TL-SG2424P 24-Port Gigabit Smart PoE Switch with 4 Combo SFP Slots REV1.0.
COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKS Specifications are subject to change without notice. is a registered trademark of TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Other brands and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. No part of the specifications may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative such as translation, transformation, or adaptation without permission from TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Copyright © 2013 TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Safety Information When product has power button, the power button is one of the way to shut off the product; When there is no power button, the only way to completely shut off power is to disconnect the product or the power adapter from the power source. Don’t disassemble the product, or make repairs yourself. You run the risk of electric shock and voiding the limited warranty. If you need service, please contact us. Avoid water and wet locations.
CONTENTS Package Contents ..........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 About this Guide...........................................................................................................2 1.1 Intended Readers .........................................................................................................2 1.2 Conventions.................................................................................
.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.1.1 Port Config .......................................................................................................29 5.1.2 Port Mirror ........................................................................................................30 5.1.3 Port Security ....................................................................................................32 5.1.4 Port Isolation ............................................................................................
Chapter 8 Multicast.....................................................................................................................83 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 IGMP Snooping ..........................................................................................................85 8.1.1 Snooping Config ..............................................................................................86 8.1.2 Port Config ..........................................................................................
11.1.1 Global Config .................................................................................................124 11.1.2 SNMP View ....................................................................................................125 11.1.3 SNMP Group..................................................................................................126 11.1.4 SNMP User ....................................................................................................127 11.1.
13.4.2 Tracert............................................................................................................160 Appendix A: Specifications .........................................................................................................162 Appendix B: Configuring the PCs ...............................................................................................163 Appendix C: Glossary.................................................................................................
Package Contents The following items should be found in your box: One 24-Port Gigabit Smart PoE Switch with 4 Combo SFP Slots One power cord Two mounting brackets and other fittings Installation Guide Resource CD for TL-SG2424P switch, including: This User Guide Other Helpful Information Note: Make sure that the package contains the above items. If any of the listed items are damaged or missing, please contact your distributor.
Chapter 1 About this Guide This User Guide contains information for setup and management of TL-SG2424P 24-Port Gigabit Smart PoE Switch with 4 Combo SFP Slots. Please read this guide carefully before operation. 1.1 Intended Readers This Guide is intended for network managers familiar with IT concepts and network terminologies. 1.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 4 System This module is used to configure system properties of the switch. Here mainly introduces: System Info: Configure the description, system time and network parameters of the switch. User Management: Configure the user name and password for users to log on to the Web management page with a certain access level. System Tools: Manage the configuration file of the switch.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 9 QoS This module is used to configure QoS function to provide different quality of service for various network applications and requirements. Here mainly introduces: DiffServ: Configure priorities, port priority, 802.1P priority and DSCP priority. Bandwidth Control: Configure rate limit feature to control the traffic rate on each port; configure storm control feature to filter broadcast, multicast and UL frame in the network.
Chapter 2 Introduction Thanks for choosing the TL-SG2424P 24-Port Gigabit Smart PoE Switch with 4 Combo SFP Slots! 2.1 Overview of the Switch Designed for workgroups and departments, TL-SG2424P from TP-LINK provides wire-speed performance and abundant layer 2 management features. It provides a variety of service features and multiple powerful functions with high security. The EIA-standardized framework and smart configuration capacity can provide flexible solutions for a variable scale of networks.
2.3 Appearance Description 2.3.1 Front Panel Figure 2-1 Front Panel The following parts are located on the front panel of the switch: Reset: Press this button for 5 seconds or above to reset the software settings back to the factory defaults. 10/100/1000Mbps RJ45 Ports: Designed to connect to the device with a bandwidth of 10Mbps, 100Mbps or 1000Mbps. Each has a corresponding 1000Mbps LED. SFP Ports: Designed to install the SFP module.
When the PoE LED is on, the port LED is indicating the power supply status. LED Power System PoE Max Status Indication On The switch is powered on. Off The switch is powered off or power supply is abnormal. Flashing Power supply is abnormal. Flashing The switch works properly. On/Off The switch works improperly. On The remaining PoE power≤7W. Flashing The remaining PoE power keeps ≤7W after this LED is on for 2 minutes. Off The remaining PoE power≥7W.
Chapter 3 Login to the Switch 3.1 Login 1) To access the configuration utility, open a web-browser and type in the default address http://192.168.0.1 in the address field of the browser, then press the Enter key. Figure 3-1 Web-browser Tips: To log in to the switch, the IP address of your PC should be set in the same subnet addresses of the switch. The IP address is 192.168.0.x ("x" is any number from 2 to 254), Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0.
Figure 3-3 Main Setup-Menu Note: Clicking Apply can only make the new configurations effective before the switch is rebooted. If you want to keep the configurations effective even the switch is rebooted, please click Save Config. You are suggested to click Save Config before cutting off the power or rebooting the switch to avoid losing the new configurations.
Chapter 4 System The System module is mainly for system configuration of the switch, including four submenus: System Info, User Management, System Tools and Access Security. 4.1 System Info The System Info, mainly for basic properties configuration, can be implemented on System Summary, Device Description, System Time, Daylight Saving Time and System IP pages. 4.1.1 System Summary On this page you can view the port connection status and the system information.
Indicates the SFP port is not connected to a device. Indicates the SFP port is at the speed of 1000Mbps. Indicates the SFP port is at the speed of 100Mbps. When the cursor moves on the port, the detailed information of the port will be displayed. Figure 4-2 Port Information Port Info Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Type: Displays the type of the port. Speed: Displays the maximum transmission rate of the port. Status: Displays the connection status of the port.
Bandwidth Utilization Rx: Select Rx to display the bandwidth utilization of receiving packets on this port. Tx: Select Tx to display the bandwidth utilization of sending packets on this port. 4.1.2 Device Description On this page you can configure the description of the switch, including device name, device location and system contact. Choose the menu System→System Info→Device Description to load the following page.
Figure 4-5 System Time The following entries are displayed on this screen: Time Info Current System Date: Displays the current date and time of the switch. Current Time Source: Displays the current time source of the switch. Time Config Manual: When this option is selected, you can set the date and time manually. Get Time from NTP Server: When this option is selected, you can configure the time zone and the IP Address for the NTP server.
Choose the menu System→System Info→Daylight Saving Time to load the following page. Figure 4-6 Daylight Saving Time The following entries are displayed on this screen: DST Config DST Status: Enable or disable the DST. Predefined Mode: Select a predefined DST configuration. Recurring Mode: Specify the DST configuration configuration is recurring in use. Date Mode: USA: First Sunday in April, 02:00 ~ Last Sunday in October, 02:00.
Note: 1. When the DST is disabled, the predefined mode, recurring mode and date mode cannot be configured. 2. When the DST is enabled, the default daylight saving time is of Europe in predefined mode. 4.1.5 System IP Each device in the network possesses a unique IP Address. You can log on to the Web management page to operate the switch using this IP Address. The switch supports three modes to obtain an IP address: Static IP, DHCP and BOOTP.
Subnet Mask: Enter the subnet mask of the switch. Default Gateway: Enter the default gateway of the switch. Note: 1. Changing the IP address to a different IP segment will interrupt the network communication, so please keep the new IP address in the same IP segment with the local network. 2. The switch only possesses an IP address. The IP address configured will replace the original IP address. 3.
Figure 4-9 User Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: User Info User Name: Create a name for users’ login. Access Level: Select the access level to login. Admin: Admin can edit, modify and view all the settings of different functions. Guest: Guest only can view the settings without the right to edit and modify. User Status: Select Enable/Disable the user configuration. Password: Type a password for users’ login. Confirm Password: Retype the password.
4.3 System Tools The System Tools function, allowing you to manage the configuration file of the switch, can be implemented on Config Restore, Config Backup, Firmware Upgrade, System Reboot and System Reset pages. 4.3.1 Config Restore On this page you can upload a backup configuration file to restore your switch to this previous configuration. Choose the menu System→System Tools→Config Restore to load the following page.
Figure 4-11 Config Backup The following entries are displayed on this screen: Config Backup Backup Config: Click the Backup Config button to save the current configuration as a file to your computer. You are suggested to take this measure before upgrading. Note: It will take a few minutes to backup the configuration. Please wait without any operation. 4.3.3 Firmware Upgrade The switch system can be upgraded via the Web management page.
Note: 1. Don’t interrupt the upgrade. 2. Please select the proper software version matching with your hardware to upgrade. 3. To avoid damage, please don't turn off the device while upgrading. 4. After upgrading, the device will reboot automatically. 5. You are suggested to backup the configuration before upgrading. 4.3.4 System Reboot On this page you can reboot the switch and return to the login page.
4.4.1 Access Control On this page you can control the users logging on to the Web management page to enhance the configuration management security. The definitions of Admin and Guest refer to 4.2 User Management. Choose the menu System→Access Security→Access Control to load the following page. Figure 4-15 Access Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: Access Control Config Control Mode: Select the control mode for users to log on to the Web management page.
Port: Session Config Session Timeout: The field can be available for configuration only when Port-based mode is selected. Only the users connected to these ports you set here are allowed for login. If you do nothing with the Web management page within the timeout time, the system will log out automatically. If you want to reconfigure, please login again. Access User Number Number Control: Select Enable/Disable the Number Control function.
Figure 4-16 SSL Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config SSL: Certificate Download Certificate File: Select Enable/Disable the SSL function on the switch. Select the desired certificate to download to the switch. The certificate must be BASE64 encoded. Key Download Key File: Select the desired SSL Key to download to the switch. The key must be BASE64 encoded. Note: 1.
Comprising server and client, SSH has two versions, V1 and V2 which are not compatible with each other. In the communication, SSH server and client can auto-negotiate the SSH version and the encryption algorithm. After getting a successful negotiation, the client sends authentication request to the server for login, and then the two can communicate with each other after successful authentication. This switch supports SSH server and you can log on to the switch via SSH connection using SSH client software.
Key File: Select the desired key file to download. Download: Click the Download button to download the desired key file to the switch. Note: 1. Please ensure the key length of the downloaded file is in the range of 256 to 3072 bits. 2. After the Key File is downloaded, the user’s original key of the same type will be replaced. The wrong uploaded file will result in the SSH access to the switch via Password authentication. Application Example 1 for SSH: Network Requirements 1.
Application Example 2 for SSH: Network Requirements 1. Log on to the switch via password authentication using SSH and the SSH function is enabled on the switch. 2. PuTTY client software is recommended. Configuration Procedure 1. Select the key type and key length, and generate SSH key. Note: 1. The key length is in the range of 256 to 3072 bits. 2. During the key generation, randomly moving the mouse quickly can accelerate the key generation. 2.
3. On the Web management page of the switch, download the public key file saved in the computer to the switch. Note: 1. 1. The key type should accord with the type of the key file. 2. 2. The SSH key downloading cannot be interrupted. 4. Download the private key file to SSH client software.
5. After the public key and private key are downloaded, please log on to the interface of PuTTY and enter the IP address for login. After successful authentication, please enter the login user name. If you log on to the switch without entering password, it indicates that the key has been successfully downloaded.
Chapter 5 Switching Switching module is used to configure the basic functions of the switch, including four submenus: Port, LAG, Traffic Monitor and MAC Address. 5.1 Port The Port function, allowing you to configure the basic features for the port, is implemented on the Port Config, Port Mirror, Port Security, Port Isolation and Loopback Detection pages. 5.1.1 Port Config On this page, you can configure the basic parameters for the ports.
Description: Give a description to the port for identification. Status: Allows you to Enable/Disable the port. When Enable is selected, the port can forward the packets normally. Speed and Duplex: Select the Speed and Duplex mode for the port. The device connected to the switch should be in the same Speed and Duplex mode with the switch. When “Auto” is selected, the Speed and Duplex mode will be determined by auto-negotiation. For the SFP port, this switch does not support auto-negotiation.
Mirroring: Displays the mirroring port number. Mode: Displays the mirror mode, the value can be "Ingress" or "Egress". Mirrored Port: Displays the mirrored ports. Operation: Click Edit to configure the mirror group. Click Edit to display the following figure. Figure 5-3 Mirroring Port The following entries are displayed on this screen: Mirror Group Number: Mirroring Port Mirroring Port: Select the mirror group number you want to configure. Select the mirroring port number.
Select: Select the desired port as a mirrored port. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Ingress: Select Enable/Disable the Ingress feature. When the Ingress is enabled, the incoming packets received by the mirrored port will be copied to the mirroring port. Egress: Select Enable/Disable the Egress feature. When the Egress is enabled, the outgoing packets sent by the mirrored port will be copied to the mirroring port. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to.
Figure 5-4 Port Security The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Security Select: Select the desired port for Port Security configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Max Learned MAC: Specify the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned on the port. Learned Num: Displays the number of MAC addresses that have been learned on the port. Learn Mode: Select the Learn Mode for the port.
Note: The Port Security function is disabled for the LAG port member. Only the port is removed from the LAG, will the Port Security function be available for the port. 5.1.4 Port Isolation Port Isolation provides a method of restricting traffic flow to improve the network security by forbidding the port to forward packets to the ports that are not on its forward portlist. Choose the menu Switching→Port→Port Isolation to load the following page.
Port Isolation List Port: Display the port number. Forward Portlist: Display the forwardlist. 5.1.5 Loopback Detection With loopback detection feature enabled, the switch can detect loops using loopback detection packets. When a loop is detected, the switch will display an alert or further block the corresponding port according to the port configuration. Choose the menu Switching→Port→LoopbackDetection to load the following page.
Detection Interval: Set a Loopback Detection interval between 1 and 1000 seconds. By default, it’s 30 seconds. Automatic Recovery Time : Time after which the blocked port would automatically recover to normal status. It can be set as integral times of detection interval. Web Refresh Status: Here you can enable or disable web automatic refresh. Web Refresh Interval: Set a web refresh interval between 3 and 100 seconds. By default, it’s 3 seconds.
If the ports, which are enabled for the 802.1Q VLAN, Voice VLAN, STP, QoS and Port Configuration (Speed and Duplex, Flow Control), are in a LAG, their configurations should be the same. The ports, which are enabled for the Port Security, Port Mirror, MAC Address Filtering and Static MAC Address Binding, cannot be added to the LAG. If the LAG is needed, you are suggested to configure the LAG function here before configuring the other functions for the member ports. Tips: 1.
SRC IP + DST IP: When this option is selected, the Aggregate Arithmetic will apply to the source and destination IP addresses of the packets. LAG Table Select: Select the desired LAG. It is multi-optional. Group Number: Displays the LAG number here. Description: Displays the description of LAG. Member: Displays the LAG member. Operation: Allows you to view or modify the information for each LAG. Edit: Click to modify the settings of the LAG.
Figure 5-8 Manually Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: LAG Config Group Number: Select a Group Number for the LAG. Description: Displays the description of LAG. LAG Table Member Port: Select the port as the LAG member. Clearing all the ports of the LAG will delete this LAG. Tips: 1. The LAG can be deleted by clearing its all member ports. 2. A port can only be added to a LAG.
aggregation group. In an aggregation group, the port with smaller port priority will be considered as the preferred one. If the two port priorities are equal, the port with smaller port number is preferred. After an aggregation group is established, the selected ports can be aggregated together as one port to transmit packets. On this page, you can configure the LACP feature of the switch. Choose the menu Switching→LAG→LACP Config to load the following page.
Port: Displays the port number. Admin Key: Specify an Admin Key for the port. The member ports in a dynamic aggregation group must have the same Admin Key. Port Priority: Specify a Port Priority for the port. This value determines the priority of the port to be selected as the dynamic aggregation group member. The port with smaller Port Priority will be considered as the preferred one. If the two port priorities are equal; the port with smaller port number is preferred.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Allows you to Enable/Disable refreshing the Traffic Summary automatically. Refresh Rate: Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval. Traffic Summary Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Port: Displays the port number. Packets Rx: Displays the number of packets received on the port. The error packets are not counted in.
Figure 5-11 Traffic Statistics The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Allows you to Enable/Disable refreshing the Traffic Summary automatically. Refresh Rate: Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval. Statistics Port: Enter a port number and click the Select button to view the traffic statistics of the corresponding port. Received: Displays the details of the packets received on the port.
(Alignment Error). The length of the packet is between 64 bytes and 1518 bytes. UndersizePkts: Displays the number of the received packets (excluding error packets) that are less than 64 bytes long. Pkts64Octets: Displays the number of the received packets (including error packets) that are 64 bytes long. Pkts65to127Octets: Displays the number of the received packets (including error packets) that are between 65 and 127 bytes long.
This function includes four submenus: Address Table, Static Address, Dynamic Address and Filtering Address. 5.4.1 Address Table On this page, you can view all the information of the Address Table. Choose the menu Switching→MAC Address→Address Table to load the following page. Figure 5-12 Address Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: Search Option MAC Address: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of your desired entry.
Aging Status: Displays the Aging status of the MAC address. 5.4.2 Static Address The static address table maintains the static address entries which can be added or removed manually, independent of the aging time. In the stable networks, the static MAC address entries can facilitate the switch to reduce broadcast packets and remarkably enhance the efficiency of packets forwarding without learning the address.
Static Address Table Select: Select the entry to delete or modify the corresponding port number. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the static MAC Address. VLAN ID: Displays the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Port: Displays the corresponding Port number of the MAC address. Here you can modify the port number to which the MAC address is bound. The new port should be in the same VLAN. Type: Displays the Type of the MAC address.
Figure 5-14 Dynamic Address The following entries are displayed on this screen: Aging Config Auto Aging: Allows you to Enable/Disable the Auto Aging feature. Aging Time: Enter the Aging Time for the dynamic address. Search Option Search Option: Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Dynamic Address Table. MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry.
Bind: Click the Bind button to bind the MAC address of your selected entry to the corresponding port statically. Tips: Setting aging time properly helps implement effective MAC address aging. The aging time that is too long or too short results decreases the performance of the switch. If the aging time is too long, excessive invalid MAC address entries maintained by the switch may fill up the MAC address table. This prevents the MAC address table from updating with network changes in time.
Search Option Search Option: Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Filtering Address Table. MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry. Filtering Address Table Select: Select the entry to delete the corresponding filtering address. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the filtering MAC Address. VLAN ID: Displays the corresponding VLAN ID.
Figure 5-16 Network diagram of DHCP For different DHCP clients, DHCP server provides three IP address assigning methods: (1) (2) (3) Manually assign the IP address: Allows the administrator to bind the static IP address to a specific client (e.g.: WWW Server) via the DHCP server. Automatically assign the IP address: DHCP server assigns the IP address without an expiry time limitation to the clients. Dynamically assign the IP address: DHCP server assigns the IP address with an expiry time.
packet and broadcast the DHCP-REQUEST packet which includes the assigned IP address of the DHCP-OFFER packet. （4） DHCP-ACK Stage: Since the DHCP-REQUEST packet is broadcasted, all DHCP servers on the network segment can receive it. However, only the requested server processes the request. If the DHCP server acknowledges assigning this IP address to the client, it will send the DHCP-ACK packet back to the client.
Figure 5-19 DHCP Filtering The following entries are displayed on this screen: DHCP Filtering DHCP Filtering: Enable/Disable the DHCP Filtering function globally. Trusted Port Here you can select the desired port(s) to be Trusted Port(s). Only the Trusted Port(s) can receive DHCP packets from DHCP Servers. Click All button to select all ports. Click Clear button to select none.
Chapter 6 VLAN The traditional Ethernet is a data network communication technology based on CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect) via shared communication medium. Through the traditional Ethernet, the overfull hosts in LAN will result in serious collision, flooding broadcasts, poor performance or even breakdown of the Internet.
with 802.1Q VLAN. If a packet is matched, the switch will add a corresponding VLAN tag to it and forward it in the corresponding VLAN. 6.1 802.1Q VLAN VLAN tags in the packets are necessary for the switch to identify packets of different VLANs. The switch works at the data link layer in OSI model and it can identify the data link layer encapsulation of the packet only, so you can add the VLAN tag field into the data link layer encapsulation for identification. In 1999, IEEE issues the IEEE 802.
can receive and forward the packets of multiple VLANs. When the packets are forwarded by the TRUNK port, its VLAN tag will not be changed. （3） GENERAL: The GENERAL port can be added in multiple VLANs and set various egress rules according to the different VLANs. The default egress rule is UNTAG. The PVID can be set as the VID number of any VLAN the port belongs to. PVID PVID (Port Vlan ID) is the default VID of the port.
6.1.1 VLAN Config On this page, you can view the current created 802.1Q VLAN. Choose the menu VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config to load the following page. Figure 6-3 VLAN Table To ensure the normal communication of the factory switch, the default VLAN of all ports is set to VLAN1. VLAN1 cannot be deleted. The following entries are displayed on this screen: VLAN Table VLAN ID Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the VLAN ID number you entered.
Figure 6-4 Create or Modify 802.1Q VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of VLAN. Description: Give a description to the VLAN for identification. Check: Click the Check button to check whether the VLAN ID you entered is valid or not. VLAN Members Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port to be a member of VLAN or leave it blank.
Egress Rule: Select the Egress Rule for the VLAN port member. The default egress rule is UNTAG. TAG: All packets forwarded by the port are tagged. The packets contain VLAN information. UNTAG: Packets forwarded by the port are untagged. LAG: Displays the LAG to which the port belongs. 6.1.2 Port Config Before creating the 802.1Q VLAN, please acquaint yourself with all the devices connected to the switch in order to configure the ports properly. Choose the menu VLAN→802.
Link Type: Select the Link Type from the pull-down list for the port. ACCESS: The ACCESS port can be added in a single VLAN, and the egress rule of the port is UNTAG. The PVID is same as the current VLAN ID. If the current VLAN is deleted, the PVID will be set to 1 by default. TRUNK: The TRUNK port can be added in multiple VLANs, and the egress rule of the port is TAG. The PVID can be set as the VID number of any VLAN the port belongs to.
Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Set the link type for port. Required. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, set the link type for the port based on its connected device. 2 Create VLAN. Required. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, click the Create button to create a VLAN. Enter the VLAN ID and the description for the VLAN. Meanwhile, specify its member ports. 3 Modify/View VLAN. Optional. On the VLAN→802.
Configuration Procedure Configure switch A Step Operation Description 1 Configure the Link Type of the ports Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 2, Port 3 and Port 4 as ACCESS, TRUNK and ACCESS respectively 2 Create VLAN10 Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLAN ID as 10, owning Port 2 and Port 3. 3 Create VLAN20 Required. On VLAN→802.
Chapter 7 Spanning Tree STP (Spanning Tree Protocol), subject to IEEE 802.1D standard, is to disbranch a ring network in the Data Link layer in a local network. Devices running STP discover loops in the network and block ports by exchanging information, in that way, a ring network can be disbranched to form a tree-topological ring-free network to prevent packets from being duplicated and forwarded endlessly in the network. BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) is the protocol data that STP and RSTP use.
Port: Port 3 is the root port of switch B and port 5 is the root port of switch C; port 1 is the designated port of switch A and port 4 is the designated port of switch B; port 6 is the blocked port of switch C. Figure 7-1 Basic STP diagram STP Timers Hello Time: Hello Time ranges from 1 to 10 seconds. It specifies the interval to send BPDU packets. It is used to test the links. Max. Age: Max. Age ranges from 6 to 40 seconds.
STP Generation In the beginning In the beginning, each switch regards itself as the root, and generates a configuration BPDU for each port on it as a root, with the root path cost being 0, the ID of the designated bridge being that of the switch, and the designated port being itself. Comparing BPDUs Each switch sends out configuration BPDUs and receives a configuration BPDU on one of its ports from another switch. The following table shows the comparing operations.
RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol), evolved from the 802.1D STP standard, enable Ethernet ports to transit their states rapidly. The premises for the port in the RSTP to transit its state rapidly are as follows. The condition for the root port to transit its port state rapidly: The old root port of the switch stops forwarding data and the designated port of the upstream switch begins to forward data.
Figure 7-2 Basic MSTP diagram MSTP MSTP divides a network into several MST regions. The CST is generated between these MST regions, and multiple spanning trees can be generated in each MST region. Each spanning tree is called an instance. As well as STP, MSTP uses BPDUs to generate spanning tree. The only difference is that the BPDU for MSTP carries the MSTP configuration information on the switches.
Figure 7-3 Port roles The Spanning Tree module is mainly for spanning tree configuration of the switch, including four submenus: STP Config, Port Config, MSTP Instance and STP Security. 7.1 STP Config The STP Config function, for global configuration of spanning trees on the switch, can be implemented on STP Config and STP Summary pages. 7.1.1 STP Config Before configuring spanning trees, you should make clear the roles each switch plays in each spanning tree instance.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config STP: Select Enable/Disable STP function globally on the switch. Version: Select the desired STP version on the switch. STP: Spanning Tree Protocol. RSTP: Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol. MSTP: Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol. Parameters Config CIST Priority: Enter a value from 0 to 61440 to specify the priority of the switch for comparison in the CIST. CIST priority is an important criterion on determining the root bridge.
4. If the TxHold Count parameter is too large, the number of MSTP packets being sent in each hello time may be increased with occupying too much network resources. The default value is recommended. 7.1.2 STP Summary On this page you can view the related parameters for Spanning Tree function. Choose the menu Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Summary to load the following page. Figure 7-5 STP Summary 7.
Figure 7-6 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for STP configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Status: Select Enable /Disable STP function for the desired port. Priority: Enter a value from 0 to 240 divisible by 16.
Port Role: Displays the role of the port played in the STP Instance. Port Status: Displays the working status of the port. LAG: Root Port: Indicates the port that has the lowest path cost from this bridge to the Root Bridge and forwards packets to the root. Designated Port: Indicates the port that forwards packets to a downstream network segment or switch. Master Port: Indicates the port that connects a MST region to the common root.
Figure 7-7 Region Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Region Config Region Name: Create a name for MST region identification using up to 32 characters. Revision: Enter the revision from 0 to 65535 for MST region identification. 7.3.2 Instance Config Instance Configuration, a property of MST region, is used to describe the VLAN to Instance mapping configuration. You can assign VLAN to different instances appropriate to your needs.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Instance Table Instance ID Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding Instance ID based on the ID number you entered. Select: Select the desired Instance ID for configuration. It is multi-optional. Instance: Displays Instance ID of the switch. Status: Select Enable/Disable the instance. Priority: Enter the priority of the switch in the instance.
Figure 7-9 Instance Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Config Instance ID: Select the desired instance ID for its port configuration. Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port to specify its priority and path cost. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Priority: Enter the priority of the port in the instance.
Note: The port status of one port in different spanning tree instances can be different. Global configuration Procedure for Spanning Tree function: Step Operation Description 1 Make clear roles the switches play in spanning tree instances: root bridge or designated bridge Preparation. 2 Globally configure parameters MSTP Required. Enable Spanning Tree function on the switch and configure MSTP parameters on Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page. 3 Configure MSTP parameters for ports Required.
Root Protect A CIST and its secondary root bridges are usually located in the high-bandwidth core region. Wrong configuration or malicious attacks may result in configuration BPDU packets with higher priorities being received by the legal root bridge, which causes the current legal root bridge to lose its position and network topology jitter to occur. In this case, flows that should travel along high-speed links may lead to low-speed links, and network congestion may occur.
Figure 7-10 Port Protect The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Protect Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for port protect configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Loop Protect: Loop Protect is to prevent the loops in the network brought by recalculating STP because of link failures and network congestions.
7.4.2 TC Protect When TC Protect is enabled for the port on Port Protect page, the TC threshold and TC protect cycle need to be configured on this page. Choose the menu Spanning Tree→STP Security→TC Protect to load the following page. Figure 7-11 TC Protect The following entries are displayed on this screen: TC Protect TC Threshold: Enter a number from 1 to 100. It is the maximum number of the TC-BPDUs received by the switch in a TC Protect Cycle. The default value is 20.
Configuration Procedure Configure switch A: Step Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as Trunk, and add the ports to VLAN101-VLAN106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.1Q VLAN. 2 Enable STP function On Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page, enable STP function and select MSTP version. On Spanning Tree→STP Config→Port Config page, enable MSTP function for the port.
Configure switch C: Step Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as Trunk, and add the ports to VLAN101-VLAN106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.1Q VLAN. 2 Enable STP function On Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page, enable STP function and select MSTP version. On Spanning Tree→STP Config→Port Config page, enable MSTP function for the port.
links; the gray paths are the blocked links. For Instance 2 (VLAN102, 104 and 106), the blue paths in the following figure are connected links; the gray paths are the blocked links. Suggestion for Configuration Enable TC Protect function for all the ports of switches. Enable Root Protect function for all the ports of root bridges. Enable Loop Protect function for the non-edge ports.
Chapter 8 Multicast Multicast Overview In the network, packets are sent in three modes: unicast, broadcast and multicast. In unicast, the source server sends separate copy information to each receiver. When a large number of users require this information, the server must send many pieces of information with the same content to the users. Therefore, large bandwidth will be occupied. In broadcast, the system transmits information to all users in a network.
Multicast Address 1. Multicast IP Address: As specified by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), Class D IP addresses are used as destination addresses of multicast packets. The multicast IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255. The following table displays the range and description of several special multicast IP addresses. Multicast IP address range Description 224.0.0.0～224.0.0.255 Reserved multicast addresses for routing protocols and other network protocols 224.0.1.0～224.0.1.
IGMP Snooping In the network, the hosts apply to the near Router for joining (leaving) a multicast group by sending IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) messages. When the up-stream device forwards down the multicast data, the switch is responsible for sending them to the hosts. IGMP Snooping is a multicast control mechanism, which can be used on the switch for dynamic registration of the multicast group.
3. IGMP Leave Message The host, running IGMPv1, does not send IGMP leave message when leaving a multicast group, as a result, the switch cannot get the leave information of the host momentarily. However, after leaving the multicast group, the host does not send IGMP report message any more, so the switch will remove the port from the corresponding multicast address table when its member port time times out.
Figure 8-4 Basic Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config IGMP Snooping: Select Enable/Disable IGMP Snooping function globally on the switch. Unknown Multicast: Select the operation for the switch to process unknown multicast, Forward or Discard. IGMP Snooping Status Description: Displays IGMP Snooping status. Member: Displays the member of the corresponding status. 8.1.2 Port Config On this page you can configure the IGMP feature for ports of the switch.
Figure 8-5 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for IGMP Snooping feature configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port of the switch. IGMP Snooping: Select Enable/Disable IGMP Snooping for the desired port. Fast Leave: Select Enable/Disable Fast Leave feature for the desired port.
Figure 8-6 VLAN Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID to enable IGMP Snooping for the desired VLAN. Router Port Time: Specify the aging time of the router port. Within this time, if the switch doesn’t receive IGMP query message from the router port, it will consider this port is not a router port any more. Member Port Time: Specify the aging time of the member port.
Note: The settings here will be invalid when multicast VLAN is enabled Configuration procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Enable IGMP function Snooping Required. Enable IGMP Snooping globally on the switch and for the port on Multicast→IGMP Snooping→Snooping Config and Port Config page. 2 Configure the multicast parameters for VLANs Optional. Configure the multicast parameters for VLANs on Multicast→IGMP Snooping→VLAN Config page.
Multicast VLAN Multicast VLAN: Select Enable/Disable Multicast VLAN feature. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of the multicast VLAN. Router Port Time: Specify the aging time of the router port. Within this time, if the switch doesn’t receive IGMP query message from the router port, it will consider this port is not a router port any more. Member Port Time: Specify the aging time of the member port.
4 Look over the configuration If it is successfully configured, the VLAN ID of the multicast VLAN will be displayed in the IGMP Snooping Status table on the Multicast→IGMP Snooping→ Snooping Config page. Application Example for Multicast VLAN: Network Requirements Multicast source sends multicast streams via the router, and the streams are transmitted to user A and user B through the switch. Router: Its WAN port is connected to the multicast source; its LAN port is connected to the switch.
2 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN function pages. For port 3, configure its link type as GENERAL and its egress rule as TAG, and add it to VLAN3, VLAN4 and VLAN5. For port 4, configure its link type as GENERAL and its egress rule as UNTAG, and add it to VLAN3 and VLAN 4. For port 5, configure its link type as GENERAL and its egress rule as UNTAG, and add it to VLAN3 and VLAN 5. 3 Enable IGMP Snooping function Enable IGMP Snooping function globally on Multicast→IGMP Snooping→Snooping Config page.
VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID the desired entry must carry. Port: Select the port number the desired entry must carry. Type: Select the type the desired entry must carry. All: Displays all multicast IP entries. Static: Displays all static multicast IP entries. Dynamic: Displays all dynamic multicast IP entries. Multicast IP Table Multicast IP: Displays multicast IP address. VLAN ID: Displays the VLAN ID of the multicast group. Forward Port: Displays the forward port of the multicast group.
VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of the multicast IP. Forward Port: Enter the forward port of the multicast group. Search Option Search Option: Select the rules for displaying multicast IP table to find the desired entries quickly. All: Displays all static multicast IP entries. Multicast IP: Enter the multicast IP address the desired entry must carry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID the desired entry must carry. Port: Enter the port number the desired entry must carry.
Figure 8-10 Multicast Filter The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create IP-Range IP Range ID: Enter the IP-range ID. Start Multicast IP: Enter start multicast IP of the IP-range you set. End Multicast IP: Enter end multicast IP of the IP-range you set. IP-Range Table IP-Range ID Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding IP-range ID based on the ID number you entered. Select: Select the desired entry to delete or modify the corresponding IP-range.
Figure 8-11 Port Filter The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Filter Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for multicast filtering. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Filter: Select Enable/Disable multicast filtering feature on the port.
Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Configure IP-Range Required. Configure IP-Range to be filtered Multicast→Multicast Filter→IP-Range page. 2 Configure multicast filter rules for ports Optional. Configure multicast filter rules for ports on Multicast→Multicast Filter→Port Filter page. on 8.4 Packet Statistics On this page you can view the multicast data traffic on each port of the switch, which facilitates you to monitor the IGMP messages in the network.
IGMP Statistics Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Query Packet: Displays the number of query packets the port received. Report Packet (V1): Displays the number of IGMPv1 report packets the port received. Report Packet (V2): Displays the number of IGMPv2 report packets the port received. Report Packet (V3): Displays the number of IGMPv3 report packets the port received.
Chapter 9 QoS QoS (Quality of Service) functions to provide different quality of service for various network applications and requirements and optimize the bandwidth resource distribution so as to provide a network service experience of a better quality. QoS This switch classifies the ingress packets, maps the packets to different priority queues and then forwards the packets according to specified scheduling algorithms to implement QoS function.
2. 802.1P Priority Figure 9-2 802.1Q frame As shown in the figure above, each 802.1Q Tag has a Pri field, comprising 3 bits. The 3-bit priority field is 802.1p priority in the range of 0 to 7. 802.1P priority determines the priority of the packets based on the Pri value. On the Web management page of the switch, you can configure different priority tags mapping to the corresponding priority levels, and then the switch determine which packet is sent preferentially when forwarding packets.
Figure 9-4 SP-Mode 2. WRR-Mode: Weight Round Robin Mode. In this mode, packets in all the queues are sent in order based on the weight value for each queue and every queue can be assured of a certain service time. The weight value indicates the occupied proportion of the resource. WRR queue overcomes the disadvantage of SP queue that the packets in the queues with lower priority can not get service for a long time.
The QoS module is mainly for traffic control and priority configuration, including three submenus: DiffServ, Bandwidth Control and Voice VLAN. 9.1 DiffServ This switch classifies the ingress packets, maps the packets to different priority queues and then forwards the packets according to specified scheduling algorithms to implement QoS function. This switch implements three priority modes based on port, on 802.1P and on DSCP, and supports four queue scheduling algorithms.
Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Select the port priority Required. On QoS→DiffServ→Port Priority page, configure the port priority. 2 Configure the mapping relation between the 802.1P priority and TC Required. On QoS→DiffServ→802.1P/CoS mapping page, configure the mapping relation between the 802.1P priority and TC. 3 Select a schedule mode Required. On QoS→DiffServ→Schedule Mode page, select a schedule mode. 9.1.2 DSCP Priority On this page you can configure DSCP priority.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: DSCP Priority Config DSCP Priority: Select Enable or Disable DSCP Priority. Priority Level DSCP: Indicates the priority determined by the DS region of IP datagram. It ranges from 0 to 63. Priority: Indicates the 802.1P priority the packets with tag are mapped to. The priorities are labeled as CoS0 ~ CoS7. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Configure the mapping relation between the DSCP priority and 802.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Priority and CoS-mapping Config Tag-id/Cos-id: Indicates the precedence level defined by IEEE802.1P and the CoS ID. Queue TC-id: Indicates the priority level of egress queue the packets with tag and CoS-id are mapped to. The priority levels of egress queue are labeled as TC0, TC1, TC2 and TC3. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Configure the mapping relation between the 802.1P priority Tag/CoS and the TC Required.
SP+WRR-Mode: Strict-Priority + Weight Round Robin Mode. In this mode, this switch provides two scheduling groups, SP group and WRR group. Queues in SP group and WRR group are scheduled strictly based on strict-priority mode while the queues inside WRR group follow the WRR mode. In SP+WRR mode, TC3 is in the SP group; TC0, TC1 and TC2 belong to the WRR group and the weight value ratio of TC0, TC1 and TC2 is 1:2:4.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Rate Limit Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for Rate configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Ingress Rate (Kbps): Configure the bandwidth for receiving packets on the port.
Figure 9-11 Storm Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: Storm Control Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for Storm Control configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Broadcast Rate (bps): Select the bandwidth for receiving broadcast packets on the port. The packet traffic exceeding the bandwidth will be discarded.
9.3 Voice VLAN Voice VLANs are configured specially for voice data stream. By configuring Voice VLANs and adding the ports with voice devices attached to voice VLANs, you can perform QoS-related configuration for voice data, ensuring the transmission priority of voice data stream and voice quality. OUI Address (Organizationally unique identifier address) The switch can determine whether a received packet is a voice packet by checking its source MAC address.
Port Voice VLAN Voice Mode Stream Type Automatic Mode Link type of the port and processing mode TAG voice ACCESS: Not supported. stream TRUNK: Supported. The default VLAN of the port can not be voice VLAN. GENERAL: Supported. The default VLAN of the port can not be voice VLAN and the egress rule of the access port in the default VLAN should be TAG. UNTAG voice stream Manual Mode ACCESS: Supported. TRUNK: Not supported. GENERAL: Supported.
Note: Don’t transmit voice stream together with other business packets in the voice VLAN except for some special requirements. The Voice VLAN function can be implemented on Global Config, Port Config and OUI Config pages. 9.3.1 Global Config On this page, you can configure the global parameters of the voice VLAN, including VLAN ID, aging time, the transmission priority of the voice packets and so on. Choose the menu QoS→Voice VLAN→Global Config to load the following page.
Figure 9-13 Port Config Note: To enable voice VLAN function for the LAG member port, please ensure its member state accords with its port mode. If a port is a member port of voice VLAN, changing its port mode to be “Auto” will make the port leave the voice VLAN and will not join the voice VLAN automatically until it receives voice streams.
Security Mode: Configure the security mode for forwarding packets. Disable: All packets are forwarded. Enable: Only voice data are forwarded. Member State: Displays the state of the port in the current voice VLAN. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. 9.3.3 OUI Config The switch supports OUI create and add the MAC address of the special voice device to the OUI table of the switch. The switch determines whether a received packet is a voice packet by checking its OUI address.
Displays the description of the OUI. Description: Configuration Procedure of Voice VLAN: Step Operation Description 1 Configure the link type of the port Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of ports of the voice device. 2 Create VLAN Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, click the Create button to create a VLAN. 3 Add address OUI Optional. On QoS→Voice VLAN→OUI Config page, you can check whether the switch is supporting the OUI template or not.
Chapter 10 PoE PoE (Power over Ethernet) technology describes a system to transmit electrical power along with data to remote devices over standard twisted-pair cable in an Ethernet network. It is especially useful for supplying power to IP telephones, wireless LAN access points, cameras and so on. Composition A PoE system usually consists of PSE and PD. PSE: Power sourcing equipment (PSE) is a device such as a switch that provides power on the Ethernet cable to the linked device.
10.1.1 PoE Config On this page, you can configure the parameters to implement PoE function. Choose the menu PoE→PoE Config→PoE Config to load the following page. Figure 10-1 PoE Config The following items are displayed on this screen: Global Config System Power Limit: Specify the max power the PoE switch can supply. System Power Consumption: Displays the PoE switch's real time system power consumption. System Remain: Displays the PoE switch's real time remaining system power.
Power Limit (0.1w-30w): Defines the max power the corresponding port can supply. Class1 represents 4w, Class2 represents 7w, Class3 represents 15.4w and Class4 represents 30w. Time Range: Select the time range for the PoE port to supply power. If No limit is selected, the PoE port will supply power all the time. PoE Profile: Select the profile you want to apply to the selected port. If a PoE Profile is selected, the three attributes including PoE Status, PoE Priority and Power Limit are not available.
PoE Priority: The priority levels include High, Middle and Low in descending order. When the supply power exceeds the system power limit, the PD linked to the port with lower priority will be disconnected. Power Limit: Defines the max power the corresponding port can supply. Class1 represents 4w, Class2 represents 7w, Class3 represents 15.4w, and Class4 represents 30w. PoE Profile Select: Select the desired profile to delete. Profile Name: Displays the name of the profile.
Slice: Displays the time-slice of the time-range. Mode: Displays the mode the time-range adopts. Operation: Click Edit to modify this time-range and click Detail to display the complete information of this time–range. 10.2.2 PoE Time-Range Create On this page you can create time-ranges. Choose the menu PoE→PoE Time-Range→PoE Time-Range Create to load the following page. Figure 10-4 Time-Range Create Note: To successfully configure time-ranges, please firstly specify time-slices and then time-ranges.
Time-Slice Table Index: Displays the index of the time-slice. Start Time: Displays the start time of the time-slice. End Time: Displays the end time of the time-slice. Delete: Click the Delete button to delete the corresponding time-slice. 10.2.3 PoE Holiday Config Holiday mode is applied as a different secured access control policy from the week mode. On this page you can define holidays according to your work arrangement.
Chapter 11 SNMP SNMP Overview SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) has gained the most extensive application on the UDP/IP networks. SNMP provides a management frame to monitor and maintain the network devices. It is used for automatically managing the various network devices no matter the physical differences of the devices. Currently, the most network management systems are based on SNMP.
application requirement. SNMP v1: SNMP v1 adopts Community Name authentication. The community name is used to define the relation between SNMP Management Station and SNMP Agent. The SNMP packets failing to pass community name authentication are discarded. The community name can limit access to SNMP Agent from SNMP NMS, functioning as a password. SNMP v2c: SNMP v2c also adopts community name authentication. It is compatible with SNMP v1 while enlarges the function of SNMP v1.
The User configured in a SNMP Group can manage the switch via the client program on management station. The specified User Name and the Auth/Privacy Password are used for SNMP Management Station to access the SNMP Agent, functioning as the password. SNMP module is used to configure the SNMP function of the switch, including three submenus: SNMP Config, Notification and RMON. 11.1 SNMP Config The SNMP Config can be implemented on the Global Config, SNMP View, SNMP Group, SNMP User and SNMP Community pages.
Note: The amount of Engine ID characters must be even. 11.1.2 SNMP View The OID (Object Identifier) of the SNMP packets is used to describe the managed objects of the switch, and the MIB (Management Information Base) is the set of the OIDs. The SNMP View is created for the SNMP management station to manage MIB objects. Choose the menu SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP View to load the following page.
11.1.3 SNMP Group On this page, you can configure SNMP Group to control the network access by providing the users in various groups with different management rights via the Read View, Write View and Notify View. Choose the menu SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP Group to load the following page. Figure 11-5 SNMP Group The following entries are displayed on this screen: Group Config Group Name: Enter the SNMP Group name. The Group Name, Security Model and Security Level compose the identifier of the SNMP Group.
Write View: Select the View to be the Write View. The management access is writing only and changes can be made to the assigned SNMP View. The View defined both as the Read View and the Write View can be read and modified. Notify View: Select the View to be the Notify View. The management station can receive trap messages of the assigned SNMP view generated by the switch's SNMP agent. Group Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding group. It is multi-optional.
Figure 11-6 SNMP User The following entries are displayed on this screen: User Config User Name: Enter the User Name here. User Type: Select the type for the User. Local User: Indicates that the user is connected to a local SNMP engine. Remote User: Indicates that the user is connected to a remote SNMP engine. Group Name: Select the Group Name of the User. The User is classified to the corresponding Group according to its Group Name, Security Model and Security Level.
User Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding User. It is multi-optional. User Name: Displays the name of the User. User Type: Displays the User Type. Group Name: Displays the Group Name of the User. Security Model: Displays the Security Model of the User. Security Level: Displays the Security Level of the User. Auth Mode: Displays the Authentication Mode of the User. Privacy Mode: Displays the Privacy Mode of the User.
Access: Defines the access rights of the community. MIB View: read-only: Management right of the Community is restricted to read-only, and changes cannot be made to the corresponding View. read-write: Management right of the Community is read-write and changes can be made to the corresponding View. Select the MIB View for the community to access. Community Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding Community. It is multi-optional.
If SNMPv1 or SNMPv2c is employed, please take the following steps: Step Operation Description 1 Enable SNMP function globally. Required. On the SNMP→SNMP Config→Global Config page, enable SNMP function globally. 2 Create SNMP View. Required. On the SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP View page, create SNMP View of the management agent. The default View Name is viewDefault and the default OID is 1. 3 Create SNMP Community directly. Configure access level for the User. Required alternatively.
Figure 11-8 Notification Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Notification IP Address: Enter the IP Address of the management Host. UDP Port: Enter the number of the UDP port used to send notifications. The UDP port functions with the IP address for the notification sending. The default is 162. User: Enter the User name of the management station. Security Model: Select the Security Model of the management station.
Notification Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding management station. IP Address: Displays the IP Address of the management host. UDP Port: Displays the UDP port used to send notifications. User: Displays the User name of the management station. Security Model: Displays the Security Model of the management station. Security Level: Displays the Security Level for the SNMP v3 User. Type: Displays the type of the notifications.
The RMON Groups can be configured on the History Control, Event Config and Alarm Config pages. 11.3.1 History Control On this page, you can configure the History Group for RMON. Choose the menu SNMP→RMON→History Control to load the following page. Figure 11-9 History Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: History Control Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry.
Figure 11-10 Event Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Event Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry. User: Enter the name of the User or the community to which the event belongs. Description: Give a description to the event for identification. Type: Select the event type, which determines the act way of the network device in response to an event. None: No processing. Log: Logging the event.
Figure 11-11 Alarm Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Alarm Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry. Variable: Select the alarm variables from the pull-down list. Port: Select the port on which the Alarm entry acts. Sample Type: Specify the sampling method for the selected variable and comparing the value against the thresholds.
Interval: Enter the alarm interval time in seconds. Owner: Enter the name of the device or user that defined the entry. Status: Select Enable/Disable the corresponding alarm entry. Note: When alarm variables exceed the Threshold on the same direction continuously for several times, an alarm event will only be generated on the first time, that is, the Rising Alarm and Falling Alarm are triggered alternately for that the alarm following to Rising Alarm is certainly a Falling Alarm and vice versa.
Chapter 12 LLDP LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) is a Layer 2 protocol that is used for network devices to advertise their own device information periodically to neighbors on the same IEEE 802 local area network. The advertised information, including details such as device identification, capabilities and configuration settings, is represented in TLV (Type/Length/Value) format according to the IEEE 802.1ab standard, and these TLVs are encapsulated in LLDPDU (Link Layer Discovery Protocol Data Unit).
Tx&Rx: the port can both transmit and receive LLDPDUs. Rx_Only: the port can receive LLDPDUs only. Tx_Only: the port can transmit LLDPDUs only. Disable: the port cannot transmit or receive LLDPDUs. 2) 3) LLDPDU transmission mechanism If the ports are working in TxRx or Tx mode, they will advertise local information by sending LLDPDUs periodically. If there is a change in the local device, the change notification will be advertised.
The following table shows the details about the currently defined TLVs. TLV type TLV Name Description Usage in LLDPDU 0 End of LLDPDU Mark the end of the TLV sequence in LLDPDUs. Any information following an End Of LLDPDU TLV shall be ignored. Mandatory 1 Chassis ID Identifies the Chassis address of the connected device. Mandatory 2 Port ID Identifies the specific port that transmitted the LLDP frame.
Note: For detailed introduction of TLV, please refer to IEEE 802.1AB standard and ANSI/TIA-1057. In TP-LINK switch, the following LLDP optional TLVs are supported. Port Description TLV The Port Description TLV allows network management to advertise the IEEE 802 LAN station's port description. System Capabilities TLV The System Capabilities TLV identifies the primary functions of the system and whether or not these primary functions are enabled.
The LLDP module is mainly for LLDP function configuration of the switch, including three submenus: Basic Config, Device Info, Device Statistics and LLDP-MED. 12.1 Basic Config LLDP is configured on the Global Config and Port Config pages. 12.1.1 Global Config On this page you can configure the LLDP parameters of the device globally. Choose the menu LLDP→Basic Config→Global Config to load the following page.
Fast Start Times: When the port's LLDP state transforms from Disable (or Rx_Only) to Tx&Rx (or Tx_Only), the fast start mechanism will be enabled, that is, the transmit interval will be shorten to a second, and several LLDPDUs will be sent out (the number of LLDPDUs equals this parameter). The default value is 3. 12.1.2 Port Config On this page you can configure all ports' LLDP parameters. Choose the menu LLDP→Basic Config→Port Config to load the following page.
12.2 Device Info You can view the LLDP information of the local device and its neighbors on the Local Info and Neighbor Info pages respectively. 12.2.1 Local Info On this page you can see all ports' configuration and system information. Choose the menu LLDP→Device Info→Local Info to load the following page. Figure 12-3 LLDP Local Information The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the auto refresh function.
Refresh Rate: Specify the auto refresh rate. Local Info Enter the desired port number and click Select to display the information of the corresponding port. 12.2.2 Neighbor Info On this page you can get the information of the neighbors. Choose the menu LLDP→Device Info→Neighbor Info to load the following page. Figure 12-4 LLDP Neighbor Information The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the auto refresh function.
Figure 12-5 LLDP Statistic Information The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the auto refresh function. Refresh Rate: Specify the auto refresh rate. Global Statistics Last Update: Displays latest update time of the statistics. Total Inserts: Displays the number of neighbors inserted till last update time. Total Deletes: Displays the number of neighbors deleted by local device.
based on the port number you entered. Port: Displays local device's port number. Transmit Total: Displays the number of LLDPDUs sent by this port. Receive Total: Displays the number of LLDPDUs received by this port. Discards: Displays the number of LLDPDUs discarded by this port. Errors: Displays the number of error LLDPDUs received by this port. Ageouts: Displays the number of overtime neighbors linking to this port. TLV Discards: Displays the number of TLVs dropped by this port.
Extended Power-Via-MDI TLV The Extended Power-Via-MDI TLV is intended to enable advanced power management between LLDP-MED Endpoint and Network Connectivity Devices, and it allows advertisement of fine grained power requirement details, Endpoint power priority, as well as both Endpoint and Network Connectivity Device power status.
Figure 12-7 LLDP-MED Port Configuration The following entries are displayed on this screen: LLDP-MED Port Config Port Select: Select the desired port to configure. LLDP-MED Status: Configure the port's LLDP-MED status: Enable: Enable the port's LLDP-MED status, and the port's Admin Status will be changed to Tx&Rx. Disable: Disable the port's LLDP-MED status. Included TLVs: Select TLVs to be included in outgoing LLDPDU.
Included TLVs Select TLVs to be included in outgoing LLDPDU. Location Identification Parameters Configure the Location Identification TLV's content in outgoing LLDPDU of the port. Emergency Number: Emergency number is Emergency Call Service ELIN identifier, which is used during emergency call setup to a traditional CAMA or ISDN trunk-based PSAP.
Figure 12-8 LLDP-MED Local Information The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the auto refresh function. Refresh Rate: Specify the auto refresh rate. Local Info Enter the desired port number and click Select to display the information of the corresponding port. 12.4.4 Neighbor Info On this page you can get the LLDP-MED information of the neighbors. Choose the menu LLDP→LLDP-MED→Neighbor Info to load the following page.
Figure 12-9 LLDP-MED Neighbor Information The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the auto refresh function. Refresh Rate: Specify the auto refresh rate. Neighbor Info Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Local Port: Displays the local port number connecting to the neighbor device. Device Type: Displays the device type of the neighbor.
Chapter 13 Maintenance Maintenance module, assembling the commonly used system tools to manage the switch, provides the convenient method to locate and solve the network problem. （1） System Monitor: Monitor the utilization status of the memory and the CPU of switch. （2） Log: View the configuration parameters of the switch and find out the errors via the Logs. （3） Cable Test: Test the connection status of the cable to locate and diagnose the trouble spot of the network.
Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its CPU utilization rate every four seconds. 13.1.2 Memory Monitor Choose the menu Maintenance→System Monitor→Memory Monitor to load the following page. Figure 13-2 Memory Monitor Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its Memory utilization rate every four seconds. 13.
notifications 5 Normal but significant conditions informational 6 Informational messages debugging 7 Debug-level messages Table 13-1 Log Level The Log function is implemented on the Log Table, Local Log, Remote Log and Backup Log pages. 13.2.1 Log Table The switch supports logs output to two directions, namely, log buffer and log file.
select a module from the drop-down list to display the corresponding log information. Severity: Displays the severity level of the log information. You can select a severity level to display the log information whose severity level value is the same or smaller. Content: Displays the content of the log information. Note: 1. The logs are classified into eight levels based on severity. The higher the information severity is, the lower the corresponding level is. 2.
13.2.3 Remote Log Remote log feature enables the switch to send system logs to the Log Server. Log Server is to centralize the system logs from various devices for the administrator to monitor and manage the whole network. Choose the menu Maintenance→Log→Remote Log to load the following page. Figure 13-5 Log Host The following entries are displayed on this screen: Log Host Index: Displays the index of the log host. The switch supports 4 log hosts. Host IP: Configure the IP for the log host.
Figure 13-6 Backup Log The following entry is displayed on this screen: Backup Log Backup Log: Click the Backup Log button to save the log as a file to your computer. Note: It will take a few minutes to backup the log file. Please wait without any operation. 13.3 Device Diagnostics This switch provides Cable Test and Loopback functions for device diagnostics. 13.3.
Status: Displays the connection status of the cable connected to the port. The test results of the cable include normal, close, open, short, impedance or unknown. Length: If the connection status is normal, here displays the length range of the cable. Error: If the connection status is close, open or impedance, here displays the error length of the cable. Note: 1. The Length displayed here is the length of pair cable not that of the physical cable. 2. The test result is just for your reference.
13.4 Network Diagnostics This switch provides Ping test and Tracert test functions for network diagnostics. 13.4.1 Ping Ping test function, testing the connectivity between the switch and one node of the network, facilitates you to test the network connectivity and reachability of the host so as to locate the network malfunctions. Choose the menu Maintenance→Network Diagnostics→Ping to load the following page.
Figure 13-10 Tracert The following entries are displayed on this screen: Tracert Config Destination IP: Enter the IP address of the destination device. Max Hop: Specify the maximum number of the route hops the test data can pass through.
Appendix A: Specifications IEEE802.3 10Base-T Ethernet IEEE802.3u 100Base-TX/100Base-FX Fast Ethernet IEEE802.3ab 1000Base-T Gigabit Ethernet Standards IEEE802.3z 1000Base-X Gigabit Ethernet IEEE802.3x Flow Control IEEE802.1p QoS IEEE802.1q VLAN Ethernet: 10Mbps HD，20Mbps FD Transmission Rate Fast Ethernet: 100Mbps HD，200Mbps FD Gigabit Ethernet: 2000Mbps FD 10Base-T: UTP/STP of Cat. 3 or above 100Base-TX: UTP/STP of Cat.
Appendix B: Configuring the PCs In this section, we’ll introduce how to install and configure the TCP/IP correctly in Windows 2000. First make sure your Ethernet Adapter is working, refer to the adapter’s manual if necessary. 1) On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Control Panel. 2) Click the Network and Internet Connections icon, and then click on the Network Connections tab in the appearing window.
5) The following TCP/IP Properties window will display and the IP Address tab is open on this window by default. Figure B-3 6) Select Use the following IP address. And the following items will be available. If the switch's IP address is 192.168.0.1, specify IP address as 192.168.0.x (x is from 2 to 254), and the Subnet mask as 255.255.255.0. Now: Click OK to save your settings.
Appendix C: Glossary Boot Protocol (BOOTP) BOOTP is used to provide bootup information for network devices, including IP address information, the address of the TFTP server that contains the devices system files, and the name of the boot file. Class of Service (CoS) CoS is supported by prioritizing packets based on the required level of service, and then placing them in the appropriate output queue.
IEEE 802.1p An IEEE standard for providing quality of service (QoS) in Ethernet networks. The standard uses packet tags that define up to eight traffic classes and allows switches to transmit packets based on the tagged priority value. IEEE 802.3ac Defines frame extensions for VLAN tagging. IEEE 802.3x Defines Ethernet frame start/stop requests and timers used for flow control on full-duplex links. (Now incorporated in IEEE 802.
meaning that it takes a message and converts it into a fixed string of digits, also called a message digest. Network Time Protocol (NTP) NTP provides the mechanisms to synchronize time across the network. The time servers operate in a hierarchical-master-slave configuration in order to synchronize local clocks within the subnet and to national time standards via wire or radio.
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) A TCP/IP protocol commonly used for software downloads. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) UDP provides a datagram mode for packet-switched communications. It uses IP as the underlying transport mechanism to provide access to IP-like services. UDP packets are delivered just like IP packets – connection-less datagrams that may be discarded before reaching their targets. UDP is useful when TCP would be too complex, too slow, or just unnecessary.
