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LMD18400

www.ti.com

SNVS094C –JUNE 1996–REVISED APRIL 2013

LMD18400 Quad High Side Driver

Check for Samples: LMD18400

FEATURES

APPLICATIONS

• Four Independent Outputs with >3A Peak, 1A

• Relay and Solenoid Drivers

Continuous Current Capability

• High Impedance Automotive Fuel Injector

• 1.3Ω Maximum ON Resistance Over Drivers

Temperature

• Lamp Drivers

• True Instantaneous Power Limit for Each

• Power Supply Switching

Switch

• Motor Drivers

• High Survival Voltage (60 V

, 80V Transient)

• Shorted Load (to Ground and Supply) DESCRIPTION

Protection

The LMD18400 is a fully protected quad high side

driver. It contains four common-drain DMOS N-

• Overvoltage Shutdown at V

> 35V

channel power switches, each capable of switching a

• LS TTL/CMOS Compatible Logic Inputs and

continuous 1 Amp load (>3 Amps transient) to a

Outputs

common positive power supply. The switches are fully

• <10 µA Supply Current in “Sleep” Mode

protected from excessive voltage, current and

temperature. An instantaneous power sensing circuit

• −5V Output Clamp for Discharging Inductive

calculates the product of the voltage across and the

Loads

current through each DMOS switch and limits the

• Serial Data Interface for 11 Diagnostic Checks:

power to a safe level. The device can be disabled to

– Switch ON/OFF Status

produce a “sleep” condition reducing the supply

current to less than 10 µA. Separate ON/OFF control

– Open or Shorted Load

of each switch is provided through standard

– Operating Temperature

LSTLL/CMOS logic compatible inputs.

– Excessive Supply Voltage

A MICROWIRE compatible serial data interface is

• Two Direct-output Error Flags

built in to provide extensive diagnostic information.

This information includes switch status readback,

output load fault conditions and thermal and

overvoltage shutdown status. There are also two

direct-output error flags to provide an immediate

indication of a general system fault and an indication

of excessive operating temperature.

The LMD18400 is packaged in a special power

dissipating leadframe that reduces the junction to

case thermal resistance to approximately 20°C/W.

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of

Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

2All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.

Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas

Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not

necessarily include testing of all parameters.

Summary of content (26 pages)

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LMD18400 www.ti.com SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 LMD18400 Quad High Side Driver Check for Samples: LMD18400 FEATURES APPLICATIONS • • • 1 2 • • • • • • • • • • Four Independent Outputs with >3A Peak, 1A Continuous Current Capability 1.
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LMD18400 SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Typical Application Connection Diagram Figure 1.
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LMD18400 www.ti.com SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) (2) Supply Survival Voltage (Pin 20) Transient (t = 10 ms) 80V −0.5V to +60V Continuous Output Transient Current (Each Switch) 3.
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LMD18400 SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) VCC = 12V, CCP = 0.01 µFd, unless otherwise indicated. Boldface limits apply over the entire operating temperature range, −25°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C, all other limits are for TA = TJ = +25°C. Parameter Output Leakage Conditions (3) IOUT = 1A, Short Circuit Current VCC = 12V, VCC = 7V, (3) (3) VCC = 28V, Limit (2) Units (Limit) 0.01 300 µA (Max) 0.8 1.3 Ω (Max) 1.2 0.
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LMD18400 www.ti.com SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 TIMING SPECIFICATION DEFINITIONS Figure 2. Switching Turn ON/OFF Figure 3. Enable Turn-On Figure 4. Error Reporting Delay Figure 5.
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LMD18400 SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS For all curves, VCC = 12V, Temperature is the junction temperature unless otherwise noted. 6 Switch ON Resistance vs Temperature “Sleep Mode” Supply Current vs Temperature Figure 6. Figure 7. Maximum Power Dissipation vs Ambient Temperature Short Circuit Current vs Temperature Figure 8. Figure 9. Clamp Characteristics vs Temperature Error Sense Threshold Voltage vs Temperature Figure 10.
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LMD18400 www.ti.com SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued) For all curves, VCC = 12V, Temperature is the junction temperature unless otherwise noted. Turn ON Rise Time vs Temperature Turn ON Delay Time vs Temperature Figure 12. Figure 13. Turn OFF Time vs Temperature Switch Select Logic Input Resistance vs Temperature Figure 14. Figure 15. Enable Threshold Voltage vs Temperature Error Output Voltage vs Sink Current Figure 16. Figure 17.
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LMD18400 SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM TRUTH TABLE 8 Enable Input (Pin 3) Chip Select Input (Pin 4) Switch Control Input (Pins 9, 10, 11, 12) Error Output (Pin 13) Thermal SD Output (Pin 17) 0 X X 1 0 “Sleep” Mode, ISUPPLY < 10 µA 1 X 0 1 1 Selected Switch is OFF 1 X 1 1 1 Selected Switch is ON, Normal Operation 1 X 0 0 1 Switch is OFF but: a. Load is Open Circuited, or b. Load is Shorted to VCC, or c. TJ > +145°C, or d.
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LMD18400 www.ti.com SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION BASIC OPERATION High-side drivers are used extensively in automotive and industrial applications to switch power to ground referred loads. The major advantage of using high-side drive, as opposed to low-side drive, is to protect the load from being energized in the event that the load drive wire is inadvertently shorted to ground as shown in Figure 18.
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LMD18400 SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure 19. Control Logic for Each Power Switch Each DMOS switch is turned ON when its gate is driven approximately 3.5V more positive than its source voltage. Because the source of the switch is the output terminal to the load it can be taken to a voltage very near the VCC supply potential. To ensure that there is sufficient voltage available to drive the gates of the DMOS device a charge pump circuit is built in.
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LMD18400 www.ti.com SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure 20. Overvoltage/Undervoltage Shutdown The LMD18400 has been designed to drive all types of loads. When driving a ground referenced inductive load such as a relay or solenoid, the voltage across the load will reverse in polarity as the field in the inductor collapses when the power switch is turned OFF. This will pull the output pin of the LMD18400 below ground.
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LMD18400 SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com This provides a maximum transient current, and drain-to-source voltage characteristic as shown in Figure 22. Figure 22. Maximum Output Current with Instantaneous Power Limiting Figure 23.
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LMD18400 www.ti.com SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Thermal Protection The die temperature of the LMD18400 is continually monitored. Should any conditions cause the die temperature to rise to +170°C, all of the power switches are turned OFF automatically to reduce the power dissipation. It is important to realize that the thermal shutdown affects all four of the switches together.
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LMD18400 SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com The diagnostic data can be read periodically by a controller or only in the event of a general system error indication to determine the cause of any system problem. This general indication of a fault is provided by an Error Flag output (pin 13). This pin goes low whenever any type of error is detected. There is a built-in delay of approximately 75 µs from the time an error is detected until pin 13 is taken low.
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LMD18400 www.ti.com SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 A useful feature of pin 17 is that it can also be used as a shutdown input. Driving this pin low immediately switches all of the drivers OFF, just the same as if thermal shutdown temperatures has been reached, yet all of the control logic and diagnostic circuits remain active. This is useful in designing “fail-safe” systems where the loads can be disabled under any sort of externally detected system fault condition.
PAGE 16
LMD18400 SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure 28. Load Resistance Detected as Errors THERMAL MANAGEMENT It is particularly important to consider the total amount of power being dissipated by all four switches in the LMD18400 at all times. Any combination of the switches driving loads will cause an increase in the die temperature. Should the die temperature reach the thermal shutdown threshold of +170°C, all of the switches will be disabled.
PAGE 17
LMD18400 www.ti.com SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Maximum Power Dissipated and Junction to Ambient Thermal Resistance vs Size Figure 29. Recommended PC Board Layout to Reduce the Thermal Resistance from Junction-to-Ambient Figure 30. Switching an Inductive Load When switched ON, the worst case power dissipation is: (6) The steady-state ON current of the inductor should be kept less than 1A per power switch.
PAGE 18
LMD18400 SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com The total average power dissipation during a full ON/OFF switching cycle of an inductive load will be: (9) Due to the common cut-off of all loads forced by thermal shutdown, the thermal time constants of the package become a concern. Figure 31 provides an indication of the time it takes to heat the die to thermal shutdown with a step increase in package power dissipation from an initial junction temperature of +25°C.
PAGE 19
LMD18400 www.ti.com SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure 33. Unipolar Drive for a 4-Phase Stepper Motor Figure 34.
PAGE 20
LMD18400 SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Loads will be energized through the intrinsic diodes in parallel with the power switches. The Schottky diode will add approximately 0.2V to the logic input switching thresholds and the logic output low levels. Figure 35. Simple protection of the LMD18400 against supply voltage reversal Figure 36.
PAGE 21
LMD18400 www.ti.com SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Positive temperature coefficient of the switch ON resistance provides ballasting to evenly share the load current between the switches. Any combination of switches can be paralleled. Required peak load current will depend upon the motor load. Motor speed control can be provided by a PWM signal of up to 20 kHz applied to the motor drive input lines. Figure 37.
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LMD18400 SNVS094C – JUNE 1996 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com REVISION HISTORY Changes from Revision B (April 2013) to Revision C • 22 Page Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format ..........................................................................................................
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 1-Nov-2013 In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
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MECHANICAL DATA NFH0020A N0020A N20A (Rev G) www.ti.
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