TL-SG3210/TL-SG3216/TL-SG3424 JetStream L2 Managed Switch REV1.1.
COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKS Specifications are subject to change without notice. is a registered trademark of TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Other brands and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. No part of the specifications may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative such as translation, transformation, or adaptation without permission from TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Copyright © 2013 TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Safety Information z z z When product has power button, the power button is one of the way to shut off the product; When there is no power button, the only way to completely shut off power is to disconnect the product or the power adapter from the power source. Don’t disassemble the product, or make repairs yourself. You run the risk of electric shock and voiding the limited warranty. If you need service, please contact us. Avoid water and wet locations.
CONTENTS Package Contents ..........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 About this Guide...........................................................................................................2 1.1 Intended Readers .........................................................................................................2 1.2 Conventions.................................................................................
4.4.2 SSL Config.......................................................................................................23 4.4.3 SSH Config ......................................................................................................24 Chapter 5 Switching....................................................................................................................30 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Port .....................................................................................................
7.1 STP Config .................................................................................................................81 7.1.1 STP Config.......................................................................................................81 7.1.2 STP Summary..................................................................................................83 7.2 Port Config..................................................................................................................83 7.
9.3.1 Global Config .................................................................................................125 9.3.2 Port Config .....................................................................................................125 9.3.3 OUI Config .....................................................................................................127 Chapter 10 ACL ..........................................................................................................................
11.4.1 Global Config .................................................................................................166 11.4.2 Port Config .....................................................................................................168 11.4.3 Radius Server ................................................................................................169 Chapter 12 SNMP.......................................................................................................................
14.3 14.4 14.2.3 Remote Log ...................................................................................................206 14.2.4 Backup Log ....................................................................................................207 Device Diagnose.......................................................................................................208 14.3.1 Cable Test ......................................................................................................208 14.3.
Package Contents The following items should be found in your box: ¾ One JetStream L2 Managed Switch ¾ One power cord ¾ One console cable ¾ Two mounting brackets and other fittings ¾ Installation Guide ¾ Resource CD for TL-SG3210/TL-SG3216/TL-SG3424 switch, including: • This User Guide • Other Helpful Information Note: Make sure that the package contains the above items. If any of the listed items are damaged or missing, please contact your distributor.
Chapter 1 About this Guide This User Guide contains information for setup and management of TL-SG3210/TL-SG3216/ TL-SG3424 JetStream L2 Managed Switch. Please read this guide carefully before operation. 1.1 Intended Readers This Guide is intended for network managers familiar with IT concepts and network terminologies. 1.2 Conventions In this Guide the following conventions are used: ¾ The switch or device mentioned in this Guide stands for JetStream L2 Managed Switch without any explanation.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 4 System This module is used to configure system properties of the switch. Here mainly introduces: z System Info: Configure the description, system time and network parameters of the switch. z User Manage: Configure the user name and password for users to log on to the Web management page with a certain access level. z System Tools: Manage the configuration file of the switch.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 9 QoS This module is used to configure QoS function to provide different quality of service for various network applications and requirements. Here mainly introduces: z DiffServ: Configure priorities, port priority, 802.1P priority and DSCP priority. z Bandwidth Control: Configure rate limit feature to control the traffic rate on each port; configure storm control feature to filter broadcast, multicast and UL frame in the network.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 14 Maintenance This module is used to assemble the commonly used system tools to manage the switch. Here mainly introduces: z System Monitor: Monitor the memory and CPU of the switch. z Log: View configuration parameters on the switch. z Device Diagnose: Test the connection status of the cable connected to the switch, test if the port of the switch and the connected device are available.
Chapter 2 Introduction Thanks for choosing the TL-SG3210/TL-SG3216/TL-SG3424 JetStream L2 Managed Switch! 2.1 Overview of the Switch Designed for workgroups and departments, TL-SG3210/TL-SG3216/TL-SG3424 from TP-LINK provides wire-speed performance and full set of layer 2 management features. It provides a variety of service features and multiple powerful functions with high security.
2.3 Appearance Description 2.3.1 Front Panel Figure 2-1 Front Panel The following parts are located on the front panel of the switch: ¾ 10/100/1000Mbps Ports: Designed to connect to the device with a bandwidth of 10Mbps, 100Mbps or 1000Mbps. Each has a corresponding 1000Mbps LED. ¾ SFP Ports: Designed to install the SFP module. TL-SG3216/TL-SG3424 switch features some SFP transceiver slots that are shared with the associated RJ45 ports.
2.3.2 Rear Panel The rear panel of the switch features a power socket and a Grounding Terminal (marked with ). Figure 2-2 Rear Panel ¾ Grounding Terminal: The switch already comes with Lightning Protection Mechanism. You can also ground the switch through the PE (Protecting Earth) cable of AC cord or with Ground Cable. ¾ AC Power Socket: Connect the female connector of the power cord here, and the male connector to the AC power outlet.
Chapter 3 Login to the Switch 3.1 Login 1) To access the configuration utility, open a web-browser and type in the default address http://192.168.0.1 in the address field of the browser, then press the Enter key. Figure 3-1 Web-browser Tips: To log in to the switch, the IP address of your PC should be set in the same subnet addresses of the switch. The IP address is 192.168.0.x ("x" is any number from 2 to 254), Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0.
Figure 3-3 Main Setup-Menu Note: Clicking Apply can only make the new configurations effective before the switch is rebooted. If you want to keep the configurations effective even the switch is rebooted, please click Saving Config. You are suggested to click Saving Config before cutting off the power or rebooting the switch to avoid losing the new configurations.
Chapter 4 System The System module is mainly for system configuration of the switch, including four submenus: System Info, User Manage, System Tools and Access Security. 4.1 System Info The System Info, mainly for basic properties configuration, can be implemented on System Summary, Device Description, System Time, Daylight Saving Time and System IP pages. 4.1.1 System Summary On this page you can view the port connection status and the system information.
Indicates the SFP port is not connected to a device. Indicates the SFP port is at the speed of 1000Mbps. Indicates the SFP port is at the speed of 100Mbps. When the cursor moves on the port, the detailed information of the port will be displayed. Figure 4-2 Port Information ¾ Port Info Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Type: Displays the type of the port. Rate: Displays the maximum transmission rate of the port. Status: Displays the connection status of the port.
¾ Bandwidth Utilization Rx: Select Rx to display the bandwidth utilization of receiving packets on this port. Tx: Select Tx to display the bandwidth utilization of sending packets on this port. 4.1.2 Device Description On this page you can configure the description of the switch, including device name, device location and system contact. Choose the menu System→System Info→Device Description to load the following page.
Figure 4-5 System Time The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Time Info Current System Date: Displays the current date and time of the switch. Current Time Source: Displays the current time Source of the switch. Time Config Manual: When this option is selected, you can set the date and time manually. Get time from NTP Server: When this option is selected, you can configure the time zone and the IP Address for the NTP server.
4.1.4 Daylight Saving Time Here you can configure the Daylight Saving Time of the switch. Choose the menu System→System Info→Daylight Saving Time to load the following page. Figure 4-6 Daylight Saving Time The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ DST Config DST Status: Enable or disable the DST. Predefined Mode: Select a predefined DST configuration. z z z z Recurring Mode: USA: First Sunday in April, 02:00 ~ Last Sunday in October, 02:00.
Date Mode: Specify the DST configuration in Date mode. This configuration is one-off in use. z z Offset: Specify the time adding in minutes when Daylight Saving Time comes. Start/End Time: Select starting time and ending time of Daylight Saving Time. Note: 1. When disable the DST, the predefined mode, recurring mode and date mode cannot be configured. 2. When enable the DST, the default daylight saving time is of European in predefined mode. 4.1.
Subnet Mask: Enter the subnet mask of the switch. Default Gateway: Enter the default gateway of the switch. Note: 1. Changing the IP address to a different IP segment will interrupt the network communication, so please keep the new IP address in the same IP segment with the local network. 2. The switch only possesses an IP address. The IP address configured will replace the original IP address. 3.
Figure 4-9 User Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ User Info User Name: Create a name for users’ login. Access Level: Select the access level to login. z z ¾ Admin: Admin can edit, modify and view all the settings of different functions. Guest: Guest only can view the settings without the right to edit and modify. User Status: Select Enable/Disable the user configuration. Password: Type a password for users’ login. Confirm Password: Retype the password.
4.3 System Tools The System Tools function, allowing you to manage the configuration file of the switch, can be implemented on Config Restore, Config Backup, Firmware Upgrade, System Reboot and System Reset pages. 4.3.1 Config Restore On this page you can upload a backup configuration file to restore your switch to this previous configuration. Choose the menu System→System Tools→Config Restore to load the following page.
Figure 4-11 Config Backup The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Config Backup Backup Config: Click the Backup Config button to save the current configuration as a file to your computer. You are suggested to take this measure before upgrading. Note: It will take a few minutes to backup the configuration. Please wait without any operation. 4.3.3 Firmware Upgrade The switch system can be upgraded via the Web management page.
4. After upgrading, the device will reboot automatically. 5. You are suggested to backup the configuration before upgrading. 4.3.4 System Reboot On this page you can reboot the switch and return to the login page. Please save the current configuration before rebooting to avoid losing the configuration unsaved Choose the menu System→System Tools→System Reboot to load the following page. Figure 4-13 System Reboot Note: To avoid damage, please don't turn off the device while rebooting. 4.3.
Figure 4-15 Access Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Access Control Config Control Mode: Select the control mode for users to log on to the Web management page. z z z IP-based: Select this option to limit the IP-range of the users for login. MAC-based: Select this option to limit the MAC Address of the users for login. Port-based: Select this option to limit the ports for login.
¾ Session Config Session Timeout: ¾ If you do nothing with the Web management page within the timeout time, the system will log out automatically. If you want to reconfigure, please login again. Access User Number Number Control； Select Enable/Disable the Number Control function. Admin Number: Enter the maximum number of the users logging on to the Web management page as Admin. Guest Number: Enter the maximum number of the users logging on to the Web management page as Guest. 4.4.
Figure 4-16 SSL Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Global Config SSL: ¾ Certificate Download Certificate File: ¾ Select Enable/Disable the SSL function on the switch. Select the desired certificate to download to the switch. The certificate must be BASE64 encoded. Key Download Key File: Select the desired SSL Key to download to the switch. The key must be BASE64 encoded. Note: 1.
an insecure network environment. It can encrypt all the transmission data and prevent the information in a remote management being leaked. Comprising server and client, SSH has two versions, V1 and V2 which are not compatible with each other. In the communication, SSH server and client can auto-negotiate the SSH version and the encryption algorithm.
¾ Key Download Key Type: Select the type of SSH Key to download. The switch supports three types: SSH-1 RSA, SSH-2 RSA and SSH-2 DSA. Key File: Select the desired key file to download. Download: Click the Download button to download the desired key file to the switch. Note: 1. Please ensure the key length of the downloaded file is in the range of 256 to 3072 bits. 2. After the Key File is downloaded, the user’s original key of the same type will be replaced.
Application Example 2 for SSH: ¾ Network Requirements 1. Log on to the switch via password authentication using SSH and the SSH function is enabled on the switch. 2. PuTTY client software is recommended. ¾ Configuration Procedure 1. Select the key type and key length, and generate SSH key. Note: 1. The key length is in the range of 256 to 3072 bits. 2. During the key generation, randomly moving the mouse quickly can accelerate the key generation. 2.
3. On the Web management page of the switch, download the public key file saved in the computer to the switch. Note: 1. The key type should accord with the type of the key file. 2. The SSH key downloading can not be interrupted. 4. Download the private key file to SSH client software.
5. After the public key and private key are downloaded, please log on to the interface of PuTTY and enter the IP address for login. After successful authentication, please enter the login user name. If you log on to the switch without entering password, it indicates that the key has been successfully downloaded.
Chapter 5 Switching Switching module is used to configure the basic functions of the switch, including four submenus: Port, LAG, Traffic Monitor and MAC Address. 5.1 Port The Port function, allowing you to configure the basic features for the port, is implemented on the Port Config, Port Mirror, Port Security, Port Isolation and Loopback detection pages. 5.1.1 Port Config On this page, you can configure the basic parameters for the ports.
Port: Displays the port number. Description: Give a description to the port for identification. Status: Allows you to Enable/Disable the port. When Enable is selected, the port can forward the packets normally. Speed and Duplex: Select the Speed and Duplex mode for the port. The device connected to the switch should be in the same Speed and Duplex mode with the switch. When “Auto” is selected, the Speed and Duplex mode will be determined by auto-negotiation.
Figure 5-2 Mirroring Port The following entries are displayed on this screen. ¾ Mirror Group List Group: Displays the mirror group number. Mirroring: Displays the mirroring port number. Mode: Displays the mirror mode, the value will be "Ingress" or "Egress". Mirrored Port: Displays the mirrored ports. Operation: Click Edit to configure the mirror group. Click Edit to display the following figure.
Figure 5-3 Mirroring Port The following entries are displayed on this screen. ¾ Mirror Group Number: ¾ Mirroring Port Mirroring Port: ¾ Select the mirror group number you want to configure. Select the mirroring port number. Mirrored Port Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port as a mirrored port. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number.
Egress: Select Enable/Disable the Egress feature. When the Egress is enabled, the outgoing packets sent by the mirrored port will be copied to the mirroring port. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. The LAG member can not be selected as the mirrored port or mirroring port. Note: 1. The LAG member can not be selected as the mirrored port or mirroring port. 2. A port can not be set as the mirrored port and the mirroring port simultaneously. 3.
Figure 5-4 Port Security The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Port Security Select: Select the desired port for Port Security configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Max Learned MAC: Specify the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned on the port. Learned Num: Displays the number of MAC addresses that have been learned on the port. Learn Mode: Select the Learn Mode for the port.
Note: 1. The Port Security function is disabled for the LAG port member. Only the port is removed from the LAG, will the Port Security function be available for the port. 2. The Port Security function is disabled when the 802.1X function is enabled. 5.1.4 Port Isolation Port Isolation provides a method of restricting traffic flow to improve the network security by forbidding the port to forward packets to the ports that are not on its forward portlist.
¾ Port Isolation List Port: Display the port number. Forward Portlist: Display the Forward Portlist. 5.1.5 Loopback Detection With loopback detection feature enabled, the switch can detect loops using loopback detection packets. When a loop is detected, the switch will display an alert or further block the corresponding port according to the port configuration. Choose the menu “Switching→Port→LoopbackDetection” to load the following page.
¾ ¾ Global Config LoopbackDetection Status: Here you can enable or disable Loopback Detection function globally. Detection Interval: Set a Loopback Detection interval between 1 and 1000 seconds. By default, it’s 30 seconds. Automatic Recovery Time: Time after which the blocked port would automatically recover to normal status. It can be set as integral times of detection interval. Web Refresh Status: Here you can enable or disable web automatic refresh.
z If the ports, which are enabled for the GVRP, 802.1Q VLAN, Voice VLAN, STP, QoS, DHCP Snooping and Port Configuration (Speed and Duplex, Flow Control), are in a LAG, their configurations should be the same. z The ports, which are enabled for the Port Security, Port Mirror, MAC Address Filtering, Static MAC Address Binding and 802.1X Authentication, can not be added to the LAG. z It’s not suggested to add the ports with ARP Inspection and DoS Defend enabled to the LAG.
• SRC MAC + DST MAC: When this option is selected, the Aggregate Arithmetic will apply to the source and destination MAC addresses of the packets. • SRC IP + DST IP: When this option is selected, the Aggregate Arithmetic will apply to the source and destination IP addresses of the packets. ¾ LAG Table Select: Select the desired LAG. It is multi-optional. Group Number: Displays the LAG number here. Description: Displays the description of LAG. Member: Displays the LAG member.
Figure 5-8 Static LAG Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ LAG Config Group Number: Select a Group Number for the LAG. Description: Give a description to the LAG for identification. LAG Table Member Port: Select the port as the LAG member. Clearing all the ports of the LAG will delete this LAG. Tips: 1. The LAG can be deleted by clearing its all member ports. 2. A port can only be added to a LAG.
preferred one. If the two port priorities are equal; the port with smaller port number is preferred. After an aggregation group is established, the selected ports can be aggregated together as one port to transmit packets. On this page, you can configure the LACP feature of the switch. Choose the menu Switching→LAG→LACP Config to load the following page.
Select: Select the desired port for LACP configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Admin Key: Specify an Admin Key for the port. The member ports in a dynamic aggregation group must have the same Admin Key. Port Priority: Specify a Port Priority for the port. This value determines the priority of the port to be selected as the dynamic aggregation group member. The port with smaller Port Priority will be considered as the preferred one.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Allows you to Enable/Disable refreshing the Traffic Summary automatically. Refresh Rate: Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval. Traffic Summary Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Port: Displays the port number. Packets Rx: Displays the number of packets received on the port. The error packets are not counted in.
Figure 5-11 Traffic Statistics The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Allows you to Enable/Disable refreshing the Traffic Summary automatically. Refresh Rate: Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval. Statistics Port: Enter a port number and click the Select button to view the traffic statistics of the corresponding port. Received: Displays the details of the packets received on the port.
(Alignment Error). The length of the packet is between 64 bytes and 1518 bytes. UndersizePkts: Displays the number of the received packets (excluding error packets) that are less than 64 bytes long. Pkts64Octets: Displays the number of the received packets (including error packets) that are 64 bytes long. Pkts65to127Octets: Displays the number of the received packets (including error packets) that are between 65 and 127 bytes long.
Figure 5-12 Address Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Search Option MAC Address: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of your desired entry. Port: Select the corresponding port number of your desired entry. Type: Select the type of your desired entry. z z z z ¾ All: This option allows the address table to display all the address entries. Static: This option allows the address table to display the static address entries only.
VLAN ID: Displays the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Port: Displays the corresponding Port number of the MAC address. Type: Displays the Type of the MAC address. Aging Status: Displays the Aging status of the MAC address. 5.4.2 Static Address The static address table maintains the static address entries which can be added or removed manually, independent of the aging time.
button to find your desired entry in the Static Address Table. ¾ • MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. • VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry. • Port: Enter the Port number of your desired entry. Static Address Table Select: Select the entry to delete or modify the corresponding port number. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the static MAC Address. VLAN ID: Displays the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address.
Figure 5-14 Dynamic Address The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Aging Config Auto Aging: Allows you to Enable/Disable the Auto Aging feature. Aging Time: Enter the Aging Time for the dynamic address. Search Option Search Option: Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Dynamic Address Table. • MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. • VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry.
¾ Dynamic Address Table Select: Select the entry to delete the dynamic address or to bind the MAC address to the corresponding port statically. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the dynamic MAC Address. VLAN ID: Displays the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Port: Displays the corresponding port number of the MAC address. Type: Displays the Type of the MAC address. Aging Status: Displays the Aging Status of the MAC address.
Figure 5-15 Filtering Address The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Create Filtering Address MAC Address: Enter the MAC Address to be filtered. VLAN ID: Enter the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Search Option Search Option: ¾ Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Filtering Address Table. • MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. • VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry.
Note: 1. The MAC address in the Filtering Address Table can not be added to the Static Address Table or bound to a port dynamically. 2. This MAC address filtering function is not available if the 802.1X feature is enabled.
Chapter 6 VLAN The traditional Ethernet is a data network communication technology based on CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect) via shared communication medium. Through the traditional Ethernet, the overfull hosts in LAN will result in serious collision, flooding broadcasts, poor performance or even breakdown of the Internet.
packets of different VLANs. The switch can analyze the received untagged packets on the port and match the packets with the MAC VLAN, Protocol VLAN and 802.1Q VLAN in turn. If a packet is matched, the switch will add a corresponding VLAN tag to it and forward it in the corresponding VLAN. 6.1 802.1Q VLAN VLAN tags in the packets are necessary for the switch to identify packets of different VLANs.
is TAG. The TRUNK port is generally used to connect the cascaded network devices for it can receive and forward the packets of multiple VLANs. When the packets are forwarded by the TRUNK port, its VLAN tag will not be changed. （3） GENERAL: The GENERAL port can be added in multiple VLANs and set various egress rules according to the different VLANs. The default egress rule is UNTAG. The PVID can be set as the VID number of any VLAN the port belongs to.
6.1.1 VLAN Config On this page, you can view the current created 802.1Q VLAN. Choose the menu VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config to load the following page. Figure 6-3 VLAN Table To ensure the normal communication of the factory switch, the default VLAN of all ports is set to VLAN1. VLAN1 cannot be modified or deleted. The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ VLAN Table VLAN ID Select： Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the VLAN ID number you entered.
Figure 6-4 Create or Modify 802.1Q VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of VLAN. Description: Give a description to the VLAN for identification. Check: Click the Check button to check whether the VLAN ID you entered is valid or not. VLAN Members Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port to be a member of VLAN or leave it blank.
Egress Rule: LAG: Select the Egress Rule for the VLAN port member. The default egress rule is UNTAG. • TAG: All packets forwarded by the port are tagged. The packets contain VLAN information. • UNTAG: Packets forwarded by the port are untagged. Displays the LAG to which the port belongs. 6.1.2 Port Config Before creating the 802.1Q VLAN, please acquaint yourself with all the devices connected to the switch in order to configure the ports properly. Choose the menu VLAN→802.
Select the Link Type from the pull-down list for the port. Link Type: • ACCESS: The ACCESS port can be added in a single VLAN, and the egress rule of the port is UNTAG. The PVID is same as the current VLAN ID. If the current VLAN is deleted, the PVID will be set to 1 by default. • TRUNK: The TRUNK port can be added in multiple VLANs, and the egress rule of the port is TAG. The PVID can be set as the VID number of any VLAN the port belongs to.
3 Modify/View VLAN. Optional. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, click the Edit/Detail button to modify/view the information of the corresponding VLAN. 4 Delete VLAN Optional. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, select the desired entry to delete the corresponding VLAN by clicking the Delete button. 6.2 MAC VLAN MAC VLAN technology is the way to classify VLANs according to the MAC addresses of Hosts. A MAC address corresponds to a single VLAN ID.
MAC Address: Enter the MAC address. Description: Give a description to the MAC address for identification. VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of the MAC VLAN. This VLAN should be one of the 802.1Q VLANs the ingress port belongs to. MAC VLAN Table ¾ MAC Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the MAC address you entered. Select: Select the desired entry. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the MAC address.
¾ Encapsulation Format of Ethernet Data This section simply introduces the common used encapsulation format of Ethernet data to understand the procedure for the switch to identify the protocol of packets. At present there are two encapsulation formats of Ethernet data, Ethernet II encapsulation and 802.2/802.3 encapsulation, shown as follows: z Ethernet II encapsulation z 802.2/802.3 encapsulation DA and SA respectively refer to destination MAC address and source MAC address.
¾ The Procedure for the Switch to Identify Packet Protocol ¾ The Implementation of Protocol VLAN This switch can match packets through protocol template and transmit packets in the specific VLAN according to the protocol. Protocol template, comprising encapsulation format and protocol type, is the standard to determine the protocol which a packet belongs to. The following table shows the common used encapsulation formats supported in network layer protocol and the protocol templates are for reference.
VLAN packets are processed in the following way: 1. When receiving an untagged packet, the switch matches the packet with the current Protocol VLAN. If the packet is matched, the switch will add a corresponding Protocol VLAN tag to it. If no Protocol VLAN is matched, the switch will add a tag to the packet according to the PVID of the received port. Thus, the packet is assigned automatically to the corresponding VLAN for transmission. 2.
Figure 6-9 Create Protocol VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Protocol Group Config Protocol: Select the defined protocol template. VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of the Protocol VLAN. This VLAN should be one of the 802.1Q VLANs the ingress port belongs to. Protocol Group Member Select your desired port for Protocol VLAN Group. 6.3.3 Protocol Template The Protocol Template should be created before configuring the Protocol VLAN.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Protocol Template ¾ Protocol Name: Give a name for the Protocol Template. Ether Type: Enter the Ethernet protocol type field in the protocol template. Frame Type: Select a Frame Type for the Protocol Template. Protocol Template Table ¾ Select: Select the desired entry. It is multi-optional. ID Displays the index of the protocol template. Protocol Name: Displays the name of the protocol template.
z Switch B is connecting to PC B and Server A; z PC A and Server A is in the same VLAN; z PC B and Server B is in the same VLAN; z PCs in the two VLANs cannot communicate with each other. ¾ Network Diagram ¾ Configuration Procedure Configure Switch A z Step Operation Description 1 Configure the Link Type of the ports Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 2, Port 3 and Port 4 as ACCESS, TRUNK and ACCESS respectively 2 Create VLAN10 Required.
6.5 Application Example for MAC VLAN Network Requirements ¾ z Switch A and switch B are connected to meeting room A and meeting room B respectively, and the two rooms are for all departments; z Notebook A and Notebook B, special for meeting room, are of two different departments; z The two departments are in VLAN10 and VLAN20 respectively.
Configure Switch B z Step Operation Description 1 Configure the Link Type of the ports Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 21 and Port 22 as GENERAL and TRUNK respectively. 2 Create VLAN10 Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLANID as 10, owning Port 21 and Port 22, and configure the egress rule of Port 21 as Untag. 3 Create VLAN20 Required. On VLAN→802.
¾ Network Diagram ¾ Configuration Procedure Configure Switch A z Step Operation Description 1 Configure the Link Type of the ports Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 11 and Port 13 as ACCESS, and configure the link type of Port 12 as GENERAL. 2 Create VLAN10 Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLANID as 10, owning Port 12 and Port 13, and configure the egress rule of Port 12 as Untag. 3 Create VLAN20 Required.
4 Create Protocol Template Required. On VLAN→Protocol VLAN→Protocol Template page, configure the protocol template practically. E.g. the IP network packets are encapsulated in Ethernet II format and its Ether Type is 0800; the AppleTalk network packets are encapsulated in SNAP format and its PID is 809B. 5 Create Protocol VLAN 10 On VLAN→Protocol VLAN→Protocol Group page, create protocol VLAN 10 with Protocol as IP and tick Port 3.
• Join Timer: To transmit the Join messages reliably to other entities, a GARP entity sends each Join message two times. The Join timer is used to define the interval between the two sending operations of each Join message. • Leave Timer: When a GARP entity expects to deregister a piece of attribute information, it sends out a Leave message.
Figure 6-11 GVRP Config Note: If the GVRP feature is enabled for a member port of LAG, please ensure all the member ports of this LAG are set to be in the same status and registration mode. The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Global Config GVRP: ¾ Allows you to Enable/Disable the GVRP function. Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for configuration.
• Forbidden: In this mode, a port cannot register/deregister VLANs. It only propagates VLAN 1 information. LeaveAll Timer: Once the LeaveAll Timer is set, the port with GVRP enabled can send a LeaveAll message after the timer times out, so that other GARP ports can re-register all the attribute information. After that, the LeaveAll timer will start to begin a new cycle. The LeaveAll Timer ranges from 1000 to 30000 centiseconds.
Chapter 7 Spanning Tree STP (Spanning Tree Protocol), subject to IEEE 802.1D standard, is to disbranch a ring network in the Data Link layer in a local network. Devices running STP discover loops in the network and block ports by exchanging information, in that way, a ring network can be disbranched to form a tree-topological ring-free network to prevent packets from being duplicated and forwarded endlessly in the network. BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) is the protocol data that STP and RSTP use.
Figure 7-1 Basic STP diagram ¾ STP Timers Hello Time: Hello Time ranges from 1 to 10 seconds. It specifies the interval to send BPDU packets. It is used to test the links. Max. Age: Max. Age ranges from 6 to 40 seconds. It specifies the maximum time the switch can wait without receiving a BPDU before attempting to reconfigure. Forward Delay: Forward Delay ranges from 4 to 30 seconds. It specifies the time for the port to transit its state after the network topology is changed.
z Comparing BPDUs Each switch sends out configuration BPDUs and receives a configuration BPDU on one of its ports from another switch. The following table shows the comparing operations. Step Operation 1 If the priority of the BPDU received on the port is lower than that of the BPDU if of the port itself, the switch discards the BPDU and does not change the BPDU of the port.
¾ z The condition for the root port to transit its port state rapidly: The old root port of the switch stops forwarding data and the designated port of the upstream switch begins to forward data. z The condition for the designated port to transit its port state rapidly: The designated port is an edge port or connecting to a point-to-point link.
Figure 7-2 Basic MSTP diagram ¾ MSTP MSTP divides a network into several MST regions. The CST is generated between these MST regions, and multiple spanning trees can be generated in each MST region. Each spanning tree is called an instance. As well as STP, MSTP uses BPDUs to generate spanning tree. The only difference is that the BPDU for MSTP carries the MSTP configuration information on the switches.
Figure 7-3 Port roles The Spanning Tree module is mainly for spanning tree configuration of the switch, including four submenus: STP Config, Port Config, MSTP Instance and STP Security. 7.1 STP Config The STP Config function, for global configuration of spanning trees on the switch, can be implemented on STP Config and STP Summary pages. 7.1.1 STP Config Before configuring spanning trees, you should make clear the roles each switch plays in each spanning tree instance.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Global Config STP: Select Enable/Disable STP function globally on the switch. Version: Select the desired STP version on the switch. z STP: Spanning Tree Protocol. z RSTP: Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol. z MSTP: Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol. ¾ Parameters Config CIST Priority: Enter a value from 0 to 61440 to specify the priority of the switch for comparison in the CIST. CIST priority is an important criterion on determining the root bridge.
4. If the TxHold Count parameter is too large, the number of MSTP packets being sent in each hello time may be increased with occupying too much network resources. The default value is recommended. 7.1.2 STP Summary On this page you can view the related parameters for Spanning Tree function. Choose the menu Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Summary to load the following page. Figure 7-5 STP Summary 7.
Figure 7-6 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for STP configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Status: Select Enable /Disable STP function for the desired port. Priority: Enter a value from 0 to 240 divisible by 16.
z z z z z Port Status: Displays the working status of the port. z z z z LAG: Designated Port: Indicates the port that forwards packets to a downstream network segment or switch. Master Port: Indicates the port that connects a MST region to the common root. The path from the master port to the common root is the shortest path between this MST region and the common root. Alternate Port: Indicates the port that can be a backup port of a root or master port.
Figure 7-7 Region Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Region Config Region Name: Create a name for MST region identification using up to 32 characters. Revision: Enter the revision from 0 to 65535 for MST region identification. 7.3.2 Instance Config Instance Configuration, a property of MST region, is used to describe the VLAN to Instance mapping configuration. You can assign VLAN to different instances appropriate to your needs.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Instance Table Instance ID Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding Instance ID based on the ID number you entered. Select: Select the desired Instance ID for configuration. It is multi-optional. Instance: Displays Instance ID of the switch. Status: Displays status of the instance. Priority: Enter the priority of the switch in the instance.
Figure 7-9 Instance Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Port Config Instance ID: Select the desired instance ID for its port configuration. Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port to specify its priority and path cost. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Priority: Enter the priority of the port in the instance.
Note: The port status of one port in different spanning tree instances can be different. Global configuration Procedure for Spanning Tree function: Step Operation Description 1 Make clear roles the switches play in spanning tree instances: root bridge or designated bridge Preparation. 2 Globally configure parameters MSTP Required. Enable Spanning Tree function on the switch and configure MSTP parameters on Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page. 3 Configure MSTP parameters for ports Required.
¾ Root Protect A CIST and its secondary root bridges are usually located in the high-bandwidth core region. Wrong configuration or malicious attacks may result in configuration BPDU packets with higher priorities being received by the legal root bridge, which causes the current legal root bridge to lose its position and network topology jitter to occur. In this case, flows that should travel along high-speed links may lead to low-speed links, and network congestion may occur.
Figure 7-10 Port Protect The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Port Protect Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for port protect configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Loop Protect: Loop Protect is to prevent the loops in the network brought by recalculating STP because of link failures and network congestions.
7.4.2 TC Protect When TC Protect is enabled for the port on Port Protect page, the TC threshold and TC protect cycle need to be configured on this page. Choose the menu Spanning Tree→STP Security→TC Protect to load the following page. Figure 7-11 TC Protect The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ TC Protect TC Threshold: Enter a number from 1 to 100. It is the maximum number of the TC-BPDUs received by the switch in a TC Protect Cycle. The default value is 20.
Configuration Procedure ¾ z Configure Switch A: Step Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as Trunk, and add the ports to VLAN101-VLAN106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.1Q VLAN. 2 Enable STP function On Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page, enable STP function and select MSTP version. On Spanning Tree→STP Config→Port Config page, enable MSTP function for the port.
z Configure Switch C: Step Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as Trunk, and add the ports to VLAN101-VLAN106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.1Q VLAN. 2 Enable STP function On Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page, enable STP function and select MSTP version. On Spanning Tree→STP Config→Port Config page, enable MSTP function for the port.
z ¾ For Instance 2 (VLAN 102, 104 and 106), the blue paths in the following figure are connected links; the gray paths are the blocked links. Suggestion for Configuration z Enable TC Protect function for all the ports of switches. z Enable Root Protect function for all the ports of root bridges. z Enable Loop Protect function for the non-edge ports. Enable BPDU Protect function or BPDU Filter function for the edge ports which are connected to the PC and server.
Chapter 8 Multicast ¾ Multicast Overview In the network, packets are sent in three modes: unicast, broadcast and multicast. In unicast, the source server sends separate copy information to each receiver. When a large number of users require this information, the server must send many pieces of information with the same content to the users. Therefore, large bandwidth will be occupied. In broadcast, the system transmits information to all users in a network.
¾ Multicast Address 1. Multicast IP Address: As specified by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), Class D IP addresses are used as destination addresses of multicast packets. The multicast IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255. The following table displays the range and description of several special multicast IP addresses. Multicast IP address range Description 224.0.0.0～224.0.0.255 Reserved multicast addresses for routing protocols and other network protocols 224.0.1.0～224.0.1.
¾ IGMP Snooping In the network, the hosts apply to the near router for joining (leaving) a multicast group by sending IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) messages. When the up-stream device forwards down the multicast data, the switch is responsible for sending them to the hosts. IGMP Snooping is a multicast control mechanism, which can be used on the switch for dynamic registration of the multicast group.
3. IGMP Leave Message The host, running IGMPv1, does not send IGMP leave message when leaving a multicast group, as a result, the switch can not get the leave information of the host momentarily. However, after leaving the multicast group, the host does not send IGMP report message any more, so the switch will remove the port from the corresponding multicast address table when its member port time times out.
Figure 8-4 Basic Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config IGMP Snooping: Select Enable/Disable IGMP Snooping function globally on the switch. Unknown Multicast: Select the operation for the switch to process unknown multicast, Forward or Discard. IGMP Snooping Status Description: Displays IGMP Snooping status. Member: Displays the member of the corresponding status. 8.1.2 Port Config On this page you can configure the IGMP feature for ports of the switch.
Figure 8-5 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for IGMP Snooping feature configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port of the switch. IGMP Snooping: Select Enable/Disable IGMP Snooping for the desired port. Fast Leave: Select Enable/Disable Fast Leave feature for the desired port.
Figure 8-6 VLAN Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID to enable IGMP Snooping for the desired VLAN. Router Port Time: Specify the aging time of the router port. Within this time, if the switch doesn’t receive IGMP query message from the router port, it will consider this port is not a router port any more. Member Port Time: Specify the aging time of the member port.
Router Port: Displays the router port of the VLAN. Note: The settings here will be invalid when multicast VLAN is enabled Configuration procedure: Step Operation 1 Enable function Snooping Required. Enable IGMP Snooping globally on the switch and for the port on Multicast→IGMP Snooping→Snooping Config and Port Config page. 2 Configure the multicast parameters for VLANs Optional. Configure the multicast parameters for VLANs on Multicast→IGMP Snooping→VLAN Config page.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Multicast VLAN Multicast VLAN: Select Enable/Disable Multicast VLAN feature. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of the multicast VLAN. Router Port Time: Specify the aging time of the router port. Within this time, if the switch doesn’t receive IGMP query message from the router port, it will consider this port is not a router port any more. Member Port Time: Specify the aging time of the member port.
3 Configure parameters multicast VLAN for Optional. Enable and configure a multicast VLAN on the Multicast→IGMP Snooping→Multicast VLAN page. It is recommended to keep the default time parameters. 4 Look over the configuration If it is successfully configured, the VLAN ID of the multicast VLAN will be displayed in the IGMP Snooping Status table on the Multicast→IGMP Snooping→Snooping Config page.
Step Operation Description 1 Create VLANs Create three VLANs with the VLAN ID 3, 4 and 5 respectively, and specify the description of VLAN3 as Multicast VLAN on VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page. 2 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN function pages. For port 3, configure its link type as GENERAL and its egress rule as TAG, and add it to VLAN3, VLAN4 and VLAN5. For port 4, configure its link type as GENERAL and its egress rule as UNTAG, and add it to VLAN3 and VLAN 4.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Search Option Multicast IP: Enter the multicast IP address the desired entry must carry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID the desired entry must carry. Port: Select the port number the desired entry must carry. Type: Select the type the desired entry must carry. z z z ¾ All: Displays all multicast IP entries. Static: Displays all static multicast IP entries. Dynamic: Displays all dynamic multicast IP entries.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Create Static Multicast Multicast IP: Enter static multicast IP address. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of the multicast IP. Forward Port: Enter the forward port of the multicast group. Search Option Search Option: ¾ Select the rules for displaying multicast IP table to find the desired entries quickly. z All: Displays all static multicast IP entries. z Multicast IP: Enter the multicast IP address the desired entry must carry.
Figure 8-10 Multicast Filter The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Create IP-Range IP Range ID: Enter the IP-range ID. Start Multicast IP: Enter start multicast IP of the IP-range you set. End Multicast IP: Enter end multicast IP of the IP-range you set. IP-Range Table IP-Range ID Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding IP-range ID based on the ID number you entered. Select: Select the desired entry to delete or modify the corresponding IP-range.
Figure 8-11 Port Filter The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Port Filter Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for multicast filtering. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Filter: Select Enable/Disable multicast filtering feature on the port.
2. Multicast Filter feature has no effect on static multicast IP. 3. Up to 5 IP-Ranges can be bound to one port. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Configure IP-Range Required. Configure IP-Range to be Multicast→Multicast Filter→IP-Range page. 2 Configure multicast filter rules for ports Optional. Configure multicast filter rules for ports on Multicast→Multicast Filter→Port Filter page. filtered on 8.
Refresh Period: ¾ Enter the time from 3 to 300 in seconds to specify the auto refresh period. IGMP Statistics Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Query Packet: Displays the number of query packets the port received. Report Packet (V1): Displays the number of IGMPv1 report packets the port received.
Chapter 9 QoS QoS (Quality of Service) functions to provide different quality of service for various network applications and requirements and optimize the bandwidth resource distribution so as to provide a network service experience of a better quality. ¾ QoS This switch classifies the ingress packets, maps the packets to different priority queues and then forwards the packets according to specified scheduling algorithms to implement QoS function.
2. 802.1P Priority Figure 9-2 802.1Q frame As shown in the figure above, each 802.1Q Tag has a Pri field, comprising 3 bits. The 3-bit priority field is 802.1p priority in the range of 0 to 7. 802.1P priority determines the priority of the packets based on the Pri value. On the Web management page of the switch, you can configure different priority tags mapping to the corresponding priority levels, and then the switch determine which packet is sent preferentially when forwarding packets.
Figure 9-4 SP-Mode 2. WRR-Mode: Weight Round Robin Mode. In this mode, packets in all the queues are sent in order based on the weight value for each queue and every queue can be assured of a certain service time. The weight value indicates the occupied proportion of the resource. WRR queue overcomes the disadvantage of SP queue that the packets in the queues with lower priority can not get service for a long time.
The QoS module is mainly for traffic control and priority configuration, including three submenus: DiffServ, Bandwidth Control and Voice VLAN. 9.1 DiffServ This switch classifies the ingress packets, maps the packets to different priority queues and then forwards the packets according to specified scheduling algorithms to implement QoS function. This switch implements three priority modes based on port, on 802.1P and on DSCP, and supports four queue scheduling algorithms.
Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Select the port priority Required. On QoS→DiffServ→Port Priority page, configure the port priority. 2 Configure the relation between priority and TC Required. On QoS→DiffServ→802.1P/CoS mapping page, configure the mapping relation between the CoS and TC. 3 Select a schedule mode mapping the CoS Required. On QoS→DiffServ→Schedule page, select a schedule mode. Mode 9.1.2 DSCP Priority On this page you can configure DSCP priority.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: DSCP Priority Config ¾ DSCP Priority: Select Enable or Disable DSCP Priority. Priority Level ¾ DSCP: Indicates the priority determined by the DS region of IP datagram. It ranges from 0 to 63. Priority: Indicates the 802.1P priority the packets with tag are mapped to. The priorities are labeled as CoS0 ~ CoS7. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Configure the mapping relation between the DSCP priority and 802.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Priority and CoS-mapping Config Tag-id/Cos-id: Indicates the precedence level defined by IEEE802.1P and the CoS ID. Queue TC-id: Indicates the priority level of egress queue the packets with tag and CoS-id are mapped to. The priority levels of egress queue are labeled as TC0, TC1, TC2 and TC3. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Configure the mapping relation between the 802.1P priority Tag/CoS and the TC Required.
SP+WRR-Mode: Strict-Priority + Weight Round Robin Mode. In this mode, this switch provides two scheduling groups, SP group and WRR group. Queues in SP group and WRR group are scheduled strictly based on strict-priority mode while the queues inside WRR group follow the WRR mode. In SP+WRR mode, TC3 is in the SP group; TC0, TC1 and TC2 belong to the WRR group and the weight value ratio of TC0, TC1 and TC2 is 1:2:4.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Rate Limit Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for Rate configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Ingress Rate (bps): Configure the bandwidth for receiving packets on the port.
Figure 9-11 Storm Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Storm Control Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for Storm Control configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Broadcast Rate (bps): Select the bandwidth for receiving broadcast packets on the port. The packet traffic exceeding the bandwidth will be discarded.
9.3 Voice VLAN Voice VLANs are configured specially for voice data stream. By configuring Voice VLANs and adding the ports with voice devices attached to voice VLANs, you can perform QoS-related configuration for voice data, ensuring the transmission priority of voice data stream and voice quality. ¾ OUI Address (Organizationally unique identifier address) The switch can determine whether a received packet is a voice packet by checking its source MAC address.
Port Voice VLAN Voice Link type of the port and processing mode Mode Stream Type Automatic Mode TAG voice ACCESS: Not supported. stream TRUNK: Supported. The default VLAN of the port can not be voice VLAN. GENERAL: Supported. The default VLAN of the port can not be voice VLAN and the egress rule of the access port in the voice VLAN should be TAG. UNTAG voice ACCESS: Supported. stream TRUNK: Not supported. GENERAL: Supported.
Note: Don’t transmit voice stream together with other business packets in the voice VLAN except for some special requirements. The Voice VLAN function can be implemented on Global Config, Port Config and OUI Config pages. 9.3.1 Global Config On this page, you can configure the global parameters of the voice VLAN, including VLAN ID, aging time, the transmission priority of the voice packets and so on. Choose the menu QoS→Voice VLAN→Global Config to load the following page.
Figure 9-13 Port Config Note: To enable voice VLAN function for the LAG member port, please ensure its member state accords with its port mode. If a port is a member port of voice VLAN, changing its port mode to be “Auto” will make the port leave the voice VLAN and will not join the voice VLAN automatically until it receives voice streams.
Security Mode: Configure the security mode for forwarding packets. z z Disable: All packets are forwarded. Enable: Only voice data are forwarded. Member State: Displays the state of the port in the current voice VLAN. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. 9.3.3 OUI Config The switch supports OUI create and add the MAC address of the special voice device to the OUI table of the switch. The switch determines whether a received packet is a voice packet by checking its OUI address.
Description: Displays the description of the OUI. Configuration Procedure of Voice VLAN: Step Operation Description 1 Configure the link type of the port Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of ports of the voice device. Create VLAN Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page,, click the Create button to create a VLAN. Add OUI address Optional. On QoS→Voice VLAN→OUI Config page, you can check whether the switch is supporting the OUI template or not.
Chapter 10 ACL ACL (Access Control List) is used to filter packets by configuring match rules and process policies of packets in order to control the access of the illegal users to the network. Besides, ACL functions to control traffic flows and save network resources. It provides a flexible and secured access control policy and facilitates you to control the network security.
10.1.2 Time-Range Create On this page you can create time-ranges. Choose the menu ACL→Time-Range→Time-Range Create to load the following page. Figure 10-2 Time-Range Create Note: To successfully configure time-ranges, please firstly specify time-slices and then time-ranges. The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ ¾ Create Time-Range Name: Enter the name of the time-range for time identification. Holiday: Select Holiday you set as a time-range.
End Time: Displays the end time of the time-slice. Delete: Click the Delete button to delete the corresponding time-slice. 10.1.3 Holiday Config Holiday mode is applied as a different secured access control policy from the week mode. On this page you can define holidays according to your work arrangement. Choose the menu ACL→Time-Range→Holiday Config to load the following page.
10.2.1 ACL Summary On this page, you can view the current ACLs configured in the switch. Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→ACL Summary to load the following page. Figure 10-4 ACL Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Search Option Select ACL: Select the ACL you have created ACL Type: Displays the type of the ACL you select. Rule Order: Displays the rule order of the ACL you select. Rule Table Here you can view the information about the ACL rule you select. 10.2.
10.2.3 MAC ACL MAC ACLs analyze and process packets based on a series of match conditions, which can be the source MAC addresses, destination MAC addresses, VLAN ID, and EtherType carried in the packets. Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→MAC ACL to load the following page. Figure10-6 Create MAC Rule The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Create MAC ACL ACL ID: Select the desired MAC ACL for configuration. Rule ID: Enter the rule ID.
10.2.4 Standard-IP ACL Standard-IP ACLs analyze and process data packets based on a series of match conditions, which can be the source IP addresses and destination IP addresses carried in the packets. Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL to load the following page. Figure10-7 Create Standard-IP Rule The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Create Standard-IP ACL ACL ID: Select the desired Standard-IP ACL for configuration. Rule ID: Enter the rule ID.
Figure10-8 Create Extend-IP Rule The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Create Extend-IP ACL ACL ID: Select the desired Extend-IP ACL for configuration. Rule ID: Enter the rule ID. Operation: Select the operation for the switch to process packets which match the rules. z z Permit: Forward packets. Deny: Discard Packets. S-IP: Enter the source IP address contained in the rule. D-IP: Enter the destination IP address contained in the rule. Mask: Enter IP address mask.
IP Pre: Enter the IP Precedence contained in the rule. Time-Range: Select the time-range for the rule to take effect. 10.3 Policy Config A Policy is used to control the data packets those match the corresponding ACL rules by configuring ACLs and actions together for effect. The operations here include stream mirror, stream condition, QoS remarking and redirect. The Policy Config can be implemented on Policy Summary, Police Create and Action Create pages. 10.3.
Figure 10-10 Create Policy The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Create Policy Policy Name: Enter the name of the policy. 10.3.3 Action Create On this page you can add ACLs and create corresponding actions for the policy. Choose the menu ACL→Policy Config→Action Create to load the following page. Figure 10-11 Action Create The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Create Action Select Policy: Select the name of the policy.
S-Condition: Select S-Condition to limit the transmission rate of the data packets in the policy. z z Redirect: Select Redirect to change the forwarding direction of the data packets in the policy. z QoS Remark: Rate: Specify the forwarding rate of the data packets those match the corresponding ACL. Out of Band: Specify the disposal way of the data packets those are transmitted beyond the rate. Destination Port: Forward the data packets those match the corresponding ACL to the specific port.
Index: Displays the index of the binding policy. Policy Name: Displays the name of the binding policy. Interface: Displays the port number or VLAN ID bound to the policy. Direction: Displays the binding direction. 10.4.2 Port Binding On this page you can bind a policy to a port. Choose the menu ACL→Policy Binding→Port Binding to load the following page.
Figure10-14 Bind the policy to the VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ VLAN-Bind Config Policy Name: Select the name of the policy you want to bind. VLAN ID: Enter the ID of the VLAN you want to bind. VLAN-Bind Table Index: Displays the index of the binding policy. Policy Name: Displays the name of the binding policy. VLAN ID: Displays the ID of the VLAN bound to the corresponding policy. Direction: Displays the binding direction.
3. The staff of the marketing department can access to the Internet all day but can not visit the forum during the working time. 4. The R&D department and marketing department can not communicate with each other. ¾ Network Diagram ¾ Configuration Procedure Step Operation Description 1 Configure Time-range On ACL→Time-Range page, create a time-range named work_time. Select Week mode and configure the week time from Monday to Friday. Add a time-slice 08:00~18:00.
3 Configure requirement and 4 for 2 On ACL→ACL Config→ACL Create page, create ACL 100. On ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL page, select ACL 100, create Rule 1, configure operation as Deny, configure S-IP as 172.31.70.1 and mask as 255.255.255.0, configure D-IP as 172.31.50.1 and mask as 255.255.255.0, configure the time-range as No Limit. On ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL page, select ACL 100, create Rule 2, configure operation as Deny, configure S-IP as 172.31.70.1 and mask as 255.255.255.
Chapter 11 Network Security Network Security module is to provide the multiple protection measures for the network security, including four submenus: IP-MAC Binding, ARP Inspection, DoS Defend and 802.1X. Please configure the functions appropriate to your need. 11.1 IP-MAC Binding The IP-MAC Binding function allows you to bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Search Option Source: ¾ Select a Source from the pull-down list and click the Search button to view your desired entry in the Binding Table. • All: All the bound entries will be displayed. • Manual: Only the manually added entries will be displayed. • Scanning: Only the entries formed via ARP Scanning will be displayed. • Snooping: Only the entries formed via DHCP Snooping will be displayed.
Figure 11-2 Manual Binding The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Manual Binding Option Host Name: Enter the Host Name. IP Address: Enter the IP Address of the Host. MAC Address: Enter the MAC Address of the Host. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID. Port: Select the number of port connected to the Host. Protect Type: Select the Protect Type for the entry. Manual Binding Table Select: Select the desired entry to be deleted. It is multi-optional.
11.1.3 ARP Scanning ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to analyze and map IP addresses to the corresponding MAC addresses so that packets can be delivered to their destinations correctly. IP address is the address of the Host on Network layer. MAC address, the address of the Host on Data link layer, is necessary for the packet to reach the very device. So the destination IP address carried in a packet need to be translated into the corresponding MAC address.
Figure 11-4 ARP Scanning The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Scanning Option Start IP Address: Specify the Start IP Address. End IP Address: Specify the End IP Address. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID. If blank, the switch will send the untagged packets for scanning. Scan: Click the Scan button to scan the Hosts in the LAN. Scanning Result Select: Select the desired entry to be bound or deleted. Host Name: Displays the Host Name here.
network configuration protocol optimized and developed based on the BOOTP, functions to solve the above mentioned problems. ¾ DHCP Working Principle DHCP works via the “Client/Server” communication mode. The Client applies to the Server for configuration. The Server assigns the configuration information, such as the IP address, to the Client, so as to reach a dynamic employ of the network source. A Server can assign the IP address for several Clients, which is illustrated in the following figure.
Figure 11-6 Interaction between a DHCP client and a DHCP server （1） DHCP-DISCOVER Stage: The Client broadcasts the DHCP-DISCOVER packet to find the DHCP Server. （2） DHCP-OFFER Stage: Upon receiving the DHCP-DISCOVER packet, the DHCP Server selects an IP address from the IP pool according to the assigning priority of the IP addresses and replies to the Client with DHCP-OFFER packet carrying the IP address and other information.
Option 82 can contain 255 sub-options at most. If Option 82 is defined, at least a sub-option should be defined. This switch supports two sub-options: Circuit ID and Remote ID. Since there is no universal standard about the content of Option 82, different manufacturers define the sub-options of Option 82 to their need. For this switch, the sub-options are defined as the following: The Circuit ID is defined to be the number of the port which receives the DHCP Request packets and its VLAN number.
Choose the menu Network Security→IP-MAC Binding→Binding Table to load the following page. Figure 11-8 DHCP Snooping Note: If you want to enable the DHCP Snooping feature for the member port of LAG, please ensure the parameters of all the member ports are the same.
¾ ¾ DHCP Snooping: Enable/Disable the DHCP Snooping function globally. Global Flow Control: Select the value to specify the maximum amount of DHCP messages that can be forwarded by the switch per second. The excessive massages will be discarded. Decline Threshold: Select the value to specify the minimum transmission rate of the Decline packets to trigger the Decline protection for the specific port. Decline Flow Control: Select the value to specify the Decline Flow Control.
11.2 ARP Inspection According to the ARP Implementation Procedure stated in 11.1.3 ARP Scanning, it can be found that ARP protocol can facilitate the Hosts in the same network segment to communicate with one another or access to external network via Gateway. However, since ARP protocol is implemented with the premise that all the Hosts and Gateways are trusted, there are high security risks during ARP Implementation Procedure in the actual complex network.
Figure 11-10 ARP Attack – Cheating Gateway As the above figure shown, the attacker sends the fake ARP packets of Host A to the Gateway, and then the Gateway will automatically update its ARP table after receiving the ARP packets. When the Gateway tries to communicate with Host A in LAN, it will encapsulate this false destination MAC address for packets, which results in a breakdown of the normal communication.
Figure 11-11 ARP Attack – Cheating Terminal Hosts As the above figure shown, the attacker sends the fake ARP packets of Host A to Host B, and then Host B will automatically update its ARP table after receiving the ARP packets. When Host B tries to communicate with Host A, it will encapsulate this false destination MAC address for packets, which results in a breakdown of the normal communication.
Figure 11-12 Man-In-The-Middle Attack Suppose there are three Hosts in LAN connected with one another through a switch. Host A: IP address is 192.168.0.101; MAC address is 00-00-00-11-11-11. Host B: IP address is 192.168.0.102; MAC address is 00-00-00-22-22-22. Attacker: IP address is 192.168.0.103; MAC address is 00-00-00-33-33-33. 1. First, the attacker sends the false ARP response packets. 2. Upon receiving the ARP response packets, Host A and Host B updates the ARP table of their own. 3.
The IP-MAC Binding function allows the switch to bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together when the Host connects to the switch. Based on the predefined IP-MAC Binding entries, the ARP Inspection functions to detect the ARP packets and filter the illegal ARP packet so as to prevent the network from ARP attacks. The ARP Inspection function is implemented on the ARP Detect, ARP Defend and ARP Statistics pages. 11.2.
Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together. Required. On the IP-MAC Binding page, bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together via Manual Binding, ARP Scanning or DHCP Snooping. 2 Enable the protection for the bound entry. Required. On the Network Security→IP-MAC Binding→Binding Table page, specify a protect type for the corresponding bound entry.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ARP Defend Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select your desired port for configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Defend: Select Enable/Disable the ARP Defend feature for the port. Speed: Enter a value to specify the maximum amount of the received ARP packets per second.
Figure 11-15 ARP Statistics The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the Auto Refresh feature. Refresh Interval: Specify the refresh interval to display the ARP Statistics. Illegal ARP Packet Port: Displays the port number. Trusted Port: Indicates the port is an ARP Trusted Port or not. Illegal ARP Packet: Displays the number of the received illegal ARP packets. 11.
DoS Attack Type Description Land Attack The attacker sends a specific fake SYN packet to the destination Host. Since both the source IP address and the destination IP address of the SYN packet are set to be the IP address of the Host, the Host will be trapped in an endless circle for building the initial connection. The performance of the network will be reduced extremely. Scan SYNFIN The attacker sends the packet with its SYN field and the FIN field set to 1.
Figure 11-16 DoS Defend The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Configure DoS Defend: ¾ Enable/Disable DoS Defend function. Defend Table Select: Select the entry to enable the corresponding Defend Type. Defend Type: Displays the Defend Type name. Tips: You are suggested to take the following further steps to ensure the network security. 1. It’s recommended to inspect and repair the system vulnerability regularly.
¾ Architecture of 802.1X Authentication 802.1X adopts a client/server architecture with three entities: a supplicant system, an authenticator system, and an authentication server system, as shown in the following figure. Figure 11-17 Architecture of 802.1X authentication （1） Supplicant System: The supplicant system is an entity in LAN and is authenticated by the authenticator system. The supplicant system is usually a common user terminal computer. An 802.
¾ 802.1X Authentication Procedure An 802.1X authentication can be initiated by supplicant system or authenticator system. When the authenticator system detects an unauthenticated supplicant in LAN, it will initiate the 802.1X authentication by sending EAP-Request/Identity packets to the supplicant. The supplicant system can also launch an 802.1X client program to initiate an 802.
4. Upon receiving the user name from the switch, the RADIUS server retrieves the user name, finds the corresponding password by matching the user name in its database, encrypts the password using a randomly-generated key, and sends the key to the switch through an RADIUS Access-Challenge packet. The switch then sends the key to the 802.1X client program. 5.
further authentication. Whereas the randomly-generated key in EAP-MD5 relay mode is generated by the authentication server, and the switch is responsible to encapsulate the authentication packet and forward it to the RADIUS server. ¾ 802.1X Timer In 802.
Figure 11-20 Global Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config 802.1X: Enable/Disable the 802.1X function. Authentication Method: Select the Authentication Method from the pull-down list. • EAP-MD5: IEEE 802.1X authentication system uses extensible authentication protocol (EAP) to exchange information between the switch and the client.
respond to the authentication request from the same supplicant during the Quiet Period. Retry Times: Specify the maximum transfer times of the repeated authentication request. Supplicant Timeout: Specify the maximum time for the switch to wait for the response from supplicant before resending a request to the supplicant. Server Timeout: Specify the maximum time for the switch to wait for the response from authentication server before resending a request to the authentication server. 11.4.
port. Guest VLAN: Select Enable/Disable the Guest VLAN feature for the port. Control Mode: Specify the Control Mode for the port. Control Type: • Auto: In this mode, the port will normally work only after passing the 802.1X Authentication. • Force-Authorized: In this mode, the port can work normally without passing the 802.1X Authentication. • Force-Unauthorized: In this mode, the port is forbidden working for its fixed unauthorized status. Specify the Control Type for the port.
Primary IP: Enter the IP address of the authentication server. Secondary IP: Enter the IP address of the alternate authentication server. Authentication Port: Set the UDP port of authentication server(s). The default port is 1812 Authentication KEY: Set the shared password for the switch and the authentication servers to exchange messages. Accounting Config ¾ Accounting: Enable/Disable the accounting feature. Primary IP: Enter the IP address of the accounting server.
Chapter 12 SNMP ¾ SNMP Overview SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) has gained the most extensive application on the UDP/IP networks. SNMP provides a management frame to monitor and maintain the network devices. It is used for automatically managing the various network devices no matter the physical differences of the devices. Currently, the most network management systems are based on SNMP.
SNMP v1: SNMP v1 adopts Community Name authentication. The community name is used to define the relation between SNMP Management Station and SNMP Agent. The SNMP packets failing to pass community name authentication are discarded. The community name can limit access to SNMP Agent from SNMP NMS, functioning as a password. SNMP v2c: SNMP v2c also adopts community name authentication. It is compatible with SNMP v1 while enlarges the function of SNMP v1.
management station. The specified User Name and the Auth/Privacy Password are used for SNMP Management Station to access the SNMP Agent, functioning as the password. SNMP module is used to configure the SNMP function of the switch, including three submenus: SNMP Config, Notification and RMON. 12.1 SNMP Config The SNMP Config can be implemented on the Global Config, SNMP View, SNMP Group, SNMP User and SNMP Community pages. 12.1.
Note: The amount of Engine ID characters must be even. 12.1.2 SNMP View The OID (Object Identifier) of the SNMP packets is used to describe the managed objects of the switch, and the MIB (Management Information Base) is the set of the OIDs. The SNMP View is created for the SNMP management station to manage MIB objects. Choose the menu SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP View to load the following page.
12.1.3 SNMP Group On this page, you can configure SNMP Group to control the network access by providing the users in various groups with different management rights via the Read View, Write View and Notify View. Choose the menu SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP Group to load the following page. Figure 12-5 SNMP Group The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Group Config Group Name: Enter the SNMP Group name. The Group Name, Security Model and Security Level compose the identifier of the SNMP Group.
¾ Write View: Select the View to be the Write View. The management access is writing only and changes can be made to the assigned SNMP View. The View defined both as the Read View and the Write View can be read and modified. Notify View: Select the View to be the Notify View. The management station can receive trap messages of the assigned SNMP view generated by the switch's SNMP agent. Group Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding group. It is multi-optional.
Figure 12-6 SNMP User The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ User Config User Name: Enter the User Name here. User Type: Select the type for the User. • Local User: Indicates that the user is connected to a local SNMP engine. • Remote User: Indicates that the user is connected to a remote SNMP engine. Group Name: Select the Group Name of the User. The User is classified to the corresponding Group according to its Group Name, Security Model and Security Level.
¾ User Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding User. It is multi-optional. User Name: Displays the name of the User. User Type: Displays the User Type. Group Name: Displays the Group Name of the User. Security Model: Displays the Security Model of the User. Security Level: Displays the Security Level of the User. Auth Mode: Displays the Authentication Mode of the User. Privacy Mode: Displays the Privacy Mode of the User.
MIB View: ¾ • read-only: Management right of the Community is restricted to read-only, and changes cannot be made to the corresponding View. • read-write: Management right of the Community is read-write and changes can be made to the corresponding View. Select the MIB View for the community to access. Community Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding Community. It is multi-optional. Community Name: Displays the Community Name here.
z If SNMPv1 or SNMPv2c is employed, please take the following steps: Step Operation Description 1 Enable SNMP function globally. Required. On the SNMP→SNMP Config→Global Config page, enable SNMP function globally. 2 Create SNMP View. Required. On the SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP View page, create SNMP View of the management agent. The default View Name is viewDefault and the default OID is 1. 3 Create SNMP Community directly. Configure access level for the User. Required alternatively.
Figure 12-8 Notification Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Create Notification IP Address: Enter the IP Address of the management Host. UDP Port: Enter the number of the UDP port used to send notifications. The UDP port functions with the IP address for the notification sending. The default is 162. User: Enter the User name of the management station. Security Model: Select the Security Model of the management station.
¾ Notification Table Select: Select the desired management station. entry to delete the corresponding IP Address: Displays the IP Address of the management host. UDP Port: Displays the UDP port used to send notifications. User: Displays the User name of the management station. Security Model: Displays the Security Model of the management station. Security Level: Displays the Security Level for the SNMP v3 User. Type: Displays the type of the notifications.
The RMON Groups can be configured on the History Control, Event Config and Alarm Config pages. 12.3.1 History Control On this page, you can configure the History Group for RMON. Choose the menu SNMP→RMON→History Control to load the following page. Figure 12-9 History Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ History Control Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry.
Figure 12-10 Event Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Event Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry. User: Enter the name of the User or the community to which the event belongs. Description: Give a description to the event for identification. Type: Select the event type, which determines the act way of the network device in response to an event. • None: No processing. • Log: Logging the event.
Figure 12-11 Alarm Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Alarm Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry. Variable: Select the alarm variables from the pull-down list. Port: Select the port on which the Alarm entry acts. Sample Type: Specify the sampling method for the selected variable and comparing the value against the thresholds.
Interval: Enter the alarm interval time in seconds. Owner: Enter the name of the device or user that defined the entry. Status: Select Enable/Disable the corresponding alarm entry. Note: When alarm variables exceed the Threshold on the same direction continuously for several times, an alarm event will only be generated on the first time, that is, the Rising Alarm and Falling Alarm are triggered alternately for that the alarm following to Rising Alarm is certainly a Falling Alarm and vice versa.
Chapter 13 Cluster With the development of network technology, the network scale is getting larger and more network devices are required, which may result in a more complicated network management system. As a large number of devices need to be assigned different network addresses and every management device needs to be respectively configured to meet the application requirements, manpower are needed. The Cluster Management function can solve the above problem.
z The current switch you create cluster is specified as the commander switch. z The commander switch discovers and determines candidate switches by collecting related information. z After being added to the cluster, the candidate switch becomes to be the member switch, z After being removed from the cluster, the member switch becomes to be the candidate switch. z The commander switch becomes to be the candidate switch only when the cluster is deleted.
Figure 13-2 Neighbor Information The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Neighbor Search Option: ¾ Select the information the desired entry should contain and then click the Search button to display the desired entry in the following Neighbor Information table. Neighbor Info Native Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Remote Port: Displays the port number of the neighbor switch which is connected to the corresponding port.
Figure 13-3 NDP Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config NDP: Displays the global NDP status (enabled or disabled) for the switch. Aging Time: Displays the period for the neighbor switch to keep the NDP packets from this switch. Hello Time: Displays the interval to send NDP packets. Port Status Port: Displays the port number of the switch. NDP: Displays the NDP status (enabled or disabled) for the current port.
Detail： Click the Detail button to view the complete information collected for the port. 13.1.3 NDP Config On this page you can configure the NDP function for the switch. Choose the menu Cluster→NDP→NDP Config to load the following page. Figure 13-4 NDP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config NDP: Select Enable/Disable NDP function globally. Aging Time: Enter the period for the neighbor switch to keep the NDP packets from this switch.
Enable: Click the Enable button to enable NDP for the port you select. Disable: Click the Disable button to disable NDP for the port you select. Note: 1. NDP function is effective only when NDP function is enabled globally and for the port. 2. The aging time should be set over the hello time value, otherwise the neighbor information table of NDP ports will be unstable. 13.2 NTDP NTDP (Neighbor Topology Discovery Protocol）is used for the commander switch to collect NDP information.
Cluster Name: Displays the cluster name of this device. Role: Displays the role this device plays in the cluster. z z z z Commander: Indicates the device that can configure and manage all the devices in a cluster. Member: Indicates the device that is managed in a cluster. Candidate: Indicates the device that does not belong to any cluster though it can be added to a cluster. Individual: Indicates the device with cluster feature disabled. Hops: Displays the hop count from this device to the switch.
Figure 13-7 NTDP Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config NTDP: Displays the NTDP status (enabled or disabled) of the switch globally. NTDP Interval Time: Displays the interval to collect topology information. NTDP Hops: Displays the hop count the switch topology collects. NTDP Hop Delay: Displays the time between the switch receiving NTDP request packets and the switch forwarding NTDP request packets for the first time.
Figure 13-8 NTDP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config NTDP: Select Enable/Disable NTDP for the switch globally. NTDP Interval Time: Enter the interval to collect topology information. The default is 1 minute. NTDP Hops: Enter the hop count the switch topology collects. The default is 3 hops. NTDP Hop Delay: Enter the time between the switch receiving NTDP request packets and the switch forwarding NTDP request packets for the first time.
Enable: Click the Enable button to enable NTDP feature for the port you select. Disable: Click the Disable button to disable NTDP feature for the port you select. Note: NTDP function is effective only when NTDP function is enabled globally and for the port. 13.3 Cluster A commander switch can recognize and add the candidate switch to a cluster automatically based on NDP and NTDP. You can manually add the candidate switch to a cluster.
Figure 13-10 Cluster Summary for Member Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ z Global Config Cluster: Displays the cluster status (enabled or disabled) of the switch. Cluster Role: Displays the role the switch plays in the cluster. Cluster Name: Displays the name of the current cluster the switch belongs to. Commander MAC: Displays the MAC address of the commander switch.
Figure 13-12 Cluster Configuration for Candidate Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Current Role Role: ¾ Role Change Individual: z Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster. Select this option to change the role of the switch to be individual switch. For a member switch, the following page is displayed.
Figure 13-14 Cluster Configuration for Individual Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Current Role Role: ¾ Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster. Role Change Candidate: Select this option to change the role of the switch to be candidate switch. 13.
Figure 13-15 Network diagram ¾ Configuration Procedure z Configure the member switch Step Operation Description 1 Enable NDP function on the switch and for port 1 On Cluster→NDP→NDP Config page, enable NDP function. 2 Enable NTDP function on the switch and for port 1 On Cluster→NTDP→NTDP Config page, enable NTDP function.
4 Configure the member switch On Cluster→Cluster→Member Config page, select the member switch and click the Manage button to log on to its Web management page. Or On Cluster→Cluster→Cluster Topology page, double-click the switch icon to view its detailed information; click the switch icon and click the Manage button to log on to the Web management page.
Chapter 14 Maintenance Maintenance module, assembling the commonly used system tools to manage the switch, provides the convenient method to locate and solve the network problem. （1） System Monitor: Monitor the utilization status of the memory and the CPU of switch. （2） Log: View the configuration parameters of the switch and find out the errors via the Logs. （3） Cable Test: Test the connection status of the cable to locate and diagnose the trouble spot of the network.
Figure 14-1 CPU Monitor Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its CPU utilization rate every four seconds. 14.1.2 Memory Monitor Choose the menu Maintenance→System Monitor→Memory Monitor to load the following page.
Figure 14-2 Memory Monitor Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its Memory utilization rate every four seconds. 14.2 Log The Log system of switch can record, classify and manage the system information effectively, providing powerful support for network administrator to monitor network operation and diagnose malfunction. The Logs of switch are classified into the following eight levels. Severity Level Description emergencies 0 The system is unusable.
The Log function is implemented on the Log Table, Local Log, Remote Log and Backup Log pages. 14.2.1 Log Table The switch supports logs output to two directions, namely, log buffer and log file. The information in log buffer will be lost after the switch is rebooted or powered off whereas the information in log file will be kept effective even the switch is rebooted or powered off. Log Table displays the system log information in log buffer.
14.2.2 Local Log Local Log is the log information saved in switch. By default, all system logs are saved in log buffer and the logs with severities from level_0 to level_4 are saved in log file meanwhile. On this page, you can set the output channel for logs. Choose the menu Maintenance→Log→Local Log to load the following page. Figure 14-4 Local Log The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Local Log Config Select: Select the desired entry to configure the corresponding local log.
Figure 14-5 Log Host The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Log Host Index: Displays the index of the log host. The switch supports 4 log hosts. Host IP: Configure the IP for the log host. UDP Port: Displays the UDP port used for receiving/sending log information. Here we use the standard port 514. Severity: Specify the severity level of the log information sent to each log host. Only the log with the same or smaller severity level value will be sent to the corresponding log host.
The following entry is displayed on this screen: ¾ Backup Log Backup Log: Click the Backup Log button to save the log as a file to your computer. Note: It will take a few minutes to backup the log file. Please wait without any operation. 14.3 Device Diagnose This switch provides Cable Test and Loopback functions for device diagnose. 14.3.
Note: 1. The Length displayed here is the length of pair cable not that of the physical cable. 2. The test result is just for your reference. 14.3.2 Loopback Loopback test function, looping the sender and the receiver of the signal, is used to test whether the port of the switch is available as well as to check and analyze the physical connection status of the port to help you locate and solve network malfunctions. Choose the menu Maintenance→Device Diagnose→Loopback to load the following page.
Choose the menu Maintenance→Network Diagnose→Ping to load the following page. Figure 14-9 Ping The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Ping Config Destination IP: Enter the IP address of the destination node for Ping test. Ping Times: Enter the amount of times to send test data during Ping testing. The default value is recommended. Data Size: Enter the size of the sending data during Ping testing. The default value is recommended.
Figure 14-10 Tracert The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Tracert Config Destination IP: Enter the IP address of the destination device. Max Hop: Specify the maximum number of the route hops the test data can pass through.
Appendix A: Specifications IEEE802.3 10Base-T Ethernet IEEE802.3u 100Base-TX/100Base-FX Fast Ethernet IEEE802.3ab 1000Base-T Gigabit Ethernet Standards IEEE802.3z 1000Base-X Gigabit Ethernet IEEE802.3x Flow Control IEEE802.1p QoS IEEE802.1q VLAN IEEE802.1X Port-based Access Authentication Ethernet: 10Mbps HD，20Mbps FD Transmission Rate Fast Ethernet: 100Mbps HD，200Mbps FD Gigabit Ethernet: 2000Mbps FD 10Base-T: UTP/STP of Cat. 3 or above 100Base-TX: UTP/STP of Cat.
Appendix B: Configuring the PCs In this section, we’ll introduce how to install and configure the TCP/IP correctly in Windows 2000. First make sure your Ethernet Adapter is working, refer to the adapter’s manual if necessary. 1) On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Control Panel. 2) Click the Network and Internet Connections icon, and then click on the Network Connections tab in the appearing window.
5) The following TCP/IP Properties window will display and the IP Address tab is open on this window by default. Figure B-3 6) Select Use the following IP address. And the following items will be available. If the switch's IP address is 192.168.0.1, specify IP address as 192.168.0.x (x is from 2 to 254), and the Subnet mask as 255.255.255.0. Now: Click OK to save your settings.
Appendix C: Load Software using FTP If there is something wrong with the firmware of the switch and the switch cannot be launched, you can load firmware to the switch via FTP function. FTP (File Transfer Protocol), a protocol in the application layer, is mainly used to transfer files between the remote server and the local PCs. It is a common protocol used in the IP network for files transfer. 1. Hardware Installation Figure C-1 1） Connect FTP server to port 1 of the switch.
Figure C-2 Open Hyper Terminal 2） The Connection Description Window will prompt shown as Figure C-3. Enter a name into the Name field and click OK. Figure C-3 Connection Description 3） Select the port to connect in the following figure and then click OK.
Figure C-4 Select the port to connect 4） Configure the port selected in the step above shown as the following figure. Configure Bits per second as 38400, Data bits as 8, Parity as None, Stop bits as 1, Flow control as None, and then click OK. Figure C-5 Port Settings 3. Download Firmware via bootUtil menu To download firmware to the switch via FTP function, you need to enter into the bootUtil menu of the switch and take the following steps.
Figure C-6 bootUtil Menu As the prompt is displayed for a short time, you are suggested not to release the CTRL-B key until you enter into bootUtil menu after powering on the switch. 3） After entering into bootUtil menu, please firstly configure the IP parameters of the switch. The format is: ifconfig ip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx mask 255.255.255.0 gateway xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. For example: Configure the IP address as 172.31.70.22, mask as 255.255.255.0 and gateway as172.31.70.1.
[TP-LINK] : start Start . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix D: 802.1X Client Software In 802.1X mechanism, the supplicant Client should be equipped with the corresponding client software complied with 802.1X protocol standard for 802.1X authentication. When the switch TL-SG3216 works as the authenticator system, please take the following instructions to install the TpSupplicant provided on the attached CD for the supplicant Client. 1. 1) Installation Guide Insert the provided CD into your CD-ROM drive.
Figure D-3 Welcome to the InstallShield Wizard 4) To continue, choose the destination location for the installation files and click Next on the following screen. Figure D-4 Choose Destination Location By default, the installation files are saved on the Program Files folder of system disk. Click the Change button to modify the destination location proper to your need. 5) Till now, The Wizard is ready to begin the installation. Click Install to start the installation on the following screen.
Figure D-5 Install the Program 6) The InstallShield Wizard is installing TpSupplicant-V2.0 shown as the following screen. Please wait. Figure D-6 Setup Status 7) On the following screen, click Finish to complete the installation.
Figure D-7 InstallShield Wizard Complete Note: Please pay attention to the tips on the above screen. If you have not installed WinPcap 4.0.2 or the higher version on your computer, the 802.1X Client Software TpSupplicant can not work. It’s recommended to go to http://www.winpcap.org to download the latest version of WinPcap for installation. 2.
Figure D-9 Preparing Setup 3) On the continued screen, click Yes to remove the application from your PC. Figure D-10 Uninstall the Application 4) Click Finish to complete. Figure D-11 Uninstall Complete 3. 1) Configuration After completing installation, double click the icon Software. The following screen will appear. 224 to run the TP-LINK 802.
Figure D-12 TP-LINK 802.1X Client Enter the Name and the Password specified in the Authentication Server. The length of Name and Password should be less than 15 characters. 2) Click the Properties button on Figure D-12 to load the following screen for configuring the connection properties. Figure D-13 Connection Properties Send 802.1X protocol packets by Unicast: When this option is selected, the Client will send the EAPOL Start packets to the switch via multicast and send the 802.
3) To continue, click Connect button after entering the Name and Password on Figure D-12. Then the following screen will appear to prompt that the Radius server is being searched. Figure D-14 Authentication Dialog 4) When passing the authentication, the following screen will appear. Figure D-15 Successfully Authenticated 5) on the right corner of desktop, and then the following connection Double click the icon status screen will pop up. Figure D-16 Connection Status 4.
A1: It’s because the supported DLL file is missing. You are suggested to go to http://www.winpcap.org to download WinPcap 4.0.2 or the higher version for installation, and run the client software again. Q2: Is this TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software compliable with the switches of the other manufacturers? A2: No. This TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software is customized for TP-LINK switches. Q3: Is it safe to set the password being automatically saved？ A3: Yes.
Appendix E: Glossary Access Control List (ACL) ACLs can limit network traffic and restrict access to certain users or devices by checking each packet for certain IP or MAC (i.e., Layer 2) information. Boot Protocol (BOOTP) BOOTP is used to provide bootup information for network devices, including IP address information, the address of the TFTP server that contains the devices system files, and the name of the boot file.
Generic Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) GMRP allows network devices to register end stations with multicast groups. GMRP requires that any participating network devices or end stations comply with the IEEE 802.1p standard. Group Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP) See Generic Attribute Registration Protocol. IEEE 802.1D Specifies a general method for the operation of MAC bridges, including the Spanning Tree Protocol. IEEE 802.
Layer 2 Data Link layer in the ISO 7-Layer Data Communications Protocol. This is related directly to the hardware interface for network devices and passes on traffic based on MAC addresses. Link Aggregation See Port Trunk. Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) Allows ports to automatically negotiate a trunked link with LACP-configured ports on another device. Management Information Base (MIB) An acronym for Management Information Base.
Secure Shell (SSH) A secure replacement for remote access functions, including Telnet. SSH can authenticate users with a cryptographic key, and encrypt data connections between management clients and the switch. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) The application protocol in the Internet suite of protocols which offers network management services. Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) SNTP allows a device to set its internal clock based on periodic updates from a Network Time Protocol (NTP) server.
