SDS
diethyl carbonate
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Not Available
Eye: no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
[1]
Skin: no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
[1]
ethyl propionate
TOXICITY IRRITATION
dermal (rat) LD50: >2000 mg/kg
[1]
Eye: adverse effect observed (irritating)
[1]
Oral (rat) LD50: >5000 mg/kg
[1]
Skin (rabbit):500 mg/24h-moderate
Skin: adverse effect observed (irritating)
[1]
copper
TOXICITY IRRITATION
dermal (rat) LD50: >2000 mg/kg
[1]
Eye: no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
[1]
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 0.733 mg/l4 h
[1]
Skin: no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
[1]
Oral (rat) LD50: 300-500 mg/kg
[1]
aluminium
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (rat) LD50: >2000 mg/kg
[1]
Eye: no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
[1]
Skin: no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
[1]
vinylidene fluoride
homopolymer
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Not Available Not Available
steel
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Not Available Not Available
nickel
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (rat) LD50: 5000 mg/kg
[2]
Eye: no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
[1]
Skin: no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
[1]
Legend:
1. Value obtained from Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Acute toxicity 2.* Value obtained from manufacturer's SDS. Unless otherwise specified
data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effect of chemical Substances
ETHYLENE CARBONATE
The material may produce severe irritation to the eye causing pronounced inflammation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce
conjunctivitis.
The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce a contact dermatitis (nonallergic). This form of dermatitis is
often characterised by skin redness (erythema) and swelling epidermis. Histologically there may be intercellular oedema of the spongy layer (spongiosis)
and intracellular oedema of the epidermis.
for ethylene carbonate
Mammalian toxicity: Reliable acute toxicity tests are available on ethylene carbonate. Ethylene carbonate is practically nontoxic following acute oral
exposure in a test that meets OECD and EPA test guidelines; the LD50 is >5000 mg/kg. The dermal LD50 is >2000 mg/kg, in a test that meets OECD and
EPA test guidelines.
Ethylene carbonate is rapidly metabolized to ethylene glycol. Following gavage administration to rats, ethylene carbonate is rapidly converted into ethylene
glycol; the half-life for disappearance of ethylene carbonate from blood was 0.25 hours. As a result, the mammalian toxicity of ethylene carbonate is nearly
identical to that of ethylene glycol for endpoints where both have been tested
Ethylene carbonate was mixed in the diet of 26 male and 26 female Crl: CD(SD) rats for 18 months at concentrations of 25,000 ppm for males and females
and 50,000 ppm for females; males were also fed 50,000 ppm for 42 weeks, and 40,000 ppm for 16 weeks. Survivors were observed to 24 months. Compound
intake (mg/kg/day) was not reported, but is estimated to be approximately 250 and 500 mg/kg/day. No toxic effects were found in females, but increased
mortality was seen in males at both dose levels. No high-dose males survived week 60 and only 10 low-dose males survived to week 78. Males had severe
nephrotoxicity, characteristic of ethylene glycol toxicity.
The following in vitro genotoxicity tests were conducted on ethylene carbonate, without indications of genotoxicity: an Ames mutagenicity assay, an
unscheduled DNA synthesis assay using rat hepatocytes, and a cell transformation assay using BALB/3T3 cells. No in vivo genotoxicity studies on
ethylene carbonate were found; however, ethylene glycol has been tested and was negative in a rat dominant lethal assay.
Gavage administration of ethylene carbonate to pregnant rats days 6-15 of gestation resulted in systemic toxicity at doses of 3000 mg/kg/day, including
post-dose salivation. The NOAEL for maternal toxicity was 1500 mg/kg/day. Similar to ethylene glycol, there were increased soft tissue (hydrocephalus,
umbilical herniation, gastroschisis, cleft palate, misshapen and compressed stomach) and skeletal malformations at 3000 mg/kg/day, but not at 1500
mg/kg/day.
For ethylene glycol:
Ethylene glycol is quickly and extensively absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Limited information suggests that it is also absorbed through the
respiratory tract; dermal absorption is apparently slow. Following absorption, ethylene glycol is distributed throughout the body according to total body
water. In most mammalian species, including humans, ethylene glycol is initially metabolised by alcohol.
dehydrogenase to form glycolaldehyde, which is rapidly converted to glycolic acid and glyoxal by aldehyde oxidase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. These
metabolites are oxidised to glyoxylate; glyoxylate may be further metabolised to formic acid, oxalic acid, and glycine. Breakdown of both glycine and formic
acid can generate CO2, which is one of the major elimination products of ethylene glycol. In addition to exhaled CO2, ethylene glycol is eliminated in the
urine as both the parent compound and glycolic acid. Elimination of ethylene glycol from the plasma in both humans and laboratory animals is rapid after
oral exposure; elimination half-lives are in the range of 1-4 hours in most species tested.
Respiratory Effects. Respiratory system involvement occurs 12-24 hours after ingestion of sufficient amounts of ethylene glycol and is considered to be
part of a second stage in ethylene glycol poisoning The symptoms include hyperventilation, shallow rapid breathing, and generalized pulmonary edema with
calcium oxalate crystals occasionally present in the lung parenchyma. Respiratory system involvement appears to be dose-dependent and occurs
concomitantly with cardiovascular changes. Pulmonary infiltrates and other changes compatible with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may
characterise the second stage of ethylene glycol poisoning Pulmonary oedema can be secondary to cardiac failure, ARDS, or aspiration of gastric
contents. Symptoms related to acidosis such as hyperpnea and tachypnea are frequently observed; however, major respiratory morbidities such as
pulmonary edema and bronchopneumonia are relatively rare and usually only observed with extreme poisoning (e.g., in only 5 of 36 severely poisoned
Chemwatch: 5351-42
Version No: 2.1.1.1
Page 7 of 15
Toro Flex Force Lithium Ion Battery (UN3480)
Issue Date: 07/05/2019
Print Date: 08/05/2019
Continued...