User Guide JetStream 8-Port Gigabit Smart Switch T1500G-10MPS/T1500G-8T (TL-SG2008) T1500G-10PS (TL-SG2210P) REV1.0.
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CONTENTS Package Contents ......................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 About this Guide .......................................................................................................... 2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Intended Readers ......................................................................................................... 2 Conventions ...........................................................................
4.4.2 HTTP Config .................................................................................................... 28 4.4.3 HTTPS Config .................................................................................................. 29 4.4.4 SSH Config ...................................................................................................... 33 4.4.5 Telnet Config ...................................................................................................
.4 7.3.1 Region Config .................................................................................................. 80 7.3.2 Instance Config ............................................................................................... 81 7.3.3 Instance Port Config ....................................................................................... 82 STP Security .............................................................................................................. 83 7.4.1 7.
10.2 10.1.1 PoE Config ..................................................................................................... 129 10.1.2 PoE Profile ..................................................................................................... 130 Time-Range .............................................................................................................. 131 10.2.1 Time-Range Summary ................................................................................... 131 10.2.
12.2.3 12.3 12.4 ARP Inspection ......................................................................................................... 159 12.3.1 ARP Detect .................................................................................................... 162 12.3.2 ARP Defend ................................................................................................... 164 12.3.3 ARP Statistics ................................................................................................
14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Basic Config ............................................................................................................. 207 14.1.1 Global Config ................................................................................................. 207 14.1.2 Port Config .................................................................................................... 208 Device Info ...................................................................................................
Package Contents The following items should be found in your box: One Gigabit Smart Switch One power cord Four rubber cushions Two mounting brackets and other fittings Installation Guide Resource CD, including: • This User Guide • CLI Reference Guide • SNMP Mibs • Other Helpful Information Note: Make sure that the package contains the above items. If any of the listed items are damaged or missing, please contact your distributor.
Chapter 1 About this Guide This User Guide contains information for setup and management of T1500G-10MPS/ T1500G-8T/T1500G-10PS JetStream 8-Port Gigabit Smart Switch. Please read this guide carefully before operation. 1.1 Intended Readers This Guide is intended for network managers familiar with IT concepts and network terminologies. 1.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 2 Introduction Introduces the features, application and appearance of T1500G-10MPS/T1500G-8T/T1500G-10PS. Chapter 3 Login to the Switch Introduces how to log on to the Web management page. Chapter 4 System This module is used to configure system properties of the switch. Here mainly introduces: Chapter 5 Switching System Tools: Manage the configuration file of the switch.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 8 Multicast This module is used to configure multicast function of the switch. Here mainly introduces: Chapter 9 QoS Multicast Filter: Configure multicast filter feature to restrict users ordering multicast programs. Packet Statistics: View the multicast data traffic on each port of the switch, which facilitates you to monitor the IGMP messages in the network. DiffServ: Configure priorities, port priority, 802.1P priority and DSCP priority.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 12 Network Security This module is used to configure the protection measures for the network security. Here mainly introduces: Chapter 13 SNMP DHCP Snooping: DHCP Snooping functions to monitor the process of the Host obtaining the IP address from DHCP server, and record the IP address, MAC address, VLAN and the connected Port number of the Host for automatic binding. ARP Inspection: Configure ARP inspection feature to prevent the network from ARP attacks.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 14 Maintenance This module is used to assemble the commonly used system tools to manage the switch. Here mainly introduces: System Monitor: Monitor the memory and CPU of the switch. Log: View configuration parameters on the switch. Device Diagnostics: Test the connection status of the cable connected to the switch, test if the port of the switch and the connected device are available.
Chapter 2 Introduction 2.1 Overview of the Switch Designed for workgroups and departments, T1500G-10MPS/T1500G-8T/T1500G-10PS from TP-Link provides wire-speed performance and full set of layer 2 management features. It provides a variety of service features and multiple powerful functions with high security. The EIA-standardized framework and smart configuration capacity can provide flexible solutions for a variable scale of networks. QoS and IGMP snooping/filtering optimize voice and video application.
Name Status Flashing SYS FAN PoE MAX The switch is working abnormally. Green All the fans work properly. Yellow Not all the fans work properly. On The remaining PoE power≤7W Off Speed or PoE Flashing On Flashing Off SPF1, SFP2 Flashing Yellow A 1000Mbps device is connected to the corresponding port, but no activity. Data is being transmitted or received. A 10/100Mbps device is connected to the corresponding port, but no activity. Data is being transmitted or received.
Name Status Indication On PoE MAX The remaining PoE power≤7W Flashing Off Green Speed or PoE Yellow The remaining PoE power>7W On Flashing On Flashing Off Green SPF1, SFP2 Yellow The port is supplying power normally. The supply power exceeds the corresponding port's maximum power. Overload or short circuit is detected. Power-on self-test has failed. No device is connected to the corresponding port.
The following parts are located on the front panel of T1500G-8T: LEDs Name Power Status On The switch is powered on. Off The switch is powered off or power supply is abnormal. Flashing System 1-8 Indication Flashing On/Off Power supply is abnormal. The switch is working normally. The switch is working abnormally. On (Green) The corresponding port is connected to a 1000Mbps device. On (Yellow) The corresponding port is connected to a 10/100Mbps device.
Name Status On Green Link/Act Indication Flashing On Yellow Flashing Off Data is being transmitted or received. A 10/100Mbps device is connected to the corresponding port, but no activity. Data is being transmitted or received. No device is connected to the corresponding port. On(Green) The corresponding port is connected to a PoE PD and supplying power.
Kensington Security Slot Secure the lock (not provided) into the security slot to prevent the device from being stolen. Power Socket Connect the female connector of the power cord here, and the male connector to the AC (Alternating Current) power outlet. Please make sure the voltage of the power supply meets the requirement of the input voltage. Grounding Terminal The switch already comes with lightning protection mechanism.
Figure 2-6 Rear Panel of T1500G-10PS Power Socket Connect the power socket and AC (Alternating Current) power outlet with the provided DC power adapter and AC power cord. Please make sure the voltage of the power supply meets the requirement of the input voltage. 10/100/1000Mbps RJ45 Port and PoE Port Designed to connect to the device with a bandwidth of 10Mbps, 100Mbps or 1000Mbps. Each has a corresponding Link/Act or PoE Status LED. SFP Port Designed to install the SFP module.
Chapter 3 Login to the Switch 3.1 Login 1) To access the configuration utility, open a web-browser and type in the default address http://192.168.0.1 in the address field of the browser, then press the Enter key. Figure 3-1 Web-browser Tips: To log in to the switch, the IP address of your PC should be set in the same subnet addresses of the switch. The IP address is 192.168.0.x ("x" is any number from 2 to 254), Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0.
Figure 3-3 Main Setup-Menu Note: Clicking Apply can only make the new configurations effective before the switch is rebooted. If you want to keep the configurations effective even the switch is rebooted, please click Save Config. You are suggested to click Save Config before cutting off the power or rebooting the switch to avoid losing the new configurations.
Chapter 4 System The System module is mainly for system configuration of the switch, including four submenus: System Info, User Management, System Tools and Access Security. 4.1 System Info The System Info, mainly for basic properties configuration, can be implemented on System Summary, Device Description, System Time, Daylight Saving Time and System IP pages. 4.1.1 System Summary On this page you can view the port connection status and the system information.
When the cursor moves on the port, the detailed information of the port will be displayed. Figure 4-2 Port Information Port Info Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Speed: Displays the maximum transmission rate of the port. Type: Status: Displays the type of the port. Displays the connection status of the port. Click a port to display the bandwidth utilization on this port. The actual rate divided by theoretical maximum rate is the bandwidth utilization.
Choose the menu System→System Info→Device Description to load the following page. Figure 4-4 Device Description The following entries are displayed on this screen: Device Description Device Name: Enter the name of the switch. Device Location: Enter the location of the switch. System Contact: Enter your contact information. 4.1.3 System Time System Time is the time displayed while the switch is running.
Time Config Manual: When this option is selected, you can set the date and time manually. Get Time from NTP Server: When this option is selected, you can configure the time zone and the IP Address for the NTP Server. The switch will get UTC automatically if it has connected to an NTP Server. Synchronize PC’S Clock: 1. 2. with Time Zone: Select your local time. Primary/Secondary Server: Enter the IP Address for the NTP Server. Update Rate: Specify the rate fetching time from NTP server.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: DST Config DST Status: Enable or disable the DST. Predefined Mode: Select a predefined DST configuration. Recurring Mode: 2. Europe: Last Sunday in March, 01:00 to Last Sunday in October, 01:00. New Zealand: Last Sunday in September, 02:00 to First Sunday in April, 03:00. Offset: Specify the time adding in minutes when Daylight Saving Time comes. Start/End Time: Select starting time and ending time of Daylight Saving Time.
Choose the menu System→System Info→System IP to load the following page. Figure 4-7 System IP The following entries are displayed on this screen: IP Config MAC Address: Displays MAC Address of the switch. IP Address Mode: Select the mode to obtain IP Address for the switch. Static IP: When this option is selected, you should enter IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway manually. DHCP: When this option is selected, the switch will obtain network parameters from the DHCP Server.
4. 5. If DHCP or BOOTP option is selected, the switch will get network parameters dynamically from the Internet, which means that IP address, subnet mask and default gateway cannot be configured. By default, the IP address is 192.168.0.1. 4.2 User Management User Management functions to configure the user name and password for users to log on to the Web management page with a certain access level so as to protect the settings of the switch from being randomly changed.
Choose the menu System→User Management→User Config to load the following page. Figure 4-9 User Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: User Info User Name: Create a name for users’ login. Access Level: Select the access level to login. Admin: Admin can edit, modify and view all the settings of different functions. Operator: Operator can edit, modify and view most of the settings in different functions.
4.3 System Tools The System Tools function, allowing you to manage the configuration file of the switch, can be implemented on Boot Config, Config Restore, Config Backup, Firmware Upgrade, System Reboot and System Reset pages. 4.3.1 Boot Config On this page you can configure the boot file of the switch. When the switch is powered on, it will start up with the startup image. If it fails, it will try to start up with the backup image. If this fails too, you will enter into the bootutil menu of the switch.
Choose the menu System→System Tools→Config Restore to load the following page. Figure 4-11 Config Restore The following entries are displayed on this screen: Config Restore Restore Config: Click the Browse button to select a backup file and click the Import button to restore the startup configuration file. Note: 1. It will take a few minutes to restore the configuration. Please wait without any operation. 3. After being restored, the current settings of the switch will be lost.
Note: It will take a few minutes to backup the configuration. Please wait without any operation. 4.3.4 Firmware Upgrade The switch system can be upgraded via the Web management page. To upgrade the system is to get more functions and better performance. Go to http://www.tp-link.com to download the updated firmware. Choose the menu System→System Tools→Firmware Upgrade to load the following page.
Choose the menu System→System Tools→System Reboot to load the following page. Figure 4-14 System Reboot Note: To avoid damage, please don't turn off the device while rebooting. 4.3.6 System Reset On this page you can reset the switch to the default. All the settings will be cleared after the switch is reset. Choose the menu System→System Tools→System Reset to load the following page.
Choose the menu System→Access Security→Access Control to load the following page. Figure 4-16 Access Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: Access Control Config Control Mode: Select the control mode for users to log on to the Web management page. Disable: Select to disable Access Control function. IP-based: Select this option to limit the IP-range of the users for login. MAC-based: Select this option to limit the MAC Address of the users for login.
Choose the menu System→Access Security→HTTP Config to load the following page. Figure 4-17 HTTP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config HTTP: Session Config Session Timeout: Select Enable/Disable the HTTP function on the switch. If you do nothing with the Web management page within the timeout time, the system will log out automatically. If you want to reconfigure, please login again.
secure the data transmission between the Web browser and servers. It is mainly applied through ecommerce and online banking. SSL mainly provides the following services: 1. Authenticate the users and the servers based on the certificates to ensure the data are transmitted to the correct users and servers; 2. Encrypt the data transmission to prevent the data being intercepted; 3. Maintain the integrality of the data to prevent the data being altered in the transmission.
Figure 4-18 HTTPS Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config HTTPS: Select Enable/Disable the HTTPS function on the switch. SSL Version 3: Enable or Disable Secure Sockets Layer Version 3.0. By default, it’s enabled. TLS Version 1: Enable or Disable Transport Layer Security Version 1.0. By default, it’s enabled. CipherSuite Config RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5: Key exchange with RC4 128-bit encryption and MD5 for message digest. By default, it’s enabled.
RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA: Key exchange with RC4 128-bit encryption and SHA for message digest. By default, it’s enabled. RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA: Key exchange with DES-CBC for message encryption and SHA for message digest. By default, it’s enabled. RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA: Key exchange with 3DES and DES-EDE3-CBC for message encryption and SHA for message digest. By default, it’s enabled.
4.4.4 SSH Config As stipulated by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), SSH (Secure Shell) is a security protocol established on application and transport layers. SSH-encrypted-connection is similar to a telnet connection, but essentially the old telnet remote management method is not safe, because the password and data transmitted with plain-text can be easily intercepted.
Protocol V1: Select Enable/Disable SSH V1 to be the supported protocol. Protocol V2: Select Enable/Disable SSH V2 to be the supported protocol. Idle Timeout: Specify the idle timeout time. The system will automatically release the connection when the time is up. The default time is 120 seconds. Max Connect: Specify the maximum number of the connections to the SSH server. No new connection will be established when the number of the connections reaches the maximum number you set.
Download: 1. 2. Click the Download button to download the desired key file to the switch. Note: It will take a long time to download the key file. Please wait without any operation. After the Key File is downloaded, the user's original key of the same type will be replaced. The wrong downloaded file will result in the SSH access to the switch via Password authentication. Application Example 1 for SSH: Network Requirements 1.
Application Example 2 for SSH: Network Requirements 1. Log on to the switch via key authentication using SSH and the SSH function is enabled on the switch. 2. PuTTY client software is recommended. Configuration Procedure 1. Select the key type and key length, and generate SSH key. Note: 1. The key length is in the range of 512 to 3072 bits. 2. During the key generation, randomly moving the mouse quickly can accelerate the key generation.
2. After the key is successfully generated, please save the public key and private key to the computer. 3. On the Web management page of the switch, download the public key file saved in the computer to the switch. Note: 1. The key type should accord with the type of the key file. 2. The SSH key downloading cannot be interrupted. 4. After the public key and private key are downloaded, please log on to the interface of PuTTY and enter the IP address for login.
5. Click Browse to download the private key file to SSH client software and click Open. After successful authentication, please enter the login user name. If you log on to the switch without entering password, it indicates that the key has been successfully downloaded.
4.4.5 Telnet Config On this page you can Enable/Disable Telnet function globally on the switch. Choose the menu System→Access Security→Telnet Config to load the following page. Figure 4-20 Telnet Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config Telnet: Select Enable/Disable Telnet function globally on the switch.
Chapter 5 Switching Switching module is used to configure the basic functions of the switch, including five submenus: Port, LAG, Traffic Monitor, MAC Address and DHCP Filtering. 5.1 Port The Port function, allowing you to configure the basic features for the port, is implemented on the Port Config, Port Mirror, Port Security , Port Isolation and Loopback Detection pages. 5.1.1 Port Config On this page, you can configure the basic parameters for the ports.
1. Port: Displays the port number. Type: Displays the medium type of the port. Description: Give a description to the port for identification. Status: Allows you to Enable/Disable the port. When Enable is selected, the port can forward the packets normally. Speed: Select the Speed mode for the port. The device connected to the switch should be in the same Speed and Duplex mode with the switch. When 'Auto' is selected, the Speed mode will be determined by auto negotiation.
Mirror Session List Session: Displays the mirror session number. Destination: Displays the mirroring port. Mode: Displays the mirror mode. The value will be "Ingress Only", "Egress Only" or “Both”. Source: Displays the mirrored ports. Operation: You can configure the mirror session by clicking Edit, or clear the mirror session configuration by clicking the Clear. Click Edit to display the following figure.
Source Port Select: Select the desired port as a mirrored port. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Ingress: Select Enable/Disable the Ingress feature. When the Ingress is enabled, the incoming packets received by the mirrored port will be copied to the mirroring port. Egress: Select Enable/Disable the Egress feature. When the Egress is enabled, the outgoing packets sent by the mirrored port will be copied to the mirroring port.
Choose the menu Switching→Port→Port Security to load the following page. Figure 5-4 Port Security The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Security Select: Select the desired port for Port Security configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Max Learned MAC: Specify the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned on the port. Learned Num: Displays the number of MAC addresses that have been learned on the port.
• • exceeded. Forward: Packets arrived on the port with new MAC addresses will be forwarded but the addresses will not be learned when the threshold limit is exceeded. Disable: The threshold is not valid. Note: The Port Security function is disabled for the LAG port member. Only the port is removed from the LAG, will the Port Security function be available for the port. 5.1.
Click Edit to display the following figure. Figure 5-6 Port Isolation Config 5.1.5 Loopback Detection With loopback detection feature enabled, the switch can detect loops using loopback detection packets. When a loop is detected, the switch will display an alert or further block the corresponding port according to the port configuration. Choose the menu Switching→Port→Loopback Detection to load the following page.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config LoopbackDetection Status: Here you can enable or disable Loopback Detection function globally. Detection Interval: Set a Loopback Detection interval between 1 and 1000 seconds. By default, it’s 30 seconds. Automatic Recovery Time: Time after which the blocked port would automatically recover to normal status. It can be set as integral times of detection interval.
5.2 LAG LAG (Link Aggregation Group) is to combine a number of ports together to make a single high-bandwidth data path, so as to implement the traffic load sharing among the member ports in the group and to enhance the connection reliability. For the member ports in an aggregation group, their basic configuration must be the same. The basic configuration includes STP, QoS, VLAN, port attributes, MAC Address Learning mode and other associated settings.
results in choosing a port to transfer the packets. • SRC MAC: When this option is selected, the Aggregate Arithmetic will apply to the source MAC addresses of the packets. • DST MAC: When this option is selected, the Aggregate Arithmetic will apply to the destination MAC addresses of the packets. • SRC MAC + DST MAC: When this option is selected, the Aggregate Arithmetic will apply to the source and destination MAC addresses of the packets.
Figure 5-9 Detailed Information 5.2.2 Static LAG On this page, you can manually configure the LAG. Choose the menu Switching→LAG→Static LAG to load the following page. Figure 5-10 Manually Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: LAG Config Group Number: Select a Group Number for the LAG. Description: Displays the description of the LAG. Member Port Member Port: Select the port as the LAG member. Clearing all the ports of the LAG will delete this LAG.
Tips: 1. The LAG can be deleted by clearing its all member ports. 2. A port can only be added to a LAG. If a port is the member of a LAG, the port number will be displayed in gray and cannot be selected. 5.2.3 LACP Config LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) is defined in IEEE802.3ad and enables the dynamic link aggregation and disaggregation by exchanging LACP packets with its partner.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config System Priority: Specify the system priority for the switch. The system priority and MAC address constitute the system identification (ID). A lower system priority value indicates a higher system priority.
Choose the menu Switching→Traffic Monitor→Traffic Summary to load the following page. Figure 5-12 Traffic Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Allows you to Enable/Disable refreshing the Traffic Summary automatically. Refresh Rate: Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval. Traffic Summary UNIT:1/LAGS: Click 1 to show the information of the physical ports.
Choose the menu Switching→Traffic Monitor→Traffic Statistics to load the following page. Figure 5-13 Traffic Statistics The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Allows you to Enable/Disable refreshing the Traffic Summary automatically. Refresh Rate: Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval. Port Select UNIT:1/LAGS: Click 1 to show the information of the physical ports. Click LAGS to show the information of the link aggregation groups.
Alignment Errors: For T1500G-10MPS: Displays the number of the received packets that have a bad Frame Check Sequence (FCS) with a non-integral octet (Alignment Error) and have a bad FCS with an integral octet (CRC Error). The length of the packet is between 64 bytes and 1518 bytes. For : Displays the number of the received packets that have a bad Frame Check Sequence (FCS). The length of the packet is from 64 bytes to maximal bytes of the jumbo frame(usually 10240 bytes).
The types and the features of the MAC Address Table are listed as the following: Type Configuration Way Aging out Being kept after Relationship between the reboot bound MAC address and (if the configuration the port is saved) Static Address Table Manually configuring No Yes Dynamic Address Table Automatically learning Yes No Filtering Address Table Manually configuring No Yes The bound MAC address cannot be learned by the other ports in the same VLAN.
Choose the menu Switching→MAC Address→Address Table to load the following page. Figure 5-14 Address Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: Search Option MAC Address: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of your desired entry. Type: Select the type of your desired entry. Port: All: This option allows the address table to display all the address entries.
VLAN ID: Displays the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Port: Displays the corresponding Port number of the MAC address. Type: Displays the type of the MAC address. Aging Status: Displays the aging status of the MAC address. 5.4.2 Static Address The static address table maintains the static address entries which can be added or removed manually, independent of the aging time.
Search Option Search Option: Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Static Address Table. MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry. Port: Enter the Port number of your desired entry. Static Address Table Select: Select the entry to delete or modify the corresponding port number. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the static MAC Address.
Choose the menu Switching→MAC Address→Dynamic Address to load the following page. Figure 5-16 Dynamic Address The following entries are displayed on this screen: Aging Config Auto Aging: Allows you to Enable/Disable the Auto Aging feature. Aging Time: Enter the Aging Time for the dynamic address. Search Option Search Option: Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Dynamic Address Table.
Aging Status: Displays the aging status of the MAC address. Bind: Click the Bind button to bind the MAC address of your selected entry to the corresponding port statically. Tips: Setting aging time properly helps implement effective MAC address aging. The aging time that is too long or too short results in a decrease of the switch performance. If the aging time is too long, excessive invalid MAC address entries maintained by the switch may fill up the MAC address table.
Filtering Address Table Select: Select the entry to delete the corresponding filtering address. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the filtering MAC Address. VLAN ID: Displays the corresponding VLAN ID. Port: Here the symbol “--” indicates no specified port. Type: Displays the type of the MAC address. Aging Status: Displays the aging status of the MAC address.
Chapter 6 VLAN The traditional Ethernet is a data network communication technology based on CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect) via shared communication medium. Through the traditional Ethernet, the overfull hosts in LAN will result in serious collision, flooding broadcasts, poor performance or even breakdown of the Internet.
A VLAN can span across multiple switches, or even routers. This enables hosts in a VLAN to be dispersed in a looser way. That is, hosts in a VLAN can belong to different physical network segments. This switch supports 802.1Q VLAN to classify VLANs. VLAN tags in the packets are necessary for the switch to identify packets of different VLANs. 6.1 802.1Q VLAN VLAN tags in the packets are necessary for the switch to identify packets of different VLANs.
（1） Untagged: The untagged port can be added in multiple VLANs. If a VLAN-tagged packet arrives at a port and the VLAN ID in its VLAN tag does not match any of the VLAN the ingress port belongs to, this packet will be dropped. The packets forwarded by the untagged port are untagged. （2） Tagged: The tagged port can be added in multiple VLANs. If a VLAN-tagged packet arrives at a port and the VLAN ID in its VLAN tag does not match any of the VLAN the ingress port belongs to, this packet will be dropped.
Choose the menu VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config to load the following page. Figure 6-2 VLAN Table To ensure the normal communication of the factory switch, the default VLAN of all ports is set to VLAN1. The following entries are displayed on this screen: VLAN Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding VLAN. It is multi-optional. VLAN ID: Displays the VLAN ID. Name: Displays the name of the specific VLAN. Members: Displays the port members in the VLAN.
VLAN Info VLAN ID: Displays the ID number of VLAN. Name: Displays the name of the specific VLAN. Untagged Port: Displays the untagged ports of the specific VLAN. Tagged Port: Displays the tagged ports of the specific VLAN. 6.1.2 Port Config Before creating the 802.1Q VLAN, please acquaint yourself with all the devices connected to the switch in order to configure the ports properly. Choose the menu VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config to load the following page.
Click the Detail button to view the information of the corresponding VLAN. Figure 6-5 View the Current VLAN of Port The following entries are displayed on this screen: VLAN of Port VLAN ID： Displays the ID number of VLAN. Name: Displays the user-defined description of VLAN. Operation: Allows you to remove the port from the current VLAN. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Set the link type for port. Required. On the VLAN→802.
Network Diagram Configuration Procedure Configure switch A Step Operation Description 1 Create VLAN10 Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLAN ID as 10, owning Untagged Port 2 and Tagged Port 3. 2 Create VLAN20 Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLAN ID as 20, owning Tagged Port 3 and Untagged Port 4. Configure switch B Step Operation Description 1 Create VLAN10 Required. On VLAN→802.
Chapter 7 Spanning Tree STP (Spanning Tree Protocol), subject to IEEE 802.1D standard, is to disbranch a ring network in the Data Link layer in a local network. Devices running STP discover loops in the network and block ports by exchanging information, in that way, a ring network can be disbranched to form a tree-topological ring-free network to prevent packets from being duplicated and forwarded endlessly in the network. BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) is the protocol data that STP and RSTP use.
Bridge: Switch A is the root bridge in the whole network; switch B is the designated bridge of switch C. Port: Port 3 is the root port of switch B and port 5 is the root port of switch C; port 1 is the designated port of switch A and port 4 is the designated port of switch B; port 6 is the blocked port of switch C. Figure 7-1 Basic STP diagram STP Timers Hello Time: Hello Time ranges from 1 to 10 seconds. It specifies the interval to send BPDU packets. It is used to test the links. Max.
If the root bridge ID and the root path cost of X equal those of Y, but the bridge ID of X is smaller than that of Y, X is superior to Y. If the root bridge ID, the root path cost and bridge ID of X equal those of Y, but the port ID of X is smaller than that of Y, X is superior to Y.
3 The switch compares the resulting BPDU with the BPDU of the desired port whose role you want to determine. If the resulting BPDU takes the precedence over the BPDU of the port, the port is chosen as the designated port and the BPDU of this port is replaced with the resulting BPDU. The port regularly sends out the resulting BPDU; If the BPDU of this port takes the precedence over the resulting BPDU, the BPDU of this port is not replaced and the port is blocked. The port only can receive BPDUs.
MSTP Elements MST Region (Multiple Spanning Tree Region): An MST Region comprises switches with the same region configuration and VLAN-to-Instances mapping relationship. IST (Internal Spanning Tree): An IST is a spanning tree in an MST. CST (Common Spanning Tree): A CST is the spanning tree in a switched network that connects all MST regions in the network.
Root Port: Indicates the port that has the lowest path cost from this bridge to the Root Bridge and forwards packets to the root. Designated Port: Indicates the port that forwards packets to a downstream network segment or switch. Master Port: Indicates the port that connects a MST region to the common root. The path from the master port to the common root is the shortest path between this MST region and the common root.
Figure 7-4 STP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config STP: Version: Select Enable/Disable STP function globally on the switch. Select the desired STP version on the switch. Parameters Config CIST Priority: Hello Time Max Age: Forward Delay: TxHold Count: Max Hops: STP: Spanning Tree Protocol. RSTP: Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol. MSTP: Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol.
1. 2. Note: The forward delay parameter and the network diameter are correlated. A too small forward delay parameter may result in temporary loops. A too large forward delay may cause a network unable to resume the normal state in time. The default value is recommended. An adequate hello time parameter can enable the switch to discover the link failures occurred in the network without occupying too much network resources.
Figure 7-5 STP Summary 7.2 Port Config On this page you can configure the parameters of the ports for CIST Choose the menu Spanning Tree→Port Config to load the following page. Figure 7-6 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered.
Select: Select the desired port for STP configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Status: Select Enable /Disable STP function for the desired port. Priority: Enter a value from 0 to 240 divisible by 16. Port priority is an important criterion on determining if the port connected to this port will be chosen as the root port. The lower value has the higher priority.
LAG: Blocking: In this status the port can only receive BPDU packets. Disconnected: In this status the port is not participating in the STP. Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. Note: 1. Configure the ports connected directly to terminals as edge ports and enable the BPDU protection function as well. This not only enables these ports to transit to forwarding state rapidly but also secures your network. 2. All the links of ports in a LAG can be configured as point-to-point links. 3.
7.3.2 Instance Config Instance Configuration, a property of MST region, is used to describe the VLAN to Instance mapping configuration. You can assign VLAN to different instances appropriate to your needs. Every instance is a VLAN group independent of other instances and CIST. Choose the menu Spanning Tree→MSTP Instance→Instance Config to load the following page.
Clear All: Click Clear All to clear up all VLAN IDs from the instance ID. The cleared VLAN ID will be automatically mapped to the CIST. 7.3.3 Instance Port Config A port can play different roles in different spanning tree instance. On this page you can configure the parameters of the ports in different instance IDs as well as view status of the ports in the specified instance. Choose the menu Spanning Tree→MSTP Instance→Instance Port Config to load the following page.
Path Cost: Port Role: Port Status: LAG: Path Cost is used to choose the path and calculate the path costs of ports in an MST region. It is an important criterion on determining the root port. The lower value has the higher priority. Displays the role of the port played in the MSTP Instance. Displays the working status of the port. Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. Note: The port status of one port in different spanning tree instances can be different.
Loop Protect In a stable network, a switch maintains the states of ports by receiving and processing BPDU packets from the upstream switch. However, when link congestions or link failures occurred to the network, a down stream switch does not receive BPDU packets for certain period, which results in spanning trees being regenerated and roles of ports being reselected, and causes the blocked ports to transit to forwarding state. Therefore, loops may be incurred in the network.
BPDU Filter BPDU filter function is to prevent BPDUs flood in the STP network. If a switch receives malicious BPDUs, it forwards these BPDUs to the other switched in the network, which may result in spanning trees being continuously regenerated. In this case, the switch occupying too much CPU or the protocol status of BPDUs is wrong. With BPDU filter function enabled, a port does not receive or forward BPDUs, but it sends out its own BPDUs.
BPDU Protect: BPDU Protect is to prevent the edge port from being attacked by maliciously created BPDUs BPDU Filter: BPDU Filter is to prevent BPDUs flood in the STP network. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. 7.5 Application Example for STP Function Network Requirements Switch A, B, C, D and E all support MSTP function. A is the central switch. B and C are switches in the convergence layer. D, E and F are switches in the access layer.
Step 2 Operation Description Enable STP function On Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page, enable STP function and select MSTP version. On Spanning Tree→STP Config→Port Config page, enable MSTP function for the port. 3 Configure the region name and the revision of MST region On Spanning Tree→MSTP Instance→Region Config page, configure the region as TP-Link and keep the default revision setting.
Configure Switch C: Step Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as Tagged, and add the ports to VLAN101-VLAN106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.1Q VLAN. 2 Enable STP function On Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page, enable STP function and select MSTP version. On Spanning Tree→STP Config→Port Config page, enable MSTP function for the port.
Step 4 Operation Description Configure VLAN-to-Instance mapping table of the MST region On Spanning Tree→MSTP Instance→Instance Config page, configure VLAN-to-Instance mapping table. Map VLAN101, 103 and 105 to Instance 1; map VLAN102, 104 and 106 to Instance 2. The configuration procedure for switch E and F is the same with that for switch D.
Enable Loop Protect function for the non-edge ports. Enable BPDU Protect function or BPDU Filter function for the edge ports which are connected to the PC and server.
Multicast Overview Chapter 8 Multicast In the network, packets are sent in three modes: unicast, broadcast and multicast. In unicast, the source server sends separate copy information to each receiver. When a large number of users require this information, the server must send many pieces of information with the same content to the users. Therefore, large bandwidth will be occupied. In broadcast, the system transmits information to all users in a network.
3. Each user can join and leave the multicast group at any time; 4. Real time is highly demanded and certain packets drop is allowed. IPv4 Multicast Address 1. IPv4 Multicast IP Address: As specified by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), Class D IP addresses are used as destination addresses of multicast packets. The multicast IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255. The following table displays the range and description of several special multicast IP addresses.
Multicast Address Table The switch is forwarding multicast packets based on the multicast address table. As the transmission of multicast packets cannot span the VLAN, the first part of the multicast address table is VLAN ID, based on which the received multicast packets are forwarded in the VLAN owning the receiving port. The multicast address table is not mapped to an egress port but a group port list.
IGMP Messages The switch, running IGMP Snooping, processes the IGMP messages of different types as follows. 1. IGMP Query Message IGMP query message, sent by the router, falls into two types, IGMP general query message and IGMP group-specific-query message. The router regularly sends IGMP general message to query if the multicast groups contain any member.
Router Port: Indicates the switch port directly connected to the multicast router. Member Port: Indicates a switch port connected to a multicast group member. 2. Timers Router Port Time: Within the time, if the switch does not receive IGMP query message from the router port, it will consider this port is not a router port any more. The default value is 300 seconds.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config IGMP Snooping: Select Enable/Disable IGMP Snooping function globally on the switch. Unknown Multicast: Select the operation for the switch to process unknown multicast, Forward or Discard. Report Message Suppression: Enable or disable Report Message Suppression function globally.
8.1.2 Port Config On this page you can enable or disable the IGMP Snooping and Fast Leave feature for ports of the switch. Choose the menu Multicast →IGMP Snooping →Port Config to load the following page. Figure 8-5 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Config UNIT:1/LAGS: Click 1 to configure the physical ports. Click LAGS to configure the link aggregation groups. Select: Select the desired port for configuration. It is multi-optional.
8.1.3 VLAN Config Multicast groups established by IGMP Snooping are based on VLANs. On this page you can configure different IGMP parameters for different VLANs. Choose the menu Multicast→IGMP Snooping→VLAN Config to load the following page. Figure 8-6 VLAN Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID to enable IGMP Snooping for the desired VLAN. Router Port Time: Specify the aging time of the router port.
Static Router Ports: Select one or more ports to be the static router ports in the VLAN. All multicast data in this VLAN will be forwarded through the static router ports. Forbidden Router Ports UNIT:1/LAGS: Click 1 to configure the physical ports. Click LAGS to configure the link aggregation groups. Forbidden Router Ports: Select the ports to forbid them from being router ports in the VLAN. VLAN Table Select: Select the desired VLAN ID for configuration. It is multi-optional.
the same multicast VLAN. This saves the bandwidth since multicast streams are transmitted only within the multicast VLAN and also guarantees security because the multicast VLAN is isolated from user VLANS. Before configuring a multicast VLAN, you should firstly configure a VLAN as multicast VLAN and add the corresponding ports to the VLAN on the 802.1Q VLAN page.
Member Port Time: Specify the aging time of the member port. Within this time, if the switch doesn’t receive IGMP report message from the member port, it will consider this port is not a member port any more. Replace Source IP: Specify the IP address with which the switch will replace the source of IGMP packets. Dynamic Router Ports: Displays the dynamic router ports of the multicast VLAN. Static Router Ports: Specify the static router port which is mainly used in the network with stable topology.
Network Requirements Multicast source sends multicast streams via the router, and the streams are transmitted to user A and user B through the switch. Router: Its WAN port is connected to the multicast source; its LAN port is connected to the switch. The multicast packets are transmitted in VLAN3.
2 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN function pages. For port 3, configure its link type as Tagged, and add it to VLAN3, VLAN4 and VLAN5. For port 4, configure its link type as Untagged, and add it to VLAN3 and VLAN4. For port 5, configure its link type as Untagged, and add it to VLAN3 and VLAN5. 3 Enable IGMP Snooping function Enable IGMP Snooping function globally on Multicast→IGMP Snooping→Snooping Config page.
Query Interval: Enter the time interval of sending a general query frame by IGMP Snooping Querier. Max Response Time: Enter the maximal time for the host to respond to a general query frame sent by IGMP Snooping Querier. General Query Source IP: Enter the source IP of the general query frame sent by IGMP Snooping Querier. It should not be a multicast IP or a broadcast IP. IGMP Snooping Querier Table Select: Select the desired entry. It is multi-optional.
Profile ID: Specify the Profile ID you want to create, and it should be a number between 1 and 999. Mode: The attributes of the profile. Deny: Only deny the IP address within the IP range and permit others. Search Option Search Option: Select the rules for displaying profile entries. Permit: Only permit the IP address within the IP range and deny others. All: Display all profile entries. Profile ID: Display profile entry of the ID.
Profile ID: Displays the Profile ID you have created. Mode: The attributes of the profile. Permit: Only permit the IP address within the IP range and deny others. Deny: Only deny the IP address within the IP range and permit others. Add IP-range Start IP: Enter start IP address of the IP-range. End IP: Enter end IP address of the IP-range. IP-range Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays index of the IP-range which is not configurable.
Profile and Max Group Binding UNIT:1/LAGS: Click 1 to configure the physical ports. Click LAGS to configure the link aggregation groups. Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Port: It is multi-optional. Displays the port number. Profile ID: The existing Profile ID bound to the selected port. Max Group: The maximum multicast group a port can join. Overflow Action: The policy should be taken when the number of multicast group a port has joined reach the maximum.
Figure 8-11 Packet Statistics The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Select Enable/Disable auto refresh feature. Refresh Period: Enter the time from 3 to 300 in seconds to specify the auto refresh period. IGMP Statistics Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Query Packet: Displays the number of query packets the port received. Report Packet (V1): Displays the number of IGMPv1 report packets the port received.
The Multicast Table function is implemented on the IPv4 Multicast Table and Static IPv4 Multicast Table. 8.2.1 IPv4 Multicast Table On this page you can view the information of the multicast groups already on the switch. Multicast IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The range for receivers to join is from 224.0.1.0 to 239.255.255.255. Choose the menu Multicast→Multicast Table→IPv4 Multicast Table to load the following page.
Choose the menu Multicast→Multicast Table→Static IPv4 Multicast Table to load the following page. Figure 8-13 Static IPv4 Multicast Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Static Multicast Multicast IP: VLAN ID: Forward Port: Enter the multicast IP address the desired entry must carry. Enter the VLAN ID the desired entry must carry. Enter the forward ports. Search Option Search Option: Select the rule for displaying multicast IP table.
VLAN ID: Forward Port: Displays the VLAN ID of the multicast group. Displays the forward port of the multicast group.
Chapter 9 QoS QoS (Quality of Service) functions to provide different quality of service for various network applications and requirements and optimize the bandwidth resource distribution so as to provide a network service experience of a better quality. QoS This switch classifies the ingress packets, maps the packets to different priority queues and then forwards the packets according to specified scheduling algorithms to implement QoS function.
2. 802.1P Priority Figure 9-2 802.1Q frame As shown in the figure above, each 802.1Q Tag has a Pri field, comprising 3 bits. The 3-bit priority field is 802.1p priority in the range of 0 to 7. 802.1P priority determines the priority of the packets based on the Pri value. On the Web management page of the switch, you can configure different priority tags mapping to the corresponding priority levels, and then the switch determine which packet is sent preferentially when forwarding packets.
a long time in congestion, the packets in the queues with lower priority will be “starved to death” because they are not served. Figure 9-4 SP-Mode 2. WRR-Mode: Weight Round Robin Mode. In this mode, packets in all the queues are sent in order based on the weight value for each queue and every queue can be assured of a certain service time. The weight value indicates the occupied proportion of the resource.
belong to the WRR group and the weight value ratio of TC0, TC1 and TC2 is 1:2:4. In this way, when scheduling queues, the switch allows TC3 to occupy the whole bandwidth following the SP mode and the TC0, TC1 and TC2 in the WRR group will take up the bandwidth according to their ratio 1:2:4. 4. Equ-Mode: Equal-Mode. In this mode, all the queues occupy the bandwidth equally. The weight value ratio of all the queues is 1:1:1:1.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Priority Config UNIT:1/LAGS: Select: Port: Click 1 to configure the physical ports. Click LAGS to configure the link aggregation groups. Select the desired port to configure its priority. It is multi-optional. Displays the physical port number of the switch. Priority: Specify the priority for the port. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to.
SP+WRR-Mode: Strict-Priority + Weight Round Robin Mode. In this mode, this switch provides two scheduling groups, SP group and WRR group. Queues in SP group and WRR group are scheduled strictly based on strict-priority mode while the queues inside WRR group follow the WRR mode. In SP+WRR mode, TC3 is in the SP group; TC0, TC1 and TC2 belong to the WRR group and the weight value ratio of TC0, TC1 and TC2 is 1:2:4.
Priority and CoS-mapping Config Tag-id/Cos-id: Indicates the precedence level defined by IEEE802.1P and the CoS ID. Queue TC-id: Indicates the priority level of egress queue the packets with tag and CoS-id are mapped to. The priority levels of egress queue are labeled as TC0, TC1, TC2 and TC3. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Configure the mapping relation between the 802.1P priority Tag/CoS and the TC Required. On QoS→DiffServ→802.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: DSCP Priority Config DSCP Priority: Select Enable or Disable DSCP Priority. Priority Level DSCP: Indicates the priority determined by the DS region of IP datagram. It ranges from 0 to 63. Priority Level: Indicates the 802.1P priority the packets with tag are mapped to. The priorities are labeled as TC0 ~ TC3. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Configure the mapping relation between the DSCP priority and 802.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Rate Limit Config UNIT:1/LAGS: Click 1 to configure the physical ports. Click LAGS to configure the link aggregation groups. Select: Select the desired port for Rate configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Ingress Rate (1-1000000Kbps): Configure the bandwidth for receiving packets on the port.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Storm Control Config UNIT:1/LAGS: Click 1 to configure the physical ports. Click LAGS to configure the link aggregation groups. Select: Select the desired port for Storm Control configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Broadcast Mode: Rate Select the broadcast rate mode, kbps or ratio. kbps: Specify the threshold in kbits per second. ratio: Specify the threshold as a percentage of the bandwidth.
Voice VLANs are configured specially for voice data stream. By configuring Voice VLANs and adding the ports with voice devices attached to voice VLANs, you can perform QoS-related configuration for voice data, ensuring the transmission priority of voice data stream and voice quality. OUI Address (Organizationally unique identifier address) The switch can determine whether a received packet is a voice packet by checking its source MAC address.
In practice, the port voice VLAN mode is configured according to the type of packets sent out from voice device and the link type of the port. The following table shows the detailed information. Port Voice VLAN Mode Voice Stream Type TAG voice stream Automatic Mode UNTAG voice stream Manual Mode TAG voice stream UNTAG voice stream Link type of the port and processing mode Untagged: Not supported. Tagged: Supported. The default VLAN of the port cannot be voice VLAN. Untagged: Supported.
Note: Don’t transmit voice stream together with other business packets in the voice VLAN except for some special requirements. The Voice VLAN function can be implemented on Global Config, Port Config and OUI Config pages. 9.3.1 Global Config On this page, you can configure the global parameters of the voice VLAN, including VLAN ID and aging time. Choose the menu QoS→Voice VLAN→Global Config to load the following page.
Choose the menu QoS→Voice VLAN→Port Config to load the following page. Figure 9-13 Port Config Note: To enable voice VLAN function for the LAG member port, please ensure its member state accords with its port mode. If a port is a member port of voice VLAN, changing its port mode to be “Auto” will make the port leave the voice VLAN and will not join the voice VLAN automatically until it receives voice streams.
LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. 9.3.3 OUI Config The switch supports OUI creation and adds the MAC address of the special voice device to the OUI table of the switch. The switch determines whether a received packet is a voice packet by checking its OUI address. The switch analyzes the received packets. If the packets recognized as voice packets, the access port will be automatically added to the Voice VLAN. Choose the menu QoS→Voice VLAN→OUI Config to load the following page.
Configuration Procedure of Voice VLAN: Step Operation Description 1 Configure the link type of the port Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, configure the link type of ports of the voice device. 2 Create VLAN Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, click the Create button to create a VLAN. 3 Add OUI address Optional. On QoS→Voice VLAN→OUI Config page, you can check whether the switch is supporting the OUI template or not. If not, please add the OUI address.
Chapter 10 PoE Note: 1. Only T1500G-10MPS/T1500G10PS supports PoE function. 2. T1500G-10PS only support 802.3af standard, while T1500G-10MPS supports both IEEE 802.3af and IEEE802.3at standard. PoE (Power over Ethernet) technology describes a system to transmit electrical power along with data to remote devices over standard twisted-pair cable in an Ethernet network. It is especially useful for supplying power to IP telephones, wireless LAN access points, cameras and so on.
10.1 PoE Config All the RJ45 ports on the switch can be configured to supply power for the powered devices that comply with IEEE 802.3af and IEEE 802.3at. As the power every port or the system can provide is limited, some attributes should be set to make full use of the power and guarantee the adequate power to the linked PDs.
PoE Status: Select to disable/enable the PoE feature for the corresponding port. If set enable, the corresponding port can supply power to the linked PD (Powered Device). PoE Priority: The priority levels include High, Middle and Low in descending order. When the supply power exceeds the system power limit, the PD linked to the port with lower priority will be disconnected. Power Limit Defines the max power the corresponding port can supply.
Create PoE Profile Profile Name: Enter the name of the profile. PoE Status: Select to the enable/disable PoE feature for the corresponding port. If set enable, the port may supply power to the linked PD (Power Device). PoE Priority: The priority levels include High, Middle and Low in descending order. When the supply power exceeds the system power limit, the PD linked to the port with lower priority will be disconnected. Power Limit: Defines the max power the corresponding port can supply.
Figure 10-3 Time-Range Table The following items are displayed on this screen: Time-Range Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding time-range. Index: Displays the index of the time-range. Time-Range Name: Displays the name of the time-range. Mode: Displays the mode the time-range adopts. The mode can be one or a combination of the following modes: Include/Exclude Holiday, Absolute and Periodic. State Displays active state of the time-range.
The following items are displayed on this screen: Time Range Config Name: Enter the name of the time-range for time identification. Holiday: Select Holiday mode. By default, the mode is Include. Include: The Holiday has no effect on the Time-range, which means the final Time-range will be the intersection of the Absolute Time and Periodic Time. Exclude: The final Time range will be the intersection of the Absolute Time and the Periodic Time, with Holiday excluded.
10.2.3 Holiday Config You can define holidays in this page. The holiday will be excluded from the Time-range you created if the Holiday mode is Exclude. Choose the menu PoE→Time-Range→Holiday Create to load the following page. Figure 10-5 Holiday Configuration The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Holiday Start Date: Specify the start date of the holiday. End Date: Specify the end date of the holiday. Holiday Name: Enter the name of the holiday.
11.1 ACL Config Chapter 11 ACL An ACL may contain a number of rules, and each rule specifies a different package range. Packets are matched in match order. Once a rule is matched, the switch processes the matched packets taking the operation specified in the rule without considering the other rules, which can enhance the performance of the switch. The ACL Config function can be implemented on ACL Summary, ACL Create, MAC ACL, Standard-IP ACL and Extend-IP ACL pages. 11.1.
Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→ACL Create to load the following page. Figure 11-2 ACL Create The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create ACL ACL ID: Enter ACL ID of the ACL you want to create. Rule Order: User Config order is set to be match order in this ACL. 11.1.3 MAC ACL MAC ACLs analyze and process packets based on a series of match conditions, which can be the source MAC addresses and destination MAC addresses carried in the packets.
D-MAC: Enter the destination MAC address contained in the rule. MASK: Enter MAC address mask. If it is set to 1, it must strictly match the address. 11.1.4 Standard-IP ACL Standard-IP ACLs analyze and process data packets based on a series of match conditions, which can be the source IP addresses and destination IP addresses carried in the packets. Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL to load the following page.
Figure 11-5 Create Extend-IP Rule The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Extend-IP ACL ACL ID: Select the desired Extend-IP ACL for configuration. Rule ID: Enter the rule ID. Operation: Select the operation for the switch to process packets which match the rules. Permit: Forward packets. Deny: Discard Packets. S-IP: Enter the source IP address contained in the rule. D-IP: Enter the destination IP address contained in the rule. Mask: Enter IP address mask.
11.2.1 Policy Summary On this page, you can view the ACL and the corresponding operations in the policy. Choose the menu ACL→Policy Config→Policy Summary to load the following page. Figure 11-6 Policy Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: Search Option Select Policy: Select name of the desired policy for view. If you want to delete the desired policy, please click the Delete button. Action Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding policy.
Choose the menu ACL→Policy Config→Action Create to load the following page. Figure 11-8 Action Create The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Action Select Policy: Select the name of the policy. Select ACL: Select the ACL for configuration in the policy. 11.3 ACL Binding ACL Binding function can have the ACL take its effect on a specific port/VLAN. The ACL will take effect only when it is bound to a port/VLAN.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Search Option Show Mode: Select a show mode appropriate to your needs. ACL VLAN-Bind Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding binding ACL. Index: Displays the index of the binding ACL. ACL ID: Displays the ID of the binding ACL. Interface: Displays the port number or VLAN ID bound to the ACL. Direction: Displays the binding direction.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port-Bind Config ACL ID: Select the ID of the ACL you want to bind. Port: Select the number of the port you want to bind. Port-Bind Table Index: Displays the index of the binding ACL. ACL ID: Displays the ID of the binding ACL. Port: Displays the number of the port bound to the corresponding ACL. Direction: Displays the binding direction. 11.3.3 VLAN Binding On this page you can bind an ACL to a VLAN.
Step Operation Description 1 Configure ACL rules Required. On ACL→ACL Config configuration pages, configure ACL rules to match packets. 2 Bind the port/VLAN ACL to the Required. On ACL→ACL Binding configuration pages, bind the ACL to the port/VLAN to make the ACL effective on the corresponding port/VLAN. 11.4 Policy Binding Policy Binding function can have the policy take its effect on a specific port/VLAN. The policy will take effect only when it is bound to a port/VLAN.
Index: Displays the index of the binding policy. Policy Name: Displays the name of the binding policy. Interface: Displays the port number or VLAN ID bound to the policy. Direction: Displays the binding direction. Policy Port-Bind Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding binding policy. Index: Displays the index of the binding policy. Policy Name: Displays the name of the binding policy. Interface: Displays the port number or VLAN ID bound to the policy.
Index: Displays the index of the binding policy. Policy Name: Displays the name of the binding policy. Port: Displays the number of the port bound to the corresponding policy. Direction: Displays the binding direction. 11.4.3 VLAN Binding On this page you can bind a policy to a VLAN. Choose the menu ACL→Policy Binding→VLAN Binding to load the following page.
5 Bind the policy to the port/VLAN Required. On ACL→Policy Binding configuration pages, bind the policy to the port/VLAN to make the policy effective on the corresponding port/VLAN. 11.5 Application Example for ACL Network Requirements 1. The manager of the R&D department can access to the forum of the company and the Internet without any forbiddance. The MAC address of the manager is 00-64-A5-5D-12-C3. 2. The staff of the R&D department cannot access to the Internet but can visit the forum. 3.
Step Operation Description 2 Configure for requirement 2 and 4 On ACL→ACL Config→ACL Create page, create ACL 500. On ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL page, select ACL 500, create Rule 1, configure operation as Deny, configure S-IP as 10.10.70.0 and mask as 255.255.255.0, configure D-IP as 10.10.50.0 and mask as 255.255.255.0. On ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL page, select ACL 500, create Rule 2, configure operation as Deny, configure S-IP as 10.10.70.0 and mask as 255.255.255.0, configure D-IP as 10.
Chapter 12 Network Security Network Security module is to provide the multiple protection measures for the network security, including five submenus: IP-MAC Binding, DHCP Snooping, ARP Inspection, DoS Defend, 802.1X and AAA. Please configure the functions appropriate to your need. 12.1 IP-MAC Binding The IP-MAC Binding function allows you to bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together.
Choose the menu Network Security→IP-MAC Binding→Binding Table to load the following page. Figure 12-1 Binding Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: Search Source: Displays the Source of the entry. • • • • IP Select All: All the bound entries will be displayed. Manual: Only the manually added entries will be displayed. Scanning: Only the entries formed via ARP Scanning will be displayed. Snooping: Only the entries formed via DHCP Snooping will be displayed.
other entries. Note: Among the entries with Critical collision level, the one with the highest Source priority will take effect. 12.1.2 Manual Binding You can manually bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the Port number together in the condition that you have got the related information of the Hosts in the LAN. Choose the menu Network Security→IP-MAC Binding→Manual Binding to load the following page.
IP Address: Displays the IP Address of the Host. MAC Address: Displays the MAC Address of the Host. VLAN ID: Displays the VLAN ID here. Port: Displays the number of port connected to the Host. Protect Type: Displays the Protect Type of the entry. Source: Displays the source of the entry. Collision: Displays the Collision status of the entry. • • Warning: Indicates that the collision may be caused by the MSTP function. Critical: Indicates that the entry has a collision with the other entries.
(2) Since the ARP request packet is broadcasted, all hosts in the LAN can receive it. However, only the Host B recognizes and responds to the request. Host B sends back an ARP reply packet to Host A, with its MAC address carried in the packet. (3) Upon receiving the ARP reply packet, Host A adds the IP address and the corresponding MAC address of Host B to its ARP Table for the further packets forwarding.
Source: Displays the source of the entry. Collision: Displays the Collision status of the entry. • • Warning: Indicates that the collision may be caused by the MSTP function. Critical: Indicates that the entry has a collision with the other entries. 12.2 DHCP Snooping Nowadays, the network is getting larger and more complicated. The amount of the PCs always exceeds that of the assigned IP addresses. The wireless network and the laptops are widely used and the locations of the PCs are always changed.
The most Clients obtain the IP addresses dynamically, which is illustrated in the following figure. Figure 12-6 Interaction between a DHCP client and a DHCP server (1) DHCP-DISCOVER Stage: The Client broadcasts the DHCP-DISCOVER packet to find the DHCP Server.
Administrator can be acquainted with the location of the DHCP Client via Option 82 so as to locate the DHCP Client for fulfilling the security control and account management of Client. The Server supported Option 82 also can set the distribution policy of IP addresses and the other parameters according to the Option 82, providing more flexible address distribution way. Option 82 can contain 255 sub-options at most. If Option 82 is defined, at least a sub-option should be defined.
network from the DHCP Server Cheating Attack by discarding the DHCP response packets on the distrusted port, so as to enhance the network security. 12.2.1 Global Config Choose the menu Network Security→DHCP Snooping→Global Config to load the following page. Figure 12-8 DHCP Snooping The following entries are displayed on this screen: DHCP Snooping Configuration DHCP Snooping: Enable/Disable the DHCP Snooping function globally.
12.2.2 Port Config Choose the menu Network Security→DHCP Snooping→Port Config to load the following page. Figure 12-9 DHCP Snooping DHCP Snooping Port Configuration UNIT:1/LAGS: Click 1 to configure the physical ports. Click LAGS to configure the link aggregation groups. Select: Select your desired multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Trusted Port: Select Enable/Disable the port to be a Trusted Port. Only the Trusted Port can receive the DHCP packets from DHCP servers.
LAG: Displays the LAG to which the port belongs. 12.2.3 Option 82 Config The switch can propagate the control information and the network parameters via the Option 82 field to provide more information for the Host. When the DHCP option 82 feature is enabled on the switch, a host is identified by the switch port through which it connects to the network (in addition to its MAC address). The DHCP option 82 feature is supported only when DHCP snooping is globally enabled.
Circuit ID Customization: Enable or disable the switch to define the Option 82 sub-option Circuit ID field. With Disable selected, configure VLAN ID and port number from which the packet is received as the circuit ID default value. Circuit ID: Enter the sub-option Circuit ID for the customized Option 82 field. Remote ID Customization: Enable or disable the switch to define the Option 82 sub-option Remote ID field.
As the above figure shown, the attacker sends the fake ARP packets with a forged Gateway address to the normal Host, and then the Host will automatically update the ARP table after receiving the ARP packets. When the Host tries to communicate with Gateway, the Host will encapsulate this false destination MAC address for packets, which results in a breakdown of the normal communication.
Figure 12-13 ARP Attack – Cheating Terminal Hosts As the above figure shown, the attacker sends the fake ARP packets of Host A to Host B, and then Host B will automatically update its ARP table after receiving the ARP packets. When Host B tries to communicate with Host A, it will encapsulate this false destination MAC address for packets, which results in a breakdown of the normal communication.
Host B: IP address is 192.168.0.102; MAC address is 00-00-00-22-22-22. Attacker: IP address is 192.168.0.103; MAC address is 00-00-00-33-33-33. 1. First, the attacker sends the false ARP response packets. 2. Upon receiving the ARP response packets, Host A and Host B updates the ARP table of their own. 3. When Host A communicates with Host B, it will send the packets to the false destination MAC address, i.e. to the attacker, according to the updated ARP table. 4.
Choose the menu Network Security→ARP Inspection→ARP Detect to load the following page. Figure 12-15 ARP Detect The following entries are displayed on this screen: ARP Detect ARP Detect: Enable/Disable the ARP Detect function, and click the Apply button to apply. Trusted Port Trusted Port: Select the port for which the ARP Detect function is unnecessary as the Trusted Port. The specific ports, such as up-linked port, routing port and LAG port, should be set as Trusted Port.
Step 4 Operation Description Enable ARP Detect feature. Required. On the Network Security→ARP Inspection→ARP Detect page, enable the ARP Detect feature. 12.3.2 ARP Defend With the ARP Defend enabled, the switch can terminate receiving the ARP packets for 300 seconds when the transmission speed of the legal ARP packet on the port exceeds the defined value so as to avoid ARP Attack flood. Choose the menu Network Security→ARP Inspection→ARP Defend to load the following page.
12.3.3 ARP Statistics ARP Statistics feature displays the number of the illegal ARP packets received on each port, which facilitates you to locate the network malfunction and take the related protection measures. Choose the menu Network Security→ARP Inspection→ARP Statistics to load the following page. Figure 12-17 ARP Statistics The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the Auto Refresh feature.
With DoS Defend function enabled, the switch can analyze the specific fields of the IP packets and distinguish the malicious DoS attack packets. Upon detecting the packets, the switch will discard the illegal packets directly and limit the transmission rate of the legal packets if the over legal packets may incur a breakdown of the network. The switch can defend several types of DoS attack listed in the following table.
DoS Attack Type Description packets to the TCP port139 (NetBIOS) of the Host with the Operation System bugs, which will cause the Host with a blue screen. Smurf Attack By pretending to be a Host, the attacker broadcasts request packets for ICMP response in the LAN. When receiving the request packet, all the Hosts in the LAN will respond and send the reply packets to the actual Host, which will causes this Host to be attacked.
Defend Table Select: Select the entry to enable the corresponding Defend Type. Defend Type: Displays the Defend Type name. 12.5 802.1X The 802.1X protocol was developed by IEEE802 LAN/WAN committee to deal with the security issues of wireless LANs. It was then used in Ethernet as a common access control mechanism for LAN ports to solve mainly authentication and security problems. 802.1X is a port-based network access control protocol.
IEEE 802.1X authentication system uses EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) to exchange information between the supplicant system and the authentication server. 1. EAP protocol packets transmitted between the supplicant system and the authenticator system are encapsulated as EAPOL packets. 2.
Figure 12-20 EAP-MD5 Authentication Procedure (1) A supplicant system launches an 802.1X client program via its registered user name and password to initiate an access request through the sending of an EAPOL-Start packet to the switch. The 802.1X client program then forwards the packet to the switch to start the authentication process. (2) Upon receiving the authentication request packet, the switch sends EAP-Request/Identity packet to ask the 802.1X client program for the user name. an (3) The 802.
(8) The supplicant system can also terminate the authenticated state by sending EAPOL-Logoff packets to the switch. The switch then changes the port state from accepted to rejected. 2. EAP Terminating Mode In this mode, packet transmission is terminated at authenticator systems and the EAP packets are mapped into RADIUS packets. Authentication and accounting are accomplished through RADIUS protocol. In this mode, PAP or CHAP is employed between the switch and the RADIUS server.
Guest VLAN Guest VLAN function enables the supplicants that do not pass the authentication to access the specific network resource. By default, all the ports connected to the supplicants belong to a VLAN, i.e. Guest VLAN. Users belonging to the Guest VLAN can access the resources of the Guest VLAN without being authenticated. But they need to be authenticated before accessing external resources.
Choose the menu Network Security→802.1X→Global Config to load the following page. Figure 12-22 Global Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config 802.1X: Enable/Disable the 802.1X function. Auth Method: Select the Authentication Method from the pull-down list. • • Handshake: EAP: EAP relay mode. IEEE 802.1X authentication system uses extensible authentication protocol (EAP) to exchange information between the switch and the client.
Guest VLAN: Enable/Disable the Guest VLAN feature. Guest VLAN ID: Enter your desired VLAN ID to enable the Guest VLAN feature. The supplicants in the Guest VLAN can access the specified network source. Authentication Config Quiet: Enable/Disable the Quiet timer. Quiet Period: Specify a value for Quiet Period. Once the supplicant failed to the 802.1X Authentication, then the switch will not respond to the authentication request from the same supplicant during the Quiet Period.
Control Mode: Specify the Control Mode for the port. Auto: In this mode, the port will normally work only after passing the 802.1X Authentication. • Force-Authorized: In this mode, the port can work normally without passing the 802.1X Authentication. • Force-Unauthorized: In this mode, the port is forbidden working for its fixed unauthorized status. • Control Type: Specify the Control Type for the port. MAC Based: Any client connected to the port should pass the 802.1X Authentication for access.
3. The 802.1X function should not be enabled for the port connected to the authentication server. 12.6 AAA Overview AAA stands for authentication, authorization and accounting. This feature is used to authenticate users trying to log in to the switch or trying to access the administrative level privilege. Username and password pairs are used for login and privilege authentication. The authentication can be processed locally in the switch or centrally in the RADIUS/TACACS+ server(s).
The switch has two built-in authentication server group, one for RADIUS and the other for TACACS+. These two server groups cannot be deleted, and the user-defined RADIUS/TACACS+ server will join these two server groups automatically. 12.6.1 Global Config This page is used to enable/disable the AAA function globally. Choose the menu Network Security→AAA→Global Conifg to load the following page. Figure 12-24 AAA Global Config Configuration Procedure Click Enable to enable the AAA function globally.
Choose the menu Network Security→AAA→RADIUS Conifg to load the following page. Figure 12-26 RADIUS Server Config Configuration Procedure Configure the RADIUS server’s IP and other relevant parameters under the Server Config. View, edit and delete the configured RADIUS servers in the Server list. Entry Description Server IP: Enter the IP of the server running the RADIUS secure protocol. Shared Key: Enter the shared key between the RADIUS server and the switch.
Choose the menu Network Security→AAA→TACACS+ Conifg to load the following page. Figure 12-27 TACACS+ Server Config Configuration Procedure Configure the TACACS+ server’s IP and other relevant parameters under the Server Config. View, edit and delete the configured TACACS+ servers in the Server list. Entry Description Server IP: Enter the IP of the server running the TACACS+ secure protocol. Shared Key: Enter the shared key between the TACACS+ server and the switch.
Choose the menu Network Security→AAA→Server Group to load the following page. Figure 12-28 Create New Server Group Figure 12-29 Add Server to Server Group Configuration Procedure 1) Configure the Server Group name and Server Type to create a server group. 2) Click edit in the Server Group List to configure the corresponding server group. 3) Select Server IP you have previously created and click add to add the server to the server group.
12.6.6 Authentication Method List Config Before you configure AAA authentication on a certain application, you should define an authentication method list first. An authentication method list describes the sequence and authentication method to be queried to authenticate a user. The switch uses the first method listed to authenticate users, if that method fails to respond, the switch selects the next authentication method in the method list.
View and delete the configured method priority list in the Authentication Login Method List and Authentication Enable Method List. . Entry Description Method List Name: Define a method list name. List Type: Specify the authentication type as Login or Enable. Login stands for the Authentication Login Method List, and Enable stands for the Authentication Enable Method list. Pri1, Pri2, Pri3, Pri4: Specify the authentication methods in order.
3) Configure the authentication method list from the Enable List drop-down menu. Thisoption defines the authentication method for users requiring the administrator privilege. Entry Description: Module: Lists of the configurable applications on the switch. Login List: Configure an application for the login utilizing a previously configured method list. Enable List: Configure an application to promote the user level to admin-level users utilizing a previously configured method list. 12.6.8 802.
The Authentication Login Method List contains local by default, and the default login username and passwords are both admin. The Authentication Enable Method List is empty by default, which means users can prompt to administrator privilege without password. The application console/telnet/ssh/http use the default Login List and default Enable list by default. The 802.1X authentication uses the radius server group by default. The 802.1X accounting uses the radius server group by default.
SNMP Overview Chapter 13 SNMP SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) has gained the most extensive application on the UDP/IP networks. SNMP provides a management frame to monitor and maintain the network devices. It is used for automatically managing the various network devices no matter the physical differences of the devices. Currently, the most network management systems are based on SNMP.
SNMP Versions This switch supports SNMP v3, and is compatible with SNMP v1 and SNMP v2c. The SNMP versions adopted by SNMP Management Station and SNMP Agent should be the same. Otherwise, SNMP Management Station and SNMP Agent cannot communicate with each other normally. You can select the management mode with proper security level according to your actual application requirement. SNMP v1: SNMP v1 adopts Community Name authentication.
SNMP Management Station by configuring its view type (included/excluded). The OID of managed object can be found on the SNMP client program running on the SNMP Management Station. 2. Create SNMP Group After creating the SNMP View, it’s required to create a SNMP Group. The Group Name, Security Model and Security Level compose the identifier of the SNMP Group. The Groups with these three items the same are considered to be the same.
Local Engine Local Engine ID: Specify the switch’s Engine ID for the remote clients. The Engine ID is a unique alphanumeric string used to identify the SNMP engine on the switch. Remote Engine Remote Engine ID: Specify the Remote Engine ID for switch. The Engine ID is a unique alphanumeric string used to identify the SNMP engine on the remote device which receives traps and informs from switch. Note: The amount of Engine ID characters must be even. 13.1.
View Type: Select the type for the view entry. • • Include: The view entry can be managed by the SNMP management station. Exclude: The view entry cannot be managed by the SNMP management station. View Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding view. All the entries of a View will be deleted together. View Name: Displays the name of the View entry. View Type: Displays the type of the View entry. MIB Object ID: Displays the OID of the View entry. 13.1.
• Security Level: v3: SNMPv3 is defined for the group. In this model, the USM mechanism is used for authentication. If SNMPv3 is enabled, the Security Level field is enabled for configuration. Select the Security Level for the SNMP v3 Group. • • • Community Name is used for authentication. SNMP v2c can be configured on the SNMP Community page directly. noAuthNoPriv: No authentication and no privacy security level is used. authNoPriv: Only the authentication security level is used.
13.1.4 SNMP User The User in a SNMP Group can manage the switch via the management station software. The User and its Group have the same security level and access right. You can configure the SNMP User on this page. Choose the menu SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP User to load the following page. Figure 13-6 SNMP User The following entries are displayed on this screen: User Config User Name: Enter the User Name here. User Type: Select the type for the User.
• • Privacy Password: None: No privacy method is used. DES: DES encryption method is used. Enter the Privacy Password. User Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding User. It is multi-optional. User Name: Displays the name of the User. User Type: Displays the User Type. Group Name: Displays the Group Name of the User. Security Model: Displays the Security Model of the User. Security Level: Displays the Security Level of the User.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Community Config Community Name: Enter the Community Name here. Access: Defines the access rights of the community. • • MIB View: read-only: Management right of the Community is restricted to read-only, and changes cannot be made to the corresponding View. read-write: Management right of the Community is read-write and changes can be made to the corresponding View. Select the MIB View for the community to access.
Step Operation Description 4 Create SNMP User. Required. On the SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP User page, create SNMP User in the Group and configure the auth/privacy mode and auth/privacy password for the User. If SNMPv1 or SNMPv2c is employed, please take the following steps: Step Operation Description 1 Enable SNMP function globally. Required. On the SNMP→SNMP Config→Global Config page, enable SNMP function globally. 2 Create SNMP View. Required.
13.2 Notification With the Notification function enabled, the switch can initiatively report to the management station about the important events that occur on the Views (e.g., the managed device is rebooted), which allows the management station to monitor and process the events in time. The notification information includes the following two types: Trap：Trap is the information that the managed device initiatively sends to the Network management station without request.
Type: Select the type for the notifications. • • Trap: Indicates traps are sent. Inform: Indicates informs are sent. The Inform type has a higher security than the Trap type. Retry: Specify the amount of times the switch resends an inform request. The switch will resend the inform request if it doesn’t get the response from the management station during the Timeout interval, and it will terminate resending the inform request if the resending times reach the specified Retry times.
monitor network at any time effectively. RMON is helpful for network administrator to manage the large-scale network since it reduces the communication traffic between management station and managed agent. RMON Group This switch supports the following four RMON Groups defined on the RMON standard (RFC1757): History Group, Event Group, Statistic Group and Alarm Group.
Port: Enter or choose the Ethernet interface from which to collect the statistics. Owner: Enter the owner name. Status: Choose the status of statistics entry. • • valid: The entry exists and is valid. underCreation: The entry exists, but is not valid. Statistics Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding statistics entry. It's multi-optional. ID: Displays the ID number of the statistics entry. Port: Displays the Ethernet interface from which to collect the statistics.
Index: Displays the index number of the entry. Port: Specify the port from which the history samples were taken. Interval: Specify the interval to take samplings from the port. Max Buckets: Displays the maximum number of buckets desired for the RMON history group of statistics, ranging from 1 to 130. The default is 50 buckets. 130 buckets supported at most so far. Owner: Enter the name of the device or user that defined the entry. Status: Select Enable/Disable the corresponding sampling entry.
• • Notify: Sending trap messages to the management station. Log&Notify: Logging the event and sending trap messages to the management station. Owner: Enter the name of the device or user that defined the entry. Status: Select Enable/Disable the corresponding event entry. 13.3.4 Alarm On this page, you can configure Statistic Group and Alarm Group for RMON. Choose the menu SNMP→RMON→Alarm to load the following page.
Threshold. Falling Threshold: Enter the falling counter value that triggers the Falling Threshold alarm. Falling Event: Select the index of the corresponding event which will be triggered if the sampled value is lower than the Falling Threshold. Alarm Type: Specify the type of the alarm. • • • All: The alarm event will be triggered either the sampled value exceeds the Rising Threshold or is under the Falling Threshold.
Chapter 14 LLDP LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) is a Layer 2 protocol that is used for network devices to advertise their own device information periodically to neighbors on the same IEEE 802 local area network. The advertised information, including details such as device identification, capabilities and configuration settings, is represented in TLV (Type/Length/Value) format according to the IEEE 802.1ab standard, and these TLVs are encapsulated in LLDPDU (Link Layer Discovery Protocol Data Unit).
The transmission and the reception of LLDPDUs can be separately enabled for every port, making it possible to configure an implementation to restrict the port either to transmit only or receive only, or to allow the port to both transmit and receive LLDPDUs. Four LLDP admin statuses are supported by each port. Tx&Rx: the port can both transmit and receive LLDPDUs. Rx_Only: the port can receive LLDPDUs only. Tx_Only: the port can transmit LLDPDUs only.
The following table shows the details about the currently defined TLVs. TLV type TLV Name Description Usage in 0 End of LLDPDU Mark the end of the TLV sequence in LLDPDUs. Any information following an End Of LLDPDU TLV shall be ignored. Mandatory 1 Chassis ID Identifies the Chassis connected device. the Mandatory 2 Port ID Identifies the specific port that transmitted the LLDP frame.
Different organizations have defined various TLVs. For instance, Port VLAN ID TLV, Port and Protocol VLAN ID TLV, VLAN Name TLV And Protocol Identity TLV are defined by IEEE 802.1, while MAC/PHY Configuration/Status TLV, Power Via MDI TLV, Link Aggregation TLV and Maximum Frame TLV are defined by IEEE 802.3. Some specific TLVs are for LLDP-MED protocol, such as LLDP-MED Capabilities TLV, Network Policy TLV, Extended Power-via-MDI TLV, Hardware Revision TLV and so on.
Note: For detailed introduction of TLV, please refer to IEEE 802.1AB standard and ANSI/TIA-1057. In TP-Link switch, the following LLDP optional TLVs are supported. Port Description TLV The Port Description TLV allows network management to advertise the IEEE 802 LAN station's port description. System Capabilities TLV The System Capabilities TLV identifies the primary functions of the system and whether or not these primary functions are enabled.
Max Frame Size TLV The Maximum Frame Size TLV indicates the maximum frame size capability of the implemented MAC and PHY. Power Via MDI TLV The Power Via MDI TLV allows network management to advertise and discover the MDI power support capabilities of the sending IEEE 802.3 LAN station. The LLDP module is mainly for LLDP function configuration of the switch, including three submenus: Basic Config, Device Info, Device Statistics and LLDP-MED. 14.
Transmit Delay: Enter a value from 1 to 8192 in seconds to specify the time for the local device to transmit LLDPDU to its neighbors after changes occur so as to prevent LLDPDU being sent frequently. The default value is 2. Reinit Delay: This parameter indicates the amount of delay from when LLDP status becomes "disable" until re-initialization will be attempted. The default value is 3.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: LLDP Port Config Port Select: Select the desired port to configure. Admin Status: Select the port’s LLDP operating mode: Tx&Rx: send and receive LLDP frames. Rx_Only: Only receive LLDP frames. Tx_Only: Only send LLDP frames. Disable: neither send nor receive LLDP frames. Notification Mode: Allows you to enable or disable the ports' SNMP notification. If enabled, the local device will notify the trap event to SNMP server.
Figure 14-3 LLDP Local Information The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the auto refresh function. Refresh Rate: Specify the auto refresh rate. Local Info Select the desired port number to display the information of the corresponding port. Local Interface: Display local port number. Chassis ID Subtype: Indicate the basis for the chassis ID, and the default subtype is MAC address.
TTL: Indicate the number of seconds that the recipient LLDP agent is to regard the information associated with this chassis ID and port ID identifier to be valid. Port Description: Display local port's description. System Name: Indicate local device's administratively assigned name. System Description: Display local device's system description. System Capabilities Supported: Display the supported function of the local device.
Neighbor Info Port Select: Select one port to display its neighbor information. System Name: Displays the system name of the neighbor device. Chassis ID: Displays the Chassis ID of the neighbor device. System Description: Displays the system description of the neighbor device. Neighbor Port: Displays the port number of the neighbor linking to local port. Information: Click Information to display the detailed information of the neighbor device.
Refresh Rate: Specify the auto refresh rate. Global Statistics Last Update: Displays latest update time of the statistics. Total Inserts: Displays the number of neighbors inserted till last update time. Total Deletes: Displays the number of neighbors deleted by local device. Total Drops: Displays the number of neighbors dropped by local device. Total Ageouts: Displays the number of overtime neighbors in local device.
Communication Device Endpoint (Class III): The class of Endpoint Device that directly supports end users of the IP communication system. Network Policy TLV The Network Policy TLV allows both Network Connectivity Devices and Endpoints to advertise VLAN configuration and associated Layer 2 and Layer 3 attributes that apply for a set of specific applications on that port.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: LLDP-MED Parameters Config Fast Start Count: When LLDP-MED fast start mechanism is activated, multiple LLDP-MED frames will be transmitted based on this parameter. Device Class: LLDP-MED devices are comprised of two primary device types: Network Connectivity Devices and Endpoint Devices. In turn, Endpoint Devices are composed of three defined Classes: Class I, Class II and Class III. Bridge is a Network Connectivity Device. 14.4.
Included TLVs Select TLVs to be included in outgoing LLDPDU. Location Identification Parameters Configure the Location Identification TLV's content in outgoing LLDPDU of the port. Emergency Number: Emergency number is Emergency Call Service ELIN identifier, which is used during emergency call setup to a traditional CAMA or ISDN trunk-based PSAP.
Choose the menu LLDP→LLDP-MED→Local Info to load the following page. Figure 14-8 LLDP-MED Local Information The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the auto refresh function. Refresh Rate: Specify the auto refresh rate. LLDP-MED Local Info Select the local port number to display its LLDP information. 14.4.4 Neighbor Info On this page you can get the LLDP-MED information of the neighbors.
Choose the menu LLDP→LLDP-MED→Neighbor Info to load the following page. Figure 14-9 LLDP-MED Neighbor Information The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the auto refresh function. Refresh Rate: Specify the auto refresh rate. Neighbor Info Device Type: Displays the device type of the neighbor. Application Type: Displays the application type of the neighbor.
Chapter 15 Maintenance Maintenance module, assembling the commonly used system tools to manage the switch, provides the convenient method to locate and solve the network problem. （1） System Monitor: Monitor the utilization status of the memory and the CPU of switch. （2） Log: View the configuration parameters of the switch and find out the errors via the Logs. （3） Device Diagnostics: Cable Test tests the connection status of the cable to locate and diagnoses the trouble spot of the network.
Figure 15-1 CPU Monitor Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its CPU utilization rate every four seconds. 15.1.2 Memory Monitor Choose the menu Maintenance→System Monitor→Memory Monitor to load the following page.
Figure 15-2 Memory Monitor Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its Memory utilization rate every four seconds. 15.2 Log The Log system of switch can record, classify and manage the system information effectively, providing powerful support for network administrator to monitor network operation and diagnose malfunction. The Logs of switch are classified into the following eight levels. Severity Level Description emergencies 0 The system is unusable.
Table 15-1 Log Level The Log function is implemented on the Log Table, Local Log, Remote Log and Backup Log pages. 15.2.1 Log Table The switch supports logs output to two directions, namely, log buffer and log file. The information in log buffer will be lost after the switch is rebooted or powered off whereas the information in log file will be kept effective even the switch is rebooted or powered off. Log Table displays the system log information in log buffer.
Note: 3. The logs are classified into eight levels based on severity. The higher the information severity is, the lower the corresponding level is. 4. This page displays logs in the log buffer, and at most 1024 logs are displayed. 15.2.2 Local Log Local Log is the log information saved in switch. By default, all system logs are saved in log buffer and the logs with severities from level_0 to level_2 are saved in log file meanwhile. On this page, you can set the output channel for logs.
Choose the menu Maintenance→Log→Remote Log to load the following page. Figure 15-5 Log Host The following entries are displayed on this screen: Log Host Index: Displays the index of the log host. The switch supports 4 log hosts. Host IP: Configure the IP for the log host. UDP Port: Displays the UDP port used for receiving/sending log information. Here we use the standard port 514. Severity: Specify the severity level of the log information sent to each log host.
The following entry is displayed on this screen: Backup Log Backup Log: Click the Backup Log button to save the log as a file to your computer. Note: It will take a few minutes to backup the log file. Please wait without any operation. 15.3 Device Diagnostics This switch provides Cable Test and Loopback functions for device diagnose. 15.3.
Length: If the connection status is normal, here displays the length range of the cable. Error: If the connection status is close, open or impedance, here displays the error length of the cable. Note: 1. The Length displayed here is the length of pair cable not that of the physical cable. 2. The test result is just for your reference. 15.4 Network Diagnostics This switch provides Ping test and Tracert test functions for network Diagnostics. 15.4.
15.4.2 Tracert Tracert test function is used to test the connectivity of the gateways during its journey from the source to destination of the test data. When malfunctions occur to the network, you can locate trouble spot of the network with this tracert test. Choose the menu Maintenance→Network Diagnostics→Tracert to load the following page. Figure 15-9 Tracert The following entries are displayed on this screen: Tracert Config Destination IP: Enter the IP address of the destination device.
Appendix A: Specifications Standards T1500G-10MPS: IEEE802.3i, IEEE802.3u, IEEE802.3ab, IEEE802.3z, IEEE802.3ad, IEEE802.3af, IEEE802.3at, IEEE802.3x, IEEE802.1p, IEEE802.1q, IEEE802.1x, IEEE802.1d, IEEE802.1s, IEEE802.1w T1500G-8T: IEEE802.3i, IEEE802.3u,IEEE802.3ab, IEEE802.3ad, IEEE802.3af, IEEE802.3x, IEEE802.1p, IEEE802.1q, IEEE802.1d, IEEE802.1x, IEEE802.1s, IEEE802.1w T1500G-10PS: IEEE802.3i, IEEE802.3u, IEEE802.3ab, IEEE802.3z, IEEE802.3ad, IEEE802.3af, IEEE802.3x, IEEE802.1p, IEEE802.1q, IEEE802.
1000Base-LX MMF or SMF SFP Module (T1500G-10MPS/ T1500G-10PS) 1000Base-LX10 SMF SFP Module (T1500G-10MPS/ T1500G-10PS) 1000Base-BX10 SMF SFP Module (T1500G-10MPS/ T1500G-10PS) LED Transmission Method Packets Forwarding Rate T1500G-10MPS: PWR, SYS, PoE MAX, FAN, Speed or PoE, SFP1, SFP2, PoE, Speed T1500G-8T: Power, System, 1-8 T1500G-10PS: Power, System, PoE Max, SFP1, SFP2, Link/Act, PoE Status Store and Forward 10Base-T：14881pps/port 100Base-X：148810pps/port 1000Base-T：1488095pps/port 1000Ba
Appendix B: Glossary Boot Protocol (BOOTP) BOOTP is used to provide bootup information for network devices, including IP address information, the address of the TFTP server that contains the devices system files, and the name of the boot file. Class of Service (CoS) CoS is supported by prioritizing packets based on the required level of service, and then placing them in the appropriate output queue.
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) A protocol through which hosts can register with their local router for multicast services. If there is more than one multicast switch/router on a given subnetwork, one of the devices is made the “querier” and assumes responsibility for keeping track of group membership. IGMP Snooping Listening to IGMP Query and IGMP Report packets transferred between IP Multicast routers and IP Multicast host groups to identify IP Multicast group members.
Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS) RADIUS is a logon authentication protocol that uses software running on a central server to control access to RADIUS-compliant devices on the network. Remote Monitoring (RMON) RMON provides comprehensive network monitoring capabilities. It eliminates the polling required in standard SNMP, and can set alarms on a variety of traffic conditions, including specific error types.
