TL-SG5428 24-Port Gigabit L2 Managed Switch with 4 SFP Slots TL-SG5412F 12-Port Gigabit SFP L2 Managed Switch with 4 Combo 1000BASE-T Ports REV 2.1.
COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKS Specifications are subject to change without notice. is a registered trademark of TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Other brands and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. No part of the specifications may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative such as translation, transformation, or adaptation without permission from TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Copyright © 2013 TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Safety Information When product has power button, the power button is one of the way to shut off the product; When there is no power button, the only way to completely shut off power is to disconnect the product or the power adapter from the power source. Don’t disassemble the product, or make repairs yourself. You run the risk of electric shock and voiding the limited warranty. If you need service, please contact us. Avoid water and wet locations.
CONTENTS Package Contents ..........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 About this Guide...........................................................................................................2 1.1 Intended Readers .........................................................................................................2 1.2 Conventions.................................................................................
.2 5.3 5.4 5.1.1 Port Config .......................................................................................................31 5.1.2 Port Mirror ........................................................................................................32 5.1.3 Port Security ....................................................................................................34 5.1.4 Port Isolation .................................................................................................
7.1.1 STP Config.......................................................................................................83 7.1.2 STP Summary..................................................................................................85 7.2 Port Config..................................................................................................................86 7.3 MSTP Instance ...........................................................................................................88 7.
9.3.3 OUI Config .....................................................................................................129 Chapter 10 ACL ..........................................................................................................................131 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Time-Range ..............................................................................................................131 10.1.1 Time-Range Summary .................................................................
11.5.3 Radius Server ................................................................................................171 Chapter 12 SNMP.......................................................................................................................173 12.1 SNMP Config ............................................................................................................175 12.1.1 Global Config .................................................................................................
15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 System Monitor.........................................................................................................217 15.1.1 CPU Monitor ..................................................................................................217 15.1.2 Memory Monitor .............................................................................................218 Log......................................................................................................................
Package Contents The following items should be found in your box: One JetStream L2 Managed switch One power cord One console cable Two mounting brackets and other fittings Installation Guide Resource CD for TL-SG5428/TL-SG5412F switch, including: This User Guide Other Helpful Information Note: Make sure that the package contains the above items. If any of the listed items are damaged or missing, please contact your distributor.
Chapter 1 About this Guide This User Guide contains information for setup and management of TL-SG5428/TL-SG5412F switch. Please read this guide carefully before operation. 1.1 Intended Readers This Guide is intended for network managers familiar with IT concepts and network terminologies. 1.2 Conventions In this Guide the following conventions are used: The switch or TL-SG5428/TL-SG5412F mentioned in this Guide stands for TL-SG5428/ TL-SG5412F JetStream L2 Managed Switch without any explanation.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 4 System This module is used to configure system properties of the switch. Here mainly introduces: System Info: Configure the description, system time and network parameters of the switch. User Management: Configure the user name and password for users to log on to the Web management page with a certain access level. System Tools: Manage the configuration file of the switch.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 8 Multicast This module is used to configure multicast function of the switch. Here mainly introduces: IGMP Snooping: Configure global parameters of IGMP Snooping function, port properties, VLAN and multicast VLAN. Multicast IP: Configure multicast IP table. Multicast Filter: Configure multicast filter feature to restrict users ordering multicast programs.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 12 SNMP This module is used to configure SNMP function to provide a management frame to monitor and maintain the network devices. Here mainly introduces: SNMP Config: Configure global settings of SNMP function. Notification: Configure notification function for the management station to monitor and process the events. RMON: Configure RMON function to monitor network more efficiently.
Chapter 2 Introduction Thanks for choosing the TL-SG5428/TL-SG5412F JetStream L2 Managed Switch! 2.1 Overview of the Switch TL-SG5428 and TL-SG5412F are Gigabit Ethernet switching products recently developed by TP-LINK. TL-SG5428 possesses 24 RJ45 ports and 4 SFP slots, while TL-SG5412F characterizing with 12 SFP slots and 4 RJ45 ports. The SFP slot enables remote connection with SFP slots on other devices through SFP module and fiber. TL-SG5412F is compatible with all kinds of gigabit SFP modules.
+ Rate limiting confines the traffic flow accurately according to the preset value. Security + Supports multiple industry standard user authentication methods such as 802.1x, RADIUS. + IP Source Guard prevents IP spoofing attacks. + Dynamic ARP Inspection blocks ARP packets from unauthorized hosts, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks. + L2/L3/L4 Access Control Lists restrict untrusted access to the protected resource. + Provides SSHv1/v2, SSL 2.0/3.0 and TLS v1 for access encryption.
Name Status Indication On A device is linked to the corresponding port and running at 1000Mbps. Off A 10/100Mbps device or no device is linked to the corresponding port. On A device is linked to the corresponding port and running properly. 1000Mbps Link/Act Flashing Off Data is being transmitted or received. No device is linked to the corresponding port. LEDs ( for TL-SG5412F) Name PWR SYS Status On The switch is powered on. Off/Flashing Flashing On/Off The switch works properly.
AC Power Socket: Connect the female connector of the power cord here, and the male connector to the AC power outlet. Please make sure the voltage of the power supply meets the requirement of the input voltage (100-240V~ 50/60Hz 0.6A).
Chapter 3 Login to the Switch 3.1 Login 1) To access the configuration utility, open a web-browser and type in the default address http://192.168.0.1 in the address field of the browser, then press the Enter key. Figure 3-1 Web-browser Tips: To log in to the switch, the IP address of your PC should be set in the same subnet addresses of the switch. The IP address is 192.168.0.x ("x" is any number from 2 to 254), Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0.
Figure 3-3 Main Setup-Menu Note: Clicking Apply can only make the new configurations effective before the switch is rebooted. If you want to keep the configurations effective even the switch is rebooted, please click Save Config. You are suggested to click Save Config before cutting off the power or rebooting the switch to avoid losing the new configurations.
Chapter 4 System The System module is mainly for system configuration of the switch, including four submenus: System Info, User Management, System Tools and Access Security. 4.1 System Info The System Info, mainly for basic properties configuration, can be implemented on System Summary, Device Description, System Time, Daylight Saving Time and System IP pages. 4.1.1 System Summary On this page you can view the port connection status and the system information.
When the cursor moves on the port, the detailed information of the port will be displayed. Figure 4-2 Port Information Port Info Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Type: Displays the type of the port. Rate: Displays the maximum transmission rate of the port. Status: Displays the connection status of the port. Click a port to display the bandwidth utilization on this port. The actual rate divided by theoretical maximum rate is the bandwidth utilization.
Choose the menu System→System Info→Device Description to load the following page. Figure 4-4 Device Description The following entries are displayed on this screen: Device Description Device Name: Enter the name of the switch. Device Location: Enter the location of the switch. System Contact: Enter your contact information. 4.1.3 System Time System Time is the time displayed while the switch is running.
Current Time Source: Displays the current time source of the switch. Time Config Manual: When this option is selected, you can set the date and time manually. Get Time from NTP Server: When this option is selected, you can configure the time zone and the IP Address for the NTP Server. The switch will get UTC automatically if it has connected to a NTP Server. Synchronize with PC’S Clock: Time Zone: Select your local time. Primary/Secondary NTP Server: Enter the IP Address for the NTP Server.
DST Config DST Status: Enable or Disable DST. Predefined Mode: Select a predefined DST configuration: Recurring Mode: Date Mode: USA: Second Sunday in March, 02:00 ~ First Sunday in November, 02:00. Australia: First Sunday in October, 02:00 ~ First Sunday in April, 03:00. Europe: Last Sunday in March, 01:00 ~ Last Sunday in October, 01:00. New Zealand: Last Sunday in September, 02:00 ~ First Sunday in April, 03:00. Specify the DST configuration in recurring mode.
Figure 4-7 System IP The following entries are displayed on this screen: IP Config MAC Address: Displays MAC Address of the switch. IP Address Mode: Select the mode to obtain IP Address for the switch. Static IP: When this option is selected, you should enter IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway manually. DHCP: When this option is selected, the switch will obtain network parameters from the DHCP Server.
4. If DHCP or BOOTP option is selected, the switch will get network parameters dynamically from the Internet, which means that IP address, subnet mask and default gateway can not be configured. 5. By default, the IP address is 192.168.0.1. 4.2 User Management User Management functions to configure the user name and password for users to log on to the Web management page with a certain access level so as to protect the settings of the switch from being randomly changed.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: User Info User Name: Create a name for users’ login. Access Level: Select the access level to login. Admin: Admin can edit, modify and view all the settings of different functions. Guest: Guest only can view the settings without the right to edit and modify. User Status: Select Enable/Disable the user configuration. Password: Type a password for users’ login. Confirm Password: Retype the password.
Figure 4-10 Config Restore The following entries are displayed on this screen: Config Restore Restore Config: Click the Restore Config button to restore the backup configuration file. It will take effect after the switch automatically reboots. Note: 1. It will take a few minutes to restore the configuration. Please wait without any operation. 2. To avoid any damage, please don’t power down the switch while being restored. 3. After being restored, the current settings of the switch will be lost.
Note: It will take a few minutes to backup the configuration. Please wait without any operation. 4.3.3 Firmware Upgrade The switch system can be upgraded via the Web management page. To upgrade the system is to get more functions and better performance. Go to http://www.tp-link.com to download the updated firmware. Choose the menu System→System Tools→Firmware Upgrade to load the following page. Figure 4-12 Firmware Upgrade Note: 1. Don’t interrupt the upgrade. 2.
4.3.5 System Reset On this page you can reset the switch to the default. All the settings will be cleared after the switch is reset. Choose the menu System→System Tools→System Reset to load the following page. Figure 4-14 System Reset Note: After the system is reset, the switch will be reset to the default and all the settings will be cleared. 4.4 Access Security Access Security provides different security measures for the remote login so as to enhance the configuration management security.
Figure 4-15 Access Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: Access Control Config Control Mode: Select the control mode for users to log on to the Web management page. Disable：Disable the access control function. IP-based: Select this option to limit the IP-range of the users for login. MAC-based: Select this option to limit the MAC Address of the users for login. Port-based: Select this option to limit the ports for login.
Access User Number Number Control: Select Enable/Disable the Number Control function. Admin Number: Enter the maximum number of the users logging on to the Web management page as Admin. Guest Number: Enter the maximum number of the users logging on to the Web management page as Guest. 4.4.2 SSL Config SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), a security protocol, is to provide a secure connection for the application layer protocol (e.g. HTTP) communication based on TCP.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config SSL: Certificate Download Certificate File: Select Enable/Disable the SSL function on the switch. Select the desired certificate to download to the switch. The certificate must be BASE64 encoded. Key Download Key File: Select the desired SSL Key to download to the switch. The key must be BASE64 encoded. Note: 1. The SSL certificate and key downloaded must match each other; otherwise the HTTPS connection will not work. 2.
Figure 4-17 SSH Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config SSH: Select Enable/Disable SSH function. Protocol V1: Select Enable/Disable SSH V1 to be the supported protocol. Protocol V2: Select Enable/Disable SSH V2 to be the supported protocol. Idle Timeout: Specify the idle timeout time. The system will automatically release the connection when the time is up. The default time is 500 seconds.
Application Example 1 for SSH: Network Requirements 1. Log on to the switch via password authentication using SSH and the SSH function is enabled on the switch. 2. PuTTY client software is recommended. Configuration Procedure 1. Open the software to log on to the interface of PuTTY. Enter the IP address of the switch into Host Name field; keep the default value 22 in the Port field; select SSH as the Connection type. 2. Click the Open button in the above figure to log on to the switch.
Note: 1. The key length is in the range of 256 to 3072 bits. 2. During the key generation, randomly moving the mouse quickly can accelerate the key generation. 3. After the key is successfully generated, please save the public key and private key to the computer. 2. On the Web management page of the switch, download the public key file saved in the computer to the switch.
Note: 1. The key type should accord with the type of the key file. 2. The SSH key downloading can not be interrupted. 3. Download the private key file to SSH client software. 3. After the public key and private key are downloaded, please log on to the interface of PuTTY and enter the IP address for login. After successful authentication, please enter the login user name. If you log on to the switch without entering password, it indicates that the key has been successfully downloaded.
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Chapter 5 Switching Switching module is used to configure the basic functions of the switch, including four submenus: Port, LAG, Traffic Monitor and MAC Address. 5.1 Port The Port function, allowing you to configure the basic features for the port, is implemented on the Port Config, Port Mirror, Port Security, Port Isolation and Loopback Detection pages. 5.1.1 Port Config On this page, you can configure the basic parameters for the ports.
Status: Allows you to Enable/Disable the port. When Enable is selected, the port can forward the packets normally. Speed and Duplex: Select the Speed and Duplex mode for the port. The device connected to the switch should be in the same Speed and Duplex mode with the switch. When “Auto” is selected, the Speed and Duplex mode will be determined by auto-negotiation. Flow Control: Allows you to Enable/Disable the Flow Control feature.
Mirror Group List Group: Displays the mirror group number. Mirroring: Displays the mirroring port number. Mode: Displays the mirror mode. Mirrored Port: Displays the mirrored ports. Operation: Click Edit to configure the mirror group. Click Edit to display the following figure. Figure 5-3 Port Mirror Config The following entries are displayed on this screen. Mirror Group Number: Select the mirror group number you want to configure.
Mirrored Port Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port as a mirrored port. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Ingress: Select Enable/Disable the Ingress feature. When the Ingress is enabled, the incoming packets received by the mirrored port will be copied to the mirroring port. Egress: Select Enable/Disable the Egress feature.
Figure 5-4 Port Security The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Security Select: Select the desired port for Port Security configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Max Learned MAC: Specify the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned on the port. Learned Num: Displays the number of MAC addresses that have been learned on the port. Learn Mode: Select the Learn Mode for the port.
Note: 1. The Port Security function is disabled for the LAG port member. Only the port is removed from the LAG, will the Port Security function be available for the port. 2. The Port Security function is disabled when the 802.1X function is enabled. 5.1.4 Port Isolation Port Isolation provides a method of restricting traffic flow to improve the network security by forbidding the port to forward packets to the ports that are not on its forward portlist.
5.1.5 Loopback Detection With loopback detection feature enabled, the switch can detect loops using loopback detection packets. When a loop is detected, the switch will display an alert or further block the corresponding port according to the port configuration. Choose the menu Switching→Port→Loopback Detection to load the following page.
Select: Select the desired port for loopback detection configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Status: Enable or disable loopback detection function for the port. Operation Mode: Select the operation mode when a Loopback is detected. Recovery Mode: Alert: When a Loopback is detected, display an alert. Port based: When a Loopback is detected, display an alert and block the port. Select the mode how the blocked port recovers to normal status.
Tips: 1. Calculate the bandwidth for a LAG: If a LAG consists of the four ports in the speed of 1000Mbps Full Duplex, the whole bandwidth of the LAG is up to 8000Mbps (2000Mbps * 4) because the bandwidth of each member port is 2000Mbps counting the up-linked speed of 1000Mbps and the down-linked speed of 1000Mbps. 2. The traffic load of the LAG will be balanced among the ports according to the Aggregate Arithmetic.
Operation: Allows you to view or modify the information for each LAG. Edit: Click to modify the settings of the LAG. Detail: Click to get the information of the LAG. Click the Detail button for the detailed information of your selected LAG. Figure 5-8 Detail Information 5.2.2 Static LAG On this page, you can manually configure the LAG. The LACP feature is disabled for the member ports of the manually added Static LAG. Choose the menu Switching→LAG→Static LAG to load the following page.
LAG Config Group Number: Select a Group Number for the LAG. Description: Displays the description of LAG. LAG Table Member Port: Select the port as the LAG member. Clearing all the ports of the LAG will delete this LAG. Tips: 1. The LAG can be deleted by clearing its all member ports. 2. A port can only be added to a LAG. If a port is the member of a LAG or is dynamically aggregated as the LACP member, the port number will be displayed in gray and can not be selected. 5.2.
Figure 5-10 LACP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config System Priority: Specify the system priority for the switch. The system priority and MAC address constitute the system identification (ID). A lower system priority value indicates a higher system priority.
Port Priority: Specify a Port Priority for the port. This value determines the priority of the port to be selected as the dynamic aggregation group member. The port with smaller Port Priority will be considered as the preferred one. If the two port priorities are equal; the port with smaller port number is preferred. Mode: Specify LACP mode for your selected port. Status: Enable/Disable the LACP feature for your selected port. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. 5.
Refresh Rate: Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval. Traffic Summary Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Port: Displays the port number. Packets Rx: Displays the number of packets received on the port. The error packets are not counted in. Packets Tx: Displays the number of packets transmitted on the port. Octets Rx: Displays the number of octets received on the port.
Auto Refresh: Allows you to Enable/Disable refreshing the Traffic Summary automatically. Refresh Rate: Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval. Statistics Port: Enter a port number and click the Select button to view the traffic statistics of the corresponding port. Received: Displays the details of the packets received on the port. Sent: Displays the details of the packets transmitted on the port.
updated by auto-learning. In the stable networks, the static MAC address entries can facilitate the switch to reduce broadcast packets and enhance the efficiency of packets forwarding remarkably. The address filtering feature allows the switch to filter the undesired packets and forbid its forwarding so as to improve the network security.
VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of your desired entry. Port: Select the corresponding port number of your desired entry. Type: Select the type of your desired entry. All: This option allows the address table to display all the address entries. Static: This option allows the address table to display the static address entries only. Dynamic: This option allows the address table to display the dynamic address entries only.
Figure 5-14 Static Address The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Static Address MAC Address: Enter the static MAC Address to be bound. VLAN ID: Enter the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Port: Select a port from the pull-down list to be bound. Search Option Search Option: Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Static Address Table. MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry.
Note: 1. If the corresponding port number of the MAC address is not correct, or the connected port (or the device) has been changed, the switch can not be forward the packets correctly. Please reset the static address entry appropriately. 2. If the MAC address of a device has been added to the Static Address Table, connecting the device to another port will cause its address not to be recognized dynamically by the switch.
Search Option Search Option: Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Dynamic Address Table. MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry. Port: Enter the Port number of your desired entry. LAG ID: Enter the LAG ID number of your desired entry.
Figure 5-16 Filtering Address The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Filtering Address MAC Address: Enter the MAC Address to be filtered. VLAN ID: Enter the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Search Option Search Option: Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Filtering Address Table. MAC Address: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry.
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Chapter 6 VLAN The traditional Ethernet is a data network communication technology basing on CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect) via shared communication medium. Through the traditional Ethernet, the overfull hosts in LAN will result in serious collision, flooding broadcasts, poor performance or even breakdown of the Internet.
6.1 802.1Q VLAN VLAN tags in the packets are necessary for the switch to identify packets of different VLANs. The switch works at the data link layer in OSI model and it can identify the data link layer encapsulation of the packet only, so you can add the VLAN tag field into the data link layer encapsulation for identification. In 1999, IEEE issues the IEEE 802.1Q protocol to standardize VLAN implementation, defining the structure of VLAN-tagged packets. IEEE 802.
PVID PVID (Port Vlan ID) is the default VID of the port. When the switch receives an un-VLAN-tagged packet, it will add a VLAN tag to the packet according to the PVID of its received port and forward the packets.
To ensure the normal communication of the factory switch, the default VLAN of all ports is set to VLAN1. The following entries are displayed on this screen: VLAN Table VLAN ID Select： Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the VLAN ID number you entered. Select： Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding VLAN. It is multi-optional. VLAN ID： Displays the ID number of VLAN. Name： Displays the user-defined name of VLAN.
VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of VLAN. Description: Give a description to the VLAN for identification. Check: Click the Check button to check whether the VLAN ID you entered is valid or not. VLAN Members Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port to be a member of VLAN or leave it blank. It's multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: VLAN Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Link Type: Select the Link Type from the pull-down list for the port. ACCESS: The ACCESS port can be added in a single VLAN, and the egress rule of the port is UNTAG. The PVID is same as the current VLAN ID.
Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Set the link type for port. Required. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, set the link type for the port basing on its connected device. 2 Create VLAN. Required. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, click the Create button to create a VLAN. Enter the VLAN ID and the description for the VLAN. Meanwhile, specify its member ports. 3 Modify/View VLAN. Optional. On the VLAN→802.
2. When receiving tagged packet, the switch will process it basing on the 802.1Q VLAN. If the received port is the member of the VLAN to which the tagged packet belongs, the packet will be forwarded normally. Otherwise, the packet will be discarded. 3. If the Protocol VLAN is created, please set its enabled port to be the member of corresponding 802.1Q VLAN so as to ensure the packets forwarded normally. 6.2.
Figure 6-8 Create and View Protocol Template The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Protocol Template Protocol Name: Give a name for the Protocol Template. Ether Type: Enter the Ethernet protocol type field in the protocol template. Protocol Template Table Select: Select the desired entry. It is multi-optional. Protocol Name: Displays the name of the protocol template. Ether Type: Displays the Ethernet protocol type field in the protocol template.
Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Set the link type for port. Required. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, set the link type for the port basing on its connected device. 2 Create VLAN. Required. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, click the Create button to create a VLAN. Enter the VLAN ID and the description for the VLAN. Meanwhile, specify its member ports. 3 Create Protocol Template. Required.
a port receives a packet, this port will replace the TPID value in the outer VLAN tag of this packet with the user-defined value and then send the packet again. Thus, the VLAN-VPN packets sent to the public network can be recognized by devices of other manufacturers. The position of the TPID field in an Ethernet packet is the same as the position of the protocol type field in the packet without VLAN Tag.
Select the desired port as the VPN Up-link port. It’s required to set the port connected to the operators’ backbone networks to be up-link port. 6.3.2 Port Enable On this page, you can enable the port for the VLAN VPN function. Only the port is enabled, can the configured VLAN VPN function take effect. Figure 6-11 Enable VLAN VPN for Port Select your desired port for VLAN VPN function. All the ports are disabled for VLAN VPN function by default.
implementation of GARP. When GARP is implemented on a port of device, the port is called GARP entity. The information exchange between GARP entities is completed by messages. GARP defines the messages into three types: Join, Leave and LeaveAll. Join Message: When a GARP entity expects other switches to register certain attribute information of its own, it sends out a Join message.
registration information includes not only the static registration information configured locally, but also the dynamic registration information, which is received from other switches. In this switch, only the port with TRUNK link type can be set as the GVRP application entity to maintain the VLAN registration information. GVRP has the following three port registration modes: Normal, Fixed, and Forbidden.
Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Status: Enable/Disable the GVRP feature for the port. The port type should be set to TRUNK before enabling the GVRP feature. Registration Mode: Select the Registration Mode for the port.
6.5 Private VLAN Private VLANs, designed to save VLAN resources of uplink devices and decrease broadcast, are sets of VLAN pairs that share a common primary identifier. To guarantee user information security, the ease with which to manage and account traffic for service providers, in campus network, service providers usually require that each individual user is layer-2 separated. VLAN feature can solve this problem. However, as stipulated by IEEE 802.1Q protocol, a device can only support up to 4094 VLANs.
Packets from different Secondary VLANs can be forwarded to the uplink device via promiscuous port and carry no corresponding Secondary VLAN information. Packets from Primary VLANs can be sent to end users via host port and carry no Primary VLAN information. Private VLAN is designed to save VLAN resource by means of Port configuration synchronization among the MAC address tables of VLANs and MAC address duplication.
Figure 6-13 Port PVID Allowed VLANs Port5 5 VLAN5 Port2 2 VLAN2 Port3 3 VLAN3 Table 6-4 Port settings before configuration synchronization Port PVID Allowed VLANs Port5 5 VLAN2, 3, 5 Port2 2 VLAN2, 5 Port3 3 VLAN2, 5 Table 6-5 Port settings after configuration synchronization MAC address duplication: After port configuration synchronization, packets from Secondary VLAN can be forwarded via the promiscuous port untagged, and those from Primary VLAN can be sent via the host port u
mac_2 2 port 2 mac_3 3 port 3 Table 6-6 MAC address table before duplication Destination MAC VLAN Egress Port mac_a 5 port 5 mac_a 2 port 5 mac_a 3 port 5 mac_2 2 port 2 mac_2 5 port 2 mac_3 3 port 3 mac_3 5 port 3 Table 6-7 MAC address table after duplication Packet forwarding in Private VLAN The Private VLAN packet forwarding process (here we take traffic transmission for PC2) based on the figure above is illustrated as follows: 1) PC2 sends out its first upstream pack
7) When the promiscuous port Port5 receives the response packet, it tags this packet a default VLAN ID 5 and learns the MAC address entry mac_a+VLAN5+Port5. 8) According to the MAC address duplication, this MAC address entry is copied to VLAN 2 and VLAN 3, and the switch adds two more MAC address entries mac_a+VLAN2+Port5 and mac_a+VLAN3+Port5 to its address table. 9) The switch looks up the MAC address table based on mac_2+VLAN5.
desired Private VLAN. Secondary VLAN ID: Enter the Secondary VLAN ID number of the desired Private VLAN. Private VLAN Table Select: Select the entry to delete. It is multi-optional. Primary VLAN: Displays the Primary VLAN ID number of the Private VLAN. Secondary VLAN: Displays the Secondary VLAN ID number of the Private VLAN. Port: Displays the Port number of the Private VLAN. 6.5.2 Port Config The Private VLAN provides two Port Types for the ports, Promiscuous and Host.
2. 3. A Promiscuous Port can only join to a Primary VLAN. If you want to add a Promiscuous port to different Private VLANs with the same Primary VLAN, you need to add the Promiscuous port to any one of these Private VLANs. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Create Private VLAN Required. On the VLAN→Private VLAN→PVLAN Config page, Enter the Primary VLAN and Secondary VLAN, and then click the Create button. 2 Add ports to Private VLAN Required.
Step Operation Description 1 Configure the Link Type of the ports Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 2, Port 3 and Port 4 as ACCESS, TRUNK and ACCESS respectively 2 Create VLAN10 Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLAN ID as 10, owning Port 2 and Port 3. 3 Create VLAN20 Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLAN ID as 20, owning Port 3 and Port 4.
Network Diagram Configuration Procedure Configure Switch A Step Operation Description 1 Configure the Link Type of the ports Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 11 and Port 13 as ACCESS, and configure the link type of Port 12 as GENERAL. 2 Create VLAN10 Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLAN ID as 10, owning Port 12 and Port 13, and configure the egress rule of Port 12 as Untag. 3 Create VLAN20 Required.
Step Operation Description 5 Port Enable Required. On the VLAN→Protocol VLAN→Port Enable page, select and enable Port 3, Port 4 and Port 5 for Protocol VLAN feature. 6 Create Protocol VLAN 10 On VLAN→Protocol VLAN→Protocol VLAN page, create protocol VLAN 10 with Protocol as IP. 7 Create Protocol VLAN 20 On VLAN→Protocol VLAN→Protocol VLAN page, create protocol VLAN 20 with Protocol as AppleTalk. 6.
Step Operation Description 1 Create VLANs Private Required. On the VLAN→Private VLAN→PVLAN Config page, Enter the Primary VLAN 6 and Secondary VLAN 2-3, and then click the Create button. 2 Add Promiscuous port to Private VLANs Required. On the VLAN→Private VLAN→Port Config page, configure the port type of Port3 and Port4 as Promiscuous, enter Primary VLAN 6 and Secondary VLAN 2-3, and click the Add button. 3 Add Host port to Private VLANs Required.
Chapter 7 Spanning Tree STP (Spanning Tree Protocol), subject to IEEE 802.1D standard, is to disbranch a ring network in the Data Link layer in a local network. Devices running STP discover loops in the network and block ports by exchanging information, in that way, a ring network can be disbranched to form a tree-topological ring-free network to prevent packets from being duplicated and forwarded endlessly in the network. BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) is the protocol data that STP and RSTP use.
Figure 7-1 Basic STP diagram STP Timers Hello Time: Hello Time ranges from 1 to 10 seconds. It specifies the interval to send BPDU packets. It is used to test the links. Max. Age: Max. Age ranges from 6 to 40 seconds. It specifies the maximum time the switch can wait without receiving a BPDU before attempting to reconfigure. Forward Delay: Forward Delay ranges from 4 to 30 seconds. It specifies the time for the port to transit its state after the network topology is changed.
Step Operation 1 If the priority of the BPDU received on the port is lower than that of the BPDU if of the port itself, the switch discards the BPDU and does not change the BPDU of the port. 2 If the priority of the BPDU is higher than that of the BPDU of the port itself, the switch replaces the BPDU of the port with the received one and compares it with those of other ports on the switch to obtain the one with the highest priority.
point-to-point link, it can transit to forwarding state after getting response from the downstream switch through handshake. RSTP Elements Edge Port: Indicates the port connected directly to terminals. P2P Link: Indicates the link between two switches directly connected. MSTP (Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol), compatible with both STP and RSTP and subject to IEEE 802.
Port States In an MSTP, ports can be in the following four states: Forwarding: In this status the port can receive/forward data, receive/send BPDU packets as well as learn MAC address. Learning: In this status the port can receive/send BPDU packets and learn MAC address. Blocking: In this status the port can only receive BPDU packets. Disconnected: In this status the port is not participating in the STP.
Figure 7-4 STP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config STP: Select Enable/Disable STP function globally on the switch. Version: Select the desired STP version on the switch. STP: Spanning Tree Protocol. RSTP: Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol. MSTP: Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol. Parameters Config CIST Priority: Enter a value from 0 to 61440 to specify the priority of the switch for comparison in the CIST.
Note: 1. The forward delay parameter and the network diameter are correlated. A too small forward delay parameter may result in temporary loops. A too large forward delay may cause a network unable to resume the normal state in time. The default value is recommended. 2. An adequate hello time parameter can enable the switch to discover the link failures occurred in the network without occupying too much network resources.
Figure 7-5 STP Summary 7.2 Port Config On this page you can configure the parameters of the ports for CIST. Choose the menu Spanning Tree→Port Config to load the following page.
Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for STP configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Status: Select Enable /Disable STP function for the desired port. Priority: Enter a value from 0 to 240 divisible by 16. Port priority is an important criterion on determining if the port connected to this port will be chosen as the root port.
Note: 1. Configure the ports connected directly to terminals as edge ports and enable the BPDU protection function as well. This not only enables these ports to transit to forwarding state rapidly but also secures your network. 2. All the links of ports in a LAG can be configured as point-to-point links. 3. When the link of a port is configured as a point-to-point link, the spanning tree instances owning this port are configured as point-to-point links.
Figure 7-8 Instance Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Instance Table Instance ID Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding Instance ID based on the ID number you entered. Select: Select the desired Instance ID for configuration. It is multi-optional. Instance: Displays Instance ID of the switch. Status: Displays status of the instance. Priority: Enter the priority of the switch in the instance.
Note: In a network with both GVRP and MSTP enabled, GVRP packets are forwarded along the CIST. If you want to broadcast packets of a specific VLAN through GVRP, please be sure to map the VLAN to the CIST when configuring the MSTP VLAN-instance mapping table. For detailed introduction of GVRP, please refer to GVRP function page. 7.3.3 Instance Port Config A port can play different roles in different spanning tree instance.
Priority: Enter the priority of the port in the instance. It is an important criterion on determining if the port connected to this port will be chosen as the root port. Path Cost: Path Cost is used to choose the path and calculate the path costs of ports in an MST region. It is an important criterion on determining the root port. The lower value has the higher priority. Port Role: Displays the role of the port played in the MSTP Instance. Port Status: Displays the working status of the port.
Loop Protect In a stable network, a switch maintains the states of ports by receiving and processing BPDU packets from the upstream switch. However, when link congestions or link failures occurred to the network, a down stream switch does not receive BPDU packets for certain period, which results in spanning trees being regenerated and roles of ports being reselected, and causes the blocked ports to transit to forwarding state. Therefore, loops may be incurred in the network.
With BPDU filter function enabled, a port does not receive or forward BPDUs, but it sends out its own BPDUs. Such a mechanism prevents the switch from being attacked by BPDUs so as to guarantee generation the spanning trees correct. Choose the menu Spanning Tree→STP Security→Port Protect to load the following page.
7.4.2 TC Protect When TC Protect is enabled for the port on Port Protect page, the TC threshold and TC protect cycle need to be configured on this page. Choose the menu Spanning Tree→STP Security→TC Protect to load the following page. Figure 7-11 TC Protect The following entries are displayed on this screen: TC Protect TC Threshold: Enter a number from 1 to 100. It is the maximum number of the TC-BPDUs received by the switch in a TC Protect Cycle. The default value is 20.
Configuration Procedure Configure Switch A: Step Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as Trunk, and add the ports to VLAN101-VLAN106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.1Q VLAN. 2 Enable STP function On Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page, enable STP function and select MSTP version. On Spanning Tree→STP Config→Port Config page, enable MSTP function for the port.
Configure Switch C: Step Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as Trunk, and add the ports to VLAN101-VLAN106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.1Q VLAN. 2 Enable STP function On Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page, enable STP function and select MSTP version. On Spanning Tree→STP Config→Port Config page, enable MSTP function for the port.
The configuration procedure for switch E and F is the same with that for switch D. The topology diagram of the two instances after the topology is stable For Instance 1 (VLAN 101, 103 and 105), the red paths in the following figure are connected links; the gray paths are the blocked links. For Instance 2 (VLAN 102, 104 and 106), the blue paths in the following figure are connected links; the gray paths are the blocked links.
Chapter 8 Multicast Multicast Overview In the network, packets are sent in three modes: unicast, broadcast and multicast. In unicast, the source server sends separate copy information to each receiver. When a large number of users require this information, the server must send many pieces of information with the same content to the users. Therefore, large bandwidth will be occupied. In broadcast, the system transmits information to all users in a network.
Multicast Address 1. Multicast IP Address: As specified by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), Class D IP addresses are used as destination addresses of multicast packets. The multicast IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255. The following table displays the range and description of several special multicast IP addresses. Multicast IP address range Description 224.0.0.0～224.0.0.255 Reserved multicast addresses for routing protocols and other network protocols 224.0.1.0～224.0.1.
IGMP Snooping In the network, the hosts apply to the near router for joining (leaving) a multicast group by sending IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) messages. When the up-stream device forwards down the multicast data, the switch is responsible for sending them to the hosts. IGMP Snooping is a multicast control mechanism, which can be used on the switch for dynamic registration of the multicast group.
3. IGMP Leave Message The host, running IGMPv1, does not send IGMP leave message when leaving a multicast group, as a result, the switch can not get the leave information of the host momentarily. However, after leaving the multicast group, the host does not send IGMP report message any more, so the switch will remove the port from the corresponding multicast address table when its member port time times out.
Figure 8-4 Basic Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config IGMP Snooping: Select Enable/Disable IGMP Snooping function globally on the switch. Unknown Multicast: Select the operation for the switch to process unknown multicast, Forward or Discard. IGMP Snooping Status Description: Displays IGMP Snooping status. Member: Displays the member of the corresponding status. 8.1.2 Port Config On this page you can configure the IGMP feature for ports of the switch.
Figure 8-5 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for IGMP Snooping feature configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port of the switch. IGMP Snooping: Select Enable/Disable IGMP Snooping for the desired port. Fast Leave: Select Enable/Disable Fast Leave feature for the desired port.
Figure 8-6 VLAN Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID to enable IGMP Snooping for the desired VLAN. Router Port Time: Specify the aging time of the router port. Within this time, if the switch doesn’t receive IGMP query message from the router port, it will consider this port is not a router port any more. Member Port Time: Specify the aging time of the member port.
Leave Time: Displays the leave time of the VLAN. Router Ports: Displays the router port of the VLAN. Note: The settings here will be invalid when multicast VLAN is enabled. Configuration procedure: Step Operation 1 Enable function Snooping Required. Enable IGMP Snooping globally on the switch and for the port on Multicast→IGMP Snooping→Snooping Config and Port Config page. 2 Configure the multicast parameters for VLANs Optional.
Figure 8-7 Multicast VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: Multicast VLAN Multicast VLAN: Select Enable/Disable Multicast VLAN feature. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of the multicast VLAN. Router Port Time: Specify the aging time of the router port. Within this time, if the switch doesn’t receive IGMP query message from the router port, it will consider this port is not a router port any more. Member Port Time: Specify the aging time of the member port.
Configuration procedure: Step Operation 1 Enable IGMP function 2 Create a multicast VLAN 3 Description Snooping Configure parameters multicast VLAN Required. Enable IGMP Snooping globally on the switch and for the port on Multicast→IGMP Snooping→Snooping Config and Port Config page. Required. Create a multicast VLAN and add all the member ports and router ports to the VLAN on the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page. for Configure the link type of the member ports as GENERAL.
Configuration Procedure Step Operation Description 1 Create VLANs Create three VLANs with the VLAN ID 3, 4 and 5 respectively, and specify the description of VLAN3 as Multicast VLAN on VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page. 2 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN function pages. For port 3, configure its link type as GENERAL and its egress rule as TAG, and add it to VLAN3, VLAN4 and VLAN5. For port 4, configure its link type as GENERAL and its egress rule as UNTAG, and add it to VLAN3 and VLAN 4.
Choose the menu Multicast→Multicast IP→Multicast IP Table to load the following page. Figure 8-8 Multicast IP Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: Search Option Multicast IP: Enter the multicast IP address the desired entry must carry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID the desired entry must carry. Port: Select the port number the desired entry must carry. Type: Select the type the desired entry must carry. All: Displays all multicast IP entries.
Figure 8-9 Static Multicast IP Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Static Multicast Multicast IP: Enter static multicast IP address. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of the multicast IP. Forward Port: Enter the forward port of the multicast group. Search Option Search Option: Select the rules for displaying multicast IP table to find the desired entries quickly. All: Displays all static multicast IP entries.
if the port can not be added to the multicast group, the switch will drop the IGMP report message. In that way, the multicast streams will not be transmitted to this port, which allows you to control hosts joining the multicast group. 8.4.1 IP-Range On this page you can figure the desired IP-ranges to be filtered. Choose the menu Multicast→Multicast Filter→IP-Range to load the following page.
Figure 8-11 Port Filter The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Filter Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for multicast filtering. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Filter: Select Enable/Disable multicast filtering feature on the port.
Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Configure IP-Range Required. Configure IP-Range to be Multicast→Multicast Filter→IP-Range page. 2 Configure multicast filter rules for ports Optional. Configure multicast filter rules for ports on Multicast→Multicast Filter→Port Filter page. filtered on 8.5 Packet Statistics On this page you can view the multicast data traffic on each port of the switch, which facilitates you to monitor the IGMP messages in the network.
Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Query Packet: Displays the number of query packets the port received. Report Packet (V1): Displays the number of IGMPv1 report packets the port received. Report Packet (V2): Displays the number of IGMPv2 report packets the port received. Report Packet (V3): Displays the number of IGMPv3 report packets the port received.
Chapter 9 QoS QoS (Quality of Service) functions to provide different quality of service for various network applications and requirements and optimize the bandwidth resource distribution so as to provide a network service experience of a better quality. QoS This switch classifies the ingress packets, maps the packets to different priority queues and then forwards the packets according to specified scheduling algorithms to implement QoS function.
2. 802.1P Priority Figure 9-2 802.1Q frame As shown in the figure above, each 802.1Q Tag has a Pri field, comprising 3 bits. The 3-bit priority field is 802.1p priority in the range of 0 to 7. 802.1P priority determines the priority of the packets based on the Pri value. On the Web management page of the switch, you can configure different priority tags mapping to the corresponding priority levels, and then the switch determine which packet is sent preferentially when forwarding packets.
Figure 9-4 SP-Mode 2. WRR-Mode: Weight Round Robin Mode. In this mode, packets in all the queues are sent in order based on the weight value for each queue and every queue can be assured of a certain service time. The weight value indicates the occupied proportion of the resource. WRR queue overcomes the disadvantage of SP queue that the packets in the queues with lower priority can not get service for a long time.
9.1 DiffServ This switch classifies the ingress packets, maps the packets to different priority queues and then forwards the packets according to specified scheduling algorithms to implement QoS function. This switch implements three priority modes based on port, on 802.1P and on DSCP, and supports four queue scheduling algorithms. The port priorities are labeled as CoS0, CoS1… CoS7. The DiffServ function can be implemented on Port Priority, Schedule Mode, 802.1P/CoS Mapping and DSCP Priority pages. 9.1.
Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Select the port priority Required. On QoS→DiffServ→Port Priority page, configure the port priority. 2 Configure the relation between priority and TC Required. On QoS→DiffServ→802.1P/CoS mapping page, configure the mapping relation between the CoS and TC. 3 Select a schedule mode mapping the CoS Required. On QoS→DiffServ→Schedule page, select a schedule mode. Mode 9.1.
9.1.3 802.1P/CoS Mapping On this page you can configure the mapping relation between the 802.1P priority tag-id/CoS-id and the TC-id. 802.1P gives the Pri field in 802.1Q tag a recommended definition. This field, ranging from 0-7, is used to divide packets into 8 priorities. 802.1P Priority is enabled by default, so the packets with 802.1Q tag are mapped to different priority levels based on 802.1P priority mode but the untagged packets are mapped based on port priority mode. With the same value, the 802.
Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Configure the mapping relation between the 802.1P priority Tag/CoS and the TC Required. On QoS→DiffServ→802.1P/CoS mapping page, configure the mapping relation between the 802.1P priority Tag/CoS and the TC. 2 Select a schedule mode Required. On QoS→DiffServ→Schedule Mode page, select a schedule mode. 9.1.4 DSCP Priority On this page you can configure DSCP priority. DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) is a new definition to IP ToS field given by IEEE.
Priority Level: Indicates the priority level the packets with tag are mapped to. The priority levels are labeled as TC0, TC1, TC2 and TC3. Note: To complete QoS function configuration, you have to go to the Schedule Mode page to select a schedule mode after the configuration is finished on this page. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Configure the mapping relation between the DSCP priority and TC Required.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Rate Limit Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for Rate configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Ingress Rate (bps): Configure the bandwidth for receiving packets on the port.
Figure 9-11 Storm Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: Storm Control Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for Storm Control configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Broadcast: Enable/Disable broadcast control feature for the port. Multicast: Enable/Disable multicast control feature for the port.
OUI Address (Organizationally unique identifier address) The switch can determine whether a received packet is a voice packet by checking its source MAC address. If the source MAC address of a packet complies with the OUI addresses configured by the system, the packet is determined as voice packet and transmitted in voice VLAN. An OUI address is a unique identifier assigned by IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) to a device vendor. It comprises the first 24 bits of a MAC address.
ACCESS: Supported. TRUNK: Not supported. UNTAG voice stream GENERAL: Supported. The default VLAN of the port should be voice VLAN and the egress rule of the access port in the voice VLAN should be UNTAG. ACCESS: Not supported. TAG voice stream Manual Mode TRUNK：Supported. The default VLAN of the port should not be voice VLAN. GENERAL：Supported. The default VLAN of the port can not be voice VLAN and the egress rule of the access port in the voice VLAN should be TAG. ACCESS: Supported. TRUNK: Not supported.
9.3.1 Global Config On this page, you can configure the global parameters of the voice VLAN, including VLAN ID and aging time. Choose the menu QoS→Voice VLAN→Global Config to load the following page. Figure 9-12 Global Configuration The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config Voice VLAN: Select Enable/Disable Voice VLAN function. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of the voice VLAN.
Figure 9-13 Port Config Note: To enable voice VLAN function for the LAG member port, please ensure its member state accords with its port mode. If a port is a member port of voice VLAN, changing its port mode to be “Auto” will make the port leave the voice VLAN and will not join the voice VLAN automatically until it receives voice streams.
LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. 9.3.3 OUI Config The switch supports OUI creation and adds the MAC address of the special voice device to the OUI table of the switch. The switch determines whether a received packet is a voice packet by checking its OUI address. The switch analyzes the received packets. If the packets recognized as voice packets, the access port will be automatically added to the Voice VLAN. Choose the menu QoS→Voice VLAN→OUI Config to load the following page.
Step Operation Description 2 Create VLAN Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, click the Create button to create a VLAN. 3 Add OUI address Optional. On QoS→Voice VLAN→OUI Config page, you can check whether the switch is supporting the OUI template or not. If not, please add the OUI address. 4 Configure the parameters of the ports in voice VLAN. Required. On QoS→Voice VLAN→Port Config page, configure the parameters of the ports in voice VLAN. 5 Enable Voice VLAN Required.
Chapter 10 ACL ACL (Access Control List) is used to filter packets by configuring match rules and process policies of packets in order to control the access of the illegal users to the network. Besides, ACL functions to control traffic flows and save network resources. It provides a flexible and secured access control policy and facilitates you to control the network security.
10.1.2 Time-Range Create On this page you can create time-ranges. Choose the menu ACL→Time-Range→Time-Range Create to load the following page. Figure 10-2 Time-Range Create Note: To successfully configure time-ranges, please firstly specify time-slices and then time-ranges. The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Time-Range Name: Enter the name of the time-range for time identification. Holiday: Select Holiday you set as a time-range.
10.1.3 Holiday Config Holiday mode is applied as a different secured access control policy from the week mode. On this page you can define holidays according to your work arrangement. Choose the menu ACL→Time-Range→Holiday Config to load the following page. Figure 10-3 Holiday Configuration The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Holiday Start Date: Specify the start date of the holiday. End Date: Specify the end date of the holiday.
Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→ACL Summary to load the following page. Figure 10-4 ACL Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: Search Option Select ACL: Select the ACL you have created ACL Type: Displays the type of the ACL you select. Rule Order: Displays the rule order of the ACL you select. Rule Table Display the rule table of the ACL you have selected. Here you can edit the rules, view the details of them, and move them up and down. 10.2.
Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→MAC ACL to load the following page. Figure10-6 Create MAC Rule The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create MAC-Rule ACL ID: Select the desired MAC ACL for configuration. Rule ID: Enter the rule ID. Operation: Select the operation for the switch to process packets which match the rules. Permit: Forward packets. Deny: Discard Packets. S-MAC: Enter the source MAC address contained in the rule.
Figure10-7 Create Standard-IP Rule The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Standard-IP Rule ACL ID: Select the desired Standard-IP ACL for configuration. Rule ID: Enter the rule ID. Operation: Select the operation for the switch to process packets which match the rules. Permit: Forward packets. Deny: Discard Packets. S-IP: Enter the source IP address contained in the rule. D-IP: Enter the destination IP address contained in the rule. Mask: Enter IP address mask.
Figure10-8 Create Extend-IP Rule The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Extend-IP Rule ACL ID: Select the desired Extend-IP ACL for configuration. Rule ID: Enter the rule ID. Operation: Select the operation for the switch to process packets which match the rules. Permit: Forward packets. Deny: Discard Packets. S-IP: Enter the source IP address contained in the rule. D-IP: Enter the destination IP address contained in the rule. Mask: Enter IP address mask.
10.3 Policy Config A Policy is used to control the data packets those match the corresponding ACL rules by configuring ACLs and actions together for effect. The operations here include stream mirror, stream condition and redirect. The Policy Config can be implemented on Policy Summary, Police Create and Action Create pages. 10.3.1 Policy Summary On this page, you can view the ACL and the corresponding operations in the policy. Choose the menu ACL→Policy Config→Policy Summary to load the following page.
Figure 10-10 Create Policy The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Policy Policy Name: Enter the name of the policy. 10.3.3 Action Create On this page you can add ACLs and create corresponding actions for the policy. Choose the menu ACL→Policy Config→Action Create to load the following page. Figure 10-11 Action Create The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Action Select Policy: Select the name of the policy.
Redirect: Select Redirect to change the forwarding direction of the data packets in the policy. Destination Port: Forward the data packets those match the corresponding ACL to the specific port. 10.4 Policy Binding Policy Binding function can have the policy take its effect on a specific port/VLAN. The policy will take effect only when it is bound to a port/VLAN.
Figure 10-13 Bind the policy to the port The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port-Bind Config Policy Name: Select the name of the policy you want to bind. Port: Enter the number of the port you want to bind. Port-Bind Table Index: Displays the index of the binding policy. Policy Name: Displays the name of the binding policy. Port: Displays the number of the port bound to the corresponding policy. Direction: Displays the binding direction. 10.4.
VLAN ID: Displays the ID of the VLAN bound to the corresponding policy. Direction: Displays the binding direction. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Configure time-range 2 Configure ACL rules Required. On ACL→ACL Config configuration pages, configure ACL rules to match packets. 3 Configure Policy Required. On ACL→Policy Config configuration pages, configure the policy to control the data packets those match the corresponding ACL rules.
Configuration Procedure Step Operation Description 1 Create VLANs On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, create VLAN 6, specify its description as RD, configure port 16 and port 2 as the members of VLAN 6. Connect RD department to port 16 of TL-SG5428/TL-SG5412F, and configure the link type of port 16 as GENERAL and its PVID as 6. The IP range of VLAN 6 is 172.31.70.0. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, create VLAN 8, specify its description as Marketing, configure port 18 and port 2 as the members of VLAN 8.
Step Operation 5 Configure requirement and 5 Description for 4 On ACL→ACL Config→ACL Create page, create ACL 101. On ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL page, select ACL 101, create Rule 4, configure operation as Deny, configure S-IP as 172.31.70.1 and mask as 255.255.255.0, configure D-IP as 172.31.50.1 and mask as 255.255.255.0, configure the time-range as No Limit. On ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL page, select ACL 101, create Rule 5, configure operation as Deny, configure S-IP as 172.31.70.
Chapter 11 Network Security Network Security module is to provide the multiple protection measures for the network security, including five submenus: IP-MAC Binding, ARP Inspection, IP Source Guard, DoS Defend and 802.1X. Please configure the functions appropriate to your need. 11.1 IP-MAC Binding The IP-MAC Binding function allows you to bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Search Option Source: Select a Source from the pull-down list and click the Search button to view your desired entry in the Binding Table. All: All the bound entries will be displayed. Manual: Only the manually added entries will be displayed. Scanning: Only the entries formed via ARP Scanning will be displayed. Snooping: Only the entries formed via DHCP Snooping will be displayed.
Figure 11-2 Manual Binding The following entries are displayed on this screen: Manual Binding Option Host Name: Enter the Host Name. IP Address: Enter the IP Address of the Host. MAC Address: Enter the MAC Address of the Host. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID. Port: Select the number of port connected to the Host. Protect Type: Select the Protect Type for the entry. Manual Binding Table Select: Select the desired entry to be deleted. It is multi-optional.
11.1.3 ARP Scanning ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to analyze and map IP addresses to the corresponding MAC addresses so that packets can be delivered to their destinations correctly. IP address is the address of the Host on Network layer. MAC address, the address of the Host on Data link layer, is necessary for the packet to reach the very device. So the destination IP address carried in a packet need to be translated into the corresponding MAC address.
Figure 11-4 ARP Scanning The following entries are displayed on this screen: Scanning Option Start IP Address: Specify the Start IP Address. End IP Address: Specify the End IP Address. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID. If blank, the switch will send the untagged packets for scanning. Scan: Click the Scan button to scan the Hosts in the LAN. Scanning Result Select: Select the desired entry to be bound or deleted. Host Name: Displays the Host Name here.
DHCP Working Principle DHCP works via the “Client/Server” communication mode. The Client applies to the Server for configuration. The Server assigns the configuration information, such as the IP address, to the Client, so as to reach a dynamic employ of the network source. A Server can assign the IP address for several Clients, which is illustrated in the following figure.
（2） DHCP-OFFER Stage: Upon receiving the DHCP-DISCOVER packet, the DHCP Server selects an IP address from the IP pool according to the assigning priority of the IP addresses and replies to the Client with DHCP-OFFER packet carrying the IP address and other information.
Figure 11-7 DHCP Cheating Attack Implementation Procedure DHCP Snooping feature only allows the port connected to the DHCP Server as the trusted port to forward DHCP packets and thereby ensures that users get proper IP addresses. DHCP Snooping is to monitor the process of the Host obtaining the IP address from DHCP server, and record the IP address, MAC address, VLAN and the connected Port number of the Host for automatic binding.
Figure 11-8 DHCP Snooping Note: If you want to enable the DHCP Snooping feature for the member port of LAG, please ensure the parameters of all the member ports are the same. The following entries are displayed on this screen: DHCP Snooping Config DHCP Snooping: Enable/Disable the DHCP Snooping function globally. Global Flow Control: Select the value to specify the maximum amount of DHCP messages that can be forwarded by the switch per second.
excessive massages will be discarded. Decline Threshold: Select the value to specify the minimum transmission rate of the Decline packets to trigger the Decline protection for the specific port. Decline Flow Control: Select the value to specify the Decline Flow Control. The traffic flow of the corresponding port will be limited to be this value if the transmission rate of the Decline packets exceeds the Decline Threshold. Option 82 Config Option 82 Support: Enable/Disable the Option 82 feature.
another or access to external network via Gateway. However, since ARP protocol is implemented with the premise that all the Hosts and Gateways are trusted, there are high security risks during ARP Implementation Procedure in the actual complex network. Thus, the cheating attacks against ARP, such as imitating Gateway, cheating Gateway, cheating terminal Hosts and ARP Flooding Attack, frequently occur to the network, especially to the large network such as campus network and so on.
Figure 11-10 ARP Attack – Cheating Gateway As the above figure shown, the attacker sends the fake ARP packets of Host A to the Gateway, and then the Gateway will automatically update its ARP table after receiving the ARP packets. When the Gateway tries to communicate with Host A in LAN, it will encapsulate this false destination MAC address for packets, which results in a breakdown of the normal communication.
As the above figure shown, the attacker sends the fake ARP packets of Host A to Host B, and then Host B will automatically update its ARP table after receiving the ARP packets. When Host B tries to communicate with Host A, it will encapsulate this false destination MAC address for packets, which results in a breakdown of the normal communication. Man-In-The-Middle Attack The attacker continuously sends the false ARP packets to the Hosts in LAN so as to make the Hosts maintain the wrong ARP table.
ARP Flooding Attack The attacker broadcasts a mass of various fake ARP packets in a network segment to occupy the network bandwidth viciously, which results in a dramatic slowdown of network speed. Meantime, the Gateway learns the false IP address-to-MAC address mapping entries from these ARP packets and updates its ARP table.
Trusted Port Trusted Port: Select the port for which the ARP Detect function is unnecessary as the Trusted Port. The specific ports, such as up-linked port, routing port and LAG port, should be set as Trusted Port. To ensure the normal communication of the switch, please configure the ARP Trusted Port before enabling the ARP Detect function. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together. Required.
Figure 11-14 ARP Defend The following entries are displayed on this screen: ARP Defend Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select your desired port for configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Defend: Select Enable/Disable the ARP Defend feature for the port. Speed: Enter a value to specify the maximum amount of the received ARP packets per second.
Figure 11-15 ARP Statistics The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the Auto Refresh feature. Refresh Interval: Specify the refresh interval to display the ARP Statistics. Illegal ARP Packet Port: Displays the port number. Trusted Port: Indicates the port is an ARP Trusted Port or not. Illegal ARP Packet: Displays the number of the received illegal ARP packets. 11.
Figure 11-16 IP Source Guard The following entries are displayed on this screen: IP Source Guard Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select your desired port for configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Security Type: Select Security Type for the port. LAG: Disable: Select this option to disable the IP Source Guard feature for the port.
packets may incur a breakdown of the network. The switch can defend several types of DoS attack listed in the following table. DoS Attack Type Description Land Attack The attacker sends a specific fake SYN packet to the destination Host. Since both the source IP address and the destination IP address of the SYN packet are set to be the IP address of the Host, the Host will be trapped in an endless circle for building the initial connection. The performance of the network will be reduced extremely.
11.4.1 DoS Defend On this page, you can enable the DoS Defend type appropriate to your need. Choose the menu Network Security→DoS Defend→DoS Defend to load the following page. Figure 11-17 DoS Defend The following entries are displayed on this screen: Configure DoS Protection: Allows you to Enable/Disable DoS Protection function. Defend Table Select: Select the entry to enable the corresponding Defend Type. Defend Type: Displays the Defend Type name.
protocol enabled, a supplicant can access the LAN only when it passes the authentication, whereas those failing to pass the authentication are denied when accessing the LAN. Architecture of 802.1X Authentication 802.1X adopts a client/server architecture with three entities: a supplicant system, an authenticator system, and an authentication server system, as shown in the following figure. Figure 11-19 Architecture of 802.
802.1X Authentication Procedure An 802.1X authentication can be initiated by supplicant system or authenticator system. When the authenticator system detects an unauthenticated supplicant in LAN, it will initiate the 802.1X authentication by sending EAP-Request/Identity packets to the supplicant. The supplicant system can also launch an 802.1X client program to initiate an 802.
5. Upon receiving the key (encapsulated in an EAP-Request/MD5 Challenge packet) from the switch, the client program encrypts the password of the supplicant system with the key and sends the encrypted password (contained in an EAP-Response/MD5 Challenge packet) to the RADIUS server through the switch. (The encryption is irreversible.) 6. The RADIUS server compares the received encrypted password (contained in a RADIUS Access-Request packet) with the locally-encrypted password.
request packet to the supplicant system if the supplicant system fails to respond in the specified timeout period. （2） RADIUS server timer (Server Timeout): This timer is triggered by the switch after the switch sends an authentication request packet to RADIUS server. The switch will resend the authentication request packet if the RADIUS server fails to respond in the specified timeout period. （3） Quiet-period timer (Quiet Period): This timer sets the quiet-period.
Figure 11-22 Global Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config 802.1X: Enable/Disable the 802.1X function. Auth Method: Select the Authentication Method from the pull-down list. EAP-MD5: IEEE 802.1X authentication system uses extensible authentication protocol (EAP) to exchange information between the switch and the client.
Supplicant Timeout: Specify the maximum time for the switch to wait for the response from supplicant before resending a request to the supplicant. Server Timeout: Specify the maximum time for the switch to wait for the response from authentication server before resending a request to the authentication server. 11.5.2 Port Config On this page, you can configure the 802.1X features for the ports basing on the actual network. Choose the menu Network Security→802.1X→Port Config to load the following page.
Control Type: Specify the Control Type for the port. MAC Based: Any client connected to the port should pass the 802.1X Authentication for access. Port Based: All the clients connected to the port can access the network on the condition that any one of the clients has passed the 802.1X Authentication. Authorized: Displays the authentication status of the port. LAG: Displays the LAG to which the port belongs to. 11.5.
Secondary IP: Enter the IP address of the alternate accounting server. Accounting Port: Set the UDP port of accounting server(s). The default port is 1813. Accounting Key: Set the shared password for the switch and the accounting servers to exchange messages. Note: 1. The 802.1X function takes effect only when it is enabled globally on the switch and for the port. 2. The 802.1X function can not be enabled for LAG member ports. That is, the port with 802.1X function enabled can not be added to the LAG.
Chapter 12 SNMP SNMP Overview SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) has gained the most extensive application on the UDP/IP networks. SNMP provides a management frame to monitor and maintain the network devices. It is used for automatically managing the various network devices no matter the physical differences of the devices. Currently, most network management systems are based on SNMP.
failing to pass community name authentication are discarded. The community name can limit access to SNMP Agent from SNMP NMS, functioning as a password. SNMP v2c: SNMP v2c also adopts community name authentication. It is compatible with SNMP v1 while enlarges the function of SNMP v1. SNMP v3: Basing on SNMP v1 and SNMP v2c, SNMP v3 extremely enhances the security and manageability. It adopts VACM (View-based Access Control Model) and USM (User-Based Security Model) authentication.
SNMP module is used to configure the SNMP function of the switch, including three submenus: SNMP Config, Notification and RMON. 12.1 SNMP Config The SNMP Config can be implemented on the Global Config, SNMP View, SNMP Group, SNMP User and SNMP Community pages. 12.1.1 Global Config To enable SNMP function, please configure the SNMP function globally on this page. Choose the menu SNMP→SNMP Config→Global Config to load the following page.
12.1.2 SNMP View The OID (Object Identifier) of the SNMP packets is used to describe the managed objects of the switch, and the MIB (Management Information Base) is the set of the OIDs. The SNMP View is created for the SNMP management station to manage MIB objects. Choose the menu SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP View to load the following page. Figure 12-4 SNMP View The following entries are displayed on this screen: View Config View Name: Give a name to the View for identification.
Figure 12-5 SNMP Group The following entries are displayed on this screen: Group Config Group Name: Enter the SNMP Group name. The Group Name, Security Model and Security Level compose the identifier of the SNMP Group. These three items of the Users in one group should be the same. Security Model: Select the Security Model for the SNMP Group. v1: SNMPv1 is defined for the group. In this model, the Community Name is used for authentication.
Group Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding group. It's multi-optional. Group Name: Displays the Group Name here. Security Model: Displays the Security Model of the group. Security Level: Displays the Security Level of the group. Read View: Displays the Read View name in the entry. Write View: Displays the Write View name in the entry. Notify View: Displays the Notify View name in the entry.
User Type: Local User: Indicates that the user is connected to a local SNMP engine. Remote User: Indicates that the user is connected to a remote SNMP engine. Group Name: Select the Group Name of the User. The User is classified to the corresponding Group according to its Group Name, Security Model and Security Level. Security Model: Select the Security Model for the User. Security Level: Select the Security Level for the SNMP v3 User.
12.1.5 SNMP Community SNMP v1 and SNMP v2c adopt community name authentication. The community name can limit access to the SNMP agent from SNMP network management station, functioning as a password. If SNMP v1 or SNMP v2c is employed, you can directly configure the SNMP Community on this page without configuring SNMP Group and User. Choose the menu SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP Community to load the following page.
Configuration Procedure: If SNMPv3 is employed, please take the following steps: Step Operation Description 1 Enable SNMP function globally. Required. On the SNMP→SNMP Config→Global Config page, enable SNMP function globally. 2 Create SNMP View. Required. On the SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP View page, create SNMP View of the management agent. The default View Name is viewDefault and the default OID is 1. 3 Create SNMP Group. Required.
12.2 Notification With the Notification function enabled, the switch can initiatively report to the management station about the important events that occur on the Views (e.g., the managed device is rebooted), which allows the management station to monitor and process the events in time. The notification information includes the following two types: Trap ： Trap is the information that the managed device initiatively sends to the Network management station without request.
Type: Select the type for the notifications. Trap: Indicates traps are sent. Inform: Indicates informs are sent. The Inform type has a higher security than the Trap type. Retry: Specify the amount of times the switch resends an inform request. The switch will resend the inform request if it doesn’t get the response from the management station during the Timeout interval, and it will terminate resending the inform request if the resending times reach the specified Retry times.
RMON Group Function History Group After a history group is configured, the switch collects and records network statistics information periodically, based on which the management station can monitor network effectively. Event Group Event Group is used to define RMON events. Alarms occur when an event is detected. Statistic Group Statistic Group is set to monitor the statistic of alarm variables on the specific ports. Alarm Group Alarm Group is configured to monitor the specific alarm variables.
12.3.2 Event Config On this page, you can configure the RMON events. Choose the menu SNMP→RMON→Event Config to load the following page. Figure 12-10 Event Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Event Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry. User: Enter the name of the User or the community to which the event belongs. Description: Give a description to the event for identification.
Figure 12-11 Alarm Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Alarm Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry. Variable: Select the alarm variables from the pull-down list. Port: Select the port on which the Alarm entry acts. Sample Type: Specify the sampling method for the selected variable and comparing the value against the thresholds.
Interval: Enter the alarm interval time in seconds. Owner: Enter the name of the device or user that defined the entry. Status: Select Enable/Disable the corresponding alarm entry. Note: When alarm variables exceed the Threshold on the same direction continuously for several times, an alarm event will only be generated on the first time, that is, the Rising Alarm and Falling Alarm are triggered alternately for that the alarm following to Rising Alarm is certainly a Falling Alarm and vice versa.
Chapter 13 LLDP LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) is a Layer 2 protocol that is used for network devices to advertise their own device information periodically to neighbors on the same IEEE 802 local area network. The advertised information, including details such as device identification, capabilities and configuration settings, is represented in TLV (Type/Length/Value) format according to the IEEE 802.1ab standard, and these TLVs are encapsulated in LLDPDU (Link Layer Discovery Protocol Data Unit).
Disable: the port cannot transmit or receive LLDPDUs. 2) 3) LLDPDU transmission mechanism If the ports are working in TxRx or Tx mode, they will advertise local information by sending LLDPDUs periodically. If there is a change in the local device, the change notification will be advertised.
TLV Type TLV Name Description Usage in LLDPDU 3 Time To Live Indicates the number of seconds that the neighbor device is to regard the local information to be valid. Mandatory 4 Port Description Identifies the description string of the port. Optional 5 System Name Identifies the system name. Optional 6 System Description Identifies the system description. Optional 7 System Capabilities Identifies the main functions of the system and the functions enabled.
System Name TLV The System Name TLV allows network management to advertise the system's assigned name, which should be the system's fully qualified domain name. Management TLV The Management Address TLV identifies an address associated with the local LLDP agent that may be used to reach higher entities to assist discovery by network management.
Figure 13-1 Global Configuration The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config LLDP: Enable/disable LLDP function globally. Parameters Config Transmit Interval: Enter the interval for the local device to transmit LLDPDU to its neighbors. The default value is 30 seconds. Hold Multiplier: Enter a multiplier on the Transmit Interval. It determines the actual TTL (Time To Live) value used in an LLDPDU. TTL = Hold Multiplier * Transmit Interval. The default value is 4.
Figure 13-2 Port Configuration The following entries are displayed on this screen: LLDP Port Config Port Select: Select the desired port to configure. Admin Status: Select the port’s LLDP operating mode: Tx&Rx: Send and receive LLDP frames. Rx_Only: Only receive LLDP frames. Tx_Only: Only send LLDP frames. Disable: Neither send nor receive LLDP frames. Notification Mode: Enable/Disable the ports' SNMP notification.
Figure 13-3 Local Information The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the auto refresh function. Refresh Rate: Specify the auto refresh rate. Local Info Enter the desired port number and click Select to display the information of the corresponding port. 13.2.2 Neighbor Info On this page you can get the information of the neighbors. Choose the menu LLDP→Device Info→Neighbor Info to load the following page.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the auto refresh function. Refresh Rate: Specify the auto refresh rate. Neighbor Info Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Local Port: Displays the local port number connecting to the neighbor device. System Name: Displays the system name of the neighbor device. Chassis ID: Displays the Chassis ID of the neighbor device.
Figure 13-5 Device Statistics The following entries are displayed on this screen: Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the auto refresh function. Refresh Rate: Specify the auto refresh rate. Global Statistics Last Update: Displays latest update time of the statistics. Total Inserts: Displays the number of neighbors inserted till last update time. Total Deletes: Displays the number of neighbors deleted by local device.
Receive Total: Displays the number of LLDPDUs received by this port. Discards: Displays the number of LLDPDUs discarded by this port. Errors: Displays the number of error LLDPDUs received by this port. Ageouts: Displays the number of overtime neighbors linking to this port. TLV Discards: Displays the number of TLVs dropped by this port. TLV Unknowns: Displays the number of unknown TLVs received by this port.
Chapter 14 Cluster With the development of network technology, the network scale is getting larger and more network devices are required, which may result in a more complicated network management system. As a large number of devices need to be assigned different network addresses and every management device needs to be respectively configured to meet the application requirements, manpower are needed. The Cluster Management function can solve the above problem.
The roles can be changed from one to anther following the specified rules. The current switch you create cluster is specified as the commander switch. The commander switch discovers and determines candidate switches by collecting related information. After being added to the cluster, the candidate switch becomes to be the member switch. After being removed from the cluster, the member switch becomes to be the candidate switch.
Figure 14-2 Neighbor Information The following entries are displayed on this screen: Neighbor Search Option: Select the information the desired entry should contain and then click the Search button to display the desired entry in the following Neighbor Information table. Neighbor Info Native Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Remote Port: Displays the port number of the neighbor switch which is connected to the corresponding port.
Figure 14-3 NDP Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config NDP: Displays the global NDP status (enabled or disabled) for the switch. Aging Time: Displays the period for the neighbor switch to keep the NDP packets from this switch. Hello Time: Displays the interval to send NDP packets. Port Status Port: Displays the port number of the switch. NDP: Displays the NDP status (enabled or disabled) for the current port.
Choose the menu Cluster→NDP→NDP Config to load the following page. Figure 14-4 NDP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config NDP: Select Enable/Disable NDP function globally. Aging Time: Enter the period for the neighbor switch to keep the NDP packets from this switch. Hello Time: Enter the interval to send NDP packets. Port Config Select: Select the desired port to configure its NDP status. Port: Displays the port number of the switch.
14.2 NTDP NTDP (Neighbor Topology Discovery Protocol）is used for the commander switch to collect NDP information. NTDP transmits and forwards NTDP topology collection request based on NDP neighbor information table, and collects the NDP information and neighboring connection information of each device in a specific network range. The commander switch can collects the specified topology in the network regularly and you can also enable topology collection manually on the commander switch.
Hops: Displays the hop count from this device to the switch. Neighbor Info: Click the Detail button to view the complete information of this device and its neighbors. Collect Topology: Click the Collect Topology button to collect NTDP information of the switch so as to collect the latest network topology. Click the Detail button to view the complete information of this device and its neighbors. Figure 14-6 Information of the Current Device 14.2.
Figure 14-7 NTDP Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config NTDP: Displays the NTDP status (enabled or disabled) of the switch globally. NTDP Interval Time: Displays the interval to collect topology information. NTDP Hops: Displays the hop count the switch topology collects. NTDP Hop Delay: Displays the time between the switch receiving NTDP request packets and the switch forwarding NTDP request packets for the first time.
Figure 14-8 NTDP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config NTDP: Select Enable/Disable NTDP for the switch globally. NTDP Interval Time: Enter the interval to collect topology information. The default is 1 minute. NTDP Hops: Enter the hop count the switch topology collects. The default is 3 hops. NTDP Hop Delay: Enter the time between the switch receiving NTDP request packets and the switch forwarding NTDP request packets for the first time.
NTDP: Displays NTDP status (enabled or disabled) of the current port. Enable: Click the Enable button to enable NTDP feature for the port you select. Disable: Click the Disable button to disable NTDP feature for the port you select. Note: NTDP function is effective only when NTDP function is enabled globally and for the port. 14.3 Cluster A commander switch can recognize and add the candidate switch to a cluster automatically based on NDP and NTDP.
For a commander switch，the following page is displayed: Figure 14-10 Cluster Summary for Commander Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config Cluster: Displays the cluster status (enabled or disabled) of the switch. Cluster Role: Displays the role the switch plays in the cluster. Cluster Name: Displays the name of the current cluster the switch belongs to. Cluster Config IP Pool & Mask: Displays the private IP range of the member switches in the cluster.
Displays the hop count from the member switch to the commander switch. Hops: For a member switch, the following page is displayed: Figure 14-11 Cluster Summary for Member Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: Global Config Cluster: Displays the cluster status (enabled or disabled) of the switch. Cluster Role: Displays the role the switch plays in the cluster. Cluster Name: Displays the name of the current cluster the switch belongs to.
For a candidate switch, the following page is displayed. Figure 14-13 Cluster Configuration for Candidate Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: Current Role Role: Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster. Role Change Individual: Select this option to change the role of the switch to be individual switch.
Current Role Role: Role Change Candidate: Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster. Select this option to change the role of the switch to be candidate switch. Cluster Config Hold Time: Enter the time for the switch to keep the cluster information. Interval Time: Enter the interval to send handshake packets. For a member switch, the following page is displayed.
Role: Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster. Role Change Candidate: Select this option to change the role of the switch to be candidate switch. 14.3.3 Member Config When this switch is the commander switch of the cluster, via the commander switch you can manually add a candidate switch to the cluster as well as remove the designated member switch from the cluster. On this page you can configure and manage the member switch.
14.3.4 Cluster Topology On this page you can see the whole cluster topology. Click the node switch to directly log on to the corresponding Web management page for you to configure and manage this switch. Double-click the node switch to view its detailed information. Choose the menu Cluster→Cluster→Cluster Topology to load the following page.
If the switch is a commander switch in the cluster, please take the following steps. Step Operation Description 1 Enable the NDP function globally and for the port, and then configure NDP parameters Optional. On Cluster→NDP→NDP Config page, enable the NDP function on the switch. 2 Enable the NTDP function globally and for the port, and then configure NTDP parameters Optional. On Cluster→NTDP→NTDP Config page, enable the NTDP function on the switch.
14.4 Application Example for Cluster Function Network Requirements Three switches form cluster, one commander switch and two member switches. The administrator manages all the switches in the cluster via the commander switch. Port 1 of the commander switch is connecting to the external network, port 2 is connecting to member switch 1 and port 3 is connecting to member switch 2. IP pool: 175.128.0.1, Mask: 255.255.255.0.
Step Operation Description 3 Create a cluster and configure the related parameters On Cluster→Cluster→Cluster Config page, configure the role as Commander and enter the related information. IP pool: 175.128.0.1 Mask: 255.255.255.0 4 Configure the member switch On Cluster→Cluster→Member Config page, select the member switch and click the Manage button to log on to its Web management page.
Chapter 15 Maintenance Maintenance module, assembling the commonly used system tools to manage the switch, provides the convenient method to locate and solve the network problem. （1） System Monitor: Monitor the utilization status of the memory and the CPU of switch. （2） Log: View the configuration parameters of the switch and find out the errors via the Logs. （3） Cable Test: Test the connection status of the cable to locate and diagnose the trouble spot of the network.
15.1.2 Memory Monitor Choose the menu Maintenance→System Monitor→Memory Monitor to load the following page. Figure 15-2 Memory Monitor Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its Memory utilization rate every four seconds. 15.2 Log The Log system of switch can record, classify and manage the system information effectively, providing powerful support for network administrator to monitor network operation and diagnose malfunction.
The Log function is implemented on the Log Table, Local Log, Remote Log and Backup Log pages. 15.2.1 Log Table The switch supports logs output to two directions, namely, log buffer and log file. The information in log buffer will be lost after the switch is rebooted or powered off whereas the information in log file will be kept effective even the switch is rebooted or powered off. Log Table displays the system log information in log buffer.
Figure 15-4 Local Log The following entries are displayed on this screen: Local Log Config Select: Select the desired entry to configure the corresponding local log. Log Buffer: Indicates the RAM for saving system log. The inforamtion in the log buffer is displayed on the Log Table page. It will be lost when the switch is restarted. Log File: Indicates the flash sector for saving system log.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Log Host Index: Displays the index of the log host. The switch supports 4 log hosts. Host IP: Configure the IP for the log host. UDP Port: Displays the UDP port used for receiving/sending log information. Here we use the standard port 514. Severity: Specify the severity level of the log information sent to each log host. Only the log with the same or smaller severity level value will be sent to the corresponding log host.
15.3.1 Cable Test Cable Test functions to test the connection status of the cable connected to the switch, which facilitates you to locate and diagnose the trouble spot of the network. Choose the menu Maintenance→Device Diagnostics→Cable Test to load the following page. Figure 15-7 Cable Test The following entries are displayed on this screen: Cable Test Port: Select the port for cable testing. Pair: Displays the Pair number.
Figure 15-8 Loopback The following entries are displayed on this screen: Loopback Type Internal: Select Internal to test whether the port is available. External: Select External to test whether the device connected to the port of the switch is available Loopback Port Loopback Port: Select the desired port for loopback test. Test: Click the Test button to start the loopback test for the port. Loopback Result Here you can view the loop back result. 15.
Figure 15-9 Ping The following entries are displayed on this screen: Ping Config Destination IP: Enter the IP address of the destination node for Ping test. Ping Times: Enter the amount of times to send test data during Ping testing. The default value is recommended. Data Size: Enter the size of the sending data during Ping testing. The default value is recommended. Interval: Specify the interval to send ICMP request packets. The default value is recommended.
Figure 15-10 Tracert The following entries are displayed on this screen: Tracert Config Destination IP: Enter the IP address of the destination device. Max Hop: Specify the maximum number of the route hops the test data can pass through. Tracert Result Here you can view the Tracert result.
Chapter 16 System Maintenance via FTP The firmware can be downloaded to the switch via FTP function. FTP (File Transfer Protocol), a protocol in the application layer, is mainly used to transfer files between the remote server and the local PCs. It is a common protocol used in the IP network for files transfer. If there is something wrong with the firmware of the switch and the switch can not be launched, the firmware can be downloaded to the switch again via FTP function. 1.
2） The Connection Description Window will prompt shown as Figure 16-3. Enter a name into the Name field and click OK. Figure 16-3 Connection Description 3） Select the port to connect in Figure 16-4 and click OK. Figure 16-4 Select the port to connect 4） Configure the port selected in the step above shown as the following Figure 16-5. Configure Bits per second as 38400, Data bits as 8, Parity as None, Stop bits as 1, Flow control as None, and then click OK.
Figure 16-5 Port Settings 3. Download Firmware via bootUtil menu To download firmware to the switch via FTP function, you need to enter into the bootUtil menu of the switch and take the following steps. 1） Connect the console port of the PC to the console port of the switch and open hyper terminal. Connect FTP server to port 1 of the switch. 2） Power off and restart the switch.
[TP-LINK]: ifconfig ip 172.31.70.22 mask 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.31.70.1 4） Configure the parameters of the FTP server which keeps the upgrade firmware. Later you can download the firmware to the switch from the FTP server. The format of the command is: ftp host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx user xxxxx pwd xxxxx file xxxxxx.bin. Here take the following parameters of the FTP server as an example. IP address is 172.31.70.
Appendix A: Specifications IEEE802.3 10Base-T Ethernet IEEE802.3u 100Base-TX IEEE802.3ab 1000Base-T Gigabit Ethernet Standards IEEE802.3z 1000Base-X Gigabit Ethernet IEEE802.3x Flow Control IEEE802.1p QoS IEEE802.1q VLAN IEEE802.1X Port-based Access Authentication Ethernet: 10Mbps HD，20Mbps FD Transmission Rate Fast Ethernet: 100Mbps HD，200Mbps FD Gigabit Ethernet: 2000Mbps FD 10Base-T: UTP/STP of Cat. 3 or above Transmission Medium 100Base-TX: UTP/STP of Cat. 5 1000Base-T: 4-pair UTP (≤100m) of Cat.
Appendix B: Configuring the PCs In this section, we’ll introduce how to install and configure the TCP/IP correctly in Windows 2000. First make sure your Ethernet Adapter is working, refer to the adapter’s manual if necessary. 1. Configure TCP/IP component 1) On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Control Panel. 2) Click the Network and Internet Connections icon, and then click on the Network Connections tab in the appearing window.
5) The following TCP/IP Properties window will display and the IP Address tab is open on this window by default. Figure B-3 6) Select Use the following IP address. And the following items will be available. If the switch's IP address is 192.168.0.1, specify IP address as 192.168.0.x (x is from 2 to 254), and the Subnet mask as 255.255.255.0. Now: Click OK to save your settings.
Appendix C: 802.1X Client Software In 802.1X mechanism, the supplicant Client should be equipped with the corresponding client software complied with 802.1X protocol standard for 802.1X authentication. When the switch TL-SG5428 works as the authenticator system, please take the following instructions to install the TpSupplicant provided on the attached CD for the supplicant Client. 1.1 1. Installation Guide Insert the provided CD into your CD-ROM drive.
Figure C-3 Welcome to the InstallShield Wizard 4. To continue, choose the destination location for the installation files and click Next on the following screen. Figure C-4 Choose Destination Location By default, the installation files are saved on the Program Files folder of system disk. Click the Change button to modify the destination location proper to your need. 5. Till now, The Wizard is ready to begin the installation. Click Install to start the installation on the following screen.
Figure C-5 Install the Program 6. The InstallShield Wizard is installing TpSupplicant shown as the following screen. Please wait. Figure C-6 Setup Status 7. On the following screen, click Finish to complete the installation.
Figure C-7 InstallShield Wizard Complete Note: Please pay attention to the tips on the above screen. If you have not installed WinPcap 4.0.2 or the higher version on your computer, the 802.1X Client Software TpSupplicant can not work. It’s recommended to go to http://www.winpcap.org to download the latest version of WinPcap for installation. 1.2 Uninstall Software If you want to remove the TpSupplicant, please take the following steps: 1.
2. Then the following screen will appear. If you want to stop the remove process, click Cancel. Figure C-9 Preparing Setup 3. On the continued screen, click Yes to remove the application from your PC. Figure C-10 Uninstall the Application 4. Click Finish to complete. Figure C-11 Uninstall Complete 1.3 1. Configuration After completing installation, double click the icon Software. The following screen will appear. 237 to run the TP-LINK 802.
Figure C-12 TP-LINK 802.1X Client Enter the Name and the Password specified in the Authentication Server. The length of Name and Password should be less than 16 characters. 2. Click the Properties button on Figure C-12 to load the following screen for configuring the connection properties. Figure C-13 Connection Properties Send 802.1X protocol packets by Unicast: When this option is selected, the Client will send the EAPOL Start packets to the switch via multicast and send the 802.
Auto reconnect after timeout: Select this option to allow the Client to automatically start the connection again when it does not receive the handshake reply packets from the switch within a period. 3. To continue, click Connect button after entering the Name and Password on Figure C-12. Then the following screen will appear to prompt that the Radius server is being searched. Figure C-14 Authentication Dialog 4. When passing the authentication, the following screen will appear.
FAQ: Q1: Why does this error dialog box pop up when starting up the TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software? A1: It’s because the supported DLL file is missing. You are suggested to go to http://www.winpcap.org to download WinPcap 4.0.2 or the higher version for installation, and run the client software again. Q2: Is this TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software compliable with the switches of the other manufacturers? A2: No. This TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software is customized for TP-LINK switches.
Appendix D: Glossary Access Control List (ACL) ACLs can limit network traffic and restrict access to certain users or devices by checking each packet for certain IP or MAC (i.e., Layer 2) information. Boot Protocol (BOOTP) BOOTP is used to provide bootup information for network devices, including IP address information, the address of the TFTP server that contains the devices system files, and the name of the boot file.
GMRP allows network devices to register end stations with multicast groups. GMRP requires that any participating network devices or end stations comply with the IEEE 802.1p standard. Group Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP) See Generic Attribute Registration Protocol. IEEE 802.1D Specifies a general method for the operation of MAC bridges, including the Spanning Tree Protocol. IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Tagging—Defines Ethernet frame tags which carry VLAN information.
Layer 2 Data Link layer in the ISO 7-Layer Data Communications Protocol. This is related directly to the hardware interface for network devices and passes on traffic based on MAC addresses. Link Aggregation See Port Trunk. Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) Allows ports to automatically negotiate a trunked link with LACP-configured ports on another device. Management Information Base (MIB) An acronym for Management Information Base.
Secure Shell (SSH) A secure replacement for remote access functions, including Telnet. SSH can authenticate users with a cryptographic key, and encrypt data connections between management clients and the switch. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) The application protocol in the Internet suite of protocols which offers network management services. Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) SNTP allows a device to set its internal clock based on periodic updates from a Network Time Protocol (NTP) server.
