Test and Installation of an Automatic Weather Station to Provide Ground-Based FTIR Measurements for TCCON Diploma Thesis by Hendrik Zöphel Mat.Nr.: 488470 born 18. October 1979 Supervised by Dr. Dietrich Feist Prof. Dr. Andreas Schleicher Submitted on 26.
Affidavit I hereby declare on oath that this thesis is my own work and that it contains no material previously published, or substantially overlapping with material submitted for the award of any other degree at any institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text.
Acknowledgement First of all I wish to thank Dr. Dietrich Feist and Dr. Martin Heimann for giving me the opportunity to conduct this thesis. Furthermore, I want to express my gratitude for the great support and the survey of this work by Dr. Dietrich Feist. I also want to thank Prof. Dr. Andreas Schleicher for supervising my thesis as dean of the departement of SciTec of the University of Applied Science Jena.
Abstract Measurements with the MPI-BGC FTIR system are only possible when the sun is visible. However, the solar tracker which guides the sunlight into the instrument has to be protected from precipitation and other adverse environmental conditions. Therefore the FTIR system needs a weather station to determine if the local weather conditions are favourable for measurements or if the solar tracker should be protected.
The sensor signals are collected by the Datalogger CR1000 at several analog and digital inputs. The CR1000 and the sensors form a completely autonomous system which works close together with the other systems installed in the Container. Thus, this automated measurement system is possible. Communication with the master PC is accomplished over an ethernet connection with the Ethernet/Compact Flash Module NL115.
Contents 1 Scope 9 2 The Sensors 2.1 13 Weather Station - Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.1.1 Temperature/Humidity - Galltec/Mela KPC 1/6-ME . . . . . 14 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Measuring Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.1.2 Wind Speed - Lambrecht 14577 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Measuring Principle . . . . . . . . .
Measuring Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2.2 Temperature/Humidity - Campbell Scientific CS215 . . . . . . 27 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Measuring Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3 Data Acquisition 3.1 29 Datalogger CR1000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.1.1 Connecting Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.1.2 Peripheral Devices . . . . . . . . .
5 The Sensors - Test Series 5.1 52 Climate and Pressure Chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 5.1.1 Temperature/Humidity - Galltec/Mela KPC 1/6-ME . . . . . 52 Temperature and Humidity Mesurement as a Function of Time 52 Temperature and Humidity Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Sensor Difference for Temperature and Humidity . . . . . . . 57 5.1.2 Pressure - Vaisala PTB210 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Pressure Measurement as a Function of Time . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 1 Scope The Earth’s climate has changed throughout the history. From glacial periods or "ice ages" where ice covered significant portions of the Earth to interglacial periods where ice retreated to the poles or melted entirely - the climate has continuously changed. Figure 1.1: Greenhouse Gas Cycle [http://oco.jpl.nasa.gov/images/greenhouse-sm1.gif, 12.09.08] There are a lot of factors effecting the climatic behaviour of the Earth. CO2 is a critical component of the Earth’s atmosphere.
age, there has been a concentration increase of CO2 of about 25%, from about 280 parts per million to over 370 parts per million. Scientific studies indicate that CO2 is one of several gases that trap heat near the surface of the Earth. These gases are known as greenhouse gases [1]. Figure 1.1 shows the global greenhouse gas cycle. Many scientists have concluded that substantial increases in the abundance of CO2 will generate an increase in the Earth’s surface temperature.
Unfortunately, the global network does not include enough stations to resolve the spatial distribution of CO2 sources and sinks at the scale of continents or ocean basins. Thus, even with these extensive measurements, the processes that regulate the exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the biosphere are not completely understood. One of the ground-based measurement projects that collaborates with the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center of the U. S.
The column observation, in combination with the existing and growing surface measurements, will improve estimates of surface flux of greenhouse gases, allowing improved predictions of their future concentrations, and ultimately climate. In addition to their direct use for carbon flux studies, TCCON measurements will be used to validate satellite column measurements for the Orbitting Carbon Observatory (OCO), Scimatchy and the Global Greenhouse Observation by Satelite (GOSAT).
Chapter 2 The Sensors 2.1 Weather Station - Instrumentation The intended goal of the use of the weather station is to provide all the meteorological data which are required for measuring a solar spectrum by means of the BGC-FTIR-System as well as to make this system completely automatic. Figure 2.1 shows the weather station. Figure 2.
2.1.1 Temperature/Humidity - Galltec/Mela KPC 1/6-ME Function Temperature and humidity are not only fundamental, but also crucial parameters, within the measuring process of the BGC-FTIR-Container. So longterm recordings outside the BGC-FTIR-Container are done to find out possible discrepancies in solar spectra. Furthermore, these measurements contribute to avoid condensation on the mirror‘s surface of the solar tracker in case of humidity levels at high ranges. Figure 2.
This sensor element is distinguished through its nominal resistance R0 of 100 ohm. Humidity is measured by use of a capacitive sensor element. Thus, the humidity sensor forms a capacitor with its environment. If there are any changes in humidity, there are also changes in capacitance of the capacitor because of the difference in permittivity. Figure 2.3 shows the capacitive sensor principle. The capacity is calculated with equation 2.1. Figure 2.3: Capacitive Sensor Principle [http://upload.wikimedia.
The structure of the sensing element is demontrated in Fig. 2.4. There is a thin gold layer, a hygroscopic polymer layer, a electrode system and a ceramic substrate. Figure 2.4: Sensing Element [Physics of the Humidity Technology, R. Freitag, PowerPoint Presentation, 4/07] The Polymer is to be poised with the environment and store water, where the thin goldlayer is water vapour permeable.
2.1.2 Wind Speed - Lambrecht 14577 Function When weather condition are characterized by high wind speeds, the dome of the solar tracker should close for protecting the sensitive instrument. Thus, wind speed is one of the parameters which is determined for protecting the solar tracker. If high wind speeds do occure at a high level a signal is send to the control system of the BGC-FTIR-Container, the SPS, to close the dome of the solar tracker.
ter. This information of changing by time is going to be processed in the connected microcontroller in order to have an analog output for wind speed. Unfortunately, there are no further detailed information about the measuring principle from the manufacturer. 2.1.3 Precipitation - Lambrecht 15153 Function Figure 2.6 shows Lambrecht’s precipitation detector. This sensor transmits signals to determine the beginning and the end of precipitation and the duration of the period of precipitation. Figure 2.
The control system of the BGC-FTIR-Container processes this event for further steps concerning the protection of the solar tracker. Figure 2.7: Sensors Light Barrier System [Manual - Electronic Precipitation Indicator 15153, 1/07] A built-in incidence-filter smoothes the triggering of swiching signals in case of individual incidences, as for example leafs, bird droppings, insects etc. For this, a certain number of at least "n" incidences should have occured within a time-frame of 50 seconds.
2.1.4 Precipitation - Lambrecht 15152 Function In order to provide a detection of all kinds of precipitation the precipitation instrumentation is enlarged by the Lambrecht 15152. It is a very simple but reliable sensor as shown in Fig. 2.8. Figure 2.8: Lambrecht Rain Sensor 15152 [Manual - Electronic Rain Indicator 15152, 6/07] The sensor‘s surface is heated in two levels. The first level is switched on constantly to prevent ice and dew formation.
2.1.5 Solar Radiation - Kipp & Zonen CMP3 Function Measurements with the BGC-FTIR-System are only possible when the sun is visible. Therefore the Pyranometer CMP 3 comes into operation to determine if the local conditions are favourable for measuremnts or not. Figure 2.9 shows the instrument. Figure 2.9: Kipp & Zonen CMP3 [http://www.campbellsci.com/images/cmp3.jpg, 02.09.
The most important components are the thermopile sensor with a black coating, which absorbs all solar radiation, has a flat spectrum covering the 300 to 50000 nanometer range and has a near-perfect cosine response as well as the glass dome. This dome limits the spectral response from 310 to 2800 nanometers (cutting off the part above 2800 nm) while preserving the 180 degrees field of view.
2.1.6 Pressure - Vaisala PTB210 Function The pressure measurement requires high accuracy and precision to calculate volume mixing ratio of the measured trace gases. These data are also measured to be archieved with the solar spectrum in the database of the TCCON network for further processing. Thus, the automatic weather station is equipped with two digital Vaisala PTB 210 which features digital output in an range of 500 to 1100 hPa.
measurements. Upon every maintenance visit, one of the barometers should be replaced with the recalibrated spare one. This way you can ensure that there is a maximum in accuracy and precission for further calculations. Measuring Principle The PTB210 barometers incorporate the BAROCAP silicon capacitive absolute pressure sensor developed by Vaisala [8] . The BAROCAP principle can be found in 2.13.
2.2 BGC-FTIR-Container - Monitoring It is not only important to provide all the meteorological data, you also have to bear in mind the conditions inside the BGC-FTIR-Container. In oder to do this several sensors are mounted for monitoring the crucial parameters in case of a failure in air conditioning or simply to control temperature inside the FTIR instrument. 2.2.
Figure 2.15: Thermistor Probe Schematic [Manual - Model 107 Temperature Probe, 4/07] The ration of measured voltage (Vs) to the excitation voltage (Vx) is related to the thermistor resistance (Rs), and the 1000 and 249K ohm fixed resistor shown in equation 2.3 below. V s/V x = 1000 Rs + 249000 + 1000 (2.3) The sensor calculates Rs from the voltage ration, and converts Rs to temperature using the Steinhart-Hart equation in 2.4. T = • T 1 A + B(LnRs) + C(LnRs)3 ) − 273.
2.2.2 Temperature/Humidity - Campbell Scientific CS215 Function To complete the monitoring of the conditions inside the BGC-FTIR-Container the digital Temperature/Humidity Sensor CS215 comes into operation. Figure 2.16 shows the sensor. It features a digital SDI-12 output allowing simple connection to the Control-Port of the Datalogger CR1000. Figure 2.
In addition to the resistive method for temperature measurement, the capacitive measurement principle is used as in the KPC 1/6-ME temperature and humidity sensor. For this principle, the sensor element is built out of a capacitor. The dielectric is a polymer which absorbs or releases water proportionally to the relative environmental humidity, and thus changes the capacitance of the capacitor. This change in capacitance can be measured by an electronic circuit.
Chapter 3 Data Acquisition 3.1 Datalogger CR1000 The following notes give an outline of the ports and moduls which are used for operating with the instrumentation of the automatic weather station. Figure 3.1 gives an overview of several possibilities of connecting sensors and modules to the data logger. Figure 3.
3.1.1 Connecting Panel The Datalogger CR1000 has powerful analog and digital features as well as a lot of connection options for communication with several peripherals and sensors. That makes it easy to assemble the weather station with all the instrumentation and additional moduls which are necessary to put a completely autonomous system into practice.
Serial Data The digital pressure sensor PTB210 transmits serial data which are received at the COM-Ports of the Datalogger CR1000. Figure 3.3 shows the common connection scheme. Figure 3.3: Connecting to COM-Ports [Manual - CR1000 Measurement & Control System, 1/08] The operating command is send through the transmit line (TX) while the receive line (RX) is responsible for the data acquisition.
CS I/O The 9-pin CS I/O-Port (Campbell Scientific Input / Output) as shown in Fig. 3.5 is used to connect to Campbell Scientific telecommuinication peripherals. Figure 3.5: CS I/O Port [Manual - CR1000 Measurement & Control System, 1/08] It is designed to operate and set-up the Datalogger CR1000 by using the additional keyboard display CR1000KD.
3.1.2 Peripheral Devices Communication with the master host has to be as comfortable as possible due to the flexible and worldwide use of the BGC-FTIR-Container. Moreover, the set-up of parameters concerning the programming or communication should be easy to handle in case of changes or maintenance. Thus, additional modules come into operation.
Ethernet and CompactFlash Modul NL115 Figure 3.8 shows Campbell Scientific’s NL115 Ethernet/CompactFlash Module. It provides two useful capabilities. It enables 10baseT Ethernet communications and stores data on a removable CF-Card. So it is possible to communicate over the local network of the BGC-FTIR-Container, respectively via TCP/IP. Figure 3.8: Ethernet and CompactFlash Module - NL115 [Manual - NL115 Ethernet & CompactFlash Module, 4/08] More important is the use of data transfer via FTP.
Chapter 4 Programming The CR1000 requires a program be sent to its memory to direct measurement, processing and data storage options. Programs are sent with a special support software but can also be sent from a CF card by using the power-up funtion. For details see section 4.6 on page 51. CR1000 application programs are written in a variation of BASIC (Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) computer language, CRBASIC (Camp. Recorder BASIC).
4.2 Structure The proper structure of an CRBASIC program is demontrated in Fig. 4.1 and reflects the general structure of the program written for the automatic weather station. Figure 4.
4.3 Declarations The declarations at the beginning of an CRBASIC program are like an abstract for the user to know about the parameters of capital importance. This enfoldes the sensors with their port-usage at the data logger, peripheral devices, both measurement and data storge characteristics. However, this program segment has nothing to do with the actual program run and just gives an account of readings and terms. 4.3.
it is simply declared as array as shown below: Public T107_C(2) Public TRHData(2) Alias TRHData(1)=Temp_C Alias TRHData(2)=Humid_C This creates in memory four variables T107_C(1), T107_C(2), Temp_C and Humid_C. Thus, the amount of required code reduces to a minimum. Furthermore, this example demonstrates the use of aliases which is equivalent to the assignment of stored ASCII data within the TRHData-Array to the variables Temp_C and Humid_C.
Variable data types are STRING and the numeric types: FLOAT, LONG and BOOLEAN. In the program sequence of the automatic weather station the data types IEEE4 an STRING are to be used. The example below points this out.
In the programming of the weather station all constants such as calibraiton factors, offsets and ASCII text commands are stored in an external data file on the CF card. For detailed information of source code see appendix B on page 85. It is itegrated within the normal program sequence through a simple include command for execution. The example below shows the procedure of declaring constants. Const = CR = CHR(13) Const = LF = CHR(10) Const = Command = ".P" + CR + LF Const = wind_multiplier = 0.
The program stores individual measurements as minimum, maximum, squared sum and averages as base values for a scan interval in two different tables for outdoor and indoor measurements. Moreover each table is associated with overhead information that becomes part of the ASCII file header when data are downloaded to a PC.
4.4.1 DataTable() and EndTable() As already shown, data table declartion begins with the DataTable() instruction and ends with the EndTable instruction. DataTable(Table_Indoor,True,-1) ... EndTable Between these instructions that define what data are to store and under what conditions data are stored. A data table must be called by the CRBASIC program for data storage processing to occur. Typically, data tables are called by the CallTable() instruction once each scan in the main program.
A timestamp will not be stored for each record. When data are downloaded or the binary fomat is converted by the support software, timestamps are calculated from the data storage interval set in DataInterval() and the time of most recent record. As each new record is stored, the current timestamp is compared with the last known stored record. So when the CR1000 determines a record has been skipped, a timestamp will be stored with the data. This discontinuity in records is termed a "lapse".
Average, Sample and CardOut are predefined instructions within the library of CRBASIC. The following notes give an account of the crucial instruction parameters which are of great importance for the storage process.
The data table of outdoor measurements looks more comprehensive because of the redundant sensor principle. Moreover are there further parameters (minimum, maximum, squared sum) which have to be recorded.
4.5 Program - Main Scan Aside from declarations and tables the CRBASIC program needs more instructions in order to work properly and above all instructions to assign the variables with the intended values. The executable code begins with BeginProg and ends with EndProg. Measurements, processing and calls to data tables within the Scan / NextScan loop determine the sequence and timing of program functions.
4.5.1 Instructions In addition to BASIC syntax, additional intructions are included in CRBASIC to facilitate measurements and store data like shown in in the previous example. The following notes give an outline of the use of some instructions for operating the instrumentation of the automatic weather station. Port-Configuration and Measurement Processing First of all it is of great importance to define the ports on which the sensors should work.
Serial sensors are not as easy to handle. The following example of pressure readings illustrates this issue. First you have to set up the datalogger‘s ports for communication with a non-PakBus device. SerialOpen(Com1,9600,10,0,0) SerialOpen(Com2,9600,10,0,0) When the serial open function is executed, the serial ports are "opened" at 9600 baud and subsequent textual messages will flow in and out of the port in between PakBus packetes.
Calibration Factors and Offsets Calibration factors and offsets are important parameters which have to be determined for converting analog signals into engineering units. The parameters are calculated due to the voltage output ranges referring to their output range for metorological data according to a simple equation system: xU (V )l − y = zl (4.1) xU (V )u − y = zu (4.
4.5.2 Expressions Expressions are used as operators or numbers that produce a value or a result. The programming of the automatic weather station requires such expressions in terms of converting strings into numeric values as well as to save a squared sum over the scan interval. String Expressions CRBASIC allows the addidtion and concatenation of string variables to variables of all types using + operators.
4.6 User-Defined Power-Up Function The key to the CF power-up function is the powerup.ini file, which contains a list of command lines. At power-up, the powerup.ini command line is executed prior to compiling the program. The powerup.ini is created with a text editor and the syntax is very simple. Detailed information can be found in [16]. Command,File,Device The powerup.ini is allways copied to the CF-Card with the associated files for proceeding the action. The default file is: 6,WMS_FTIR.
Chapter 5 The Sensors - Test Series It is a basic need to test the sensors for their functional capability and accuracy in advance. This is also meant to prevent possible differences in readings due to the redundant sensor principle. The following sections will give an overview of the sensors which have been properly tested. Some of the sensors measuring temperature, humidity and pressure have been tested in the climate and pressure chamber at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemie Jena.
grees celsius which was kept within a period of thirty minutes before skipping to the next temperature level. Figure 5.1: Temperature Measurement as a Function of Time The blue and green line represent the two sensors, whereas the red line expresses the reference device. It is striking that there is almost no difference in readings among the sensors. However, there are varieties in response time in comparison to the reference device.
To verify the humidity readings the programmable logic control was set to escalated steps of five percent which was kept within a period of thirty minutes before skipping to the next level. Figure 5.2: RH Measurement as a Function of Time Figure 5.2 gives an account of the chronological sequence of this measurement. The curve progression may appear a little bit strange at first sight. The reason for that is as simple as partly preventable.
As a result measurements varying according to the process of line-up are recorded. A simple troubleshooting can be accomplished by placing the reference sensor farther to the air flow of the climate chamber. Thus, there are no problems in the lining up of the intended humidity level. Furthermore can there be a filter to smooth the curve progression. Temperature and Humidity Profile The profiles demonstrated in Fig. 5.
However, regression shows linear characteristics towards the line-up of booth sensors. Apart from that accuracy amoung the two sensors in temperature reading is well demonstrated, but is to be discussed later in this section. Figure 5.4 shows the humidity profile of both sensors regarding the reference device of the climate chamber. Figure 5.
Sensor Difference for Temperature and Humidity To have quality assurance concerning the redundant sensor principle, an interesting aspect is to find out possible differences in readings of the sensors. Thus, the sensor difference was calculated which deliberates that accuracy among both sensors has reached no mentionable value. Figure 5.5: Sensor Difference for Temperature The graph in Fig. 5.
Figure 5.6 points out the sensor difference of humidity with a maximum at 1.4 % humidity. Readings in bands around 70 % humidity show a minimum in variations of recorded measurements among the sensors and also a minimum in variations relating to the reference. The sensors are slightly drifting apart in bands around 70 % humidity. Offsets are decreasing towards ranges around 70 % humidity. Figure 5.6: Sensor Difference for RH 5.1.
output range from 500 to 1100 hPa were done. The programmable logic control was set up to steps of 50 hPa within a timeframe of 15 minutes. Pressure Measurement as a Function of Time The graph of pressure as a function of time gives an account of the excellent accuracy of the digital barometers from Vaisala. Figure 5.7: Pressure Measurement as a Function of Time There are almost no variances in pressure readings, neither according to the climate chamber reference device DPI 740 nor to the sensors itself.
Pressure Profile Regarding the reference device of the pressure chamber, the profiles of pressure readings show very good linear characteristics in the common measurement range as shown in Fig. 5.8. This, requirements of high accuracy and precision concerning further calculation of mixing ratio can be implemented with this sensors like expected. Figure 5.
Figure 5.9: Sensor Difference for Pressure 5.2 5.2.1 Air Duct Wind Speed - Lambrecht 14577 The cup anemometers were tested in escalated steps of 5 m/s, starting at 5 m/s, up to 20 m/s within a timeframe of 10 minutes. Unfortunately there ocured problems securing the data from the logger for which reason this sections does not cover the evaluations for the measurements. However, the readings were accurate and have shown no remarkable variations according to the reference device and the sensors.
Chapter 6 Mounting of the Weather Station 6.1 Development of a Wiring Panel There are a couple of plug connections and interfaces in order to receive accurate signals at the Datalogger CR1000 and the SPS. Figure 6.1: Schematic of Information Flow and Power Supply Figure 6.1 points out the common connection scheme. The green line represents the information flow of the sensors, splited in a direct and in a indirect way.
However, the signals of precipitation detection are directly processed by the SPS where the remaining data is retrieved by the master PC for further processing. The power supply is also splited which is represented by the red line. 6.2 Mounting Figure 6.2: Weather Station Mast There is a need to have an experimantal setup wich is equivalent to the information flow in the container before finally installing all components.
supply, sensors for inside-monitoring and the data logger have been installed inside the container at appropriate places. Positioning of the pressure sensors is to be more difficult due to the need of high precission. As the sensors are mounted inside, pressure sampling has to be at a windless cavity outside the container. The outside positioning could lead to errors in measuremnts in case of turbulences effecting some pressurization caused by the aerator in the cavity.
The offset of both measurements is a consequence of differences in height of the positioning of the sensors. However, there are some measurements in readings varying from the actual sensor difference. Figure 6.4: Wind Speed Regarding to wind speed as shown in Fig. 6.4 at that time, the measurements are keenly correlating among each other and give an account for the variant readings from the actual sensor difference. Thus, errors in measuremnts in case of an operating aerator can be excepted.
Chapter 7 Evaluation Once the hardware has been configured, basic communication over TCP/IP is possible. These functions include sending programs, collecting data and displaying at the most current record from tables. The following notes do demonstrate this functions using TCP/IP for data transfer and displaying latest records. All test were done via the remote mode connecting from the office to the container. 7.1 7.1.1 Test Run Datalogger Home Page Figure 7.
the status and public data to check the current settings and public variables. An example of an extract of the outdoor data table is demonstrated in Fig. 7.2. Figure 7.2: Extract of Data Table Outdoor This table includes the latest records written to the data table outdoor including the related timestamp and record number. Essentially the displayed data is only used for monitoring and to have a quick look at the remote site wether everything is working well.
The FTP server is a comfortable basis to get tables and to update calibration factors from a remote site. Data acqusition was tested in two ways. On the one hand the FTP funtion was used to connect to the CRD directory as show in Fig. 7.3. Figure 7.3: Copying Data Table Outdoor via FTP On the other hand the transfer was tested with the use of IP-Port connection via Campbell Scientific‘s special software PC400 like demonstrated in Fig. 7.4. Figure 7.
7.1.3 Test Readings Data were prepared for plotting some charts after file transfer has been carried out. For this purpose a selective time period at any day has been choosen. The graphs are representing the parameters which have been determined for providing outdoor data to automatize the BGC-FTIR-System. Figure 7.5: Temperature and RH This includes temperature and humidity as well as solar radiation, wind speed and pressure as shown in Fig. 7.5, 7.6 and 7.7. The pressure readings in Fig. 7.
will not be detected on a quantity basis. There is only a triggered signal in case of precipitation which is processed by the programmable logic controller of the BGCFTIR-Container. Figure 7.7: Pressure Finally the results from inside monitoring of temperature and humidity can be found in Fig. 7.8. The graphs do demonstrate the control loop of the air conditioning.
Chapter 8 Conclusion The intention of this thesis was to establish a completely autonomous system to determine local meteorological data like temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, precipitation and pressure. Inside measurements should provide temperature and humidity readings in order to monitor the operating of the air conditioning.
This way the system should meet the demands and should be up to standard. The selection of the sensors aims at longevity, reliability and accuracy. The results from the test readings came up to the expectations and requirements of the system. Especially the pressure readings have shown excellent accuracy. The data processing via TCP/IP is another fundamental component for real time data processing of the meteorological data.
List of Figures 1 The BGC-FTIR Weather Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Greenhouse Gas Cycle [http://oco.jpl.nasa.gov/images/greenhouse-sm1.gif, 12.09.08] . . . . . 1.2 4 9 Operation and Future Site of ground-based Measurement Stations [http://www.tccon.caltech.edu/images/tccon_080723.png, 12.09.09] . 11 1.3 BGC-FTIR-Container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.1 The BGC-FTIR Weather Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.
2.9 Kipp & Zonen CMP3 [http://www.campbellsci.com/images/cmp3.jpg, 02.09.08] . . . . . . . 21 2.10 Main Components [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikiImage: Pyranometer_sr11_hukseflux_crosssection.gif, 24.09.08] . . . . . . . 22 2.11 Vaisala PTB 210 [Manual - PTB210 Digital Series with Serial Output, 12/05] . . . . . 23 2.12 Leap-Frog Recalibration Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.13 The BAROCAP Pressure Sensor [Manuel - PTB210 Digital Series with Serial Output, 12/05] . . . . . 24 2.
3.8 Ethernet and CompactFlash Module - NL115 [Manual - NL115 Ethernet & CompactFlash Module, 4/08] . . . . . . 34 4.1 Proper Program Structure [Manual - CR1000 Measurement & Control System, 1/08] . . . . . . . 36 5.1 Temperature Measurement as a Function of Time . . . . . . . . . . . 53 5.2 RH Measurement as a Function of Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 5.3 Temperature Profile Sensor 1 and Sensor 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5.4 RH Profile Sensor 1 and Sensor 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Tables 4.1 Details of used Data Types [Manual - CR1000 Measurement & Control System, 1/08] . . . . . . . 38 4.2 Typical Data Table [Manual - CR1000 Measurement & Control System, 1/08] . . . . . . . 41 4.3 Calibration Factors and Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bibliography [1] IPCC, 2007: , Climate change 2007 - The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996 pp. [2] California Institute of Technology, TCCON - Total Carbon Column Observing Network, http://rsnz.
[13] Wikipedia, Pyranometer, 9/08 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyranometer [14] R. Freitag, Presentation - Physics of the Humidity Technology, 4/07 [15] Sensirion, CMOSens Technology - Orbital Ccarbon Observatory, http://www.sensirion.com, 21.09.2008 [16] H. Zöphel, Manual - BGC-FTIR Weather Station, 8/08 [17] F. Hase, T. Blumenstock, C.
Appendix A CRBasic - Program Weather Station ’PROGRAM: ’WEATHER STATION BGC-FTIR CONTAINER ’AUTOR: ’Hendrik Zoephel (MPI-BGC, Jena, Germany) ’DATALOGGER AND PERIPHERALS: ’CR1000/NL115 ’DATALOGGER SETTINGS: ’Logger IP Adress: 10.3.9.60 ’Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 ’IP Gateway: 10.9.3.1 ’INSTRUMENTATION: ’temperature: 2 x T107 (Campbell) ’wind speed: 2 x 14577 (Lambrecht) ’humidity and temp.: 2 x KPC 1/6-ME (Galltec) ’humidity and temp.: 1 x CS215 (Campbell Sci.
’C5,7: 2 x CS215 ’CALCULATION: ’conversion to real units ’square sum ’PROGRAM PARAMETERS: ’Scan rate: 5 sec ’Avg. period: 60 sec. ’Min., Max. period: 60 sec.
’_________________________UNITS____________________________________ Units Temp_Indoor = deg C Units Humid_Indoor = % RH Units Temp_FTIR = deg C Units WindSpd = m/s Units WindSpd_SQ_1 = (m/s)^2 Units WindSpd_SQ_2 = (m/s)^2 Units Humid = % RH Units Humid_SQ_1 = (% RH)^2 Units Humid_SQ_2 = (% RH)^2 Units Temp = deg C Units Temp_SQ_1 = (deg C)^2 Units Temp_SQ_2 = (deg C)^2 Units Pyrano = W/m^2 Units Pyrano_SQ_1 = (W/m^2)^2 Units AirPress = hPa Units AirPress_SQ_1 = (hPa)^2 Units AirPress_SQ_2 = (hPa)^2 ’_______
’_______CS215_______ Average(2,Temp_Indoor(1),IEEE4,False) Average(2,Humid_Indoor(1),IEEE4,False) ’_______NUMBER OF MEASURED DATA_______ Sample(1,N,FP2) EndTable ’_______TABLE WEATHER STATION_______ DataTable(Table_Outdoor,True,-1) ’_______CARDOUT AS RING_______ ’OpenInterval DataInterval(0,60,Sec,10) CardOut(0,-1000) ’_______TEMP_______ Average(2,Temp(1),FP2,0) Minimum(2,Temp(1),FP2,0,0) Maximum(2,Temp(1),FP2,0,0) Totalize(1,Temp_SQ_1,IEEE4,False) Totalize(1,Temp_SQ_2,IEEE4,False) ’_______HUMID_______ Aver
’_______AIRPRESS_______ Average(2,AirPress(1),IEEE4,0) Minimum(2,AirPress(1),IEEE4,0,0) Maximum(2,AirPress(1),IEEE4,0,0) Totalize(1,AirPress_SQ_1,IEEE4,False) Totalize(1,AirPress_SQ_2,IEEE4,False) ’_______PRYRANO_______ Average(1,Pyrano,FP2,0) Minimum(1,Pyrano,FP2,0,0) Maximum(1,Pyrano,FP2,0,0) Totalize(1,Pyrano_SQ_1,IEEE4,False) ’_______NUMBER OF MEASURED DATA_______ Sample(1,N,FP2) EndTable ’________________________PROGRAMM__________________________________ BeginProg ’_______SET COMMUNICATION-PARAMETERS F
’_______RECEIVE VALUES, VOLTAGES ARE CONVERTED IN REAL UNITS________ SDI12Recorder(TRHData(),5,"0","R!",1,0) SDI12Recorder(TRHData_2(),7,"0","R!",1,0) ’_______ALLOCATION OF INDOOR MEASUREMENTS TO STRINGS_______ TempString = TRHData(1) + "," + TRHData_2(1) HumidString = TRHData(2) + "," + TRHData_2(2) SplitStr(Temp_Indoor(1),TempString,",",2,0) SplitStr(Humid_Indoor(1),HumidString,",",2,0) Therm107(Temp_FTIR(1),2,1,Vx1,0,_50Hz,1,0) VoltDiff(WindSpd(1),2,mV2500,3,True,0,_50Hz,wind_multiplier,wind_offset) Wind
Appendix B CRBasic - Input file CONST.CR1 ’_______________________ ’COMMAND FOR PTB210 ’_______________________ Const = CR = CHR(13) ’carriage return Const = LF = CHR(10) ’line feed Const = Command = ".P" + CR + LF ’_______________________ ’MULTIPLIER AND OFFSETS ’_______________________ Const = wind_multiplier = 0.03125 Const = wind_offset = -12.5 Const = humid_multiplier = 0.1 Const = humid_offset = 0 Const = temp_multiplier = 0.1 Const = temp_offset = -30 Const = pyrano_multiplier = 75.
BGC FTIR-CONTAINER INSTRUCTION MANUAL WEATHER STATION Issued: August 2008 Copyright © Hendrik Zöphel Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena, January 9, 2009
Contents 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2 The Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.2.1 Temperature/Humidity Galltec/Mela KPC 1/6-ME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1.2.6 Pressure Vaisala PTB210 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.5 9 Pin D-Sub Box <-> SPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 1.4.6 Sensor <-> Datalogger CR1000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 1.4.7 Power Supply - Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 A.1 CRBasic - Weather Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 A.2 CRBasic - Input file CONST.CR1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 A.3 CRBasic - powerup.ini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BGC-FTIR | Introduction 1.1 7 Introduction Measurements with the MPI-BGC FTIR system are only possible when the sun is visible. However, the solar tracker which guides the sunlight into the instrument has to be protected from precipitation and other adverse environmental conditions. Therefore the FTIR system needs a weather station to determine if the local weather conditions are favourable for measurements or if the solar tracker should be protected. Figure 1.
8 1.2 1.2.1 CONTENTS The Sensors Temperature/Humidity Galltec/Mela KPC 1/6-ME User Information The sensor is placed outdoors and therefore used in a weather gurad (ZA 161/1-type) to avoid direct sunlight as well as other adverse effects. The sensor can be installed in any postiton. However, do not place it in a position where water ingrees can occur.
BGC-FTIR Sensors | KPC 1/6-ME 9 Maintenance The protective filter should only be screwed off carefully to check functioning with a humidity standard. Take care not to touch the highly sensitive sensor element. If necerssary, the soiled sintered filter can be screwed off and rinsed. When you screw them back on, bear in mind that the sensor will not meassure accurately again until everything is completely dry. For ballancing the offset after calibration see section 1.3.3 on page 39.
10 CONTENTS Connection The connection cable is led along the mast and has to be fastened using appropriate cable ties. To sensor must be properly grounded. Make sure that the cable is protected from humidity on both sides. Figure 1.4: Connection Diagram For connecting the sensor simply follow Fig. 1.4. See section 1.4.1 on page 42 for more details.
BGC-FTIR Sensors | Wind Speed 14577 1.2.2 11 Wind Speed Lambrecht 14577 User Information When weather condition are are at high wind speeds, the dome of the solar tracker should close for protecting the sensitive instrument. Thus, wind speed is one of the parameters which are detemined for protecting the solar tracker. To increase the reliability of the system, wind speed is provided by two cup anemometers. Figure 1.
12 CONTENTS Mounting There are bores with a diameter of 30 mm at each end of the mast’s traverse First remove the lower nut and put the sensor with assembled cable sidewise into the bore. Attach the sensor with the flat side of deteached nut from below and tighten with a suitable tool until the sensor is attached firmly. Figure 1.6: Mounting of Lambrecht 14577 Make sure, that the place of installation is not under the lee of great obsacles.
BGC-FTIR Sensors | Wind Speed 14577 13 Connection The connection cable is led along the mast and has to be fastened using appropriate cable ties. To reduce the risk of inductive interference the sensor must be properly grounded. Make sure, that the cable is protected from humidity on both sides and that the cable plug connection is properly fixed. Figure 1.7: Connection Diagram For connecting the sensor simply follow Fig. 1.7. See section 1.4.1 on page 42 for more details.
14 1.2.3 CONTENTS Precipitaion Lambrecht 15153 User Information The precipitation detector transmits signals to determine the beginning and the end of precipitation and the duration of the period of precipitation. Figure 1.8: Lambrecht Precipitation Sensor 15153 In the automatic weather station of the BGC-FTIR-Container this sensor is used to report status and to transmit a control signal to the SPS. This is to protect the solar tracker by closing the dome to avoid wetting of the sensitive instrument.
BGC-FTIR Sensors | Precipitaion 15153 15 Mounting The mounting system of the instrument is designed for attachment to a mast. When mounting, make sure that the precipitation can easily reach the opening of the sensor and that the instrument is not exposed to strong vibrations or shocks. Figure 1.
16 CONTENTS Adjusting of Incidences and Swich-off Delay To select the number of incidences and switch-off delay remove the cover with its 5 screws with a screwdriver. Now the DIP swiches in Fig. 1.10 are accessible. Figure 1.10: Circuit board with DIP switches The adjustment carried out for protecting the solar tracker is set to 3 drop incidences within 50 sec. with a swich-off delay of 25 sec.
BGC-FTIR Sensors | Precipitaion 15153 17 After setting up the sensor screw the case back on and power up the supply voltage. The setting of the relay output shows "no precipitation". NOTE: Make sure that you allways disconnect the supply voltage for set up the sensor! Connection The connection cable is led along the mast and has to be fastened using appropriate cable ties. The sensor must be properly grounded. Make sure, that the cable is protected from humidity on both sides. Figure 1.
18 1.2.4 CONTENTS Precipitaion Lambrecht 15152 User Information In order to provide a detection of all kinds of precipitation the precipitation instrumentation is enlarged by the Lambrecht 15152. At the beginning of a precipitation event rain drops will cause a conductive connection between the two sensing electrodes to trigger the relay contacts. By this means a relay is cut through and the controlling event is done. Figure 1.
BGC-FTIR Sensors | Precipitation 15152 19 Mounting The Sensor can be fixed at the mast on the top of the BGC-FTIR-Container. When selecting the installation place please pay attention that the sensing surface points in direction to the sky. Also check that the installation site is free of obstacles to the close surrounding. Maintaine a distance of 10 times the hight of the obstacles to assure that the installation corresponds to the definition of an undisturbed terrain.
20 CONTENTS 1.2.5 Solar Radiation Kipp & Zonen CMP3 User Information Measurements with the BGC-FTIR-System are only possible when the sun is visible. Therefor the Pyranometer CMP 3 comes into operation. The thermopile sensor construction measures the solar energy that is received from the total solar spectrum and the whole hemisphere (180 degrees field of view). The output is expressed in W/m2 according to equation (1.1). Esolar = • Esolar = Irradiance Uemf S (1.
BGC-FTIR Sensors | CMP 3 21 Mounting The sensor is designed for attachement to a mast. A mounting sleeve is installed at the top of the mast on th BGC-FTIR-Container where you can fix the pyranometer with 2 screws and a screwdriver according to Fig. 1.15. Figure 1.15: Mounting of Kipp & Zonen CMP3 First remove the white sun shield by clipping it off to access the bores and the spirit level at the base of the pyranometer.
22 CONTENTS Connection The connection cable is led along the mast and has to be fastened using appropriate cable ties. The sensor must be properly grounded. Make sure that the cable plug connection is properly fixed. Pyranometer - Connection Wire Function Connect with Red + + (Hi) Blue - (Lo) Shield Housing Ground Table 1.2: Connection diagram For connecting the sensor simply follow Table 1.2. See section 1.4.6 on page 45 for more details.
BGC-FTIR Sensors | PTB 210 1.2.6 23 Pressure Vaisala PTB210 User Information The pressure measurement requires high accuracy and precision to calculate volume mixing ratio of the measured trace gases. So the automatic weather station is equipped with two digital Vaisala PTB 210 which feature digital output in a range of 500 to 1100hPa. A third sensor of the same type is used for the leap-frog recalibration scheme (for details see figure 1.17).
24 CONTENTS Two barometers are always used for operational measurements. Upon every maintenance visit, one of the barometers should be replaced with the recalibrated spare barometer. See this section on page 24 for details. Mounting Figure 1.18: Mounting of Vaisala PTB 210 NOTE: Always place the barometer in a way that the pressure fitting is downwards and check that the cable is not taken upwards from the barometer.
BGC-FTIR Sensors | PTB 210 25 Operation The PTB210 can be operated through a serial line with any terminal emulator program and the commands given in the following pages. Note to use the right parameters for communication with the RS232-Port on your PC or laptop. (baud rate 9600, parity even, data bits 7, stop bits 1) General and Communication The general command format is: .ZZZ.
26 CONTENTS Setting of Measurement Parameters Before using the barometer you have to set up the parameters. The following commands will give you an overview in terms of possible measurement settings. To check the actual settings use ?. To set the number of measurements performed in one minute use the command: .MPM.xxxx • xxxx = number of measurements per minute (6...4200) To set the number of measurement points that are used for calculating an average pressure reading use the command: .AVRG.
BGC-FTIR Sensors | PTB 210 27 Operating Commands To output one single pressure reading with two decimals (as used in the programming of the weather station) use the command: .P For continous output of the pressure readings use the command: .BP The output depends on the measurement rate and the averaging setting (see this section on page 26). Output is stopped by pressing the enter-key (). To select a pressure unit use the command: .UNIT.
28 CONTENTS Power Down and Saving of Calibration Date If you want to set the instrument to power down state use the command: .PD The barometer does not measure the pressure in this state. It is re-activated by pressing the enter-key or by sending a over the serial line. After this, the barometer settles in about half a second. Afterwards any command can be given to the barometer. To store the last calibration date use the command: .CALD.xxx • xxx = calibration date (max.
BGC-FTIR Sensors | PTB 210 29 Connection For connecting the sensor simply follow Table 1.3. See section 1.4.6 on page 45 for more details. PTB 210 - Connection Wire Signal Greey RX Green TX Blue Ground Pink Power (12V) Brown - Not Connected White - Not Connected Yellow External power control Table 1.
30 1.2.7 CONTENTS Temperature Probe Campbell Scientific T107 User Information A low pressure gas cell filled with HCL is used to provide narrow absorption lines at a number of different frequencies across the bandwidth of the FTIR instrument. The gas cell acts as an internal calibration reference and is placed directly into the solar beam.
BGC-FTIR Sensors | T107 31 Mounting The sensor is placed next to the gas cell in the FTIR instrument. Connection The connection is carried out to the table in section 1.4.6 on page 45. Pay attention that the cable is properly fixed. T107 - Connection Wire Signal Red Signal Black Excitation White Signal Ground Clear Shield Table 1.
32 1.2.8 CONTENTS Temperature/Humidity Campbell Scientific CS215 User Information To monitor the conditions inside the BGC-FTIR-Container a digital Temperature/Humidity Sensor CS215 comes into operation. It features a digital SDI12 output allowing simple connection to the Control-Port of the Datalogger CR1000. Figure 1.21: Campbell Scientific CS215 Maintenance Because the sensor is used inside only minimal maintenance is required.
BGC-FTIR Sensors | CS215 33 Connection The connection is carried out according to the table in section 1.4.6 on page 45. Make sure that the cable is properly fixed. CS215 - Connection Wire Signal Red 12 V Power Suply White Ground Black Ground Green Signal Clear Shield Table 1.
34 1.3 CONTENTS Data Acquisition - Datalogger CR1000 The CR1000 must be grounded to minimize the risk of damage by voltage transients associated with power surges and lightning induced transients. Earth grounding is required to form a complete circuit for voltage clamping devices internal to the CR1000. 1.3.1 Connecting Panel The following notes give an outline of the ports which are used for operating the instrumentation of the automatic weather station. Figure 1.
BGC-FTIR | Data Acquisition 35 Analog and Switched Voltage The Temperature/Humidity Sensor KPC 1/6 ME and the Pyranometer CMP3 transmit analog voltage which is measured at the DIFF-Ports of the Datalogger CR1000. Figure 1.23: Connecting to SE- and DIFF-Ports Lambrechts Wind Speed 14557 transmits analog current. Anyway, this signal is also measured at the DIFF-Port of the Datalogger CR1000 but has to be transformed into analog voltage by using a high-precision shunt resistor of 100 Ohm.
36 CONTENTS SDI-12 Campbell Scientifics Temperature/Humidity Sensor CS215 features a digital SDI-12 output. It allows simple connection to the Control-Port of the Datalogger CR1000 according to figure 1.25. Only the TX-Ports can be used to receiving a SDI-12 output. For details connecting the CS215 see section 1.4.6 on page 45. Figure 1.25: Connecting to Control-Ports CS I/O This port of the Datalogger CR1000 is used to connect the keyboard display CR1000KD. For details see section 1.3.2. Figure 1.
BGC-FTIR | Peripheral Devices 1.3.2 37 Peripheral Devices Keybord Display - CR1000KD The CR1000 has an optional keyboard display, the CR1000KD. The table below shows a few keys with its special functions. Figure 1.
38 CONTENTS Ethernet and CompactFlash Module - NL115 Campbell Scientific’s NL115 Ethernet/CompactFlash Module provides two useful capabilities. It enables 10baseT Ethernet communications and stores data on a removable CF-Card. So it is possible to communicate over the local network of the BGC-FTIR-Container, respectively via TCP/IP. To remove a card, press the control button on the NL115. The datalogger will transfer any buffered data to the card and then power it off.
BGC-FTIR | Programming 1.3.3 39 Programming To modify any parameter via FTP the basic need is to access the file system of the datalogger. You can do so by opening a standard browser and using the following FTP-Adress: ftp://UserName:Password@IP • User Name = BGCJena • Password = ftp • IP Adress = 10.3.9.60 Now you can access the files on the CPU and the CF-Card by selecting the appropriate folder. You can also access with the CR1000KD.
40 CONTENTS You can also modify via FTP using a standard browser. Assure, that there is a connection from the Compact/Flash Module Nl115 to your PC or laptop. 1. Open a browser and access the file system via: "ftp://BGCJena:ftp@10.3.9.60" 2. Select "Crd" directory and choose the file "Const.CR1". 3. Search for the parameter which should be modified and save file. NOTE: Don’t forget to power up the Dalalogger CR1000 to activate the new seetings.
BGC-FTIR | Programming 41 The powerup.ini is always copied to the CF-Card with the associated files for proceeding the action. See section A.3 on page 52 for the default file. At power-up this file will copy the program on the CF-Card to the CPU of the datalogger for running immediately. Data on the CF-Card will be preserved. The new data will be simply added to the old tables if there are no changes in saving of data. Otherwise the data will be stored in new tables.
42 CONTENTS 1.4 Wiring Panel There are a couple of plug connections to receive accurate signals at the Datalogger and the SPS. The following tables give proper instructions about connecting the sensors and its information flow for data acquisition. 1.4.1 Sensor <-> Box Sensor Wind Speed 14557 Temp./Humid.
BGC-FTIR | Wiring Panel 1.4.2 25 Pin D-Sub (Logger) <-> 40 Pin Connector (Box) 25 Pin D-Sub Pin 01 Pin 02 Pin 03 Pin 04 Pin 05 Pin 06 Pin 07 Pin 08 Pin 09 Pin 10 Pin 11 Pin 12 Pin 13 Pin 14 Pin 15 Pin 16 Pin 17 Pin 18 Pin 19 Pin 20 Pin 21 Pin 22 Pin 23 Pin 24 Pin 25 1.4.
44 1.4.4 CONTENTS 25 Pin D-Sub <-> Datalogger CR1000 25 Pin D-Sub Pin 01 - Brown Pin 02 - Yellow Pin 03 - Brown Pin 04 - Green Pin 05 - Brown Pin 06 - Blue Pin 07 - Brown Pin 08 - Purple Pin 09 - Brown Pin 10 - Grey Pin 11 - Brown Pin 12 - White Pin 13 - Black Pin 14 - Purple Pin 15 - Black Pin 16 - Grey Pin 17 - Black Pin 18 - White Pin 19 - Black Pin 20 - Orange Pin 21 - Black Pin 22 - Red Pin 23 - Black Pin 24 - Brown Pin 25 - Orange 1.4.
BGC-FTIR | Wiring Panel 1.4.6 Sensor <-> Datalogger CR1000 Sensor Temp. Probe 107 Pyrano. CMP3 Press. PTB210 Temp./Humid. CS215 1.4.7 45 Wire Sensor 1 - Red (Temp. Signal) Sensor 1 - Black (Excitation) Sensor 1 - White (Signal Ground) Sensor 1 - Clear (Shield) Sensor 2 - Red (Temp.
46 A.1 CONTENTS CRBasic - Weather Station ’PROGRAM: ’WEATHER STATION BGC-FTIR CONTAINER ’AUTOR: ’Hendrik Zoephel (MPI-BGC, Jena, Germany) ’DATALOGGER AND PERIPHERALS: ’CR1000/NL115 ’DATALOGGER SETTINGS: ’Logger IP Adress: 10.3.9.60 ’Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 ’IP Gateway: 10.9.3.1 ’INSTRUMENTATION: ’temperature: 2 x T107 (Campbell) ’wind speed: 2 x 14577 (Lambrecht) ’humidity and temp.: 2 x KPC 1/6-ME (Galltec) ’humidity and temp.: 1 x CS215 (Campbell Sci.
BGC-FTIR | Appendix 47 ’_______________________ ’DECLARATIONS ’_______________________ Public TRHData(2) Public TRHData_2(2) Public Temp_Indoor(2) As String Public Humid_Indoor(2) As String Public TempString As String * 30 Public HumidString As String * 30 Public Temp_FTIR(2) Public WindSpd_Check(2) Public WindSpd(2) Public WindSpd_SQ_1 Public WindSpd_SQ_2 Public N Public Count Public Humid(2) Public Humid_SQ_1 Public Humid_SQ_2 Public Temp(2) Public Temp_SQ_1 Public Temp_SQ_2 Public Pyrano(1) Public Pyra
48 CONTENTS Units Temp_SQ_2 = (deg C)^2 Units Pyrano = W/m^2 Units Pyrano_SQ_1 = (W/m^2)^2 Units AirPress = hPa Units AirPress_SQ_1 = (hPa)^2 Units AirPress_SQ_2 = (hPa)^2 ’_______________________CONST______________________________________ Include "CRD:Const.
BGC-FTIR | Appendix 49 ’_______TEMP_______ Average(2,Temp(1),FP2,0) Minimum(2,Temp(1),FP2,0,0) Maximum(2,Temp(1),FP2,0,0) Totalize(1,Temp_SQ_1,IEEE4,False) Totalize(1,Temp_SQ_2,IEEE4,False) ’_______HUMID_______ Average(2,Humid(1),FP2,0) Minimum(2,Humid(1),FP2,0,0) Maximum(2,Humid(1),FP2,0,0) Totalize(1,Humid_SQ_1,IEEE4,False) Totalize(1,Humid_SQ_2,IEEE4,False) ’_______WINDSPD_______ Average(2,WindSpd(1),FP2,0) Minimum(2,WindSpd(1),FP2,0,0) Maximum(2,WindSpd(1),FP2,0,0) Totalize(1,WindSpd_SQ_1,IEEE4,False)
50 CONTENTS ’_______SET COMMUNICATION-PARAMETERS FOR PTB210_______ SerialOpen(Com1,9600,10,0,0) SerialOpen(Com2,9600,10,0,0) Scan(5,Sec,0,0) ’_______SEND STRING ".
BGC-FTIR | Appendix ’_______COUNTER OF MEASURED DATA PER INTERVAL_______ Count = Count + 1 N = Count If TimeIntoInterval(0,60,sec) Then Count = 0 EndIf ’_______PUT OVER DATA TO TABLE_______ CallTable(Table_Outdoor) CallTable(Table_Indoor) NextScan EndProg 51
52 CONTENTS A.2 CRBasic - Input file CONST.CR1 ’_______________________ ’COMMAND FOR PTB210 ’_______________________ Const = CR = CHR(13) ’carriage return Const = LF = CHR(10) ’line feed Const = Command = ".P" + CR + LF ’_______________________ ’MULTIPLIER AND OFFSETS ’_______________________ Const Const Const Const Const Const Const Const A.3 = = = = = = = = wind_multiplier = 0.03125 wind_offset = -12.5 humid_multiplier = 0.1 humid_offset = 0 temp_multiplier = 0.
