SDS

early neurotoxic effects are also the only symptoms attributed to unmetabolised ethylene glycol. Together with metabolic changes, they occur
during the period of 30 minutes to 12 hours after exposure and are considered to be part of the first stage in ethylene glycol intoxication. In cases
of acute intoxication, in which a large amount of ethylene glycol is ingested over a very short time period, there is a progression of neurological
manifestations which, if not treated, may lead to generalized seizures and coma. Ataxia, slurred speech, confusion, and somnolence are common
during the initial phase of ethylene glycol intoxication as are irritation, restlessness, and disorientation. Cerebral edema and crystalline deposits of
calcium oxalate in the walls of small blood vessels in the brain were found at autopsy in people who died after acute ethylene glycol ingestion.
Effects on cranial nerves appear late (generally 5-20 days post-ingestion), are relatively rare, and according to some investigators constitute a
fourth, late cerebral phase in ethylene glycol intoxication. Clinical manifestations of the cranial neuropathy commonly involve lower motor neurons
of the facial and bulbar nerves and are reversible over many months.
Reproductive Effects:
Reproductive function after intermediate-duration oral exposure to ethylene glycol has been tested in three multi-
generation studies (one in rats and two in mice) and several shorter studies (15-20 days in rats and mice). In these studies, effects on fertility,
foetal viability, and male reproductive organs were observed in mice, while the only effect in rats was an increase in gestational duration.
Developmental Effects:
The developmental toxicity of ethylene glycol has been assessed in several acute-duration studies using mice, rats, and
rabbits. Available studies indicate that malformations, especially skeletal malformations occur in both mice and rats exposed during gestation;
mice are apparently more sensitive to the developmental effects of ethylene glycol. Other evidence of embyrotoxicity in laboratory animals
exposed to ethylene glycol exposure includes reduction in foetal body weight.
Cancer:
No studies were located regarding cancer effects in humans or animals after dermal exposure to ethylene glycol.
Genotoxic Effects
: Studies in humans have not addressed the genotoxic effects of ethylene glycol. However, available
in vivo
and
in
vitro
laboratory studies provide consistently negative genotoxicity results for ethylene glycol.
PROPYLENE CARBONATE
for propylene carbonate:
Numerous adequate and reliable acute toxicity tests are available on propylene carbonate. Oral and dermal tests meet OECD and EPA test
guidelines. Propylene carbonate is practically nontoxic following acute exposures; the oral LD50 is >.5000 mg/kg and the dermal LD50 is >3000
mg/kg. No further testing is recommended.
Subchronic studies (13- 14 weeks) of propylene carbonate by inhalation (aerosol) and oral (gavage) routes were conducted in rats according to
current guidelines. The oral study indicated low systemic toxicity from propylene carbonate (NOAEL = 5000 mg/kg/day). In the inhalation study,
no systemic toxicity was seen at concentrations up to 1000 mg/m”; however, there was periocular irritation and swelling in a few males at 500 and
1000 mg/m3. A dermal carcinogenicity study in mice did not indicate tumorigenic potential or systemic toxicity from 2 years of exposure to
propylene carbonate. No further testing is recommended.
There is a negative Ames in vitro mutagenicity assay of propylene carbonate. A single intraperitoneal injection of 1666 mg/kg propylene
carbonate did not induce an increase in micronuclei when examined after 30,48 and 72 hours. The mutagenicity battery is satisfactorily filled; no
further mutagenicity testing is recommended.
Gavage administration of propylene carbonate to pregnant rats days 6-15 of gestation resulted in systemic toxicity at doses of 3000 and 5000
mg/kg/day, including mortality (not seen in 13 week study of non-pregnant rats). The NOAEL for maternal toxicity was 1000 mg/kg/day. This
indicates that pregnant rats are more susceptible to propylene carbonate than are non-pregnant rats. There were no significant differences in live
litter size, average fetal weight, percentage of males, or malformed fetuses.
No studies of the effect of propylene carbonate on reproduction are available. However, no adverse effects on testis, ovaries, or accessory sex
organs were noted in rats following oral or inhalation of propylene carbonate for 13 weeks. Therefore, reproductive effects from propylene
carbonate are unlikely
DIETHYL CARBONATE
Exposure to the material for prolonged periods may cause physical defects in the developing embryo (teratogenesis).
Equivocal tumorigen by RTECS criteria
COPPER
WARNING: Inhalation of high concentrations of copper fume may cause "metal fume fever", an acute industrial disease of short duration.
Symptoms are tiredness, influenza like respiratory tract irritation with fever.
for copper and its compounds (typically copper chloride):
Acute toxicity:
There are no reliable acute oral toxicity results available. In an acute dermal toxicity study (OECD TG 402), one group of 5 male
rats and 5 groups of 5 female rats received doses of 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg bw via dermal application for 24 hours. The LD50 values of
copper monochloride were 2,000 mg/kg bw or greater for male (no deaths observed) and 1,224 mg/kg bw for female. Four females died at both
1500 and 2000 mg/kg bw, and one at 1,000 mg/kg bw. Symptom of the hardness of skin, an exudation of hardness site, the formation of scar and
reddish changes were observed on application sites in all treated animals. Skin inflammation and injury were also noted. In addition, a reddish or
black urine was observed in females at 2,000, 1,500 and 1,000 mg/kg bw. Female rats appeared to be more sensitive than male based on
mortality and clinical signs.
No reliable skin/eye irritation studies were available. The acute dermal study with copper monochloride suggests that it has a potential to cause
skin irritation.
Repeat dose toxicity:
In repeated dose toxicity study performed according to OECD TG 422, copper monochloride was given orally (gavage) to
Sprague-Dawley rats for 30 days to males and for 39 - 51 days to females at concentrations of 0, 1.3, 5.0, 20, and 80 mg/kg bw/day. The NOAEL
value was 5 and 1.3 mg/kg bw/day for male and female rats, respectively. No deaths were observed in male rats. One treatment-related death
was observed in female rats in the high dose group. Erythropoietic toxicity (anaemia) was seen in both sexes at the 80 mg/kg bw/day. The
frequency of squamous cell hyperplasia of the forestomach was increased in a dose-dependent manner in male and female rats at all treatment
groups, and was statistically significant in males at doses of =20 mg/kg bw/day and in females at doses of =5 mg/kg bw/day doses. The observed
effects are considered to be local, non-systemic effect on the forestomach which result from oral (gavage) administration of copper monochloride.
Genotoxicity:
An in vitro genotoxicity study with copper monochloride showed negative results in a bacterial reverse mutation test with
Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, and TA 1537) with and without S9 mix at concentrations of up to 1,000 ug/plate. An in
vitro test for chromosome aberration in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells showed that copper monochloride induced structural and numerical
aberrations at the concentration of 50, 70 and 100 ug/mL without S9 mix. In the presence of the metabolic activation system, significant increases
of structural aberrations were observed at 50 and 70 ug/mL and significant increases of numerical aberrations were observed at 70 ug/mL. In an
in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus assay, all animals dosed (15 - 60 mg/kg bw) with copper monochloride exhibited similar
PCE/(PCE+NCE) ratios and MNPCE frequencies compared to those of the negative control animals. Therefore copper monochloride is not an in
vivo mutagen.
Carcinogenicity:
there was insufficient information to evaluate the carcinogenic activity of copper monochloride.
Reproductive and developmental toxicity: In the combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening
test (OECD TG 422), copper monochloride was given orally (gavage) to Sprague-Dawley rats for 30 days to males and for 39-51 days to females
at concentrations of 0, 1.3, 5.0, 20, and 80 mg/kg bw/day. The NOAEL of copper monochloride for fertility toxicity was 80 mg/kg bw/day for the
parental animals. No treatment-related effects were observed on the reproductive organs and the fertility parameters assessed. For
developmental toxicity the NOAEL was 20 mg/kg bw/day. Three of 120 pups appeared to have icterus at birth; 4 of 120 pups appeared runted at
the highest dose tested (80 mg/kg bw/day).
NICKEL
WARNING:
This substance has been classified by the IARC as Group 2B: Possibly Carcinogenic to Humans.
Tenth Annual Report on Carcinogens: Substance anticipated to be Carcinogen
[
National Toxicology Program: U.S. Dep. of Health & Human Services 2002
]
Oral (rat) TDLo: 500 mg/kg/5D-I Inhalation (rat) TCLo: 0.1 mg/m3/24H/17W-C
LITHIUM COBALTATE &
NICKEL
The following information refers to contact allergens as a group and may not be specific to this product.
Contact allergies quickly manifest themselves as contact eczema, more rarely as urticaria or Quincke's oedema. The pathogenesis of contact
eczema involves a cell-mediated (T lymphocytes) immune reaction of the delayed type. Other allergic skin reactions, e.g. contact urticaria,
involve antibody-mediated immune reactions. The significance of the contact allergen is not simply determined by its sensitisation potential: the
distribution of the substance and the opportunities for contact with it are equally important. A weakly sensitising substance which is widely
distributed can be a more important allergen than one with stronger sensitising potential with which few individuals come into contact. From a
clinical point of view, substances are noteworthy if they produce an allergic test reaction in more than 1% of the persons tested.
Chemwatch:
5351-42
Version No:
6.1.1.1
Page
9
of
15
Toro Lithium Ion Battery [60V, 40V, 24V, 20V]
Issue Date:
13/10/2020
Print Date:
13/10/2020
Continued...