TL-SG5428 24-Port Gigabit L2 Managed Switch with 4 SFP Slots TL-SG5412F 12-Port Gigabit SFP L2 Managed Switch with 4 Combo 1000BASE-T Ports Rev: 2.0.
COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKS Specifications are subject to change without notice. is a registered trademark of TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD Other brands and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. No part of the specifications may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative such as translation, transformation, or adaptation without permission from TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD Copyright © 2012 TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Продукт сертифіковано згідно с правилами системи УкрСЕПРО на відповідність вимогам нормативних документів та вимогам, що передбачені чинними законодавчими актами України.
CONTENTS Package Contents ..........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 About this Guide...........................................................................................................2 1.1 Intended Readers .........................................................................................................2 1.2 Conventions.................................................................................
.2 5.3 5.4 5.1.2 Port Mirror ........................................................................................................31 5.1.3 Port Security ....................................................................................................33 5.1.4 Port Isolation ....................................................................................................35 LAG ...................................................................................................................
7.2 Port Config..................................................................................................................85 7.3 MSTP Instance ...........................................................................................................87 7.4 7.5 7.3.1 Region Config ..................................................................................................88 7.3.2 Instance Config ............................................................................................
10.2 10.3 10.4 10.1.1 Time-Range Summary ...................................................................................131 10.1.2 Time-Range Create........................................................................................132 10.1.3 Holiday Config................................................................................................133 ACL Config ...............................................................................................................133 10.2.
12.1.3 SNMP Group..................................................................................................176 12.1.4 SNMP User ....................................................................................................177 12.1.5 SNMP Community..........................................................................................179 12.2 Notification................................................................................................................181 12.3 RMON......
15.3 15.4 15.2.2 Local Log .......................................................................................................222 15.2.3 Remote Log ...................................................................................................222 15.2.4 Backup Log ....................................................................................................223 Device Diagnose.......................................................................................................224 15.3.
Package Contents The following items should be found in your box: One JetStream L2 Managed Switch One power cord One console cable Two mounting brackets and other fittings Installation Guide Resource CD for TL-SG5428/TL-SG5412F Switch, including: This User Guide Other Helpful Information Note: Make sure that the package contains the above items. If any of the listed items are damaged or missing, please contact your distributor.
Chapter 1 About this Guide This User Guide contains information for setup and management of TL-SG5428/TL-SG5412F JetStream L2 Managed Switch. Please read this guide carefully before operation. 1.1 Intended Readers This Guide is intended for network managers familiar with IT concepts and network terminologies. 1.2 Conventions In this Guide the following conventions are used: The switch mentioned in this Guide stands for TL-SG5428/TL-SG5412F JetStream L2 Managed Switch without any explanation.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 4 System This module is used to configure system properties of the switch. Here mainly introduces: Chapter 5 Switching Chapter 6 VLAN Chapter 7 Spanning Tree System Info: Configure the description, system time and network parameters of the switch. User Manage: Configure the user name and password for users to log on to the Web management page with a certain access level. System Tools: Manage the configuration file of the switch.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 8 Multicast This module is used to configure multicast function of the switch. Here mainly introduces: Chapter 9 QoS Chapter 10 ACL Chapter 11 Network Security IGMP Snooping: Configure global parameters of IGMP Snooping function, port properties, VLAN and multicast VLAN. Multicast IP: Configure multicast IP table. Multicast Filter: Configure multicast filter feature to restrict users ordering multicast programs.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 12 SNMP This module is used to configure SNMP function to provide a management frame to monitor and maintain the network devices. Here mainly introduces: Chapter 13 LLDP Chapter 14 Cluster Chapter 15 Maintenance SNMP Config: Configure global settings of SNMP function. Notification: Configure notification function for the management station to monitor and process the events. RMON: Configure RMON function to monitor network more efficiently.
Chapter Introduction Appendix D Glossary Lists the glossary used in this manual.
Chapter 2 Introduction Thanks for choosing the TL-SG5428/TL-SG5412F JetStream L2 Managed Switch! 2.1 Overview of the Switch TL-SG5428 and TL-SG5412F are Gigabit Ethernet switching products recently developed by TP-LINK. TL-SG5428 possesses 24 RJ45 ports and 4 SFP slots, while TL-SG5412F characterizing with 12 SFP slots and 4 RJ45 ports. The SFP slot enables remote connection with SFP slots on other devices through SFP module and fiber. TL-SG5412F is compatible with all kinds of gigabit SFP modules.
+ Dynamic ARP Inspection blocks ARP packets from unauthorized hosts, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks. + L2/L3/L4 Access Control Lists restrict untrusted access to the protected resource. + Provides SSHv1/v2, SSL 2.0/3.0 and TLS v1 for access encryption. Manageability + IP Clustering provides high scalability and easy Single-IP-Management. + Supports Telnet, CLI, SNMP v1/v2c/v3, RMON and web access. + Port Mirroring enables monitoring selected ingress/egress traffic. 2.3 Appearance Description 2.3.
LEDs ( for TL-SG5412F) Name Status On PWR The Switch is powered on Off/Flashing Flashing SYS On/Off Link/Act The Switch works properly The Switch works improperly A 1000Mbps device is linked to the corresponding port and there is no activity Flashing A 1000Mbps device is linked to the corresponding port and data is being transmitted or received On A 10/100Mbps device is linked to the corresponding port and there is no activity Flashing A 10/100Mbps device is linked to the corresponding port
Chapter 3 Login to the Switch 3.1 Login 1) To access the configuration utility, open a web-browser and type in the default address http://192.168.0.1 in the address field of the browser, then press the Enter key. Figure 3-1 Web-browser Tips: To log on to the Switch, the IP address of your PC should be set in the same subnet addresses of the Switch. The IP address is 192.168.0.x ("x" is any number from 2 to 254), Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0.
Figure 3-3 Main Setup-Menu of TL-SG5428 Figure 3-4 Main Setup-Menu of TL-SG5412F Note: Clicking Apply can only make the new configurations effective before the switch is rebooted. If you want to keep the configurations effective even the switch is rebooted, please click Saving Config. You are suggested to click Saving Config before cutting off the power or rebooting the switch to avoid losing the new configurations.
Chapter 4 System The System module is mainly for system configuration of the switch, including four submenus: System Info, User Manage, System Tools and Access Security. 4.1 System Info The System Info, mainly for basic properties configuration, can be implemented on System Summary, Device Description, System Time and System IP pages. 4.1.1 System Summary On this page you can view the port connection status and the system information.
When the cursor moves on the port, the detailed information of the port will be displayed. Figure 4-2 Port Information Port Info Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Type: Displays the type of the port. Rate: Displays the maximum transmission rate of the port. Status: Displays the connection status of the port. Click a port to display the bandwidth utilization on this port. The actual rate divided by theoretical maximum rate is the bandwidth utilization.
4.1.2 Device Description On this page you can configure the description of the switch, including device name, device location and system contact. Choose the menu System→System Info→Device Description to load the following page. Figure 4-4 Device Description The following entries are displayed on this screen: Device Description Device Name: Enter the name of the switch. Device Location: Enter the location of the switch. System Contact: Enter your contact information. 4.1.
Figure 4-5 System Time The following entries are displayed on this screen: Time Info Current System Date: Displays the current date and time of the switch. Current Time Source: Displays the current time source of the switch. Time Config Manual: When this option is selected, you can set the date and time manually. Get GMT: When this option is selected, you can configure the time zone and the IP Address for the NTP Server.
Start Time: Select start time. End Time: Select end time. Note: 1. The system time will be restored to the default when the switch is restarted and you need reconfigure the system time of the switch. 2. When Get GMT is selected and no time server is configured, the switch will get time from the time server of the Internet if it has connected to the Internet. 4.1.4 System IP Each device in the network possesses a unique IP Address.
Management VLAN: Enter the ID of management VLAN, the only VLAN through which you can get access to the switch. By default VLAN1 owning all the ports is the Management VLAN and you can access the switch via any port on the switch. However, if another VLAN is created and set to be the Management VLAN, you may have to reconnect the management station to a port that is a member of the Management VLAN. IP Address: Enter the system IP of the switch. The default system IP is 192.168.0.
4.2.2 User Config On this page you can configure the access level of the user to log on to the Web management page. The switch provides two access levels: Guest and Admin. The guest only can view the settings without the right to configure the switch; the admin can configure all the functions of the switch. The Web management pages contained in this guide are subject to the admin’s login without any explanation. Choose the menu System→User Manage→User Config to load the following page.
User ID, Name, Access Level and status: Displays the current user ID, user name, access level and user status. Operation: Click the Edit button of the desired entry, and you can edit the corresponding user information. After modifying the settings, please click the Modify button to make the modification effective. Access level and user status of the current user information can’t be modified. 4.
4.3.2 Config Backup On this page you can download the current configuration and save it as a file to your computer for your future configuration restore. Choose the menu System→System Tools→Config Backup to load the following page. Figure 4-10 Config Backup The following entries are displayed on this screen: Config Backup Backup Config: Click the Backup Config button to save the current configuration as a file to your computer. You are suggested to take this measure before upgrading.
Note: 1. Don’t interrupt the upgrade. 2. Please select the proper software version matching with your hardware to upgrade. 3. To avoid damage, please don't turn off the device while upgrading. 4. After upgrading, the device will reboot automatically. 5. You are suggested to backup the configuration before upgrading. 4.3.4 System Reboot On this page you can reboot the switch and return to the login page.
4.4 Access Security Access Security provides different security measures for the remote login so as to enhance the configuration management security. It can be implemented on Access Control, SSL Config and SSH Config pages. 4.4.1 Access Control On this page you can control the users logging on to the Web management page to enhance the configuration management security. The definitions of Admin and Guest refer to 4.
IP Address&Mask: These fields can be available for configuration only when IP-based mode is selected. Only the users within the IP-range you set here are allowed for login. MAC Address: The field can be available for configuration only when MAC-based mode is selected. Only the user with this MAC Address you set here is allowed for login. Port: The field can be available for configuration only when Port-based mode is selected.
Figure 4-15 SSL Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config SSL: Certificate Download Certificate File: Select Enable/Disable the SSL function on the switch. Select the desired certificate to download to the switch. The certificate must be BASE64 encoded. Key Download Key File: Select the desired SSL Key to download to the switch. The key must be BASE64 encoded. Note: 1.
an insecure network environment. It can encrypt all the transmission data and prevent the information in a remote management being leaked. Comprising server and client, SSH has two versions, V1 and V2 which are not compatible with each other. In the communication, SSH server and client can auto-negotiate the SSH version and the encryption algorithm.
Key Download Key Type: Select the type of SSH Key to download. The switch supports three types: SSH-1 RSA, SSH-2 RSA and SSH-2 DSA. Key File: Select the desired key file to download. Download: Click the Download button to down the desired key file to the switch. Note: 1. Please ensure the key length of the downloaded file is in the range of 256 to 3072 bits. 2. After the Key File is downloaded, the user’s original key of the same type will be replaced.
Application Example 2 for SSH: Network Requirements 1. Log on to the switch via password authentication using SSH and the SSH function is enabled on the switch. 2. PuTTY client software is recommended. Configuration Procedure 1. Select the key type and key length, and generate SSH key. Note: 1. The key length is in the range of 256 to 3072 bits. 2. During the key generation, randomly moving the mouse quickly can accelerate the key generation. 2.
3. On the Web management page of the switch, download the public key file saved in the computer to the switch. Note: 1. The key type should accord with the type of the key file. 2. The SSH key downloading can not be interrupted. 4. Download the private key file to SSH client software.
5. After the public key and private key are downloaded, please log on to the interface of PuTTY and enter the IP address for login. After successful authentication, please enter the login user name. If you log on to the switch without entering password, it indicates that the key has been successfully downloaded.
Chapter 5 Switching Switching module is used to configure the basic functions of the switch, including four submenus: Port, LAG, Traffic Monitor and MAC Address. 5.1 Port The Port function, allowing you to configure the basic features for the port, is implemented on the Port Config, Port Mirror, Port Security and Port Isolation pages. 5.1.1 Port Config On this page, you can configure the basic parameters for the ports. When the port is disabled, the packets on the port will be discarded.
Description: Give a description to the port for identification. Status: Allows you to Enable/Disable the port. When Enable is selected, the port can forward the packets normally. Speed and Duplex: Select the Speed and Duplex mode for the port. The device connected to the switch should be in the same Speed and Duplex mode with the switch. When “Auto” is selected, the Speed and Duplex mode will be determined by auto-negotiation. Flow Control: Allows you to Enable/Disable the Flow Control feature.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Mirror Group List Group: Displays the mirror group number. Mirroring: Displays the mirroring port number. Mode: Displays the mirror mode. Mirrored Port: Displays the mirrored ports. Operation: Click Edit to configure the mirror group. Click Edit to display the following figure. Figure 5-3 Mirroring Port The following entries are displayed on this screen: Mirror Group Number: Select the mirror group number you want to configure.
Mirroring Port Mirroring Port: Select the mirroring port number. Mirrored Port Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port as a mirrored port. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Ingress: Select Enable/Disable the Ingress feature. When the Ingress is enabled, the incoming packets received by the mirrored port will be copied to the mirroring port.
Figure 5-4 Port Security The following entries are displayed on this screen:: Port Security Select: Select the desired port for Port Security configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Max Learned MAC: Specify the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned on the port. Learned Num: Displays the number of MAC addresses that have been learned on the port. Learn Mode: Select the Learn Mode for the port.
Note: 1. The Port Security function is disabled for the LAG port member. Only the port is removed from the LAG, will the Port Security function be available for the port. 2. The Port Security function is disabled when the 802.1X function is enabled. 5.1.4 Port Isolation Port Isolation provides a method of restricting traffic flow to improve the network security by forbidding the port to forward packets to the ports that are not on its forward port list.
Port Isolation List Port: Display the port number. Forward Portlist: Display the forward list. 5.2 LAG LAG (Link Aggregation Group) is to combine a number of ports together to make a single high-bandwidth data path, so as to implement the traffic load sharing among the member ports in the group and to enhance the connection reliability. For the member ports in an aggregation group, their basic configuration must be the same.
Figure 5-6 LAG Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config Aggregate Arithmetic: Select the applied scope of Aggregate Arithmetic, which results in choosing a port to transfer the packets. SRC MAC + DST MAC: When this option is selected, the Aggregate Arithmetic will apply to the source and destination MAC addresses of the packets.
Figure 5-7 Detail Information 5.2.2 Static LAG On this page, you can manually configure the LAG. The LACP feature is disabled for the member ports of the manually added Static LAG. Choose the menu Switching→LAG→Static LAG to load the following page. Figure 5-8 Manually Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: LAG Config Group Number: Select a Group Number for the LAG. Description: Give a description to the LAG for identification.
LAG Table Member Port: Select the port as the LAG member. Clearing all the ports of the LAG will delete this LAG. Tips: 1. The LAG can be deleted by clearing its all member ports. 2. A port can only be added to a LAG. If a port is the member of a LAG or is dynamically aggregated as the LACP member, the port number will be displayed in gray and can not be selected. 5.2.3 LACP Config LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) is defined in IEEE802.
Figure 5-9 LACP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config System Priority: Specify the system priority for the switch. The system priority and MAC address constitute the system identification (ID). A lower system priority value indicates a higher system priority.
priority of the port to be selected as the dynamic aggregation group member. The port with smaller Port Priority will be considered as the preferred one. If the two port priorities are equal; the port with smaller port number is preferred. Status: Enable/Disable the LACP feature for your selected port. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. 5.
Refresh Rate: Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval. Traffic Summary Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Port: Displays the port number. Packets Rx: Displays the number of packets received on the port. The error packets are not counted in. Packets Tx: Displays the number of packets transmitted on the port. Octets Rx: Displays the number of octets received on the port.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Allows you to Enable/Disable refreshing the Traffic Summary automatically. Refresh Rate: Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval. Statistics Port: Enter a port number and click the Select button to view the traffic statistics of the corresponding port. Received: Displays the details of the packets received on the port. Sent: Displays the details of the packets transmitted on the port.
5.4 MAC Address The main function of the switch is forwarding the packets to the correct ports based on the destination MAC address of the packets. Address Table contains the port-based MAC address information, which is the base for the switch to forward packets quickly. The entries in the Address Table can be updated by auto-learning or configured manually. Most the entries are generated and updated by auto-learning.
Figure 5-12 Address Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: Search Option MAC Address: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of your desired entry. Port: Select the corresponding port number of your desired entry. Type: Select the type of your desired entry. All: This option allows the address table to display all the address entries. Static: This option allows the address table to display the static address entries only.
Address Table MAC Address: Displays the MAC address learned by the switch. VLAN ID: Displays the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Port: Displays the corresponding Port number of the MAC address. Type: Displays the Type of the MAC address. Aging Status: Displays the Aging status of the MAC address. 5.4.2 Static Address The static address table maintains the static address entries which can be added or removed manually, independent of the aging time.
Search Option Search Option: Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Static Address Table. MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry. Port: Enter the Port number of your desired entry. Static Address Table Select: Select the entry to delete or modify the corresponding port number. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the static MAC Address.
Figure 5-14 Dynamic Address The following entries are displayed on this screen: Aging Config Auto Aging: Allows you to Enable/Disable the Auto Aging feature. Aging Time: Enter the Aging Time for the dynamic address. Search Option Search Option: Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Dynamic Address Table. MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry.
Select: Select the entry to delete the dynamic address or to bind the MAC address to the corresponding port statically. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the dynamic MAC Address. VLAN ID: Displays the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Port: Displays the corresponding port number of the MAC address. Type: Displays the Type of the MAC address. Aging Status: Displays the Aging Status of the MAC address.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Filtering Address MAC Address: Enter the MAC Address to be filtered. VLAN ID: Enter the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Search Option Search Option: Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Filtering Address Table. MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry.
Chapter 6 VLAN The traditional Ethernet is a data network communication technology based on CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect) via shared communication medium. Through the traditional Ethernet, the overfull hosts in LAN will result in serious collision, flooding broadcasts, poor performance or even breakdown of the Internet.
received untagged packets on the port and match the packets with the Protocol VLAN and 802.1Q VLAN in turn. If a packet is matched, the switch will add a corresponding VLAN tag to it and forward it in the corresponding VLAN. 6.1 802.1Q VLAN VLAN tags in the packets are necessary for the switch to identify packets of different VLANs.
（2） TRUNK: The TRUNK port can be added in multiple VLANs, and the egress rule of the port is TAG. The TRUNK port is generally used to connect the cascaded network devices for it can receive and forward the packets of multiple VLANs. When the packets are forwarded by the TRUNK port, its VLAN tag will not be changed. （3） GENERAL: The GENERAL port can be added in multiple VLANs and set various egress rules according to the different VLANs. The default egress rule is UNTAG.
Choose the menu VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config to load the following page. Figure 6-3 VLAN Table To ensure the normal communication of the factory switch, the default VLAN of all ports is set to VLAN1. The Web Management Page of switch can only be accessed through the ports in VLAN1. VLAN1 can not be modified or deleted. The following entries are displayed on this screen: VLAN Table VLAN ID Select： Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the VLAN ID number you entered.
Figure 6-4 Create or Modify 802.1Q VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of VLAN. Description: Give a description to the VLAN for identification. Check: Click the Check button to check whether the VLAN ID you entered is valid or not. VLAN Members Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port to be a member of VLAN or leave it blank.
Egress Rule: LAG: Select the Egress Rule for the VLAN port member. The default egress rule is UNTAG. TAG: All packets forwarded by the port are tagged. The packets contain VLAN information. UNTAG: Packets forwarded by the port Displays the LAG to which the port belongs. 6.1.2 Port Config Before creating the 802.1Q VLAN, please acquaint yourself with all the devices connected to the switch in order to configure the ports properly. Choose the menu VLAN→802.
Link Type: Select the Link Type from the pull-down list for the port. ACCESS: The ACCESS port can be added in a single VLAN, and the egress rule of the port is UNTAG. The PVID is same as the current VLAN ID. If the current VLAN is deleted, the PVID will be set to 1 by default. TRUNK: The TRUNK port can be added in multiple VLANs, and the egress rule of the port is TAG. The PVID can be set as the VID number of any VLAN the port belongs to.
2 Create VLAN. Required. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, click the Create button to create a VLAN. Enter the VLAN ID and the description for the VLAN. Meanwhile, specify its member ports. 3 Modify/View VLAN. Optional. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, click the Edit/Detail button to modify/view the information of the corresponding VLAN. 4 Delete VLAN Optional. On the VLAN→802.
Choose the menu VLAN→Protocol VLAN→Protocol VLAN to load the following page. Figure 6-7 Create Protocol VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Protocol VLAN Protocol: Select the defined protocol template. VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of the Protocol VLAN. This VLAN should be one of the 802.1Q VLANs the ingress port belongs to. Protocol VLAN Table Select: Select the desired entry. It is multi-optional. Protocol: Displays the protocol template of the VLAN.
Figure 6-8 Create and View Protocol Template The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Protocol Template Protocol Name: Give a name for the Protocol Template. Ether Type: Enter the Ethernet protocol type field in the protocol template. Protocol Template Table Select: Select the desired entry. It is multi-optional. Protocol Name: Displays the name of the protocol template. Ether Type: Displays the Ethernet protocol type field in the protocol template.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Enable Port Enable: Select your desired port for Protocol VLAN feature. All the ports are disabled by default. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Set the link type for port. Required. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, set the link type for the port based on its connected device. 2 Create VLAN. Required. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, click the Create button to create a VLAN.
Network Diagram Configuration Procedure Configure Switch A Step Operation Description 1 Configure the Link Type of the ports Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 2, Port 3 and Port 4 as ACCESS, TRUNK and ACCESS respectively 2 Create VLAN10 Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLANID as 10, owning Port 2 and Port 3. 3 Create VLAN20 Required. On VLAN→802.
Department A has IP host and AppleTalk host; IP host, in VLAN10, is served by IP server while AppleTalk host is served by AppleTalk server; Switch B is connected to IP server and AppleTalk server. Network Diagram Configuration Procedure Configure Switch A Step Operation Description 1 Configure the Link Type of the ports Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 11 and Port 13 as ACCESS, and configure the link type of Port 12 as GENERAL.
4 Create Protocol Template Required. On VLAN→Protocol VLAN→Protocol Template page, configure the protocol template practically. E.g. the Ether Type of IP network packets is 0800 and that of AppleTalk network packets is 809B. 5 Port Enable Required. On the VLAN→Protocol VLAN→Port Enable page, select and enable Port 3, Port 4 and Port 5 for Protocol VLAN feature. 6 Create Protocol VLAN 10 On VLAN→Protocol VLAN→Protocol VLAN page, create protocol VLAN 10 with Protocol as IP.
LACP 0x8809 802.1X 0x888E Table 6-3 Values of Ethernet frame protocol type in common use This VLAN VPN function is implemented on the VPN Config and Port Enable pages. 6.5.1 VPN Config This page allows you to enable the VPN function, adjust the global TPID for VLAN-VPN packets and enable the VPN up-link port. When VPN mode is enabled, the switch will add a tag to the received tagged packet based on the PVID of the received port. Choose the menu “VLAN→VLAN VPN→VPN Config” to load the following page.
Figure 6-11 Enable VLAN VPN for Port Select your desired port for VLAN VPN function. All the ports are disabled for VLAN VPN function by default. Configuration Procedure of VLAN VPN Function: Step Operation Description 1 Enable VPN mode. Required. On the VLAN→VLAN VPN→VPN Config page, enable the VPN mode. 2 Configure the global TPID. Optional. On the VLAN→VLAN VPN→VPN Config page, configure the global TPID based on the devices connected to the up-link port. 3 Set the VPN up-link port. Required.
Leave Message: When a GARP entity expects other switches to deregister certain attribute information of its own, it sends out a Leave message. And when receiving the Leave message from the other entity or deregistering some attributes statically, the device also sends out a Leave message. LeaveAll Message: Once a GARP entity starts up, it starts the LeaveAll timer. After the timer times out, the GARP entity sends out a LeaveAll message.
Figure 6-12 GVRP Config Note: If the GVRP feature is enabled for a member port of LAG, please ensure all the member ports of this LAG are set to be in the same status and registration mode. The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config GVRP: Allows you to Enable/Disable the GVRP function. Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for configuration.
Registration Mode: Select the Registration Mode for the port. Normal: In this mode, a port can dynamically register/deregister a VLAN and propagate the dynamic/static VLAN information. Fixed: In this mode, a port cannot register/deregister a VLAN dynamically. It only propagates static VLAN information. Forbidden: In this mode, a port cannot register/deregister VLANs. It only propagates VLAN 1 information.
Private VLAN adopts Layer 2 VLAN structure. A Private VLAN consists of a Primary VLAN and a Secondary VLAN, providing a mechanism for achieving layer-2-separation between ports. For uplink devices, all the packets received from the downstream are without VLAN tags. Uplink devices need to identify Primary VLANs but not Secondary VLANs. Therefore, they can save VLAN resources without considering the VLAN configuration in the lower layer.
2) Port configuration and MAC address duplication should be synchronized on the Switch. Port configuration synchronization is completed in the whole configuration progress and MAC address duplication is implemented while FDB is changing. Port configuration synchronization: when configuring promiscuous and host ports for a Private VLAN, the system will automatically add the promiscuous port and the host port synchronously to the corresponding Primary VLAN and Secondary VLAN.
unicast via the right port, MAC address duplication is used to expand the VLANs the MAC address is in. Normally, the egress ports for forwarding these packets are identified through MAC address learning. For example the switch in Figure 6-13 maintains a MAC address table shown in Table 6-6.
2) When the host port Port2 on the Switch receives this packet, it adds a default VLAN ID 2 to this packet and learns its source MAC address. The MAC address entry, mac_2+VLAN2+Port2 is created, indicating that the egress port for the traffic with destination MAC address mac_2 and VLAN ID 2 is Port2. 3) According to the MAC address duplication, this MAC address entry is copied to VLAN 5, and the switch adds the MAC address entry mac_2+VLAN5+Port2 to its address table.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Private VLAN Primary VLAN: Enter the ID number of the Primary VLAN. Secondary VLAN: Enter the ID number of the Secondary VLAN. Search Option Search Option: Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in Private VLAN. Primary VLAN ID: Enter the Primary VLAN ID number of the desired Private VLAN.
Primary VLAN: Specify the Primary VLAN the port belongs to. Secondary VLAN: Specify the Secondary VLAN the port belongs to. Private VLAN Port Table Port ID: Displays the port number. Port Type: Displays the corresponding Port Type. Operation: Click Remove button to delete the port. Note: 1. A Host Port can only join to a Private VLAN. 2. A Promiscuous Port can only join to a Primary VLAN. 3.
Network Diagram Configuration Procedure Configure Switch A Step 1 Operation Description Create VLAN6 Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLANID as 6, owning Port 1. Configure Switch B Step Operation Description 1 Create VLANs. Private Required. On the VLAN→Private VLAN→PVLAN page, Enter the Primary VLAN 6 and Secondary VLAN 2-3, and then click the Create button. 2 Add Promiscuous port to Private VLANs Required.
Configure Switch C Step Operation Description 1 Create VLANs. Private Required. On the VLAN→Private VLAN→PVLAN page, Enter the Primary VLAN 6 and Secondary VLAN 2-3, and then click the Create button. 2 Add Promiscuous port to Private VLANs Required. On the VLAN→Private VLAN→Port Configure page, configure the port type of Port8 as Promiscuous, enter Primary VLAN 6 and Secondary VLAN 2-3, and click the Add button. 3 Add Host port to Private VLANs Required.
Chapter 7 Spanning Tree STP (Spanning Tree Protocol), subject to IEEE 802.1D standard, is to disbranch a ring network in the Data Link layer in a local network. Devices running STP discover loops in the network and block ports by exchanging information, in that way, a ring network can be disbranched to form a tree-topological ring-free network to prevent packets from being duplicated and forwarded endlessly in the network. BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) is the protocol data that STP and RSTP use.
Figure 7-1 Basic STP diagram STP Timers Hello Time: Hello Time ranges from 1 to 10 seconds. It specifies the interval to send BPDU packets. It is used to test the links. Max. Age: Max. Age ranges from 6 to 40 seconds. It specifies the maximum time the switch can wait without receiving a BPDU before attempting to reconfigure. Forward Delay: Forward Delay ranges from 4 to 30 seconds. It specifies the time for the port to transit its state after the network topology is changed.
Each switch sends out configuration BPDUs and receives a configuration BPDU on one of its ports from another switch. The following table shows the comparing operations. Step Operation 1 If the priority of the BPDU received on the port is lower than that of the BPDU if of the port itself, the switch discards the BPDU and does not change the BPDU of the port.
The condition for the designated port to transit its port state rapidly: The designated port is an edge port or connecting to a point-to-point link. If the designated port is an edge port, it can directly transit to forwarding state; if the designated port is connecting to a point-to-point link, it can transit to forwarding state after getting response from the downstream switch through handshake. RSTP Elements Edge Port: Indicates the port connected directly to terminals.
MSTP MSTP divides a network into several MST regions. The CST is generated between these MST regions, and multiple spanning trees can be generated in each MST region. Each spanning tress is called an instance. As well as STP, MSTP uses BPDUs to generate spanning tree. The only difference is that the BPDU for MSTP carry the MSTP configuration information on the switches.
7.1 STP Config The STP Config function, for global configuration of spanning trees on the switch, can be implemented on STP Config and STP Summary pages. 7.1.1 STP Config Before configuring spanning trees, you should make clear the roles each switch plays in each spanning tree instance. Only one switch can be the root bridge in each spanning tree instance. On this page you can globally configure the spanning tree function and related parameters.
Max Age: Enter a value from 6 to 40 in seconds to specify the maximum time the switch can wait without receiving a BPDU before attempting to reconfigure. The default value is 20 seconds. Forward Delay: Enter a value from 4 to 30 in seconds to specify the time for the port to transit its state after the network topology is changed. 2*(Forward Delay-1) ≥ Max Age. The default value is 15 seconds.
Figure 7-5 STP Summary 7.2 Port Config On this page you can configure the parameters of the ports for CIST Choose the menu Spanning Tree→Port Config to load the following page.
Figure 7-6 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for STP configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Status: Select Enable /Disable STP function for the desired port. Priority: Enter a value from 0 to 240 divisible by 16.
Port Role: Port Status: LAG: Displays the role of the port played in the STP Instance. Root Port: Indicates the port that has the lowest path cost from this bridge to the Root Bridge and forwards packets to the root. Designated Port: Indicates the port that forwards packets to a downstream network segment or switch. Master Port: Indicates the port that connects a MST region to the common root.
7.3.1 Region Config On this page you can configure the name and revision of the MST region Choose the menu Spanning Tree→MSTP Instance→Region Config to load the following page. Figure 7-7 Region Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Region Config Region Name: Create a name for MST region identification using up to 32 characters. Revision: Enter the revision from 0 to 65535 for MST region identification. 7.3.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Instance Table Instance ID Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding Instance ID based on the ID number you entered. Select: Select the desired Instance ID for configuration. It is multi-optional. Instance: Displays Instance ID of the switch. Status: Select Enable/Disable the instance. Priority: Enter the priority of the switch in the instance.
Figure 7-9 Instance Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Config Instance ID: Select the desired instance ID for its port configuration. Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port to specify its priority and path cost. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Priority: Enter the priority of the port in the instance.
Note: The port status of one port in different spanning tree instances can be different. Global configuration Procedure for Spanning Tree function: Step Operation Description 1 Make clear roles the switches play in spanning tree instances: root bridge or designated bridge Preparation. 2 Globally configure parameters MSTP Required. Enable Spanning Tree function on the switch and configure MSTP parameters on Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page. 3 Configure MSTP parameters for ports Required.
Root Protect A CIST and its secondary root bridges are usually located in the high-bandwidth core region. Wrong configuration or malicious attacks may result in configuration BPDU packets with higher priorities being received by the legal root bridge, which causes the current legal root bridge to lose its position and network topology jitter to occur. In this case, flows that should travel along high-speed links may lead to low-speed links, and network congestion may occur.
Figure 7-10 Port Protect The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Protect Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for port protect configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Loop Protect: Loop Protect is to prevent the loops in the network brought by recalculating STP because of link failures and network congestions.
7.4.2 TC Protect When TC Protect is enabled for the port on Port Protect page, the TC threshold and TC protect cycle need to be configured on this page. Choose the menu Spanning Tree→STP Security→TC Protect to load the following page. Figure 7-11 TC Protect The following entries are displayed on this screen: TC Protect TC Threshold: Enter a number from 1 to 100. It is the maximum number of the TC-BPDUs received by the switch in a TC Protect Cycle. The default value is 20.
Configuration Procedure Configure Switch A: Step Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as Trunk, and add the ports to VLAN 101 and VLAN 106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.1Q VLAN. 2 Enable STP function On Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page, enable STP function and select MSTP version. On Spanning Tree→STP Config→Port Config page, enable MSTP function for the port.
Configure Switch C: Step Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as Trunk, and add the ports to VLAN 101 and VLAN 106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.1Q VLAN. 2 Enable STP function On Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page, enable STP function and select MSTP version. On Spanning Tree→STP Config→Port Config page, enable MSTP function for the port.
For Instance 1 (VLAN 101, 103 and 105), the red paths in the following figure are connected links; the gray paths are the blocked links. For Instance 2 (VLAN 102, 104 and 106), the blue paths in the following figure are connected links; the gray paths are the blocked links. Suggestion for Configuration Enable TC Protect function for all the ports of switches. Enable Root Protect function for all the ports of root bridges. Enable Loop Protect function for the non-edge ports.
Chapter 8 Multicast Multicast Overview In the network, packets are sent in three modes: unicast, broadcast and multicast. In unicast, the source server sends separate copy information to each receiver. When a large number of users require this information, the server must send many pieces of information with the same content to the users. Therefore, large bandwidth will be occupied. In broadcast, the system transmits information to all users in a network.
1. Multicast IP Address: As specified by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), Class D IP addresses are used as destination addresses of multicast packets. The multicast IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255. The following table displays the range and description of several special multicast IP addresses. Multicast IP address range Description 224.0.0.0～224.0.0.255 Reserved multicast addresses for routing protocols and other network protocols 224.0.1.0～224.0.1.
IGMP Snooping In the network, the hosts apply to the near Router for joining (leaving) a multicast group by sending IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) messages. When the up-stream device forwards down the multicast data, the switch is responsible for sending them to the hosts. IGMP Snooping is a multicast control mechanism, which can be used on the switch for dynamic registration of the multicast group.
The host, running IGMPv1, does not send IGMP leave message when leaving a multicast group, as a result, the switch can not get the leave information of the host momentarily. However, after leaving the multicast group, the host does not send IGMP report message any more, so the switch will remove the port from the corresponding multicast address table when its member port time times out.
Figure 8-4 Basic Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config IGMP Snooping: Select Enable/Disable IGMP Snooping function globally on the Switch. Unknown Multicast: Select the operation for the switch to process unknown multicast, Forward or Discard. IGMP Snooping Status Description: Displays IGMP Snooping status. Member: Displays the member of the corresponding status. 8.1.2 Port Config On this page you can configure the IGMP feature for ports of the switch.
Figure 8-5 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for IGMP Snooping feature configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port of the Switch. IGMP Snooping: Select Enable/Disable IGMP Snooping for the desired port. Fast Leave: Select Enable/Disable Fast Leave feature for the desired port.
8.1.3 VLAN Config Multicast groups established by IGMP Snooping are based on VLANs. On this page you can configure different IGMP parameters for different VLANs. Choose the menu Multicast→IGMP Snooping→VLAN Config to load the following page. Figure 8-6 VLAN Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID to enable IGMP Snooping for the desired VLAN. Router Port Time: Specify the aging time of the router port.
VLAN Table VLAN ID Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding VLAN ID based on the ID number you entered. Select: Select the desired VLAN ID for configuration. It is multi-optional. VLAN ID: Displays the VLAN ID. Router Port Time: Displays the router port time of the VLAN. Member Port Time: Displays the member port time of the VLAN. Leave Time: Displays the leave time of the VLAN. Router Port: Displays the router port of the VLAN.
Figure 8-7 Multicast VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: Multicast VLAN Multicast VLAN: Select Enable/Disable Multicast VLAN feature. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of the multicast VLAN. Router Port Time: Specify the aging time of the router port. Within this time, if the switch doesn’t receive IGMP query message from the router port, it will consider this port is not a router port any more. Member Port Time: Specify the aging time of the member port.
Configuration procedure: Step Operation 1 Enable IGMP function 2 Create a multicast VLAN 3 Description Snooping Configure parameters multicast VLAN Required. Enable IGMP Snooping globally on the switch and for the port on Multicast→IGMP Snooping→Snooping Config and Port Config page. Required. Create a multicast VLAN and add all the member ports and router ports to the VLAN on the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page. for Configure the link type of the member ports as GENERAL.
Configuration Procedure Step Operation Description 1 Create VLANs Create three VLANs with the VLAN ID 3, 4 and 5 respectively, and specify the description of VLAN3 as Multicast VLAN on VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page. 2 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN function pages. For port 3, configure its link type as GENERAL and its egress rule as TAG, and add it to VLAN3, VLAN4 and VLAN5. For port 4, configure its link type as GENERAL and its egress rule as UNTAG, and add it to VLAN3 and VLAN 4.
8.2 Multicast IP In a network, receivers can join different multicast groups appropriate to their needs. The switch forwards multicast streams based on multicast address table. The Multicast IP can be implemented on Multicast IP Table, Static Multicast IP page. 8.2.1 Multicast IP Table On this page you can view the multicast IP table on the switch. Choose the menu Multicast→Multicast IP→Multicast IP Table to load the following page.
Note: If the configuration on VLAN Config page and multicast VLAN page is changed, the switch will clear up the dynamic multicast addresses in multicast address table and learn new addresses. 8.2.2 Static Multicast IP Static Multicast IP table, isolated from dynamic multicast group and multicast filter, is not learned by IGMP Snooping. It can enhance the quality and security for information transmission in some fixed multicast groups.
Static Multicast IP Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding static multicast IP. It is multi-optional. Multicast IP: Displays the multicast IP. VLAN ID: Displays the VLAN ID of the multicast group. Forward Port: Displays the forward port of the multicast group. 8.3 Multicast Filter When IGMP Snooping is enabled, you can specified the multicast IP-range the ports can join so as to restrict users ordering multicast programs via configuring multicast filter rules.
IP-Range Table IP-Range ID Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding IP-range ID based on the ID number you entered. Select: Select the desired entry to delete or modify the corresponding IP-range. It is multi-optional. IP-Range ID: Displays IP-range ID. Start Multicast IP: Displays start multicast IP of the IP-range. End Multicast IP: Displays end multicast IP of the IP-range. 8.3.2 Port Filter On this page you can configure the multicast filter rules for port.
Select: Select the desired port for multicast filtering. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Filter: Select Enable/Disable multicast filtering feature on the port. Action Mode: Select the action mode to process multicast packets when the multicast IP is in the filtering IP-range. Bound (ID): IP-Range Permit: Only the multicast packets whose multicast IP is in the IP-range will be processed.
Figure 8-12 Packet Statistics The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Select Enable/Disable auto refresh feature. Refresh Period: Enter the time from 3 to 300 in seconds to specify the auto refresh period. IGMP Statistics Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Query Packet: Displays the number of query packets the port received.
Chapter 9 QoS QoS (Quality of Service) functions to provide different quality of service for various network applications and requirements and optimize the bandwidth resource distribution so as to provide a network service experience of a better quality. QoS This switch classifies the ingress packets, maps the packets to different priority queues and then forwards the packets according to specified scheduling algorithms to implement QoS function.
As shown in the figure above, each 802.1Q Tag has a Pri field, comprising 3 bits. The 3-bit priority field is 802.1p priority in the range of 0 to 7. 802.1P priority determines the priority of the packets based on the Pri value. On the Web management page of the switch, you can configure different priority tags mapping to the corresponding priority levels, and then the switch determine which packet is sent preferentially when forwarding packets.
2. WRR-Mode: Weight Round Robin Mode. In this mode, packets in all the queues are sent in order based on the weight value for each queue and every queue can be assured of a certain service time. The weight value indicates the occupied proportion of the resource. WRR queue overcomes the disadvantage of SP queue that the packets in the queues with lower priority can not get service for a long time.
Figure 9-6 Port Priority Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Priority Config Select: Select the desired port to configure its priority. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the physical port number of the switch. Priority: Specify the priority for the port. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to.
scheduling. The switch will control the forwarding sequence of the packets according to the priority queues and scheduling algorithms you set. On this switch, the priority levels are labeled as TC0, TC1… TC3. Choose the menu QoS→DiffServ→Schedule Mode to load the following page. Figure 9-7 Schedule Mode The following entries are displayed on this screen: Schedule Mode Config SP-Mode: Strict-Priority Mode. In this mode, the queue with higher priority will occupy the whole bandwidth.
Figure 9-8 802.1P Priority The following entries are displayed on this screen: 802.1P Priority Config 802.1P Priority: Select Enable/Disable 802.1P Priority. Priority Level Priority Tag: Indicates the precedence level defined by IEEE802.1P. Priority Level: Indicates the priority level the packets with tag are mapped to. The priority levels are labeled as TC0, TC1, TC2 and TC3.
mode; non-IP datagram with 802.1Q tag are mapped to different priority levels based on 802.1P priority mode if 8021.1P Priority mode is enabled; the untagged non-IP datagram are mapped based on port priority mode. Choose the menu QoS→DiffServ→DSCP Priority to load the following page. Figure 9-9 DSCP Priority The following entries are displayed on this screen: DSCP Priority Config DSCP Priority: Select Enable or Disable DSCP Priority.
Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Log on to the DSCP Priority page 2 Enable DP priority function Required. By default, the DSCP priority function is disabled. 3 Map the DSCP priority to the priority level Required. Select DSCP priority and the corresponding priority level. 4 Select a schedule mode Required. Log on to the Schedule Mode page to select a schedule mode. 9.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Rate Limit Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for Rate configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the Switch. Ingress Rate (Kbps): Configure the bandwidth for receiving packets on the port.
Figure 9-11 Storm Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: Storm Control Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for Storm Control configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the Switch. Broadcast Rate (bps): Select the bandwidth for receiving broadcast packets on the port. The packet traffic exceeding the bandwidth will be discarded.
9.3 Voice VLAN Voice VLANs are configured specially for voice data stream. By configuring Voice VLANs and adding the ports with voice devices attached to voice VLANs, you can perform QoS-related configuration for voice data, ensuring the transmission priority of voice data stream and voice quality. OUI Address (Organizationally unique identifier address) The switch can determine whether a received packet is a voice packet by checking its source MAC address.
GENERAL: Supported. The default VLAN of the port can not be voice VLAN and the egress rule of the access port in the default VLAN should be TAG. UNTAG voice stream ACCESS: Supported. TRUNK: Not supported. GENERAL: Supported. The default VLAN of the port can not be voice VLAN and the egress rule of the access port in the voice VLAN should be UNTAG. Manual Mode TAG voice stream ACCESS: Not supported. TRUNK：Supported. The default VLAN of the port can not be voice VLAN. GENERAL：Supported.
Note: Don’t transmit voice stream together with other business packets in the voice VLAN except for some special requirements. The Voice VLAN function can be implemented on Global Config, Port Config and OUI Config pages. 9.3.1 Global Config On this page, you can configure the global parameters of the voice VLAN, including VLAN ID, aging time, the transmission priority of the voice packets and so on. Choose the menu QoS→Voice VLAN→Global Config to load the following page.
Figure 9-13 Port Config Note: To enable voice VLAN function for the LAG member port, please ensure its member state accords with its port mode. If a port is a member port of voice VLAN, changing its port mode to be “Auto” will make the port leave the voice VLAN and will not join the voice VLAN automatically until it receives voice streams.
Security Mode: Configure the security mode for forwarding packets. Disable: All packets are forwarded. Enable: Only voice data are forwarded. Member State: Displays the state of the port in the current voice VLAN. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. 9.3.3 OUI Config The switch supports OUI create and add the MAC address of the special voice device to the OUI table of the switch. The switch determines whether a received packet is a voice packet by checking its OUI address.
Mask: Displays the OUI address mask of the voice device. Description: Displays the description of the OUI. Configuration Procedure of Voice VLAN: Step Operation Description 1 Configure the link type of the port Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of ports of the voice device. 2 Create VLAN Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, click the Create button to create a VLAN. 3 Add OUI address Optional.
Chapter 10 ACL ACL (Access Control List) is used to filter packets by configuring match rules and process policies of packets in order to control the access of the illegal users to the network. Besides, ACL functions to control traffic flows and save network resources. It provides a flexible and secured access control policy and facilitates you to control the network security.
10.1.2 Time-Range Create On this page you can create time-ranges. Choose the menu ACL→Time-Range→Time-Range Create to load the following page. Figure 10-2 Time-Range Create Note: To successfully configure time-ranges, please firstly specify time-slices and then time-ranges. The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Time-Range Name: Enter the name of the time-range for time identification. Holiday: Select Holiday you set as a time-range.
End Time: Displays the end time of the time-slice. Delete: Click the Delete button to delete the corresponding time-slice. 10.1.3 Holiday Config Holiday mode is applied as a different secured access control policy from the week mode. On this page you can define holidays according to your work arrangement. Choose the menu ACL→Time-Range→Holiday Config to load the following page.
The ACL Config function can be implemented on ACL Summary, ACL Create, MAC ACL, Standard-IP ACL and Extend-IP ACL pages. 10.2.1 ACL Summary On this page, you can view the current ACLs configured in the switch. Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→ACL Summary to load the following page. Figure 10-4 ACL Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: Search Option Select ACL: Select the ACL you have created ACL Type: Displays the type of the ACL you select.
ACL ID: Enter ACL ID of the ACL you want to create. Rule Order: User Config order is set to be match order in this ACL. 10.2.3 MAC ACL MAC ACLs analyze and process packets based on a series of match conditions, which can be the source MAC addresses, destination MAC addresses, VLAN ID, and EtherType carried in the packets. Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→MAC ACL to load the following page.
User Priority: Select the user priority contained in the rule for the tagged packets to match. Time-Range: Select the time-range for the rule to take effect. 10.2.4 Standard-IP ACL Standard-IP ACLs analyze and process data packets based on a series of match conditions, which can be the source IP addresses and destination IP addresses carried in the packets. Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL to load the following page.
Figure 10-8 Create Extend-IP Rule The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Extend-IP ACL ACL ID: Select the desired Extend-IP ACL for configuration. Rule ID: Enter the rule ID. Operation: Select the operation for the switch to process packets which match the rules. Permit: Forward packets. Deny: Discard Packets. S-IP: Enter the source IP address contained in the rule. D-IP: Enter the destination IP address contained in the rule. Mask: Enter IP address mask.
10.3 Policy Config A Policy is used to control the data packets those match the corresponding ACL rules by configuring ACLs and actions together for effect. The operations here include stream mirror, stream condition, QoS remarking and redirect. The Policy Config can be implemented on Policy Summary, Police Create and Action Create pages. 10.3.1 Policy Summary On this page, you can view the ACL and the corresponding operations in the policy.
Figure 10-10 Create Policy The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Policy Policy Name: Enter the name of the policy. 10.3.3 Action Create On this page you can add ACLs and create corresponding actions for the policy. Choose the menu ACL→Policy Config→Action Create to load the following page. Figure 10-11 Action Create The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Action Select Policy: Select the name of the policy.
S-Condition: Select S-Condition to limit the transmission rate of the data packets in the policy. Rate: Specify the forwarding rate of the data packets those match the corresponding ACL. Out of Band: Specify the disposal way of the data packets those are transmitted beyond the rate. Redirect: Select Redirect to change the forwarding direction of the data packets in the policy. Destination Port: Forward the data packets those match the corresponding ACL to the specific port. 10.
Direction: Displays the binding direction. 10.4.2 Port Binding On this page you can bind a policy to a port. Choose the menu ACL→Policy Binding→Port Binding to load the following page. Figure 10-13 Bind the policy to the port The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port-Bind Config Policy Name: Select the name of the policy you want to bind. Port: Enter the number of the port you want to bind. Port-Bind Table Index: Displays the index of the binding policy.
VLAN-Bind Config Policy Name: Select the name of the policy you want to bind. VLAN ID: Enter the ID of the VLAN you want to bind. VLAN-Bind Table Index: Displays the index of the binding policy. Policy Name: Displays the name of the binding policy. VLAN ID: Displays the ID of the VLAN bound to the corresponding policy. Direction: Displays the binding direction. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Configure effective time-range Optional.
Configuration Procedure Step Operation Description 1 Create VLANs On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, create VLAN 6, specify its description as RD, configure port 16 and port 2 as the members of VLAN 6. Connect RD department to port 16 of TL-SG5428, and configure the link type of port 16 as GENERAL and its PVID as 6. The IP range of VLAN 6 is 172.31.70.0. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, create VLAN 8, specify its description as Marketing, configure port 18 and port 2 as the members of VLAN 8.
4 Configure for requirement 2 and 3 On ACL→ACL Config→ACL Create page, create ACL 100. On ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL page, select ACL 100, create Rule 1, configure operation as Deny, configure S-IP as 172.31.70.1 and mask as 255.255.255.0, configure D-IP as 172.31.50.1 and mask as 255.255.255.0, configure the time-range as No Limit. On ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL page, select ACL 100, create Rule 2, configure operation as Deny, configure S-IP as 172.31.70.1 and mask as 255.255.255.
Chapter 11 Network Security Network Security module is to provide the multiple protection measures for the network security, including five submenus: IP-MAC Binding, ARP Inspection, IP Source Guard, DoS Defend and 802.1X. Please configure the functions appropriate to your need. 11.1 IP-MAC Binding The IP-MAC Binding function allows you to bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Search Option Source: Select a Source from the pull-down list and click the Search button to view your desired entry in the Binding Table. All: All the bound entries will be displayed. Manual: Only the manually added entries will be displayed. Scanning: Only the entries formed via ARP Scanning will be displayed. Snooping: Only the entries formed via DHCP Snooping will be displayed.
Figure 11-2 Manual Binding The following entries are displayed on this screen: Manual Binding Option Host Name: Enter the Host Name. IP Address: Enter the IP Address of the Host. MAC Address: Enter the MAC Address of the Host. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID. Port: Select the number of port connected to the Host. Protect Type: Select the Protect Type for the entry. Manual Binding Table Select: Select the desired entry to be deleted. It is multi-optional.
11.1.3 ARP Scanning ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to analyze and map IP addresses to the corresponding MAC addresses so that packets can be delivered to their destinations correctly. IP address is the address of the Host on Network layer. MAC address, the address of the Host on Data link layer, is necessary for the packet to reach the very device. So the destination IP address carried in a packet need to be translated into the corresponding MAC address.
Figure 11-4 ARP Scanning The following entries are displayed on this screen: Scanning Option Start IP Address: Specify the Start IP Address. End IP Address: Specify the End IP Address. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID. If blank, the switch will send the untagged packets for scanning. Scan: Click the Scan button to scan the Hosts in the LAN. Scanning Result Select: Select the desired entry to be bound or deleted. Host Name: Displays the Host Name here.
network configuration protocol optimized and developed based on the BOOTP, functions to solve the above mentioned problems. DHCP Working Principle DHCP works via the “Client/Server” communication mode. The Client applies to the Server for configuration. The Server assigns the configuration information, such as the IP address, to the Client, so as to reach a dynamic employ of the network source. A Server can assign the IP address for several Clients, which is illustrated in the following figure.
（1） DHCP-DISCOVER Stage: The Client broadcasts the DHCP-DISCOVER packet to find the DHCP Server. （2） DHCP-OFFER Stage: Upon receiving the DHCP-DISCOVER packet, the DHCP Server selects an IP address from the IP pool according to the assigning priority of the IP addresses and replies to the Client with DHCP-OFFER packet carrying the IP address and other information.
Figure 11-7 DHCP Cheating Attack Implementation Procedure DHCP Snooping feature only allows the port connected to the DHCP Server as the trusted port to forward DHCP packets and thereby ensures that users get proper IP addresses. DHCP Snooping is to monitor the process of the Host obtaining the IP address from DHCP server, and record the IP address, MAC address, VLAN and the connected Port number of the Host for automatic binding.
Figure 11-8 DHCP Snooping Note: 1. If you want to enable the DHCP Snooping feature for the member port of LAG, please ensure the parameters of all the member ports are the same. 2. The DHCP Snooping function and DHCP Relay function can not be enabled at the same time. The following entries are displayed on this screen: DHCP Snooping Config DHCP Snooping: Enable/Disable the DHCP Snooping function globally.
Global Flow Control: Select the value to specify the maximum amount of DHCP messages that can be forwarded by the switch per second. The excessive massages will be discarded. Decline Threshold: Select the value to specify the minimum transmission rate of the Decline packets to trigger the Decline protection for the specific port. Decline Flow Control: Select the value to specify the Decline Flow Control.
11.2 ARP Inspection According to the ARP Implementation Procedure stated in 11.1.3 ARP Scanning, it can be found that ARP protocol can facilitate the Hosts in the same network segment to communicate with one another or access to external network via Gateway. However, since ARP protocol is implemented with the premise that all the Hosts and Gateways are trusted, there are high security risks during ARP Implementation Procedure in the actual complex network.
Figure 11-10 ARP Attack – Cheating Gateway As the above figure shown, the attacker sends the fake ARP packets of Host A to the Gateway, and then the Gateway will automatically update its ARP table after receiving the ARP packets. When the Gateway tries to communicate with Host A in LAN, it will encapsulate this false destination MAC address for packets, which results in a breakdown of the normal communication.
As the above figure shown, the attacker sends the fake ARP packets of Host A to Host B, and then Host B will automatically update its ARP table after receiving the ARP packets. When Host B tries to communicate with Host A, it will encapsulate this false destination MAC address for packets, which results in a breakdown of the normal communication. Man-In-The-Middle Attack The attacker continuously sends the false ARP packets to the Hosts in LAN so as to make the Hosts maintain the wrong ARP table.
ARP Flooding Attack The attacker broadcasts a mass of various fake ARP packets in a network segment to occupy the network bandwidth viciously, which results in a dramatic slowdown of network speed. Meantime, the Gateway learns the false IP address-to-MAC address mapping entries from these ARP packets and updates its ARP table.
Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together. Required. On the IP-MAC Binding page, bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together via Manual Binding, ARP Scanning or DHCP Snooping. 2 Enable the protection for the bound entry. Required. On the Network Security→IP-MAC Binding →Binding Table page, specify a protect type for the corresponding bound entry.
Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select your desired port for configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Defend: Select Enable/Disable the ARP Defend feature for the port. Speed: Enter a value to specify the maximum amount of the received ARP packets per second. Current Speed: Displays the current speed of the received ARP packets. Status: Displays the status of the ARP attack.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the Auto Refresh feature. Refresh Interval: Specify the refresh interval to display the ARP Statistics. Illegal ARP Packet Port: Displays the port number. Trusted Port: Indicates the port is an ARP Trusted Port or not. Illegal ARP Packet: Displays the number of the received illegal ARP packets. 11.3 IP Source Guard IP Source Guard is to filter the IP packets based on the IP-MAC Binding entries.
Select: Select your desired port for configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Security Type: Select Security Type for the port. Disable: Select this option to disable the IP Source Guard feature for the port. SIP: Only the packets with its source IP address and port number matched to the IP-MAC binding rules can be processed. SIP+MAC: Only the packets with its source IP address, source MAC address and port number matched to the IP-MAC binding rules can be processed.
11.4.1 DoS Defend On this page, you can enable the DoS Defend type appropriate to your need. Choose the menu Network Security→DoS Defend→DoS Defend to load the following page. Figure 11-17 DoS Defend The following entries are displayed on this screen: Defend Config DoS Defend: Allows you to Enable/Disable DoS Defend function. Defend Table Select: Select the entry to enable the corresponding Defend Type. Defend Type: Displays the Defend Type name.
protocol enabled, a supplicant can access the LAN only when it passes the authentication, whereas those failing to pass the authentication are denied when accessing the LAN. Architecture of 802.1X Authentication 802.1X adopts a client/server architecture with three entities: a supplicant system, an authenticator system, and an authentication server system, as shown in the following figure. Figure 11-18 Architecture of 802.
system in turn determines the state (authorized or unauthorized) of the controlled port according to the instructions (accept or reject) received from the RADIUS server. 802.1X Authentication Procedure An 802.1X authentication can be initiated by supplicant system or authenticator system. When the authenticator system detects an unauthenticated supplicant in LAN, it will initiate the 802.1X authentication by sending EAP-Request/Identity packets to the supplicant.
3. The 802.1X client program responds by sending an EAP-Response/Identity packet to the switch with the user name included. The switch then encapsulates the packet in a RADIUS Access-Request packet and forwards it to the RADIUS server. 4.
In PAP mode, the switch encrypts the password and sends the user name, the randomly-generated key, and the supplicant system-encrypted password to the RADIUS server for further authentication. Whereas the randomly-generated key in EAP-MD5 relay mode is generated by the authentication server, and the switch is responsible to encapsulate the authentication packet and forward it to the RADIUS server. 802.1X Timer In 802.
Figure 11-21 Global Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config 802.1X: Enable/Disable the 802.1X function. Authentication Method: Select the Authentication Method from the pull-down list. EAP-MD5: IEEE 802.1X authentication system uses extensible authentication protocol (EAP) to exchange information between the switch and the client.
authentication request from the same supplicant during the Quiet Period. Retry Times: Specify the maximum authentication request. transfer times of the repeated Supplicant Timeout: Specify the maximum time for the switch to wait for the response from supplicant before resending a request to the supplicant. Server Timeout: Specify the maximum time for the switch to wait for the response from authentication server before resending a request to the authentication server. 11.5.
Guest VLAN: Select Enable/Disable the Guest VLAN feature for the port. Control Mode: Specify the Control Mode for the port. Control Type: Auto: In this mode, the port will normally work only after passing the 802.1X Authentication. Force-Authorized: In this mode, the port can work normally without passing the 802.1X Authentication. Force-Unauthorized: In this mode, the port is forbidden working for its fixed unauthorized status. Specify the Control Type for the port.
Primary IP: Enter the IP address of the authentication server. Secondary IP: Enter the IP address of the alternate authentication server. Authentication Port: Set the UDP port of authentication server(s). The default port is 1812 Authentication KEY: Set the shared password for the switch and the authentication servers to exchange messages. Accounting Config Accounting: Enable/Disable the accounting feature. Primary IP: Enter the IP address of the accounting server.
Chapter 12 SNMP SNMP Overview SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) has gained the most extensive application on the UDP/IP networks. SNMP provides a management frame to monitor and maintain the network devices. It is used for automatically managing the various network devices no matter the physical differences of the devices. Currently, the most network management systems are based on SNMP.
SNMP v1: SNMP v1 adopts Community Name authentication. The community name is used to define the relation between SNMP Management Station and SNMP Agent. The SNMP packets failing to pass community name authentication are discarded. The community name can limit access to SNMP Agent from SNMP NMS, functioning as a password. SNMP v2c: SNMP v2c also adopts community name authentication. It is compatible with SNMP v1 while enlarges the function of SNMP v1.
The User is configured in a SNMP Group can manage the switch via the client program on management station. The specified User Name and the Auth/Privacy Password are used for SNMP Management Station to access the SNMP Agent, functioning as the password. SNMP module is used to configure the SNMP function of the switch, including three submenus: SNMP Config, Notification and RMON. 12.
Note: The amount of Engine ID characters must be even. 12.1.2 SNMP View The OID (Object Identifier) of the SNMP packets is used to describe the managed objects of the switch, and the MIB (Management Information Base) is the set of the OIDs. The SNMP View is created for the SNMP management station to manage MIB objects. Choose the menu SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP View to load the following page.
12.1.3 SNMP Group On this page, you can configure SNMP Group to control the network access by providing the users in various groups with different management rights via the Read View, Write View and Notify View. Choose the menu SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP Group to load the following page. Figure 12-5 SNMP Group The following entries are displayed on this screen: Group Config Group Name: Enter the SNMP Group name. The Group Name, Security Model and Security Level compose the identifier of the SNMP Group.
Write View: Select the View to be the Write View. The management access is writing only and changes can be made to the assigned SNMP View. The View defined both as the Read View and the Write View can be read and modified. Notify View: Select the View to be the Notify View. The management station can receive notification messages of the assigned SNMP view generated by the Switch's SNMP agent. Group Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding group. It's multi-optional.
Figure 12-6 SNMP User The following entries are displayed on this screen: User Config User Name: Enter the User Name here. User Type: Select the type for the User. Local User: Indicates that the user is connected to a local SNMP engine. Remote User: Indicates that the user is connected to a remote SNMP engine. Group Name: Select the Group Name of the User. The User is classified to the corresponding Group according to its Group Name, Security Model and Security Level.
Privacy Password: Enter the Privacy Password. User Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding User. It is multi-optional. User Name: Displays the name of the User. User Type: Displays the User Type. Group Name: Displays the Group Name of the User. Security Model: Displays the Security Model of the User. Security Level: Displays the Security Level of the User. Auth Mode: Displays the Authentication Mode of the User.
Community Name: Enter the Community Name here. Access: Defines the access rights of the community. MIB View: read-only: Management right of the Community is restricted to read-only, and changes cannot be made to the corresponding View. read-write: Management right of the Community is read-write and changes can be made to the corresponding View. Select the MIB View for the community to access. Community Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding Community.
2 Create SNMP View. 3 Create SNMP Community directly. Configure access level for the User. Required. On the SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP View page, create SNMP View of the management agent. The default View Name is viewDefault and the default OID is 1. Required alternatively. On the SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP Community page, create SNMP Community based on SNMP v1 and SNMP v2c. Create SNMP Group and SNMP User. Create SNMP Community directly. Create SNMP Group and SNMP User.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Notification IP Address: Enter the IP Address of the management Host. UDP Port: Enter the number of the UDP port used to send notifications. The UDP port functions with the IP address for the notification sending. The default is 162. User: Enter the User name of the management station. Security Model: Select the Security Model of the management station. Security Level: Select the Security Level for the SNMP v3 User.
Click the Edit button to modify the corresponding entry and click the Modify button to apply. Operation: 12.3 RMON RMON (Remote Monitoring) based on SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) architecture, functions to monitor the network.
Figure 12-9 History Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: History Control Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry. Port: Specify the port from which the history samples were taken. Interval: Specify the interval to take samplings from the port. Owner: Enter the name of the device or user that defined the entry. Status: Select Enable/Disable the corresponding sampling entry. 12.3.
Figure 12-10 Event Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Event Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry. User: Enter the name of the User or the community to which the event belongs. Description: Give a description to the event for identification. Type: Select the event type, which determines the act way of the network device in response to an event. None: No processing. Log: Logging the event.
Figure 12-11 Alarm Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Alarm Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry. Variable: Select the alarm variables from the pull-down list. Port: Select the port on which the Alarm entry acts. Sample Type: Specify the sampling method for the selected variable and comparing the value against the thresholds.
Owner: Enter the name of the device or user that defined the entry. Status: Select Enable/Disable the corresponding alarm entry. Note: When alarm variables exceed the Threshold on the same direction continuously for several times, an alarm event will only be generated on the first time, that is, the Rising Alarm and Falling Alarm are triggered alternately for that the alarm following to Rising Alarm is certainly a Falling Alarm and vice versa.
Chapter 13 LLDP LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) is a Layer 2 protocol that is used for network devices to advertise their own device information periodically to neighbors on the same IEEE 802 local area network. The advertised information, including details such as device identification, capabilities and configuration settings, is represented in TLV (Type/Length/Value) format according to the IEEE 802.1ab standard, and these TLVs are encapsulated in LLDPDU (Link Layer Discovery Protocol Data Unit).
Disable: the port cannot transmit or receive LLDPDUs. 2) 3) LLDPDU transmission mechanism If the ports are working in TxRx or Tx mode, they will advertise local information by sending LLDPDUs periodically. If there is a change in the local device, the change notification will be advertised.
3 Time To Live Indicates the number of seconds that the neighbor device is to regard the local information to be valid. Mandatory 4 Port Description Identifies the description string of the port. Optional 5 System Name Identifies the system name. Optional 6 System Description Identifies the system description. Optional 7 System Capabilities Identifies the main functions of the system and the functions enabled.
Management TLV Address The Management Address TLV identifies an address associated with the local LLDP agent that may be used to reach higher entities to assist discovery by network management. Port VLAN ID TLV The Port VLAN ID TLV allows a VLAN bridge port to advertise the port's VLAN identifier (PVID) that will be associated with untagged or priority tagged frames. Port And Protocol VLAN ID TLV The Port And Protocol VLAN ID TLV allows a bridge port to advertise a port and protocol VLAN ID.
Figure 13-1 Global Configuration The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config LLDP: Enable/disable LLDP function globally. Parameters Config Transmit Interval: Enter the interval for the local device to transmit LLDPDU to its neighbors. The default value is 30. Hold Multiplier: Enter a multiplier on the Transmit Interval. It determines the actual TTL (Time To Live) value used in an LLDPDU. TTL = Hold Multiplier * Transmit Interval. The default value is 4.
13.1.2 Port Config On this page you can configure all ports' LLDP parameters. Choose the menu LLDP→Basic Config→Port Config to load the following page. Figure 13-2 Port Configuration The following entries are displayed on this screen: LLDP Port Config Port Select: Select the desired port to configure. Admin Status: Select the port’s LLDP operating mode: Tx&Rx: send and receive LLDP frames. Rx_Only: Only receive LLDP frames. Tx_Only: Only send LLDP frames.
13.2.1 Local Info On this page you can see all ports' configuration and system information. Choose the menu LLDP→Device Info→Local Info to load the following page. Figure 13-3 Local Information The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the auto refresh function. Refresh Rate: Specify the auto refresh rate. Local Info Enter the desired port number and click Select to display the information of the corresponding port. 13.2.
Figure 13-4 Neighbor Information The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the auto refresh function. Refresh Rate: Specify the auto refresh rate. Neighbor Info Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Local Port: Displays the local port number connecting to the neighbor device. System Name: Displays the system name of the neighbor device.
Figure 13-5 Device Statistics The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the auto refresh function. Refresh Rate: Specify the auto refresh rate. Global Statistics Last Update: Displays latest update time of the statistics. Total Inserts: Displays the number of neighbors inserted till last update time. Total Deletes: Displays the number of neighbors deleted by local device.
Neighbor Statistics Port Select Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Port: Displays local device's port number. Transmit Total: Displays the number of LLDPDUs sent by this port. Receive Total: Displays the number of LLDPDUs received by this port. Discards: Displays the number of LLDPDUs discarded by this port. Errors: Displays the number of error LLDPDUs received by this port.
Chapter 14 Cluster With the development of network technology, the network scale is getting larger and more network devices are required, which may result in a more complicated network management system. As a large number of devices need to be assigned different network addresses and every management device needs to be respectively configured to meet the application requirements, manpower are needed. The Cluster Management function can solve the above problem.
The commander switch discovers and determines candidate switches by collecting related information. After being added to the cluster, the candidate switch becomes to be the member switch, After being removed from the cluster, the member switch becomes to be the candidate switch. The commander switch becomes to be the candidate switch only when the cluster is deleted.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Neighbor Search Option: Select the information the desired entry should contain and then click the Search button to display the desired entry in the following Neighbor Information table. Neighbor Info Native Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Remote Port: Displays the port number of the neighbor switch which is connected to the corresponding port. Device Name: Displays the name of the neighbor switch.
Global Config NDP: Displays the global NDP status (enabled or disabled) for the switch. Aging Time: Displays the period for the neighbor switch to keep the NDP packets from this switch. Hello Time: Displays the interval to send NDP packets. Port Status Port: Displays the port number of the switch. NDP: Displays the NDP status (enabled or disabled) for the current port. Send NDP Packets: Displays the count of currently sent NDP packets.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config NDP: Select Enable/Disable NDP function globally. Aging Time: Enter the period for the neighbor switch to keep the NDP packets from this switch. Hello Time: Enter the interval to send NDP packets. Port Config Select: Select the desired port to configure its NDP status. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. NDP: Displays NDP status of the current port.
Choose the menu Cluster→NTDP→Device Table to load the following page. Figure 14-5 Device Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: Device Table Device Type: Displays the device description collected through NTDP. Device MAC: Displays the MAC address of this device. Cluster Name: Displays the cluster name of this device. Role: Displays the role this device plays in the cluster. Commander: Indicates the device that can configure and manage all the devices in a cluster.
Click the Detail button to view the complete information of this device and its neighbors. Figure 14-6 Information of the Current Device 14.2.2 NTDP Summary On this page you can view the NTDP configuration. Choose the menu Cluster→NTDP→NTDP Summary to load the following page.
Figure 14-7 NTDP Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config NTDP: Displays the NTDP status (enabled or disabled) of the switch globally. NTDP Interval Time: Displays the interval to collect topology information. NTDP Hops: Displays the hop count the switch topology collects. NTDP Hop Delay: Displays the time between the switch receiving NTDP request packets and the switch forwarding NTDP request packets for the first time.
NTDP: Displays NTDP status (enabled or disabled) of the current port. 14.2.3 NTDP Config On this page you can configure NTDP globally. Choose the menu Cluster→NTDP→NTDP Config to load the following page. Figure 14-8 NTDP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config NTDP: Select Enable/Disable NTDP for the switch globally. NTDP Interval Time: Enter the interval to collect topology information. The default is 1 minute.
NTDP Hop Delay: Enter the time between the switch receiving NTDP request packets and the switch forwarding NTDP request packets for the first time. The default is 200 milliseconds. NTDP Port Delay: Enter the time between the port forwarding NTDP request packets and its adjacent port forwarding NTDP request packets over. The default is 20 milliseconds. Port Config Select: Select the desired port for NTDP status configuration. Port: Displays the port number of the switch.
Global Cluster: Displays the cluster status (enabled or disabled) of the switch. Cluster Role: Displays the role the switch plays in the cluster. For a commander switch，the following page is displayed: Figure 14-10 Cluster Summary for Commander Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config Cluster: Displays the cluster status (enabled or disabled) of the switch. Cluster Role: Displays the role the switch plays in the cluster.
Role: Displays the role the switch plays currently. Online Time: Displays the time when the member switch is added to the cluster. Hops: Displays the hop count from the member switch to the commander switch. For a member switch, the following page is displayed: Figure 14-11 Cluster Summary for Member Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config Cluster: Displays the cluster status (enabled or disabled) of the switch.
Cluster Role: Displays the role the switch plays in the cluster. 14.3.2 Cluster Config On this page you can configure the status of the cluster the switch belongs to. Choose the menu Cluster→Cluster→Cluster Config to load the following page. For a candidate switch, the following page is displayed. Figure 14-13 Cluster Configuration for Candidate Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: Current Role Role: Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster.
Figure 14-14 Cluster Configuration for Commander Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: Current Role Role: Role Change Candidate: Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster. Select this option to change the role of the switch to be candidate switch. Cluster Config Cluster Name: Enter the name of the cluster. Hold Time: Enter the time for the switch to keep the cluster information. Interval Time: Enter the interval to send handshake packets.
Role: Role Change Individual: Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster. Select this option to change the role of the switch to be individual switch. For an individual switch, the following page is displayed. Figure 14-16 Cluster Configuration for Individual Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: Current Role Role: Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster.
Member MAC: Enter the MAC address of the candidate switch. Member Info Select: Select the desired entry to manage/delete the corresponding member switch. Device Name: Display the description of the member switch. Member MAC: Displays the MAC address of the member switch. IP Address: Displays the IP address of the member switch used in the cluster. Status: Displays the connection status of the member switch. Role: Displays the role the switch plays currently.
Figure 14-18 Collect Topology The following entries are displayed on this screen: Graphic Show Collect Topology: Click the Collect Topology button to display the cluster topology. Manage: If the current device is the commander switch in the cluster and the selected device is a member switch in the cluster, you can click the Manage button to log on to Web management page of the corresponding switch.
2 Enable the NTDP function globally and for the port, and then configure NTDP parameters Optional. On Cluster→NTDP→NTDP Config page, enable the NTDP function on the switch. 3 Establish a cluster and configure the related parameters Optional. On Cluster→Cluster→Cluster Config page, establish a cluster and configure the related parameters. 4 Manage the device in the cluster Optional.
IP pool: 175.128.0.1, Mask: 255.255.255.0. Network Diagram Figure 14-19 Network diagram Configuration Procedure Configure the member switch Step Operation Description 1 Enable NDP function on the switch and for port 1 On Cluster→NDP→NDP Config page, enable NDP function. 2 Enable NTDP function on the switch and for port 1 On Cluster→NTDP→NTDP Config page, enable NTDP function.
3 Create a cluster and configure the related parameters On Cluster→Cluster→Cluster Config page, configure the role as Commander and enter the related information. IP pool: 175.128.0.1 Mask: 255.255.255.0 4 Configure the member switch On Cluster→Cluster→Member Config page, select the member switch and click the Manage button to log on to its Web management page.
Chapter 15 Maintenance Maintenance module, assembling the commonly used system tools to manage the switch, provides the convenient method to locate and solve the network problem. （1） System Monitor: Monitor the utilization status of the memory and the CPU of switch. （2） Log: View the configuration parameters of the switch and find out the errors via the Logs. （3） Cable Test: Test the connection status of the cable to locate and diagnose the trouble spot of the network.
Figure 15-1 CPU Monitor Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its CPU utilization rate every four seconds. 15.1.2 Memory Monitor Choose the menu Maintenance→System Monitor→Memory Monitor to load the following page.
Figure 15-2 Memory Monitor Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its Memory utilization rate every four seconds. 15.2 Log The Log system of switch can record, classify and manage the system information effectively, providing powerful support for network administrator to monitor network operation and diagnose malfunction. The Logs of switch are classified into the following eight levels. Severity Level Description emergencies 0 The system is unusable.
The Log function is implemented on the Log Table, Local Log, Remote Log and Backup Log pages. 15.2.1 Log Table The switch supports logs output to two directions, namely, log buffer and log file. The information in log buffer will be lost after the switch is rebooted or powered off whereas the information in log file will be kept effective even the switch is rebooted or powered off. Log Table displays the system log information in log buffer.
15.2.2 Local Log Local Log is the log information saved in switch. By default, all system logs are saved in log buffer and the logs with severities from level_0 to level_4 are saved in log file meanwhile. On this page, you can set the output channel for logs. Choose the menu Maintenance→Log→Local Log to load the following page. Figure 15-4 Local Log The following entries are displayed on this screen: Local Log Config Select: Select the desired entry to configure the corresponding local log.
Figure 15-5 Log Host The following entries are displayed on this screen: Log Host Index: Displays the index of the log host. The switch supports 4 log hosts. Host IP: Configure the IP for the log host. UDP Port: Displays the UDP port used for receiving/sending log information. Here we use the standard port 514. Severity: Specify the severity level of the log information sent to each log host. Only the log with the same or smaller severity level value will be sent to the corresponding log host.
Figure 15-6 Backup Log The following entries are displayed on this screen: Backup Log Backup Log: Click the Backup Log button to save the log as a file to your computer. Note: It will take a few minutes to backup the log file. Please wait without any operation. 15.3 Device Diagnose This switch provides Cable Test and Loopback functions for device diagnose. 15.3.
Pair: Displays the Pair number. Status: Displays the connection status of the cable connected to the port. The test results of the cable include normal, close, open, short, impedance or unknown. Length: If the connection status is normal, here displays the length range of the cable. Error: If the connection status is close, open or impedance, here displays the error length of the cable. Note: 1. The Length displayed here is the length of pair cable not that of the physical cable. 2.
Loopback Port Loopback Port: Select the desired port for loopback test. Test: Click the Test button to start the loopback test for the port. 15.4 Network Diagnose This switch provides Ping test and Tracert test functions for network diagnose. 15.4.1 Ping Ping test function, testing the connectivity between the switch and one node of the network, facilitates you to test the network connectivity and reachability of the host so as to locate the network malfunctions.
15.4.2 Tracert Tracert test function is used to test the connectivity of the gateways during its journey from the source to destination of the test data. When malfunctions occur to the network, you can locate trouble spot of the network with this tracert test. Choose the menu Maintenance→Network Diagnose→Tracert to load the following page. Figure 15-10 Tracert The following entries are displayed on this screen: Tracert Config Destination IP: Enter the IP address of the destination device.
Chapter 16 System Maintenance via FTP The firmware can be downloaded to the switch via FTP function. FTP (File Transfer Protocol), a protocol in the application layer, is mainly used to transfer files between the remote server and the local PCs. It is a common protocol used in the IP network for files transfer. If there is something wrong with the firmware of the switch and the switch can not be launched, the firmware can be downloaded to the switch again via FTP function. 1.
Figure 16-2 Open Hyper Terminal 2） The Connection Description Window will prompt shown as Figure 16-3. Enter a name into the Name field and click OK. Figure 16-3 Connection Description 3） Select the port to connect in Figure 16-4 and click OK.
Figure 16-4 Select the port to connect 4） Configure the port selected in the step above shown as the following Figure 16-5. Configure Bits per second as 38400, Data bits as 8, Parity as None, Stop bits as 1, Flow control as None, and then click OK. Figure 16-5 Port Settings 3. Download Firmware via bootUtil menu To download firmware to the switch via FTP function, you need to enter into the bootUtil menu of the switch and take the following steps.
Figure 16-6 bootUtil Menu As the prompt is displayed for a short time, you are suggested not to release the CTRL-B key until you enter into bootUtil menu after powering on the switch. 3） After entering into bootUtil menu, please firstly configure the IP parameters of the switch. The format is: ifconfig ip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx mask 255.255.255.0 gateway xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. For example: Configure the IP address as 172.31.70.22, mask as 255.255.255.0 and gateway as172.31.70.1.
[TP-LINK]: start Start . . . . . . . . ◀ ****************** User: User Access Login ***************** When you forget the login user name and password, you can enter reset command after entering into bootUtil menu to reset the system. The system will be restored to the factory default settings, and the default login user name and password are both admin.
Appendix A: Specifications IEEE802.3 10Base-T Ethernet IEEE802.3u 100Base-TX IEEE802.3ab 1000Base-T Gigabit Ethernet Standards IEEE802.3z 1000Base-X Gigabit Ethernet IEEE802.3x Flow Control IEEE802.1p Priority IEEE802.1q VLAN Bridge IEEE802.1X Port-based Access Authentication Ethernet: 10Mbps HD，20Mbps FD Transmission Rate Fast Ethernet: 100Mbps HD，200Mbps FD Gigabit Ethernet: 2000Mbps FD 10Base-T: UTP/STP of Cat. 3 or above Transmission Medium 100Base-TX: UTP/STP of Cat.
Appendix B: Configuring the PCs In this section, we’ll introduce how to install and configure the TCP/IP correctly in Windows 2000. First make sure your Ethernet Adapter is working, refer to the adapter’s manual if necessary. 1. Configure TCP/IP component 1) 2) 3) On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Control Panel. Click the Network and Internet Connections icon, and then click on the Network Connections tab in the appearing window.
Figure B-2 5) The following TCP/IP Properties window will be displayed and the IP Address tab is open on this window by default.
6) Select Use the following IP address. And the following items will be available. If the switch's IP address is 192.168.0.1, specify IP address as 192.168.0.x (x is from 2 to 254), and the Subnet mask as 255.255.255.0. Now: Click OK to save your settings.
Appendix C: 802.1X Client Software In 802.1X mechanism, the supplicant Client should be equipped with the corresponding client software complied with 802.1X protocol standard for 802.1X authentication. When the switch TL-SG5428 works as the authenticator system, please take the following instructions to install the TpSupplicant provided on the attached CD for the supplicant Client. 1.1 1. Installation Guide Insert the provided CD into your CD-ROM drive.
Figure C-3 Welcome to the InstallShield Wizard 4. To continue, choose the destination location for the installation files and click Next on the following screen. Figure C-4 Choose Destination Location By default, the installation files are saved on the Program Files folder of system disk. Click the Change button to modify the destination location proper to your need. 5. Till now, The Wizard is ready to begin the installation. Click Install to start the installation on the following screen.
Figure C-5 Install the Program 6. The InstallShield Wizard is installing TpSupplicant-V2.0 shown as the following screen. Please wait. Figure C-6 Setup Status 7. On the following screen, click Finish to complete the installation.
Figure C-7 InstallShield Wizard Complete Note: Please pay attention to the tips on the above screen. If you have not installed WinPcap 4.0.2 or the higher version on your computer, the 802.1X Client Software TpSupplicant can not work. It’s recommended to go to http://www.winpcap.org to download the latest version of WinPcap for installation. 1.2 Uninstall Software If you want to remove the TpSupplicant, please take the following steps: 1.
Figure C-8 Preparing Setup 3. On the continued screen, click Yes to remove the application from your PC. Figure C-9 Uninstall the Application 4. Click Finish to complete. Figure C-10 Uninstall Complete 1.3 1. Configuration After completing installation, double click the icon Software. The following screen will appear. 241 to run the TP-LINK 802.
Figure C-11 TP-LINK 802.1X Client Enter the Name and the Password specified in the Authentication Server. The length of Name and Password should be less than 15 characters. 2. Click the Properties button on Figure C-11 to load the following screen for configuring the connection properties. Figure C-12 Connection Properties Send 802.1X protocol packets by Unicast: When this option is selected, the Client will send the EAPOL Start packets to the switch via multicast and send the 802.
Auto reconnect after timeout: Select this option to allow the Client to automatically start the connection again when it does not receive the handshake reply packets from the switch within a period. 3. To continue, click Connect button after entering the Name and Password on Figure C-11. Then the following screen will appear to prompt that the Radius server is being searched. Figure C-13 Authentication Dialog 4. When passing the authentication, the following screen will appear.
FAQ: Q1: Why does this error dialog box pop up when starting up the TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software? A1: It’s because the supported DLL file is missing. You are suggested to go to http://www.winpcap.org to download WinPcap 4.0.2 or the higher version for installation, and run the client software again. Q2: Is this TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software compliable with the switches of the other manufacturers? A2: No. This TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software is customized for TP-LINK switches.
Appendix D: Glossary Access Control List (ACL) ACLs can limit network traffic and restrict access to certain users or devices by checking each packet for certain IP or MAC (i.e., Layer 2) information. Boot Protocol (BOOTP) BOOTP is used to provide bootup information for network devices, including IP address information, the address of the TFTP server that contains the devices system files, and the name of the boot file.
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Tagging—Defines Ethernet frame tags which carry VLAN information. It allows switches to assign endstations to different virtual LANs, and defines a standard way for VLANs to communicate across switched networks. IEEE 802.1p An IEEE standard for providing quality of service (QoS) in Ethernet networks. The standard uses packet tags that define up to eight traffic classes and allows switches to transmit packets based on the tagged priority value. IEEE 802.
MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm An algorithm that is used to create digital signatures. It is intended for use with 32 bit machines and is safer than the MD4 algorithm, which has been broken. MD5 is a one-way hash function, meaning that it takes a message and converts it into a fixed string of digits, also called a message digest. Network Time Protocol (NTP) NTP provides the mechanisms to synchronize time across the network.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Protocol suite that includes TCP as the primary transport protocol, and IP as the network layer protocol. Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) A TCP/IP protocol commonly used for software downloads. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) UDP provides a datagram mode for packet-switched communications. It uses IP as the underlying transport mechanism to provide access to IP-like services.
