OPERATION MANUAL Ultrafine Particle Monitor MODEL 651 © Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrument (TAPI) 9480 Carroll Park Drive San Diego, CA 92121-5201 USA Toll-free Phone: Phone: Fax: Email: Website: Copyright 2011-2013 Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation 800-324-5190 858-657-9800 858-657-9816 api-sales@teledyne.com http://www.teledyne-api.
About Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation (TAPI) Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation (TAPI), a business unit of Teledyne Instruments, Inc., is a world leader in the design and manufacture of precision analytical instrumentation for trace gas analysis.
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Safety Messages Important safety messages are provided throughout this manual for the purpose of avoiding personal injury or instrument damage. Please read these messages carefully. Each safety message is associated with a safety alert symbol, and are placed throughout this manual; the safety symbols are also located inside the instrument.
Laser Safety The Ultrafine Particle Monitor – Model 651 is a Class I laser-based instrument. During normal operation, you will not be exposed to laser radiation. To avoid exposing yourself at any time to hazardous radiation in the form of intense, focused visible light (exposure to this light can cause blindness), take these precautions: Do not remove any parts from the instrument unless you are specifically told to do so in this manual.
Warranty WARRANTY POLICY (02024F) Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation (TAPI), a business unit of Teledyne Instruments, Inc., provides that: Prior to shipment, TAPI equipment is thoroughly inspected and tested. Should equipment failure occur, TAPI assures its customers that prompt service and support will be available.
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About This Manual This Model 651 manual, PN 07506, is accompanied by a Quick Guide document, PN 07507, which provides critical information that is critical to the proper and safe initial setup and timely maintenance, and proper handling of this instrument. CAUTION – AVOID WARRANTY INVALIDATION Failure to comply with proper setup, maintenance and handling of this instrument will void the warranty. Please read both the Quick Guide and this Operation Manual before proceeding with operation of this instrument.
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Contents OPERATION MANUAL ....................................................................................... i About Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation (TAPI) ................. i Safety Messages .................................................................................. iii Laser Safety....................................................................................... iv Warranty.................................................................................................
Contents Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Front Panel .......................................................................................... 35 Display.............................................................................................. 35 Status Messages .............................................................................. 36 Indicator Light ................................................................................... 36 Back Panel............................
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Contents Ethernet ............................................................................................67 Flash Drives ......................................................................................69 USB...................................................................................................72 RS-232 Serial Communications .......................................................72 Terminal Communications ...........................
Contents Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 RPV – Read Vacuum Pressure.......................................................... 8 RRD – Read Data Record.................................................................. 9 RRS – Read Status Record ............................................................. 10 RTA – Read Cabinet Temperature................................................... 10 RTC – Read Conditioner Temperature ............................................
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Contents FIGURE 9-8 EXTERNAL FLOW METER ATTACHED TO MODEL 651..............................................................84 FIGURE 9-9 CLEANING/REPLACING ORIFICES ...............................................................................................85 FIGURE 10-1 TRIBOELECTRIC CHARGING ......................................................................................................91 FIGURE 10-2 BASIC ANTI-ESD WORK STATION................
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How This Manual is Organized Purpose This is an operation and service manual for the Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651. Organization The following information is a guide to the organization of this manual. 07506C DCN6727 Chapter 1: Product Overview Contains an introduction to the Model 651, a list of features, the specifications, and a brief description of how the instrument works.
How This Manual is Organized Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Chapter 9: Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting Describes the recommended practices for routine maintenance and service, as well as important troubleshooting procedures.
CHAPTER 1 Product Overview This chapter contains an introduction to the Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 and provides a brief explanation of how the instrument operates. Product Description The Model 651 is a continuous laminar flow condensation particle counter that uses water as its working fluid. The Model 651 provides rapid, high-precision measurement of the numbers of ultrafine (down to 7 nm) airborne particles.
Product Overview Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Figure 1-1 Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Specifications Table 1-1 contains the operating specifications for the Model 651 instrument. These specifications are subject to change without notice.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Product Overview PARAMETER SPECIFICATION 3 Aerosol flow rate False Background Counts 120 ±12 cm /min False background counts Aerosol Medium <0.01 particles/ cm3, one hour average Aerosol medium Air only Environmental Operating Conditions Ambient temp range Ambient humidity range Inlet Pressure Operation 10 to 38°C (50 to 100.4°F) 0 to 90% non-condensing Inlet pressure operation (absolute) Inlet pressure gauge Water System 50 to 110 KPa (0.
Product Overview Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 PARAMETER SPECIFICATION Physical Features Front panel Back panel HxDxW Weight Display, sample inlet, LED particle indicator Power connector, USB, Ethernet, RS-232, BNC output, fan, water fill connector, pump exhaust port, fill bottle and bracket 20.3 x 48.3 x 30.5 cm (8 x 19 x 12 inches) 9.9 Kg (22 lbs) How it Works The Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 is designed to measure the concentration of airborne particles.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Product Overview The enlarged particles are passed through a laser beam and create a large light pulse. Every particle pulse event is detected and counted. In this technique, particle concentration is measured by counting each particle in the air stream. Figure 1-2 illustrates the flow system of the Model 651.
Product Overview Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Figure 1-2 Model 651 Flow System Schematic 22 07506C DCN6727
CHAPTER 2 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Use the information in this chapter to unpack and set up the Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651. Packing List The packing list described in Table 2-1 shows the components shipped with the Model 651. Table 2-2 shows the components included in the Model 651 Maintenance Kit. Table 2-1 Model 651 Packing List Qty.
Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Table 2-2 Model 651 Maintenance Kit PN DU0000169 Qty. 1 3 1 1 Part Number DU0000150 DU0000234 DU0000161 DU0000162 1 DU0000163 1 12 1 DU0000157 DU0000158 DU0000178 Description Static Dissipative Sample Inlet Tubing (3M) Filter Replacements M651 Replacement Critical Flow Control Orifice .005 inch Replacement Critical Transport Flow Control Orifice .0095 inch Replacement Critical Auxiliary Flow Control Orifice .
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Installation I M P O R T A N T The wick used in the M651 must be changed every 4 weeks (800 hours), and distilled (<6 ppm) or HPLC water must be used as the water source. Follow the instructions in Chapter 9 for wick replacement. This section contains instructions for installing the Model 651 instrument. Follow the instructions in the order given.
Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 To connect the water supply, follow these instructions: 1. Using a 7/64 inch hex driver, mount the water supply bottle bracket to the front or back of the particle counter using the provided bottle bracket mounting screws. The figure below shows the bracket mounted on the back. Bracket Screw Figure 2-1 Connecting the Water Supply 2.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 WATER FILL Fitting WATER EXHAUST Fitting Figure 2-2 Water Fill and Water Exhaust Fittings Connecting the Water Exhaust Tube The waste water should pass into a suitable drain such as a floor drain or a vented container. To connect the drain tube: 1. Push the connector on the supplied length of drain tubing into the WATER EXHAUST fitting on the back panel. 2.
Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Using a sampling system connected directly to the aerosol inlet. Environmental monitoring using tubing connected directly to the aerosol inlet. I M P O R T A N T The gauge pressure of the sampled aerosol must be within +4/-20 in. H2O pressure relative to the ambient pressure. Pressures outside of this range will result in water-handling failures. To set up the aerosol supply, follow these instructions: 1.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Elbow Tube Inlet Screen Assembly Captive Screw Figure 2-4 Connecting the Aerosol Supply to Inlet Screen Assembly 5. Turn the captive screws to secure the inlet screen assembly in place. Tighten with hex key (supplied with the instrument). Nozzle Figure 2-5 Securing Inlet Screen Assembly in Place 6. If you have not already done so, remove the protective cap from the VACUUM inlet on the back panel.
Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 7. Connect an external vacuum source to the VACUUM inlet using the vacuum tubing provided with the instrument, and a 9/16inch wrench to tighten the Swagelok® fitting. Vacuum Inlet Figure 2-6 Connecting External Vacuum Source Installing the Model 651 in a Rack Before you can install the Model 651 instrument in a rack, you must attach the rack-mount brackets.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Figure 2-7 Installing Model 651 in a Rack 2. Place the Model 651 in the rack. W A R N I N G When mounting the instrument in a rack location be certain that the back panel power on/off switch is accessible or that a readily accessible means of disconnecting power is provided. Connecting the USB Cable Connect the provided USB cable to the USB connector on the back panel of the Model 651.
Unpacking and Setting Up the Model 651 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 W A R N I N G Connection to an improperly grounded electrical source may cause a severe shock hazard—ensure that the ground is secure. 3. Turn on the instrument. The Home screen appears on the display and reads Warmup. During the warm-up process, status messages are displayed at the top left of the home screen. Figure 2-8 Warm-up Screen 4.
CHAPTER 3 Moving and Shipping the Model 651 Use the information in this chapter to prepare the Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 for moving or shipping. Caution- Prevent Damage and Avoid Invalidating the Warranty. The Model 651 operates using water as a working fluid. Do not tip the instrument more than 10 degrees during normal operation or you may flood the optical system. Do not: Ship an “undried” instrument. Transport an “undried” instrument over long distances.
Moving and Shipping the Model 651 Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 7. With the inlet screen assembly securely in place, carefully place the instrument in the original packing materials. (Detailed instructions for attaching the inlet screen assembly are given in Chapter 2, “Connecting the Aerosol Supply”.) The Model 651 is now ready for shipping or storage.
CHAPTER 4 Instrument Description Use the information in this chapter to become familiar with the location and function of controls, indicators, and connectors on the Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651. Front Panel The main components of the front panel are shown in the figure below.
Instrument Description Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Status Messages Status messages display at the top of the home screen.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Instrument Description Back Panel The main components of the back panel are shown in the figure below. Components include power and data connections, analog input/output connections, and water and sample inlets/outlets.
Instrument Description Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Internal Instrument Components Internal components are described in this section and identified in the photos below. Filters (x3) Figure 4-3 Model 651 Internal Components (viewed from instrument front) Optics Module The optics module detects particle droplets from the growth tube. The optics module contains a laser, photodetector, and the optics, as well as the detector and optics circuit boards.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Instrument Description SETUP screen) is an electronic valve used to turn on/off the vacuum from the external source. Water System The water separator removes water from the vapor stream coming from the optics head. This prevents water from condensing and blocking the flow orifices. Water from the separator is pumped out by the water ejector pump. The instrument flow orifices operate under critical pressure with flow determined by the orifice diameter.
Instrument Description Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Data Communication Ports USB Communication Port The Model 651 provides a USB port for communications use. RS-232 Serial Connections The Model 651 provides one standard, 9-pin RS-232 serial port that allows communication between a computer and the particle monitor.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Instrument Description The pulse output is a way to get raw particle count information. This information is also available through serial command. Using the SM or SSTART,3 command, described in Appendix B, you can read raw, uncorrected, particle counts.
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CHAPTER 5 Instrument Operation This chapter describes the basic operation of the Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 and describes how to use the controls, indicators, and connectors found on the front and back panels. Operating Precautions Read the following before applying power to the particle monitor: Review the operating specifications for the Model 651 described in Appendix A. Do not operate the Model 651 at temperatures outside the range of 10C to 35C.
Instrument Operation Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Follow the startup advice contained in the Quick Start Guide (shipped with the instrument). Standard Operation Procedures Perform these standard procedures every 4 weeks (800 hours): Replace the wick. Check the flow using a volumetric flowmeter. Fill the water bottle with 1 liter of distilled (<6 ppm) or HPLC water. Do not use tap water.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Instrument Operation Warm-up When you have successfully made all the connections described in the Installation section of Chapter 2, and turned on the power, the Home screen appears on the display and reads Warmup. When the warm-up process is complete, and the optics and growth tube temperatures are within two degrees of their standard operating temperatures, the display reads Ready.
Instrument Operation Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Press MORE on the first Status screen to see the ADDITIONAL STATUS settings. The photos below show the STATUS and ADDITIONAL STATUS screens. The Status screens display the following information: 46 Status Description Concentration Represented in particles/cm3 Pulse Height The signal height in mV. The pulse height varies with particle concentration and is useful for indicating problems with the wick.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Instrument Operation Status Description Nozzle Pressure The pressure difference upstream and downstream of the optics assembly. Should be 100% - a 10% drop in nozzle pressure indicates a nozzle clog. Separator Temp Temperature of the Separator in degrees Celsius. A normal Separator temperature is 7°C. Cabinet Temp Temperature inside the Model 651 cabinet. Laser Current The operating current of the laser in mA.
Instrument Operation Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 The following pages contain descriptions of the SETUP options. SAMPLE TIME SETUP | SAMPLE TIME Select a sample time in seconds for the on-screen graph. Press the SAMPLE TIME button to scroll through the settings. Sample Time choices are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, and 60 seconds. If you intend to gather data for long periods of time, use the longer sample times to reduce the number of data files.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Instrument Operation SET TIME SETUP | SET TIME Allows you to select the date (year, month, and day) and time (hour, minute, and second) for data collection. To set the date and time, follow these instructions: 1. Touch the screen option you wish to change. In the photo below, the Year is active (indicated by the line below the number) and ready to be changed. 2. Use the arrows to scroll through the different settings. 3.
Instrument Operation Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 On this screen, only the network setting has been specified. On this screen all network settings have been specified. ADDRESS SETUP | NETWORK SETUP | ADDRESS Allows you to specify an IP address for your network. To set the IP Address, follow these instructions: 1. Press the numbers on the on-screen keypad. 2. When you have selected all the numbers, press ENTER. The IP Address is now recorded and displayed on the screen. 3.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Instrument Operation MASK SETUP | NETWORK SETUP | MASK Allows you to specify the network mask. Note: The Mask must match the size of your network. A typical setting is 255.255.255.0 for a small network. To set the Mask, follow the instructions for using the onscreen keypad to set the IP Address. GATEWAY SETUP | NETWORK SETUP | GATEWAY Allows you to specify the network gateway device.
Instrument Operation Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Note: If you go to another screen on the display, the TOTALIZER continues to run, it can only be stopped by pressing STOP TOTALIZER.
CHAPTER 6 Technical Description The Model 651 is a continuous-flow, water-based, condensation particle counter that detects particles down to <7 nm at a sample flow rate of 0.12 L/min. This section describes the function of the particle counter, its subsystems and its components. A discussion of operation theory is given first. Theory The Model 651 acts very much like an optical particle counter. However, the particles are first enlarged by a condensing vapor to form easily detectable droplets.
Technical Description Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 where = surface tension of the condensing fluid M = molecular weight of the condensing fluid = density of the condensing fluid R = universal gas constant T = absolute temperature d = Kelvin diameter The higher the saturation ratio, the smaller the Kelvin diameter. The saturation vapor pressure Ps is defined for a flat liquid surface.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Technical Description The sample flow is cooled with a thermoelectric device in the conditioner. The vapor passes into the growth tube where it becomes supersaturated and condenses onto the aerosol particles (acting as condensation nuclei) to form larger droplets. The droplets pass through a nozzle into the optical detector.
Technical Description Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Changes in optical alignment, laser power, operating temperatures, flow rates, presence of water, or optical cleanliness can all reduce pulse amplitude, therefore the pulse amplitude indicates the “health” of the WCPC. A peak-sense and hold circuit within the Model 651 measures the pulse amplitude of 50 particles/sec.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Technical Description The critical pressure ratio is found by dividing the absolute pressure downstream of the orifice PD, by the absolute pressure upstream of the orifice PU. This ratio must be below 0.528 for air. Critical pressure PD 0.528 PU The following pressure values are displayed on the Status screen and can affect the Model 651 flow. Pressure Value Description Vacuum The vacuum pressure Inlet Pressure The inlet pressure.
Technical Description Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 The Inlet Pressure reading is displayed on the Status screen on the front-panel display. Water Removal System The Model 651 has a water separator and ejection system to remove water from the vapor stream exiting the optics assembly. The water separator condenses the water vapor and then the collected water is ejected through the WATER EXHAUST port on the back panel and away from the internal flow control orifices.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Technical Description Figure 6-1 Counting Efficiency Curve of Model 651 Figure 6-2 Response Time of Model 651 07506C DCN6727 59
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CHAPTER 7 Particle Counting This chapter discusses particle counting and particle count measurements performed using the Ultrafine Particle Monitor Model 651. The Model 651 has two modes for particle counting: Concentration mode, where data is presented as particle concentration in particles/cm3, updated each second on the display (the maximum time resolution is one second). Totalizer mode, where total particle counts are accumulated and presented each second.
Particle Counting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 In totalizer mode, the accuracy of the concentration is increased by sampling for a longer period and counting more particles. The concentration is displayed on the front panel in totalizer mode and is calculated by: concentration total counts n volume of aerosol flow in the sensor Q t where Q = Sample flow rate ration. It is very close to its nominal value of 0.12 L/min. t = sample time in sec.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Particle Counting Concentration Measurement The Model 651 can report particle concentration values in the following ways: On the front-panel display. On the Totalizer display. Using the data communications ports. Particle concentration is presented as particles per cubic centimeter (p/cm3).
Particle Counting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 for increased statistical precision at low particle concentrations through the use of longer sample times. When a particle enters the optical viewing volume and is being detected, no other particles can be counted. As the particle concentration increases, the amount of time blocked by the presence of particles becomes significant.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Particle Counting Totalizer Mode The Totalizer mode counts the number of particles in a given time period. This mode is used primarily to improve counting resolution at very low particle concentrations, but it can also be used to take an average over a user-specified time period. The time, number of counts, accumulated sample volume, and particle concentration are shown on the display.
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CHAPTER 8 Computer Interface, Commands, and Data Collection This chapter provides information about the computer interface, communications information, and data collection for the Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651. Information about using a Flash Drive is also provided. Computer Interface The Model 651 provides four interfaces to allow for flexible data collection and instrument control.
Computer Interface, Commands, and Data Collection Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 To enable Telnet in Windows 7 operating system, follow these instructions: 1. From the Start menu, choose Control Panel and then choose Programs and Features. 2. Choose Turn Windows features on or off. 3. Choose Telnet Client and then click OK. A dialog box appears confirming the installation of new features. To monitor system status using the Telnet client, follow these instructions: 1.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Computer Interface, Commands, and Data Collection Figure 8-1 Screen Showing Valid Network Connection Flash Drives The Model 651 can store particle concentration data and analog input data to a flash drive inserted into the USB slot. Note: Flash drives >16 Gigabytes may not be recognized. To insert a Flash drive, follow these instructions: 1. Plug the Flash drive into the USB Flash Drive port on the back panel of the Model 651.
Computer Interface, Commands, and Data Collection Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Notes: Data records written to the flash drive are also echoed out of the Ethernet interface on the Telnet socket. This allows redundant external data collection to be performed with the Ethernet connection while data is being collected by the flash drive. You cannot change the SAMPLE TIME while data is being logged - you must stop logging data first. 4. Press STOP to discontinue data logging at any time.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Computer Interface, Commands, and Data Collection Example of data record: TSI CPC DATA VERSION 3 1268228469,2010/3/10,13:41:09 60 1.00,120 Model 651 Ver 1.00 S/N 123456 "Date","Time","Concentration","Count"," LiveTime","Blank","Abs Press"," Analog In","Pulse Height"," Pulse STD","Status Flags" 2010/3/10,13:41:57,2.15e4,2522183,58.62,,970,0.00,567,600,0 2010/3/10,13:41:57,2.32e4,2719488,58.51,,970,0.00,607,595,0 2010/3/10,13:42:57,2.15e4,2530791,58.
Computer Interface, Commands, and Data Collection Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 USB USB communications are available with the Model 651. USB driver software must be installed on the host computer. For Windows® operating systems the drivers may be downloaded from the USB chip manufacturer’s site at: http://www.ftdichip.com/Drivers/VCP.htm To install the USB driver, follow these instructions: 1. Find the appropriate driver for the host computer’s operating system. 2.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Computer Interface, Commands, and Data Collection Table 8-1 Signal Connections for RS-232 Configurations Pin Number RS-232 Signal 2 RXD (Input to Model 651) 3 TXD (Output from Model 651) 5 GND An external computer can be connected to the Serial or USB ports for basic instrument communications.
Computer Interface, Commands, and Data Collection Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Model 651 in the terminal emulation software. This is because, although the Model 651 and computer are communicating, the command is not understood. You can ignore this error message – it is only used for testing the connectivity.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Computer Interface, Commands, and Data Collection To use the read and set commands, a program capable of sending and receiving ASCII text commands can be used. A terminal program such as HyperTerm (supplied with Windows® XP operating system) is appropriate. To use Hyperterm, follow the instructions below for Windows® XP operating system. Other OS versions may require that you download a terminal program such as TeraTerm, but the steps are similar. 1.
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CHAPTER 9 Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting This chapter describes recommended maintenance procedures and is intended to be used by a service technician with skills in both electronics and mechanics. Static preventative measures should be observed when handling any printed circuit board connectors. Regular maintenance of the Model 651 instrument will help ensure years of useful operation; however, the frequency of service depends upon the frequency of use and the cleanliness of the air measured.
Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Removing the Cover When you remove the Model 651 cover to perform service or maintenance, follow the instructions below: 1. Read the warnings and cautions at the beginning of this chapter. 2. Unplug the instrument and remove the instrument cover by loosening the eight side panel screws. 3. Lift the cover up.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting Removing and Installing the Wick The wick should be replaced every 4 weeks (800 hours). To replace a wick, follow these instructions: 1. Unscrew the top of the spare wick cartridge and insert a new, dry replacement wick. Figure 9-1 Loading New Wick Into Spare Wick Cartridge 2. With the Model 651 powered on, disconnect the water supply. 3. Press SETUP and turn the VACUUM to OFF. 4.
Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Jack Screw Hex Wrench Figure 9-3 Nozzle Jack Screw 6. Insert spare wick cartridge loaded with a new wick (wick inserted in Step 1) into the inlet assembly. N o t e It is important that the flow path through the wick is uniform and clear of obstruction.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting Changing the Filters The Model 651 contains three filters. The filters should be replaced as part of the annual service. To replace a filter, follow these instructions: 1. Turn off the power to the Model 651. 2. Remove the instrument cover. 3. Remove the filter from the filter clip.
Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 4. Noting the direction of flow, push the ends (easier than pulling) of the tubing off both ends of the filter (Figure 9-6). 5. Attach the tubing to a new filter making sure the flow direction matches that of the filter you removed. 6. Remove the filter inline filter screen. 7. Push the filter into the filter clip. 8. Replace the instrument cover.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting Figure 9-7 Model 651 Flow Schematic The instructions below describe the procedure for checking the aerosol sample flow. Use a similar procedure to check the auxiliary and transport flows. To check the aerosol flow, follow these instructions: 1. With the instrument powered on, press SETUP on the Home screen, then press INLET FLOW. 2. Select 0.12 L/min as the setting.
Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 instrument Flow Constant status value on the ADDITIONAL STATUS screen. 3. Attach an accurate external flow meter such as a bubble meter, or Gilibrator (brand), or BGI Tetracal (available from TAPI), to either the Model 651 sample inlet or the aerosol inlet and measure the inlet flow. Aerosol Inlet Figure 9-8 External Flow Meter Attached to Model 651 4.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting Inspecting and Cleaning the Fans The fans should not require much maintenance, but it is beneficial to perform a visual inspection at intervals to check for dust build up. If any of the fans are dusty, blow them clean with compressed air. Clean/Replace the Orifices The Model 651 has three orifices: Sample flow orifice (0.12 L/min) Transport flow orifice (0.
Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Note the orientation of the orifice. Orifice Insert Figure 9-10 Orifice Insert 3. Grasp the tubing on either side of the orifice and pull firmly to detach the tubing from the orifice. 4. Using a microscope, inspect the orifice. If debris is present, soak the orifice in isopropyl alcohol for 20 minutes. Inspect the Orifice Figure 9-11 Inspect Orifice 5.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting Status Messages Status messages display at the top of the Home screen. The messages are described below.
Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Troubleshooting The STATUS screen displays the status of the operating parts in live-time. The table below provides basic information about some status messages and suggestions for corrective action. Table 9-2 Troubleshooting Problem Nozzle fault indicated on the Home screen and low Nozzle Pressure (<50%) indicated on the Status screen.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Problem Home screen displays Inlet Pressure Fault. Status screen displays a low inlet pressure reading (in red). Cause There is an obstruction in the aerosol or Model 651 inlet. The instrument was flooded. Environmental temperature or humidity is too high or too low. Note: If the instrument was flooded, you will also see water in the tubing and high nozzle pressure readings. Status screen indicates Water Reservoir Not Filled.
Maintenance, Service, and Troubleshooting Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Technical Assistance If this manual and its troubleshooting / repair sections do not solve your problems, technical assistance may be obtained from: Teledyne API, Technical Support, 9480 Carroll Park Drive San Diego, California 92121-5201USA Toll-free Phone: 800-324-5190 Phone: 858-657-9800 Fax: 858-657-9816 Email: Website: sda_techsupport@teledyne.com http://www.teledyne-api.
Chapter 10 Primer on ElectroStatic Discharge Teledyne API considers the prevention of damage caused by the discharge of static electricity to be extremely important part of making sure that your analyzer continues to provide reliable service for a long time. This section describes how static electricity occurs, why it is so dangerous to electronic components and assemblies as well as how to prevent that damage from occurring.
Primer on Electro-Static Discharge Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 If one of the surfaces is a poor conductor or even a good conductor that is not grounded, the resulting positive or negative charge cannot bleed off and becomes trapped in place, or static. The most common example of triboelectric charging happens when someone wearing leather or rubber soled shoes walks across a nylon carpet or linoleum tiled floor.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Primer on Electro-Static Discharge Table10-2 Sensitivity of Electronic Devices to Damage by ESD DAMAGE SUSCEPTIBILITY VOLTAGE RANGE DEVICE DAMAGE BEGINS OCCURRING AT CATASTROPHIC DAMAGE AT MOSFET 10 100 VMOS 30 1800 NMOS 60 100 GaAsFET 60 2000 EPROM 100 100 JFET 140 7000 SAW 150 500 Op-AMP 190 2500 CMOS 200 3000 Schottky Diodes 300 2500 Film Resistors 300 3000 This Film Resistors 300 7000 ECL 500 500 SCR 500 10
Primer on Electro-Static Discharge Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Common Myths About ESD Damage • I didn’t feel a shock so there was no electro-static discharge: The human nervous system isn’t able to feel a static discharge of less than 3500 volts. Most devices are damaged by discharge levels much lower than that.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Primer on Electro-Static Discharge Basic Principles of Static Control It is impossible to stop the creation of instantaneous static electric charges. It is not, however difficult to prevent those charges from building to dangerous levels or prevent damage due to electro-static discharge from occurring. General Rules Only handle or work on all electronic assemblies at a properly set up ESD station.
Primer on Electro-Static Discharge Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 large enough to damage a component can rebuild in just a few seconds. • Always store sensitive components and assemblies in anti-ESD storage bags or bins: Even when you are not working on them, store all devices and assemblies in a closed anti-Static bag or bin. This will prevent induced charges from building up on the device or assembly and nearby static fields from discharging through it.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Primer on Electro-Static Discharge Basic Anti-ESD Procedures for Instrument Repair and Maintenance Working at the Instrument Rack When working on the instrument while it is in the instrument rack and plugged into a properly grounded power supply. 1. Attach your anti-ESD wrist strap to ground before doing anything else. • Use a wrist strap terminated with an alligator clip and attach it to a bare metal portion of the instrument chassis.
Primer on Electro-Static Discharge Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 5. Place any static sensitive devices or assemblies in anti-static storage bags or bins and close the bag or bin before unplugging your wrist strap. 6. Disconnecting your wrist strap is always the last action taken before leaving the workbench. Transferring Components from Rack to Bench and Back When transferring a sensitive device from an installed Teledyne API analyzer to an Anti-ESD workbench or back: 1.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Primer on Electro-Static Discharge against each other. To prevent these static charges from damaging the components or assemblies being shipped ensure that you always unpack shipments from Teledyne API’s Customer Service by: 1. Opening the outer shipping box away from the anti-ESD work area. 2. Carry the still sealed ant-ESD bag, tube or bin to the anti-ESD work area. 3. Follow steps 6 and 7 of Section 15.5.
Primer on Electro-Static Discharge Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 7. Place the item in the container. 8. Seal the container. If using a bag, fold the end over and fastening it with anti-ESD tape. • Folding the open end over isolates the component(s) inside from the effects of static fields. • Leaving the bag open or simply stapling it shut without folding it closed prevents the bag from forming a complete protective envelope around the device.
Firmware Commands APPENDIX A The firmware commands are divided into the categories described below. Commands Description READ Used to read parameters from the instrument (such as flow rate, pressure, temperature, etc.). READ commands can be identified by a leading "R". SET Set an internal parameter to the value(s) supplied with the command (supplied parameters are always delimited by a comma). SET commands can be identified by a leading "S".
APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Table A-1 Model 651 Command Read Commands RAI RALL RCT RD RIE RIF RIS RL RLL RPA RPN RPV RRD RRS RTA RTC RTG RTO RV Set Commands SM SA SFC SP SR SSTART ST SW SWS A-2 Firmware Commands Explanation Read Analog Input Voltage Read Operating Condition Read Current Time Read Displayed Concentration Read Instrument Errors Read Inlet Flow Rate Read Instrument Status Read Laser Current Reads Liquid Level Read Absolute Pressure Read N
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands READ Commands Read Commands are used to display specific data values. The values, associated parameters, responses returned by the Model 651, and examples are given on the following pages. RAI – Read Analog Input Voltage RAI reads the analog input voltage in V. 07506C DCN6727 RAI Command Response RAI X Example Command Response RAI 5.22 X = analog input ZZAs (a floating point number from 0.00 to 10.
APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 RALL – Read Operating Condition RALL reads the Model 651’s operating condition, calibration parameters, and diagnostic parameters. RALL Command Response Example Command Response RALL X RALL X = a list of operating condition, calibration parameters, and diagnostic parameters (see below) Read Analog Input Voltage Model 651 Ver 1.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands RCT – Read Current Time RCT reads the current time.
APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 RIE – Read Instrument Errors RIE reads the instrument errors (displayed as a 16-bit integer in hexadecimal format). The number may be a combination of the values of more than one flag. RIE Command Response RIE Bit 0 x XXXX Example Command Response RIE C00 Bit = Hexadecimal character A-F. When the bit is set, the parameter is in error.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands RIS – Read Instrument Status RIS reads the instrument status (displayed as 13 comma-separated fields). RIS Command Response Example Command Response RIS X RIS 0.00, 100, blank 1002, 100, 0.12, 0.00, 0, 60.0, 60.0, 20.0, 7.0, 0 X = 1-13 1 = Concentration (#/cm3) 2 = Livetime (%) 3 = Not used in Model 651 4 = Inlet Pressure (mBar) 5 = Nozzle Pressure (%) 6 = Inlet Flow Mode (0.12, 0.6, 3.
APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 RLL – Read Liquid Level RLL reads the liquid level. RLL Command Response Example Command Response RLL FULL/NOTFULL X RLL FULL (2471) X = ADC reading from 0 to 4095 Read Liquid Level FULL – water level ADC - 2471 RPA – Read Absolute Pressure Transducer RPA reads the absolute pressure transducer in mbars.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands RRD – Read Data Record RRD returns the current data values in the “D” record format. Data records are collected according to the time period you have specified for the data collection interval.
APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 RRS – Read Status Record RRS returns the current raw analog values in “S” record format for diagnostic use.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands RTG – Read Growth Tube Temperature RTG reads the Growth Tube temperature in degrees Celsius. RTG Command Response Example Command Response RTG X X = Floating point number from 0.0 to 80.0 RTG 60.0 Read Growth Tube Temperature 60.0°C RTO – Read Optics Temperature RTO reads the optics temperature in degrees Celsius. RTO Command Response Example Command Response RTO X X = Floating point number from 0.0 to 80.0 RTO 60.
APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 SET Commands Set commands are used to set instrument parameters and data collection modes. You will use the Set Mode (SM) command to control data collection. SM – Set Mode SM is used to set the data collection mode and the sample interval. At the end of each sample interval, the data are reported and, if in a continuous mode, the data are cleared internally and the next sample is started.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands SA – Set Auxiliary Flow Valve SA is used to turn the auxiliary flow valve on or off. When the Model 651 is powered off, the setting is saved (it does not revert to the default). SA Command Response Example Command Response Command Response SA,x OK SA,0 OK SA 0 x = 0 turns valve off x = 1 turns valve on Response issued after parameters changed. Turns the valve off.
APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 SP – Set Pump Vacuum SP is used to turn the pump vacuum on or off. The default setting at power-up is On. When the Model 651 is powered off, the setting is saved (it does not revert to the default). SP Command Response Example Command Response Command Response SP,x OK SP,0 OK SP 0 x = 0 turns vacuum off x = 1 turns vacuum on Response issued after parameters changed. Turns the vacuum off.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands SSTART – Starts a New Sample SSTART is used to start a new sample routine. SSTART Command Response Example Command Response Command Response Command Response SSTART,x OK SSTART,0 OK SSTART,3 OK SSTART 3 U X C R X T D P AN HM HS IS X = 0,1,2,3 0 = Stop 1 = Start data type 1 (not used) 2 = Start data type 2 (not used) 3 = Start new sample Response issued after parameters changed. Stops sample. Starts new sample.
APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 ST – Set Transport Flow ST is used to turn the transport flow on or off. The default setting at power-up is On. When the Model 651 is powered off, the setting is saved (it does not revert to the default). ST Command Response Example Command Response Command Response ST,x OK ST,0 OK ST 0 x = 0 turns flow off x = 1 turns flow on Response issued after parameters changed. Turns the flow off.
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 APPENDIX A Firmware Commands D Record D records contain the following information: D Record identifier Date Date in yyyy/mm/dd format Time Time in hh:mm:ss format Flags Status Flags (see information in RIE command description) Conc Aggregated concentration calculated by dividing the accumulated aggregate counts by the live-time of the sample flow rate (2 cm3/sec). The aggregated counts and live-times are accumulated each 1/10th second interval.
APPENDIX A Firmware Commands Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 S Record (Status) S records are displayed on the Text tab when you enter the command RRS in the Firmware Command field. They display status information.
Index A absolute pressure fault........................................................ 44 additional status screen........................................................... 54 aerosol flow check.................................................................................. 92 aerosol flow rate.................................................................... 25 aerosol gauge pressure ...................................................... 36 aerosol inlet ..............................................
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 Ethernet interface.............................................................. 25 Ethernet port........................................................................... 49 external flow meter............................................................... 94 external vacuum source connect........................................................................... 38 F false background counts.......................................................
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 moving ................................................................................... 41 N network how to set up.................................................................... 58 network address how to change ................................................................. 59 network gateway how to change ................................................................. 59 network mask how to change ............................................
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 RS-232 interface ................................................................ 25 RS-232 serial cable ............................................................. 31 RS-232 serial port ............................................................ 48, 82 RTA command ......................................................................... 9 RTC command ......................................................................... 9 RTG command ..............
Teledyne API Ultrafine Particle Monitor - Model 651 vacuum inlet ............................................................... 37, 38, 45 vacuum pump tubing........................................................... 31 vacuum supply ................................................................. 46, 66 valid network connection ..................................................... 79 W warmup ................................................................................. 44 warm-up ..................
