Vaisala HydroMet™ System MAWS301 USER'S GUIDE M210662EN-A November 2004
PUBLISHED BY Vaisala Oyj Phone (int.): +358 9 8949 1 P.O. Box 26 Fax: +358 9 8949 2227 FIN-00421 Helsinki Finland Visit our Internet pages at http://www.vaisala.com/ © Vaisala 2004 No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical (including photocopying), nor may its contents be communicated to a third party without prior written permission of the copyright holder. The contents are subject to change without prior notice.
________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Contents of This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 General Safety Considerations . . . . .
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ PSTN Modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 GSM Terminal Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 UHF Radio Modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Repeater Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 UHF Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ Using winddircal0 Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Using Compass and Reference Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Setting Up Solar Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Quick Start Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Establishing Terminal Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Using MAWS Terminal Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Available Spare Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 Ordering Spare Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 Solar Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 Periodic Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ Soil Moisture Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Periodic Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Leaf Wetness Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Periodic Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Periodic Maintenance . . . . . . . . .
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Present Weather Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196 Present Weather Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197 Ceilometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198 Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198 Return Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 1 ________________________________________________________ General Information CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION This chapter provides general notes for the product and this manual. About This Manual This manual provides information for Vaisala HydroMet™ System MAWS301 equipped with meteorological and/or hydrological sensors. Contents of This Manual This manual consists of the following chapters: - Chapter 1, General Information: This chapter provides general notes for the product and this manual.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ - Appendix A, Glossary: This appendix contains glossary with explanations of some general meteorological and technical terms and terms used in specifications. Safety General Safety Considerations Throughout the manual, important safety considerations are highlighted as follows: WARNING Warning alerts you to a serious hazard.
Chapter 1 ________________________________________________________ General Information WARNING Do not service alone. Under no circumstances should any person reach into parts and assemblies that are mains powered and alive, for the purpose of servicing, except in the presence of someone who is capable of rendering aid. WARNING Personnel working with or near high voltages should be familiar with modern methods of resuscitation. WARNING Do not service a live system outdoors.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ ESD Protection Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) can cause immediate or latent damage to electronic circuits. Vaisala products are adequately protected against ESD for their intended use. However, it is possible to damage the product by delivering electrostatic discharges when touching, removing, or inserting any objects inside the equipment housing.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview CHAPTER 2 PRODUCT OVERVIEW This chapter introduces the features, accessories, sensors, and the product nomenclature. Vaisala HydroMet™ Systems include compact stations that can be used either with a portable tripod (MAWS201) or with pole masts of different heights in fixed installations (MAWS101 and MAWS301).
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ hydrological networks. The MAWS301 options are listed in Table 5 on page 15, Table 4 on page 15, and Table 3 on page 14. The system setup is done using MAWS Lizard Setup Software. In addition, there are some generic sensor inputs in the Lizard software, allowing for limited flexibility to add new sensors to the system.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Figure 2 0410-003 Integrated System Product Nomenclature The following tables provide the equipment nomenclature.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 2 Installation Accessories Code Common Name DKP102 DKP12SUP1 DKP12SUP2 DKP060SUP1 DKP075SUP1 DKP202W DKP203W DKP204W DKP206W DKP210W PLMLOCKSET RG35003 2-meter (6.6 ft.) pole mast Sensor support arm (half length) Sensor support arm (full length) Sensor support arm (half length) Sensor support arm (half length) 2-meter (6.6 ft.) pole mast 3-meter (10 ft.) pole mast 4-meter (13 ft.) pole mast 6-meter (20 ft.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Table 4 Communication Options Code Common Name DMX501 DSI485A DSI486 DSU232 DXM421 MC35 TC35i INMARSAT-C SATEL3ASET-M3 QRC101 QST102 Modem module (fixed line) RS-485 module (isolated) RS-485/RS-232/SDI-12 module (dual-isolated) RS-232 module (dual) PSTN modem GSM data modem with GPRS functionality GSM data modem Inmarsat satellite transmitter set Radio modem SATELLINE 3AS with accessories ORBCOMM Satellite transceive
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 5 Sensor Options (Continued) Code Common Name QMN101 QMR102 QMS101 QMS102 QMT103 Net solar radiation sensor Rain gauge (stand-alone) Global solar radiation sensor (photoed) Global solar radiation sensor (thermopile) Soil/water temperature sensor with 5 m (16 ft.) cable Soil Temperature Probe Soil/water temperature sensor with 10 m (33 ft.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview AWS Logger Figure 3 0312-024 AWS Logger QML201 QML201 is a complete AWS logger designed on one printed board only. This board contains a 32-bit Motorola CPU for data processing and 10 differential (20 single ended) analog sensor inputs (these can also be used as digital inputs). Moreover, there are two frequency sensor interfaces, a 16 bit A/D converter, 1.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 4 0401-246 AWS Logger QML201 without Cover The following numbers refer to Figure 4 on page 18: 1 = Place for the internal battery 2 = Reset button (under the bracket) 3 = Lithium battery for RTC 4 = Communication module places MOD1 and MOD2 5 = Status LED 6 = SPI connector 7 = Pressure sensor connector 8 = CF Card connector When long signal cables are needed, these will be equipped with opti
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview The logger is equipped with CF card slot for logging a large amount of data. The data is logged into the daily files making it easy to locate any particular data set for further analysis. Currently there are cards available from 32 MB up to hundreds of MB. These cards can be read directly in the PC.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ A Wall Adapter A usual wall adapter (110/230 VAC, output min. 12 V/500 mA) can be used when the distance to the MAWS system is less than 100 m (328 ft.), provided that the wall adapter can be installed indoors. NOTE When the power cable resistance exceeds 10 Ω, a capacitor (from 100 to 200 µF, 40 V) should be added between GND and +ExtDC pins. Make sure that the polarity is correct.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview you want to save the downloaded files and what operations the program performs automatically at each download. MAWS Lizard Setup Software MAWS Lizard Setup Software is used to modify the software parameters and operation of the MAWS systems. With the MAWS Lizard software you can create or modify a setup file that informs MAWS how to operate. Creating a setup with MAWS Lizard Setup Software consists of three stages.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ In addition, the enclosure has a pressure compensation element installed at the bottom plate. This element compensates for varying degrees of pressure caused by the temperature differences. This membrane element together with high quality plastic material significantly reduces water condensation inside the enclosure. For future needs, the enclosure has space reserved for optional devices.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview All sensors, power supply and communication devices are connected via environmentally sealed connectors to the equipment inside the enclosure. Each connector is identified individually with a label. The atmospheric pressure sensor is located on the CPU board of the AWS Logger. On the enclosure there is a static pressure head for venting out the pressure sensor, thus minimizing the wind effect on the pressure measurement.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE The QMU101 module measures only analog measurements. NOTE The QMU101 module can only be connected to the QML201 logger. The type of the logger can be checked with the VER command. In MAWS Lizard Setup Software the QMU101 module is supported from MAWS software version 4.02 onwards.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview NOTE The QMI108 module can only be connected to the QML201 logger. The type of the logger can be checked with the VER command. In MAWS Lizard Setup Software the QMI108 module is supported from software version 4.00 onwards. GPS Time Synchronizing Unit Figure 9 0105-113 GPS Time Synchronizing Unit QMG101 GPS Time Synchronizing Unit QMG101 is a GPS receiver with an embedded antenna for accurate time synchronization.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 10 0401-231 Mast DKP210W DKP204W, DKP203W, and DKP202W are Short Pole Masts. They are designed for different kinds of weather station applications, such as, synoptical and climatological networks. The masts are made of anodized aluminum resisting well even the most harsh weather condition. The height of DKP204W is 4 m, DKP203W is 3 m, and DKP202W is 2 m.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Figure 11 0401-232 Short Pole Masts Sensor Support Figure 12 0105-010 DSU12 and DRD11A Sensors Installed on Sensor Support Certain sensors can be installed on a sensor support at the height of 1.5 to 2.0 meters (5 to 6.5 ft.) from the ground.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ delivered with different kinds of brackets for installing to pole masts of different size. AC (Mains) Power Supply AC (Mains) Power Supply Unit MGP150 is a switching power supply, which operates from the universal AC (mains) input from 85 to 264 VAC and 50/60 Hz. The output voltage is 15 VDC, which is used for powering the AWS system, and as an input to the Battery Regulator for charging the back-up battery.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Transient Protection Devices Each sensor input in the logger has a varistor (VDR) protection against induced transients. The maintenance terminal I/O port has transzorb diodes in their inputs. In case of long signal cables, additional transient protectors can be installed on the DIN-rail. These surge arrestors consist of a combination of VDR, transzorb diodes, and coils, thus providing excellent protection.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Power Supply Figure 16 0212-184 Mains Power Supply WHP25 The following numbers refer to Figure 16 on page 30: 1 = Gland for AC (mains) input cable 2 = Gland for optional power output cable 3 = Gland for power output cable WHP25 is a compact AC (Mains) Power Supply Unit intended for outdoor use. The unit is capable of delivering power, for example, to the WA25 Wind Set.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview The WHP25 unit has a waterproof housing made from cast aluminum. The mounting hardware is included in the delivery. It is mountable to a Ø 100 mm standard pole mast. Solar Panels SOLAR12-75 Figure 17 0407-018 Solar Panel SOLAR12-75 The SOLAR12-75 solar panel is a custom-designed module incorporating high power efficiency, quality and ruggedness. The 12 W panel contains 36 polycrystalline silicon cells.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ SOLAR24 Figure 18 0407-019 Solar Panel SOLAR24 SOLAR24 solar panels are custom-designed modules incorporating high power efficiency and quality. The 25 W panel contains 36 polycrystalline silicon cells. The SOLAR24 modules have lightweight, high power and robust construction. The solar panel set includes a 6meter cable and mounting accessories for a pole mast with a diameter between 75 and 100 mm.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Figure 19 0105-006 Solar Panel Layers RS-232 Module The RS-232 Communication Module DSU232 is an unisolated RS-232 module that will provide either a double serial channel without handshaking or a single RS-232 with handshaking. It has an ability to feed 12 V (45 mA) for the serial sensors. The power consumption is less than 15 mA when communicating, less than 5 mA at standby.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ RS-485 Modules Introduction to DSI485A Figure 21 0403-107 Isolated Communication Module DSI485A DSI485A is an isolated communication module for providing the 2-wire or 4-wire RS-485-communication link between two devices with a similar interface. The DSI485A module is used, for example, for connecting displays and terminals to the data logger when the distance is longer than 15 meters.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview DSI486 is a dual-isolated communication module, which can be used in the RS-232, RS-485, or SDI-12 mode. The communication mode is selected by the correct wiring of the I/O pins and with the correct jumper settings on the board. The DSI486 module is used, for example, for connecting displays, terminals, and the data logger together when the distance is longer than 15 meters.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 23 0306-013 Modem Module DMX501 The DMX501 modem module supports the following communication standards: - V.21, 300 bps FSK - V.23, 1200 / 75 bps FSK - V.22, 1200 bps DPSK PSTN Modem Figure 24 0407-008 PSTN Modem DXM421 The DXM421 modem is an industrial hardened modem for Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTN). It has been designed for demanding environments.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview equipment enclosure. The modem is DC-powered and has low power consumption. DXM421 includes both data compression and data correction functions. The maximum data rate is up to 57.6 Kbits/second. The line input is protected by telecom PTC-fuse, sidactors and heavy duty 350 V discharge tube. GSM Terminal Module GSM Terminal TC35i has been especially designed for demanding professional use.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 26 0410-010 GSM Terminal MC35 iConnector iC101 is a small adapter that enables installed devices to use the Internet for messaging via wireless modems and data-enabled phones that operate over AMPS, CDMA, CDPD, GPRS, GSM, iDEN, and TDMA wireless networks.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Figure 27 0410-009 GSM Antenna UHF Radio Modem Figure 28 0201-011 Radio Modem SATELLINE 3AS The SATELLINE 3AS radio modem is a half-duplex radio modem suitable for high-speed data applications. This radio modem offers high speed data transmission up to 40 km Line-Of-Sight (LOS). As a UHF radio modem, it provides the data speeds 19200 bps at 25 kHz and 9600 bps at 12.5 kHz in the air.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The Epic model with its 10 W transmitter power, dual receivers with the Diversity Reception operation can have distance up to 60 km LOS. The output power is configurable from 0.1 W up to 10 W. Figure 29 0407-011 Radio Modem Satelline 3AS Epic with Optional Display Repeater Function Message Routing is a built-in feature in the SATELLINE-3AS modems, which makes it easier to build up a large radio modem network.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview UHF Antenna The CompleTech antenna product range offers optimized antenna solution for every application and installation requirements. The product range includes omnidirectional antennas, dipoles, directional and crosspolarized yagi antennas, and directional and multidirectional stacked arrays to serve demanding telemetry needs.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 31 0407-013 Omnidirectional Antenna ORBCOMM Satellite Transceiver Set Vaisala has integrated the satellite communication media called ORBCOMM with the HydroMet systems, for example, MAWS. The Vaisala HydroMet™ Systems support operation with the Panasonic KX-67101 transceiver. The ORBCOMM system uses Low-EarthOrbiting (LEO) satellite, enabling the use of low power and small antenna in the transmitter terminals.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Figure 32 0105-036 MAWS301 with ORBCOMM ORBCOMM Data Communication Set QRC101 includes the necessary cables inside the enclosure, coaxial surge arrester for RF-signal, and all mounting hardware. The antenna can be a standard whip antenna shown in Figure 33 on page 43.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ GOES Satellite Transmitters Figure 34 0202-004 GOES Satellite Transmitter The Satellite Radio Transmitter makes telemetry possible through the GOES, Meteosat, Argos, and SCD satellites.The transmitter has to be mounted inside the enclosure.The satellite transmitter is provided with the necessary cables, antenna, coaxial surge arrester for RF-signal, and all mounting hardware.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview GOES Crossed Yagi Antenna GOES Crossed Yagi Antenna is a lightweight, all-weather antenna designed to operate in the 401 to 402 MHz frequency range. This antenna radiates right-hand circular polarized energy in a pencil beam pattern with a beam width of approximately 45 degrees measured at the half-power points.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Ultrasonic Wind Sensor Figure 36 0404-098 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WS425 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WS425 uses ultrasound to determine wind speed and wind direction. The measurement is based on transit time, the time it takes for the ultrasound to travel from one transducer to another, depending on the wind speed. The transit time is measured in both directions for a pair of transducer heads.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview freezing rain or snow build- up. The standard model operates with a low current from 10 to 15 VDC supply. For the heated model, an additional 36 V supply is used for heating. From output protocols SDI-12 provides the most extensive set of commands and calculations. The standard RS-232/RS-485/RS-422 protocol supports NMEA and three other message formats.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Combined Wind Sensor Figure 38 0401-255 Combined Wind Sensor The following numbers refer to Figure 38 on page 48: 1 = Cup wheel assembly 2 = Vane assembly 3 = Sensor compartment Combined Wind Sensor is the compact sized instrument with the wind speed and direction sensors integrated into one unit. A single compact sensor is ideal for low-power applications.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview WMS302 has a two-wiper type potentiometer to overcome the wind direction discontinuity. However, a more complex voltage-to-direction conversion process is needed.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The heating element in the shaft tunnel keeps the temperature of the bearings above the freezing level in cold climates. Nominally it provides 10 W of heating power. It is recommended to use a thermostat switch in the sensor cross arm for switching the heating power on below +4 °C.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Wind Vanes Introduction to Wind Vane WAV151 is a counter-balanced, low-threshold optoelectronic wind vane. Infrared LEDs and phototransistors are mounted on six orbits on each side of a 6-bit GRAY-coded disc. Rotated by the vane, the disc creates changes in the code received by the phototransistors. The code is changed in steps of 5.6°, one bit at a time to eliminate any ambiguities in the coding.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Introduction to Heated Wind Vane Heated Wind Vane WAV252 is a non-freezing sensor of novel design. Its lightweight vane offers excellent sensitivity and fast response. The foil heaters integrated in the vane and tail assembly protect the gauge’s rotating parts against freezing in all wintry weathers, even in extreme climates.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor Figure 43 0401-188 Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor The Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor is based on Vaisala’s field-proven HMP45D probe and comes with a special cable and connector.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The fine adjustment and calibration of the sensor at the factory are handled according to the electronic working standards, which are based on international standards. Rain Gauges Figure 45 0105-016 Rain Gauge QMR102 An aerodynamically shaped rain gauge, Precipitation Sensor QMR102 is designed to minimize the wind-originated airflow reducing the catch.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Figure 46 0105-017 Rain Gauge RG13 Rain Gauge RG13 has a body and funnel of aluminum alloy, with an accurately machined septum-ring at the top to give an orifice of 400 cm2. Bucket mechanism is mounted inside the body on a cast aluminum-alloy base incorporating fixing lugs, three leveling screws, and a spirit level. The rain gauge comprises a divided bucket assembly, which is pivoted at its center like a seesaw.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 47 0401-002 Heated Rain Gauge RG13H The RG13H heated tipping bucket type rain gauge provides a wellproven and reliable method of monitoring rainfall also at temperatures below 0 °C. RG13H is equipped with the internal heater. The heater switches on at temperatures below +4 °C. The heater power consumption is 38 W/40 VDC.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Rain Detector Figure 48 0105-062 Rain Detector DRD11A Rain and snow are detected quickly and accurately with Rain Detector DRD11A. It operates via droplet detection.A special delay circuitry allows about two-minute interval between raindrops before assuming an OFF (no rain) position. This enables the sensor to accurately distinguish between rain cessation and light rain. DRD11A is positioned at a 30° angle.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Ultrasonic Snow Level Sensor Figure 49 0105-019 Ultrasonic Snow Level Sensor DCU7210 For measurement of snow levels, the DCU7210 Ultrasonic Snow Level Sensor features an electrostatic transducer in a protective case. The sensor is PVC encased and weather resistant. Traditionally, snow level measurement is achieved through physical measurements which are labor intensive and provide limited data.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview The QMS101 pyranometer is used for measuring global solar radiation. QMS101 uses a photodiode detector for creating a voltage output proportional to the incoming radiation. Due to the unique design of the diffuser, its sensitivity is proportional to the cosine of the angle of incidence of the radiation, thus allowing accurate and consistent measurements.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ symmetrical and housed under K5 glass domes. A white screen prevents the body of the pyranometer from heating up. Figure 53 0401-178 Albedometer CM7B The CM7B albedometer is suitable for measuring net global radiation and/or albedo over many differing types of surface. The sensor has conical lower screen, to prevent illumination of the lower glass dome at sunrise and sunset.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Figure 54 0105-023 Pyranometer CM11 CM11 Pyranometer is an ISO 9060 secondary standard pyranometer. CM11 incorporates a 100-thermocouple sensor, which is rotationally symmetrical and housed under K5 glass domes. A white screen prevents the body of the pyranometer from heating up.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ application is the measurement of Net (total) Radiation at the earth's surface. The CNR1 sensor consists of two pyranometers, model type CM3, for measuring solar radiation, and of two pyrgeometers, model type CG3, for measuring Far Infrared radiation.The properties of CNR1 are mainly determined by the properties of the individual sensors, both the CM3's and CG3's.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview The CNR1 sensor is delivered with an additional junction box to enable the wiring to the Vaisala data loggers. The junction box includes factory made cables. Figure 56 0401-181 Junction Box for the CNR1 Sensor Net Solar Radiation Sensor Figure 57 0105-024 Net Solar Radiation Sensor QMN101 Net Solar Radiation Sensor QMN101 is designed for routine measurements of net radiation.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Soil/Water Temperature Sensor Figure 58 9901-012 Soil/Water Temperature Sensor Soil/Water Temperature Sensor is particularly intended for precision measurement of ground and soil temperatures. All the materials have been carefully selected to withstand various environmental stress and wide temperature range.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Soil Temperature Sensor Figure 59 0106-041 Soil Temperature Sensor QMT107 Soil Temperature Sensor QMT107 is designed for the measurement of soil temperature and temperature profiles as a function of depth. Temperature measurement is based on resistive platinum sensors (Pt100). There are seven temperature probes located inside the sensor.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Soil Moisture Sensor Figure 60 0105-026 Soil Moisture Sensor ML2x Soil Moisture Sensor ML2x features a new technique with the accuracy of ±2 % soil moisture. The ML2x sensors offer high accuracy and extended lifetime in permanent or temporary measurements of soil moisture. Traditional low cost sensors made of gypsum block dissolve even in a short period of time when exposed to high moisture.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Soil Moisture Sensor Figure 61 0406-050 Soil Moisture Sensor ECH2O-M3 The ECH2O-M3 probe is a low-cost sensor for measuring volumetric water content of soil and other porous materials. It uses capacitance to measure the dielectric permittivity of the surrounding medium.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Leaf Wetness Sensor Figure 62 0401-176 Leaf Wetness Sensor QLW101 Leaf Wetness Sensor QLW101 enables data logger to detect the presence of surface moisture on foliage and calculate the duration of wetness. When moisture is present, the sensor detects an electrical resistance change between the gold-plated elements of the grid.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview sensor measures the moisture content of the dowel by its electrical capacitance. A thermistor, located in the dowel where it fastens to the base, measures the temperature of the dowel giving the estimated temperature on the forest floor.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ provided for configuring and monitoring the multiple functions of PWD10/20. The standard data messages contain a status character for indicating faults detected by the internal diagnostics. If the error status is set, the operator can display a special status message, which contains the detailed results of the diagnostics and a written description of the fault.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview accurate evaluation of the weather type according to the WMO and NWS code tables. PWD12 is an intelligent, multi-variable sensor for automatic weather observing systems. The sensor combines the functions of a forward scatter visibility meter and a present weather sensor. PWD12 can measure the intensity and amount of both liquid and solid precipitation.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The standard measurement range of CT25K extends up to 25 000 feet (7.5 km) covering most heights where dense cloud appears. The instrument is capable of reporting up to three cloud layers simultaneously. It detects the cloud base reliably in fog, rain, snow, and haze. If the cloud base is obscured, CT25K measures and reports the vertical visibility.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview FD12 consists of a transmitter, a receiver, and a controller. The simplified mechanical design means minimum disturbance to the sample volume of air. The compact construction and factory set mountings ensure easy installation and eliminate problems with startup adjustments.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 74 ___________________________________________________________________M210662EN-A
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation CHAPTER 3 OPERATION This chapter provides the instructions for taking MAWS into use when all the equipment has been assembled and installed, as well as operating instructions for the MAWS Terminal software. Operation Principle MAWS works based on a so-called setup. Setup is a set of parameters that tells MAWS what to measure, log, calculate, and report.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Taking MAWS into Use Aligning Wind Vane Using winddircal0 Command 1. Turn the nose (number 1 in Figure 69 on page 76) of the vane to a known point of compass, for example, north. 2. Open MAWS Terminal. 3. Give command open to open the connection to MAWS. The open command is not echoed on the screen. 4. Give command winddircal0 with the direction reading, for example, winddircal0 360.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation 2. The mounting piece (2) must be placed on top of the tube and the sensor must be attached to the mounting piece with the plastic collar (3). 3. Choose a known wind direction reference point on the horizon with the help of a compass. 4. Point the nose of the vane at the reference point. 5. Hold the vane in position and slowly rotate the mounting piece until wind direction shows proper value. 6.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 70 0410-175 Table 6 Solar Panel Angle Adjustment Recommended Tilt Angle for Solar Panel Latitude of Site Tilt Angle 0 ...10° 10 ...
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Quick Start Instructions The quick start instructions in Table 7 on page 79 are based on the following assumptions: - You will use a default setup already loaded in MAWS. - You have already assembled the MAWS system. Table 7 Quick Start Instructions Step Action Detailed Instruction 1. Connect power to MAWS. 2. Establish terminal connection with MAWS. Start the MAWS Terminal software.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 72 0411-045 NOTE Connecting the Terminal Cable 2. Start the MAWS Terminal program on your PC, as instructed in section Using MAWS Terminal Software on page 81. 3. Set communication parameters: 9600, N, 8, 1.For more information, see section Opening MAWS Service Connection on page 87. 4. Give the command open (if the connection is not already open).
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation The following numbers refer to Figure 73 on page 80. 1 = Not connected 2 = RxD 3 = GND 4 = TxD 5 = Not connected Using MAWS Terminal Software Selecting the Language When you start MAWS Terminal for the first time, you will be asked to select the language you would like to use. The Select Language window, presented in Figure 74 on page 81, will appear. Select the desired language and click OK.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ MAWS Terminal Main Window After selecting the language, or when you later start the MAWS Terminal software by clicking the MAWS Terminal icon on your desktop, the following window appears. Figure 75 0105-040 MAWS Terminal Main Window When the service connection is closed, the messages and reports appear on the main window as shown in Figure 76 on page 83.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 76 0105-041 MAWS Terminal Showing Report On the top of the main window, there is the MAWS Terminal toolbar. The toolbar is the quickest way to select functions. Table 8 Icon Description of the Toolbar Function Description Dial Hangup Establish a connection to the MAWS station you have selected or to the modem you use for connecting to MAWS. Close the connection to MAWS.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ You can exit MAWS Terminal by choosing the Exit option from the Tools menu. Defining MAWS Terminal Settings When you start the software for the first time, you need to define the settings you want to use during download. You can do this with Settings menu options. Preferences Window When you choose the Preferences option from the Settings menu, the Preferences window appears with the Directories tab.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Table 9 Description of Preference Window Tabs Tab Description Show Dialogs On the Show Dialogs tab, you can select which dialogs you want displayed during the download process. On the Language tab, you can select the language that is used in the interface.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 78 0312-060 Download Tab in Preferences Window Address Book Window When you choose the Address Book option from the Settings menu, the following window appears.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation In the Address Book window, you can define MAWS communication details. You can also define parameters for both directly connected stations and for stations that establish the connection via modem. You can add new entries and delete old ones. Opening MAWS Service Connection Before you can download files or upload the configuration file, you need to open the service connection to MAWS.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 80 0406-068 Select Address Book Entry to Dial Window In the Select Address Book entry to dial window, select the port to which MAWS is connected and click Connect. NOTE Before connecting, the Password Entry window opens, if you have set the user level in your MAWS. For more information on setting the user levels, see section Managing User Levels on page 90.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Giving Commands When you have established the connection, you can use the commands (described in Table 18 on page 123) to communicate with MAWS. Commands are actually text sent from the PC or terminal to MAWS. To open the connection, give the open command. To close the terminal connection, give the command close. Logging is not affected unless it is stopped using the logstop command.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE Commands have to be typed in the same case as indicated in the help texts, usually in the lower case. The command name and the following parameters are always separated by a space. Pressing ENTER (return) will execute the command so that MAWS reads the typed command. You can use BACKSPACE to delete the last typed character. Use CTRL+P (hold down the CTRL key and press P) to repeat the previously typed command.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation You can manage user levels by the userlevel command when the service connection is open. The command has the following syntax: userlevel [level ] where level = 1, 3, or 5 set = Sets the password for a level clear = Clears the password from the level To check the current setting, give the command alone, without parameters. When you want to change the level, give the command with parameters.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Level 5 provides access to all commands. For the command reference, see Table 18 on page 123.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Table 12 Description of MAWS Station Settings Window Item Description Station name Altitude Pressure sensor level Capacity of the internal battery You can define a name for your station. Enter the altitude of the MAWS station from sea level. The height of the pressure sensor on the MAWS mast. Enter the capacity of the MAWS internal battery QMB101.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 82 0406-034 Setup Management View: Static Parameters Tab The list under the Static Parameters tab shows all the static parameters, including the preset ones. Refer to Figure 82 on page 94. The user editable entries are listed in bold. The Default column shows the default values for each parameter.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation NOTE 4. If the parameter is numeric, it is recommended that you also select a measure unit for it. If the parameter will be used as a station specific calculation parameter, you should provide it with a correct unit, otherwise the calculation configuration may not allow you to use the parameter as input. If there is no suitable unit available, select unspecified. This causes the parameter to be applicable for all use.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Calibrating Sensors For calibrating the sensors with MAWS Terminal, the Sensor Calibration tab is available in the MAWS Stations Settings window, see Figure 84 on page 96. The list of the MAWS sensors is displayed in the tab. NOTE You must load an appropriate setup to MAWS, before you are able to use the Sensor Calibration tab.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation The list in the Sensor Calibration tab does not refresh automatically. To read the latest measurement values, click the Refresh button. You may enter new values to the cells that have bold font. You can not change the cells with N/A. Table 13 on page 97 describes the columns in the Sensor Calibration tab.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ particular sensor. To calibrate other listed sensors, enter the gain of the measurement, that is, the slope of the conversion curve. NOTE You can do either offset or gain calibration at a time. When you enter a new value in the Value or Cal. Factor field, the other parameter will be expressed as N/A until you save your changes.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Sensor Status List Table 14 Sensor Status List Value Meaning Notes 0 1 2 The sensor is working properly (OK). Not measured yet Interface is not initialized. 1 3 Communication time out has occurred. 1 4 Unknown data is received. 1 5 Communication is functioning, but the sensor reports errors. Use sensor's own service interface to find out cause.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Entering Values Manually Before being able to manually enter data to MAWS using MAWS Terminal, you have to create and configure manual sensor(s) in MAWS Lizard. Creating Manual Sensor in MAWS Lizard In the Equipment view, select ManualSensor and click Add. ManualSensor is automatically connected to the Console connector, see Figure 85 on page 100.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 86 0406-043 Configuring Manual Sensor in MAWS Lizard Manual Entry in MAWS Terminal In MAWS Terminal, the Manual Entry tab lists all the manual sensors, see Figure 87 on page 102. The T column shows the data type and the St column the status. To enter values for the manual sensors: 1. To access the Manual Entry in MAWS Terminal, select Station settings in the Tools menu and the Manual Entry tab. 2.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 87 0406-044 Manual Entry Tab MAWS Configuration File When you start using MAWS for the first time, you need to upload a configuration file from your PC to the MAWS station. This configuration file includes all details required by the system to function properly: which sensors the system contains, which settings they use, to which MAWS channels they are connected, and how often they calculate weather parameters.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation You can modify one of the configuration files with the MAWS Lizard Setup Software to produce exactly the configuration you want. However, this requires a thorough understanding of the system. For more information, refer to the MAWS Lizard Setup Software User's Guide. CAUTION If you create a configuration of your own by modifying the readymade files, store the new file under a different name.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 88 0201-046 3. Selecting an Upload Configuration File When the file has been transferred, MAWS starts executing the new setup according to the settings in the configuration file. Data Logging Logging means storing of the measured and calculated data in the MAWS internal memory, that is, to 2 MB Flash chip with the data storage capacity of 1.7 MB. Additionally, you may use an external memory card.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation setup is created. The approximate maximum logging period for a setup where 10 measured values are logged is shown in Table 15 on page 105.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 89 0312-061 Output of the Logshow Command The header information shows the variable name (TAMeasQMH101_1m:Avg and RHMeasQMH101_1m:Avg). The log entry information includes the time tag, that is, date and time of the entry, the status, and the value of the logged measurement or calculation.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation manually disable a measurement or a sensor. For detailed information, see section Measurement Enable or Disable on page 107. To see the logging groups, type logstatus. To see the current logging status of a certain group, type logstatus . To stop or start logging of a certain group, type logstop/loggo . For the output of the commands, see Figure 90 on page 107.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Use the following commands in the service connection to change the flagging: enable disable where enable = Enables the measurement inputs or sensors. disable = Disables the measurement inputs or sensors. Measurement Name = NOTE The measurement name from the Configuration view of MAWS Lizard.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Freeing Up Logging Space A log file can be deleted with the logdel command: logdel <(dYYMMDD)> where logdel = The command to delete log files, that belong to a certain log group. log_group_id = The name of the log group, that is, L0, L1, L2, or so on. dYYMMDD = The date until which the log files will be deleted. Example: / > logdel L2 d980910 To erase all data in the log system, type LOGFS ERASE.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Selecting Files for Downloading When you have opened the service connection to MAWS you are working with, you need to select the data log files you want to download. Choose the Download log files option from the Tools menu. The Select Log Files for Download window appears. Figure 91 0312-062 Select Log Files for Download Window In the Log files in MAWS list, you see all data log files currently available in MAWS.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation NOTE The program closes the service connection automatically after 5 minutes. If you fail to start the download within 5 minutes of selecting the Download log files, you need to reopen the MAWS Terminal program and start the download again. Downloading Files When you have selected the files you want to download, click Download, see Figure 91 on page 110.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ In addition, you may select Merge CSV files belonging to same log group to merge the downloaded data files to one file. The log files are merged by the log group. The log group is indicated by the two characters at the beginning of the file name, for example, L0, L1, L2, or L3. The name of the merged file will be: L0firstfilename L0lastfilename.csv.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 94 0406-035 AutoDownload Schedule Window When a station is equipped with a modem, you can either use the default modem initialization and dialing strings saved in Address Book or override them. You can enter the Initialization and Dial prefix values separately for each station.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 96 0406-037 Modem Options When the phone number is entered into the Phone number field of the Address Book, the dial prefix entered in the Dial prefix field will be added to it. If the command which would be given manually in a terminal session is ATD123456, it is divided into a phone number (123456) and a prefix (ATD), see Figure 95 on page 113 and Figure 96 on page 114.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 97 0406-038 Operating in AutoDownload Mode Window The application will wait in idle mode until the polling is triggered. When polling, the application automatically opens service connection to a station and downloads the Log files as defined by the user, see Figure 98 on page 115.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 99 0406-040 AutoDownload Completed When you click the Cancel button in order to close the window, a work report will be shown, see Figure 100 on page 116. The Info window shows which stations were polled and the results of polling. Figure 100 0406-041 AutoDownload Info Window Browsing Downloaded Files You can browse the downloaded data log files directly in MAWS Terminal.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Log Files box. Select the files you want. If you want to limit the number of data items on your screen, click Select Data Items.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ In the Select Data Items window, you can select the data items you want to browse. All data items are selected by default. You can deselect any data item, or deselect them all. Once the data items you want are gathered in the right box, click Close. Click Perform Query. The data items you selected appear on your screen in table format.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation them afterwards by choosing the Convert Files to CSV option from the Tools menu. When you select the Convert Files to CSV option, the following window appears. Figure 104 0105-052 Selecting a Binary Log File for CSV Conversion Select the file you want to convert to CSV format and click Open. The program starts the conversion.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 105 0312-067 Converting Several Log Files to CSV Format In the Convert log files window, you can select one by one the log files you want to convert, or select them all. Additionally, you can merge the files by selecting the Merge files option. Once the log files you want to convert are in the Log files to convert list, click Start Converting. When the conversion is complete, the Info window appears.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation the LED on the logger cover to the left of the external memory card is constantly on. CAUTION The memory card must not be removed from MAWS while data is being written or the data may be lost. By default, data is transmitted to the memory card every day at 00:00:30. When a new memory card is inserted into MAWS, the software checks that the card is ready for use. The status of the memory card is indicated by a LED.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Resetting MAWS To reset MAWS, give the command reset (recommended) or press the reset button, see number 1 in Figure 106 on page 122. Figure 106 0406-060 Reset Button on Logger A short reset (pressing the reset button quickly) performs the same reset as giving the command and starts the program again.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Command Reference for Terminal Connection Table 18 Command Set Command Description altitude altitude [meters]. To see the current station altitude, type altitude. To change the altitude, type altitude and the new station altitude in meters from sea level. battery [capacity] sets the capacity of the internal battery, needed for MAWS internal control. Accepted capacity values are 1.2 ... 24 Ah.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 18 Command Set (Continued) Command Description logshowprev logshowprev [count]. After the logshow command, can be used to show the immediately preceding (earlier) log entries. logstatus [log_group_id] shows logging state and variables of the defined log group. The command without parameters shows statuses of all log groups. logstop stops logging of the defined log group.
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Table 18 Command Set (Continued) Command Description userlevel userlevel [level ] command is used to protect system from unauthorized use. It provides three password protected access levels to shell commands as well as to the visibility of system data. By default, the user levels are not in use.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 126 __________________________________________________________________M210662EN-A
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance CHAPTER 4 MAINTENANCE This chapter provides information that is needed in the basic maintenance of MAWS, sensors, and accessories. Routine Maintenance and Calibration The purpose of periodic maintenance is to keep sensors operational and safe, measurements reliable, to define if any calibration actions are needed, and to extend the lifetime of the system.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ When using high quality sensors and system, most of the routine maintenance tasks can be performed at the installation site. Some instruments and advanced calibrations and refurbishments, require the sensor be returned to the laboratory for proper calibration. When system components need to be brought in from the field, the best procedure is to maintain an inventory of spare components.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Overall Checking NOTE - Check signal and main cables, connectors, and connections. - Check gaskets of the enclosures. - Check all grounding cables, lugs, etc. - Check mechanical assemblies, bolts, nuts, etc. - Check for corrosion. Repair if needed. Use the correct tools of good quality.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ a. Connect the maintenance terminal cable to the port COM0 of the MAWS system and to the COM1 port on your computer. b. Connect the maintenance terminal cable to the port COM0 of the MAWS system and to any free COM port on your computer. For example, if the free COM port is COM3, make the .bat file with Notepad, see Figure 107 on page 130. In the .
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance If you are having problems when loading software to the logger, for example, loading is interrupted and you get the message Load Error 1, try again with all other Windows programs closed, except Command Prompt. Loading may be interrupted due to a corrupted bin.mot file, or due to powersave features, especially when a laptop computer is used.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Solar Panel Periodic Maintenance WARNING Wear rubber gloves to protect yourself against possible electric shock. CAUTION Do not use a scrub brush; it can damage the module front surface. Inspect the module at least twice a year for overall integrity. Make sure that connections to the battery are tight and free of corrosion.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance chamber with built-in 10 dB sonic attenuators in each of the three sonic paths. The margin verifier is shown in Figure 108 on page 134.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 108 0003-016 NOTE Margin Verifier Some random data samples may be lost during the zero verifier test. This, however, does not indicate that the sensor is faulty. Combined Wind Sensor Periodic Maintenance Testing Proper Operation It is recommended to check the ball bearings of the anemometer and the vane every year.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance If your sensor includes the alignment sleeve and the factory alignment has not been altered, you can simply remove and remount the sensor to its place with the plastic collar without realigning. To replace the ball bearings, do the following (the numbers refer to Figure 109 on page 136): Anemometer bearings: 1. Loosen the hubnut (14) with fingers or a 10 mm tool and remove the cup wheel (13). 2.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 109 0009-022 WMS Assembly The following numbers refer to Figure 109 on page 136: 1 = Casing 2a = Reed switch PCB 2b = Potentiometer PCB 3 = Retainer 4 = Sleeve 5 = O-ring 6 = Base part 7 = Mast adapter sleeve 8 = Bearing assembly 9 = Seeger ring 10 = Tail assembly 11 = Lock screw 12 = Bearing assembly 13 = Cup wheel 14 = Hubnut 136 _______________________________________
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Anemometers Periodic Maintenance Cleaning Heavy contamination in the cups, such as bird dropplets or ice will deteriorate the accuracy of the anemometer. Clean the cups when necessary. Testing Proper Operation The sensor will hold its accuracy in all conditions for 1 year. If the rains are mostly casual and moderate, and the atmospheric corrosion is typical, the sensor accuracy will remain for 2 years.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ CAUTION 4. Remove the lower body assembly by pulling it straight outwards. 5. Loosen the spacer screws with a 7-mm tool and disconnect the heating element outlet. 6. Remove the printed circuit board including the opto-coupler. Do not twist or bend the connector. This may break the pins. 7. Loosen the fixing screw of the chopper disc with a 2-mm Allen key and remove the chopper disc. 8.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance the lower sensor bodies. The O-ring is recommended to be replaced with a new one after each opening. Check also that the connector's O-ring (14) is properly in its place. NOTE When placing the lower body assembly, make sure that the O-ring is correctly positioned between the upper and lower bodies. It is recommended to replace the O-rings with a new ones before reassembling. 5.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 110 0204-043 WAA151 Assembly 140 __________________________________________________________________M210662EN-A
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Replacing Bearings of WAA252 Replacement of the bearings should be done only by a trained technician. First steps from 1 to 14 are for disassembling and second steps from 1 to 11 are for reassembling. The numbers in parenthesis refer to Figure 111 on page 143. To replace the ball bearings of WAA252, follow the procedure below: 1. CAUTION Loosen the set screw (with an Allen key) and carefully remove the cup assembly.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 14. Remove the lower bearing (14). For reassembling the sensor: 1. NOTE NOTE CAUTION Be careful when assembling the bearings, do not drop or hit. 2. The rotating transformer assembly (7) is reinstalled together with the sensor board (9). Its (7) set screw is not fastened until in step 7, when the power supply board has been reinstalled and the gap adjusted. 3.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance 11. Install the cup assembly. Align the planes in the shaft and inside the hub. The bottom edges of the hub and the shoulder should reach approximately the same level. Tighten the fixing screw.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ CAUTION The heating resistance element cannot be removed without special tools. To avoid any damages, it is recommended that replacement of the heating element be carried out by the manufacturer. Wind Vanes Periodic Maintenance Cleaning Heavy contamination in the vane, such as bird dropplets or ice will deteriorate the accuracy of the wind vane. Clean the vane when necessary.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance 2. CAUTION CAUTION Loosen the hex nut of the connector with a 27-mm tool. Be careful not to bend the connector pins. 3. Loosen the three pan head screws at the bottom of the sensor body with a 7-mm tool. 4. Remove the lower body assembly by pulling it straight outwards. 5. Loosen the spacer screws with a 7-mm tool and disconnect the heating element outlet. 6. Remove the printed circuit board.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE 3. Attach the heating element outlet to the printed circuit board. Put the printed circuit board in place and fasten it with spacers (5). 4. Put the lower body assembly (4) carefully into place. Fasten the three screws (3) at the bottom of the sensor. Make sure that the bigger O-ring (14) is correctly positioned between the upper and the lower sensor bodies. Check also that the connector O-ring (14) is in place.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Figure 112 0204-045 WAV151 Assembly VAISALA ______________________________________________________________________ 147
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The following numbers refer to Figure 112 on page 147: 1 = Vane assembly 2 = Hex nut of the connector 3 = M6 x 16 DIN7991 (3 pcs) 4 = Lower body 5 = Spacer (3 pcs) 6 = Printed circuit board (PCB) 7 = Code disc 8 = External retaining ring, body 9 = Spacer ring 10 = Internal retaining ring, shaft 11 = Ball bearings 12 = Shaft and Upper body assembly 13 = Ball bearings 14 = O-rings, 2 pcs R
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance 6. Loosen the three nuts (5) at the bottom of the power supply board (4) and remove it with a 7-mm tool. 7. Loosen the shaft heating foil (6) (use pliers). 8. Loosen the set screw of the rotating transformer assembly (7) (use an Allen key). 9. Loosen the spacer screws (8) with a 6-mm tool. 10. Remove the sensor board (9) together with the rotating transformer assembly (7).
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ CAUTION 5. For adjusting the gap, place a 0.4 mm (0.016 in.) feeler gauge between ferrite coils (parts 4 and 7) (preferably use a 30 mm wide feeler gauge). 6. Place a screwdriver tip into the slot between the top end of rotating transformer assembly (7) and the shaft tunnel, and pry until the air gap between ferrite coils is 0.4 mm (0.016 in.) (use the feeler gauge for measuring).
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Figure 113 0002-029 WAV252 Assembly VAISALA ______________________________________________________________________ 151
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Wind Transmitter Periodic Maintenance When Digital Wind Transmitter WT521 is installed to tropical, marine, or cold temperature environments, it is important to take care that the equipment is kept within specific operating conditions. The cable glands must be properly tightened to avoid dust, dirt, or water to enter into the equipment.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Figure 114 0201-047 Probe Maintenance The following numbers refer to Figure 114 on page 153. 1 = Adjustment trimmers: W = wet, D = dry, (T = temperature; for factory use only) 2 = O-ring for sealing the probe weather tight Changing the HUMICAP®180 Humidity Sensor Unscrew the filter. Remove the damaged sensor and mount a new HUMICAP®180 humidity sensor in its place. Handle the sensor with care.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 115 0406-072 HMH40-MAWS Handle Leave the calibrator and the probe head in the same space for at least four hours so that their temperatures have time to equalize. Unscrew the plastic grid of the probe. The calibration is done first for the dry end (<50 %RH) and then for the wet end (>50 %RH) by adjusting the trimmer potentiometers marked with D (dry) and W (wet).
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Pressure Sensor Periodic Maintenance Under normal operating conditions, PMT16A needs only a minimal amount of maintenance. - Keep the pressure port clean. Check the pressure port every time when visiting the site. - Annually, compare pressure values against a calibrated portable standard. Calibration The MAWS software provides means for one-point field calibration of the PMT16A sensor.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 5. Check the readings given by MAWS. Value = reference reading Measured value = measured by MAWS Offset = measured value - reference reading 6. Repeat the calibration if necessary. 7. Close the terminal connection by giving the close command.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Periodic Maintenance of RG13/ RG13H Periodically check for dirt in the funnel and blockage of the inlet and outlet ports. Remove any dirt and clean the meshes. Unscrew the inlet mesh, and clean it. If necessary, the bucket surface can be cleaned using a mild detergent. Rain Detector Periodic Maintenance CAUTION Touch grounded metallic parts of the system with your hand before touching the sensor plate of DRD11A.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Solar Radiation Sensors Periodoc Maintenance of QMS101/ QMS102 The pyranometer is an all weather instrument. Once installed the pyranometer needs little maintenance. It is recommended that you clean the detector as part of a regular routine, using water or alcohol. Re-calibration is suggested every two years. This can be done in two ways. The first is to compare with the measurement of a similar sensor at the same site.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance When the blue silicagel in the drying cartridge is turned completely pink (normally after several months), it must be replaced by active material. Pink silicagel can be activated again in an oven at 130 °C. Because the sensitivity changes with time and exposure to radiation, recalibration is suggested at least every two years at the factory.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ When the QMT107 sensor is extracted, clean the dirt accumulation on the sensor surface with a soft cloth or sponge using water and mild detergent. Field repairs are accomplished by replacing the complete sensor. Soil Moisture Sensor Periodic Maintenance The ML2x sensor is sealed after the factory calibration. It does not require any routine maintenance and it is constructed of materials selected for robust field operation.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Leaf Wetness Sensor Periodic Maintenance Leaf Wetness Sensor does not need any regular maintenance. Field repairs are accomplished by replacing the complete sensor. Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature Sensor Periodic Maintenance The sensing element of the sensor is a wooden dowel that exchanges moisture with its surroundings. In the course of a year, it undergoes many cycles of soaking up moisture and drying.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ needed, because the sensor has been calibrated at the factory. Periodic maintenance of the Present Weather Detector includes: - Cleaning of the transmitter and receiver lenses and hoods - Cleaning of the DRD Rain Detector. Figure 116 0410-190 NOTE DRD on Present Weather Detector Some erroneous data may be generated due to cleaning the sensor.
Chapter 4 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Cleaning DRD Rain Detector The capacitive rain detector DRD should be cleaned every six months or more often depending on the conditions. CAUTION The measuring principle does not allow for proper ESD protection of the DRD electronics, therefore you must follow the instructions carefully. 1. Ground your hand by touching grounded metallic parts of the installation to remove excessive static charges from your body. 2.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ - Cleaning of the transmitter and receiver lenses and hoods - Cleaning of the DRD12 Rain Detector - Visibility calibration check, and calibration if needed. - Calibration of the DTS14 Temperature Sensor. For more information, refer to FD12P User's Guide.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting CHAPTER 5 TROUBLESHOOTING This section consists of some common MAWS problems, their probable causes, and remedies.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ When troubleshooting the MAWS system, make sure you have the tools listed in Table 21 on page 166 available.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting - c. d. e. f. 3. Open the logger cover and press the reset button. Refer to section Resetting MAWS on page 177. After a few seconds, the terminal should start to display logger startup messages. MAWS is not sending anything (nothing is seen on the screen). - After MAWS has been without power, for example, when you start it for the first time, check the time and date.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ b. The terminal connection is not open. Type open and press ENTER. Note that the command must be typed exactly right before it can be executed and the command is not echoed on the screen. c. The port settings are not synchronous. Synchronize PC COM port and MAWS COM port settings. 4.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting - c. d. 6. 7. Pay also attention to the message related to the excitation voltages. If the damaged sensor is powered by the logger, it may cause an overload. If the malfunctioning sensor is measured by the logger: - Open the sensor calibration view in MAWS Terminal, see section Determining Sensor Status on page 177.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Still not functioning? Replace the logger and return the damaged one to Vaisala for repair. For the return instructions, refer to section Return Instructions on page 199. Visual Check Open the door of the enclosure, and check that all the equipment is present, see Figure 117 on page 170. Check that the logger, power supply, and communication devices are connected properly to the connectors inside the enclosure.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Remove the cover of the logger for checking visually the CPU board and other components located under the cover. In Figure 118 on page 171, the logger is shown without the cover and the optional communication modules.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Determining MAWS Operation Mode You can look at the status LED to determine the MAWS operation mode. The LED is located on the MAWS logger board and it is visible on the logger cover. Table 22 Determining Operation Mode by LED Flashing LED Flashing Interval Operation Mode All the time MAWS has been reset but setup has not been examined yet. Setup is running. Blank boot or configuration cannot be run.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Figure 119 0411-045 NOTE Connecting the Terminal Cable 2. Start the MAWS Terminal program on your PC. 3. Set the communication parameters: 9600, N, 8, 1. 4. Give the command open (if the connection is not already open). The command open is not echoed on the screen. Figure 120 on page 173 shows the pin order for the terminal connector.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Recording Terminal Connection Text In problem situations, you can save the commands and program responses that you see in the MAWS Terminal window. Before you start creating the situation you want to record, clear the terminal buffer. From the Edit menu, select Clear window. The program removes all text from the terminal buffer.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting information concerning the correct connector can be obtained in MAWS Lizard under I/O Connections in the Equipment view.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 24 Some Common Connection Problems and Their Remedies (Continued) Problem Probable Cause You receive the following message: You are trying to connect to a Check the port settings. port that does not exist in your computer. The port is reserved (some other It is possible, that you have program is connected to it).
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Resetting MAWS To reset MAWS, give the command reset (recommended) or press the reset button, see number 1 in Figure 106 on page 122. Figure 121 0406-060 Reset Button on Logger A short reset (pressing the reset button quickly) performs the same reset as giving the command and starts the program again.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 1. For any sensor enter the following service terminal command: LASTVAL status For example: / > LASTVAL TAMeasQMH101_1 status Status:1 Value:0 where Status:1 = The Status field in the output is the value status. Value:0 = The Value field shows the sensor status value. For details on the LASTVAL command, refer to section LASTVAL Command on page 183. 2.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting NOTE You must load an appropriate setup to MAWS, before you are able to use the Sensor Calibration tab. NOTE The Sensor Calibration tab is not visible for the setups made with the MAWS software versions prior to 3.06.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 27 Sensor Status List Value Meaning Notes 0 1 2 The sensor is working properly (OK). Not measured yet Interface is not initialized. 1 3 Communication time out has occurred. 1 4 Unknown data is received. 1 5 Communication is functioning, but the sensor reports errors. Use sensor's own service interface to find out cause. Sensor communication is paused because service connection is opened through MAWS.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Using External Memory Card The external memory card is used to store log files that have been copied or moved from the internal log directory. The data can be retrieved from the external memory card via terminal connection or by switching the memory card with an empty one. Note that the memory card must be formatted with a command EXTFS ERASE before use.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Automatic Erase from External Memory Card The log group specific setting Number of days to preserve log files affects also the files stored to the external memory card.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting LASTVAL Command If the value in the report changes to ////, you can check the measurement’s/sensor’s value with the LASTVAL command. Give the command in the terminal connection. When you use the raw parameter, the measured value before any validation and the status produced during validation are shown. When you use the corresponding signal name, the validated value is shown.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ where Status:1 = Value:20.490570 = The value is valid. The raw value for the temperature measurement is 20.49xxxx When the value in the report changes to ////, you can check the value. In the following case the probe is not connected: / > LASTVAL TAMeasQMH101_1 raw Status:2 Value:-238.285549 where Status:2 = The value is invalid. Value:238.285549 = The raw value for the temperature measurement is -238.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting To see active warnings, type warnings. To clear active warnings, type warnings clear. Warnings indicate that there are some problems in the software. Example: / W> warnings Warning: Break occurred 9 times first in uart.cpp[84] during thread: 00019F60 [AbsTimerT] object pointer: 106C [component: COM0] Warning: Frame occurred 14 times first in uart.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ System Information You can acquire a report that contains system information by using the SYSINFO command in MAWS Terminal. The command lists parameters that are useful especially when troubleshooting the system or when contacting Vaisala HelpDesk. Example: / > SYSINFO Serial # : 59289091 Hardware : Rev F Software : 3.02 Checksum : 61577576 System RAM : 1024kB Free memory : 583kB Internal temp. : 3.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting System uptime = The total time that the system has been running, calculated from the last reset. Battery Status You can view battery status information by giving the command battery without parameters. NOTE The battery command applies only to the internal battery. Example: / > battery Remaining=100 State=FLOAT_CHARGE U=6.850195 I=2.685547 Type=PB_BATTERY Capacity=1.200000 Ext.DC=8.132420 Internal temperature=23.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Measurement Enable or Disable You can manually enable or disable all measurement inputs and sensors. You can use this feature for example to: - Change remotely the readings of a faulty sensor to be flagged as invalid. - Mark all sensor readings invalid during the maintenance operation.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting When the measurement input is disabled: - All other output values than status have undefined values. - Sensor status shows disabled, refer to the updated list of the sensor statuses in Table 14 on page 99. - Value status shows INVALID and NOT AVAILABLE.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Refer to Figure 123 on page 190 for the location of the replaceable fuses. 4. Open the holder of the broken fuse (either F1 or F2) with a screw driver. 5. Replace the broken fuse (either F1 or F2) with a new one and screw the holder back onto its place. 6. Connect the power input. 7. Carefully reattach the enclosure cover with the four screws.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Solar Panel Table 31 Troubleshooting the Solar Panel Problem Probable Cause Remedy The power output has decreased. The module surface is dirty Gently clean it with a soft cloth or sponge using water and mild detergent. GSM Modems To test the GSM modems with the AT commands, refer to Table 32 on page 191.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ GOES Satellite Transmitter The Satellite Data Transmitter is not serviceable in the field; if it does not operate correctly, you must return it to Vaisala for repairs. Ultrasonic Wind Sensor Table 33 on page 192 lists some common problems of WS425 and their remedies.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Anemometers Table 35 on page 193 lists some common problems of Anemometers and their remedies. Table 35 Problem Troubleshooting Anemometers Probable Cause The data is not received The sensor is mechanically from the sensor. damaged. After removing the connector's hexagon nut, the connector is bent, which breaks the connection wires. The sensor is not powered properly. Remedy Check the cables and connectors.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Wind Vanes Table 36 on page 194 lists some common problems of Anemometers and their remedies. Table 36 Problem Troubleshooting Wind Vanes Probable Cause The data is not received The sensor is mechanically from the sensor. damaged. After removing the connector's hexagon nut, the connector is bent, which breaks the connection wires. The sensor is not powered properly. The sensor shaft is covered with ice and snow.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Wind Transmitter Table 37 on page 195 lists some common problems of Anemometers and their remedies. Table 37 Troubleshooting WT521 Problem Probable Cause Remedy No service connection Transmitter is not powered. Ensure proper supply voltage for the transmitter. Check the cable. Check that the green LED is blinking after supplying the transmitter. If not, return the transmitter to manufacturer for service.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor Table 38 Troubleshooting the Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor Problem Probable Cause Remedy You receive no data. The data seems to be incorrect. Cable is not connected. The installation site is not correct. Check the cable connection. Select a new location according to the installation instructions. Calibrate the probe according to the separate instructions.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Present Weather Sensor WARNING The equipment contains dangerous voltage of 230 VAC. Table 39 Some Common Problems with FD12P and Their Remedies Problem Probable Cause Remedy The visibility value is continuously too good. The lenses may be excessively contaminated One of the hoods has been filled with snow, leaves or other things. There is condensation on the lens surfaces. This is a sign of heating failure.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Ceilometer If CT25K is not working properly, do the following: 1. Check the cable connections. 2. Check the presence and correctness of line voltage. 3. Check the operational states of the LEDs in the unit. 4. At the data line, check that the connection is correct. For more information, refer to Ceilometer CT25K User's Guide.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Return Instructions If MAWS needs repair, please follow the instructions below to speed up the process and avoid extra costs. When the setup is defected, please send also the captured MAWS_Terminal.log file and the configuration file (.dtg). Refer to MAWS Lizard User’s Guide for instructions how to export a setup file. 1. Read the warranty information. 2.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 200 __________________________________________________________________M210662EN-A
Appendix A ________________________________________________________________ Glossary APPENDIX A GLOSSARY This appendix contains glossary with explanations of some general meteorological and technical terms and terms used in specifications. Accuracy The degree of conformity of a measured or calculated value to its actual or specified value. Altitude The station altitude in meters from sea level.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Celsius scale Temperature scale having the freezing point of pure water at 0 °C and the boiling point at 100 °C under standard sea level pressure. All the temperatures measured with MAWS are given in Celsius degrees. Configuration Set of instructions for the MAWS logger. The compiled configuration (a script) is in fact a program that runs in MAWS.
Appendix A ________________________________________________________________ Glossary Precipitation Term that refers to all forms of water particles that fall upon the earth. This includes rain, snow, and hail. It is the universal practice to distinguish between rain, snow, and total precipitation. Snow is sometimes measured as such and sometimes it is melted and measured as water. Pslevel The pressure sensor level in meters from the station altitude.
