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LM2599

www.ti.com

SNVS123C –APRIL 1998–REVISED APRIL 2013

LM2599 SIMPLE SWITCHER

Power Converter 150 kHz 3A Step-Down Voltage Regulator,

with Features

Check for Samples: LM2599

FEATURES

DESCRIPTION

The LM2599 series of regulators are monolithic

• 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and Adjustable Output Versions

integrated circuits that provide all the active functions

• Adjustable Version Output Voltage Range,

for a step-down (buck) switching regulator, capable of

1.2V to 37V ±4% Max Over Line and Load

driving a 3A load with excellent line and load

Conditions

regulation. These devices are available in fixed output

voltages of 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and an adjustable output

• Ensured 3A Output Current

version.

• Available in 7-Pin TO-220 and TO-263 (Surface

Mount) Package

This series of switching regulators is similar to the

LM2596 series, with additional supervisory and

• Input Voltage Range Up to 40V

performance features added.

• 150 kHz Fixed Frequency Internal Oscillator

Requiring a minimum number of external

• Shutdown/Soft-start

components, these regulators are simple to use and

• Out of Regulation Error Flag

include internal frequency compensation†, improved

• Error Output Delay

line and load specifications, fixed-frequency oscillator,

Shutdown/Soft-start, error flag delay and error flag

• Low Power Standby Mode, I

Typically 80 μA

output.

• High Efficiency

The LM2599 series operates at a switching frequency

• Uses Readily Available Standard Inductors

of 150 kHz thus allowing smaller sized filter

• Thermal Shutdown and Current Limit

components than what would be needed with lower

Protection

frequency switching regulators. Available in a

standard 7-lead TO-220 package with several

APPLICATIONS

different lead bend options, and a 7-lead TO-263

Surface mount package.

• Simple High-Efficiency Step-down (Buck)

Regulator

A standard series of inductors (both through hole and

surface mount types) are available from several

• Efficient Pre-Regulator for Linear Regulators

different manufacturers optimized for use with the

• On-Card Switching Regulators

LM2599 series. This feature greatly simplifies the

• Positive to Negative Converter

design of switch-mode power supplies.

Other features include an ensured ±4% tolerance on

output voltage under all conditions of input voltage

and output load conditions, and ±15% on the

oscillator frequency. External shutdown is included,

featuring typically 80 μA standby current. Self

protection features include a two stage current limit

for the output switch and an over temperature

shutdown for complete protection under fault

conditions.

(1)

(1) † Patent Number 5,382,918.

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of

Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

2SIMPLE SWITCHER is a registered trademark of Texas Instruments.

3All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.

Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas

Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not

necessarily include testing of all parameters.

Summary of content (44 pages)

PAGE 1
LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 LM2599 SIMPLE SWITCHER® Power Converter 150 kHz 3A Step-Down Voltage Regulator, with Features Check for Samples: LM2599 FEATURES DESCRIPTION • • The LM2599 series of regulators are monolithic integrated circuits that provide all the active functions for a step-down (buck) switching regulator, capable of driving a 3A load with excellent line and load regulation. These devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Typical Application (Fixed Output Voltage Versions) Connection Diagrams Figure 1. Bent and Staggered Leads, Through Hole Package 7-Lead TO-220 (NDZ) Package Number NDZ0007B Figure 2. Surface Mount Package 7-Lead TO-263 (KTW) Package Number KTW0007B These devices have limited built-in ESD protection.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) (2) Maximum Supply Voltage (VIN) SD /SS Pin Input Voltage Delay Pin Voltage 45V (3) 6V (3) 1.5V −0.3 ≤ V ≤45V Flag Pin Voltage −0.3 ≤ V ≤+25V Feedback Pin Voltage Output Voltage to Ground −1V (Steady State) Power Dissipation Internally limited −65°C to +150°C Storage Temperature Range ESD Susceptibility Human Body Model (4) 2 kV Lead Temperature KTW Package Vapor Phase (60 sec.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com LM2599-5.0 Electrical Characteristics Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25°C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range. Symbol Parameter Conditions LM2599-5.0 Typ Limit (1) SYSTEM PARAMETERS VOUT (3) 7V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V, 0.2A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 3A Efficiency (1) (2) (3) (2) Test Circuit Figure 24 Output Voltage η Units (Limits) VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 3A 5 V 4.800/4.750 V(min) 5.200/5.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 LM2599-ADJ Electrical Characteristics Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25°C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range. Symbol Parameter Conditions LM2599-ADJ Typ (1) SYSTEM PARAMETERS VFB (3) 4.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V, 0.2A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 3A 1.230 VOUT programmed for 3V. Circuit of Figure 24.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com All Output Voltage Versions Electrical Characteristics (continued) Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25°C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range. Unless otherwise specified, VIN = 12V for the 3.3V, 5V, and Adjustable version and VIN = 24V for the 12V version.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Typical Performance Characteristics (Circuit of Figure 24) Normalized Output Voltage Line Regulation Figure 3. Figure 4. Efficiency Switch Saturation Voltage Figure 5. Figure 6. Switch Current Limit Dropout Voltage Figure 7. Figure 8.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) (Circuit of Figure 24) 8 Operating Quiescent Current Shutdown Quiescent Current Figure 9. Figure 10. Minimum Operating Supply Voltage Feedback Pin Bias Current Figure 11. Figure 12. Flag Saturation Voltage Switching Frequency Figure 13. Figure 14.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) (Circuit of Figure 24) Soft-start Shutdown /Soft-start Current Figure 15. Figure 16. Daisy Pin Current Soft-start Response Figure 17. Figure 18. Shutdown/Soft-start Threshold Voltage Continuous Mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 20V, VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 2A L = 32 μH, COUT = 220 μF, COUT ESR = 50 mΩ Figure 19. A: Output Pin Voltage, 10V/div. B: Inductor Current 1A/div.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) (Circuit of Figure 24) Discontinuous Mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 20V, VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 500 mA L = 10 μH, COUT = 330 μF, COUT ESR = 45 mΩ A: Output Pin Voltage, 10V/div. B: Inductor Current 0.5A/div. C: Output Ripple Voltage, 100 mV/div. Figure 21. Horizontal Time Base: 2 μs/div.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Test Circuit and Layout Guidelines Fixed Output Voltage Versions Component Values shown are for VIN = 15V, VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 3A. CIN — 470 μF, 50V, Aluminum Electrolytic Nichicon “PL Series” COUT — 220 μF, 25V Aluminum Electrolytic, Nichicon “PL Series” D1 — 5A, 40V Schottky Rectifier, 1N5825 L1 — 68 μH, L38 Typical Values CSS — 0.1 μF CDELAY — 0.1 μF RPull Up — 4.7k Adjustable Output Voltage Versions where VREF = 1.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com As in any switching regulator, layout is very important. Rapidly switching currents associated with wiring inductance can generate voltage transients which can cause problems. For minimal inductance and ground loops, the wires indicated by heavy lines should be wide printed circuit traces and should be kept as short as possible.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Table 1. LM2599 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Fixed Output) (continued) PROCEDURE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) 3. Catch Diode Selection (D1) A. The catch diode current rating must be at least 1.3 times greater than the maximum load current.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Table 2.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Table 3. LM2599 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Adjustable Output) (continued) PROCEDURE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) 2. Inductor Selection (L1) 2. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Calculate the inductor Volt • microsecond constant E • T (V • μs), A.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Table 3. LM2599 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Adjustable Output) (continued) PROCEDURE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) 5. Catch Diode Selection (D1) A. The catch diode current rating must be at least 1.3 times greater than the maximum load current.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Table 4. Output Capacitor and Feedforward Capacitor Selection Table (continued) Output Voltage (V) Through Hole Output Capacitor Surface Mount Output Capacitor Panasonic Nichicon PL Feedforward AVX TPS Sprague Feedforward HFQ Series Series Capacitor Series 595D Series Capacitor (μF/V) (μF/V) (μF/V) (μF/V) 9 330/25 330/25 1.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Table 5. Inductor Manufacturers Part Numbers Inductance (μH) Current (A) L15 22 L21 68 L22 Schott Renco Through Hole Pulse Engineering Surface Mount Through Hole Surface Mount Coilcraft Through Hole Surface Mount Surface Mount 0.99 67148350 67148460 RL-1284-22-43 RL1500-22 PE-53815 PE-53815-S DO3308-223 0.99 67144070 67144450 RL-5471-5 RL1500-68 PE-53821 PE-53821-S DO3316-683 47 1.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Table 7. Capacitor Manufacturers Phone Numbers (continued) AVX Corp. Sprague/Vishay Phone (803) 448-9411 FAX (803) 448-1943 Phone (207) 324-4140 FAX (207) 324-7223 Table 8.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com APPLICATION INFORMATION PIN DESCRIPTIONS +VIN (Pin 1) This is the positive input supply for the IC switching regulator. A suitable input bypass capacitor must be present at this pin to minimize voltage transients and to supply the switching currents needed by the regulator. Ground (Pin 4) Circuit ground. Output (Pin 2) Internal switch. The voltage at this pin switches between approximately (+VIN − VSAT) and approximately −0.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 If the part is operated with an input voltage at or below the internal soft-start clamp voltage of approximately 7V, the voltage on the SD/SS pin tracks the input voltage and can be disturbed by a step in the voltage. To maintain proper function under these conditions, it is strongly recommended that the SD/SS pin be clamped externally between the 3V maximum soft-start threshold and the 4.5V minimum input voltage.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure 30. Timing Diagram for 5V Output VIN LM2599 5 Q1 SD/SS CSS Z1 3V Figure 31. External 3.7V Soft-Start Clamp DELAY CAPACITOR CDELAY — Provides delay for the error flag output. See the upper curve in Figure 29, and also refer to timing diagrams in Figure 30.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 CFF — A Feedforward Capacitor CFF, shown across R2 in Figure 24 is used when the output voltage is greater than 10V or when COUT has a very low ESR. This capacitor adds lead compensation to the feedback loop and increases the phase margin for better loop stability. For CFF selection, see the Design Procedure section.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure 33. Capacitor ESR vs Capacitor Voltage Rating (Typical Low ESR Electrolytic Capacitor) The consequences of operating an electrolytic capacitor above the RMS current rating is a shortened operating life. The higher temperature speeds up the evaporation of the capacitor's electrolyte, resulting in eventual failure. Selecting an input capacitor requires consulting the manufacturers data sheet for maximum allowable RMS ripple current.
PAGE 25
LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 An aluminum electrolytic capacitor's ESR value is related to the capacitance value and its voltage rating. In most cases, higher voltage electrolytic capacitors have lower ESR values (see Figure 33). Often, capacitors with much higher voltage ratings may be needed to provide the low ESR values required for low output ripple voltage.
PAGE 26
LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure 35. (ΔIIND) Peak-to-Peak Inductor Ripple Current (as a Percentage of the Load Current) vs Load Current By allowing the percentage of inductor ripple current to increase for low load currents, the inductor value and size can be kept relatively low.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Discontinuous operation can have voltage waveforms that are considerable different than a continuous design. The output pin (switch) waveform can have some damped sinusoidal ringing present. (See Typical Performance Characteristics photo titled Discontinuous Mode Switching Waveforms) This ringing is normal for discontinuous operation, and is not caused by feedback loop instabilities.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure 37. Peak-to-Peak Inductor Ripple Current vs Load Current When a switching regulator is operating in the continuous mode, the inductor current waveform ranges from a triangular to a sawtooth type of waveform (depending on the input voltage). For a given input and output voltage, the peak-to-peak amplitude of this inductor current waveform remains constant.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 1. Peak Inductor or peak switch current 2. Minimum load current before the circuit becomes discontinuous 3. Output Ripple Voltage = (ΔIIND)×(ESR of COUT) – = 0.62A×0.1Ω=62 mV p-p 4. added for line break OPEN CORE INDUCTORS Another possible source of increased output ripple voltage or unstable operation is from an open core inductor.
PAGE 30
LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com The curves shown in Figure 39 show the LM2599S (TO-263 package) junction temperature rise above ambient temperature with a 2A load for various input and output voltages. This data was taken with the circuit operating as a buck switching regulator with all components mounted on a pc board to simulate the junction temperature under actual operating conditions.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 For the best thermal performance, wide copper traces and generous amounts of printed circuit board copper should be used in the board layout. (One exception to this is the output (switch) pin, which should not have large areas of copper.) Large areas of copper provide the best transfer of heat (lower thermal resistance) to the surrounding air, and moving air lowers the thermal resistance even further.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com This reduction in start up current is useful in situations where the input power source is limited in the amount of current it can deliver. In some applications Soft-start can be used to replace undervoltage lockout or delayed startup functions. If a very slow output voltage ramp is desired, the Soft-start capacitor can be made much larger. Many seconds or even minutes are possible.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 The maximum voltage appearing across the regulator is the absolute sum of the input and output voltage, and this must be limited to a maximum of 40V. In this example, when converting +20V to −5V, the regulator would see 25V between the input pin and ground pin. The LM2599 has a maximum input voltage rating of 40V. Figure 44. Inverting Regulator Figure 45.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure 46. Undervoltage Lockout for a Buck Regulator Figure 47 and 30 apply the same feature to an inverting circuit. Figure 47 features a constant threshold voltage for turn on and turn off (zener voltage plus approximately one volt). If hysteresis is needed, the circuit in Figure 48 has a turn ON voltage which is different than the turn OFF voltage. The amount of hysteresis is approximately equal to the value of the output voltage.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure 49. Charge Pump for Generating a Low Current, Negative Output Voltage TYPICAL THROUGH HOLE PC BOARD LAYOUT, FIXED OUTPUT (1X SIZE), DOUBLE SIDED CIN: — 470 μF, 50V, Aluminum Electrolytic Panasonic, “HFQ Series” COUT: — 330 μF, 35V, Aluminum Electrolytic Panasonic, “HFQ Series” D1: — 5A, 40V Schottky Rectifier, 1N5825 L1: — 47 μH, L39, Renco, Through Hole RPULL UP: — 10k CDELAY: — 0.1 μF CSD/SS: — 0.
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LM2599 SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com TYPICAL THROUGH HOLE PC BOARD LAYOUT, ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT (1X SIZE), DOUBLE SIDED CIN: — 470 μF, 50V, Aluminum Electrolytic Panasonic, “HFQ Series” COUT: — 220 μF, 35V Aluminum Electrolytic Panasonic, “HFQ Series” D1: — 5A, 40V Schottky Rectifier, 1N5825 L1: — 47 μH, L39, Renco, Through Hole R1: — 1 kΩ, 1% R2: — Use formula in Design Procedure CFF: — See Figure 25.
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LM2599 www.ti.com SNVS123C – APRIL 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 REVISION HISTORY Changes from Revision B (April 2013) to Revision C • Page Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format ..........................................................................................................
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 1-Nov-2013 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (2) (6) (3) Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) LM2599S-12/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/ TO-263 KTW 7 45 Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2599S -12 P+ LM2599S-3.3 NRND DDPAK/ TO-263 KTW 7 45 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 LM2599S -3.3 P+ LM2599S-3.
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 1-Nov-2013 (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
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PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 23-Sep-2013 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Package Pins Type Drawing SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant LM2599SX-12/NOPB DDPAK/ TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2 LM2599SX-3.3/NOPB DDPAK/ TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2 LM2599SX-5.0/NOPB DDPAK/ TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.
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PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 23-Sep-2013 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) LM2599SX-12/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0 LM2599SX-3.3/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0 LM2599SX-5.0/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0 LM2599SX-ADJ/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.
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MECHANICAL DATA NDZ0007B TA07B (Rev E) www.ti.
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MECHANICAL DATA KTW0007B TS7B (Rev E) BOTTOM SIDE OF PACKAGE www.ti.
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