7,6. ö &= :KHHO +RUVH ;/( · =DKUDGQm WUDNWRU 0RGHO\ ø D GgOH 8©LYDWHOVNg SùmUXøND 'û/(¨,7d 3øH÷W WH VL SH÷OLY WHQWR QgYRG 2EVDKXMH LQIRUPDFH R EH]SH÷QRVWL YD§m D RVWDWQmFK 5RYQ © VH VH]QDPWH V RYOgGDFmPL SUYN\ D MHMLFK VSUgYQ¬P SRX©mYgQm MH§WH SøHG WmP QH© EXGHWH WHQWR Y¬UREHN REVOXKRYDW õHVN\ &=
YRG ' NXMHPH YgP ©H MVWH VL NRXSLOL Y¬UREHN 7RUR 9§LFKQL ]DP VWQDQFL ILUP\ 7RUR VL SøHMm DE\VWH E\OL V QRY¬P Y¬URENHP ]FHOD VSRNRMHQL SURWR SRNXG EXGHWH SRWøHERYDW RULJLQgOQm QgKUDGQm GmO\ EXGHWH OL SRWøHERYDW SRPRF RKOHGQ VHUYLVX QHER SRNXG EXGHWH SR©DGRYDW MDNkNROLY GDO§m LQIRUPDFH QHYgKHMWH D VSRMWH VH V YD§mP PmVWQmP DXWRUL]RYDQ¬P VHUYLVHP .G\NROLY VH VSRMmWH V YD§mP DXWRUL]RYDQ¬P VHUYLVQmP SURGHMFHP QHER WRYgUQRX Y©G\ XYH WH ÷mVOR PRGHOX D VkULRYk ÷mVOR Y¬URENX 7DWR ÷mVOD SRPRKRX VHUYLVQmPX S
Úvod 1(%(=3(ö VLJQDOL]XMH NUDMQm UL]LNR NWHUk SRYHGH N Yg©QkPX ]UDQ Qm QHER XVPUFHQm SRNXG QHEXGRX GRGU©RYgQD GRSRUX÷HQg RSDWøHQm 9¬675$+$ VLJQDOL]XMH UL]LNR NWHUk Pû©H YkVW N Yg©QkPX ]UDQ Qm QHER XVPUFHQm SRNXG QHEXGRX GRGU©RYgQD GRSRUX÷HQg RSDWøHQm 832=251 1 VLJQDOL]XMH UL]LNR NWHUk Pû©H YkVW N GUREQkPX QHER VWøHGQmPX ]UDQ Qm SRNXG QHEXGRX GRGU©RYgQD GRSRUX÷HQg RSDWøHQm .
2EVDK 6WUDQ %H]SH÷QRVW %H]SH÷Q¬ SURYR] +ODGLQD DNXVWLFNkKR WODNX +ODGLQD KODVLWRVWL URYHé YLEUDFm 'LDJUDP VNORQX VYDKX 9¬]QDP MHGQRWOLY¬FK V\PEROû %HQ]LQ D ROHM 'RSRUX÷HQ¬ EHQ]LQ
%H]SHøQRVW 7HQWR VWURM VSOèXMH QHER SùHNUDøXMH SR©DGDYN\ HYURSVNFK QRUHP YGRE YURE\ , YWRPWR SùmSDG Y§DN Pü©H §SDWQk SRX©mYgQm QHER rGU©ED ]SüVRELW ]UDQ Qm 3UR VQm©HQm QHEH]SHøm SRUDQ Qm SRVWXSXMWH GOH EH]SHøQRVWQmFK SRN\Qü D Y©G\ GgYHMWH SR]RU QD V\PERO EH]SHøQRVWQmKR UL]LND NWHU R]QDøXMH 832=251 1 9$5291 QHER 1(%(=3(öSRN\Q\ SUR RVREQm EH]SHøQRVW 3RNXG VH QHEXGHWH ùmGLW W PLWR SRN\Q\ Pü©H GRMmW NSRUDQ Qm QHER XVPUFHQm RVRE 2EHFQ SURYR] 3øHG VSX§W QmP VWURMH VH XMLVW WH ©H MVWH SøH
%H]SH÷QRVW 6HNHMWH SRX]H ]D GHQQmKR VY WOD QHER ]D GREU¬FK SRGPmQHN XP OkKR RVY WOHQm 1LNG\ QHøL WH VWURM SRG YOLYHP DONRKROX QHER GURJ 'gYHMWH SR]RU QD SURYR] YEOm]NRVWL VLOQLF QHER SøL MHMLFK SøHMm©G Qm 'EHMWH ]Y¬§HQk RSDWUQRVWL SøL QDNOgGgQm QHER VNOgGgQm VWURMH QD QgNODGQm Yû] QHER WDKD÷ 1HGRW¬NHMWH VH ÷gVWm VWURMH QHER SøLSRMHQkKR ]Døm]HQm NWHUk PRKRX E¬W SR SURYR]X KRUNk 1HFKWH ]Døm]HQm Y\FKODGQRXW SøHG ]DKgMHQmP rGU©E\ QDVWDYRYgQm QHER RSUDY\ 3URYR] QD VYD]mFK 6YDK\ MVRX
%H]SH÷QRVW ' WL 2SUDY\ .H WUDJLFN¬P QHKRGgP Pû©H GRMmW SRNXG QHQm Y QRYgQD SR]RUQRVW SømWRPQRVWL G Wm ' WL MVRX ÷DVWR SøLWDKRYgQ\ VWURMHP D VHNgQmP WUgY\ 1LNG\ QHSøHGSRNOgGHMWH ©H G WL ]ûVWDQRX QD PmVW NGH MVWH MH QDSRVOHG\ YLG OL -H WøHED VSOéRYDW QgVOHGXMmFm SR©DGDYN\ DE\ E\OR ]DEUgQ QR SRUDQ Qm G Wm =DVWDYWH PRWRU D RGSRMWH NDEHO\ VYm÷HN SøHG ]DKgMHQmP rGU©E\ RSUDY QHER QDVWDYRYgQm 'EHMWH ]Y¬§HQk RSDWUQRVWm SøL ]DFKg]HQm VEHQ]mQHP D MLQ¬PL NDSDOLQDPL -VRX KRøODYk D MHMLFK SgU\ MV
%H]SH÷QRVW 6RX÷gVWL ]DFK\WgYD÷H WUgY\ MVRX Y\VWDYHQ\ RSRWøHEHQm D SR§NR]HQm NWHUk Pû©H RGKDOLW SRK\EOLYk ÷gVWL QHER XPR©QLW Y\PU§W Qm ]DFK\FHQ¬FK REMHNWû õDVWR NRQWUROXMWH W\WR VRX÷gVWL D SRNXG MH WR QXWQk WDN MH Y\P éWH ]D GmO\ GRSRUX÷HQk Y¬UREFHP 1R©H VHND÷N\ MVRX RVWUk D PRKRX YgV SRøH]DW =DEDOWH QR©H QHER SRX©LMWH RSRWøHEHQk UXNDYLFH SRNXG VQLPL SUDFXMHWH +ODGLQD DNXVWLFNkKR WODNX 7DWR MHGQRWND Pg HNYLYDOHQWQm $ Y\Yg©HQ¬ DNXVWLFN¬ WODN Y PmVW XFKD RSHUgWRUD G% $ GOH P øHQm VWHMQ¬FK
%H]SH÷QRVW 6
%H]SH÷QRVW 'LDJUDP VNORQX VYDKX 3ùHøW WH VL YH§NHUk EH]SHøQRVWQm SRN\Q\ QD VWUDQgFK 3÷,/2¨7( 7872 +5$18 .( 69,6/d08 3295&+8 67520 %8'29$ 6/283(. 3/278 672¨5 $7' + 5 $ 1 2 8 6 . / 2 1 3 v ô.
%H]SH÷QRVW 8
%H]SH÷QRVW 9]QDP MHGQRWOLYFK V\PEROü %H]SHøQRVWQm YVWUD©Q V\PERO 1HEH]SHøm SRUDQ Qm QR©HP VHNDøND SùL SRK\EX Y]DG %H]SHøQRVWQm YVWUD©Q V\PERO 8GU©XMWH EH]SHøQRX Y]GgOHQRVW RG VWURMH 3ùHøW WH VL SùmUXøNX SUR REVOXKX 3RGmYHMWH VH GR WHFKQLFNk SùmUXøN\ NGH MVRX XYHGHQ\ VSUgYQk VHUYLVQm SRVWXS\ 6WüMWH Y EH]SHøQk Y]GgOH QRVWL RG VHNDøN\ 2GKR]HQk D RGOHWXMmFm SùHGP W\ MHMLFK YOLYX MH Y\VWDYHQR FHOk W OR 8GU©XMWH G WL Y EH]SHøQk Y]GgOHQRVWL RG VWURMH 2GKR]HQk D RGOHWXMmFm SùHGP W\ QD VWUDQX QDNORQ
%H]SH÷QRVW 9]QDP MHGQRWOLYFK V\PEROü =gNODGQm V\PERO ùH]QkKR SUYNX 1DVWDYHQm Y§N\ ùH]QkKR SUYNX ÷H]Qg MHGQRWND ]YHGQXWm ÷H]Qg MHGQRWND VQm©HQm -m]GD QD ]Dùm]HQm MH GRYROHQD SRX]H QD VHGDøFH SUR VSROXMH]GFH D MHQRP SRNXG QHQm ]DNU\W ùLGLøüY YKOHG 5R]PDøNgQm SUVWü QHER UXNRX VmOD ]H VWUDQ\ =S WQ Ug] QHER SRK\E Y]KüUX XYROQ Qg HQHUJLH 8VHNQXWm QHER QDYLQXWm VSRGQmP RWRøQP §QHNHP 3RUDQ Qm SUVWü QHER UXN\ ORSDWND RE ©QkKR NROD 9\SQ WH PRWRU D Y\MP WH NOmøHN SùHG WmP QH© SURYHGHWH rGU©EX QHER RSUD
%H]SH÷QRVW 9]QDP MHGQRWOLYFK V\PEROü 5\FKOH 3RPDOX 3DOLYR +ODGLQD SDOLYD 6Qm©HQm ]Y§HQm 9 SURYR]X 9\SQXWR 0RWRU 6WDUW PRWRUX 3Ug]GQ REMHP 3OQ REMHP 6WDY QDELWm EDWHULH 6Y WORPHW\ VY WOD GgONRYg =DVWDYHQm PRWRUX %U]GQ V\VWkP 6\WLø 3DUNRYDFm EU]GD 7HSORWD PRWRUX 6SRMND 3RKRQ SùmGDYQFK ]Dùm]HQm 7ODN PD]DFmKR ROHMH PRWRUX +ODGLQD ROHMH PD]gQm PRWRUX =gE U 9\SQXWm 2GHPøHQR =DPøHQR .
%HQ]LQ D ROHM 'RSRUXøHQ EHQ]LQ 3RX©mYHMWH E ©Q¬ EH]RORYQDW¬ EHQ]LQ YKRGQ¬ SUR DXWRPRELO\ PLQLPgOQ RNWDQû /]H SRX©mW L E ©Q¬ EHQ]LQ V RORYHP SRNXG QHQm N GLVSR]LFL EH]RORYQDW¬ 'û/(¨,7d 1LNG\ QHSRX©mYHMWH PHWDQRO EHQ]LQ V PHWDQROHP QHER EHQ]LQ V OLKHP R REVDKX YmFH QH© HWDQROX SURWR©H E\ VH PRKO SR§NRGLW SDOLYRY V\VWkP 1HPmFKHMWH ROHM V EHQ]LQHP 1(%(=3(õ 327(1&,/1 1(%(=3(ö =D XUøLWFK SRGPmQHN MH EHQ]LQ YHOPL KRùODY D Y\VRFH YEX§Q &2 6( 0û¨( 677 3R©gU QHER YEXFK EHQ]LQX YgV Q
%HQ]LQ D ROHM 6WDELOL]gWRU D NRQGLFLRQkU 3OQ Qm SDOLYRYk QgGU©H . EHQ]LQX SøLGHMWH VSUgYQk PQR©VWYm VWDELOL]gWRUX D NRQGLFLRQkUX 9\SQ WH PRWRU D ]DMLVW WH YR]LGOR SDUNRYDFm EU]GRX 3øL VNODGRYgQm YGkOFH GR GQû XGU©XMWH EHQ]mQ YFKODGX 3øL GHO§mP VNODGRYgQm MH QXWQk ]DMLVWLW MHKR RGYRGéRYgQm õLVWm PRWRU NG\© MH Y FKRGX =DEUDéXMH WYRUE SU\VN\øL÷QDW¬FK XVD]HQLQ Y SDOLYRYkP V\VWkPX NWHUk PRKRX ]SûVRELW REWm©H SøL VWDUWRYgQm 2÷LVW WH NROHP Ym÷ND QgGU©H D VHMP WH Ym÷NR 'RSOéWH GR
3URYR] %H]SHøQRVW SùHGHY§mP 3DUNRYDFm EU]GD 3URVmP SøH÷W WH VL SH÷OLY YH§NHUk EH]SH÷QRVWQm SRN\Q\ D V\PERO\ Y WkWR ÷gVWL Y QRYDQk EH]SH÷QRVWL =QDORVW W FKWR LQIRUPDFm E\ YgP YD§m URGLQ YD§LP GRPgFmP ]YmøDWûP L QgKRGQ¬P VY GNûP PRKOD SRPRFL Y\KQRXW VH ]UDQ Qm 3øL ]DVWDYHQm VWURMH QHER NG\© MHM QHFKgYgWH EH] GR]RUX Y©G\ ]DWgKQ WH SDUNRYDFm EU]GX 2YOgGDFm SUYN\ 3øHG XYHGHQmP ]Døm]HQm GR SURYR]X D YODVWQmP SURYR]HP VH VH]QDPWH VH Y§HPL RYOgGDFmPL SUYN\ REU 8YHGHQm SDUNRYDFm EU]G\ Y øLQQRVW
Provoz 1DVWDYHQm SRORK\ VHGDøN\ 2YOgGgQm QR©ü 372 6HGD÷ND VH Pû©H SRK\ERYDW YSøHG D Y]DG 'HMWH VHGD÷NX GR WDNRYk SRORK\ DE\VWH P OL QHMOHS§m PR©QRVW øm]HQm D DE\ VH YgP VHG OR FR QHMSRKRGOQ ML 2YOgGgQm QR©û 372 ]DSmQg D Y\SmQg SRKRQ QR©û QR©H =DSRMHQm QR©ü QR©H =YHGQ WH VHGD÷NX D XYROQ WH QDVWDYRYDFm NQRIOmN REU =DVWDYWH VWURM VH§OgSQXWmP VSRMNRYkKR EU]GRYkKR SHGgOX 3RVXéWH VHGD÷NX GR SR©DGRYDQk SRORK\ D XWgKQ WH NQRIOmN 3øHVXéWH RYOgGgQm QR©û 372 GR SRORK\ (1*$*(' REU
Provoz 1DVWDYHQm Y§N\ VHNgQm 2 3gND SUR QDVWDYHQm Y¬§N\ VHNgQm ]YHGgQm GHVN\ VH SRX©mYg SUR ]Y¬§HQm QHER VQm©HQm Y¬§N\ VHNgQm QD Y¬§NX SR©DGRYDQRX 9¬§ND VHNgQm VH Pû©H QDVWDYLW QD MHGQX ]H VHGPL SRORK RG SøLEOL©Q D© PP D© =DWgKQ WH ]D SgNX Y¬§N\ VHNgQm ]YHGgQm GHVN\ D SøHVXéWH ML GR ©gGDQk SRORK\ REU 4 1 3 1505 2EUg]HN .
Provoz 'û/(¨,7d 3RNXG PRWRU QHQDVNRøm SR VHNXQGgFK QHSùHWU©LWkKR VWDUWRYgQm RWRøWH NOmøNHP GR SRORK\ 2)) D SRQHFKWH VWDUWRYDFm PRWRU Y\FKODGQRXW REUD WH VH QD NDSLWROX 2GVWUDèRYgQm SRUXFK VWU =DVWDYRYgQm 3R]QgPND 3RNXG PRWRU SURYgG O QgUR÷QRX ÷LQQRVW QHER MH KRUN¬ QHFKWH MHM E ©HW ]KUXED PLQXWX QDSUg]GQR D WHSUYH SRWRP RWR÷WH ]DSDORYDFmP NOm÷NHP GR SRORK\ 2)) 7R XPR©Qm RFKOD]HQm PRWRUX SøHG ]DVWDYHQmP 9 SømSDG QRX]H Pû©H E¬W PRWRU Y\SQXW RWR÷HQmP NOm÷NX GR SRORK\ 2)) 3R VWDUWX
Provoz =S WQ FKRG %H]SH÷QRVWQm ]Døm]HQm ]DPH]XMH YFKRGX SøLSRMHQkPX VWURML SRNXG WUDNWRU SRMm©Gm YH ]S WQkP FKRGX 3RNXG MH ]Døm]HQm SøHSQXWR GR ]S WQkKR FKRGX D MH OL ]gURYHé SøLSRMHQD VHND÷ND QHER MLQk SRKgQ Qk ]Døm]HQm PRWRU VH DXWRPDWLFN\ ]DVWDYm 1HVHNHMWH SùL Mm]G ]S W SRNXG WR QHQm DEVROXWQ QXWQk 3RNXG SRWøHEXMHWH VHNDW SøL Mm]G ]S W QHER SRX©mYDW MLQg SRKgQ Qg ]Døm]HQm MDNR RGNOm]H÷ VQ KX QHER NXOWLYgWRU MH PR©Qk WRWR ]DEH]SH÷HQm SURWL SRKRQX ]Døm]HQm SøL ]S WQkP FKRGX GR÷DVQ RGSRMLW 3øHG R
Provoz 1 6YROL÷HP U\FKORVWL YQHXWUgOQm SROR]H 1 SøHVXéWH RYOgGgQm QR©û 372 GR SRORK\ ',6(1*$*(' D XYROQ WH SDUNRYDFm EU]GX 2WR÷WH Q\Qm NOm÷NHP ]DSDORYgQm GR SRORK\ 67$57 PRWRU E\ VH QHP O WR÷LW 6YROL÷HP U\FKORVWL YQHXWUgOQm SROR]H 1 XYH WH Y ÷LQQRVW SDUNRYDFm EU]GX D SøHVXéWH RYOgGgQm QR©û 372 GR SRORK\ ',6(1*$*(' 1DVWDUWXMWH PRWRU .G\© PRWRU E ©m XYROQ WH SDUNRYDFm EU]GX D OHKFH VH ]YHGQ WH ]H VHGD÷N\ PRWRU E\ VH P O ]DVWDYLW 3øHVXéWH RYOgGgQm QR©û 372 GR SRORK\ ',6(1*$*
Provoz 3R]QgPND 3UR Mm]GX ]S W VSøLSRMHQ¬P SRKgQ Q¬P ]Døm]HQmP MH WøHED Y\øDGLW ]SURYR]X ]DEH]SH÷HQm ]S WQkKR FKRGX SRPRFm NOm÷H YSøHSmQD÷L 9ROED XPmVW QkP YSøHGX SRG VHGDGOHP 83=251 1 327(1&,/1 1(%(=3(ö 3RNXG SùmOL§ U\FKOH XYROQmWH VSRMNRY EU]GRY SHGgO SùL ]DùD]HQk U\FKORVWL VWURM VH XYHGH GR SRK\EX SùmOL§ QgKOH &2 6( 0û¨( 677 3ùmOL§ U\FKOk XYHGHQm VWURMH GR FKRGX Pü©H ]SüVRELW ]WUgWX NRQWURO\ QDG ]Dùm]HQmP -$. 6( 9<+1287 1(%(=3(ö 9©G\ XYROèXMWH VSRMNRY EU]GRY SHGgO ]YROQD SùL XY
Provoz 2GKD]RYgQm WUgY\ QD ERN QHER PXOøRYgQm 1(%(=3(õ 327(1&,/1 1(%(=3(ö 6FKg]m OL WUDYQm GHIOHNWRU NU\W YVWXSX SRVHNDQk WUgY\ QHER FHOg VHVWDYD SUR ]DFK\FRYgQm WUgY\ MVWH MDN Y\ WDN RVWDWQm Y\VWDYHQm NRQWDNWX V QR©L D RGKD]RYDQP rORPNüP ,QVWDODFH NU\WX SUR Y\KD]RYgQm WUgY\ 6HND÷NX MH PR©QR SøHVWDYLW ] NRQILJXUDFH SUR ER÷Qm Y\KD]RYgQm WUgY\ QD NRQILJXUDFL SUR PXO÷RYgQm LQVWDODFm NU\WX SUR Y\KD]RYgQm WUgY\ GR RWYRUX QD VWUDQ VHND÷N\ 9\SQ WH PRWRU D Y\MP WH NOm÷HN ]H ]DSDORYgQm =YHGQ
Provoz &KFHWH OL VH YUgWLW ]S W N Y\KD]RYgQm WUgY\ QD VWUDQX VHMP WH NU\W SUR Y\KD]RYgQm WUgY\ D VWgKQ WH WUDYQm GHIOHNWRU SøHV Y¬VWXSQm RWYRU 3RN\Q\ SUR VHNgQm WUgY\ 1DVWDYHQm NODSN\ GR SRORK\ )$67 U\FKOH 6P U VHNgQm 6P U VHNgQm VWømGHMWH WDN DE\VWH XGU©HOL WUgYX VWgW Y]SømPHQ 7R WDNk SRPû©H UR]SW¬OLW SRVHNDQRX WUgYX FR© GgOH ]OHS§m MHMm UR]NODG D KQRMHQm 6HNHMWH YH VSUgYQFK LQWHUYDOHFK 1HMOHS§m VHNgQm D PD[LPgOQm SUûWRN Y]GXFKX MH SøL SURYR]X PRWRUX )$67 . WRPX DE\ VH VWkEOD WUgY\ øgGQ
Provoz 3ùL ]DVWDYHQm .G\© VH PXVm SøL VHNgQm ]DVWDYLW SRK\E VWURMH YSøHG Pû©H VH QD WUgYQmN GRVWDW FKXPg÷ SRVHNDQk WUgY\ 7RPX ]DPH]mWH WDNWR 1DVWDYWH QR©H GR SRORK\ (1*$*(' D SøHMH WH QD SORFKX NWHUg E\OD ML© GømYH SRVHNgQD $E\ VH SRVHNDQg WUgYD URYQRP UQ UR]SW¬OLOD ]YHGQ WH VHND÷NX R MHGHQ QHER GYD GmON\ D SøLWRP MH WH YSøHG V QR©L Y SROR]H (1*$*(' 8GU©XMWH VSRGHN VHNDøN\ Y øLVWRW 3R ND©GkP SRX©LWm D VSRGHN VHND÷N\ RG SRVHNDQk WUgY\ D RG §SmQ\ Y\P¬YDFmP WYRUHP 3RNXG E\ VH GRVWDOD WUg
GU©ED öDVRYg WDEXOND rGU©E\ 6HUYLVQm rNRQ .D©Gk SRX©LWm 2OHM SUYQm Y¬P QD KRGLQ KRGLQ 6HUYLV SùL XOR©HQm ; 2OHM NRQWUROD KODGLQ\ ; .RQWUROD EH]SH÷QRVWQmKR V\VWkPX ; ; ; .RQWUROD QR©û ; ; ; .RQWUROD EU]G\ ; ; ; 1DPD]gQm §DVL ; ; 3 QRY¬ ILOWU Y]GXFKX VHUYLV ; ; 3DSmURY¬ ILOWU Y]GXFKX Y¬P QD ; ; ; .RQWUROD RSRWøHEHQm SømS SR§NR]HQm øHPHQH ; 9\SX§W Qm EHQ]LQX ; 9Q M§m ÷L§W Qm PRWRUX ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 1DELWm EDWHULH RGSRMHQm NDEHOû ; 9¬P QD SDOLYRY
GU©ED 83=251 1 327(1&,/1 1(%(=3(ö 1HFKgWH OL NOmøHN YH VNùmèFH ]DSDORYgQm Pü©H QLNGR MLQ QDVWDUWRYDW 0D]DFm PmVWD 'R SøHGQmFK NRO D QD YøHWHQD øm]HQm GHMWH WROLN PD]DFmKR WXNX DE\ Y\WkNDO ] OR©LVHN REU &2 6( 0û¨( 677 1gKRGQk QDVWDUWRYgQm PRWRUX Pü©H Yg©Q YgV QHER RNRORVWRMmFm SRUDQLW -$. 6( 9<+1287 1(%(=3(ö 3ùHG MDNPNROLY rNRQHP rGU©E\ Y\MP WH NOmøHN ]H ]DSDORYgQm D RGSRMWH NDEHO VYmøN\ 2GWgKQ WH NDEHO VWUDQRX DE\ VH QgKRGQ VYmøN\ QHGRWNO m--2346 2EUg]HN 0D]gQm 6HU
GU©ED 1DVWDYHQm EU]G\ 3øHG QDVWDYHQmP EU]G\ EU]GX Y\]NRX§HMWH YL] NDSLWROX .RQWUROD EU]G\ VWU &KFHWH OL ]Y¬§LW EU]GQ¬ RGSRU XWgKQ WH QDVWDYRYDFm PDWLFL EU]G\ REU R RWR÷N\ SR VP UX RWg÷HQm KRGLQRY¬FK UX÷L÷HN SDN ]QRYX ]NRQWUROXMWH EU]GX 3RNUD÷XMWH YQDVWDYRYgQm D NRQWUROH GRNXG QHQm EU]GD VSUgYQ VHøm]HQD 6WOD÷WH VSRMNRY¬ EU]GRY¬ SHGgO DE\ VH SDUNRYDFm EU]GD XYROQLOD 1 m--1872 2EUg]HN 'ømN YHQWLONX %U]GD %U]GD MH QD SUDYk VWUDQ ]DGQm RV\ XYQLWø ]DGQm SQHXPDWLN\
GU©ED 6FKkPD ]DSRMHQm .(< 6:,7&+ 31 2)) 1(3ö,32-(12 21 % , $ 67$57 $ ; < %$59< 92',õú % , 6 6 ;/ 6&+ =$3$/291 ; $ , 6 , % < 6 $ % %1 +1 ' 3. 5ú¨29 %8 02'5 %. õ(51 *< ¦(' < ¨/87 : %/ 7 ¨/872+1d' 9,2 ),$/29 *1 =(/(1 5 õ(59(1 25 25$1¨29 ./õ29« 631$õ 3. %8 25 5 ) 5 5 $ %$7(5,( 6 =2%5$=(12 6 372 8=(01 1 372 ',6(1*$*(' 3. *< 62/(1,2' 3$/,9$ %8 *< 7 6 $/7(51725 ) 9,2 6('$'/2 6(31872 32.
GU©ED 3RMLVWND 6HUYLVQm LQWHUYDO D VSHFLILNDFH =DWOD÷WH QD ©gURYNX D RWR÷WH V Qm SURWL VP UX KRGLQRY¬FK UX÷L÷HN D© QD GRUD] SøLEOL©Q RWg÷N\ D Y\MP WH ML ] GU©gNX REU (OHNWULFN¬ V\VWkP MH FKUgQ Q SRMLVWNDPL 1HQm QXWQg ©gGQg rGU©ED SRNXG Y§DN MH SRMLVWND VSgOHQD ]NRQWUROXMWH REYRG ]GD Q NGH QHQm ]NUDWRYgQ 3øL Y¬P Q SRMLVWN\ ML Y\MP WH ]H ]gVWU÷N\ REU 1RYRX SRMLVWNX ]DWOD÷WH GROû GR PH]HU\ 5 5 1 3 4 3RMLVWN\ $ OLVWRYk 2 1 4 2 m--1672 2EUg]HN 9\MPXWg SRMLVWND
GU©ED 'U©gN ©gURYN\ Pg GYD Y¬YRG\ REU 6URYQHMWH Y¬YRG\ V RWYRU\ Y UHIOHNWRUX YOR©WH GU©gN ©gURYN\ GR UHIOHNWRUX D RWR÷WH V QmP R RWg÷N\ YH VP UX KRGLQRY¬FK UX÷L÷HN QD GRUD] 2 5 =DWOD÷WH NRQHNWRU\ NDEHOû QD NRQFRYN\ QD GU©gNX ©gURYN\ %DWHULH 6HUYLVQm LQWHUYDO D VSHFLILNDFH 3øHG ND©G¬P SRX©LWmP ]NRQWUROXMWH KODGLQX HOHNWURO\WX Y EDWHULL %DWHULL Y©G\ XGU©XMWH Y ÷LVWRW D SOQ QDELWRX 3UR R÷L§W Qm EDWHULH D VNømQ EDWHULH SRX©LMWH SDSmURY¬ UX÷QmN -VRX OL NRQFRYN\ EDWHULH ]NRURGRYDQk
GU©ED 1 2 2 3 3 4 1 m--1878 2EUg]HN 5 m--2347 2EUg]HN %DWHULH 2WYRU YH VNømQL EDWHULH .U\W EDWHULH 2WYRU\ Y UgPX 9HQWLOD÷Qm WUXEND 9OR©WH NU\W EDWHULH D EDWHULL GR §DVL REU 8MLVW WH VH ©H NRQHF YHQWLOD÷Qm WUXEN\ SUR§HO RWYRU\ Y UgPX REU 3RPRFm §URXEX D NømGORYk PDWLFH SøLSRMWH NODGQ¬ ÷HUYHQ¬ NDEHO NH NODGQkPX NROmNX EDWHULH REU 3øHV NROmN EDWHULH VWgKQ WH JXPRY¬ NU\W 3RPRFm §URXEX D NømGORYk PDWLFH SøLSRMWH ]gSRUQ¬ ÷HUQ¬ NDEHO N ]gS
GU©ED 9\MP WH EDWHULL ]H §DVL YL] 9\MPXWm EDWHULH VWU =NRQWUROXMWH KODGLQX HOHNWURO\WX YL] .RQWUROD KODGLQ\ HOHNWURO\WX VWU NURN\ 2G§URXEXMWH ] EDWHULH ]gWN\ D SøLSRMWH QD NROmN\ EDWHULH D© DPSkURYRX QDEmMH÷NX EDWHULm %DWHULL QDEmMHMWH U\FKORVWm QHER PkQ DPSkUû SR GREX KRGLQ YROWû %DWHULL QHSøHEmMHMWH 3R SOQkP QDELWm EDWHULH RS W QD§URXEXMWH ]gWN\ 9«675$+$ 'HPRQWg© VYmøN\ 2GSRMWH RYOgGgQm QR©û 372 ]DøD WH QHXWUgO XYH WH Y ÷LQQRVW SDUNRYDFm EU]GX D
GU©ED 3DOLYRYg QgGU© .RQWUROD VYmøN\ 3RGmYHMWH VH QD VWøHG VYm÷N\ REU -H OL L]ROgWRU VY WOH KQ G¬ QHER §HG¬ SUDFXMH PRWRU VSUgYQ õHUQ¬ SRYODN QD L]ROgWRUX REY\NOH ]QDPHQg ©H MH Y]GXFKRY¬ ILOWU ]QH÷L§W Q 'û/(¨,7d 6YmøNX QLNG\ QHøLVW WH 3RNXG Pg øHUQ SRYODN RSRWùHEHQk HOHNWURG\ MH ]DROHMRYDQg QHER SUDVNOg Y©G\ ML Y\P èWH 3URY øWH PH]HUX PH]L HOHNWURGDPL REU 1HQm OL PH]HUD Y SRøgGNX SøLKQ WH SRVWUDQQm HOHNWURGX REU 2 3 1 PP m--1870 2EUg]HN ,]RO
GU©ED 6WOD÷WH N VRE NRQFH VYRUN\ KDGLFH D Y\WgKQ WH ML Y]KûUX QD SDOLYRYk SRWUXEm YH VP UX N SDOLYRYk QgGU©L REU 9\WgKQ WH SDOLYRYk SRWUXEm ] ILOWUX REU D QHFKWH EHQ]LQ Y\WkNDW GR QgGU©H QHER Y\SRX§W Fm QgGRE\ 2GSRMWH RYOgGgQm QR©û 372 ]DøD WH QHXWUgO XYH WH Y ÷LQQRVW SDUNRYDFm EU]GX D RWR÷WH NOm÷NHP ]DSDORYgQm GR SRORK\ 2)) DE\ VH PRWRU ]DVWDYLO 2WHYøHWH NDSRWX 3R]QgPND 1\Qm MH QHMYKRGQ M§m GRED SUR QDPRQWRYgQm QRYkKR SDOLYRYkKR ILOWUX SURWR©H SDOLYRYg QgGU© MH SU
GU©ED 9P QD S QRYkKR D SDSmURYkKR ILOWUX 1 2GSRMWH RYOgGgQm QR©û 372 ]DøD WH QHXWUgO XYH WH Y ÷LQQRVW SDUNRYDFm EU]GX D RWR÷WH NOm÷NHP ]DSDORYgQm GR SRORK\ 2)) DE\ VH PRWRU ]DVWDYLO 2WHYøHWH NDSRWX 2÷LVW WH SURVWRU NROHP ILOWUX Y]GXFKX DE\ VH ]DPH]LOR SURQLNQXWm QH÷LVWRW\ GR PRWRUX D PR©QRX SRUXFKX 2G§URXEXMWH NQRIOmN D VHMP WH NU\W ILOWUX Y]GXFKX REU 2 m--1864 2EUg]HN 1 3 QRY¬ ILOWU 3DSmURY¬ ILOWU 2G§URXEXMWH JXPRYRX PDWNX D Y\MP WH SDSmURY¬ ILOWU REU
GU©ED öL§W Qm S QRYkKR D SDSmURYkKR ILOWUX 3 QRY¬ ILOWU $ 9\SHUWH S QRY¬ ILOWU Y WHNXWkP P¬GOH D WHSOk YRG .G\© MH ILOWU ÷LVW¬ øgGQ MHM SURSOgFKQ WH % 9\VX§WH ILOWU Y\PD÷NgQmP GR ÷LVWkKR KDGUX 'û/(¨,7d 1LNG\ SDSmURY ILOWU QHøLVW WH VWODøHQP Y]GXFKHP QHER NDSDOLQDPL MDNR MVRX UR]SRX§W GOD SO\Q QHER SHWUROHM 9\P èWH SDSmURY ILOWU MH OL SR§NR]HQ NG\© MH YDGQ QHER NG\© MHM QHO]H GüNODGQ Y\øLVWLW & 1D ILOWU QDQHVWH MHGQX QHER GY XQFH FFD J ROHMH REU )LOWU SRPD÷NHMWH DE\
GU©ED 0RWRURY ROHM .RQWUROD KODGLQ\ ROHMH 6HUYLVQm LQWHUYDO D VSHFLILNDFH =DSDUNXMWH VWURM QD URYQkP SRYUFKX RGSRMWH RYOgGgQm QR©û 372 ]DøD WH QHXWUgO ]DWgKQ WH SDUNRYDFm EU]GX D RWR÷WH NOm÷NHP ]DSDORYgQm GR SRORK\ 2)) DE\ VH PRWRU ]DVWDYLO 9¬P QD ROHMH 3R SUYQmFK S WL SURYR]QmFK KRGLQgFK 3R ND©G¬FK SURYR]QmFK KRGLQgFK 2WHYøHWH NDSRWX 3R]QgPND -VRX OL SURYR]Qm SRGPmQN\ YHOPL SUD§Qk QHER SRNXG SUDFXMHWH Y SmVH÷QkP SURVWøHGm P éWH ROHM ÷DVW ML 2÷LVW WH RNROm ROHM
GU©ED 1ü© 9P QD D Y\SRX§W Qm ROHMH 1DVWDUWXMWH PRWRU D QHFKWH MHM E ©HW S W PLQXW 2OHM VH WmP ]DKøHMH D OkSH Y\WH÷H =DSDUNXMWH VWURM WDN DE\ OHYg SøHGQm VWUDQD E\OD OHKFH Qm©H QH© SUDYg VWUDQD DE\ VH ]DEH]SH÷LOR ©H SDOLYRYg QgGU© rSOQ Y\WH÷H 3DN RGSRMWH RYOgGgQm QR©û 372 ]DøD WH QHXWUgO ]DWgKQ WH SDUNRYDFm EU]GX D RWR÷WH NOm÷NHP ]DSDORYgQm GR SRORK\ 2)) DE\ VH PRWRU ]DVWDYLO 2WHYøHWH NDSRWX 9OR©WH SRG SOQLFm WUXENX V ROHMRYRX P UNRX Y¬SXVWQRX QgGREX D Y\MP WH Y¬SXVWQRX ]
GU©ED .RQWUROD QR©H QR©ü 2GPRQWXMWH VHND÷NX YL] NDSLWROD 2GSRMHQm VHND÷N\ VWU 3URKOkGQ WH VHNDFm RVWøm REU 1HMVRX OL RVWøm QDEURX§HQg QHER SRNXG MVRX QD QLFK YUXE\ RGPRQWXMWH Qû© D QDRVWøHWH MHM 9L] %URX§HQm QR©H VWU 9\§URXEXMWH §URXE NOm÷ VHMP WH ]DNøLYHQRX SRGOR©NX NOHF D Qû© REU 3UR RG§URXERYgQm O]H YOR©LW PH]L Qû© D VHND÷NX GøHY Q¬ NOmQ DE\ VH Qû© QHSURWg÷HO 3URKOkGQ WH Y§HFKQ\ VRX÷gVWL =SR]RUXMHWH OL ]gYDGX QDPRQWXMWH QRYk VRX÷gVWL =NRQW
GU©ED =NRQWUROXMWH Y\Yg©HQRVW QR©H WmP ©H MHM SROR©mWH QD Y\YD©RYDFm ]Døm]HQm REU =ûVWDQH OL Qû© Y KRUL]RQWgOQm SROR]H MH Qû© Y\Yg©HQ D Pû©H E¬W SRX©LW 1HQm OL Qû© Y\Yg©HQ MH WøHED XSLORYDW XU÷LWk PQR©VWYm NRYX ]H ]DGQm VWUDQ\ QR©H 7HQWR SRVWXS RSDNXMWH WDN GORXKR GRNXG QHQm Qû© Y\Yg©HQ 6HMP WH SRPRFQk SHUR SUR QDVWDYHQm Y¬§N\ VHNgQm ] SømGU©QkKR §URXEX REU SRPRFm QgVWURMH QD VQmPgQm SHUD GRGgYDQkKR VH VWURMHP 3HUR MH PH]L UgPHP D SUDY¬P ]DGQmP NROHP 1 2 3 2 1 m--1855 2EUg]
GU©ED 6HMP WH SRMLVWQRX PDWLFL ] NDEHOX RYOgGgQm QR©û 372 QD GU©gNX 9\WgKQ WH NDEHO ] GU©gNX REU 9\WgKQ WH YOgVHQNRYRX ]gYOD÷NX D SRGOR©NX QD NRQFL GORXKk W\÷H REU 9\WgKQ WH W\÷ ] RS U\ 3øHWgKQ WH NDEHO PLPR D SROR©WH MHM GRYQLWø UgPRYkKR SURILOX DE\ QHE\O ]DFK\FHQ øHPHQHP SRKRQX QHER øHPHQLFHPL 9\WgKQ WH YOgVHQNRYRX ]gYOD÷NX D SRGOR©NX QD SRORKRYDFmP GU©gNX VHND÷N\ REU 6WgKQ WH GU©gN ] RS UQkKR ÷HSX 3RGOR©NX D YOgVHQNRYRX ]gYOD÷NX ]QRYX QDVD WH DE\ VH QH]WUDWLO\
GU©ED 'û/(¨,7d 1HY\KEHMWH YRGLøH ùHPHQH RG ùHPHQLFH SURWR©H E\ SR SR]G M§mP ]DSRMHQm VHNDøN\ ùHPHQ ùgGQ QHSUDFRYDO 3 2 1 1D VSRGQm øHPHQLFL PRWRUX QDVD WH øHPHQ VHND÷N\ REU 3øL SH÷OLYk SUgFL Pû©HWH Y\KQRXW YRGL÷H øHPHQH SUgY WDN GDOHNR RG øHPHQLFH DE\ VH PRKO øHPHQ QDVDGLW -H OL SømOL§ REWm©Qk øHPHQ QDVDGLW XYROQ WH §URXE\ D PDWN\ ]DML§ XMmFm YRGL÷H øHPHQH 'û/(¨,7d 1HRKEHMWH YRGLøH ùHPHQH RG ùHPHQLFH 0H]L YRGLøHP ùHPHQH D RNUDMHP ùHPHQLFH PXVm EW PD[LPgOQ PP DE\ VH
GU©ED 3URWgKQ WH NRQHF GORXKk W\÷H VNU] RWYRU Y RS øH VHND÷N\ REU 1DVD WH SRGOR©NX D YOgVHQNRYRX ]gYOD÷NX DE\ VH W\÷ ]DMLVWLOD QD PmVW 7HQWR NURN RSDNXMWH L QD RSD÷Qk VWUDQ VHND÷N\ 2 5 3 m--2384 2 2EUg]HN 4 3 2 m--1805 2EUg]HN 1 1DPRQWXMWH SRORKRYDFm GU©gN VHND÷N\ V RWYRU\ QD ÷HS QD UDPHQR Y¬§N\ VHNgQm REU 1DVD WH SRGOR©NX D YOgVHQNRYRX ]gYOD÷NX DE\ VH VHND÷ND ]DMLVWLOD 7HQWR NURN RSDNXMWH L QD RSD÷Qk VWUDQ VHND÷N\ 1 4 7\÷ 3RORKRYDFm GU©gN 9OgVHQN
GU©ED 3øHVXéWH Sg÷NX Y¬§N\ VHNgQm ]YHGgQm GHVN\ GR ]gøH]X ' DE\ VH GDOR SRPRFQk SHUR QDVWDYHQm Y¬§N\ VHNgQm OHK÷HML QDVDGLW =DKgNQ WH SRPRFQk SHUR QDVWDYHQm Y¬§N\ VHNgQm QD SømGU©Q¬ §URXE REU ]D SRX©LWm QgVWURMH QD LQVWDODFL D Y\MmPgQm SHUD GRGgYDQkKR VSROX VH VWURMHP 1 2 3 0RQWg© ùHPHQH SRKRQX QR©ü 1DVD WH QRY¬ øHPHQ NROHP øHPHQLF QR©û D SRG YRGL÷ øHPHQH QD YRGLFm NODGNX 8PmVW WH YRGL÷ øHPHQH YRGLFm NODGN\ WDN DE\ PmøLO VP UHP YOHYR SRG rKOHP N YRGmFmPX UDPHQX REU
GU©ED 6WUDQRYk Y\URYQgQm VHNDøN\ 1R©H VHND÷N\ PXVm E¬W QD RERX VWUDQgFK QD VWHMQk rURYQL .G\NROLY SøLSRMXMHWH VHND÷NX QHER NG\© YLGmWH QD WUgYQmNX QHURYQg SRVHNDQg PmVWD ]NRQWUROXMWH L VWUDQRYk Y\URYQgQm 3øHG Y\URYQgQmP QDVWDYWH WODN Y]GXFKX Y SøHGQmFK L ]DGQmFK SQHXPDWLNgFK QD SR©DGRYDQ¬ WODN 9L] NDSLWROD 7ODN YSQHXPDWLNgFK VWDQD YRGGmOH rGU©E\ 2 =DSDUNXMWH VWURM QD URYQkP SRYUFKX RGSRMWH RYOgGgQm QR©û 372 ]DøD WH QHXWUgO ]DWgKQ WH SDUNRYDFm EU]GX D RWR÷WH NOm÷NHP ]DSDOR
GU©ED =P øWH GkONX W\÷H Y\÷QmYDMmFm YHQ ]SøHGX ] QDVWDYRYDFmKR EORNX SR VWUDQgFK §DVL REU 1HQm OL GkOND W\÷H PP Y\MP WH QD NRQFL W\÷H YOgVHQNRYRX ]gYOD÷NX D SRGOR©NX REU D RWg÷HMWH W\÷m GRNXG VH QH]mVNg Y]GgOHQRVW PP 3DN QDVD WH NRQHF W\÷ GR RWYRUX Y RS øH VHND÷N\ D ]DMLVW WH SRGOR©NRX D YOgVHQNRYRX ]gYOD÷NRX 7HQWR SRVWXS RSDNXMWH QD RSD÷Qk VWUDQ VHND÷N\ 2 1 PP 1 2 3 4 1805 m--1892 1 2EUg]HN 9OgVHQNRYg ]gYOD÷ND D 3øHGQm RWYRU SRG
GU©ED 3R VWHMQkP QDVWDYHQm RERX SRMLVWQ¬FK PDWLF §URXEû V RN\ ]NRQWUROXMWH RS W VNORQ ]SøHGX Y]DG 3RNUD÷XMWH Y QDVWDYRYgQm §URXEû V RN\ GRNXG QHQm SøHGQm RNUDM QR©H PP Qm©H QH© ]DGQm RNUDM QR©H REU -H OL VNORQ ]SøHGX Y]DG Y SRøgGNX GRWgKQ WH PRQWg©Qm §URXE\ RWR÷Qk GHVWL÷N\ REU 1 3R]QgPND 1DPD©WH ©OXWRX YD]HOmQX QD R SUVWHQHF Y\P¬YDFmKR RWYRUX DE\ PRKOD VSRMND VQDGQ ML NORX]DW D DE\ E\O R SUVWHQHF FKUgQ Q 6QL©WH VHND÷NX QD QHMQL©§m Y¬§NX VHNgQm 6HGQ WH
GU©ED 9«675$+$ 327(1&,/1 1(%(=3(ö 3UDVNOg QHER FK\E MmFm SURSODFKRYDFm DUPDWXUD YgV L MLQk Pü©H Y\VWDYLW RGKR]HQP SùHGP WüP QHER NRQWDNWX V QR©L &2 6( 0û¨( 677 =gVDK RGOHWXMmFmPL rORPN\ QHER NRQWDNW V QR©L YgV Pü©H SRUDQLW QHER L XVPUWLW -$. 6( 9<+1287 1(%(=3(ö ,KQHG Y\P èWH SUDVNORX QHER VFKg]HMmFm SURSODFKRYDFm DUPDWXUX SDN WHSUYH Pü©HWH VHNDøNX ]QRYX SRX©mW 9§HFKQ\ RWYRU\ Y VHNDøFH ]DNU\MWH §URXE\ D SRMLVWQPL PDWLFHPL 1LNG\ QHVWUNHMWH UXFH DQL QRK\ SRG VHNDøNX QHER GR RWYRUü Y VHN
GU©ED =NRQWUROXMWH WODN Y SQHXPDWLNgFK YL] 7ODN Y SQHXPDWLNgFK VWU 3øHG GHO§mP XOR©HQmP YmFH QH© GQû SøLGHMWH NSDOLYX GR QgGU©H VWDELOL]gWRU PO O R] JD $ 6SXV WH PRWRU DE\ E\OR SDOLYR VH VWDELOL]gWRUHP UR]YHGHQR SR FHOkP SDOLYRYkP V\VWkPX QD PLQXW % =DVWDYWH PRWRU QHFKWH MHM Y\FKODGQRXW D Y\SXV WH SDOLYRYRX QgGU© YL] NDSLWROD 3DOLYRYg QgGU© VWUDQD QHER QHFKWH PRWRU E ©HW GRNXG VH QH]DVWDYm & =QRYX VSXV WH PRWRU D QHFKWH MHM E ©HW GRNXG VH QH]DVWDYm 2SDNXMW
2GVWUDèRYgQm ]gYDG =9$'$ 6WDUWkU VH QHWR÷m 0RWRU QHO]H QDVWDUWRYDW VWDUWRYgQm MH REWm©Qk QHER ]KDVmQg 02¨1d 3÷ö,1< 135$9$ -H =$32-(12 SRORKD (1*$*(' RYOgGgQm QR©û 372 3øHSQ WH RYOgGgQm 372 QR©û GR SRORK\ ',6(1*$*(' Y\SQXWR 3DUNRYDFm EU]GD QHQm ]DWD©HQD =DWgKQ WH SDUNRYDFm EU]GX %DWHULH MH Y\ELWg 1DELMWH EDWHULL (OHNWULFNk VSRMH MVRX ]NRURGRYDQk QHER XYROQ Qk =NRQWUROXMWH HOHNWULFNk VSRMH ]GD PDMm GREU¬ NRQWDNW 3RMLVWND MH SUDVNOg 9\P éW
2GVWUDéRYgQm ]gYDG =9$'$ 0RWRU ]WUgFm Y¬NRQ 0RWRU VH SøHKømYg $EQRUPgOQm YLEUDFH 1R©H QR©H VH QHWR÷m 50 02¨1d 3÷ö,1< 135$9$ 0RWRU MH QDGP UQ ]DWm©HQ 3øHøD WH QD QL©§m VWXSHé D VQL©WH WDN U\FKORVW Mm]G\ )LOWU Y]GXFKX MH ]QH÷L§W Q 9\÷LVW WH VRX÷gVWL ILOWUX Y]GXFKX 1m]Ng KODGLQD Y NOLNRYk VNømQL 'ROLMWH GR NOLNRYk VNømQ ROHM &KODGLFm ©HEUD D Y]GXFKRYk FHVW\ SRG VNømQm Y¬WOD÷QkKR Y WUgNX PRWRUX MVRX ]DQHVHQk 2GVWUDéWH ] FKODGLFmFK ©HEHU D Y]GXFKRY¬FK
2GVWUDéRYgQm ]gYDG =9$'$ 6WURM VH QHSRK\EXMH 1HURYQRP UQg Y¬§ND VHNgQm 02¨1d 3÷ö,1< 135$9$ 7UDN÷Qm øHPHQ MH RSRWøHERYDQ¬ XYROQ Q¬ QHER SUDVNO¬ 2EUD WH VH QD DXWRUL]RYDQ¬ VHUYLV 7UDN÷Qm øHPHQ MH PLPR øHPHQLFL 2EUD WH VH QD DXWRUL]RYDQ¬ VHUYLV 3øHYRGRYk rVWURMm QHO]H SøHøDGLW QD MLQ¬ VWXSHé 2EUD WH VH QD DXWRUL]RYDQ¬ VHUYLV 1HVSUgYQk QDKX§W Qm SQHXPDWLN 8SUDYWH WODN Y SQHXPDWLNgFK 6HND÷ND QHQm Y\URYQDQg 9\URYQHMWH VHND÷NX GR VWUDQ L ]SøHGX G
