ti T I -7 3 E x p lo r e r ™ G r a p hing C a lc ula t o r G uid e b o o k In this guidebook, TI-73 refers to both the TI-73 and TI-73 Explorer. All functions, instructions, and examples in this guidebook work identically for both the TI-73 and the TI-73 Explorer. Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. © 1998, 2001–2003 Texas Instruments Incorporated $Titlepg.
Important Information Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either express or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on an “as-is” basis.
Table of Contents Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 1 Preparing to Use Your TIN73......................................... 3 The Home Screen ........................................................... 5 Entering Numbers and Other Characters ..................... 6 Functions and Instructions .......................................... 12 Entering Expressions.................................................... 15 Retrieving Previous Entries - £ ...................... 17 Recalling and Storing the Last Answer - ¢ .
iv TIN73 Table of Contents Chapter 6: Statistical Plots 107 Steps for Defining a Stat Plot ................................... 108 Defining Statistical Data in Lists ............................... 109 Deselecting Y n Functions .......................................... 109 Defining a Stat Plot ................................................... 109 Selecting Stat Plot Types ........................................... 111 Defining Stat Plot Options ........................................
TIN73 Table of Contents v Chapter 11: Trigonometry 209 The - u TRIG Menu ........................................... 210 Graphing Trig Functions............................................ 214 The - u ANGLE Menu ....................................... 215 Chapter 12: Programming 221 What Is a Program? ................................................... 223 Steps for Creating a Program.................................... 223 Creating and Naming a New Program .....................
vi TI-73 Table of Contents Appendix B: Reference Information 319 The TIN73 Menu Map ................................................ 320 The VARS Menu - } ....................................... 329 Equation Operating System (EOS é)........................ 330 In Case of Difficulty ................................................... 330 Correcting an Error.................................................... 331 Error Messages...........................................................
1 Operating the TI TIN73 Preparing to Use Your TIN73................................................. 3 Installing the AAA Batteries........................................... 3 Turning the TIN73 On and Off ....................................... 3 Adjusting the Display Contrast ...................................... 4 Resetting Memory and All Defaults............................... 4 The Home Screen...................................................................
2 Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 Mode Settings ..................................................................... 22 Numeric Notation Mode .............................................. 23 Decimal Notation Mode ............................................... 24 Angle Mode .................................................................. 24 Display Format Mode ................................................... 24 Simplification Mode ..................................................... 24 7301ENG.
Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 3 Preparing to Use Your TIN73 Before using your TIN73, you must install the batteries, turn on the calculator, and adjust the contrast. You may reset (clear) the calculator memory and defaults, if desired. Installing the AAA Batteries Install four AAA batteries in the battery compartment on the back of the calculator. Arrange the batteries according to the polarity (+ and -) diagram in the battery compartment.
4 Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 Adjusting the Display Contrast The brightness and contrast of the display can depend on room lighting, battery freshness, and viewing angle. To adjust the contrast: 1. Press and release the yellow - key. 2. Press and hold $ (to darken the screen) or # (to lighten the screen). As you change the contrast setting, a number from 0 (lightest) to 9 (darkest) in the top-right corner indicates the current setting.
Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 5. 5 Select 2:Reset. 2 All memory is cleared, and the calculator is reset to the factory settings. When you reset the TIN73, the display contrast is reset. To adjust the contrast, follow the directions in the previous section. The Home Screen The Home screen is the primary screen of the TIN73. To go to the Home screen from any other screen or menu, press - l. On the Home screen, you can enter instructions, functions, and expressions.
6 Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 If all lines of the display are full, text scrolls off the top of the display. The TIN73 stores the previous entries as memory permits. See the section entitled, Retrieving Previous Entries on page 17. You can scroll up with $ to see previously entered entries. If you press b while a previous entry is highlighted (for example, 2+2+2+2+2+2+2+2), the calculator copies it to a new line below all entries (after 4+4+4 and its result, 52). Scroll up with $.
Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 7 Entering a Number in Scientific Notation - { Using - {, you can enter a number in scientific notation. The notation used to display the result of a calculation depends upon the . setting (Normal or Sci). For more information on selecting modes, see the section in this chapter entitled Mode Settings. ³ Add 30 © 4 + 8600.
8 Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 In all guidebook examples, when a character in the Text editor needs to be selected, the keystroke sequence shows the character followed by b. Moving the Selection Cursor as necessary to highlight the character is implied. To exit the Text editor and display the contents on the entry line on the previous screen, select Done. -t The entry line Selection Cursor Letters Highlights the character you want to select. Use the cursor keys (", !, $, and #) to move the cursor.
Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 9 Done Exits the Text editor when selected and pastes all contents on the entry line to the cursor location on the previous screen. Entry Line Displays all currently selected characters. All edit keys, except the cursor keys, edit characters on the entry line. ³ Insert R on the Home screen. 1. Go to the Home screen and clear it, if desired. -l: 2. Use the Text editor to select R. Use $, #, ", and ! to highlight R. -tRb R is pasted to the entry line. 3.
10 Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 Entry Line The entry line displays all characters selected in the Text editor. The entry line also accepts all number keys (Y, Z, [, ) and many keyboard operations (6, I, \, C, etc.). Enter these between Text editor characters, as necessary, without leaving the Text editor. If you press a key that isnt accepted in the Text editor, the calculator does not return an error. You must select Done to exit and then continue your entry on the previous screen.
Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 11 Editing Numbers and Characters Using the edit keys, you can edit an entry on the Home screen or Y= editor, programming commands in the Program editor, the entry lines of the Text editor and List editor, and constants in the Set Constant editor. Keystrokes Result ! or " Moves the cursor to the left or right. Moves the Selection cursor in the Text editor. $ or # Moves/scrolls the cursor up or down. -! Moves the cursor to the beginning of an entry.
12 Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 Functions and Instructions A function returns a value. Generally, the first letter of each function is lowercase on the TIN73. For example, pxl-Test( is a function because it returns a value, 0 or 1. An instruction initiates an action. Generally, the first letter of each instruction name is uppercase. For example, Pxl-On( is an instruction that draws a pixel on the graph screen. Most functions and some instructions take at least one argument.
Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 13 To move from menu to menu on a menu screen, press " or ! until the menu name is highlighted. When a menu item ends in an ellipsis ( ), the item displays a secondary menu or editor when you select it. -‚ Accessing and Selecting Menu Items To scroll up or down the menu items, press $ or #. To wrap to the last menu item directly from the first menu item, press $. To wrap to the first menu item directly from the last menu item, press #.
14 Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 Accessing Functionsà Functions Instructions from the CATALOG - | displays the CATALOG, which is an alphabetical list of all functions, instructions, programming commands, variables, and symbols on the TIN73. If, for example, you cannot remember where a particular menu item is located, you can find it in the CATALOG. Items that begin with a number are in alphabetical order according to the first letter after the number.
Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 15 ³ Enter the CATALOG and go directly to the section starting with L. 1. Go to the CATALOG. -| 2. Select L from Text editor. -tLb Selecting ¨ by pressing b pastes it to the previous screen, just as if you had selected it from a menu. Entering Expressions An expression is a group of numbers, variables, functions and their arguments, or a combination of these elements that evaluates to a single answer. Instructions cannot be used in expressions.
16 Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 M4b Ans is the previous answer, 28.27433388. Grouping Parts of Expressions with Parentheses The calculator calculates an expression within parentheses first. ³ Calculate 4(1+2). -l: 4D1\2Eb 4(1+2)=4(3)=12 Using Implied Multiplication in Expressions The calculator understands that two numbers separated by parentheses are multiplied together. ³ Calculate 4Q3 using parentheses.
Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 2. 17 Enter the second expression, pR 2, and calculate the result. -„-t R b Done b 6b Retrieving Previous Entries - £ When you press b on the Home screen to evaluate an expression or execute an instruction, the expression or instruction is placed in a storage area called Entry (last entry). When you turn off the TIN73, Entry is retained in memory. You can retrieve the last entry to the current cursor location, where you can edit it, if desired, and then execute it.
18 Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 3. Edit and enter the new expression. !-t B b Done b b 4. Cycle back two entries. -£-£ 5. Edit and enter the new expression. !!!3b Recalling and Storing the Last Answer -¢ When an expression is evaluated successfully from the Home screen or from a program, the TIN73 stores the answer to a system variable called Ans (last answer). Recall Ans by pressing - ¢. Ans can be a real number or a list. When you turn off the TIN73, the value in Ans is retained in memory.
Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 19 ³ 1. Calculate 3 4 using the Ans feature. -l: 3M3b M3b M3b 2. Check your answer, if desired. 374b Using Ans as a Variable in an Expression Since Ans is a variable, you can use it in expressions just as you would any other variable. When the expression is evaluated, the TIN73 uses the value of Ans in the calculation. For more information about variables, see the next two sections in this chapter entitled, Storing Values to a Variable and Recalling Variable Values.
20 Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 Storing Values to a Variable X You can store values or expressions that result in one value or lists to a one-letter variable or a system variable (types are listed below) to save for later use. Also, you can save a result for later use by storing Ans to a variable before you evaluate another expression. When an expression containing the name of a variable is evaluated, the value of the variable at that time is used.
Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 21 1. Enter the numeric value. It can be an expression that results in a numeric value. 2. Press X. " is copied to the cursor location. 3. Select the type of variable to which you want to store the value. Use the Text editor (- t) to enter a letter variable, the VARS (- }) menu to enter a system variable, or the - v Ls menu to enter a list name. 4. Press b. If you entered an expression, it is evaluated. The value is stored to the variable.
22 Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 • Press - } to display the VARS menu; next select the type and then the name of the variable or function. • Press 8 (from the Program editor only), and then select the name of the program to call a program as a subroutine within another program. 3. The variable name you selected is displayed on the bottom line and the cursor disappears. 4. Press b. The variable contents are inserted where the cursor was located before you began these steps.
Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 23 To select a mode setting, highlight the one you want by using the cursor keys, and then press b. Default Settings . Normal Sci Numeric Notation mode Float 0123456789 Decimal Notation mode Degree Radian Angle mode A§b/c b/c Display Format mode (fractions only) Autosimp Mansimp Simplification mode (fractions only) Numeric Notation Mode The Numeric Notation mode settings affect the way an answer is displayed on the TIN73.
24 Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73 Decimal Notation Mode The Decimal Notation mode has two settings, Float and 0123456789, which only affect the way an answer is displayed on the TIN73. The Float (floating decimal point) setting displays up to 10 digits, plus the sign and decimal. The 0123456789 (fixed decimal point) setting specifies the number of digits (0 through 9) to display to the right of the decimal. Place the cursor on the desired number of decimal digits, and then press b.
2 Math Operations Keyboard Math Operations ................................................ 27 Basic Operations \, T, M, F..................................... 27 Integer Division - Œ............................................ 28 p - „........................................................................ 28 Percent C.................................................................... 29 Inverse Function - ƒ ............................................. 30 Square 6 ......................................
26 Chapter 2: Math Operations The 1 LOG Menu ........................................................... 54 log( 1 " " " 1 .................................................... 54 10^( 1 " " " 2.................................................... 55 ln( 1 " " " 3 ...................................................... 55 e^( 1 " " " 4...................................................... 56 7302ENG.
Chapter 2: Math Operations 27 Keyboard Math Operations The following sections explain how to use the math functions, including - functions, found on the TIN73 keyboard. All of the examples in these sections assume that you are on the Home screen and that defaults are selected (unless specified otherwise). Real numbers include fractions unless specified otherwise.
28 Chapter 2: Math Operations Integer Division - Œ - Œ divides two positive integers and displays the quotient and the remainder, r. posintegerA Intà posintegerB 5 2 11 10 1 quotient=5 remainder=1 5 r1 2 11 10 1 The result includes the quotient and the remainder, r. You can include integer division in an expression, but the remainder may not be displayed as part of the final answer. After a calculation with - Œ is completed, only the quotient from the result is stored in Ans (last answer).
Chapter 2: Math Operations 29 ³ Calculate sin(p). :-u1„E b If in Radian mode If in Degree mode Percent C Changes a real_number to percent. Results display according to the Decimal Notation mode setting. real_number % ³ Convert M30.6% to a decimal. 1. Select Float Decimal setting. .#b -l 2. Convert M30.6% to a decimal. :a30.6C b ³ Calculate 20% of 30. 20CM30b ³ Calculate 30 + 20% of 30. 30\20CM30b 7302ENG.
30 Chapter 2: Math Operations Inverse Function - ƒ Returns the inverse, x -1, of value, which is the equivalent of the reciprocal, 1/x, of a real number, expression, or each element in a list. value -1 Important: To ensure that results are displayed as simple fractions instead of mixed numbers, select b/c Display Format mode. ³ Calculate 5/8 -1. :5=8"-ƒ b ³ Calculate M2.5-1. a2.5-ƒb Square 6 Finds the square of a real number, an expression, or each element in a list.
Chapter 2: Math Operations 2. 31 Calculate (M5) 2.. Da5E6b Power 7 Raises value to any power. value and power can be real numbers, expression, or lists. If both are lists, they must have the same number of elements. If one argument is a list and the other a non-list, the non-list is paired with each element of the list, and a list is returned. value^power value is limited by mathematical rules. For example, (M4)^.
32 Chapter 2: Math Operations Test Operations - t The two types of test operations included in the Text editor are relational operators (=, , >, , <, and ) and logic (Boolean) operators (and and or). Both relational and logic operators often are used in programs to control program flow and in graphing to control the graph as a function over specific values. Relational Operators Relational operators compare conditionA and conditionB and return 1 if the conditional statement is true.
Chapter 2: Math Operations Operator: Returns true (1) if: = (equal) Two conditions are equal. (not Two conditions are not equal. > equal to) (greater than) (greater equal to) < than or (less than) (less than or equal to) 33 conditionA is greater than conditionB. conditionA is greater than or equal to conditionB. conditionA is less than conditionB. conditionA is less than or equal to conditionB.
34 Chapter 2: Math Operations ³ For L1={1,2,3}, test L1>log(30). 1. Define L1. :-t {b1¡2¡3} b Done b X-v1b 2. Test L1 > log(30). -v1-t > b Done b 1!1 30Eb 1>log(30) is false; 2>log(30) is true; 3>log(30) is true. ³ Test cos(90) and sin(0). :-u3 9 0 E - t and b Done b -u1 0Eb The 1 MATH Menu The 1 MATH menu includes various math functions. 1 7302ENG.
Chapter 2: Math Operations 35 1:lcm( Finds the least common multiple, which is the smallest number that two integers can divide into evenly. 2:gcd( Finds the greatest common divisor, which is the largest number that divides into two integers evenly. 3:3 Calculates the cube. 4:3( Calculates the cube root. 5:x Calculates the xth root. 6:Solver… Displays the Equation Solver.
36 Chapter 2: Math Operations ³ Add 1/4 + 5/6 (using LCM). 1. Find the LCM of the denominators. Therefore, 12 is the common denominator. 11 4¡6Eb Use the LCM to convert 1/4 and 5/6 to fractions where 12 is the common denominator (without using the calculator). 3 3 1 Q = 3 12 4 3. Add the newly converted fractions (without using the calculator). 3 10 13 + = 12 12 12 4. Verify your answer by adding the original fractions on the calculator.
Chapter 2: Math Operations 37 gcd(valueA,valueB) ³ Find the greatest common divisor for the fraction, 27/36. 1. Find the GCD of 27/36. 12 27¡36Eb GCD=9 2. Simplify the fraction completely using the GCD (without using the calculator). 3. Verify your answer by simplifying 27/36 by 9 on the calculator. You must be in Mansimp mode setting. 9 3 27 P = 9 4 36 .####" b-l 27=36"B9 b 3 13 Calculates the cube of n, which is equivalent to n Q n Q n of any real number, expression, or each element in a list.
38 3 Chapter 2: Math Operations ( 1 4 Calculates the cube root of value, which is equivalent to n where n3=value. value can be a real number, expression, or list. For n3 =value, 3value=n 3(value) ³ Calculate 3(125). 14 125Eb x 15 3 (125) = 5 because 5 3=125 Calculates the x th root of value, which is equivalent to n where n x=value. value can be a real number, expression, or list. x can be any real number. For nx =value, xvalue=n x x(value) ³ Calculate 664.
Chapter 2: Math Operations 39 The EQUATION SOLVER Screen If no equation is currently defined, pressing 1 6 takes you to the EQUATION SOLVER screen. Enter the equation at the cursor, using the Text editor (- t) to enter the variable names. 16 You can have more than one variable on each side of the equation. For example, A + B = B + D + E. If you do not set the equation equal to a value, the calculator automatically sets it equal to 0. For example, to enter A+B=0, just enter A+B and press b.
40 Chapter 2: Math Operations Equation Displays the currently defined equation. Equation Variables Displays all equation variables and their values. bound Displays the bound limits that apply to the unknown variable value for which you are solving. Default={M1©99,1©99} Solve You select one variable, the one you want to solve for, from this list. Equation The first line of the Equation Variables screen displays the equation you defined on the EQUATION SOLVER screen.
Chapter 2: Math Operations 41 bound limits apply to the unknown variable value for which you are solving. Default bounds are {M1©99,1©99}. Use these limits to narrow the unknown value solution to a specific range of numbers, especially if more than one answer exists. bound Hint: For answers with many solutions (for example, trig functions), consider graphing the function first to get an idea of the most ideal (or specific) bound limits. Solve Specify the unknown variable from the Solve line.
42 Chapter 2: Math Operations 2. Enter the equation. -t 2DLb\Mb E=bNb Done b b 3. Your variable values may vary. Enter the first value for M, 40, and N, 268. #40#268 4. Solve for L. ##b 5. Solve for L when M=M14. #a14###b 6. Solve for L when M=307. #307###b Solving Equations with More Than One Answer The calculator only returns one solution even if more than one possible solution exists.
Chapter 2: Math Operations 43 ³ Find the negative solution to the equation, 16=X 2. 1. Define the equation on the EQUATION SOLVER screen. 16 $ : (if necessary) 2. Enter the equation. Your X value may vary. -t 1 6 = b I 6 Done bb 3. Use bound to limit your answer to a negative one (between M16 and 0). # " a 16 / / " 0 /// 4. Solve for X. #b 5. The guess, X=10, is not between the limit bounds. You must clear or change it. (This step uses a different guess, M6.) L6 is between the bounds.
44 Chapter 2: Math Operations The 1 NUM Menu The 1 NUM (number) menu includes seven different math functions. 1" 1:abs( Calculates the absolute value of a real number, list, or expression. 2:round( Rounds a real number, list, or expression. 3:iPart( Returns only the integer part of a result. 4:fPart( Returns only the fractional part of a result. 5:min( Returns the minimum of two real numbers, lists, or expressions. 6:max( Returns the maximum of two real numbers, lists, or expressions.
Chapter 2: Math Operations 45 round( 1 " 2 Returns a number, expression, or each element in a list rounded to 10 digits or #decimal_places (9), if specified. The final result is always displayed according to the Decimal Notation mode (.) unless #decimal_places is specified, which overrides the current setting. Notice that the Decimal Notation mode settings do change the display but not the value of the result.
46 Chapter 2: Math Operations 5. Leave the Decimal Notation mode at 4 and round p to 5 digits. -£!!5 b iPart( and fPart( 1 " 3 and 4 returns the integer part of a real number, expression, or each element in a list. For an expression, the expression is calculated and the integer part of the result is displayed. iPart( iPart(value) fPart( returns the fractional part of a real number, expression, or each element in a list.
Chapter 2: Math Operations 47 ³ Find the fractional part of 1 1/2. 1"4 1< 1=2"Eb min( and max( 1 " 5 and 6 These are identical to the min( and max( commands found on the - v MATH menu. min( (minimum) returns the smaller of two values or the smallest element in one list. value can be a real number, expression, or a list. If both arguments are lists, they must have the same number of elements.
48 Chapter 2: Math Operations 2. Find the list minimums. -l: 1" 5 -v1¡ -v2Eb 3. Find the list maximums. 1" 6 -v1¡ -v2Eb remainder( 1 " 7 Returns the remainder resulting from the division of two positive whole numbers, dividend and divisor, each of which can be a list of positive whole numbers. They also are subject to mathematical rules. For example, divisor0. remainder(dividend,divisor) If both arguments are lists, they must have the same number of elements.
Chapter 2: Math Operations 49 The 1 PRB Menu The 1 PRB (probability) menu lets you select functions that are often used to calculate probabilities. 1"" 1:rand Generates a random number between 0 and 1. 2:randInt( Generates a random integer between two values. 3:nPr Calculates the number of permutations for a group of items. 4:nCr Calculates the number of combinations for a group of items. 5:! Calculates the factorial of a positive integer. 6:coin( Simulates one or more coin tosses.
50 Chapter 2: Math Operations ³ Generate a sequence of random numbers using whatever value happens to be the current seed. :1""1 bbb Your results may vary. ³ Generate a sequence of random numbers using seed=1. :1X1" "1b1""1 bb randInt( 1 " " 2 Generates a random integer between lower and upper (both integers) boundaries. The random integer returned may be one of the boundaries. For example, randInt(1,5) may return 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
Chapter 2: Math Operations 51 nPr 1 " " 3 Returns the number of permutations of n items taken r number at a time. The order in which you select the items DOES matter. items and number can be nonnegative integers or lists of nonnegative integers. If both arguments are lists, they must have the same number of elements. If one argument is a list and the other a non-list, the non-list is paired with each element in the list, and a list of permutations is returned.
52 Chapter 2: Math Operations ³ From a group of 4 items (ABCD), how many ways can you select 2 of the items if the order does not matter? Find 4 nCr 2. :41""4 2b AB BA CA DA combinations of ABCD 4 items taken 2 at a time AC BC CB DB AD BD CD DC AB and BA count as only one combination. ! 1""5 Returns the factorial of value. value can be an integer or list of integers between 0 and 69. By definition, 0! = 1. Factorials are similar to permutations because the order DOES matter.
Chapter 2: Math Operations 53 coin( 1 " " 6 Returns a random list of 0s and 1s that represents heads and tails for one or more coin tosses. tosses is a positive whole number. coin(tosses) ³ Simulate tossing a coin 7 times. :1""6 7Eb dice( 1 " " 7 4 heads and 3 tails (or 3 heads and 4 tails). Your result may vary. Returns a random list of numbers (between 1 and 6) that represents dice rolls. dice( takes one optional argument, #ofdice, a positive whole number>1.
54 Chapter 2: Math Operations The 1 LOG Menu The 1 LOG (logarithm) menu lets you select functions that are used to calculate base-10 and base-e logarithms and powers. 1""" NorN 1! 1:log( Returns the base-10 logarithm of a value. 2:10^( Raises 10 to a power. 3:ln( Calculates the natural logarithm of a value. 4:e^( Raises e to a power (e = 2.71828182846).
Chapter 2: Math Operations 55 10^( 1 " " " 2 Raises 10 to a power of x, where x is an integer, an expression that results in an integer, or a list of integers. If x10 M4 or 10 10, the result is displayed in scientific notation. 10^(integer) 10^(x) ³ Calculate 10^(6), which is often written as 106. :1"""2 6Eb ³ Calculate 10^(M4). 1"""2 a4Eb ln( 1 " " " 3 The natural logarithm is the exponent, x, indicating the power which the base, e, must be raised to in order to produce a given number, a.
56 Chapter 2: Math Operations ³ Calculate ln(1/2). :1"""3 1=2"Eb e^( 1 " " " 4 Raises e to a power of x, where x is a real number, an expression that results in an real number, or a list of real numbers. The calculator uses e=2.718281828459, although it only displays 2.718281828 on the screen. e^(x) e^(list) ³ Calculate e^5, which is often written as e5. :1"""4 5Eb 7302ENG.
3 Fractions Entering Fractions................................................................ 58 Using Fractions in Calculations ........................................... 59 Fraction Modes .................................................................... 60 Display Format Mode Settings ..................................... 60 Simplification Mode Settings ....................................... 60 Autosimp Setting .......................................................... 61 Mansimp Setting .........
58 Chapter 3: Fractions Entering Fractions Simple fractions consist of a numerator and denominator. Mixed numbers combine a whole number with a fraction. Note: The numerator and denominator cannot be a fraction. Simple Fractions numerator = denominator " ³ Enter 2/3. 1. Enter the numerator, 2. 2= 2. 2 3 2 = 3 " Enter the denominator, 3. 3 3. End the fraction. Continue the calculation at the cursor. " Mixed Numbers whole_number < numerator = denominator " 1< ³ Enter 1 2/3. 1.
Chapter 3: Fractions 59 Using Fractions in Calculations The type of calculation and the input values determine whether the results of a calculation are shown as a fraction or a decimal. You can enter fractions with all operation keys (\, M, F, etc.), most function keys (6, C, ƒ, etc.), and many menu items (abs(, fPart(, sin(, etc.).
60 Chapter 3: Fractions Fraction Modes Two fraction modes exist on the calculator: Display Format mode and Simplification mode. Display Format Mode Settings The Display Format mode settings, A§bàc and bàc, determine whether or not a fractional result is displayed as a mixed number or a simple fraction. To select a mode setting, press ., highlight the setting with the cursor keys, and then press b. . A§b/c Displays result as a mixed number, if applicable. b/c Displays result as a simple fraction.
Chapter 3: Fractions 61 Autosimp The calculator automatically simplifies fractional results. Mansimp The user simplifies fractions manually step-bystep. $ next to the result signifies that it can be simplified at least one more time. In Autosimp mode ³ Add 1/9 + 5/9. 1=9"\5=9 b The total shaded area in the first diagram is equal to the total shaded area in the second one.
62 Chapter 3: Fractions Mansimp Setting When the Mansimp setting is selected, the result of a calculation is not simplified automatically. $ next to a result means that it is unsimplified and can be simplified at least one more time. You then can decide if you want the calculator to simplify the result step-by-step using simplification factors it chooses or if you want the calculator to simplify the result using the simplification factors that you choose.
Chapter 3: Fractions 63 Choosing the Simplification Factor After getting an unsimplified result from any fractional calculation, press B simplification_factor b, where simplification_factor is a positive integer that you choose. The Display Format mode settings affect whether a result is displayed as a mixed number or as a simple fraction. ³ Add 4/16 + 8/16 and choose the simplification factor to reduce the sum to lowest terms. 1. Enter 4/16 + 8/16. -l: 4=16"\8= 16b 2. Simplify by 2. B2b 3.
64 Chapter 3: Fractions Only one simplification factor (the last one calculated) is stored in memory. Also, you can store a positive whole number to Factor using the X key, just as you would store a number to any variable. For more information about storing values to variables, see Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73. ³ From the Home screen, simplify 6/8 by a factor of 2, and then recall the factor. 1. Select Mansimp mode, if necessary. .####" b-l 2. Enter the fraction and simplify. :6=8B2 b 3.
Chapter 3: Fractions 65 ³ Convert 3/4 to a decimal and back to a fraction. 1. Convert 3/4 to a decimal. -l: 3=4>b 2. Convert .75 back to a fraction. In Autosimp mode >b In Mansimp mode ³ Add 2 plus the decimal equivalent of 1/4. 2\1=4>b 1/4=.25 Converting Between Mixed Numbers and Simple Fractions To convert a mixed number to a simple fraction or a simple fraction to a mixed number use ?. The Display Format mode settings do not affect the results when using ?.
66 Chapter 3: Fractions 7303ENG.
4 Measurement Conversions and Constant Calculations The - ‚ CONVERSIONS Menu............................... 68 Length - ‚ 1 ................................................. 68 Area - ‚ 2 ..................................................... 68 Volume - ‚ 3 ................................................ 69 Time - ‚ 4 ..................................................... 69 Temp (Temperature) - ‚ 5........................... 69 MassàWeight - ‚ 6....................................... 69 Speed - ‚ 7 .....
68 Chapter 4: ConversionsàConstants The - ‚ CONVERSIONS Menu Use this menu to access all conversion categories. -‚ 1:Length Displays the LENGTH menu. 2:Area Displays the AREA menu. 3:Volume Displays the VOLUME menu. 4:Time Displays the TIME menu. 5:Temp Displays the TEMPERATURE menu. 6:MassàWeight Displays the MASS/WT. menu. 7:Speed Displays the SPEED menu. Length - ‚ 1 mm ........... millimeters ft .................... feet m .............. meters km .................. kilometers cm .
Chapter 4: ConversionsàConstants 69 Volume - ‚ 3 liter ........... liters gal ............ gallons qt .............. quarts pt .............. pints oz ............. ounces cm 3 ........... cubic centimeters in3 ...................cubic inches feet m3 ...................cubic meters galUK .............UK gallons ozUK ..............UK ounces ft3 ...................cubic Time - ‚ 4 sec ............ seconds day .................days hr .............. hours year ................years min ...........
70 Chapter 4: ConversionsàConstants Converting a Unit of Measure To convert a measurement value, enter the measurement value, select the category from the CONVERSIONS menu, select the unit you are converting from, and then the unit you are converting to. To know which category to select, look at the units of the original value. You can only convert within one category. measurement_value current_unit 4 new_unit ³ Convert 50 meters to inches. 1. Clear the Home screen, if desired. Enter the value, 50.
Chapter 4: ConversionsàConstants 71 EOS operating rules (Appendix B: Reference Information) apply when converting negative measurements as shown in the next example. ³ Compare the results of M5 ¡F 4 ¡ C and (M5) ¡F 4 ¡ C. 1. From the Home screen, calculate M5 ¡F 4 ¡ C. -l: a5-‚5 2 1b 2. The calculator converts 5¡F to ¡C and then returns the negative of the result. Calculate (M5) ¡F 4 ¡ C.. -£-! -mD"" -mEb The calculator converts (M5)¡F to ¡C.
72 Chapter 4: ConversionsàConstants To use a constant: 1. Define the constant in the Set Constant editor (- †). 2. Recall the constant with the @ key. Single Mode By selecting Single mode, you tell the calculator that you only want to access one constant from the list, even if more than one is defined. To select the one constant (C1, C2, C3, or C 4) you want to use, highlight the = next to it, and then press b. This automatically deselects any other defined constants.
Chapter 4: ConversionsàConstants 4. 73 Define C 3 as ¦1/2. ## M1=2 5. Exit the Set Constant editor. -l The most recently entered constant (C3) remains selected. Single Mode Constant Calculations After a constant is defined and selected, return to the screen where you want to use it in a calculation. Pressing @ pastes it to the cursor location.
74 Chapter 4: ConversionsàConstants ³ Find the multiple of 2 so that 5 ¦ 2 n=40. The calculator’s constant counter automatically computes n. 5¦2n=40 1. Constant mode = Single Set C n = ¦ 2 Select Single mode, if necessary. -†$b 2. Enter C 2 = ¦ 2. ##M2 3. -l: 4. Other defined constants are deselected automatically. Return to the Home screen and clear, if desired. 5 Q 2 is calculated automatically. Count the number of times you have to multiply 5 by 2 to get 40 (so that 5 Q 2n=40).
Chapter 4: ConversionsàConstants 75 Multiple Mode In Multiple mode, all defined constants are available to use at any time. To define Multiple mode, highlight Multiple using the cursor keys, and then press b. Defining Constants in Multiple Mode You define constants in Multiple mode exactly the same way you define them in Single mode. All constants are always selected, even if they are not defined. ³ Select Multiple mode and use the constants defined in the previous examples. 1.
76 Chapter 4: ConversionsàConstants To select a constant, press the number associated with the constant (1, 2, 3, or 4). You may choose another constant (or the same one) by pressing @ again. In Multiple mode (unlike in Single mode), your constant expression is not evaluated until you press b. ³ Define C 3=+3¦2 and C4=¦2+3 in Multiple mode. -†$"b ###: \3M2#: M2\3 You recognize that C 3=+3¦2. ³ Calculate 4+3¦2. 1. Go to the Home screen and clear it, if desired. -l: 2. Find the result.
5 Lists Steps for Creating a List ...................................................... 78 The List Editor 3 ............................................................ 79 Naming a List ....................................................................... 79 Entering List Elements......................................................... 81 Editing Lists in the List Editor ............................................. 87 Inserting or Deleting a New List ..................................
78 Chapter 5: Lists Steps for Creating a List On the TIN73, a set of numerical or text information is called a list. Follow these basic steps when defining a list. Display the List editor. Name the list you want to define, or use a prenamed list (L1-L6). 3 -t (to name a list) Prenamed lists, ¨5 and ¨6, and one user-named list, ¨PET. Enter list elements (numerical or text). number keys or -t Note: Surround text elements with quotation marks. Edit list as necessary. - m, :, or / 7305ENG.
Chapter 5: Lists 79 The List Editor 3 You can enter up to 20 lists in the List editor. Each list can have up to 999 elements. You can only display three lists at the same time; use " or ! to scroll to see all other defined lists. List notation looks like this: L5={1,2,3,4,5,6}. Read it as elements 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are stored in the list named L5. Entries in each column display the first 6 characters of the element. List name across top List counter (cursor is in the 1st list).
80 Chapter 5: Lists If you do not want to use L1-L6 (you cannot rename them), you can create a new list and name it anything you want. A list name can be one to five characters long. The first character must be a letter from A to Z. The second through fifth characters can be any combination of letters and numbers. Access letters from the Text editor (- t ). A list accepts elements only after it is named.
Chapter 5: Lists 81 Entering List Elements A named list accepts two types of elements: numerical and text. • Lists that contain numerical elements not enclosed in quotation marks are called numerical lists. • Lists that contain text elements or numerical elements whose numerical values are ignored (because they are enclosed in quotation marks) are called categorical lists.
82 Chapter 5: Lists 2. Enter the list elements. 18#25#45# Entering Fractional Elements When entering fractions from the Home screen, parentheses are optional around the numerator and denominator. When entering fractions in the List editor (and any other editor), parentheses are mandatory around the numerator and denominator ONLY when operators are included: 31\2=3\4 b Interpreted as 1+(2/3)+4 D1\2E= D3\4Eb Using parentheses 7305ENG.
Chapter 5: Lists 83 Dependent Numerical Lists The numerical list described in the previous section (¨NUM) is an independent list. You also can create dependent lists, which are dependent (or based) upon the contents of another defined numerical list. You create a dependent list by attaching a formula to it. For example, "2 + L1," where L1 is already defined, is a formula. The formula always contains at least one other list.
84 Chapter 5: Lists 1. Create the independent list, ¨CEL. 3 " or " (as necessary to move to the blank list) -tCbE b L b Done bb 2. Enter the elements. #a40#a15#a5 #30#58#140# 3. Create the dependent list, ¨FRHT. "-t F b R bH b T b D one b b 4. Attach the formula " ¨ C E L to ¨FRHT. degC8degF" b-t bDoneb - vCEL b -‚5 1 2 -t " b Done b " 5. A small formula signifier appears. Display the elements of ¨FRHT. b 7305ENG.
Chapter 5: Lists 6. 85 Change M5 in ¨CEL to M8. !##ba8 b Note: Since the formula is enclosed in quotation marks, element 3 in ¨FRHT is automatically updated. Categorical Lists Categorical lists usually contain words or letters (text elements). If they contain numerical elements, the numerical values of those elements are ignored. Categorical lists are usually used in statistical plotting, but they can allow you to label elements as explained in the following example.
86 Chapter 5: Lists 1. Display the List editor and create a list named TEST. 3 " or ! (as necessary to move to the blank list) -t TbEb SbTb Done b b 2. Enter the element TEST1. #-t " b TbEb SbTb1 " b Done bb 3. 4. The categorical list signifier, c. Repeat for the elements and FINAL (quotation marks are optional after the first element). TEST2, MDTRM, Create a list named IVAN. "-t IbVb AbNb Done b b 5. Enter 85, 80, 74, and 82. #85#80#74# 82# 7305ENG.
Chapter 5: Lists 6. 87 Create a list named KAREN. "-t KbAb RbEb N b Done b b 7. Enter 90, 85, 92, and 79. #90#85#92# 79# Once you have these lists entered, you can display this data in various ways using related features on the calculator. For example, Chapter 6: Statistical Plots explains how you could easily convert this data into a bar chart. Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses explains ways to find each students averages as well as doing other statistical analyses of their test scores.
88 Chapter 5: Lists ³ Insert L1 between L4 and L5. 1. Move the cursor so that it highlights L5. 3$ " or ! (as necessary) 2. Insert a blank list. -m 3. Identify it as L1. -v1b If elements exist in L1, then those appear also. ³ Delete L1. / Deleting Lists from Calculator Memory To delete a list from the calculators memory, use the - Ÿ 4:Delete menu. If you delete L1L6 from the calculators memory, the names still appear in the - v Ls menu.
Chapter 5: Lists 89 ³ Delete L2 from the calculators memory. -Ÿ4 3#b - l (to return to the Home screen) Inserting or Deleting One Element in a List To insert one element in a list: 1. Use the cursor keys as necessary to highlight the element space where you want to insert the element. 2. Press - m to insert the element space. All following elements move down one space. 3. Type the element, and press b. To delete one element from a list: 1.
90 Chapter 5: Lists Clearing All Elements in a List To clear all of the elements in a list when the List editor is displayed: 1. Use the cursor keys as necessary to highlight the list name. The list elements (or formula) are displayed on the entry line. 2. Press : b to clear the list elements. You also can clear elements from the Home screen using the - v OPS 3:ClrList menu item.
Chapter 5: Lists 91 Deleting a List Formula You can delete an attached formula in one of two ways. You can: • Follow the preceding directions for editing a formula, but press : b in place of step 3. • Edit one of the elements in the dependent list as directed in the steps for editing an element. When you are finished, the formula signifier disappears, and the list becomes independent. The - v Ls Menu Use the - v Ls (lists) menu to access all list names stored in the calculators memory.
92 Chapter 5: Lists The - v OPS Menu Use the - v OPS (options) menu to change defined lists from the Home screen. -v" 1:SortA( (Ascending) Sorts list elements from lowest to highest in numerical order or in alphabetical order. (Descending) Sorts list elements from highest to lowest in numerical order or in reverse alphabetical order. 3:ClrList Clears all elements in specified list(s). 4:dim( Recalls, sets, or changes the dimension (number of elements) in a list.
Chapter 5: Lists 93 SortA( and SortD( - v " 1 and 2 SortA( (sort ascending) sorts numerical list elements from lowest to highest value and categorical list elements alphabetically. SortD( (sort descending) sorts the list elements from highest to lowest value or in reverse alphabetical order. Enter the SortA( or SortD( instruction on the Home screen; and then enter all list names that you want to sort (separated by a comma), and press b.
94 Chapter 5: Lists Sorting Multiple Lists You can specify more than one list when using SortA( and SortD(. In this case, the first list specified is the independent one; any following lists are dependent. The calculator sorts the independent list first, and then sorts all the dependent lists by placing their elements in the same order as their corresponding elements in the independent list. This allows you to keep sets of related data in the same order when you sort lists.
Chapter 5: Lists 95 ClrList - v " 3 Clears all items in specified list(s) from the Home screen. ClrList list1[,list2,list3,...] ³ From the Home screen, clear L1 and L2. -l: -v"3 -v1¡-v2 b dim( - v " 4 Use dim( from the Home screen to return the dimension (number of elements) of a defined list, to create a new list with a specified number of elements, or to change the dimension of a defined list. When creating a new list with a specified dimension, you can assign a length from 1 to 999.
96 Chapter 5: Lists To create a new list with a specific dimension: dimension# X dim(newList) To change the dimension of an existing list: newDimension# X dim(list) ³ Define L5={1,2,3,4} in the List editor. 3 ³ From the Home screen, return the dimension of L5. -l: -v"4 -v5Eb There are 4 elements in L5. ³ Create a new list, ¨NEW, with 4 elements. 1. Define the list on the Home screen. 4X-v"4 -v"9 -t NbEb W b Done b E b 2. Display the elements in on the Home screen, if desired.
Chapter 5: Lists 97 ³ 1. Change the dimension of ¨NEW to 3 elements. 3X-v"4 - v NEW b Eb 2. Display the elements in if desired. ¨NEW, -vNEWb b @List( - v " 5 @List( (delta list) returns a list containing the differences between consecutive elements in a list. It subtracts the first element in the list from the second element, subtracts the second element from the third, and so on. The resulting list is always one element shorter than the original list.
98 Chapter 5: Lists Select( - v " 6 This instruction is used to select a certain portion of an existing Scatter or xyLine stat plot, both of which contain an XList and a YList. Before you can use Select(, you must define and select (turn on) the statistical plot you want to use; otherwise, you get an error message. For a detailed explanation on setting up Scatter and xyLine plots, see Chapter 6: Statistical Plots. From the Home screen, enter Select( followed by two list names, XList and YList.
Chapter 5: Lists 2. 3. 4. 5. The Select( command and two new list names are entered from the Home screen. The left bound is chosen. b The right bound is chosen. " (as necessary) b 99 - v " 9 accesses the list signifier. - t accesses the Text editor. Left bound Right bound The plot is regraphed to include only the selected data points. and ¨NEWD now exist in the calculators memory. To display newly selected lists in the List editor, insert them as you would insert any other list.
100 Chapter 5: Lists ³ Solve expression, A 2, with regard to variable, A. Use variable values ranging from 1 (begin) to 11 (end), and specify increment as 3. 1. Return to the Home screen, and clear it, if desired. -l: 2. Enter the seq( expression. -v"7 -tAb6¡ A b Done b ¡ 1¡11¡3Eb {12,42,72,10 2} augment( - v " 8 augment( combines the elements of two lists from the Home screen to create a new list.
Chapter 5: Lists 3. 101 Store the augmented list to L6. -¢X-v 6b Press 3 to view L6 in the List editor. ¨ (List Signifier) - v " 9 The list signifier, ¨, which is not the same as the L from the Text editor, is especially useful in programming when you want to specify a group of numbers or text characters as a list name.
102 Chapter 5: Lists List Commands from the Home Screen You can create, copy, display, and edit lists directly from the Home screen. You also can perform mathematical functions on lists from the Home screen. Creating a List To create a list on the Home screen, you must enter the list elements surrounded by braces and store them to the list name. You can access the braces from the Text editor (- t) or from the CATALOG (- |).
Chapter 5: Lists 103 Copying One List to Another To copy a list on the Home screen, store it to another list name. It is easiest to store the elements in the List editor. You then can review the results in the List editor. Otherwise, any lists you create on the Home screen are stored in memory, but they dont appear in the List editor unless you insert them there. list X newList ³ Define L1={1,2,3} and L2={4,5,6} and copy L1 to L2. 1. Enter the new elements. 3 2.
104 Chapter 5: Lists ³ Define L2={1,2,3} in the List editor and display the second element from the Home screen. 1. Define L2. 3 2. Display the 2nd element only. -l: -v2D2Eb Inserting or Changing a List Element From the Home screen, you can insert or change elements in a defined list. You can only insert elements in order. For example, you cant insert a 3rd element if the 2nd and 1st elements are not defined. ³ Define L1={1,2,3} and insert a fourth element, 6.
Chapter 5: Lists 4. 105 Change the 4th element, 6, to 8. -l8X -v1D4Eb 5. Display results in the List editor, if desired. 3 Using Math Functions with Lists When a math function (see Chapter 2: Math Operations) is applied to a list, it is calculated for every element in the list. Therefore, the function must be valid for every element in the list. You cannot perform a mathematical function on two lists of different sizes. For example, {1,2,3}+{4,5,6,7} results in an error.
106 3. Chapter 5: Lists Calculate L5 2. -v56b L52= {42, 52, 62}= {16,25,36} 4. Select Radian mode setting and calculate cos(L6). .##"b -l: -u3 -v6Eb Use " to scroll to see the entire answers. For more information, see Chapter 11: Trigonometry. 7305ENG.
6 Statistical Plots Steps for Defining a Stat Plot ........................................... 108 Defining Statistical Data in Lists ....................................... 109 Deselecting Y n Functions.................................................. 109 Defining a Stat Plot ........................................................... 109 Selecting Stat Plot Types ................................................... 111 Defining Stat Plot Options ................................................
108 Chapter 6: Statistical Plots Steps for Defining a Stat Plot Follow these basic steps when defining a statistical plot. You may not have to do all of them each time you graph the designated lists. Define numerical and categorical lists in the List editor. Deselect Y n functions, if desired. Define the stat plot by entering the STAT PLOTS menu and selecting Plot1, Plot2, or Plot3. Turn on the stat plot, select the Plot Type and define all corresponding options.
Chapter 6: Statistical Plots 109 Defining Statistical Data in Lists Statistical plots (stat plots) are graphical representations of data that has been stored in lists. Therefore, since you need to create your lists before you can define stat plots, review Chapter 5: Lists for information on naming and creating both numerical and categorical lists. Note: All examples in this chapter assume that you know how to enter lists in the List editor.
110 Chapter 6: Statistical Plots The Stat Plot Menu Screen -e PlotsOff and PlotsOn - e 4 and 5 From the STAT PLOTS menu, you can choose to turn all stat plots off or on. This determines whether or not they are displayed on the Graph screen when you press * or select a ( command. The TIN73 can graph all three stat plots at the same time, if desired. If you select either of these commands, the calculator returns you to the Home screen.
Chapter 6: Statistical Plots 111 The Stat Plot Editor - e 1 , 2 or 3 If the plot has been defined previously, that information is displayed when you select a plot number. From the Stat Plot editor, you select (turn on) or deselect (turn off) the stat plot, and you can select one of eight plot types (represented as icons) as well as any options that go with the type. Selecting Stat Plot Types To select a stat plot type, display the Stat Plot editor.
112 Chapter 6: Statistical Plots Defining Stat Plot Options The plot type you select determines which options you can select. Therefore, when you select a different type, the options adjust automatically, if necessary. • To specify a list name, use the - v Ls menu. Highlight the list name you want with the cursor keys, and then press b. The TIN73 inserts the name at the cursor location. • To select an option, highlight the one you want with the cursor keys, and then press b.
Chapter 6: Statistical Plots 113 For option: Do the following: CategList Specify a defined categorical list. List dimension must be from 1 to 7 and must be the same length as all corresponding Data Lists. Data List or Specify a defined numerical list. All Data Lists must be the same length as the corresponding CategList. DataList# Scale Specify a number which represents the quantity of each Pictograph icon. 1Scale99999.
114 Chapter 6: Statistical Plots Adjusting Window Values and Format If you press * to display all selected stat plots, sometimes you see a blank screen. Try adjusting your viewing window. The easiest way to do this is with the ( 7:ZoomStat command. This adjusts the viewing window automatically so that all points of all turned on stat plots are visible. To adjust window values manually, press '.
115 Chapter 6: Statistical Plots ³ For the years 1978 -1984, determine in which baseball league, North or South, the homerun leader tends to hit more home runs. Use Scatter plots to find your solution. Year Home Runs Year NORTH SOUTH 1. Home Runs NORTH SOUTH 1978 40 46 1982 37 39 1979 48 45 1983 40 39 1980 48 41 1984 36 43 1981 31 22 Create three lists in the List editor, YEAR, NORTH, and SOUTH. 3 For more information on entering lists, see Chapter 5: Lists. 2.
116 6. Chapter 6: Statistical Plots Define Plot2 as shown to the right. 2b#b# - v YEAR b # - v SOUTH b#"b 7. Using different marks helps you distinguish between Plot1 and Plot2. Display the stat plots using the ZoomStat command. (7 8. Trace the Scatter plots to find the solution to the question. ) ! and " (to trace point to point) $ and # (to move from plot to plot) Solution 9.
Chapter 6: Statistical Plots 117 Pictograph Î In a Pictograph, an icon symbolizes the quantities being represented. Pictographs are useful for observing changes in quantity over time. They also can illustrate comparisons between similar situations. The calculator displays no more than seven Pictograph icons for up to seven categories on the screen. Therefore, if Scale is not big enough (meaning that Data List is broken up by more than seven icons), you get an INVALID DIM error.
118 2. Chapter 6: Statistical Plots Turn off all stat plots. -e4b 3. Display the STAT PLOTS menu. -e 4. Define Plot1 as a Pictograph as shown to the right. Select the Î icon. 1b#""b # - v CITY b#-v MILES b # 5 0 0 # b#b 5. Display the stat plots. * 6. Trace, if desired. Highlighted column ) As you press " and !, the calculator highlights whole columns. Both list names and list values are displayed at the bottom of the screen. Dallas, TX, to Washington, DC is 1,927 km.
Chapter 6: Statistical Plots 119 The Xscl WINDOW value specifies the range of values for each interval of a Bar graph. The Yscl WINDOW value specifies the height of a bar in a Bar graph; in other words, it acts as your bar scale. To adjust Xscl and Yscl manually, press ' and enter the new values with the number keys. For more information about setting WINDOW values, see Chapter 9: Function Graphing. If you want the calculator to adjust the WINDOW values for you automatically, press ( 7:ZoomStat.
120 5. Chapter 6: Statistical Plots Select Vert and 2, if necessary. ##b""" b 6. Display the stat plots. * 7. Trace the Bar graph, if desired. ) ! and " (to trace bar to bar) CategList DataList Name and bar value Pie Chart Ï A Pie chart is used to compare parts of a whole. The area of a pie piece is proportional to the part of 100% that it represents. You can display up to seven pie pieces. To trace the Pie chart with ), use " to trace clockwise and ! to trace counterclockwise.
Chapter 6: Statistical Plots 3. 121 Display the STAT PLOTS menu and select Plot1. -e1b 4. Define Plot1 as a Pie chart as shown to the right. #""""b# - v PETS b # - v AMNT b #"b 5. A percentage Pie chart Display the stat plot. * 6. Trace the Pie chart, if desired. 8 birds is 23.529% of the total pets owned.
122 1. Chapter 6: Statistical Plots Create two lists in the List editor, SCORE and FREQ. 3 For more information on entering lists, see Chapter 5: Lists. 2. Turn off all stat plots. -e4b 3. Display the STAT PLOTS menu. -e 4. Define Plot1 as a Histogram as shown to the right. 1b#"""" "b#-v SCORE b # - v FREQ b 5. Display the stat plot using the ZoomStat command and trace the Histogram. (7) ! and " (to trace bar to bar) 6. Select the Ò icon.
Chapter 6: Statistical Plots 7. 123 Graph and trace the adjusted Histogram. *) " and ! (to trace bar to bar) Solution Intervals=10 because Xscl=10 14 scores fall between 70-80. 3 students received a D. 14 students received a C. 7 students received a B. 6 students received an A. Box Plot Ö A Box plot illustrates median applications of a data list.
124 Chapter 6: Statistical Plots ³ Graph the test scores data from the Histogram example as a Box plot. (See previous section, if necessary.) 1. Turn off all stat plots. -e4b 2. Display the Stat Plots menu. -e 3. Define Plot1 as a Box plot as shown to the right. 1b#"""" Select the Ö icon. ""b#-v SCORE b # - v FREQ b 4. Display the stat plot using the ZoomStat command. (7 5. Trace the Box plot.
Chapter 6: Statistical Plots 125 ³ Graph the test scores data from the Histogram and Box plot examples as a Modified Box plot. (See those sections, if necessary.) However, adjust SCORE and FREQ by inserting two outlier data points: 112 and 40, both at a frequency of 1. 1. Edit SCORE and FREQ in the List editor. 3 For more information on entering lists, see Chapter 5: Lists. 2. Turn off all STAT PLOTS. -e4b 3. Display the STAT PLOTS menu. -e 4.
126 Chapter 6: Statistical Plots 7306ENG.
7 Statistical Analyses The - v MATH Menu................................................ 128 min( and max( - v " " 1 and 2 ..................... 128 mean(, median(, and mode( - v " " 3, 4, and 5..................................... 130 stdDev( - v " " 6 ........................................... 131 sum( - v " " 7................................................ 132 The - v CALCULATE Menu....................................... 133 Using Frequency Lists with - v CALC Menu Items ............................
128 Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses The - v MATH Menu The - v MATH menu allows you to calculate statistical analyses with lists (see chapter 5: Lists). -v"" 1:min( Returns the minimum of two real numbers, lists, or expressions. 2:max( Returns the maximum of two real numbers, lists, or expressions. 3:mean( Returns the calculated average of the values in a list. 4:median( Returns the middle value occurring in a list. 5:mode( Returns the most frequently occurring element in a list.
Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses 129 If both arguments are lists, they must have the same number of elements. If one argument is a list and the other a non-list, the non-list is compared with each element of the list, and a list is returned. min(valueA,valueB) min(list) max( (maximum) functions exactly like min(, but it always returns the larger of two values or the largest element in a list. Simply substitute max( in place of min( in the syntax models above.
130 Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses mean(, median(, and mode( - v " " 3, 4, and 5 returns the median (the middle element) of list when the elements, even if the list elements are not arranged in numerical order. With an even number of elements, the calculator returns the average of the two middle elements. median( returns the mean (mathematical average) of list. mode( returns the mode (element which occurs most frequently) of list.
Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses 2. 131 Return to the Home screen, and calculate the average of the test scores. -l: -v""3 - v TEST b¡-v FREQ b E b Solution David's final course average is 80.25. stdDev( - v " " 6 stdDev( returns the standard deviation of list. If a second list, freq, is specified, it is interpreted as the frequency of the elements in the first list. list and freq must have the same number of elements.
132 Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses sum( - v " " 7 sum( (summation) returns the sum of all elements in list. Specify the additional optional arguments to return the sum of the range of elements between start and end. start and end represent element places, not the element values.
Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses 133 The - v CALC Menu The - v CALC menu allows you to calculate statistical analyses on lists. When you choose an item from the menu, the calculator returns a list of statistical variables. Following the 1-Var Stats and 2-Var Stats explanation, a list and definition of all possible statistical variables is provided. - v " " " o r -v! 1:1-Var Stats Calculates 1-variable statistics. 2:2-Var Stats Calculates 2-variable statistics.
134 Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses Non-integer freq elements are valid. This is useful when entering frequencies expressed as percentages or parts that add up to 1. However, if freq contains non-integer frequencies, Sx and Sy (sample standard deviation) are undefined, and values are not displayed for Sx and Sy in the statistical results. 1-Var Stats and 2-Var Stats - v ! 1 and 2 (one-variable statistics) analyzes data from one list with one measured variable (X).
Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses 2. 135 Return to the Home screen, and calculate the 1-Var Stats for the lists. -l: -v!1 -v1¡ -v2b Press $ and # to scroll all results. ³ Find the 2-Var Stats for L1 (XList) and L2 (YList), where L1={1,3,4,5,5,7,8,9} and L2={1,4,2,3,4,6,7,9}. {L3=1,2,2,2,4,4,3,3}. 1. Use L3 as freq, where Define the three lists in the List editor, L1, L2, and L3. 3 For more information on entering lists, see Chapter 5: Lists. 2.
136 Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses What Do the Results Mean? 1-Var Stats and 2-Var Stats variables are calculated and stored as indicated below. To access these variables for use in expressions, press - } 3:Statistics and select the appropriate menu. If you edit a list or change the type of analysis, all statistical variables are cleared. Variables Definition VARS Menu Mean of all x or y values. XY Sum of all x values or y values. G or Gy2 Sum of all x2 values or y 2 values.
Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses 137 Variables Definition VARS Menu r Correlation coefficient EQ r 2 or R2 Coefficient of determination EQ RegEQ Regression equation EQ x1,y1,x2,y2, Summary points PTS Regressionà fit coefficients EQ x3,y3 a, b, c n (number of data points) n=number of x data points in a 1-Var Stats analysis or the number of x and y data points in a 2-Var Stats analysis.
138 Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses Manual-Fit - v ! 3 allows you to fit a line to plotted data on the Graph screen manually (as opposed to the calculator automatically drawing it for you). You can execute Manual-Fit from either the Graph screen or the Home screen. Manual-Fit From the Graph screen, select Manual-Fit, and then draw the line (steps provided below). The linear equation in the form y=ax+b is shown at the top of the Graph screen.
Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses 139 ³ Graph a scatter plot for L1 and L2, where L1={1,3,4,5,5,7,8,9} and L2={1,4,2,3,4,6,7,9}, points. 1. and use Manual-Fit to draw a line through the Set Decimal Notation mode to 2, if desired. .#"""b 2. After entering the lists, define Plot1 as a scatter plot using L1 and L2, as shown to the right. -eb For more information on defining stat plots, see Chapter 6: Statistical Plots. 3. Turn off Y 2, Y 3, and Y 4, if they have been previously defined and selected.
140 6. Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses Move the cursor to the beginning point of line. " ! $ # (as necessary) b 7. Cursor changes to a small box. Move the cursor to the end point of line. " ! $ # (as necessary) 8. Draw the line. ax+b b 9. Adjust line with cursor keys, if necessary. "!$# b (when finished) 10. View the equation in the Y= editor, if desired. & Y 2, Y3, and Y4 may vary.
Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses 141 If freq is omitted, all values are used once. If XList and YList are not specified, the default list names are L1 and L2. To access Y n variables, press - } 2:Y-Vars. Med-Med [XList,YList,freq,Yn] ³ Graph a scatter plot for L1 and L2, where L1={1,3,4,5,5,7,8,9} and L2={1,4,2,3,4,6,7,9}, and use Med-Med to draw the median-median line through the points. 1. Set Decimal Notation mode to 2, if desired. .#"""b 2.
142 5. Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses View the line on the Graph screen. The Manual-Fit line, Y 1 (previous section). (7 The Med-Med line 6. View the equation stored to if desired. Y 2, & Y3 and Y4 may vary. LinReg(ax+b) - v ! 5 (linear regression) fits the model equation y=ax+b to the data using a least-squares fit. It displays the value for a (slope) and b (y-intercept); when DiagnosticOn is set, it also displays values for r 2 (coefficient of determination) and r (correlation coefficient).
Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses 143 ³ Graph a scatter plot for L1 and L2, where L1={1,3,4,5,5,7,8,9} and L2={1,4,2,3,4,6,7,9}, and use LinReg(ax+b) to draw the linear regression line through the points. 1. Set Decimal Notation mode to 2, if desired. .#"""b 2. After entering the lists, define Plot1 as a scatter plot using L1 and L2, as shown to the right. -e For more information on defining stat plots, see Chapter 6: Statistical Plots. 3.
144 5. Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses View the line on the Graph screen. The Manual-Fit line, Y 1 (see example from that section) (7 The LinReg(ax+b) line 6. View the equation stored to if desired. Y 2, & Y3 and Y4 may vary. QuadReg - v ! 6 QuadReg (quadratic regression) fits the second-degree polynomial y=ax 2+bx+c to the data. It displays values for a, b, and c; when DiagnosticOn is set, it also displays a value for r 2 (coefficient of determination).
Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses 145 ³ Graph a scatter plot for L1 and L2, where L1={1,3,4,5,5,7,8,9} and L2={1,4,2,3,4,6,7,9}, and use QuadReg to draw the quadratic regression curve through the points. 1. Set Decimal Notation mode to 2, if desired. .#"""b 2. After entering the lists, define Plot1 as a scatter plot using L1 and L2, as shown to the right. -e For more information on defining Stat plots, see Chapter 6: Statistical Plots. 3.
146 6. Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses View the equation stored to if desired. Y 1, & Y2, Y3, and Y4 may vary. ExpReg - v ! 7 (exponential regression) fits the model equation y=ab x to the data using a least-squares fit and transformed values x and ln(y). It displays values for a and b; when DiagnosticOn is set, it also displays values for r 2 (coefficient of determination) and r (correlation coefficient). The DiagnosticOn command is in the CATALOG (- |).
Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses 2. 147 After entering the lists, define Plot1 as a scatter plot using L1 and L2, as shown to the right. -e For more information on defining stat zplots, see Chapter 6: Statistical Plots. 3. Turn off Y 2, Y 3, and Y 4, if they have been previously defined and selected. -l: -}2 6 2¡3¡4b 4. Find the ExpReg curve, and store the results to Y 1. -l:v!7 -}2 1b Specifying ¨1 and ¨2 is optional since they are the default list names.
148 Chapter 7: Statistical Analyses 7307ENG.
8 Tables What Is a Table? ................................................................ 150 Steps for Creating a Table................................................. 151 Defining and Selecting Functions in the Y= Editor &.... 152 Setting Up the Table - f .................................... 153 Displaying the Table - i....................................... 154 Indpnt=Auto and Depend=Auto ............................... 155 Indpnt=Auto and Depend=Ask.................................. 156 Indpnt=Ask .
150 Chapter 8: Tables What Is a Table? A table displays coordinate pair (X,Y) solutions for a defined function. One column displays independent variable values (X), and all others display corresponding dependent variable values (Y). On the TIN73, functions can be displayed in one of three ways, as shown here with the function, Y 1=X 2-4X+3. Independent variable (X) Y= X2 N4X+3 Dependent variable (Y) The Y= editor (&) shows an algebraic representation.
Chapter 8: Tables 151 Steps for Creating a Table Follow these basic steps when defining a table. Define or edit up to four functions in the Y= editor. Select the Y n function(s) that you want to be included in the table. & Highlight =, and press b. Y 1 and Y 2 are selected; Y 3 is deselected. Set up the table. Display the table. Numeric Notation, Decimal Notation, and Angle mode settings determine the display of the elements. -f -i 7308ENG.
152 Chapter 8: Tables Defining and Selecting Functions in the Y= Editor & To create a table of values for a function, you first must define the function in the Y= editor. Press & to display the Y= editor; then define up to four functions, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y 4, in terms of the independent variable, X. For every selected function in the Y= editor, the calculator automatically creates a column of Y n values.
Chapter 8: Tables 153 Setting Up the Table - f Use the TABLE SETUP screen to specify the initial settings for your table. To select an Indpnt or Depend setting, highlight the one you want with the cursor, and then press b. -f TblStart Default=0 Specifies the first value displayed in the independent variable (X) column and can be any real number. @Tbl Specifies the increment by which the X values increase or decrease. Indpnt: Refers to the independent variable (X) column values.
154 Chapter 8: Tables Displaying the Table - i Once your functions are defined and selected in the Y= editor and you have set up your table in the TABLE SETUP screen, if necessary, you can display the table with - i. -i On the Table screen, you can see lower X values by placing the cursor anywhere in the X column and pressing $, as necessary (you cant scroll up from the Y n columns). To see higher X values, use # from anywhere on the Table screen.
Chapter 8: Tables 155 Indpnt=Auto and Depend=Auto Select these settings on the TABLE SETUP screen when you want all X and Y n values to appear automatically. ³ You have two dogs, Rover and Spot. You feed Rover 3 times a day. You feed Spot 4 times a day. How many times will Spot and Rover have eaten after 3 and 5 days? 1. Y 1=3X X=number of days Y=total times Rover has eaten Y 2 =4X X=number of days Y=total times Spot has eaten Reset default settings. -Ÿ7 2. 2 2 Display the Y= editor. & 3.
156 Chapter 8: Tables ³ How many times will Spot and Rover have eaten after 1, 3, and 4 weeks? (Refer to the previous example, if necessary.) 1. Set up the table where TblStart=0, @Tbl=7, Indpnt=Auto, and Depend=Auto. -f 0#7#b #b 2. TblStart=0 Display the table. -i X values change by 7 since @Tbl=7. After Day 7 (End of Week 1) Rover has eaten 21 times. Spot has eaten 28 times. After Day 21 (End of Week 3) Rover has eaten 63 times. Spot has eaten 84 times.
Chapter 8: Tables 157 ³ Display the number of times Rover has eaten after 4 days and 8 days, and display the number of times Spot has eaten after 3 days and 6 days. (Refer to the previous example, if necessary.) 1. Setup the table where TblStart=3, @Tbl=1, Indpnt=Auto, and Depend=Ask. -f 3#1#b#" b 2. Display the table. X starts with 3 because TblStart=3. -i 3. Display how many times Rover (Y 1) has eaten after 4 and 8 days. #"b ####b 4.
158 Chapter 8: Tables ³ How many total times will Spot and Rover have eaten after 16 days, 37 days, 52 days, and 74 days? (Refer to the previous examples, if necessary.) 1. Setup the table where Indpnt=Ask and Depend=Auto. TblStart and @Tbl values are ignored. -f ##"b #b 2. Display the table. -i 3. Enter X=16. 16b 4. Enter X=37, X=52, and X=74. 37b52 b74b After Day 16 Rover has eaten 48 times. Spot has eaten 64 times. After Day 37 Rover has eaten 111 times. Spot has eaten 148 times.
Chapter 8: Tables 159 Editing X Values from the Table Screen You can edit X values from the Table screen when Indpnt=Ask. ³ Change X=37 to X=36. (Refer to the previous example, if necessary.) 1. Display the current table. -i 2. Highlight X=37. # or $ (as necessary) 3. Move the cursor to the entry line. b 4. Clear the entry line. : 5. Enter 36 and insert it into table. 36b Table values are adjusted. 7308ENG.
160 Chapter 8: Tables Editing Y n from the Table Screen At any time you can edit Y n from the Table screen without returning to the Y= editor. ³ Change Y1 =3x to Y 1 =3x+5. (Refer to the previous example, if necessary.) 1. Display the Table screen, and highlight Y 1 with the cursor. -i " a nd $ (as necessary) 2. Move the cursor to the entry line. b 3. Clear the entry line. : 4. Enter 3X+5. 3I\5 5. Insert the equation back into the table. b 6. Table values are adjusted.
Chapter 8: Tables 161 Table Setup from the Home Screen You can store values to TblStart and @Tbl from the Home screen or the Program editor. These table variable names are on the - } 5:Table menu. You also can select DependAsk, DependAuto, IndpntAsk, and from a Program editor to turn on these settings during program execution. IndpntAuto ³ Assign 6 to TblStart and 3 to @Tbl from the Home screen. 1. Go to Home screen and clear, if desired. -l: 2. Store 6 to TblStart. 6X-}5 1b 3. Assign 3 to @Tbl.
162 Chapter 8: Tables 7308ENG.
9 Function Graphing Steps for Graphing a Function.......................................... 164 Example of Function Graphing......................................... 165 Defining Functions in the Y= Editor & ......................... 167 Entering Functions ...................................................... 167 Editing Functions ........................................................ 168 Selecting Functions ..................................................... 168 Exiting the Y= Editor ...............
164 Chapter 9: Function Graphing Steps for Graphing a Function Follow these basic steps when graphing a function. You may not have to do all of them each time. Define or edit up to four functions in the Y= editor. Select the Y n function(s) that you want to graph. Deselect statistical plots, if desired (Chapter 7). & Highlight =, and then press b to select or deselect. Y 1 is selected; Y 3 is deselected. Set the graph style for each selected function. Set the window format.
Chapter 9: Function Graphing 165 Example of Function Graphing ³ For every cookie Tham eats, Antonio eats two. How many cookies does Antonio eat if Tham eats 1 cookie, 2 cookies, 3 cookies, and 4 cookies? Find the equation that represents the relationship between how many cookies Tham eats and how many Antonio eats, and represent your answers in the form of a function graph.
166 Chapter 9: Function Graphing ³ Graph Y=2X on your calculator and find the solutions to the word problem. 1. Display the Y= editor. & 2. Clear Y 1=, if necessary. Enter Y 1=2X. :2I 3. Your Y= editor may vary. Deselect all other defined functions, if necessary. Show the table of (X,Y) coordinate pairs, if desired; use TblStart=0 and @Tbl=1. -i See Chapter 8: Tables for more information about function tables. 4. Use $ and # to scroll the X column. Define the viewing window for Quadrant 1 only.
Chapter 9: Function Graphing 167 Defining Functions in the Y= Editor & Use the Y= editor to define up to four functions, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y 4, in terms of the independent variable, X. Press & to display the Y= editor. The TIN73 graphs up to four defined functions at the same time. If the result of an expression is not a real number, that point is not plotted. You do not get an error.
168 Chapter 9: Function Graphing Editing Functions You can edit or delete functions at any time in the Y= editor. Move the cursor to the function in the Y= editor that you want to change. You can: • Use the edit keys such as / and - m to delete and insert characters. • Overwrite current entries. • Delete a function with :. Position the cursor anywhere on the function. Selecting Functions Even if a function is defined in the Y= editor, the TIN73 only graphs the function if it is selected (turned on).
Chapter 9: Function Graphing 169 See Chapter 6: Statistical Plots for more information on defining and graphing stat plots. Plot1 is selected. Plot2 and Plot3 are deselected. Exiting the Y= Editor To select another screen, press the appropriate key, such as * or '. Press - l to return to the Home screen. Selecting a Graph Style For a defined function, you can set one of seven styles that specify the appearance of a function graph.
170 Chapter 9: Function Graphing Icon Style Description ç Line Connects plotted points with a line. This is the default. è Thick Connects plotted points with a thick line. é Above Shades the area above the graph. ê Below Shades the area below the graph. ë Path A circular cursor traces the graph and draws the path. ì Animate A circular cursor traces the graph without drawing the path. í Dot Displays a dot at each plotted point. Example (Y 1=2x) 7309ENG.
Chapter 9: Function Graphing 171 ³ Set the Below graph style for Y 2=3X+5. 1. Enter the Y= editor and define Y 2=3X+5. &#:3I\5 2. Highlight the graph style icon (to the left of the Y 2) and select the graph style, Below. !!!!!! bbb 3. Display the graph. (6 Setting the Window Format -g The window format screen lets you choose display settings. These apply to function graphing and statistical plotting. -g 7309ENG.
172 Chapter 9: Function Graphing Setting Turns these on or off: CoordOn/ X- and Y-coordinates of the cursor at the bottom of the screen. Useful when tracing a graph. CoordOff Example: CoordOn GridOn Grid lines that correspond to the axes tick marks. AxesOn/ X- and Y-axes. GridOff/ GridOn AxesOff AxesOff LabelOff/ LabelOn ExprOn/ ExprOff Labels for the X- and Yaxes. These settings are disregarded when AxesOff is selected.
Chapter 9: Function Graphing 173 Defining Window Values If you enter a function in the Y= editor and press *, but nothing happens or the graph doesnt look the way you expect it to, you may need to adjust the WINDOW values ('). Depending upon which section of a graph you specify through the WINDOW values, the display on your calculator screen can look very different. In the example below, the first calculator screen uses WINDOW values which include all four quadrants for the function, Y 1=X¦cos(X).
174 Chapter 9: Function Graphing The Window Values Screen ' values put specific boundaries on the display. For an explanation of @X, see the section in this chapter entitled Controlling the Increments of a Trace. WINDOW To exit the WINDOW menu, select another screen by pressing the appropriate key, or press - l to return to the Home screen. ' Xmin The minimum value on the X-axis; must be less than Xmax. Xmax The maximum value on the X-axis.
Chapter 9: Function Graphing 175 Determining Window Values for a Specific Graph The following example shows how you can adjust the WINDOW values manually (as opposed to using the standard WINDOW values set by ( 6:ZStandard). ³ Yuko practices the piano 50 minutes per day. How many minutes has he practiced after 2, 4, and 5 days? Graph your answer. X=number of days Y=number of total minutes Y=50X 1. A table of coordinate pairs would look like this: X 2 4 5 2.
176 Chapter 9: Function Graphing ³ Graph the function, Y 1=50X, on your calculator. 1. Display the Y= editor. & 2. Enter Y 1=50X. :50I Note: Deselect any other functions by highlighting the corresponding = and pressing b. 3. Graph the function using standard window values (ZStandard). Y 2 is now deselected. Standard values do not work well for all functions. (6 4. Adjust the WINDOW values to match the sample graph from the previous page. ' 0#6##1#0# 300#50 5. Graph Y 1. * 6.
Chapter 9: Function Graphing 7. 177 Find the Y values when X= 2, 4, and 5. 2b4b5b Note: Consider using the CONVERSIONS menu (- ‚ 4) to convert your answers (in minutes) to seconds, hours, days, weeks, or years. When X=4, Y=200. If you trace ()) the graph with the cursor keys to an X value greater than Xmax or less than Xmin, the cursor goes off the Graph screen, but the corresponding Y values are still displayed since they exist.
178 Chapter 9: Function Graphing To pause while a graph is being drawn, press b; press b again to resume plotting. Press ^ to stop graphing. Press * to start over and plot again. Smart Graph When you press *, the Graph screen immediately displays (instead of replotting) the previous function graph(s) if no changes were made. If changes were made, the functions are replotted. The graph is replotted if you have: • Changed a function. • Selected or deselected a function.
Chapter 9: Function Graphing 179 When more than one function (or stat plot) is selected and graphed, press $ and # to move the cursor from one function graph to another. The cursor movement is based on the order of the functions as they appear in the Y= editor and not on the appearance of the functions as graphed on the screen. (However, the TIN73 starts with selected statistical plots first.) The function number in the upper right corner of the display changes as you move to the various graphs.
180 Chapter 9: Function Graphing ³ Graph Y 1=2X with ZStandard. 1. Define Y 1=2X in the Y= editor. &:2I Note: Deselect any other functions by highlighting the corresponding = and pressing b. 2. Graph and trace the function. (6 ) " ! (as necessary) The TIN73 chooses the X-value increments. ³ Assign .5 to @X, and graph and trace Y 1=2X. '##.5 ) ! and " X- coordinates change in increments of .5. 7309ENG.
Chapter 9: Function Graphing 181 Adjusting Window Values with the ( ZOOM Menu The ( ZOOM menu items allow you to adjust the viewing WINDOW of a graph quickly in a variety of ways. From the Graph screen, press ' to see the adjusted WINDOW values. 1:ZBox, 2:Zoom In, and 3:Zoom Out, require you to move the cursor first to define the viewing window. ( 1:ZBox Lets you draw a box around a specific section of the Graph screen. The calculator then zooms in on the area inside the box.
182 Chapter 9: Function Graphing 6:ZStandard Sets the standard (default) WINDOW variables. Replots the graph immediately. 7:ZoomStat Sets the WINDOW values for the current stat lists. Replots the graph immediately. 8:ZDecimal Sets @X and @Y to 0.1 and centers the origin. Replots the graph immediately; press ) to view the new coordinate values. 9:ZoomFit Adjusts Ymin and Ymax so that the Graph screen displays the full range of Y variable values. Replots the graph immediately.
Chapter 9: Function Graphing 2. 183 Select the ZBox function and return to the function graph. (1 3. Move the cursor to one corner of the box you want to define. Cursor changes to a small square. "!$#b 4. Move the cursor to the corner diagonally opposite from the first one. "!$# 5. Replot the graph. b The cursor is in the center of the new screen. Zoom In and Zoom Out ( 2 and 3 magnifies the graph around the cursor location.
184 2. Chapter 9: Function Graphing Select the Zoom In operation for the function graph. (2 3. You want to zoom in on this side of the graph. Move the cursor to the point that you want as the center of the new viewing window. "!$# 4. Replot the graph. b The cursor point becomes the center of the new window. works exactly the same way as Zoom In. The calculator zooms out automatically around the center point.
Chapter 9: Function Graphing 185 Other Zoom Operations All other Zoom commands, ZQuadrant, ZSquare, ZoomStat, ZDecimal, ZoomFit, and ZTrig, replot immediately all selected functions and adjust WINDOW values according to their definitions. For ZDecimal, press ) to view the new coordinate values. Examples of these operations are included in Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference.
186 Chapter 9: Function Graphing SetFactors ( " 2 The zoom factors, XFact and YFact, are positive real numbers 1. They define the magnification or reduction factor used to Zoom In or Zoom Out around a cursor point. The default values for both XFact and YFact are 4. Highlight the factor you want to change, press :, and then enter the new value. XFact and YFact do not affect any other Zoom operations. 7309ENG.
10 Drawing The 2 DRAW Menu ..................................................... 188 ClrDraw 2 1 ......................................................... 189 Line( 2 2 .............................................................. 189 Horizontal and Vertical 2 3 and 4 ..................... 191 Shade( 2 5 ........................................................... 193 Circle( 2 6 ............................................................ 195 Text( 2 7 ....................................................
188 Chapter 10: Drawing The 2 DRAW Menu The 2 DRAW menu items let you draw on top of function graphs and stat plots (see Chapter 9: Function Graphing and Chapter 6: Statistical Plots). The way the TIN73 interprets draw instructions depends on whether you accessed the menu items from the Home screen or the Program editor, or directly from a graph. Note: Redefining WINDOW values, graphing a Y n function or stat plot, or pressing ( erases all drawn items from the Graph screen.
Chapter 10: Drawing 189 ClrDraw 2 1 ClrDraw clears all drawn elements from the Graph screen. All points, lines, and shading drawn with 2 DRAW menu items are temporary. Therefore, if you leave the Graph screen, and then return, all drawings are erased. If you select ClrDraw from the Graph screen, the current graph is replotted and displayed with no drawn elements. You can save drawings and recall them with the 2 STO menu.
190 Chapter 10: Drawing ³ Draw a line segment from the Graph screen. 1. Clear all previous drawings, and select the beginning point of the line segment. (62122 #$"! (as necessary) b 2. The cursor becomes a small box. Select the ending point of the line segment. #$"! (as necessary) b The line segment is finished. Line( from the Home Screen or Program Editor From the Home screen or the Program editor, Line( can draw or erase a line segment from point (X 1,Y1) to (X2,Y2) on the Graph screen.
Chapter 10: Drawing 191 ³ From the Home screen, draw a line segment from (0,0) to (6,9). 1. From the Home screen, clear the Graph screen. -l: 21b 2. Specify the (X,Y) coordinates and draw the line segment. 22 0¡0¡6¡9Eb ' is set to standard default values. ³ Erase the portion of the line from (2,3) to (4,6). -l22 2¡3¡4¡6¡0E b Horizontal and Vertical 2 3 and 4 Horizontal and Vertical draw a horizontal or vertical line on the Graph screen.
192 Chapter 10: Drawing Horizontal and Vertical from the Graph Screen To draw a horizontal or vertical line on the Graph screen: 1. From the Graph screen, select 2 3 or 4. The cursor appears in the middle of the Graph screen. The X- and Y-coordinates are shown at the bottom of the screen. 2. A line is displayed that moves as you move the cursor. Place the cursor on the Y-coordinate (for horizontal lines) or the X-coordinate (for vertical lines) through which you want the line to pass. 3.
Chapter 10: Drawing 193 draws a vertical line at X=x. x can be an integer or an expression. Vertical Vertical x ³ From the Home screen, draw a horizontal line at Y=4. -l: 21b23 4b ' is set to standard default values. ³ Draw a vertical line at X=4. -l24 4b Shade( 2 5 With Shade(, you can shade areas above and below functions on the Graph screen. You can execute Shade( only from the Home screen or in a programming instruction. Shade( accepts two mandatory arguments and four optional arguments.
194 Chapter 10: Drawing To use Shade( from the Home screen or a program: 1. Select 2 5. 2. Enter two functions, lower and upper, in terms of X. After the instruction is executed, the calculator graphs the functions and shades above lower and below upper. 3. Enter left and right, the left and right X boundaries, if desired. Xmin and Xmax are the defaults. 4. Enter the shading pattern number, pattern, if desired.
Chapter 10: Drawing 195 -l: 21b 25IT2¡I 13T8IEb ³ Enter a left X boundary, M2, and a right X boundary, 5, for the same functions. -l21b -£-£ !¡a2¡5Eb ` 5 is the right boundary. Circle( 2 6 M2 is the left boundary. You can execute the Circle( instruction from the Graph screen, Home screen, or the Program editor. Circle( from the Graph Screen To draw a circle on the Graph screen: 1. From the Graph screen, select 2 6. The cursor appears in the middle of the Graph screen.
196 Chapter 10: Drawing ³ Draw a circle from the Graph screen. 1. Clear all previous drawings, and select the center point of the circle. *2126 # $ " ! (as necessary) b 2. Move the cursor to a point on the circumference. $#"! (as necessary) 3. Draw the circle. b Circle( from the Home Screen or Program Editor From the Home screen or the Program editor, you can draw a circle on the Graph screen.
Chapter 10: Drawing 197 Text( 2 7 You can access Text( from the Graph screen, Home screen, or the Program editor. Text( allows you to draw text on the Graph screen when a graph is displayed. Use the Text editor (- t) to access all text characters. You may enter TIN73 functions, variables, and instructions as text. The font is proportional, so the exact number of characters you can place on the graph varies. Text( from the Graph Screen To draw text on the Graph screen: 1.
198 Chapter 10: Drawing Text( from the Home Screen or the Program Editor From the Home screen or the Program editor, you can draw text on the Graph screen. accepts three mandatory arguments: row and column, which specify the pixel value of the top-left corner of the first character, and text, which can be functions, variables, or text instructions. Text( Text(row,column,text) Text(row,column,"text") row is an integer between 0 and 57 and column is an integer between 0 and 94.
Chapter 10: Drawing 2. 199 Using the Text editor, enter "QUAD1". -t"b QbUb AbDb1 " b Done b E b Pen 2 8 Pen draws any shape you want, including irregular or unusual ones. You can execute Pen only from the Graph screen. You cannot execute Pen from the Home screen or the Program editor. To draw your own shape on the Graph screen: 1. From the Graph screen, select 2 8. The cursor appears in the middle of the Graph screen. The X- and Ycoordinates are shown at the bottom of the screen. 2.
200 Chapter 10: Drawing ³ Draw a happy face on the Graph screen. 1. Clear all previous drawings, and then select AxesOff. *21 -g##" b 2. First draw a circle. *26b $ (as necessary) b 3. Use Pen( to draw the eyes. 28 # and ! (as necessary) bb " (as necessary) bb 4. Draw the mouth. # b (to begin smile) ! # (repeat as necessary) ! (repeat as necessary) ! $ (repeat as necessary) 7310ENG.
Chapter 10: Drawing 201 The 2 POINTS Menu The 2 POINTS menu items let you draw or erase individual points or pixels on top of function graphs and stat plots (see Chapter 9: Function Graphing and Chapter 6: Statistical Plots). The way the TIN73 interprets the point instructions depends on whether you accessed the instructions from the Home screen or the Program editor, or directly from a graph.
202 Chapter 10: Drawing Pt-On(, Pt-Off(, and Pt-Change( 2 " 1, 2, and 3 Pt-On(, Pt-Off(, and Pt-Change( turn on, off, or change the status of a point from the Graph screen, Home screen, or Program editor. A point (as opposed to a pixel) is tied directly to the X- and Yaxes. The screen is divided into X- and Y-coordinates as specified by (X,Y). The points that you can view depend upon how the WINDOW values are defined. For example, if standard WINDOW values are set, M10X10 and M10Y10.
Chapter 10: Drawing 203 ³ Draw points from the Graph screen. 1. Select AxesOn, if desired, and then clear all previous drawings. -g##b *21 2. Select the beginning point where you want to draw the point. 2"1"!$# (as necessary) 3. Draw the point. b 4. Repeat as necessary. ³ Erase four points from the Graph screen. 1. Move the cursor to the point you want to erase. *2"2 "!$# (as necessary) b 2. Repeat as necessary. 7310ENG.
204 Chapter 10: Drawing Pt-On(, Pt-Off(, and Pt-Change( from the Home Screen and Program Editor From the Home screen or the Program editor, you can draw, erase, or change a points status on the Graph screen. Pt-On(, Pt-Off(, and Pt-Change( accept two mandatory arguments: X and Y, which specify the coordinates of the point that you want to draw, erase, or change. Pt-On( and Pt-Off( have one optional argument, mark, which determines the points appearance.
Chapter 10: Drawing 205 Pxl-On(, Pxl-Off(, and Pxl-Change( 2 " 4, 5, and 6 Pxl-On(, Pxl-Off(, and Pxl-Change( turn on, off, or change the status of a pixel only from the Home screen or the Program editor. When you select a pixel instruction from the 2 POINTS menu, the TIN73 returns you to the Home screen or the Program editor. Since the pixel instructions are not interactive, they cannot be used from the Graph screen. A pixel is independent of the X- and Y- axes.
206 Chapter 10: Drawing pxl-Test( 2 " 7 You can execute pxl-Test( only from the Home screen or the Program editor. tests a pixel at (row,column) to see if it is turned on or off. If it is on, pxl-Test( returns 1. If it is off, pxl-Test( returns 0. 0row57 and 0column94. pxl-Test( pxl-Test(row,column) ³ Test to see if the pixel at (45,35) is turned on or off. -l2"7 45¡35Eb The 2 STO Menu The 2 STO (store) menu lets you store or recall up to three pictures in memory.
Chapter 10: Drawing 207 StorePic 2 " " 1 You can execute StorePic only from the Home screen or Program editor. You can store up to three pictures, each of which is an image of the current graph display, in picture variables Pic1, Pic2, or Pic3. Later, you can superimpose the stored picture onto a displayed graph from the Home screen or a program. A picture includes drawn elements, plotted functions, axes, and tick marks.
208 Chapter 10: Drawing RecallPic 2 " " 2 You can execute RecallPic only from the Home screen or Program editor. Use RecallPic to recall the graph picture stored in the picture variables Pic1, Pic2, or Pic3. accepts one mandatory argument, number, which specifies the number of the picture variable that you want to recall. For example, if you enter 3, the TIN73 recalls Pic3. Pressing b displays the current graph and superimposes Pic3 on it.
11 Trigonometry The - u TRIG Menu................................................... 210 Trig Functions - u 1, 3, and 5 .......................... 210 Inverse Trig Functions - u 2, 4, and 6 ............... 211 Angle Mode Settings .................................................. 211 Graphing Trig Functions ................................................... 214 The - u ANGLE Menu ............................................... 215 Using ¡ and r to Specify Degrees and Radians - u " 1 and 4................
210 Chapter 11: Trigonometry The - u TRIG Menu The - u TRIG (trigonometry) menu accesses the trigonometric (trig) functions (sin(, cos(, tan() and their inverses (sin-1(, cos-1(, tan -1(). -u The sine, cosine, and tangent of an angle (q) are defined by the lengths of the sides of a right triangle.
Chapter 11: Trigonometry 211 Hint: This chapters section entitled Graphing Trig Functions contains an example which graphs and traces Y 1=tan(X) to show undefined Y values for the function. Inverse Trig Functions - u 2, 4, and 6 The inverse trig functions calculate the smallest angle that gives a particular sine, cosine, or tangent. For example, sin -1(.5) calculates the angle whose sine is .5.
212 Chapter 11: Trigonometry Degrees ( ¡ ) 90¡ 180¡ 1¡= 1 of a circle 360 0¡, 360¡ Radians ( r ) p 2 p 1 r = 1 of a circle 2p 0, 2p Note: 1 r = 57.29578¡ 270¡ 3p 2 To perform a trig calculation, select the Angle mode for your value and then select the function. In Radian Angle mode, angles are often defined in terms of p. ³ Calculate sin(30) in both degrees and radians. 1. Select the Degree Angle mode. .##b 2. Return to the Home screen, and clear it, if desired. -l: 3. Enter sin(30).
Chapter 11: Trigonometry 213 ³ In Degree Angle mode, calculate tan-1(1). Check your answer. 1. Select the Degree Angle mode. .##b 2. Return to the Home screen, and clear it, if desired. -l: 3. Enter tan -1(1). -u6 1Eb 4. Using the result, enter tan(45). -u5 45Eb This confirms the previous result. ³ In Radian mode, calculate cos(p/4). 1. Select the Radian Angle mode. .##"b 2. Return to the Home screen, and clear it, if desired. -l: 3. Enter cos(p/4). -u3 -„F4Eb 7311ENG.
214 Chapter 11: Trigonometry Graphing Trig Functions In addition to using the calculator to solve trig functions numerically, as described so far in this chapter, you can solve trig functions graphically. For more information on generating function tables or graphing functions, see Chapter 8: Tables and Chapter 9: Function Graphing. ³ In Degree Angle mode, find four Y values where Y 1=tan(X) is undefined. Check your answer by displaying the table for Y 1. 1. Select Degree Angle mode, if necessary. .
Chapter 11: Trigonometry 6. 215 Use the table to check your result. Set TblStart=90, @Tbl=60, Indpnt=Auto and Depend=Auto. -f90#60 -i $ or # , as necessary From these two screens, you know that tan(X) is undefined at X=M270, M90, 90, 270, 450. The - u ANGLE Menu The ANGLE menu lets you specify the unit (degrees, radians, or DMS) of an angle, and it lets you convert an angle from one unit to another. -u" 1:¡ Designates an angle as degrees, regardless of the current Angle mode setting or DMS notation.
216 Chapter 11: Trigonometry Using ¡ and r to Specify Degrees and Radians - u " 1 and 4 Normally, angles are interpreted according to the Angle mode setting. However, you can specify an angle as degrees or radians regardless of the Angle mode. Suppose a series of trig calculations uses radians, but a few use degrees. Rather than change from Radian to Degree Angle mode and then back again, you can stay in the Radian Angle mode and specify some angles as degrees. ³ In Radian Angle mode, calculate sin(p/3).
Chapter 11: Trigonometry 217 Converting between Degrees and Radians Set the Angle mode to the unit you want to convert to because results are displayed according to the Angle mode setting. Then use ¡ or r to designate the unit to convert from. ³ Convert 50¡ to radians. 1. Set Angle mode to Radian. .##"b 2. Return to the Home screen, and clear it, if desired. -l: 3. Enter the value to convert, Use ¡ to specify it as degrees. 50. 50-u"1b 50¡ converted to radians. ³ Convert 50r to degrees. 1.
218 Chapter 11: Trigonometry Entering Angles in DMS Notation - u " 1, 2, and 3 DMS (degrees¡ minutes' seconds") is often used for angles involving latitude and longitude. The degrees can be any real number; minutes and seconds must be 0. To enter an angle in DMS notation, use the - u ANGLE menu.
Chapter 11: Trigonometry 5. 219 Calculate sin(30¡10'23"). -l -£b DMS notation overrides Radian mode. In Radian mode, if you enter an angle only (without a trig function) in DMS notation (as shown in the following example), the angle is interpreted as degrees, but converted to a result in radians. ³ Convert 20¡10'14" to radians. 1. Select Radian Angle mode. .##"b 2. Return to the Home screen, and clear it, if desired. -l: 3. Enter 20¡10'14". 20-u"1 10-u"2 14-u"3 The result is in radians.
220 Chapter 11: Trigonometry 8DMS - u " 5 To convert angles to DMS notation, use 8DMS from the - u ANGLE menu. angle8DMS Entering ¡ overrides Radian mode. For example, if you enter 50¡8DMS in Radian mode, the calculator still interprets 50 as degrees and displays the DMS equivalent. In Radian mode, if you enter 508DMS (no ¡), the calculator interprets 50 as radians, and then displays the DMS equivalent. For example, 508DMS in Radian mode shows 2804¡47'20.312".
12 Programming What Is a Program? ........................................................... 223 Steps for Creating a Program ........................................... 223 Creating and Naming a New Program ............................. 224 Create New 8 " " 1 .......................................... 224 The Program Editor..................................................... 225 Entering Program Commands........................................... 226 The 8 CTL Menu .....................................
222 Chapter 12: Programming The 8 I/O Menu ........................................................... 241 Input 8 " 1......................................................... 242 Prompt 8 " 2 ..................................................... 244 Disp 8 " 3........................................................... 244 DispGraph 8 " 4 ................................................ 245 DispTable 8 " 5 ................................................. 245 Output( 8 " 6 ................................
Chapter 12: Programming 223 What Is a Program? A program is a series of one or more programming commands to be executed by the calculator. Each command is an expression or instruction and begins with a colon (:). The number and size of programs that the TIN73 can store is limited only by available memory. Steps for Creating a Program Follow these basic steps when creating and executing a program. You may not have to do all of them each time. Create a new program by naming it.
224 Chapter 12: Programming Creating and Naming a New Program You create a new program by selecting 1:Create New from the 8 NEW menu. You then are prompted to name the new program. 8"" 1:Create New Creates a new program and displays the PROGRAM Name= screen, prompting you to name the new program. Create New 8 " " 1 After you select 1:Create New from the 8 NEW menu, the TIN73 displays Name= to prompt you to name the new program. A program name can be one to eight characters long.
Chapter 12: Programming 3. Enter PROGRAM1 at the cursor. -tPb RbOb GbRb AbMb1 Done b 4. 225 Begin entering the name at the cursor. Display the Program editor with the name of the program on the top line. b The Program Editor You use the Program editor to enter and edit program commands. Enter the Program editor in one of two ways: • Create and name a new program from the 8 NEW menu with 1:Create New.
226 Chapter 12: Programming 8 " prgmName or 8""1-t prgmName D o n e bb Program Name Entering Program Commands The calculator contains built-in programming commands on three menus. You access these menus by pressing 8 from the Program editor. The first two menus, the 8 CTL menu and the 8 I/O menu, are discussed extensively in the next two sections. The third menu, the 8 EXEC menu, lets you call existing programs as subroutines. It is discussed in the section entitled, Executing a Program.
Chapter 12: Programming • 2 DRAW (excludes 8:Pen) • 1 MATH (excludes 6:Solver) • ( MEMORY (excludes 2:SetFactors) 227 Exiting the Program Editor Pressing &, ', *, - Ÿ, - l, or 3 exits the Program editor and displays the applicable screen. The calculator automatically saves all command lines in memory whenever you exit the Program editor. The 8 CTL Menu You can only access the 8 CTL (control) menu by pressing 8 from the Program editor.
228 Chapter 12: Programming 1:If Creates a conditional test. 2:Then Executes commands when If condition is true. 3:Else Executes commands when If condition is false. 4:For( Creates an incrementing loop. 5:While Creates a conditional loop. 6:Repeat Creates a conditional loop. 7:End Signifies the end of a block. 8:Pause Pauses program execution. 9:Lbl Defines a label. 0:Goto Goes to a label. A:IS>( Increments and skips if greater than. B:DS<( Decrements and skips if less than.
Chapter 12: Programming 229 If 8 1 Use If to execute one command depending upon condition. If condition is true (non-zero), then command1 is executed. If condition is false (zero), then command1 is skipped. If instructions can be nested. :If condition :command1 :command2 (if true) ³ Write a program named COUNT that adds one to variable A and displays the current value until A2. PROGRAM:COUNT :0"A :Lbl Z :A+1"A :Disp "A IS",A :Pause :If A2 :Stop :Goto Z Press b.
230 Chapter 12: Programming ³ Write a program named TEST that tests the values of variable X. If X<10, manipulate X and Y and then display both values. If X10, then display X and Y (without manipulating them). PROGRAM:TEST :1"X:10"Y :If X<10 :Then :2X+3"X :2Y-3"Y :End :Disp {X,Y} :Pause If-Then-Else 8 1, 2, and 3 Use If with Then and Else to execute only one of two blocks of commands depending upon condition. If condition is true (non-zero), then block1 is executed.
Chapter 12: Programming 231 ³ Write a program named TESTELSE that tests an input value, X. If X<0, then square it and store it to Y. If X0, then store it to Y. Display X and Y. PROGRAM:TESTELSE :Input "X=",X :If X<0 :Then :X 2"Y :Else :X"Y :End :Disp {X,Y} :Pause For( 8 4 Use For( to control how many times a loop is repeated. A For( command loops to repeat the same group of commands (block) and increments to control the number of times the loop is repeated.
232 Chapter 12: Programming While 8 5 Use While to test condition before the commands in the loop are executed. While performs a block of commands WHILE condition is true (non-zero). condition is frequently a relational test (Chapter 2: Math Operations) and is tested when While is encountered. End identifies the end of block. When condition is false (zero), the program executes each command following End. While instructions can be nested.
Chapter 12: Programming 233 ³ Write a program named RPTLOOP that increments two variables, I and J, and displays the value of J while I6. PROGRAM:RPTLOOP :0"I :0"J :Repeat I|6 :J+1"J :I+1"I :End :Disp "J=",J :Pause End 8 7 End identifies the end of a group of commands. You must include an End instruction at the end of each For(, While, or Repeat loop. Also, you must enter an End instruction at the end of each If-Then group and each If-Then-Else group.
234 Chapter 12: Programming ³ Write a program named PAUSE that stores a value to A, an equation to Y 1, graphs Y 1 using standard WINDOW values (ZStandard), pauses, and then displays A. PROGRAM:PAUSE :2"A For FnOff and Y 1, :FnOff press - } 2 1. :"X+A""Y 1 :ZStandard For ZStandard, :Pause press ( 6. :Disp "A=",A :Pause Lbl and Goto 8 9 and 0 Lbl Press b to get to next screen. Press b to end execution. (label) and Goto are used together for branching.
Chapter 12: Programming 235 IS>( 8 A IS>( (increment and skip if greater than) is used for testing and branching. IS>( adds 1 to variable. If the answer is > value (which can be an expression), then command1 is skipped; if the answer is { value, then command1 is executed. command2 is always executed. variable cannot be a system variable. IS>( is not a looping instruction. :IS>(variable,value) :command1 :command2 (if answer { value) ³ Write a program named ISKIP that displays A until A>5.
236 Chapter 12: Programming ³ Write a program named DSKIP that displays A until A<5. PROGRAM:DSKIP :9"A :Lbl S :Disp A :Pause :DS<(A,5) :Goto S :Disp "A IS NOW <5" :Pause Press b between A values. Menu( 8 C generates a menu of up to seven items during program execution. The pause indicator stays on until you select a menu item. The calculator then branches to the label corresponding with that item. Menu( The menu title is enclosed in quotation marks (" ") and can have up to 16 characters.
Chapter 12: Programming 237 The program above pauses until you select 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. If you select 2:FEBRUARY 19, for example, the menu disappears and the program continues execution at Lbl B. SetMenu( 8 D Like Menu(, SetMenu( sets up a menu of up to seven items. During program execution, the user assigns (and edits, as necessary) numerical values to each item. To assign a value, enter the value using the number keys, and then press b or #.
238 Chapter 12: Programming ³ Write a program named SETMENU that displays a menu of animal weights. Label the title WEIGHTS, show weight values of five different animals, and allow the user to change the weight values. PROGRAM:SETMENU :SetMenu("WEIGHTS","AARDVARK", A,"ELEPHANT",B,"ARMADILLO", C,"MONKEY",D," KANGAROO",E) A, B, and C were previously defined. For example, the ARMADILLO's weight is assigned to variable C. Enter new weights. prgm 8 E Use prgm to execute other programs as subroutines.
Chapter 12: Programming PROGRAM:VOLUME :Input "DIAMETER=",D :Input "HEIGHT=",H :prgmCALCAREA :A¦HÜV :Disp "VOLUME=",V :Pause 239 Press b after inputs. PROGRAM:CALCAREA :D/2ÜR :p¦R 2ÜA :Return Return 8 F Return quits the subroutine and returns execution to the calling program, even if it is encountered within nested loops. Any loops are ended. An implied Return exists at the end of any program that is called as a subroutine. Within the main program, Return stops execution and returns to the Home screen.
240 Chapter 12: Programming Press b after input. PROGRAM:STOP :Input "T=",T :If T20 :Then :Disp "T20" :Pause :Else :Stop Press b after input. You are returned to the Home screen. DelVar 8 H (delete variable) deletes the contents of variable from memory. You cannot delete a program or a system variable. DelVar :DelVar variable ³ Write a program named DELVAR that deletes the value for variable A from the calculators memory.
Chapter 12: Programming 241 For a detailed description of each graph style, see Chapter 9: Function Graphing. ³ Write a program named GRPHSTYL that defines the shade below graph style for Y 1=2X+5 and graphs it. PROGRAM:GRPHSTYL :FnOff For FnOff and Y 1, :"2X+5"ÜY 1 press - } 2 1. :GraphStyle(1,4) :ZStandard For ZStandard, press ( 6. The 8 I/O Menu You can only access the 8 I/O (input/output) menu by pressing 8 " from the Program editor.
242 Chapter 12: Programming 5:DispTable Displays the current table. 6:Output( Displays text or values at a specified position. 7:getKey Checks the keyboard for a keystroke. 8:ClrScreen Clears the Home screen. 9:ClrTable Clears the current table. 0:GetCalc( Gets a variable from another TIN73. A:Get( Gets a variable from the CBL 2/CBL or CBR. B:Send( Sends a variable to the CBL 2/CBL or CBR. Input 8 " 1 functions in two different ways.
243 Chapter 12: Programming ³ Write a program named INPUTVAR that inputs two sets of data and a function, and then solves the function using both of the data sets. PROGRAM:INPUTVAR For Y 1, press :Input "Y 1=",Y1 - } 2 1. :Input "A=",A For ¨ , press :Input "¨DATA=",¨DATA - v " 9. :Disp "Y 1(A)=",Y 1(A) :Pause :Disp "Y1(¨DATA)=",Y1(¨DATA) :Pause Displaying the Current Graph Surround Y 1 with quotation marks. Enclose list in { }. Press b between data displays.
244 Chapter 12: Programming Prompt 8 " 2 During program execution, Prompt displays the specified variables followed by =?, one at a time on separate lines. During program execution, the user enters a value or expression for each variable, and then presses b. The values are stored, and the program resumes execution. Y n functions are not valid with Prompt. :Prompt variableA[,variableB,variableC ] ³ Write a program named WINDOW that requests inputs to be stored to WINDOW variables.
Chapter 12: Programming 245 ³ Write a program named DISPNOTE that displays the messages, I LOVE MATH and TEST1 GRADE=95. PROGRAM:DISPNOTE :Disp "I LOVE MATH" :Pause :Disp "TEST1 GRADE=",95 :Pause Press b. DispGraph 8 " 4 DispGraph (display graph) displays the graph of all defined and selected Y n functions during program execution. If Pause is encountered after DispGraph, the program halts temporarily so that you can examine the screen. Press b to resume execution.
246 Chapter 12: Programming ³ Write a program named OUTPUT that writes the contents of B to a specific area on the screen. PROGRAM:OUTPUT :3+5"B :ClrScreen :Output(5,4,"ANSWER: ") :Output(5,12,B) :Pause getKey 8 " 7 getKey returns a number corresponding to the last key pressed, according to the following key code diagram. If no key has been pressed, getKey returns 0. Use getKey inside loops to transfer control, for example, when creating programs that use a key to control the logic flow.
Chapter 12: Programming 247 ³ Write a program named GETKEY that displays the key code for the last key pressed, represented as variable K. End the program when K=45 (:). PROGRAM:GETKEY :Lbl A :0"K :While K=0 :getKey"K :End :Disp K :If Kƒ45 :Goto A : (45) stops execution. ClrScreen and ClrTable 8 " 8 and 9 ClrScreen (clear Home screen) clears the Home screen during program execution. :ClrScreen ClrTable (clear table) clears the values in the table during program execution.
248 Chapter 12: Programming :Get(variable) sends the contents of variable to the CBL 2/CBL or CBR. You cannot use it to send to another TIN73. variable can be a real number, list element, list name, Y n variable, or picture. variable can be a list of elements. Send( :Send(variable) ³ Write a program named GETSOUND that gets sound data and time in seconds from a CBL 2/CBL. PROGRAM:GETSOUND :Send({3,.
Chapter 12: Programming 249 Inserting, Deleting, and Editing Command Lines • To insert a new command line anywhere in the program, place the cursor where you want the new characters, press - m, and then press b. A colon indicates a new line. • To insert characters on an existing line, place the cursor where you want the new line, press - m, and then enter the new characters.
250 Chapter 12: Programming Then follow these steps: 1. Position the cursor where you want the copy of the program to begin. 2. Press - P. Rcl is displayed on the bottom line of the Program editor. 3. Press 8 " " to display the 8 EXEC menu. 4. Select a name from the menu. prgmname is pasted to the bottom line of the Program editor. You cannot directly enter the subroutine name using the Text editor when using Rcl. You must select the name from the 8 EXEC menu.) 5. Press b.
Chapter 12: Programming 251 8 " " (from the Program editor only) When prgmname is encountered during execution, the next command that the program executes is the first command in the subroutine. It returns to the subsequent command in the first program when it encounters either Return or the implied Return at the end of the second program. Notes about Calling Programs • Variables are global. • label used with Goto and Lbl is local to the program where it is located.
252 Chapter 12: Programming 8 (except from the Program editor) Breaking Out of a Program To stop program execution, press ^. The ERR:BREAK menu is displayed. • To return to the Home screen, select 1:Quit. • To go where the interruption occurred, select 2:Goto. Debugging a Program The TIN73 checks for program errors during program execution. It does not check for errors as you enter a program.
13 Communication Link and the CBL/CBR Application TIN73 Link Capabilities ...................................................... 254 Linking to Another Calculator ................................... 254 Linking to the CBL 2/CBL System or CBR.................... 255 The Link SEND Menu 9 1............................................. 255 The Link RECEIVE Menu 9 1 " ................................. 257 Transmitting Data Items....................................................
254 Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application TI-73 Link Capabilities The TIN73 comes with a unit-to-unit link cable. With this cable, you can connect to and communicate with another TIN73, a TIN82, a TIN83, the Calculator-Based Laboratory™ (CBL 2™, CBL™), or the Calculator-Based Rangerè (CBRè). You can communicate with a personal computer using TI™ Connect or TI-GRAPH LINK™ software and a TI-GRAPH LINK cable.
Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application 255 • You can only transfer numerical list data stored in L1–L6 or user-named numerical lists to a TIN83 (NOT categorical lists). All fractional elements are converted to decimals. • From a TIN82 or a TIN83 to a TIN73, you cannot perform a memory backup (but you can send real numbers, real number lists, and picture variables).
256 Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application 1:All+… Displays all RAM items as selected. 2:All–… Displays all RAM items as deselected. 3:Prgm… Displays all program names. 4:List… Displays all list names. 5:Pic… Displays all picture data types. 6:Real… Displays all real variables. 7:Y-Vars… Displays all Y n variables. 8:Consts… Displays all constants. 9:Vars to TI82… Displays list names L1-L6 that are defined as numerical lists, real number variables and picture variables.
Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application 257 To select data items to send from the sending unit to another calculator, follow these steps: 1. Press 9 to display the APPLICATIONS menu. 2. Select 1:Link to display the Link SEND menu. 3. Select the type of data you want to send. The corresponding SELECT screen is displayed. Each SELECT screen, except the one for All+, is displayed initially with no data items selected. 4.
258 Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application To set up the TIN73 to receive data, follow these steps: 1. Press 9 to display the APPLICATIONS menu. 2. Select 1:Link and press " to display the Link RECEIVE menu. 3. Select 1:Receive. The message Waiting… and the busy indicator are displayed. The receiving unit is ready to receive transmitted items. To exit the receive mode without receiving items, press ^, and then select 1:Quit from the Error in Xmit menu.
Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application 259 During transmission, if the receiving unit does not have sufficient memory to receive an item, the Memory Full menu is displayed on the receiving unit. • To skip this item for the current transmission, select 1:Omit. Transmission resumes with the next item. • To cancel the transmission and exit transmission mode, select 2:Quit.
260 • Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application When you select 1:Rename, the Name= prompt is displayed, and you can enter another appropriate variable name using the - } menu (for example, renaming Pic1 to Pic2 where Pic2 is undefined), or you can enter text using the Text editor (- t) (for example, renaming L1 to ¨ABC where ¨ABC is undefined). When renaming lists, do not enter the ¨ (- v OPS 9). The calculator assumes that it is a list name. Press b to resume transmission.
Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application • 261 You attempt a data transfer from a TIN73 to a TIN83 with data other than numerical lists, L1-L6, or user-named numerical lists, or without using menu item 0:Vars to TI83. Although a transmission error does not occur, these two conditions may prevent successful transmission: • You try to use Get( with a calculator instead of a CBL 2/CBL. • You try to use GetCalc( with a TIN82 or TIN83 instead of a TIN73.
262 Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application Upgrading your TI-73 Graph Explorer Software You can upgrade the software, or operating system, on your TIN73. You do this by transferring this software from a computer to your TIN73 using the TI Connect™ or TI-GRAPH LINK™ software and a TI-GRAPH LINK cable. Graph Explorer Software Upgrades You can upgrade two different types of software. These are stored in F-ROM. Therefore, this software is unaffected if you select - Ÿ 7:Reset 1:All RAM.
Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application 263 1. Transfer the software from the web site to your computer. 2. Transfer the software from the computer to your unit. Backing Up Your Unit before an Installation When you install new operating system software, the installation process: • Deletes all user-defined data items located in RAM. • Resets all system variables and modes to their original factory settings. This is equivalent to using the MEMORY RESET menu to reset all memory.
264 Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application Steps for Running the CBLàCBR Application Follow these basic steps when using the CBLàCBR application. You may not have to do all of them each time. Select the CBLàCBR application. 92 b b Specify the data collection method. Select options, as applicable. 1, 2, or 3 Highlight options or enter value and press b. Collect the data. Follow directions, if applicable. Select Go… or START NOW. Stop the data collection, if necessary.
Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application 265 Selecting the CBL/CBR Application You access the CBL/CBR application by pressing 9. In order to use a CBL/CBR application, you need a CBL 2/CBL or CBR (as applicable), a TIN73, and a unit-to-unit link cable. 9 Select 2:CBL/CBR to set up the TIN73 to use either of the applications. An informational screen first appears. Press any key to continue to the next menu.
266 Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application 92b 1:GAUGE Represents results as either a bar or meter. Compatible with CBL 2/CBL or CBR. 2:DATA LOGGER Represents results as a Temp-Time, Light-Time, Volt-Time, or Sonic-Time graph. Compatible with CBL 2/CBL or CBR. 3:RANGER Sets up and runs the RANGER program and represents results as a Distance-Time, Velocity-Time, or Acceleration-Time graph. Compatible with CBR only. 4:QUIT Quits the CBLàCBR application.
267 Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application 1 The GAUGE data collection method lets you choose one of four different probes: Temp, Light, Volt, or Sonic. You can use the CBL 2/CBL with all probes; you can use the CBR only with the Sonic probe. When you select a PROBE option, all other options change accordingly. Use " and ! to move between the PROBE options. To select a probe, highlight the one you want with the cursor keys, and then press b.
268 Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application MIN and MAX and MAX refer to the minimum and maximum UNIT values for the specified PROBE. Defaults are listed in the table on page 267. See the CBL 2/CBL and CBR guidebook for specific MINàMAX ranges. Enter values using the number keys. MIN UNITS The results are displayed according to the UNITS specified. To specify a unit measurement (Temp or Sonic probes only), highlight the one you want using the cursor keys, and then press b.
Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application Probe Comment Labels (X) Stored to: Data Results (Y) Stored to: Temp ¨TCMNT ¨TEMP Light ¨LCMNT ¨LIGHT Volt ¨VCMNT ¨VOLT Sonic ¨DCMNT ¨DIST 269 To see all elements in one of these lists, you can insert these lists into the List editor just as you would any other list. Access list names from the - v Ls menu. CAUTION: These lists are only temporary placeholders for comment labels and data results for any particular probe.
270 Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application The DATA LOGGER data collection method lets you choose one of four different probes: Temp, Light, Volt, or Sonic. You can use the CBL 2/CBL with all probes; you can use the CBR only with the Sonic probe. When you select a PROBE option, all other options change accordingly. Use " and ! to move between the PROBE options. To select a probe, highlight the one you want with the cursor keys, and then press b.
Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application 271 INTRVL (SEC) INTRVL (SEC) specifies the interval in seconds between each data sample that is collected. For example, if you want to collect 99 samples and INTRVL=1, it takes 99 seconds to finish data collection. Enter values using the number keys. See the CBR or CBL 2/CBL guidebook for more information about interval limits. UNITS The results are displayed according to the UNITS specified.
272 Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application Data Collection Results The calculator automatically converts all collected data points into list elements using the following list names (you cannot rename the lists): Probe Time Values (X) stored to: Data Results (Y) Stored to: Temp ¨TTEMP ¨TEMP Light ¨TLGHT ¨LIGHT Volt ¨TVOLT ¨VOLT Sonic ¨TDIST ¨DIST To see all elements in one of these lists, you can insert these lists into the List editor just as you would any other list.
Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application 273 92b3 b For detailed information about the RANGER program as well as option explanations, see the Getting Started with CBRè guidebook. Note: If you execute the RANGER data collection method, the program name, RANGER, appears in the 8 EXEC menu. You can’t edit the program, but you can execute it from this menu, just as you would another program.
274 Chapter 13: Link and the CBLàCBR Application • If DIRECTNS=Off, GAUGE and DATA LOGGER data collection begin immediately. • If DIRECTNS=On, the calculator displays step-by-step directions. If PROBE=Sonic, the calculator first displays a menu screen asking you to select 1:CBL or 2:CBR. This ensures that you get the appropriate directions. Press 1 to specify CBL or 2 to specify CBR.
14 Memory Management The - Ÿ MEMORY Menu .......................................... 276 About - Ÿ 1....................................................... 276 Check RAM - Ÿ 2 .............................................. 277 Check APPs - Ÿ 3 .............................................. 277 Delete - Ÿ 4 ...................................................... 278 Clear Home - Ÿ 5.............................................. 279 ClrAllLists - Ÿ 6 .................................................
276 Chapter 14: Memory Management The - Ÿ MEMORY Menu At any time, you can check available memory or manage existing memory by selecting items from the - Ÿ MEMORY menu. -Ÿ 1:About Displays information about the calculator. 2:Check RAM Reports memory availability and variable usage. 3:Check APPs Reports availability of application spaces. 4:Delete Displays the DELETE FROM menu. 5:Clear Home Clears the Home screen. 6:ClrAllLists Clears all lists in memory.
Chapter 14: Memory Management 277 Check RAM - Ÿ 2 Check RAM displays the MEM FREE screen. The top line reports the total amount of available memory. The remaining lines report the amount of memory each variable type is using. You can check this screen to see whether you need to delete variables from memory to make room for new data. To leave the MEM FREE screen, press either - l or :.
278 Chapter 14: Memory Management -Ÿ3 Delete - Ÿ 4 To increase available RAM memory or application space, you can delete the contents of any type of system variable. You also can delete applications or the application variable, AppVars. Delete displays a menu of types of variables from which you can select. Selecting a type displays a DELETE:type screen of specific variables to delete. To leave any DELETE:type screen without deleting anything, press - l, which displays the Home screen.
Chapter 14: Memory Management 279 List - Ÿ 4 3 In addition to deleting lists from the DELETE:List menu, you also can delete IDList. The IDList stores any additional IDs that have been collected from other calculators (using the 9 1:Link 1:Receive feature). Therefore, at any time you can delete IDList, just as you would delete any other variable. The - Ÿ 2:Check RAM MEM FREE screen adds all statistical list and IDList memory bytes together and displays the total after the List.
280 Chapter 14: Memory Management You can execute Clear Home from either the Home screen or the Program editor. If you select Clear Home from the Program editor, it is inserted at the cursor location. The Home screen and all entries are cleared when the program is executed. Clear Home takes no additional arguments. To clear the Home screen and all entries: 1. Press - l to display the Home screen. 2. Press - Ÿ 5 to paste the instruction to the Home screen. 3. Press b to execute the instruction.
Chapter 14: Memory Management 281 Resetting All Memory - Ÿ 7 1 Resetting all RAM memory on the TIN73 restores the memory to the factory settings. It deletes all non-system variables and all programs. It resets all system variables to the default settings. Before you reset ALL memory, consider deleting only selected data using - Ÿ 4:Delete. -Ÿ7 -Ÿ7 1 From the RESET RAM screen: • Select 1:No to cancel memory reset and return to the Home screen.
282 Chapter 14: Memory Management Resetting Defaults - Ÿ 7 2 When you reset defaults on the TIN73, all defaults are restored to the factory settings. Stored data and programs are not changed. Some examples of the TIN73 defaults that are restored by resetting the defaults are: • Mode settings (.). • Yn • WINDOW • Stat plots that are deselected (- e). • WINDOW • rand functions that are deselected (&). variables ('). format settings (- g). seed value (1 PRB 1:rand).
A Function and Instruction Reference All the operations in this section are included in the CATALOG (- |). Non-alphabetic operations (such as +, !, and >) are listed at the end of the CATALOG. You always can use the CATALOG to select an operation and insert it next to the cursor on the Home screen or to a command line in the Program editor. You also can use the specific keystrokes, menus, or screens listed here below the function or instructions name.
284 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference abs(value) 1NUM abs(M35) b 35 Returns the absolute value of a real number, expression, or each element of a list. conditionA and conditionB PROGRAM:AND :1ÜA Logic (boolean) operator; returns 1 if both conditionA :2ÜB :A>0 and B<0 and conditionB are true (non-zero). Returns 0 if -t either conditionA or conditionB is false (zero). conditionA and conditionB can be real numbers, expressions, or lists.
285 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference BoxPlot See Plot1: Box Plot Circle(X,Y,radius) ClrDraw b 2 Draws a circle with center (X,Y) and radius, a real number. Done Circle(0,0,7) b WINDOW values are set with ZSquare. Clear Home -Ÿ Clears the Home screen (like ClrScreen), and also clears all entries stored in - £ and erases all entries on the History screen. ClrAllLists -Ÿ Sets the dimension of all lists in memory to 0. ClrDraw 2 Clears all drawn elements from the graph screen.
286 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference CoordOff CoordOn - g WINDOW format settings; turns off or on cursor coordinates so that they are not displayed at the bottom of the graph. cos(value) -uTRIG Returns the cosine of a real number, expression, or each element of a list. Results are determined by Angle mode setting (Degree or Radian). cos L1(value) -uTRIG Returns the arccosine of a real number, expression, or each element of a list. M1value 1.
287 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference DependAuto - f Selects the Depend: Auto TABLE SETUP format setting. Table automatically displays dependent variable (Y) values. DiagnosticOff DiagnosticOn -| Settings which tell the calculator not to display (DiagnosticOff) or to display (DiagnosticOn) r and r 2 (coefficient of determination) with LinReg and ExpReg regression model (- v CALC) results or R 2 for QuadReg regression model results.
288 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference DispTable 8 I / O Programming command (display table); displays the table for all defined and selected Y n functions during program execution. angle8DMS -uANGLE Converts an angle to DMS (degrees ¡ minutes' seconds") notation. Results are determined by the Angle mode setting ( Radian or Degree). :DS<(variable,value) :command1 (if answer | value) :command2 8 C T L Programming command (decrement and skip if less than); subtracts 1 from variable.
Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference ExpReg [XList,YList,freq,Y n] -vCALC Fits the equation (y=ab x) to XList and YList with frequency list, freq, and stores the regression equation to Y n. XList, YList, and freq (if specified) must have the same number of elements. freq is the frequency of occurrence for each corresponding data point in XList. If freq is omitted, all values are used once. 289 {1,3,4,5,5,7,8,9}ÜL3 b Done {1,4,2,3,4,6,7,9}ÜL4 b Done Set Decimal mode to 2.
290 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference FnOff [1,2,3,4] FnOn [1,2,3,4] FnOff 1,3 b FnOn 2 b Done Done -}2:Y-Vars Turns off (deselects) or on (selects) all Yn functions or specified Y n functions (Y 1, Y2, Y3, or Y4). :For(variable,begin,end,[increment]) :block (while variable end) :End :command ‡8CTL Programming command; executes commands in block through end, increasing variable from begin by increment until variable>end.
Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference Goto label 291 PROGRAM:GOTO :Lbl 99 8 C T L Programming command; transfers program control to :Input A :If A100 the label specified by preceding label instruction. :Stop :Disp A 2 :Pause :Goto 99 GraphStyle(Y n,type) 8 C T L or - | Defines one of seven graphstyle types for Y n. Y n=1, 2, 3, or 4 (for Y1, Y2, Y3, Y 4). The type icons described below are located to the left of Y n in the Y= editor.
292 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference If–Then :If condition :Then :block (if true) :End 8 C T L Programming commands; if condition is true (non-zero), then block is executed. If condition is false (zero), then block is skipped. If–Then–Else :If condition :Then :block1 (if true) :Else :block2 (if false) :End 8 C T L Programming commands; if condition is true (non-zero), then block1 is executed. If condition is false (zero), then block2 is executed.
Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference Input Input [variable] Input ["text",variable] 8 I / O Programming command; Input, with no arguments, displays the current graph. Otherwise, Input accepts input and stores it to variable (prompted by a ?, unless otherwise defined). text designates a specific text prompt (16 characters), if desired, and must be enclosed in quotation marks.
294 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference ¨listname -vOPS {1,2,3}ܨABC b ¨ABC b {1 2 3} {1 2 3} List signifier; precedes all user-created names when displayed outside of the List editor. LabelOff LabelOn - g WINDOW format settings; turns off or on axes labels. Lbl label 8 C T L Programming command; gives a name (label) to a particular location in a program. label can be one or two text characters.
Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference LinReg(ax+b) [XList,YList,freq,Y n] -vCALC Fits the linear equation (y=ax+b) to XList and YList with frequency list, freq, and stores the regression equation to Y n. XList, YList, and freq (if specified) must have the same number of elements. freq is the frequency of occurrence for each corresponding data point in XList. If freq is omitted, all values are used once.
296 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference Manual-Fit [Y n] -vCALC Allows you to fit manually a line to plotted data. The regression equation is stored to Y n, if specified. {1,3,4,5,5,7,8,9}ÜL3 b Done {1,4,2,3,4,6,7,9}ÜL4 b Done Set up Plot1 as a scatter plot and graph using ZStat: Return to the Home screen and select Manual-Fit. Select beginning and ending points of line by moving the cursor and then pressing b. max(valueA,valueB) max(2.3,1.4) b 2.
Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference median(list[,freq]) -vMATH median({1,2,3,4})b 297 2.5 median({1,2,6},{4,5,4})b Returns the median (the middle element) of list. If a 2 second list, freq, is specified, it is interpreted as the frequency of the elements in the first list. list and freq must have the same number of elements.
298 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference mode(list[,freq]) -vMATH mode({1,2,4,3,1,8})b {1} Returns the mode (element which occurs most frequently) of list. If a second list, freq, is specified, it is interpreted as the frequency of the elements in the first list. list and freq must have the same number of elements. MultiConst - † Selects the Multiple mode (affects the Set Constant editor). Allows the user to access all defined constants (as opposed to only one).
Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference conditionA or conditionB -t Logic (boolean) operator; returns 1 if either conditionA or conditionB is true (non-zero). Returns 0 if both conditionA or conditionB are false (zero). conditionA and conditionB can be real numbers, expressions, or lists 299 PROGRAM:OR :1ÜA :2ÜB :A>0 or B<0 If both conditions are lists, they must have the same number of elements.
300 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference Scatter Plot Ô xyLine Plot Ó Plotn(Scatter,Xlist,Ylist[,mark]) Plotn(xyLine,Xlist,Ylist[,mark]) The optional mark (, +, or ¦) specifies the character used to plot the points. If omitted, default mark is box. Access mark from 8 - e MARK or - |.
Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference prgmname 8 C T R L Programming command; calls prgmname as a subroutine in an existing program. name can be a program not yet created. 301 PROGRAM:VOLUME :Input "DIAMETER=",D :Input "HEIGHT=",H :prgmAREA :A¦HÜV :Disp "VOLUME=",V :Pause PROGRAM:AREA :D/2ÜR :p¦R 2ÜA :Return Prompt variableA[,variableB, ] 8 I / O Programming command; displays specified variable followed by =?.
302 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference pxl-Test(row,column) 2POINTS Pxl-On(10,75) b Returns 1 if pixel at (row, column) is on; returns 0 if it pxl-Test(10,75)b is off; 0row62, and 0column94. QuadReg [XList,YList,freq,Y n] -vCALC Fits the second-degree polynomial (y=ax 2+bx+c) to XList and YList with frequency list, freq, and stores the regression equation to Y n. XList, YList, and freq (if specified) must have the same number of elements.
303 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference remainder(dividend,divisor) remainder(list,divisor) remainder(dividend,list) remainder(list,list) 1NUM Returns the remainder resulting from the division of two positive whole numbers, dividend and divisor, each of which can be a list. remainder(10,4)b {5,5,5,5,5}ÜL1 b 2 {5 5 5 5 5} {1,2,3,4,5}ÜL2 b {1 2 3 4 5} remainder(L1,L2) b {0 1 2 1 0} If both arguments are lists, they must have the same number of elements.
304 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference Select(XList,YList) -vOPS Selects one or more specific data points from a Scatter or xyLine stat plot, and updates the lists in memory as specified by XList and YList. {1,3,4,5,5,7,8,9}ÜL3 b Done {1,4,2,3,4,6,7,9}ÜL4 b Done Select L5,L6 b Select bounds by moving " and !, and then pressing b. X values for selected points are stored in L5; Y values for selected points are stored in L6.
305 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference SetMenu("title","item1",variable1[,"item2",variable2 ]) PROGRAM:SETMENU :SetMenu("MATHGRADES", 8 C T L Sets up a menu with title (1characters16) and of up "TEST1",A,"TEST2",B,"TEST3", C,"TEST4",D,"TEST5",E to seven items (1characters10). During program execution, the user inputs (and edits, as necessary) numerical values, called variables, to each item.
306 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference sin L1(value) -uTRIG Returns the arcsine of a real number, expression, or each element of a list. M1value 1. Results are determined by the Angle mode setting (Degree or Radian). In Degree mode: sin L1(1) b sin L1({1,.5,0)) b 90 {90 30 60} In Radian mode: 1.570796327 sinL1(1) b sin L1({1,.5,0)) b {.5235987756 0 1.570796327} SingleConst - † Selects the Single mode (affects the Set Constant editor).
Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference Stop 307 PROGRAM:STOP :Input "T=",T 8 C T L Programming command; ends program execution and :If T20 :Then returns to Home screen. :Disp "T20" :Pause :Else :Stop StorePic number 2STO Line(0,0,6,6) b StorePic 2b Done Stores the current graph display in one of three picture variables. number is 1, 2, or 3 (for variable Pic1, Pic2, or Pic3). sum(list[,start,end]) -vMATH Returns the sum of all elements in list.
308 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference Text(row,column,["]text["]) 2DRAW Draws text (functions, variables, or text instructions) on the Graph screen when a graph is displayed. Select AxesOff. Text(15,45,"2+3¦4") b 0 row 57, and 0 column 94. If text is surrounded by quotation marks, the text characters are displayed. If the quotation marks are omitted, the TIN73 calculates and displays the result (up to 10 characters).
Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference 2-Var Stats [XList,YList,freq] -vCALC Analyzes and returns data for two lists, XList and YList, with two measured variables, X, the independent variable, and Y, the dependent variable. 309 {1,2,3}ÜL2 b {1 2 3} {4 5 6} {4,5,6}ÜL3 b {2 4 2} {2,4,2}ܨFREQ b 2-Var Stats L2,L3,¨FREQ b The frequency list, freq, is the frequency of occurrence for each corresponding data point in XList and YList. Defaults for XList and YList are L1 and L2.
310 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference ZBox (ZOOM Displays a graph, lets you (interactively) draw a box that defines a new viewing WINDOW, and then updates the WINDOW. Define Y1=Xsin(X). Set the following WINDOW values: Xmin=M1000, Ymin=M1000, Xmax=1000, Ymax=1000, Xscl=90, Yscl=90 Graph Y1. Select ZBox. Move the cursor, and press b to select upper left and bottom right corners of the box. Selected portion (the box) is automatically displayed.
Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference ZInteger 311 Define Y1=X, graph using ZStandard, and trace the graph (ZOOM Lets you select a new center point, and then sets @X=1, @Y=1, Xscl=10,Yscl=10. Replots the graph immediately. Select ZInteger, choose a new center point, and trace the graph. Move the cursor, and press b to select new center point. X and Y values now increment by 1.
312 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference Zoom Out Define Y1=Xcos(X) and graph using ZStandard. (ZOOM Displays a greater portion of the graph, centered on the cursor location. Move the cursor keys, and press b to select new center point. Select Zoom Out, and then press b (since cursor automatically starts from the origin). ZoomFit (ZOOM Recalculates Ymin and Ymax to include the minimum and maximum y values, between Xmin and Xmax, of the selected functions and replots the functions.
Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference ZoomStat 313 {1,2,3,4,5,6}ÜL1 b {1 2 3 4 5 6} (ZOOM Redefines the viewing WINDOW so that all statistical data points are displayed. ZoomStat also selects an appropriate scale, if one exists, for a Pictograph plot. {1,2,3,4,5,6}ÜL2 b {1 2 3 4 5 6} Graph and trace a Scatter stat plot using L1 and L2 (- e) and ZoomStat.
314 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference Select ZSquare. Return to the Home screen. Or, press - £ b. ZStandard (ZOOM Circle(0,0,7) b Define Y1=X Select ZStandard. Replots the functions immediately, setting the WINDOW variables to the default values ( Xmin=M10, Xmax=10, Xscl=1, Ymin=M10, Ymax=10, Yscl=1). ZTrig (ZOOM Define Y1=sin(X) (&). Select ZTrig. Replots the functions immediately, updating the WINDOW variables that are often appropriate for graphing trig functions.
Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference angle r -uANGLE Specifies an angle as radians, regardless of the current Angle mode setting. 315 In Radian mode: 50 50 r b 504DMS b 2864¡47'20.312" In Degree mode: 2864.788976 50 r b 50 r 4DMS b 2864¡47'20.312" x xvalue 1MATH Calculates the x th root of value, which is equivalent to n where n x=value. value can be a real number, expression, or list.
316 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference + ¦ See Plot1: xyLine, Scatter, and Modified Box Plot: mark PersonIcon (Î) TreeIcon (Ç) DollarIcon (È) FaceIcon (É) PieIcon (Ï) DiamondIcon (Ë) StarIcon (Ì) See Plot1: Pictograph: typeIcons value-1 -ƒ Returns the inverse, x , of value, which is the equivalent of its reciprocal, 1 /x, of a real number, expression, or each element in a list. -1 value2 In b/c mode: 2 M1 b 3 {1,2,3}ÜL1 b L1 b 6 2 3 2 {1 2 3} {1 4 9} Finds the square of value.
Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference (value) -z Calculates the square root of value, which can be a positive real number, an expression that results in a positive real number, or a list of positive numbers. valueA¦valueB valueAàvalueB valueA+valueB valueANvalueB MF\T Returns the product (I), quotient (F), sum (\) or difference (T) of valueA and valueB, which can be real numbers, expressions, or lists. If both values are lists, they must have the same number of elements.
318 Appendix A: Function and Instruction Reference " -t {"A","B","C"}ÜL3 b {"A" "B" "C"} -uANGLE Surrounds categorical list elements and list formulas that are attached to a list name. Surrounds text displayed on the Graph display using the Text( command (from the Home screen or in a Program).
B Reference Information The TIN73 Menu Map......................................................... 320 The VARS Menu - } ............................................... 329 Equation Operating System (EOS é) ................................ 330 In Case of Difficulty............................................................ 331 Correcting an Error ............................................................ 332 Error Messages ...................................................................
320 Appendix B: Reference Information The TIN73 Menu Map The TIN73 menu map begins at the top-left corner of the keyboard and follows the keyboard layout from left to right. Default values and settings are shown.
Appendix B: Reference Information -f 321 - f (in Program editor) TABLE SETUP TABLE SETUP TblStart=0 Indpnt:Auto Ask @Tbl=1 Depend:Auto Ask Indpnt:Auto Ask Depend:Auto Ask ( ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ MEMORY ZOOM ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ 1:ZBox 2:Zoom In 1:ZPrevious 2:SetFactors… 3:Zoom Out 4:ZQuadrant1 ZOOM FACTORS 5:ZSquare XFact=4 6:ZStandard YFact=4 7:ZoomStat 8:ZDecimal 9:ZoomFit 0:ZInteger A:ZTrig -g .
322 Appendix B: Reference Information 1 ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ MATH NUM PRB LOG 1:lcm( 1:abs( 1:rand 1:log( 2:gcd( 2:round( 2:randInt( 2:10^( 3: 3 3:iPart( 3:nPr 3:ln( 4: 3( 4:fPart( 4:nCr 4:e^( 5: x 5:min( 5:! 6:Solver… 6:max( 6:coin( 7:remainder( 7:dice( 2 -u ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ DRAW POINTS STO 1:ClrDraw 1:Pt-On( 1:StorePic 2:Line( 2:Pt-Off( 2:RecallPic 3:Horizontal 3:Pt-Change( 4:Vertical 4:Pxl-On( 5:Shade( 5:Pxl-Off( 6:Circle( 6:Pxl-Ch
Appendix B: Reference Information 323 8 ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ EXEC EDIT NEW 1:name1 1:name1 1:Create New … … 2:name2 2:name2 8 (in Program editor) ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ CTL I/O EXEC 1:If 1:Input 2:Then 2:Prompt 1:name1 2:name2 3:Else 3:Disp … 4:For( 4:DispGraph 5:While 5:DispTable 6:Repeat 6:Output( 7:End 7:getKey 8:Pause 8:ClrScreen 9:Lbl 9:ClrTable 0:Goto 0:GetCalc( A:IS>( A:Get( B:DS<( B:Send( C:Menu( D:SetMenu( E:prgm F:Return G:Stop H:DelVar I:Gr
324 Appendix B: Reference Information -| CATALOG A§b/c 4Abàc/dàe abs( … sin( sinL1( SingleConst SortA( … p ? 9 APPLICATIONS ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ 1:Link 2:CBLàCBR ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ SEND RECEIVE 1:GAUGE 1:All+… 1:Receive 2:DATA LOGGER 2:AllN… 3:CBR 3:Prgm… 4:QUIT 4:List… 5:Pic… 6:Real… 7:Y-Vars… 8:Consts… 9:Vars to TI82… 0:Vars to TI83… A:Apps… B.AppVars… C:SendId D:Back Up… 73B-ENG.
Appendix B: Reference Information 325 -} VARS 1:Window… 2:Y-Vars… 3:Statistics… 4:Picture… 5:Table… 6:Factor - } 1:Window - } 2:Y-Vars WINDOW FUNCTION 1:Xmin 2:Xmax 1:Y 1 2:Y2 3:Xscl 3:Y3 4:Ymin 4:Y4 5:Ymax 5:FnOn 6:Yscl 6:FnOff 7:Xres 8:@X 9:@Y 0:XFact A:YFact - } 3:Statistics ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ XY G EQ PTS 1:n 1:Gx 1:RegEQ 1:x1 2:v 2:a 2:y1 3:Sx 2:Gx 2 3:Gy 3:b 3:x2 4:sx 4:Gy2 4:c 4:y2 5:w 5:Gxy 5:r 5:x3 6:Sy 6:r 2 6:y3 7:sy 7:R 2 7:Q1
326 Appendix B: Reference Information - } 4:Picture - } 5:Table 1:Pic1 (Empty) TABLE 2:Pic2 (Empty) 1:TblStart 3:Pic3 (Empty) 2:@Tbl -‚ CONVERSIONS 1:Length… 2:Area… 3:Volume… 4:Time… 5:Temp… 6:MassàWeight… 7:Speed… -‚ -‚ -‚ 1:Length 2:Area 3:Volume LENGTH AREA VOLUME 1:mm 1:liter 2:cm 1:ft2 2:m2 3:m 3:mi2 3:qt 4:inch 4:km2 4:pt 5:ft 5:acre 5:oz 6:yard 6:in2 6:cm 3 7:km 7:cm2 7:in3 8:mile 8:yd2 8:ft3 9:ha 9:m3 2:gal 0:galUK A:ozUK -‚ 5:Temp -‚ 6:MassàWeight… -
Appendix B: Reference Information -† 327 - † (in Program editor) Set Constant: Single Multiple SET CONSTANTS C 1= 2:SingleConst C 2= 3:MultiConst 1:SetConst( C 3= C 4= -Ÿ MEMORY 1:About 2:Check RAM… 3:Check APPs… 4:Delete… 5:Clear Home 6:ClrAllLists 7:Reset… - Ÿ 2:Check RAM - Ÿ 3:Check APPs MEM FREE 25002 SPACES FREE 3 Real 15 CBLàCBR List 54 Y-Vars 32 Consts 32 Prgm 15 Pic 1 0 73B-ENG.
328 Appendix B: Reference Information - ‚ 4:Delete DELETE FROM… 1:All… 2:Real… 3:List… 4:Y-Vars… 5:Consts… 6:Prgm… 7:Pic… 8:Apps… 9:AppVars… - ‚ 7:Reset RESET ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ 1:All RAM RESET RAM 2:Defaults RESET DEFAULTS ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ 1:No 2:Reset ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ 1:No 2:Reset Resetting RAM erases all data and programs. 73B-ENG.
Appendix B: Reference Information 329 The VARS Menu - } Access system variables through the VARS menu (- }). You can enter the names of functions and system variables in an expression or store values to them directly. For more information about storing values to a variable, see Chapter 1: Operating the TIN73. All VARS menu items, except 6:Factor, display secondary menus. For specific information about the individual menu items, see their respective chapter in this manual.
330 Appendix B: Reference Information Equation Operating System (EOS é) The Equation Operating System (EOS) defines the order in which functions and expressions are entered and evaluated on the TIN73. Within a priority level, EOS evaluates functions from left to right and in the following order. 1 Calculations within parentheses. 2 Single-argument functions that precede the argument, such as (, sin(, or log(. Multi-argument functions, such as min(2,3), are evaluated as they are encountered.
Appendix B: Reference Information 331 In Case of Difficulty If Suggested Action You cannot see anything on the display. Press - $ to darken or - # to lighten the display contrast. The LOW BATTERY message is displayed on the Home screen. Replace the batteries as described in Appendix C: BatteryàService and Warranty Information. A checkerboard cursor (Ø) is displayed. Either you have entered the maximum number of characters in a prompt or memory is full.
332 Appendix B: Reference Information Correcting an Error When the TIN73 detects an error, it returns an error message as a menu title, such as ERR:SYNTAX or ERR:DIM MISMATCH. To correct an error, follow these steps: 1. Note the error type (ERR:error type). 2. Select 2:Goto, if it is available. The previous screen is displayed with the cursor at or near the error location. 3. If you select 1:Quit (or press - l or :), the Home screen is displayed. 4. Determine the cause of the error.
Appendix B: Reference Information 333 Error Type Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies ARGUMENT A function or instruction does not have the correct number of arguments. See Appendix A and the appropriate chapter. BAD GUESS You specified a guess in the Equation Solver that is not between the lower and upper bounds. Your guess and several points around it are undefined. Examine a graph of the function. If the equation has a solution, change the bounds and/or initial guess.
334 Appendix B: Reference Information Error Type Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies DIVIDE BY 0 You attempted to divide by 0. This error is not returned during graphing. The TIN73 allows for undefined values on a graph. You attempted a linear regression with a vertical line. DOMAIN You specified an argument to a function or instruction outside the valid range, such as using a negative frequency in box plots.
Appendix B: Reference Information Error Type Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies ILLEGAL NEST You attempted to use an invalid function in an argument to a function, such as seq( within expression for seq(. 335 Can occur when combinations of nesting of function evaluation exceeds five levels. INCREMENT The increment in seq( is 0 or has the wrong sign. This error is not returned during graphing. The TIN73 allows for undefined values on a graph. The increment in a For( loop is 0.
336 Appendix B: Reference Information Error Type Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies MEMORY Memory is insufficient to perform the instruction or function. You must delete items from memory (Chapter 13: Memory Management) before executing the instruction or function. Recursive problems return this error; for example, graphing the equation Y1=Y1.
Appendix B: Reference Information 337 Error Type Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies SINGULARITY expression in the Equation Solver contains a singularity (a point at which the function is not defined). Examine a graph of the function. If the equation has a solution, change the bounds or the initial guess or both. STAT You attempted a stat calculation with lists that are not appropriate. • Statistical analyses must have at least two data points.
338 Appendix B: Reference Information Error Type Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies WINDOW A problem exists with the WINDOW variables. RANGE • You defined XmaxXmin or YmaxYmin. • WINDOW variables are too small or too large to graph correctly. You may have attempted to zoom in or zoom out to a point that exceeds the TIN73s numerical range. ZOOM A point or a line, instead of a box, is defined in ZBox. A ZOOM operation returned a math error. 73B-ENG.
C B a tteryà S e rvic e a n d W a rra nty I n fo rm a t io n Battery Information.........................................................339 When to Replace Batteries........................................339 Effects of Replacing the Batteries.............................340 Replacing the Batteries .............................................341 Battery Precautions ...................................................341 Texas Instruments (TI) Support and Service ....................
340 Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information Battery Information The TIN73 uses four AAA alkaline batteries and has a userreplaceable backup lithium battery (CR1616 or CR1620). When to Replace Batteries When the battery voltage level drops below a usable level, the TIN73 displays the following message when you turn on the unit. Generally, the calculator continues to operate for one week after the low-battery message is first displayed.
Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information 341 Replacing the Batteries 1. Turn off the calculator. Replace the slide cover over the keyboard to avoid inadvertently turning on the calculator. Turn the back of the calculator toward you. 2. Hold the calculator upright, push downward on the latch on the top of the battery cover with your finger, and then pull the cover toward you. Note: To avoid loss of information stored in memory, you must turn off the calculator.
342 Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information T e xas I n st r u m e n t s (T I ) S u p p or t an d S e r v ic e Fo r G e ne r a l I nf o r m a t io n Home Page: education.ti.com KnowledgeBase and E-mail Inquiries: education.ti.com/support Phone: International Information: 1.800.TI.CARES (1.800.842. 2737) For U.S., Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands only education.ti.com/support (Click the International Information link.
Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information 343 Customers in the U.S. and Canada Only One-Year Limited Warranty for Commercial Electronic Product This Texas Instruments electronic product warranty extends only to the original purchaser and user of the product. Warranty Duration. This Texas Instruments electronic product is warranted to the original purchaser for a period of one (1) year from the original purchase date. Warranty Coverage.
344 Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information Australia & New Zealand Customers only One-Year Limited Warranty for Commercial Electronic Product This Texas Instruments electronic product warranty extends only to the original purchaser and user of the product. Warranty Duration. This Texas Instruments electronic product is warranted to the original purchaser for a period of one (1) year from the original purchase date. Warranty Coverage.
345 Index Index ! (factorial), 52 " (seconds), 216 ¡ (degrees), 216 ¨ (list signifier), 101 (relational operator), 32 x (statistical result variable), 136 @List(, 97 #SAMPLES DATA LOGGER, 270 @Tbl definition, 153 storing to, 161 @X, 171, 179 Gx, 136 Gx 2, 136 Gxy, 136 Gy, 136 Gy 2, 136 ' (minutes), 216 < (relational operator), 32 = (relational operator), 32 > (relational operator), 32 0123456789 Decimal Notation mode, 24 1 2 3 (Bar graph), 113, 118 10^( (10 to the power of), 55 1-Var Stats, 134 results,
346 Index –C– cable, unit-to-unit.
Index –D– (continued) defaults, resetting, 282 degrees DMS, 216 trig, 211 Delete (Memory Menu), 278 DelVar, 240 denominator, 58 Depend (tables) Ask, 156 Auto, 155, 156, 157 definition, 153 DependAsk, 161 DependAuto, 161 dependent list formula, 83 deleting, 91 dependent numerical lists, 83 dependent variable (Y), 150 DiagnosticOff ExpReg, 146 LinReg(ax+b), 142 QuadReg, 144 DiagnosticOn ExpReg, 146 LinReg(ax+b), 142 QuadReg, 144 dice(, 53 difference (subtraction), 27 difficulties, correcting, 331 dim( (dimen
348 Index –E– (continued) Entry line lists, 79 tables, 154, 160 Text editor, 8 Equation Operating System (EOS), 15, 330 Equation Solver, 38 bound, 41 Solve, 41 error messages, 332 transmission, 260 errors, correcting, 332 EXEC (8) Menu calling a subroutine, 250 executing a program, 251 ExpReg (exponential regression), 146 expressions, 15 multiple on one line, 16 ExprOff, 172 ExprOn, 172 –F– Factor, simplification, 63 recalling, 64 factorial (!), 52 Float Decimal Notation mode, 24 For(, 231 format, window
Index –G– (continued) graphing, function.
350 Index –L– (continued) lists (continued) creating, 102 deleting elements, 89 deleting from memory, 88 dependent numerical, 83 editing elements, 89 entering elements, 81 formula, deleting, 91 formula, dependent list, 83 frequency.
Index –M– (continued) minutes conversions, 69 DMS, 218 minX, 136 minY, 136 mixed numbers, 58 converting to fractions, 65 mode settings 0123456789, 24 A§b/c, 60 Autosimp, 61 b/c, 60 definition, 22 Degree, 211 Float, 24 list element display, 81 Mansimp, 62 Multiple (constants), 75 Normal, 23 Radian, 211 Sci, 23 Single (constants), 72 table element display, 154 mode(, 130 Modified Box plot, 124 Multiple mode (constants), 75 multiplication, 27 –N– n (number of data points), 136 naming lists, 79 programs, 224
352 Index –P– (continued) Programming Commands (continued) DelVar, 240 Disp, 244 DispGraph, 245 DispTable, 245 DS>(, 235 editing, 248 End, 233 entering, 226 For(, 231 Get(, 247 GetCalc(, 247 getKey, 246 Goto, 234 GraphStyle(, 240 If, 229 IfThen, 229 IfThenElse, 230 Input, 242 inserting, 249 IS>(, 235 Lbl (Label), 234 Menu(, 236 Output(, 245 Pause, 233 prgm, 238 Prompt, 244 Repeat, 232 Return, 239 Return with subroutines, 251 Send(, 247 SetMenu(, 237 Stop, 239 While, 232 programs branching, 234 calling,
Index –R– (continued) RAM memory, 254 back up, 261, 263 resetting, 281 rand (random number), 49 randInt( (random integer), 50 RANGER program, 265, 273 Rcl (Recall), 21 with programs, 250 Real (SEND), 256 RealTme DATA LOGGER, 271 RecallPic, 208 Receive (LINK), 257 RECEIVE (9) menu, 257 reciprocal, 29 RegEQ (Regression Equation), 137 regression exponential (ExpReg), 146 linear (LinReg(ax+b)), 142 quadratic (QuadReg), 144 regression models, 133 relational operators, 32 remainder integer division, 28 remainder
354 Index –S– (continued) stat plots adjusting viewing window, 114 Bar graph, 118 defining plots, 109 deselecting Y n functions, 109 displaying, 114 drawing on, 188 editors, 111 Histogram, 121 list data, 109 main menu, 109 Modified Box plot, 124 options, defining, 112 Pictograph, 117 Pie chart, 120 Plot1, 109 Plot2, 109 Plot3, 109 PlotsOff, 110 PlotsOn, 110 Scatter plot, 114 steps for defining, 108 tracing, 114 types, selecting, 111 xyLine plot, 114 statistical analyses, 128, 133 stdDev(.
Index –U– (continued) units (continued) Volume, 69 unit-to-unit cable, 254 upgrade software, 262 installing, 262 where to find, 262 –V– variables recalling, 21 VARS Menu, 329 variables, types of, 20 VARS (- }) Menu, 329 Vars to TI82 (SEND), 256 Vars to TI83 (SEND), 256 Vert (stat plot option), 113 Bar graph, 118 Pictograph, 117 Vertical (draw) from Graph screen, 191 from Home screen, 192 Volt probe, 265 Volume (units), 69 –W– web site, TI, 262 WeightàMass (units), 69 While, 232 window format, 171 WINDOW
356 Index –Z–(continued) ZoomStat, 114, 313 ZPrevious, 185 ZQuadrantI, 313 ZSquare, 313 ZStandard, 184, 314 ZTrig, 314 73IDXENG.
73CALC.
$CALCDWG.
