL14. As mixing products iass through FL16, they induce a selected current into a one-wavelengthdistributed dng, which couples the 2072MHz lF signatout to the tow-passfitter FLl t. The remainder of the intermodulationproducts pass on through since the ring is excited only with ZiOZZl/r{z signals.
o o o o a o o I o o O o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o Theory of Operafon - 4g4A/494ApServlce,Vot. i 2ND CONVERTER SECTTON (Diagramg) Two 2nd ConvErtersystgms are used in the spec_ trum analyzer. One converts207ZMHz to 110 MHz and the other convertsg2g MHz to 110 MHz. The con_ verter used is determinedby the frequencyband being conveted. The lF selectionfor each banOis snown in Table7-1 along with the band frequencyrangeand the local oscillatorfrequencyrangE.
Theory ot Operation- 494A/4g4ApServlce,Vot. 1 COUPLING HAT COUPLINGLOOP FREOUENCYDETERMININGGAP F I L T E R TOP J cAvrrYPosr+ l+ FtRsr cAVrry INTER-cAVttt*ott"raoND cAvrry 2727-707A Figure 7-1. Ctpsr section of a four-cavltyfiltee Selectionbetweenthe two 2nd lF signalsalso takes place within the 829 MHz convertersystem. A diode switchingnetwork connectsthe activej10 MHz 2nd lF signalto the outputto drivethe grd Converter.
o o o a o o o a a a o o o o a o o o a o o o o o a o O o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o Theory of Operaton - 4g4A/4g4ApService, Vol. .l RF INPUT j--"ou"'-'T'oo"---l RF OUTPUT +FoI Q+r h TUNINGSCREW , CAVITY 1 CAVITY 2 lh I CAVITY 3 CAV!TY 4 2727-1o2A Figute 7-2. Equivalentcircuit of the four-cavity filter. 2072MHz RF from.the four-cavity fitter (FL14) enters the mixer, where it is switchedon anOoff at a 2.182MH2rate by the the mixer diodes.
Theory of Operation - 494A/494ApServtce,Vot. 1 Fllter to Mlxer RF Input Cable. Several products and harmonicsof the local oscillatorand RF input frequencieswill exit the mixer via the RF input port of th€ mixer. The image (RF input minusthe 2nd LO) and the sum (RF input plus the 2nd LO) are two significantpro_ ducts. There is enoughenergyin these two signalsto warrant efforts to r€coverthat energy. Onfy the RF signal at 2072MHz can pass through the four-cavity filter.
a o o o o o I o o a o I a o o a o O o o I o o O I o o o o Theory of Opera{on - amplifiers provide approximatety +10 dBm to the 2072 MHz 2nd Converterand +g dBm to the Reference Mixer. Sinc€ the two buffers are..nearlyidentical,only the 'Oain 2nd Converterbufferis described. is provicledby Q1011. printed elements provide input and ortpui imp:91199matching..Out-of-banddampingis provided by R1011in serieswith a t/4 wavelengihsnortedstub. Dc is btockedby G1014and C101t.
Theory of Operation - 4g4ful4g4Ap Servlce, Vol. 1 afray in the feedback loop of inverting amplifier ul073A. All of the amptifier's feedback is through R1072 when the output swings to the negativelimit. As th€ output voltage swings less negative, it sequentially passes the tap-point voltages of a series of voltage dividersconnectedb€tween0 V (the summingnode at pin 12) and a negativereferences€t by e1047.
o a o a O o o I a o t I o o o o a o O a o o O o a o o o o o t a I a O a o o o I o o o o Theory of Operation - 4g4[l4g4Ap Servtce,Vot. 1 divideand offset lhe output of U1031so the tune voltage rangesbetween0 and -12.5 V. The outputof divid-erRl0gg/R1Og4is apptied to varactorof the 2192MHz microstriposcillaior(2nd the LO). This closes the phase-locktoop, tuning if," ZnO LO so !l"l-j! 9t9JrVtracksthe IB'MHZvto.
o Theory of Operaton - 494A/4g4ApService, Vol. 1 Since the amplifiersare nearlyidentical,the following descriptionapplies to both amptifiers.The ac and dc signalpathsare treatedseparat€ly. Figures74 and 7-5 are simplifieddiagrams of the ac and dc signal paths. + 1 2V = 'PRINTED COMPONENT Figure 7-4. Equivalent ac circuit of an B2g MH: amptifier. f n th€ ac circuit(Figure7-41,C1,L1, and L2 form the input matchingnetwork.
o a o a o o O I I a a t o O a o o o t a o a O a a o o o t o O o t o o a o a o o o o o o Theory of Operation- _ The 3 dB pad helps ensurea consistent5Oo interface for the 829 MHz Band-passFilter. . T!" 450 MHz High-passFilter btocks the tower lF signalsgeneratedwithinthe mixer. . The mixer generates several intermodulationproducts of the 829MHzRF and 71g MHz LO signats. The mixer diodes are transformerdriven Oy a targe amplitucre{+12dBm) 719 MHz signartrom t'he rocit osciitator. .
Theory of Opera$on- t t 4944/4g4Ap Servtce,Vol. I off. Negativecurrent.suppliedthroughRl014, €nsures that Q1011 is turned off. Diode CRt011 protects the base of 01011 from excessivereversebias. Voltage across R1017 is approximately 9.4 V when e1011 ls turned on and approximately4.4V when it is off. Overall gain is approximately 12.9dB when the amplilieris turnedon. The 110 MHz lF signalis transmittedvia p2g2 to the 110 MHz lF Amplifiershownon diagram17.
o a o I o I t t o o I t o o o o o t o a o o o O a o o o t a o a t o a o I o a o o a o o Theory of Operation- Becausethe grd harmonicof 719 MHz is locked to the 2182MHz reference, the tuning range ot tne 719 MHz osciilatoris onty one third oithe tuning range of the reference.Since.th:rgnge is 4 MHz, ttre ringe-ot ' the 719MHzosciilatoris 71g Jt.gg trlnz.
o Theory of Operaton - to lock the difference trequency from th€ Harmonic Mixer to 25 MHz. The phase/frequencydetector output is a voltage that is proportionalto the phase difierencebetweenthe 25 MHz refer€nceand the lF signal from the g29 MHz HarmonicMixer. This correctionvoltageis thenapplied to the 719 MHz VCO to lock it to the reference. The detector circuit consists of two D-typeflip-flops, U2U7A and U2047B, and a differentiatariiptifiei stage used as a NAND-gate(U1044A).
o o o t o o o I o O o I o o a o o a t o o o o o o o a o I o I o t o o o o I o o I o t a Theory of Operation_ 4g4Al4g4ApService, Vol. 1 3RD CONVERTER (Diagram4) The 1t0MHz tF Amptifier(A32)and 3rd Converter (A34) down converts the ttO MHz ouiput signat from the 2nd Converterto 10 MHz for the VariaUieResolution circuits. A 100 MHz crystat controlledoscillator provides.thethird LO signal.This oscillatoris phase locked to either a precise internal10MHz reference or an external1, Z, 5, or 10 MHz reference.
o Theory of Operaton - 494A/4gdApService, Vot. 1 CRl029 addedfor maximumattenuation. lf Rl01 5 is set higher(nearer+i 5 V), diodeCR3030 is forward biased and starts to conduct. Since the 2 mA supply current is relativelyconstant,this subtracts from the currentthroughCRl02g. Thus,the impedance of the diodes is relativelyconstant,which resultsin a good impedance match over a broad range.
a o o I o I o I o o o I o o o O a a o o o O o o o o a o I o a o I a O o o o a o I a I a Theory of Operation - Calibrator u2022 and relatedcomponentsregulat€a 100 MHz signatto -20dBm for the front-panetill bUf connec_ tor. VRI 0S1 serves as an aecurate6.2 V reference, which is dividedto approximately1.e V anOapplied to pin 6 of U2022. The exact tevetii set by R1041the Cal Leveladjustmsnt. The 100MHz signal_enters pin 1 and passes through a pin diode variableattenuator.
Theory of Opera0on - t o 4g4[l4g4Ap Servlce, Vot. 1 O Tune Amplilier Thg FET-inputoperationatamptifier (Ui034) takes .. the output of the phasefrequencyd€tector, amplifies tJre gqgr and supplies an appropriate tune vottage to the 1O0MHz voltage controlled oscillator. The tun€ ampliller, with feedback components c1031, c1o3g, Rl028, and Rl029, determinethe toop transfercharacteristics. The toop dc gain is very high which takes advantaggof the high accuracy of tire internal or external references.
o a Theory of Operation- o I o o I I o o a I I o I I I I t o a o o o o o o o a I e a t o o t I I o o o o o o 4g4ful4g4ApServlce, Vot. i lF SECTTON (DiagramS) The lF section receivesthe lO MHz lF signal from the 3rd converter, establis_hes the system resolution, levels the gain across the frequencyi"ng., logarithmi_ cally arnplifiesthe signal,and Oetecisthe-signai to pro_ duce the videooutputto the Display """itn. System bandwidth resolution is selectable 3 MHz to 10 Hz. This s.
t Theory ol Operation- o o 494A/494ApSewice, Vot. 1 time. When a filter is selected,the series diodes are biased on and the shunt diodes are biased off. The diode conditionsare opposite for the filters that are not selected. Sincethe switchingoperationis th€ samefor all ftlters,the followingdescriptionfor the 100 kHz filter selectionappliesto all filters. The 10 kHz filter uses a pair of two-polemonolithic crystal filters that ar€ interconnectedby variable shunt capacitor C2030.
a o t a t O o I o o o I o o t o a a a o o o o O o a I o a I I a o o o I o I o o o a a I Theory of Operalion - 4g4A/lg4Ap Service, Vol. 1 - -. The.assemblyconsistsof four subassemblies: 1st Mix-er(A69A't), Bandpass Fitter (A69A2),2nd Mixer (A69A9), and Local Osciilator (A69i4). These subass€mbliesare on individualciriuit boards contained in shielded compartmentswithin a metal cas€ mountedabove th€ crt. lst Mlrer. The lst Mixer (A6gA1)is the input mixer.
Theory of Operation- 494A/494ApServlce, Vol. 1 After mixing,the l0MHz output signal is fittered with a second monotithic crystat fitter (y2020). This filter is importantto the systemoperation. Withoutit, a large signal at 9.75MHz woutd be presentin the wide_ bandVR amplifiersthat foltow. Local Osclllator. The Local Oscillator assembly (469A4)providesthe 9.75MHz squarewave LO signali needed for mixing. This is derived from a 19.
a a o a a t I t o o o I o O t o o I t o I o o a o o o o I o O a t o o a o I a o Theory of Operatlon - 4g4Al4S4Ap Servlce, Vol. 1 Table 7-4 GAIN STEP COMBINATIONS Galn Required ru ots 20 dB 30 dB 40 dB Data Biis 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 Band LevetingCircuit (Diagram20) - The two amplifiers,in the VariableResolutionBand Levelingcircuit,conect gain variationsthroughthe front end.
Theory of Operation - 49{A/4g4Ap Service, Vol. I The output of u3038A is apptiedthrough edge connectorpin BB to the gain controlplN diode in the Band Levelingcircuit. For example;when band 1 is selected (U3023pin 1 low), current through Band 1 Gain potentiometer,R2031,and the emitterof e3036 sets the voltage throughR2033to the summinginput of operational amplifier U3038A.
o a o o o t o o o o o I I o I o I o t o t o o a t a o o I o o a I o a o o o o o a a a ) Theory of Operadon- 4g4A/4g4ApService, Vol. 1 .. fn9 input signat.at a nominal_14 dBm, is applied through toroid transformer T1041 to the Oaii of common-emitteramplifier el040. Gain adjustment Rl0i!0, in the emittercircuit. sets the posi Vn impfin"i gain. The output is transformercoupled, by Tt0i0, to the base of feedback amptifier OiOSO. ihis circuit include.
Theory of Operation - 494A1494Ap Servlce,Vot. 1 Table 7-5 PROGRESSION OF GAINREDUCTION Input Level Point 1 Point 2 , Point 3 Poinl 4 0.316 0.1 - - 0'216 0.316 BeyondLoggingRange x-10 dB X Level X + 1 0d B X+20 dB x+30 dB x+40 dB X+50 dB 0.00316 0.01 0.01 0.316 0.0316 0.1 0.1 0.316 ___r l_ 0.68a 1.0 3.16 0.1 0.316 1-0.684-1 1.0 0.316 r-0.684 1.€ 1- 0.684-_-1 1.0 =__1 1_ 0.684 1.684 o o o o o o o o o o 1.684 1_ 0.684 2.
o o Theory of Operailon - o I a' a o I o a o I o o o a o o t , I o o I a I . The 10 MHz input signalfrom the VR circuitsdrives input preamptifiere2075, in th€ tog lmftiner circuits on A62A1. The input preamptifierir"nsier" the S0O input signal to the high_impedance input of the first amplifier stage. The input signal is ilso apptied to transistor01 07S,a common-baseamplifierthat acts as a bufierto supplythe l0 MHz lF signatto the rear_panel connector.
o Theory of Operation- 4g{A/494Ap Servtce,Vol.
I I Theory of Operation- o a a t o t o a o I o o o a I t o a I o o I o o I o t o o o I o I o o I o o a o o o 4g4ful4g4ApServtce,Vot. I DISPLAYSECTTON (Diagram6) FUNCTIONAL DESCRT PTION The display section consists of the followingmajor blocks: o VideoAmplifier o Mdeo Processor characteristicto lin€arfunction. In either mode, base_ line compensationfrom the Vid€o processoris applied to the video signalto compensatefor any unflatnessin the front-endresponse.
Theory of Operaton - 494[l4g4Ap Servlce,Vol. 1 * TH|S 16 dB SEGMENT MAY BE MOVED TO ANY POSITION ON LOG CURVE LIN ouT *10 dBm 80 dB Total dB IN 4416-1t3 Figure 7-12. Selecdon ol display positlon on lhe log scale. Log mode amplifierU4030tineartyamptifiesthe signal. (fhe log conversiontook placein the Log Amp circuit.) At 2.2 V input, the output of amptifierU40S0is 0 V.
Theory of OperaUon- back loop for U5030is now open. DiodeCR5035turns on to preventU5090from slewingtoo far negative. ldentily Circuit This circuit provides a vertical offset on alternate t9 help identifytruE and fatsesignats. Whenthe lllcg: 'ldentify"feature is in op€ration,it allolvsthe operator to distinguishbetweenresponsesthat result from signals at.the desired spectrumanalyzerinput trequenjy (true signals)and those that are produced by'othe? spuriousor harmonicconversions(falsesignats;.
Theory of Operaton - 4g4Al4g4ApService,Vol. I ToVid@Pcq RF ln 'l 95.25 MHz/Uppsr Sdeband t93 25 MHz/Cars 19t.25 MHzIL@d Sirebad trA8X€R/VtO€O rcll -2.5 6lt LOAO Oisglay MaA6 h Z-Ax6 o(rl ffi rffi ?.26525GHz lst lF + fV Carrs i\r o.TsMHr i\o- r.zsMHr i\\o* sprre i\o- 3.5sMHz i\-..rsMHz i\'o- 4.75 MHz Ert. l.Voui !@_f9sEs9Ll9l 5(n+fi Figure 7-13. Functonal dlagramrhowing the Spectrum Anafyzcrand 1405TV SldcbandAd.picr System.
a o I o o o o o o t o I a o o o I o a a I o o o o o I o I o o o I a Theory of Operaton - Video Leveling . -A^mjnor slopein frequencyresponse,causedby the 1.86GHz low-passfilter in the front end, is corr€cted with band I Slope adjustmentR1012. Wirenoperatng in band 1, contacts6 and 7 of U3025are closed;therJ forq a portion of the PRESELECTOR DRTVEsignat is applied to the VIDEO I output signal, providiig the ofiset necessaryto correct slope difference. Video Leveler Circuits .
o o Theory of Operation- 4g4A/4g4ApServtce,Vol. 1 I a e I EXT VIDEOSELECT f MARKER/VIDEO15 VIDEO FILTER OUT 6,11 t t o o INTERNAL VIDEO RC FILTER u20158 OATA BIT 1 Flgure 7-14. Simplllied diagram of a video filter. Tabte 7-6 FILTERCOMPONENT COMBINATIONS Bandwldth DB2 DB3 DB4 30 kHz 3 kHz 300 Hz 30 Hz 3Hz 0.3 Hz 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 't I 1 R2023 c3026 1 0 1 1 Two signal inputs (EXT MARKER/V|DEO)can be appliedto the video filter circuits.
Theory of Operation- The filter consists of resistors R2O2g,RZOZ1, R2022 and capacitorsC3026 and C2016, between U3062and U2066. Tabte7-6 lists itre "onn""t"O tiiiei components in thE circuitfor eachof the six OanOwiOttrs. Databits 2, 4 are apptiedto switch U2O15B(pi-nsB, 16, 1: and 9) "1! which selects the components. frorir U2OOOB, the signal is routed through contacts Z ana 6 of switch !9.qpp to.edgeconnectorpin 57 as th€ VtoEOFILTER OUT signal.
Theory of Operation- 4g4A/4g4ApService, Vol. 1 Graphicalpresentationof mathematicfunctionsor experimentaldata is common. one such graph has a singleY valuefor each X value.An alternaiepresenta_ tion of the data in this graph would be a table simply listingthe x coordinatevaluesalongwith a corresponding Y value for each X value.
o a o I o Theory of Operadon- . I o o n I .l "l o o I )"t*^.ocr-t rl 'l o) o t t o I a t o c a o ) ) O e o o o I o o o o t o o o a o o t I o __l_, I rEmal t+t^ I cfocr( I IqECR^ronFoD Figure ?-15. V.rtical confol lC block diagram, 4g4N4g4Ap Servtce,Vot.
Theory of Operation- 4g4Ll4g4ApServlce, Vot. 1 As each new Y valueis converted.it is addedto the eight least significantbits of th€ numerator.Eachcarry from the most significantbit of this additionis counted by a 17-bit ripple counter.The contentsof this counter and the 8-bit sum are cascadedto form a 25-bitgrand total. Each time a new sampleis added to the numerator, another17-bitripplecounteris incrementedto produce the denominator.
t o Theory of Operatlon- 494A/4g4ApServlce, Vol. I ) o t t I storedin the displayshift register.Then,as th€ A value is-read. it is cornparedwith the B value and the larger of the two is loaded into the disptay shift regisier. Finally,the number in the shift registei is writte; into memory._ This operation is performedonce each time that th€ save A mode is selected.
Theory of Operation- 494A1494ApService, Vot. 1 combinationwith multiptexerU2020,supptiesthe CONSTANT data to U2030. MuttiptexerU2A2Ois, in turn, controlled by address bits 0, 1, and 2 to providethe proper constant data bit to u2030. Output Clrcults. From the U2030 verticat display register, the parallel data output is applied to 6-Oit digital-to-analog converterU1035.
o a a o Theory of Operafon - 494A/4g4ApServlce, Vol.
Theoryof Operation- 494A/4g4ApService,Vol. .l MarkerlC. Marker lC U9020performsseveralfunc_ tions on the HorizontalDigitalStorageboard: In conjunctionwith Horizontal Digitat storage tc U5020,it cr€atesthe two waveformmarkersand the updatemarker. Controlsthe processoraddressesassignedto digitaf storage-7A,78, FA,and FB. Createsthe fast-retraceblankingpulse DSBLANK. Takes control of the address lines to the display RAM when the microprocessoraccessesthe digit;l storagedata.
o o o t o t t o o a : t o o o I a o 3 a o a o a t o o o o o o o I o a o o o o o a o o o Theory of Operaton - the 500 digital storagesweep positions. The resulting clisplayappears as a bright dot sweepingacross the crt, risingand fallingwith the signat. The basic circuits consist of a set of latches, a digital-to-analog convert€r,a compar"toi, pulse gen_ erator, and control circuitry.The Horizontat"Disptay [iD) data representsthE equivatentot the pi"ieni ligital update position.
Theory of Operation - o o a 494A/494ApServlce,Vol. 1 ing sid€ ar€ through the parallelcombinationof resistors R4049and R4048 and capacitorC4057. The series connection of resistor R4049 and variable capacitor C4057provideshigh-frequency respons€compensation. CapacitorC2A7 controlshigh-frequency feedback. Input to the non-invertingside is through resistor R5029to the base of Q4025A. R4019and RS035set the dc level for the feedback loop to the base ol 040258.
o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o a o a o o o o o o o o o o O o a I o a o O a o o a a ? O Theory of Opera{on - change in input power frequencyor power supply voltage and notifiesthe microcomputer.'en etapiid time meter is also located on the board to give a indication of total instrumentoperatingtime.
Theory of Operation- o o o 4g4[l4g4Ap Servtce,Vot. 1 TransistorsQ1017 and Q1015 provide curr€nt for the trace rotation coil. Trace Rotation adjustment Rl021 sets the currentso the displayedtrace is aligned with the graticule. Power-Fail Detector This circuit detectsan instrumentpower failureand transmitsth€ informationto the processorand Memory boards. The LINE TRIGGERsignat from the powei Supplyboardthroughedge connectorpin 60 is supplied to Q2011.
o o o o o o o o o o o o ? o o o a o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o O o a o o o o o o o Theory of Operation- 494A/4g4ApServlce,Vol. 1 CR4078and CR40Z at the input to U4ogil,protect the input against excessive voltage -Oyexcursions.The high-voftageosciilator is protected enfteft RgOTg,(d ?/ and R4074in case the +i00 V suppi shouldfait. Nor_ mally,CR1037is back biased. ti tne +t00V is not present,CR1037conductsand clamps the input nega_ tive; the output of U4093 swings negativeancl e1073 remainscut off.
Theory of Operatlon - 4g4A/4g4Ap Service, Vol. I READOUT ON TIMING INSTRUMENT BUS CHARACTER GENERATOR R/O HORIZ DEFLECTION CHARACTER COUNTER Flgure7-17. Block diagramot crt readout.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Theory of Operation- oFF-T'MER U1055 4g4Ll4g4ApService, Vot. l cEN ON F/F U1041A GEN ON R/O OFF FREO DOT I zo-co u" lF-€,| I GENERATOR RUNN!NG u1041 u1(MrB oFFTME u1055-d 44t6-Lt7 Figure7-18. Characteron/of timlng. Charactercounters synchronizethe horizontaland verticalscan with the Z-Axis signalfrom the character g€neratorlC to draw the character.
Theory of Operation- 494A/494ApService,Vot. 1 COLUMN0.7 01234567 0 1 IDLE POStTtON 2 J3 8 4 E 5 6 7 xxxxxxxx xxxooooo xxxooooo xxxooooo xxxooooo x x x.o o o o o xxxooooo xxxooooo X: BLANK O : DOT ON OR OFF 4 4 rG l 1 8 Figure 7-19. Charaeter scan. The countersare wired to torce the D/A converters to step through the characterhorizontally,a row at a time. At the sametime, the patternof dots is accessed under the control of the timing decoderlogic, U2O39B and U2031.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o Theory of Operation- 1-OF-64 DECODER 54 CHARACTER ROM LINECOUNTER/ SHIFTER SHIFT REGISTER Flgure7-20. Charactergeneratorblock diagram. 4g4[l4g4Ap Servlce, Vol.
Theory of Operatlon - 4g4A/494ApService,Vot. 1 +GENRUNNIN CoLUMN to *oo ---'l 1 2345 -1 6zor 234 LJ r -a_ *oeo @ s6 7 234 ru- @ o m_ o 562 ol oo r- LE L'NE-L- or o n@ roA,oB,oc, AREcoLUMNcouNTERourpurs COLUMNS ROWS @ +' ---o. A Y/ @o | tl | ! '.1-:-------' '\i__:_'__' o o (7)---. 441S120 Flgure 7-21. Character timing dlagram. lnstrument Bus Interface The microcomputercontrolsthe crt readoutand frequencymarker dot over the instrumentbus throughthe followingports.
o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o a a o o o o o o o a o Theory of Operation- U10418. Also, when th€ ON/OFFtine goes high, it €nablesthe |NCR gate, UlOgTC,to steer-the poiition counteronto the characterRAM addressinputsthrough fine driver U3042and muttiptexers UI050 and U1046. When cleared, this bit places an address, latched in U3038 and U3034, on the character RAM address inputs.
Theory of Operaton - 494A/494ApServicg Vot. 1 U1016Adelaysthe marker dot to allow retracewhite gating DOT INV low to set up th€ disptay. DOT tNV afiects th€ readout deflectionoutputs in the fottowing ways. 1. The horizontal output is connected either to ground,for a center-scr€endot, or MAX DOTCONTROL, for a max span pointer. MAX DOT CONTROL is proportional to the center-frequency readout offset from the center of the frequency range. 2.
o o o o o a o o o o a O o o o O o a o o o o o o o o O o t a o O O o I o O o o o o a O o Theory of Opera$on- Fimvf 494[l4g4Ap Servtce,Vol. 1 ___rr +--i_-R/ooFF .Dro{r€ Al{o" GAIE cFr013 c81012 ct01 r R1015 "^foT*---r I lla.x SPAN+------{ , -tg' R€tn^cEoil€-sHor -r ouTPururorse.OF=s.grr utraLANXO|{E_SHOT outpw urorea.o= olSPlAYlrr(RDoT F=s rr R/O OfF GATE urorcas166.Fifr?1 INPUT U1O25D..I3 R/O UNBTANK GATE ot TPUI u1037^-r2 n/o ur€LAXX Flgwe 7-22. Frequency dot ma.
Theory of Operaton - 494A/494ApService, Vol. 1 FREQUENCY CONTROLSECTION(Diagram7) The FrequencyControlsection performsthe tuning and scan functionfor the preselector,l st LO, and 2nd LO. lt also provides the sweep voltage for the deflectionamplifiersin the Display section so the crt display is coincidentwith the frequencyscan and tuning. This sectioncontainsthe followingmajorcircuits.
o o a o o I o o o a I o o t o I o o o a o o o o o o o o I o o o a o o o O o o o a o o o Theory ol Operation- The digital control circuits receiveand decode the address and instructions from the microcomputer, select the sweep rate, holdoff time, trigger sourcer . sweepmode,controlmarkerdac, and cont?itinterrupts to the microcomputer. TABLE 7.11 SWEEP RATE SELECTION CODES DAC providesa dc levetcorresponding .^.I"_I:rIT. ro tne markersweepposition.
Theory of Operation- 494A/494ApService, Vol. 1 Tabte7-12 TRIGGERSELECTIONMODES Trigger Mode Freerun Internal Ext€rnal Line TableZ-13 SWEEPHOLDOFFSELECTION Sweep Holdoff Short Medium Long Sweep Generator The sweep generatoris an integratorcircuitconsisting of operationalamplifierU10S5with one fixed and two switchablecapacitorsin the feedback circuit. Fixed capacitor C1061 is used for the faster sweep rat€s.
o o a o a o o o o O o o o a a o a o I o o o o t o o a o O I o a O o o o o o o o o o o o Theory of Operation- Marker DAC The Marker DAC circuit provides a dc level correspondingto the marker sweep position. This occurs during retrace. allowing osciliatorsto operate long enoughfor the counterto get an accuratereading gJ the marker position. The processorloads twelve bits to Marker DAC UlO47. Thls dc level reptaces the swe€pramp duringth€ duringthe retracetimewhen the swe€pis inactive.
Theoryof Operatlon- 4g4A/4g4ApService,Vol. 1 Sweep Holdofr During retrac€, the sweep must b€ held off long enough for the timing capacitorsin the integratorto dischargeand the circuitto stabilize.To preventflicker, the holdotfperiod must vary as sweep tim€ changes. U30258and three timingcapacitors(C3027,C3030,Lnd C3032)plus a resistor(R3030)form the hotdoffcircuit. Duringsweep time pin 5 of U1017Ais high. This pulls pin 6 low and dischargesCg0g2.
o o a o I O I a o o a o o I a I O o I a o o I a a o O O o I o o I O o a a o o o o a o o Theory of Opera0on - SPANATTENUATOR (Diagram32) The span Attenuator selects the appropriate attenuationfactor for the incoming swe€p signal, to establishthe frequencyspan.
Theory ol Operaton - o o o o I a o o o o o o o o o a o 4g4A/494ApService, Vot. 1 Rl 20k R2 1ok t, I . I s1 ) I 4114122 Flgure 7-23. Simplified digital-to-analog convertGr, Feedbackfor the outputstageis providedby R1056, plus an internal resistor in U1042. The internal feedback resistorensuresbetter temperaturetracking. The internalresistorprovidesa gain slightlyless than unity; R1056 increasesthe stage gain and permits gain caiibration,as describedbelow.
o O I o o o o o o a a a o o t a o I a a I o o a a o o a a a Theory of Operation- The 2" side of U4025is contro[ed by data bits, DBS and DB6, on the e6 and e7lines trom deotS. The ,,2y, outputs of U4025 are applied through buffers in u4042 to select the appropriateattenuationfactor for the output sweep. Table7-1Slists the stat€s required to sner_ gize the attenuationrelays. A diode across each relay coil protects the ddung circuit from inductivefeedback transients.
Theory of Operafon - 494ful4g4ApServtce,Vot. 1 r The mixer bias circuit producesand outputs the requiredbias voltagesfor the 1st Mixer. . The programmablebias circuit provides peaking voltagefor the Preselectoror externalmixers bias voltage based on data suppliedby the microcomputer. Oscillator Filter Switch Driver When DBO is low, relay K3034 is de-energizedand 02029 is biased on which drives a capacitorswitching relay on the 1st LO Interfaceboard.
a o a o I I o o O o I o o o o a a o o o t t o a a o I o a a o o I o o I a o o o a a I o Theory of Operatlon- the amplifier.This in turn, changesthe currentdrive to the oscillatorcoil. Reference Supply r lJ20S2and emitter - ., Preamplifiere2052 plus amptifie followerQ2051, are the activecompon€ntsof th€ _1 OV I-ej9fl"":.uppty. Bias for one sid'Eof 02052 is set by VR1055.The otherside.isset by the _10 V Adj R1Og4.
Theory of Operaton - 4g4A/4g4ApServtce,Vol. 1 o The trackingadjustmentcircuit,which compensates for differentpreselectorsensitivities,compensat€s any pres€lectoroffset, and compensatesfor nonlinear operationcaused by magneticsaturationof the Preselector. r The final driver stage, which changesthe applied signalvoltageinto a current drive for the preselector coil. e The preselectorswitch driver,which drivesthe filter sElect switch€s, shown on Diagram 12.
I o I o a o o o o o o , o Theory of Opera0on- lF Ofiset Tracking and Shaper Circuits The -10 V reference,from the oscillatordriver, fur_ nishes the precise reference vo,tage for the lF offset circuit. Sincethe offset voltageis pioportionatto the lF mings 2.072GHz, no ottset id requireo for the +2.072GHz tF. FET 02094 adds th€ *829 MHz network into the circuit and e2036 adds the _829 MHz nehi/ork.Databits DB6 and DB7 throughtwo comparators in U5022,control the two FET swirchese203i and 02036.
t o o Theory of Operation- 494A/494ApServlce, Vol. 1 Current Driver This stag€ consists of the output stage 0565/05052; FETs Q3061, eg077, and e2074: amplifiers U205,4and U3054; and transistor e4097. When the Preselectoris not in use, DB2 goes low and turns Q2074ofi to reducethe coil current to zero. PreamplifierU2054 reducesthe temperaturedrift of the output stage. DriverOfisetadjustment,R2066nuils the offset voltage(at whichpointthe temperaturedrift is feast). U2054 drives amptifierU9054.
I o o O a o o t o o I , o o o o a Theory of Operation- incremented.Thus,the two must appearas follows: Upperorder1 0 0 00 0 O O O 1 0 O Lower order 01'l 111111111 the basic clrcuit. Whil€ the circuit opgrates in this mod€,the amplifiertracksthe DAC stageand sendsthe voltageout to the tuningcircuits. lf the high-orderdevice operated with no overatl linearity inaccuracy,the operation would now be complet€ and the low-order incrementing could occur.
Theory of Operaton - Dl a o o o I a t o o a 494[l4g4Ap Servlce,Vot. 1 I I I I I ruooeour I o O PREAiIPLIFIER o o o O a t o o o a o INTEGRATOR V MODEOUT o I '141&126 Figure7-26. Simplilied tune voltage converler. In additionto ihe six steering lines that drive the steeringgates,U4025also suppliesthe trackc (coarse) and trackf (fine) lines, which control the track/hold selectortransistorfor each converterside. Tabte7-19 illustratesthe formatfor ADDRESS70.
I o a o a a o o o Theory of Operaton - .Datafrom U4035,the data buffer,is clocked into the registerseach time a difierenttune voltageis required. U3050feeds the lowesteightbits to thEliw-order DAC, u2055; U3070 teeds the higlgs1 eight bits of the highorder DAC, U2060. RegisteiU3060ieeOsthe remaining bits of both units.
Theory of Operalion - 4g4A/4g4ApService, Vol. 1 Low-order DAC U2055 tunes approximately +2.5mV at pin 1. and its gain is adjustedby R1O2S. gain oj p-r_elmplifier U1065 is set at approximatety l!e^ 10,000by Rl056 and the 5O combination of R2O59ana R2060. The combinationof CR1056,CRlO58,RlO54, and R1059 limits th€ gain of U1065 when the output exceedsapproximately0.7 V in eitherdirection. U1065is connectedto integratorU2OT0via storage gate Q1065,which is on in the track mode.
I o a o o a o o o o o o o o a a ) I t I I o o t o o I o I o o o o e o o I o o o o a o o Theory of Operation- 4g4ful4g4ApService,Vot. 1 couNTERandPHASE g) LocK sEciloN (Diagram FUNCTIONAL DESCRI PTION This section consists of a Counter, phase Lock assembly,phase Gate, HarmonicMixer, and Auxiliary Synthesizer.The Counter,HarmonicMixer, and Auxiliary Synthesizer,form the nucleusof the frequencycontrol hardwarefor the instrument.
Theory of Operation- 4g4A/4g4ApService, Vol. l puter tunes the l st LO frequencythrough the following sequence;up 750 kHz,down i.5 MHz, up 1.5 MHz,ani down 750 kHz. Duringone of these yirmwaresearches,' the lst LO frequencypasses through the strobe harmonicfrequencyand th€ loop acquireslock. Any frequencydifferencebetweenthe strobs signal and the 1st LO will generatea low frequencyconection voltage.
I t a o o a a t o o Theory of OperaUon- 494Al4g4Ap Servtce,Vot. 1 o t Output Amplifier I o o o a LO AIIPLIFIER o o I o o o o o o o o o t a o I o a I t I t o I o a o 4416-200 Flgute 7-27. Slmplified schematic of harmoolc mixer. Twoadditional directional couplersareusedto cou?f..lh" 1-9c!. signatinto the mixercircuit.A power ll,ll"l,lll .12, Rsl sptitsthe sisnarinto two paths. FFcn stgnat(approximately_6 dBm each)is then cou_ pled through these coupleis to ttre mixer.
Theory of Operation - 4g4A/494ApService, Vol. 1 PHASE/FREO DETECTOR fr:t,orF:NF, Figure 7-28. Block diagram of a baslc syntheelzer. Phase/Freq DETECTOR mODCONTROL F,n : (NP + A) Frct Figure 7-29. Basic block diagram of a +N syntheeizer with a variable modulue prescaler.
Theory of Operailon - This synthesizeruses a variablemodulusprescater to dividethe VCO frequencybeforeis processeO by the "+N" counter,such as shown in Figure7-29. The vari_ able.modulusprescaleris iontroilej by a moclulus con_ trol input. Whenthe line is high tne pr6scateris a divide by P+l and whenthe tine is l6w the divisioncnange" to P. A commontype of.pre.scaleris a *1g1li. A cy:crcof systemop€rationstartswith all programmable counters *OV to count. The'var]ablemodutuspresloqOe!.
Theory of Operaton - 4g4Ll4g4ApService, Vol. 1 CR2068. CR1065providesa clampto preventa control line voltage less than 5 V. CapacitorC1070 sets the low end of the control voltageto about 6 V. Rangeof the control voltage, over the 20A-Z2O MHz VCO ,ing", is about*6 V to +11 V. The off/on status of the VCO is controiled by U4074 which is activatedby D3 from the data bus. The value is latchedin U4074and its outputturns e2076 off or on. The outputalso controlsthe sensitivityof dividerU5015.
Theory of Operation- DBl-ThE N LATCHsignatfor the lst LO phasetock is sent on this line. DB2-Reservedfor futureapptications. DB3-This lin€ resets the buffer sequencerat the outsEtof a talk cyclefor the counters. DB4-This tine (CONTROLLATCH)tatchesa conrrot word into the output buffers ot VZOZSon the Error Amplifierboard. DBS-This signalclearsall the counterstagesin the counter- buffer circuits in preparation ,or a count sequence. DB6-This line tatchesthe N data in Ul022.
Theory of Operaton - 4g4[l4g4Ap Service, Vol. 1 The Synthesizercan be dividedinto three functional blocks: the 100 MHz divider, the SOMHz divider, and the -+Ncounter. the phase/frequencyd€tector in the Offset Mixer for comparison with th€ difisrence frequency generatedin the mixercircuit. The 100MHz divider consists of flip-flop UgOgOA and transistorsQ3040and e3041. The 100 MHz signal from the 3rd Converterstags is applied to the clock input of u3030A.
Theory of OperationU10508 witt ctock first, placing a high at the Error Amptifier,sinvertinginput. This iamps it," ortput low untit U1050A switches d "*ptiR", time tater. U20508 resets both flip-flopsanOtne"iiort inner toop error amprifierwiil stop rampin! untir the next correction cycle. At the next col-1clion cycle, the error amplifier will have reduced the VCO freqfuency,it reducing the mixer differencefrequen.y. fnl.-proceEs "i"for continues untit the two signati appfilO to the lh".:"/F.r."q.
o Theory of Operation- I 4g4[l494fup Servlce,Vol. 1 o drifts negative,the other half of UlO.l5 conducts,caus_ ing reverseactionto occur. divided down to becomE th€ STROBE signal that is comparedagainstthe l st LO signalin the phaseGate. - Normally,the input signalto the windowcomparator is attenuat€dby R2040, which reduces the voltage applied to U101Sto 0.9% of the output from U204-g. This allowsU2048to drift up and down withoutimmediately triggeringeither comparator.
Theory ol Opera{on - 'The to the ctock input of ...Ttg V_COoutput !g apptied divide-by-scounter UaZZ. STROBE'er.raeLe fin" frgm tlte Error Amplifierpermitsthe counter to operate when the line is low and is the means by wnich the microcomputer can turn the strobe pufsed on or off. The .counter output couples throug'h an- impedance matchingnetwork consistingof Ce0i0, f_iOar, C2Ogg, and C1032,to the input of blndpass ntier fLzOO+. fne matchingcircuitraisesthe tineimpedanceto 1Tp"g11g"^ about8200ohms.
Theory of Operation - 494[l4g4Ap Service, Vot. 1 DIGITALCONTROL(Diagram9) The Digital Control section provides operator and digital controller interfaces. lt translates changes in front-panelcontrolsand, for the programmableversion, also translatesinstructionsreceivedvia the GplB into codes that controlthe instrument. The user interfaceto th€ digital control operating program is discussedin the Operatorsand programmers manuals.
o o o o o o I o o Theory of Operation - o I t o o o o o t o a o o 3 O o t t o I o o o o 8000 7800 7000 4000 0000 I t o o o a o o o o ) Figure 7-30. System memory map- 4g4Ll4g4ApServlce, Vol.
Theory of Operation- 494A/494ApServlce, Vol. 1 + EPnoti DTA PFESENT DT REOUEST ilA GRANT feoc +-- SWPCATE TMER sNO oPrg sRo SERRgO PWRFAIL 7E@ +--+ +--- lililililll NEAR PANEL GP|a SIVITCH (P VERStOfl ONLYI -__ ,-7 Llllllull,l ITISTRUTE'{T oATA 8US INSTRUTIEilT AOOfi€SS aus TIMEN SRO 02 CLocK I/O SPACE MEMORY MAP SYSTET fiA'U I I I ? Figure7-31. UOaddr€ssspace.
o o o o Theory of Operation- o o 6821 PIA REGTSTERS a o o a I o o I a o t o o o O a o a o t o o o I o o o I o o t o a o o c o I 4g4hl4g4ApService,Vol. 1 OATA VALID 0{sTRUt|€XT D^TA AUS 7903 POLL 7CUl II{STRUTIENT AOOR€SSBUS AODRESSRANGE !O.FF (n-7F 6840 TIMERREGISTERS PIA & TIMERT'EMORYiIAP Figure 7-32.
Theory of Operation- 494A/4g4ApService,Vol. 1 Clock. This circuit generatesthe clock signatthat drivesthe microprocessor,the GplA transceivdron the GPIB board (A56),and the charactergeneratorcircuitry on the CRT Readoutboard (A66A1). Y1030,Q2035,and e1030 form a clock circuitthat oscillatesat 3.4133 MHz. e2095 and y1030 form a Colpittsoscillatorand el030 buffersthe output,giving a TTL compatibtectock signat. This signat is turtnei bufferedby U2030Aformingth€ crt clock signat. Mlcrocomputer Bus.
a o a a a a o o a o o I o o a I ) o o o o o I o o t o , I I I a o o o o o o o o a o I o Theory of Operation- 494A/4g4ApServlce, Vol, I GPIA interfacecircuit on th€ GptB board (A56). (Ihis only occurs on the programmable version.) Before each transf€r, the microprocessorloads U1020with the starting addressof the RAM data and the number of data bytes to be transferred.When the GPIA interface circuit requiresdata, it pulls the DMA Requestline, pin 4 of pl03S, low.
Theory of Operation- 494Al4g4ApService, Vol. 1 lf the PwR FAIL line returnsto a high state beforethe microprocessoris reset, the microprocessordoes a power-up initializationto ensure that the instrument operation will not be affected by a temporarypower loss. This powerfail sequencecan be disabledby removing jumperW2035. This may preventlalse resetswhen operating the instrumenton noisy power. However, power-downsettingswill not be stored.
o a o a o a t I o o I t o o a I ) o a o t a o a o Theory of Operation- 4g4Al4g4Ap Service,Vol. 1 lithium battery 8T2040, or in option 3g, silver batteries (Eveready392 or equivalent). See the Maintenance sectionfor replacementinformation. Each ol the non-volatilememory lcs require less than 2 rl. They wiil hold.data as tong as the battery voltage is above 2.SV. In the batte{ circuit, RIO3O and R2037protect the batteryagainst;ccidental short circuits.
Theory of Operation- a t o 4g4[l4g4Ap Servlce,Vot. 1 ROM.The ROM in this instrumentis locatedon this board and on th€ ROM Banks& GptB board(A56). The ROM consistsof systemROM containingthe instrument operatingsystemand the programRoM containingthe variousmeasurementsroutinesand crt messages.The system ROM is always accessible,while the program ROM is bank switchedas necessary. Bank switching allows expanded memory within a limited address space.
o o o o o o o o o a a o o o o o o a o o o o o o t o , o I o a o I o o a a I o o o a o o Theory of Operatlon- Tabte 7-23 ROMBank SelectionData Bank DO cE0-7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 1 o 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ROM 454U3060 454U3060 456U1010 456U1010 456Ur020 456U1020 456U1025 456U1025 456U1035 As6Ul035 456U301 5 A56U301 5 456U3020 456U3020 A56U3030 456U3030 GPIB Swltches.
Theory of Operaton - 4g4[l4g4Ap Servtce,Vot. 1 appropriateaction. Th€ followingis a descriptionof the hardwareand a brief descriptionof the softwareused bythe front panelCPU. INTENSITYis an input to th€ Z-Axis/RF Interface board to control trace brightness. The CPU has two input/outputports. Port plGplT is input only and P20-P27in an input/outputport. Each port is 8-bits wide. In addition, the CPU has an 8-bit data port (D0-D7)called the output buffer,which tatks to the master microprocessor.
O o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o o o o O o o o o O ) o a o o o t o o o o o O o o o o o Theory of Operation - will see a phantomclosureat y2lxg as it scansthe key matrix. To suppress these piantom key closures, diodes have been added in series with the RESOLUnoN BANDWTDTH, MtN RF ATTEN,SpAN/D|V,and gerta]l other keys in column6 and 7 of the k'eymatrix. In addition,an €rror detectionalgorithm is used in the CPU to eliminateadditionalptraniomkey closuresthat mightoccur.
Theory of Operaton - 494[l4g4Ap Service, Vot. 1 Keyboard Check Subroutine. This subroutine is called when the main scan routinedetects a changein the keyboardmatrix which occurs when a key opensor closes. A key opening usuallysignifiesthat an action has been completed,whereasa closure indicatesthat an operationor action is requestedby the user; therefore, the two are treated differentlyby the cpu. Becausemechanicalkeys tend to bouncewhenthey open or close, the subroutinemust debounceeach key change.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o o o Theory of Operation- 494A1494ApSewice, Vot. .
Theoryof Operatlon- 494A1494Ap Service,Vol. 1 Table 7-24 (Continued) FRONTPANELSWTTCH MATRTX TABLE CODE/FUNCT|ON ROW coL X6 X6 X6 X6 X6 X6 X6 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 X6 X6 x6 x7 x7 x7 x7 x7 x7 x7 x7 x7 K7 x8 X8 x8 x8 x8 x8 x8 x8 x8 x8 HEX CODE MAIN FUNCTION
o o O o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o a o O o o o o o o o o o o o Theory of Operation- 4g4A/494ApServlce,Vol. 1 POWERSUppLy(Diagram10) The Main power Supply furnishesall the regulated voltagesfor the spectrumanalyzer,exc€pt the crt highvoltage:uppty. The high-efficiency desiin of the Main Power Supply reduces total weight ind conserves en_ergy.The power supplycircuitslre dividedinto th€ primary circuits and the iecondary and fan drive circuits.
Theory of Operaton - 494A/494ApServtce,Vot. 1 u$36. PrN2 u603A PIN 3 u6036, P|l{ 7 Figure7-34, Primary.egutator Input and output waveforms. Ramp Generator. The ramp generatorcircuit is a gated sawtooth generator that consists of T6044. Q5023, Q6034, Q5032, and related components. The negative excursion of the rectangularshaped signal from U6059 is coupled across T6044 to force e6094 into conduction.This foruvard-biases e5032. lts coll€ctor moves toward +17 V to charge Csoggto this value.
O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o o o o o o a O o o o o o a o o o o O o Theory of Operation - 494[l4g4Ap Servlce, Vot. 1 TRIGGERIN (PIN 2I lmCONTIOL VOLTAGE = 6.6 v tt(v1( f =140k.95 pF l-----J ll F .,o*.,P oR AFIERCuRRENT.,,.,__I l.- "o.*ro. o"enanon*l 2727-161 Flgure 7-35. Tirning waveformsfor soft-start clrcuit Inverter Driver. The inverter driver consists of transistorsQ6072and e6079, transformerT60g1,and relatedcomponents.
Theory of Operation - 4g4Ll4g4ApService, Vot. 1 Secondary& Fan DriveCircuits (Diagram47) The secondarycircuits includethe rectifier_filter circuit, which rectifies and filters the secondaryvoltages; the voltage reference circuit, which furnistrei a stiOte and precisereferencefor the regulators;and the regulator circuits,which control the voltage and currEntlor the suppliesthat requirepreciseregulation.
o o o t I o o o o o a o O o a o O o o o o o o o o o I a o o a a o a o o a a a o o o a o Theory of OperationFan Drfve Circuit The fan drive circuit provides a temperaturecontrolled current drive to the fan motor. if,e circuit pro1y:?: " thr€e-phase_driveculent of approximatety 240 Hz operating freguency. The actuar ctrive circuit operates as a ring counter. TransistorsOl03g and e1044 form a vottag€ regu_ by th€rmistor RT2O4S.
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o o a Sectlon 8 - I o o o a o a o o o I O o o o o o o o o o o o a o o o o o o a o o o a o o o o o o 494[l4g4Ap Servlce,Vot. I OPTIONS This section describesthe optionsavailableat this time for the spectrum analyzer. Ct.ng"" .in specifications,.if any, are describedin this section.Contaet your local Tektronix Field Office or representativ€ for additionat information and ordering instructaons (unlessothenriseindicated).
o Optons - 4944/494Ap Servlce, Vol. 1 Option 07 (75O Inpur) Option 08 (Delete External Mixer Input) Option 07 provides an optional 7SO input and *20 dBmV calibratorin additionto the standard50O input and +20 dBm calibrator. Also, a 300 kHz Resolution Bandwidthfilter replacesthe 100 kHz fitter. The 7SO input replaces the €xtemal mixer capability. Table g-2 lists the changesand additionsto the standardinstrumsnt electrical characteristics.
o o a o o o o o o o O o o I o o O o a o o o o o I o o o I o a o o o O o a o o o o o o I Optons _ 494Al4g4ApServtce,Vol. 1 Tabtc B-2(Continued) OPTION07 ALTERNATE SPECIFICATIONS Characterlstc Sensitivity 75O INPUT 5-1000 MHz Performanc€Requlrement Eguivatenttnput Noi"t 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz -85 5OOINPUT 300 kHz Resc tion Bandwidth 10 kHz 300 kHz I MHz 3 MHz -66 -s6 -41 -36 I -31 EqulvalentInput Nolso In dBm vs.
O Optione - 494A/494ApService, Vot. 1 Option 39 (Sitver Battery) Option 42 (110 MHz lF Outpur) . Option 39 provides a silver battery for the instru_m€nt'sbattery-poweredmemory. The battery life at +55"C is 1-2 years and 2-5 years at +2SoC. W€ recommendremovingthe silver batteriesduring longterm storage. Option42 providestor a rear-panel110 MHz tF signal with a bandwidthgreEterthan 5 MHz, which makes the spectrum analyzer suitable for broadband sweptrEceiver applications.
o a a a o o o o o I o o o I o o o o o o a o o o I o a o o O a o a o I I a o a a O o o a Opdons _ 494A/4g4ApServlce,Vol. 1 Tabte 8-5 OPTION42 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Characteristic tu Mnz tF gutput CenterFrequency goesanoffi B"ndp""" C[ptJ-- symmetry "ooultn"Gffi quency Power Output Band1 Band5 PerformanceReguirement SupptementalInformation 1 0 8 . 5M H zt o 1 1 1 . 5M H z )5MHz < 0.5 dB t1.0 MHz (0dBm ) -40 dBm With -30 dB input and signatat futl screen. In MIN DISTORTION modeonty.
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o o a a O o a I Appendix A - GLOSSARY gtossary is presented .._-Il"^^1"_l':,*ing understandthe terms as they aie used as an aid to in thi" do"urn"nt and with referenceto spectrumanatyzers. o t o O o o I o a t o o a o o o o a a o o o a o o o o O o Llne Display. The display produced on a spectrum anatyzerwhen the resolution'bandwidih i" t"." than the spacingof the signarampritudesof the individuarfrequ€ncycomponents. I Llne SpectruT.A spectrumcomposed of signal tudesof the discretefrequencycomponents.
I Gfoesary- 494[l4g4Ap Service,Vol. 1 FREQUENCY TERMS DisplayFrequency.The input frequencyas indicatedby the spectrumanalyzerand expressedi; hertz. Frequency Span (Dispersion).The magnitudeof the frequencyband displayed,expressedin-hertz or hertz per division. FrequencyLlnearityError.The error of the relationship betweenthe frequencyof the input signal and the frequencydisplayed(expressedas a ratio).
o o o O o o t o o t o I o O o o o I o o O o o a o a o o I O I o I o o Glossary_ 4g4Al4g4ApService,Vol. 1 Sensitvity. MeasureoJ a.spectrurnanalyzef s abilityto display minimumreversignars, -ifei in vorts or decibets. Intermediate.tr"qu"n"V "*pi".J"o bandwidth, displaymode,and any other innueniinji"'.to* must be given. Spu.rious Response. A respons€ of a spectrum _. analyzerwhEreinthe displayed'frequency is not related to the inputfrequency. Hum Sidebands.
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o o a o o o o REVISIONINFORMATION Manual Part No.
o o o o a a o a o o o o o o a o o I o a o o o a O a t o I o t o o o I I o o I o o o o t
o o o I ) o t o o I t I Tektronix. MANUALCHANGEINFORMATION Cornnt|ncd to Ercdl€E Date:9-1-87 Product:See list INSTRUMENT 494N494APOp€rators 494N4944P Service1 ChangeReference: C11887 ManualPartNo:Seelist gN 8010227and up Part No. 070-s557-01 070-5560-00 Feplaca sanshlvlty table In the speclflcailon secilon wlth the tabte betow. o o I o o I o I a a o o o o a o a o I I o SENSmV|TY Equivalent Input Noise in dBm vs. ResohrtionBandwidth Frequency Range Band1 10kHz-1.8 GHz Bands2& 3 1.7GHz-7.
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I a I o o a o a o I o o o o a o o Tektronix" Cdmfrittsd to Erca{ence Date:2-22-88 Producl:seelist Inslrument 4941Pservice1 495/Pservice1 49?NAPservice1 494AIAPservice't MANUALCHANGEINFORMATION ChangeReference: M63911 ManualPartNo: seelist Manual 070-4416-00 070-5084-00 070.5565-00 070-5560-00 productGroup:26 Efr/sN 8011156 8,020228 8010702 8010383 ReplaceDeflectionAmplifiers Gainand Freguency Besponsein the AdjustmentProceduresection with procedurebelow.
Product: see list Date:2.22-88 Chg.Ref.M63911 J. Setthe SpectrumAnalyzercontrolsfor a lriggeredsweep,thenswitchthe sweepoft by activating SINGLESWEEP,and ensureREADOUT is on. K. Monitorlhe drains(metaltabs)of 04040 or Q4030,on lhe dellectionAmplifierboard,withtestoscilloscope.See Figure5-6 L. AdjustC1040for bestfrequencyresponse(noovershootor roll off) as viewedon the test oscilloscope. M. Monitor the Drains(metaltabs)of Q4020or Q4010,on the Amplifier board,withthetesl oscilloscope. N.
o o I o o o o o o o o I o o I o o I o a o o o o o t o o I o I O o o t o o o I o o o o I Product:see llst date:2-22-88 Chg.Ref:M6391r Replacethe descriptionfor the Deftection Amptifiers(Diagram27) with the tottowing. DEFLECTION AMPLIF|ER (Diagram278) Referlo ihe blockdiagramadjacenlto Diagram27aswellastheschematic diagram.TheDeflection Amplifier receivesverlicalsignalinlormation tromtheverticalsectionoflhe DigitalStorageof theVideoProcessoi, and horizonlalorsweep board.
Product: see llst Dale:2-22-88 Chg. Ref: M63911 The standingcunenton the horizontal by a resistivedividerR4046,R3045, amplifierMosletsis established and R5038as lollows.The baseof Q5040is set 3.5voltsnegativewilh respectto the +300volt supply.The voltagedropacross85045is then3 voltsandthe resultingemittercurrenlis 2.0ma.Currentfromthe-15V sourcethroughresistorR2041setsthe output level.FeedbackresistorR2049sets this outpul levelat 142volts.
o o o o I a e o o a o I o o o Product:see llst Chg. Ref: M63911 Replacetigure 5-6in the Adjustmentprocedure sectionwith thefollowingdiagram Defiectron Arnplif ier t I o t a o I a a o t o o I o I o o HorlZontal freqJency response O I o O I I o o o o o Figure5-6.
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o a o o I o o a o o o a o o o o a o o I Tektronix. Cottrti.d MANUALCHANGEINFORMATION to Ercrltono Date:$01€8 Product:See list ChangeRelerence:M66071 ManualParl No:Seelist INSTBUMENT PARTNO.
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Tekt"fp"n[X. MANUAL CHANGE INFORMATION Date: 5/u9o Change Reference:C2lSgO ManualPart No. 070-5s60-OO Product: 494N4g4Ap Service Vol. 1 In section4 - PERF)RMANCE)HECK pRocEDURE Replace header secfian with the foltowing: 11. Check Resolution Bandwidth and Shape Factor (bandwidthis within 2oo/oot the selectedLandwidth for all butthe'l0 Hzfilter;.10Hzto 1 MHz in decadesteps, and 3 MHz; shape factor is 7.5:.t or less _ 60 dB bandwidthfor the .t0 Hz filreris s150 Hz) Change step i. to read as follows: i. .
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o o C o O' o o o o o o o o o o rf a I o t o o o a o o o o I t t I I o o I C I a o I o I o Tektfgnl;. MANUAL CHANGB INFORMATION Date: 6/1190 Product:494N494ApServiceVot.1 ChangeReference: CA59A(revised) ManualPart No.070-5560-00 productGrOup:2E The followlng is a revision of change Reference:c2ls90 datectslztgo. ln section 4 - PERFORMANCEcHEcK pRocEDIJRE changeas foilows: Replace step 5 wlth the fottowlng. 5.
o Change stepll as follows: Replaeestepl7 wtth the tollowlng: 6. CheckReslduatFM 11.CheckResolutlonBandwldlhand ShapeFactor (bandwidlhis within2O%ot lhe selectedbandwidth exceptfor 10Hz.Shapefactoris 7.5:1or lessexceptlor 10 Hz. 10 Hz bandwidth <150Hz @ -60 dBc. [Within7 kHz over 20 ms with the 1st LO unlocked (SPAN/DIV >200kHzfor band1 andbands5 rhrough 12andSPAN/DIV >100kHzfor bands2 rhrough4)1.
(2) AcrivareMARKER MENU pushbutton. (3) Select "7 - ENTER BANDWTDTH NUMBER" (4) Enter'60" with the keypadand terminatewilh "d8". (5) ActivateBAND WIDTH mode pushbutton(BANDWTDTH). (6) From the informationdisplayedon the CRT, record the 60 dB bandwidthin Tabte4A. (7) Using the values in Table 44, measurethe 60 dB bandwidrhfor allremaining RESOLUTIONBANDWIDTH setrings(excepr 10 Hz). d.
RESOLUTION BANDWIDTH 6 dB BANDWIDTH LIMITS 3 MHz 1 MHz 60 dB Bandwidth RESOLUTION VERNCAL FREOUENCY 60 dB MEASURED BANDWIDTH DISPLAY SPAIVDIV BANDWIDTH CaleulatedShape Factor (60 dB/6 dB) SHAPE FACTOR SPECIFICATION 3 MHz 10dB/ l MHz <7.5:1 1 MHz 1 0d B / 1 MHz <7.5:1 100kHz '10kHz 1 0d B / 100kHz <7.5:1 t0 dB/ 5 kHz <7.5:1 1 kHz 10dB/ lkHz <7.5:1 100Hz 1 0d B / 1 0 0H z <7.
o o a a o Change step 12as follows: t 12. CheckCalibratorOutput (-20 dBm r0.g dB) t - o t o t0 I o a o o I o a C a o C I o t a I a I a o a t a a.Applyan external 100MHzsignalto lhepowermeter througha 3 dB attenualor anda 50e iable.Setthegeneraror outputlevellor a readingol -20 dBmon the powermeter. VERTICALDISPLAY NARROWVIDEOFILTER TIME/DIV PEAI(AVERAGE VIEWA andVIEWB 'Selea 3 test frequencies Test Freq. 1: Tesl Freq.2: Test Freq.3: Change step l7 as follows: PARTI a.
o a o o a o POWERMETER ANALYZERUNDERTEST SPECTRUM SIGNALSOURCE r^ J o ADAPTER ADAPTEF POWEBDIVIDEB POWERSENSOR ADAPTEF LOW LOSSCOAXCABLEWITHSMACONNECTORS I t I o o a o o o o I Figure 4.14. RF attenuator test equipment setup, Change step 14 as follows: 14. Check Frequency Response (Responseabout the midpoint betweenlwo exlremes measuredwith 10 dB of RF attenuationand peaking optimizedin the applicablebands for each cenrer lreguency setting is as lollows: B a n d 1 : + 1.
o o o o o o ? I o a o t o o o o t t o o o O o cHANcE INFoRMAnoN TercfgnixoEcEu.E^pE MANUAL CETvitTTEDT Date: l1_Sep_gl Product: See List . ChangeReference: ManualPart No.
Product: See Llst Date:11 Ref. C1-991 Spectrum Analyzer Under Test a o o o o o o I o o I I o O I Test equlpment,setuplor checklng I dB lnput compresslonpolntb. Sefectlhe followingsettingsfor the specirumanatyzer: FBEQUENOY 103MHz FREQUENCYSPAN/DIV 1 MHz RESOLUTIONBANDWTDTH1 MHz -40 dBm REFERENCE LEVEL MINRF ATTEN 0dB VERTICALDISPLAY VIEWA/B TIME/DIV aIDIV On AuTo -40 dBm. c. set the generatoroutputamplitudeto approximatety d.
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