USER'S GUIDE Vaisala WINDCAP® Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WMT52 M210925EN-B
PUBLISHED BY Vaisala Oyj Phone (int.): +358 9 8949 1 P.O. Box 26 Fax: +358 9 8949 2227 FIN-00421 Helsinki Finland Visit our Internet pages at http://www.vaisala.com/ © Vaisala 2012 No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical (including photocopying), nor may its contents be communicated to a third party without prior written permission of the copyright holder. The contents are subject to change without prior notice.
________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Contents of This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 General Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ CHAPTER 5 WIRING AND POWER MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Operating Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Heating Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Wiring Using the 8-pin M12 Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ Start Concurrent Measurement (aC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Start Concurrent Measurement with CRC (aCC) . . . . . . . . 77 Send Data Command (aD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Examples of aM, aC and aD Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Continuous Measurement (aR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Continuous Measurement with CRC (aRC) . . . . . . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ APPENDIX A NETWORKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Connecting Several WMT52s on the Same Bus . . . . . . . .121 SDI-12 Serial Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Communication Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Figure 28 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WMT52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 WMT52 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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________________________________________________________________________________ List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Table 11 Table 12 Table 13 Table 14 Table 15 Table 16 Table 17 Table 18 Table 19 Table 20 Table 21 Pin-outs for WMT52 Serial Interfaces and Power Supplies . . . . . 42 Screw Terminal Pin-outs for WMT52 Serial Interfaces and Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Chapter 1 ________________________________________________________ General Information CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION This chapter provides general notes for the product. About This Manual This manual provides information for installing, operating, and maintaining the product. Contents of This Manual This manual consists of the following chapters: - Chapter 1, General Information: This chapter provides general notes for the product.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ serial interfaces, and how to manage and estimate the average power consumption. - Chapter 6, Connection options: This chapter contains instructions for configuring the communication with the sensor. - Chapter 7, Getting the Data Messages: This chapter presents the general and data message commands.
Chapter 1 ________________________________________________________ General Information Feedback Vaisala Customer Documentation Team welcomes your comments and suggestions on the quality and usefulness of this publication. If you find errors or have other suggestions for improvement, please indicate the chapter, section, and page number. You can send comments to us by email: manuals@vaisala.com. ESD Protection Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) can cause immediate or latent damage to electronic circuits.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Trademarks WINDCAP® is a registered trademark of Vaisala. Microsoft®, Windows®, Windows 2000®, Windows XP®, Windows Server 2003®, and Windows Vista® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. License Agreement All rights to any software are held by Vaisala or third parties.
Chapter 1 ________________________________________________________ General Information Warranty Vaisala hereby represents and warrants all Products manufactured by Vaisala and sold hereunder to be free from defects in workmanship or material during a period of twelve (12) months from the date of delivery save for products for which a special warranty is given.
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Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview CHAPTER 2 PRODUCT OVERVIEW This chapter introduces the unique features and advantages of the Vaisala Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WMT52.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WMT52 is a small and lightweight wind sensor that measures wind speed and direction. The sensor housing is IP65/ IP66 rated. WMT52 powers up with 5 ... 32 VDC and outputs serial data with a selectable communication protocol: SDI-12, ASCII automatic & polled and NMEA 0183 with query option. Four alternative serial interfaces are selectable: RS-232, RS-485, RS-422 and SDI-12.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WMT52 Components Figure 2 0803-041 WMT52 Components The following numbers refer to Figure 2 on page 17: 1 = Top assembly 2 = Silicon gasket 3 = Spacers 4 = Bottom assembly 5 = Allen screws VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 17
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 3 0803-029 Bottom of the Sensor The following numbers refer to Figure 3 on page 18: 1 = Alignment direction sign 2 = 4-pin M8 connector for Service Port 3 = Water tight cable gland (optional, included in the Bushing and Grounding Kit) 4 = Opening for cable gland (if unused, cover with a hexagonal plug) 5 = 8-pin M12 connector for power/datacom cable (optional) 18 _____________________________________
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Figure 4 0505-193 Mounting Kit (Optional) The optional mounting kit can be used to ease the mounting of the WMT52 on a pole mast. When using the optional mounting kit, alignment is needed only when mounting for the first time. Using the mounting kit also improves the IP classification of the WMT52 to IP66. Without the mounting kit, the WMT52 is IP65.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 6 0804-007 Bird Spike Kit (optional) The optional Bird Spike Kit for WXT transmitters and WMT sensors is designed to reduce the interference that birds cause to the wind and rain measurement. The kit consists of a metallic band with spikes pointing upward. The kit is installed on top of the sensor, and attached with a screw.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Figure 7 0806-001 Surge Protector (optional) The following surge protectors are available from Vaisala: - Vaisala Surge Protector WSP150 is a compact transient overvoltage suppressor designed for outdoor use. It can be used with all Vaisala wind and weather instruments. The WSP150 should be installed close to the protected instrument (max 3 m).
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Chapter 3 ______________________________________________________ Functional Description CHAPTER 3 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION This chapter describes the measurement principles and heating function of Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WMT52. Wind Measurement Principle The WMT52 uses Vaisala WINDCAP® sensor technology in wind measurement. The wind sensor has an array of three equally spaced ultrasonic transducers on a horizontal plane.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The wind speed is calculated from the measured transit times using the following formula: V w = 0.5 u L u 1 e t f – 1 e t r 0505-216 where: Vw = Wind speed L = Distance between the two transducers tf = Transit time in forward direction tr = Transit time in reverse direction Measuring the six transit times allows Vw to be computed for each of the three ultrasonic paths.
Chapter 3 ______________________________________________________ Functional Description Depending on user selection the wind speed extreme values can be computed in two alternative ways; either with the traditional minimum/ maximum calculation or with the 3-second gust & lull calculation recommended by the WMO (World Meteorological Organization).
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The following example shows how heating behaves as Ta starts to fall: - When Ta falls below +10 °C, heating is enabled. - Heating keeps Th > +4 °C until Ta < -11 °C. - Between -11 ... -65 °C, Th is approximately 15 °C warmer than Ta. When the heating function is disabled the heating is off in all conditions, see Supervisor Message on page 101.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation CHAPTER 4 INSTALLATION This chapter provides you with information that is intended to help you install Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WMT52. Unpacking Instructions Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WMT52 comes in a custom shipping container. Be careful when removing the device from the container. CAUTION Beware of damaging any of the wind transducers located at the top of the three antennas.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Selecting the Location Finding a suitable site for WMT52 is important for getting representative ambient measurements. The site should represent the general area of interest. The WMT52 should be installed in a location that is free from turbulence caused by nearby objects, such as trees and buildings. In general, any object of height (h) will not remarkably disturb wind measurement at a minimum distance of 10 h.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Figure 10 0806-005 Recommended Mast Length on Top of a Building The recommended minimum length (marked with the letter h in Figure 10 on page 29) for the mast that is installed on top of a building is 1.5 times the height of the building (H). When the diagonal (W) is less than the height (H), the minimum length of the mast is 1.5 W.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Installation Procedure At the measurement site, WMT52 needs to be mounted, grounded, aligned, and connected to the data logger and the power source. Mounting Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WMT52 can be mounted either onto a vertical pole mast or onto a horizontal cross arm. When mounting WMT52 onto a pole mast, an optional mounting kit can be used to ease mounting.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Figure 11 0803-043 Location of Fixing Screw Mounting with Optional Mounting Kit 1. Insert the mounting kit adapter to the sensor bottom in the position shown in the picture. 2. Turn the kit inside the bottom firmly until you feel that the adapter snaps into the locked position. 3. Mount the adapter to the pole mast, do not tighten the fixing screw (provided). 4.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 12 0601-019 Mounting WMT52 to Pole Mast Using Optional Mounting Kit The following numbers refer to Figure 12 on page 32: NOTE 1 = Fixing screw 2 = Mounting kit When removing the WMT52 from the pole just turn the sensor so that it snaps out from the mounting kit. When replacing the device the alignment is not needed. Mounting To Horizontal Cross Arm 1. Remove the screw cover. 2.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Figure 13 0803-044 Mounting WMT52 to Cross Arm The following numbers refer to : 1 = Nut (M6 DIN934) 2 = Mounting bolt (M6 DIN933) Figure 14 0803-042 Mounting Bolt Location in Cross Arm The following numbers refer to Figure 14 on page 33: 1 = Nut (M6 DIN934) 2 = Mounting Bolt (M6 DIN933) VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 33
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Grounding the WMT52 The normal way to ground the WMT52 is to install it on a mast or a cross arm that provides a good connection to earth ground. The grounding is provided via the fixing screw (or mounting bolt), so it is important that it makes a good ground connection.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Marine Grounding Jumper The WMT52 should be properly grounded also in marine applications. If it is grounded to the hull of a ship (ship’s ground) you must remove the grounding jumper inside the WMT52.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Aligning the WMT52 To help the alignment, there is an arrow and the text "North" on the bottom of the sensor. WMT52 needs to be aligned in such a way that this arrow points to the north. Wind direction can be referred either to true north, which uses the earth’s geographic meridians, or to the magnetic north, which is read with a magnetic compass.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation 2. Use a compass to determine that the transducer heads of WMT52 are exactly in line with the compass and that the arrow on the bottom of WMT52 points to the north. 3. Tighten the fixing screw on the bottom of the sensor when the bottom arrow is exactly aligned to north.
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Chapter 5 _______________________________________________ Wiring and Power Management CHAPTER 5 WIRING AND POWER MANAGEMENT This chapter provides you with instructions on how to connect the power supply and the serial interfaces, and how to manage and estimate the average power consumption. The WMT52 can be accessed through four different serial interfaces: RS-232, RS-485, RS-422 and SDI-12. Each of them can be wired either through the internal screw terminal or the 8-pin M12 connector (optional).
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ are drawn by the wind sensor (whenever enabled) at 4 Hz rate, which is the default value for wind sampling. Wind sampling at 2 Hz or 1 Hz rate is also available (see Chapter 8, Sensor and Data Message Settings, on page 95). The average current consumption will decrease almost in proportion to the sampling rate, since wind measurement is the most consuming operation in the system.
Chapter 5 _______________________________________________ Wiring and Power Management Typical DC voltage ranges are as follows: - 12 VDC ± 20 % (max 1.1 A); - 24 VDC ± 20 % (max 0.6 A). Maximum heating power is achieved at voltages 15.5 V and 32 V. Nominally at 15.7 V heating voltage level the WMT52 automatically changes the heating element combination in order to consume equal power with 12 VDC and 24 VDC supplies.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Wiring Using the 8-pin M12 Connector External Wiring The 8-pin M12 connector (optional) is located on the bottom of the sensor, see Figure 3 on page 18. The pins of the 8-pin M12 connector as seen from outside the sensor are illustrated in the following figure.
Chapter 5 _______________________________________________ Wiring and Power Management Internal Wiring The 8-pin M12 connector is wired for RS-232, SDI-12, and RS-485 modes by default. The 4-wire RS-422 requires a different internal wiring (see also Table 1 on page 42). Refer to the figure below if you need to change the wiring of the M12 connector. Figure 22 0505-205 Internal Wiring The RS-232 interface can be accessed through the M12 connector using a standard PC serial port.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Wiring Using the Screw Terminals 1. Loosen the three screws at the bottom of the WMT52. 2. Pull out the bottom part of the sensor. 3. Insert the power supply wires and signal wires through the cable gland(s) in the bottom of the sensor. Cable glands are included in the optional Bushing and Grounding Kit (order code 222109). 4. Connect the wires according to Table 2 on page 45. 5.
Chapter 5 _______________________________________________ Wiring and Power Management Table 2 Screw Terminal Pin-outs for WMT52 Serial Interfaces and Power Supplies Screw Terminal Pin RS-232 SDI-12 RS-485 RS-422 1 RX2 RX+ 3 TX4 TX+ 5 RXD 6 SGND 17 HTG18 HTG+ 19 VIN20 VIN+ Data out (TxD) Data in (RxD) GND for data GND for Vh+ Vh+ (heating) GND for Vin+ Vin+ (operating) Data in/out (Tx) Data in/out (Rx) GND for data GND for Vh+ Vh+ (heating) GND for Vin+ Vin+ (operating) DataData+ DataData+ GND for
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Data Communication Interfaces Figure 24 0505-206 Data Communication Interfaces With RS-485 and RS-422 interfaces, termination resistors need to be used at both ends of the line, if data rate is 9600 Bd or higher and distance is 600 m (2000 ft) or longer. Resistor range 100 ... 180 Ω is suitable for twisted pair lines.
Chapter 5 _______________________________________________ Wiring and Power Management The termination resistors will remarkably increase power consumption during data transmission. If low power consumption is a must, a 0.1 μF capacitor needs to be connected in series with each termination resistor. Note that the RS-485 interface can be used as well with four wires (as the RS-422). The basic difference between the RS-485 and RS-422 is actually their protocol.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ consumes 12 times less. And 1 Hz sampling rate makes it further decrease to one fourth. NOTE - ASCII RS-232 Standby consumption with baud rates 4800 and higher is typically 0.24 mA. With a low baud rate selection (1200 or 2400 Bd) this is reduced to less than 0.19 mA. The jumper wires across TX+/RX+ and TX-/RX- add an extra 0.02 mA (they are necessary only in 2-wire RS-485 mode).
Chapter 5 _______________________________________________ Wiring and Power Management NOTE While in Service mode and/or while supplied through the Service port the WMT52 consumes 0.3 ... 0.6 mA more than in normal mode, when supplied through the Main port (M12 connector or screw terminals). When supplied through the Service port the minimum voltage level for reliable operation is 6V.
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Chapter 6 ________________________________________________________ Connection Options CHAPTER 6 CONNECTION OPTIONS This chapter contains instructions for configuring the communication with the sensor. Communication Protocols As soon as WMT52 has been properly connected and powered the data transmission can be started. The communication protocols available in each of the serial interfaces are shown in the following table.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE The RS-485 and RS-422 interfaces cannot be directly accessed with a standard PC terminal. They require a suitable converter. For accessing the RS-485 interface, you can use the USB RS-232/RS-485 Cable; see section Connection cables on page 52. NOTE RS-232 and SDI-12 can be accessed with a standard PC terminal, presuming that, for SDI-12, the Data in/out lines have not been combined inside WMT52.
Chapter 6 ________________________________________________________ Connection Options Installing the Driver for the USB Cable Before taking the USB cable into use, you must install the provided USB driver on your PC. When installing the driver, you must acknowledge any security prompts that may appear. The driver is compatible with Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, and Windows Vista. 1. Check that the USB cable is not connected. Disconnect the cable if you have already connected it. 2.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Service Cable Connection The USB Service Cable has a snap-on connector for the M8 connector of the service port. The service cable connection is recommended for checking and changing the device settings. When making the changes, use the Vaisala Configuration Tool or a standard PC terminal program. The USB service cable is included in the Service Pack 2, see Table 18 on page 118.
Chapter 6 ________________________________________________________ Connection Options Connection Through M12 Bottom Connector or Screw Terminal Checking/changing the device settings can also be made through the M12 bottom connector or screw terminal. Then you have to have know the communication settings of the device, have a suitable cable between the device and the host and, if needed, use a converter (for example, RS485/422 to RS-232, if the host is a PC).
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Communication Setting Commands NOTE Hereafter the commands to be typed are presented in normal text while the responses of the sensor are presented in italic. Checking the Current Communication Settings (aXU) With this command you can request the current communication settings of WMT52.
Chapter 6 ________________________________________________________ Connection Options Setting Fields a = Device address XU = Device settings command in ASCII and NMEA 0183 XXU = Device settings command in SDI-12 [A] = Address: 0 (default) ... 9, A ... Z, a ... z [M] = Communication protocol: A = ASCII, automatic a = ASCII, automatic with CRC P = ASCII, polled p = ASCII, polled, with CRC N = NMEA 0183 v3.0, automatic Q = NMEA 0183 v3.0, query (= polled) S = SDI-12 v1.3 R = SDI-12 v1.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE There are two different SDI-12 modes available for providing all the functionality of the SDI-12 v1.3 standard. The lowest power consumption is achieved with the Native SDI-12 mode (aXU,M=S), as it makes measurements and outputs data only on request.
Chapter 6 ________________________________________________________ Connection Options Changing the Communication Settings (aXU) Make the desired setting with the following command. Select the correct value/letter for the setting fields, see Setting Fields on page 57. See also the examples.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Example (ASCII and NMEA 0183, device address 0): Changing the device address from 0 to 1: 0XU,A=1 1XU,A=1 Checking the changed settings: 1XU 1XU,A=1,M=P,T=1,C=2,B=19200,D=8,P=N,S=1,L=25, N=WMT50,V=1.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages CHAPTER 7 GETTING THE DATA MESSAGES This chapter presents the general and data message commands. Each communication protocol has its own section for data message commands. For changing the message parameters, units and other settings, see Chapter 8, Sensor and Data Message Settings, on page 95. NOTE Type commands in CAPITAL letters.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ General Commands In case the error messaging is disabled (see Supervisor Message on page 101), WMT52 does not return any response message with the general commands given in ASCII and NMEA-formats. Reset (aXZ) This command is used to perform software reset on the device.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages Measurement Reset (aXZM) This command is used to interrupt all ongoing measurements of the sensor and start them from the beginning.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ ASCII Protocol This section presents the data commands and data message formats for the ASCII communication protocols. Abbreviations and Units For changing the units, see Chapter 8, Sensor and Data Message Settings, on page 95.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages The response: b where b = Device address (default = 0) = Response terminator. Example: ? 0 If more than one sensor is connected to the bus, see Appendix A, Networking, on page 121. If you need to change the device address, see Changing the Communication Settings (aXU) on page 59.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Wind Data Message (aR1) With this command you can request the wind data message. Command format: aR1 where a = Device address R1 = Wind message query command = Command terminator Example of the response (the parameter set is configurable): 0R1,Dn=236D,Dm=283D,Dx=031D,Sn=0.0M,Sm=1.0M, Sx=2.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages Supervisor Data Message (aR5) With this command you can request a supervisor data message containing self-check parameters of the heating system and power supply voltage. Command format: aR5 where a = Device address R5 = Supervisor message query command = Command terminator Example of the response (the parameter set is configurable): 0R5,Th=25.9C,Vh=12.0N,Vs=15.2V,Vr=3.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Combined Data Message (aR) With this command you can request all individual messages aR1 and aR5 with just one command. Command format: aR where a = Device address (default = 0) R = Combined message query command = Command terminator Example of the response: 0R1,Dm=027D,Sm=0.1M 0R5,Th=76.1F,Vh=11.5N,Vs=11.5V,Vr=3.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages Polling with CRC Use the same data query commands as in the previous sections but type the first letter of the command in lower case and add a correct threecharacter CRC before the command terminator. The response contains also a CRC. For more information about the CRC-computation see Appendix C, CRC-16 Computation, on page 133.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Response: atX,Use chksum GoeIU~ where a = Device address tX,Use chksum = Text prompt Goe = Correct three-character CRC for the ar1 command IU~ = Three-character CRC for the response message = Response terminator Example of the other data query commands with CRC (when the device address is 0): Supervisor query = 0r5Kcd Combined message query = 0rBVT Composite data message
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages Example (with CRC): 0r1,Sn=0.1M,Sm=0.1M,Sx=0.1MGOG 0r5,Th=25.0C,Vh=10.6#,Vs=10.8V,Vr=3.369VO]T NOTE Stop the automatic output by changing the communication protocol to polled mode (aXU,M=P). Polling commands aR1 and aR5 can be used also in ASCII automatic protocol for requesting data.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 8, Sensor and Data Message Settings, on page 95. The data is outputted when requested. In this mode all the commands presented in this chapter are available. For changing the message parameters, units and other settings, see Chapter 8, Sensor and Data Message Settings, on page 95. In the Native SDI-12 mode (aXU,M=S) the WMT52 is in idle state most of the time (power consumption < 1 mW).
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages ?!0 Acknowledge Active Command (a) This command is used to ensure that a device is responding to a data recorder or another SDI-12 device. It asks a device to acknowledge its presence on the SDI-12 bus.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The response: b where b = Device address = the new address (or the original address, if the device is unable to change it) = Response terminator Example (changing address from 0 to 3): 0A3!3 Send Identification Command (aI) This command is used to query the device for the SDI-12 compatibility level, model number, and firmware version and serial number.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages Example: 0I!013VAISALA_WMT50103Y2630000 Start Measurement Command (aM) This command asks the device to make a measurement. The measured data are not sent automatically and should be requested with a separate Send data command aD. The host device is not allowed to send any commands to other devices on the bus until the measurement is completed.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ ttt = The measurement completing time in seconds n = The number of the measured parameters available (maximum number is 9) = Response terminator NOTE For changing the message parameters, units and other settings, see Chapter 8, Sensor and Data Message Settings, on page 95. NOTE When the measurement takes less than one second, the response part two is not sent.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages The measured data is not sent automatically and it should be requested with separate Send data command aD. See Examples of aM, aC and aD Commands on page 79.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ This command has the same function as aC but a three-character CRC is added to the response data strings before . In order to request the measured data, Send data command aD should be used, see the following sections. Send Data Command (aD) This command is used to request the measured data from the device. See Examples of aM, aC and aD Commands on page 79.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages = Response terminator NOTE aD0 command can also be used to break the measurement in progress started with commands aM, aMC, aC or aCC. NOTE In SDI-12 v1.3 Continuous measurement mode (aXU,M=R) the sensor makes measurements at configurable update intervals. The aD command following the aM, aMC, aC or aCC command always returns the latest updated data.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Example 2: Start a supervisor measurement with CRC and request the data: 0MC5!00014 (measurement ready in one second and 4 parameters available) 0 (measurement completed) 0D0!0+34.3+10.5+10.7+3.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages a+ where a = Device address = The measured parameters in selected units, separated with '+' marks (or '-' marks in case of negative parameter values). The maximum number of parameters to be measured with one reqeust is 15. = Response terminator Examples (device address 0): 0R1!0+323+331+351+0.0+0.4+3.0 0R5!0+20.3+12.0+12.2+3.530 0R!0+178+288+001+15.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NMEA 0183 V3.0 Protocol This section presents the data query commands and data message formats for the NMEA 0183 v3.0 query and automatic protocols. For changing the message parameters, units and other settings, see Chapter 8, Sensor and Data Message Settings, on page 95. A two-character checksum (CRC) field is transmitted in all data request sentences.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages Acknowledge Active Command (a) This command is used to ensure that a device is responding to a data recorder or another device. It asks a sensor to acknowledge its presence on the bus.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Command format: $--WIQ,MWV*hh where $ = Start of the message -- = Device identifier of the requester WI = Device type identifier (WI = weather instrument) Q = Defines the message as Query MWV = Wind speed and direction query command * = Checksum delimiter hh = Two-character checksum for the query command. = Command terminator The response format: $WIMWV,x.x,R,y.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages Example: Typing the command $--WIQ,MWVxxx (xxx arbitrary characters) WMT52 responds $WITXT,01,01,08,Use chksum 2F*72 which tells that 2F is the correct checksum for the $--WIQ,MWV command. Example of the MWV Query: $--WIQ,MWV*2F $WIMWV,282,R,0.1,M,A*37 (Wind angle 282 degrees, Wind speed 0.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE The parameter order in the output is as shown in the parameter selection setting field, see Chapter 8, sections Setting the Fields. The response format: $WIXDR,a1,x.x1,u1,c--c1, ... ... ..an,x.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages The checksum to be typed in the query depends on the device identifier characters and can be asked from WMT52, see example below. Example: Typing the command $--WIQ,XDRxxx (xxx arbitrary characters) WMT52 responds $WITXT,01,01,08,Use chksum 2D*72 indicating that 2D is the correct checksum for the $--WIQ,XDR command.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Wind sensor data $WIXDR,A,302,D,0,A,320,D,1,A,330,D,2,S,0.1,M,0,S,0.2,M,1,S,0.2, M,2*57 Supervisor data $WIXDR,C,20.4,C,2,U,12.0,N,0,U,12.5,V,1,U,3.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages The structure of the wind sensor response message: where $ = Start of the message WI = Device type (WI = weather instrument) XDR = Transducer measurement response identifier A = Transducer id 0 type (wind direction), see the following Transducer table 302 = Transducer id 0 data (min wind direction) D = Transducer id 0 units (degrees, min wind direction) 0 = Transducer id for min wind direction A =
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The structure of the supervisor response message: where $ = Start of the message WI = Device type (WI = weather instrument) XDR = Transducer measurement response identifier C = Transducer id 2 type (temperature), see the following Transducer table 20.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages Table 8 Transducer Table Transducer Type Units Field Temperature C Angular displacement (wind direction) Wind speed A C = Celsius F = Fahrenheit D = degrees S K = km/h, M = m/s, N = knots Voltage U V = volts (also 50 % duty cycle for heating) Generic G None (null) P=percent Comments S = mph, nonstandardized1 N = not in use, F = 50% duty cycle for heating, W = full power for heating 1.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Examples: $WItXT,01,01,01,Unable to measure error*6D (wind data request when all the wind parameters were disabled from the wind message). $WITXT,01,01,03,Unknown cmd error*1F (unknown command 0XO!). $WITXT,01,01,08,Use chksum 2F*72 (wrong checksum used in MWV query command) Automatic Mode When NMEA 0183 v3.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages Automatic Composite Data Message (aR0) When automatic composite data messaging is selected, the sensor sends composite data messages at user configurable intervals. The message structure is the same as with the composite data query command aR0 and contains a user configurable set of wind and supervisor data.
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Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings CHAPTER 8 SENSOR AND DATA MESSAGE SETTINGS This chapter presents the sensor configuration and data message formatting commands for all communications protocols: ASCII, NMEA 0183 and SDI-12. Sensor and data message settings can also be done by using the Vaisala Configuration Tool software.With this software tool you can change the device and sensor settings easily in Windows® environment. See Table 18 on page 118.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Command format in ASCII and NMEA 0183: aWU Command format in SDI-12: aXWU! where a = Device address WU = Wind sensor settings command in ASCII and NMEA 0183 XWU = Wind sensor settings command in SDI-12 = Command terminator in ASCII and NMEA 0183 ! = Command terminator in SDI-12 The response in ASCII and NMEA 0183: aWU,R=[R],I=[I],A=[A],G=[G,U=[U],D=[D],N=[N],F=[F]< lf> The response in SDI
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings Setting Fields [R] = Parameter selection: This field consists of 16 bits defining the wind parameters included in the data messages. The bit value 0 disables and the bit value 1 enables the parameter.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ [G] = Wind speed max/min calculation mode: 1 or 3 seconds G =1: Traditional max/min calculation is performed both for speed and direction. G =3: Gust & lull are calculated for wind speed, while direction calculation is as it is with G =1. In the output messages, gust & lull replace the wind speed max/min values (Sx, Sn), respectively.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings Changing the Settings (aWU) You can change the following settings: - parameters included in the wind data message, - update interval, - averaging time, - wind speed max/min calculation mode, - speed unit, - direction correction, and - NMEA wind formatter. Make the desired setting with the following command. Select the correct value/letter for the setting fields, see Setting Fields on page 97.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Examples (ASCII and NMEA 0183, device address 0): You need a 20-second averaging time for wind speed and direction both in wind data and composite data message in every 60 seconds. Wind speed shall be in knots and wind direction offset +10°.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings Supervisor Message Checking the Settings (aSU) With this command you can check the current supervisor settings.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Setting Fields [R] = Parameter selection: This field consists of 16 bits defining the supervisor parameters included in the data messages. The bit value 0 disables and the bit value 1 enables the parameter.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings Example (ASCII and NMEA 0183, device address 0): 0SU 0SU,R=11110000&11000000,I=15,S=Y,H=Y Example (SDI-12, device address 0): 0XSU!0XSU,R=11110000&11000000,I=15,S=Y,H=Y Changing the Settings (aSU) You can change the following settings: - parameters included in the supervisor data message, - update interval, - error messaging on/off, and - heating control.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Example (ASCII and NMEA 0183, device address 0): Disabling the heating and error messaging: 0SU,S=N,H=N 0SU,S=N,H=N Example (SDI-12, device address 0): Changing the update interval to 10 seconds: 0XSU,I=10!0 In SDI-12 mode a separate enquiry (0XSU!) must be given to check the data content.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings Replace the maximum wind direction (Dx) and speed (Sx) with average wind direction (Dm) and average wind speed (Sm): 0WU,R=&01001000 0WU,R=11110000&01001000 Remove the heating temperature (Th) data from the composite data message, and include the information field (Id): 0SU,R=&00001000 0SU,R=11110000&00001000 The final composite data message query and response in ASCII: 0R0 0R0,Dm
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Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance CHAPTER 9 MAINTENANCE This chapter contains instructions for the basic maintenance of Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WMT52 and contact information for Vaisala Service Centers. Cleaning To ensure the accuracy of measurement results, Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WMT52 needs to be cleaned when it gets contaminated.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Factory Calibration and Repair Service Send the device to Vaisala Instruments Service Centre for calibration and adjustment, see contact information below. Vaisala Service Centers NORTH AMERICAN SERVICE CENTER Vaisala Inc., 10-D Gill Street, Woburn, MA 01801-1068, USA. Phone: +1 781 933 4500, Fax: +1 781 933 8029 E-mail: us-customersupport@vaisala.
Chapter 10 __________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting CHAPTER 10 TROUBLESHOOTING This chapter describes common problems, their probable causes and remedies, and includes contact information for technical support. Table 9 Data Validation Problem Interpretation Action Wind measurement failure. Both the speed and direction units are replaced by a # sign or the data values are irrelevant. Blockage (trash, leaves, branches, bird, snow, ice) between the wind transducers.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 10 Communication Problems Problem Interpretation Action No response to any commands. Wrong wiring or operation voltage not connected. Baud rate/start bits/parity/stop bit settings do not match between the device and the host. Check the wiring and operation voltage, see Chapter 5, Wiring and Power Management, on page 39. Connect the service cable, use the communication settings 19200,8 N,1.
Chapter 10 __________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Table 10 Communication Problems (Continued) Problem Interpretation Data messages are not in expected format. The communication protocol may not be the one you want. Action Check the communication protocol of the device by using the Vaisala Configuration Tool or any terminal with command aXU,M! (SDI-12) aXU,M (ASCII/NMEA) and change it if needed. See Chapter 6, Connection Options, on page 51.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 11 Error Messaging/Text Messages Table Text message identifier (in Text Message NMEA 0183 v3.
Chapter 10 __________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Wind Sensor Heating Control The supervisor message aSU (see Supervisor Message on page 101) shows you continuously monitored information about wind sensor heating (heating temperature Th and heating voltage Vh). The heating temperature should stay above 0 °C when the heating is on (except in extremely cold conditions where the heating power is not sufficient).
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Chapter 11 ____________________________________________________ Technical Specifications CHAPTER 11 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS This chapter provides the technical data of Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WMT52. Specifications Table 12 Performance Property Wind speed range response time available variables accuracy output resolution units available Wind direction azimuth response time available variables accuracy output resolution Measurement frame averaging time update interval Description/Value 0 ... 60 m/s 0.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 13 Inputs and Outputs Property Description/Value Operation voltage 5 ... 32 VDC1 Average current consumption minimum typical maximum Heating voltage typical ranges absolute max 0.1 mA @ 12 VDC (SDI-12 standby) 3 mA @ 12 VDC (with default measuring interval) 14 mA @ 5 VDC (with constant measurement with shortest measuring interval) Options: DC, AC, full-wave rectified AC 12 VDC ± 20 %, 1.
Chapter 11 ____________________________________________________ Technical Specifications Table 15 Electromagnetic Compatibility Applicable Standard Description Level tested Performance1 CISPR 22 CISPR 22 Radiated emissions Conducted emissions DC Electrostatic discharge RF field immunity Electric fast transient Surge Conducted RF immunity 30 Hz - 2 GHz 150 Hz - 30 MHz Class B Class B 6 kV con / 8 kV air 10 V/m 2 kV 2 kV 3 Vemf B A B B A IEC 61000-4-2 IEC 61000-4-3 IEC 61000-4-4 IEC 61000-4-5 IEC
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Options and Accessories Table 18 Options and Accessories Description Order code Service Pack 2: Vaisala Configuration Tool software and USB service cable USB service cable adapter for WXT510/ WMT50 2-meter cable with 8-pin M12 female connector 10-meter cable with 8-pin M12 female connector 10-meter extension cable with 8-pin M12 female and male connectors 40-meter cable, open ends Bushing and Grounding kit WMT52 Bottom
Chapter 11 ____________________________________________________ Technical Specifications Dimensions Figure 25 0803-045 WMT52 Dimensions in mm (inch) VAISALA ______________________________________________________________________ 119
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 26 0505-211 Mounting Kit Dimensions in mm (inch) The following numbers refer to Figure 19 on page 94: 1 = Mounting kit with adapter sleeve for ø26.
Appendix A ______________________________________________________________ Networking APPENDIX A NETWORKING Connecting Several WMT52s on the Same Bus Connecting several WMT52s on the same bus is possible in two ways: 1. Using SDI-12 serial interface and communication protocol, and 2. Using RS-485 serial interface and one of the following communication protocols: ASCII or NMEA 0183 v3.0. SDI-12 Serial Interface Wiring 1.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Communication Protocol Set the communication protocol SDI-12 v 1.3 (aXU,C=1,M=S) or SDI12 v1.3 continuous (aXU,C=1,M=R). WMT52s on the bus shall be assigned with different addresses (for example: aXU,A=0,1,2, ... ). Thereafter WMT52s on the bus do not respond to the commands not assigned to them nor to the data messages sent by the other WMT52s.
Appendix A ______________________________________________________________ Networking Communication Protocol Set the communication protocol to ASCII polled (with or without CRC) or NMEA query. When using NMEA query, the wind message should be set to XDR (aWU,N=T).
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NMEA 0183 v3.0, Query The NMEA 0183 query messages do not contain device address information. Individual query commands can thus not be directed to different devices. Instead, a specific Time Slot method can be used for receiving data from several devices on the bus, just with a single query command.
Appendix A ______________________________________________________________ Networking $WIXDR,C,25.8,C,2,U,10.7,N,0,U,10.9,V,1,U,3.360,V,2*7D For the transducer IDs, see NMEA 0183 V3.0 Protocol on page 82. The maximum transducer ID is three when WMT52 address is 0.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NMEA 0183 v3.0 Query with ASCII Query Commands You can use ASCII query commands aR1, aR5, aR, aR0 and their CRC-versions ar1, ar5, ar and ar0 also in NMEA 0183 protocol. The responses to these commands will be in standard NMEA 0183 format. and the sensors shall be assigned with different addresses (for example: aXU,A=0,1,2, ... ). The RS-485 line delays are not needed.
Appendix A ______________________________________________________________ Networking $WIXDR,V,0.000,I,1,Z,0,s,1,R,0.00,I,1,V,0.0,M,2,Z,0,s,2,R,0.0,M, 2*67 $WIXDR,C,25.8,C,3,U,10.6,N,1,U,10.9,V,1,U,3.362,V,2*78 The query for WMT52 #3 and the response: 2R $WIXDR,A,341,D,2,A,347,D,3,A,357,D,4,S,0.1,M,2,S,0.2,M,3,S,0.2, M,4*53 $WIXDR,C,23.5,C,2,C,24.3,C,3,H,49.3,P,2,P,1010.1,H, 2*5F $WIXDR,V,0.000,I,2,Z,0,s,2,R,0.00,I,2,V,0.0,M,3,Z,0,s,3,R,0.
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Appendix B __________________________________________________________ SDI-12 Protocol APPENDIX B SDI-12 PROTOCOL SDI-12 is a standard for interfacing data recorders with microprocessorbased sensors. The name stands for serial/digital interface at 1200 baud. More information of the complete SDI-12 standard text is available from the SDI-12 web-site in the following address: www.sdi-12.org.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ SDI-12 Communications Protocol SDI-12 data recorders and sensors communicate by an exchange of ASCII characters on the data line. The data recorder sends a break to wake up the sensors on the data line. A break is continuous spacing on the data line for at least 12 milliseconds. The data recorder then sends a command. The sensor, in turn, returns the appropriate response. Each command is for a specific sensor.
Appendix B __________________________________________________________ SDI-12 Protocol SDI-12 Timing Figure 27 on page 131 shows a timing diagram for a SDI-12 command and its response. The tolerance for all SDI-12 timing is ± 0.40 milliseconds. The only exception to this is the time between the stop bit of one character and the start bit of the next character. The maximum time for this is 1.66 milliseconds, with no tolerance.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE - After receiving the break and the command, the addressed sensor sets the data line to marking at 8.33 milliseconds and then sends the response (tolerance: -0.40 milliseconds.) The start bit of the first response byte must start within 15 milliseconds after the stop bit of the last byte of the command (tolerance: +0.40 milliseconds).
Appendix C ______________________________________________________ CRC-16 Computation APPENDIX C CRC-16 COMPUTATION The computation of the CRC is performed on the data response before parity is added. All operations are assumed to be on 16 bit unsigned integers. The least significant bit is on the right. Numbers preceded by 0x are in hexadecimal. All shifts shift in a zero. The algorithm is: Initialize the CRC to zero.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Encoding the CRC as ASCII Characters The 16 bit CRC is encoded to three ASCII characters by using the following algorithm: 1st character = 0x40 OR (CRC shifted right 12 bits) 2nd character = 0x40 OR ((CRC shifted right 6 bits) AND 0x3F) 3rd character = 0x40 OR (CRC AND 0x3F) The three ASCII characters are placed between the data and . Parity is applied to all three characters, if selected for the character frame.
Appendix D ________________________________________ Wind Measurement Averaging Method APPENDIX D WIND MEASUREMENT AVERAGING METHOD The following three figures represent the wind measurement averaging for different selections of communication protocol, wind measurement update interval (I) and averaging time (A). Scalar averaging is used for both wind speed and direction. NOTE Grey boxes indicate that the measurement is in progress during the corresponding second.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Case 1 I > A, all comm unication p rotocols other than SDI-12 (aXU,M=S). In this example I=5 sec and A=3 sec. A A ... ... 1 sec Case 2 I time I I < A, all comm unication p rotocols other than SDI-12 (aXU,M=S). In this example I=2 sec and A=5 sec. A A A A ... ... time 1 sec Case 3 I I I I Communication protocol SDI-12 (aXU,M=S). In this example A=3 sec. I does no t have any function in this protocol.
Appendix E ______________________________________________________ factory configurations APPENDIX E FACTORY CONFIGURATIONS The factory configurations are read-only settings which cannot be modified.
User’s Guide ______________________________________________________________________ General Unit Settings 0XF!0XF,f=11111111&11100010,o=AAC1DB1A,c=A263, i=HEL___,n=A3430012,2=2528,3=3512 Table 19 General Unit Settings Field Character Field Name Description f o Factory options Order code c Calibration date i Info n Device s/n 2 3 2.5 V reference 3.5 V reference Selection of parameters Ordering identity as delivered (10 characters) Y=2003, A, B,…=2005, 2006, 1..52 = week, 1...
Appendix E ______________________________________________________ factory configurations Supervisor Settings 0SF!0SF,t=19.8,b=17159,l=-50.0,m=4.0,h=10.0 Table 21 General Unit Settings Field Character Field Name Description t b l Heat control calibration temp. Direct ADC value of temp.diode Defrosting limit w. 50% duty cycle Heating limit w. full power Heating limit w. 50% duty cycle -50.0...+60.0 °C (calibrate to Ta) 0...4096 -100.0 ...[m] °C (default -4.0 °C) m h [l]...[h] °C(default 0.
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