Weather Transmitter WXT510 USER'S GUIDE M210470EN-C July 2005
PUBLISHED BY Vaisala Oyj Phone (int.): +358 9 8949 1 P.O. Box 26 Fax: +358 9 8949 2227 FIN-00421 Helsinki Finland Visit our Internet pages at http://www.vaisala.com/ © Vaisala 2005 No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical (including photocopying), nor may its contents be communicated to a third party without prior written permission of the copyright holder. The contents are subject to change without prior notice.
________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Contents of This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ Wind Direction Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 CHAPTER 5 WIRING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Wiring Using the Screw Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Wiring Using the 8-pin M12 Connector (Optional) . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ Start Measurement Command with CRC (aMC) . . . . . . . . 67 Start Concurrent Measurement (aC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Start Concurrent Measurement with CRC (aCC) . . . . . . . . 69 Send Data Command (aD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Examples of aM, aC and aD Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Continuous Measurement (aR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ Operating Voltage Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 CHAPTER 11 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Weather Transmitter WXT510 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 WXT510 Weather Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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________________________________________________________________________________ List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Table 11 Table 12 Table 13 Table 14 Table 15 Table 16 Table 17 Table 18 Table 19 Table 20 Screw Terminal Pin-outs for WXT510 Serial Interfaces and Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Pin-outs for WXT510 Serial Interfaces and Power Supplies . . . .
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Chapter 1 ________________________________________________________ General Information CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION This chapter provides general notes for the product. About This Manual This manual provides information for installing, operating, and maintaining the product. Contents of This Manual This manual consists of the following chapters: - Chapter 1, General Information: This chapter provides general notes for the product.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ - Chapter 6, Communication Settings: This chapter contains the instructions for making the communication settings. - Chapter 7, Getting the Data Messages: This chapter presents the general and data message commands. - Chapter 8, Sensor and Data Message Settings: This chapter presents the sensor configuration and data message formatting commands for all communications protocols: ASCII, NMEA 0183 and SDI-12.
Chapter 1 ________________________________________________________ General Information CAUTION Caution warns you of a potential hazard. If you do not read and follow instructions carefully at this point, the product could be damaged or important data could be lost. NOTE Note highlights important information on using the product. ESD Protection Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) can cause immediate or latent damage to electronic circuits.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Trademarks WINDCAP®, RAINCAP®, HUMICAP®, BAROCAP® and THERMOCAP® are registered trademarks of Vaisala. Microsoft®, Windows®, and Windows NT® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. License Agreement All rights to any software are held by Vaisala or third parties.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview CHAPTER 2 PRODUCT OVERVIEW This chapter introduces the unique features and advantages of the Vaisala Weather Transmitter WXT510.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Weather Transmitter WXT510 is a small and lightweight transmitter that offers six weather parameters in one compact package. WXT510 measures wind speed and direction, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, temperature and relative humidity. WXT510 powers up with 5 ... 30 VDC and outputs serial data with a selectable communication protocol: SDI-12, ASCII automatic & polled and NMEA 0183 with query option.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview WXT510 Transmitter Components Figure 2 0505-190 WXT510 Weather Transmitter The following numbers refer to Figure 2 on page 15: 1 = Top of the transmitter 2 = Radiation shield 3 = Bottom of the transmitter 4 = Screw cover Figure 3 0505-191 Cut Away View The following numbers refer to Figure 3 on page 15: 1 = Wind transducers (3 pcs) 2 = Precipitation sensor 3 = Pressure sensor inside the PTU module 4 = Humidity and t
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 4 0505-192 Bottom of the Transmitter The following numbers refer to Figure 4 on page 16: 1 = Alignment direction sign 2 = Service port 3 = Water tight cable gland (shown disassembled) 4 = Opening for cable gland (if unused, cover with hexagonal plug) 5 = 8-pin M12 connector for power/datacom cable (optional, cover with hexagonal plug if unused) Figure 5 0505-193 Mounting Kit (Optional) 16 _________
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Figure 6 0505-194 Service Cable (Optional) The following numbers refer to Figure 6 on page 17: 1 = Battery connector 2 = D9-connector for PC serial port 3 = Connector for WXT510 service port (press the white flap while disconnecting cable) The service cable, while connected between the service port and PC, forces the service port to RS-232 / 19200, 8, N, 1.
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Chapter 3 ______________________________________________________ Functional Description CHAPTER 3 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION This chapter describes the measurement principles and heating function of Weather Transmitter WXT510. Wind Measurement Principle The WXT510 uses Vaisala WINDCAP® sensor technology in wind measurement. The wind sensor has an array of three equally spaced ultrasonic transducers on a horizontal plane.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The wind speed is calculated from the measured transit times using the following formula: V w = 0.5 u L u 1 e t f – 1 e t r 0505-216 where: Vw = Wind speed L = Distance between the two transducers tf = Transit time in forward direction tr = Transit time in reverse direction Measuring the six transit times allows Vw to be computed for each of the three ultrasonic paths.
Chapter 3 ______________________________________________________ Functional Description Precipitation Measurement Principle The WXT510 uses Vaisala RAINCAP® sensor 2 technology in precipitation measurement. The precipitation sensor comprises of a steel cover and a piezoelectrical sensor mounted on the bottom surface of the cover. The precipitation sensor detects the impact of individual raindrops. The signals from the impact are proportional to the volume of the drops.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ - Time mode: Transmitter sends automatically a precipitation message in the update intervals defined by the user. - Polled mode: Transmitter sends a precipitation message whenever requested by the user. More information about the precipitation sensor operation modes can be found in section Precipitation Sensor on page 95.
Chapter 3 ______________________________________________________ Functional Description Heating (Optional) Heating elements located below the precipitation sensor and inside the wind transducers keeps the precipitation and wind sensors clean from snow and ice. A heating temperature sensor (Th) underneath the precipitation sensor controls the heating.
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Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation CHAPTER 4 INSTALLATION This chapter provides you with information that is intended to help you install Weather Transmitter WXT510. Unpacking Instructions Weather Transmitter WXT510 comes in a custom shipping container. Be careful when removing the device from the container. CAUTION Beware of damaging any of the wind transducers located at the top of the three antennas.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ WARNING To protect personnel (and the device), a lightning rod should be installed with the tip at least one meter above the WXT510. The rod must be properly grounded, compliant with all local applicable safety regulations. Assembling the WXT510 1. Turn out the top of the transmitter. 2. Remove the vacuum bag protecting the PTU module. 3.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Installation Procedure At the measurement site, WXT510 needs to be mounted, aligned, and connected to the data logger and the power source. Mounting Weather Transmitter WXT510 can be mounted either onto a vertical pole mast or onto a horizontal cross arm. When mounting WXT510 onto a pole mast, an optional mounting kit can be used to ease mounting.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Mounting with a Mounting Kit (Optional) 1. Insert the mounting kit adapter to the transmitter bottom in the position shown in the picture. 2. Turn the kit inside the bottom firmly until you feel that the adapter snaps into the locked position. 3. Mount the adapter to the pole mast, do not tighten the fixing screw (provided). 4. Align the transmitter in such a way that the arrow points to north. 5.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Mounting To a Horizontal Cross Arm 1. Remove the screw cover. 2. Align the horizontal cross arm in south-north-direction, see Aligning the WXT510 on page 30. In case the cross arm cannot be aligned, make the wind direction correction as instructed in section Wind Direction Correction on page 31. 3.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Aligning the WXT510 To help the alignment, there is an arrow and the text "North" on the bottom of the transmitter. WXT510 should be aligned in such a way that this arrow points to the north. Wind direction can be referred either to true north, which uses the earth’s geographic meridians, or to the magnetic north, which is read with a magnetic compass.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Compass Alignment To align Weather Transmitter WXT510, proceed as follows: 1. If the WXT510 is already mounted, loosen the fixing screw on the bottom of the transmitter so that you can rotate the device. 2. Use a compass to determine that the transducer heads of WXT510 are exactly in line with the compass and that the arrow on the bottom of WXT510 points to the north. 3.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 32 __________________________________________________________________ M210470EN-C
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________________ Wiring CHAPTER 5 WIRING This chapter provides you with instructions on how to connect the power supply and the serial interfaces. The WXT510 can be accessed through four different serial interfaces: RS-232, RS-485, RS-422 and SDI-12. Each of them can be wired either through the internal screw terminal or the 8-pin M12 connector (optional). Only one serial interface can be used at a time.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ proportion to the sampling rate, since wind measurement is the most consuming operation in the system. In most occasions the average consumption is less than 10 mA. Typically, the higher the voltage the lower the current, but with voltages above 18 V the current will gradually increase, adding to the usual consumption an extra 4 mA at 24 V (see Figure 14 on page 34).
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________________ Wiring The recommended ranges for AC or full-wave rectified AC are: 68 Vpeak-to-peak ± 20 % (max 0.6 A), for AC; - 34 Vpeak ± 20 % (max 0.6 A), for f/w rectified AC. Rin = 13 ohms @ Vin < 16 V 18 1.8 Current 16 1.6 Power 14 P [W] 2.0 Rin = 52 ohms @ Vin > 16 V 1.4 12 1.2 10 1.0 8 0.8 6 0.6 4 0.4 2 0.2 I [A] 20 - 0.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 0505-204 Figure 16 Screw Terminal Block Table 1 Screw Terminal Pin-outs for WXT510 Serial Interfaces and Power Supplies Screw Terminal Pin RS-232 SDI-12 RS-485 RS-422 1 RX2 RX+ 3 TX4 TX+ 5 RXD 6 SGND 17 HTG18 HTG+ 19 VIN20 VIN+ Data out (TxD) Data in (RxD) GND for data GND for Vh+ Vh+ (heating) GND for Vin+ Vin+ (operating) Data in/out (Tx) Data in/out (Rx) GND for data GND for Vh+ Vh+ (heating) GND for Vin+ Vin
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________________ Wiring Wiring Using the 8-pin M12 Connector (Optional) External Wiring If the WXT510 is provided with an optional 8-pin M12 connector, the connector is located on the bottom of the transmitter, see Figure 4 on page 16. The pins of the 8-pin M12 connector as seen from outside the transmitter are illustrated in the following figure.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Internal Wiring The 8-pin M12 connector is optional and hence may not be readily installed. For retrofitting, make the wiring between the connector and the screw terminal block according to one of the following pictures.
Chapter 5 ___________________________________________________________________ Wiring Chapter 6, Communication Settings, on page 41 and Figure 4 on page 16. Data Communication Interfaces Figure 19 0505-206 Data Communication Interfaces With RS-485 and RS-422 interfaces, termination resistors should be used at both ends of the line, if data rate is 9600 Bd or higher and distance is 600 m (2000 ft) or longer. Resistor range 10 ... 180 Ω is suitable for twisted pair lines.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The termination resistors will remarkably increase power consumption during data transmission. If low power consumption is a must, a 0.1 μF capacitor should be connected in series with each termination resistor. The RS-232 output swings only between 0 ... +4.5 V. This is enough for for modern PC inputs.The recommended maximum for RS-232 line length is 100 m (300 ft) with 1200 Bd data rate.
Chapter 6 ____________________________________________________ Communication Settings CHAPTER 6 COMMUNICATION SETTINGS This chapter contains the instructions for making the communication settings. Communication Protocols As soon as the WXT510 has been properly connected and powered the data transmission can be started. The communication protocols available in each of the serial interfaces are shown in the following table.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE The RS-485 and RS-422 interfaces cannot be directly accessed with a standard PC terminal. They require a suitable converter. NOTE RS-232 and SDI-12 can be accessed with a standard PC terminal, presuming that, for SDI-12, the Data in/out lines have not been combined inside the WXT510.
Chapter 6 ____________________________________________________ Communication Settings NOTE Changes in the serial interface/communication protocol/baud settings take place when disconnecting the service cable or when resetting the transmitter. If these settings are not changed during the service connection, the device will return to the serial interface/communication protocol/baud settings prior to the service connection when the service cable is disconnected.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Checking the Current Communication Settings (aXU) With this command you can request the current communication settings of the WXT510. Command format in ASCII and NMEA 0183: aXU Command format in SDI-12: aXXU! where a = Device address, which may consist of the following characters: 0 (default) ... 9, A ... Z, a ... z.
Chapter 6 ____________________________________________________ Communication Settings Setting Fields a = Device address XU = Device settings command in ASCII and NMEA 0183 XXU = Device settings command in SDI-12 [A] = Address: 0 (default) ... 9, A ... Z, a ... z [M] = Communication protocol A = ASCII, automatic a = ASCII, automatic with CRC P = ASCII, polled p = ASCII, polled, with CRC N = NMEA 0183 v3.0, automatic Q = NMEA 0183 v3.0, query (=polled) S = SDI-12 v1.3 R = SDI-12 v1.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE There are two different SDI-12 modes available for providing all the functionality of the SDI-12 v1.3 standard.SDI-12 v1.3 (aXU,M=S) is a low power mode as in it measurements and data output is made only when requested (except precipitation that is monitored continuously).In SDI-12 v1.
Chapter 6 ____________________________________________________ Communication Settings NOTE When changing the serial interface and communication protocol, note the following: Each serial interface requires its specific wiring and/or jumper settings described in Chapter 5, Wiring, on page 33. Change first the serial interface field C and then the communication protocol field M.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE You can change several parameters in the same command as long as the command length does not exceed 32 characters (including command terminator characters ! or ).You do not have to type those setting fields that are not to be changed.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages CHAPTER 7 GETTING THE DATA MESSAGES This chapter presents the general and data message commands. Each communication protocol has its own section for data message commands. For changing the message parameters, units and other settings, see Chapter 8, Sensor and Data Message Settings, on page 87. NOTE Type commands in CAPITAL letters.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Command format in SDI-12: aXZ! where a = Device address XZ = Reset command = Command terminator in ASCII and NMEA 0183 ! = Command terminator in SDI-12 The response depends on the communication protocol, see examples.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages Example (ASCII): 0XZRU 0TX,Rain reset Example (SDI-12): 0XZRU!0 (= device address) Example (NMEA 0183): 0XZRU $WITXT,01,01,10,Rain reset*26 Precipitation Intensity Reset (aZXRI) This command is used to reset the rain and hail accumulation and duration parameters Rc, Rd, Hc and Hd.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Example (SDI-12): 0XZRU!0 (= device address) Example (NMEA 0183): 0XZRU $WITXT,01,01,11,Inty reset*39 Measurement Reset (aXZM) This command is used to interrupt all ongoing measurements of the transmitter and start them from the beginning.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages ASCII Protocol, Polled (without CRC) This section presents the data commands and data message formats for the ASCII communication protocols. Abbreviations and Units For changing the units, see Chapter 8, Sensor and Data Message Settings, on page 87. Table 5 Abbreviations and Units Abbr.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Device Address (?) This command is used to query the address of the device on the bus. Command format: ? where ? = Device address query command = Command terminator The response: b where b = = Device address (default = 0) Response terminator. Example: ? 0 If more than one transmitter is connected to the bus, see Appendix A, Networking, on page 123.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages The response: a where a = = Device address Response terminator Example: 0 0 Wind Data Message (aR1) With this command you can request the wind data message. Command format: aR1 where a = R1 = = Device address Wind message query command Command terminator Example of the response (the parameter set is configurable): 0R1,Dn=236D,Dm=283D,Dx=031D,Sn=0.0M,Sm=1.0M,Sx=2.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Pressure, Temperature and Humidity Data Message (aR2) With this command you can request a pressure, temperature and humidity data message. Command format: aR2 where a = Device address R2 = Pressure, temperature and humidity message query command = Command terminator Example of the response (the parameter set is configurable): 0R2,Ta=23.6C,Ua=14.2P,Pa=1026.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages Precipitation Data Message (aR3) With this command you can request the precipitation data message. Command format: aR3 where a = Device address R3 = Precipitation message query command = Command terminator Example of the response (the parameter set is configurable): 0R3,Rc=0.0M,Rd=0s,Ri=0.0M,Hc=0.0M,Hd=0s,Hi=0.0M,Rp=0.0M, Hp=0.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Supervisor Data Message (aR5) With this command you can request a supervisor data message containing self-check parameters of the heating system and power supply voltage. Command format: aR5 where a = Device address R5 = Supervisor message query command = Command terminator Example of the response (the parameter set is configurable): 0R5,Th=25.9C,Vh=12.0N,Vs=15.2V,Vr=3.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages Combined Data Message (aR) With this command you can request all individual messages aR1, aR2, aR3 and aR5 with just one command. Command format: aR where a = Device address (default = 0) R = Combined message query command = Command terminator Example of the response: 0R1,Dm=027D,Sm=0.1M 0R2,Ta=74.6F,Ua=14.7P,Pa=1012.9H 0R3,Rc=0.10M,Rd=2380s,Ri=0.0M,Hc=0.0M,Hd=0s, Hi=0.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ ASCII Protocol, Polled (with CRC) Use the same data query commands than in the previous sections but type the first letter of the command in lower case and add a correct three-character CRC before the command terminator. The response contains also a CRC. For more information about the CRC-computation see Appendix C, CRC-16 Computation, on page 135.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages Response: 0tX,Use chksum GoeIU~ where a = Device address tX,Use chksum = Text prompt Goe = Correct three-character CRC for the 0r1 command IU~ = Three-character CRC for the response message = Response terminator Example of the other data query commands with CRC (when the device address is 0): Pressure, humidity and = temperature message query 0r2Gje Precipitation query = 0r3Kid
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Example: 0R1,Dm=027D,Sm=0.1M 0R2,Ta=74.6F,Ua=14.7P,Pa=1012.9H 0R3,Rc=0.10M,Rd=2380s,Ri=0.0M,Hc=0.0M,Hd=0s, Hi=0.0M 0R5,Th=76.1F,Vh=11.5N,Vs=11.5V,Vr=3.510V Example (with CRC): 0r1,Sn=0.1M,Sm=0.1M,Sx=0.1MGOG 0r2,Ta=22.7C,Ua=55.5P,Pa=1004.7H@Fn 0r3,Rc=0.00M,Rd=0s,Ri=0.0MIlm 0r5,Th=25.0C,Vh=10.6#,Vs=10.8V,Vr=3.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages consumption). Between the measurements power consumption is in this mode negligible. In the aXU,M=R mode the power consumption is determined by the internal update intervals of the sensors and wind averaging time. These have certain limits so very long measurement intervals can not be achieved in this mode. Also the power consumption between the measurements is not as low as in aXU,M=S mode.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Acknowledge Active Command (a) This command is used to ensure that a device is responding to a data recorder or another SDI-12 device. It asks a device to acknowledge its presence on the SDI-12 bus.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages The response: b where b = = Device address = the new address (or the original address, if the device is unable to change it) Response terminator Example (changing address from 0 to 3): 0A3!3 Send Identification Command (aI) This command is used to the query device for the SDI-12 compatibility level, model number, and firmware version and serial number.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Start Measurement Command (aM) This command asks the device to make a measurement. The measured data are not sent automatically and should be requested with a separate send data command aD. The host device is not allowed to send any commands to other devices on the bus until the measurement is completed.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages The response part 2 (indicates that the data is ready to be requested): a where a = Device address ttt = The time after which the measurement is completed (seconds) n = The number of the measured parameters available (maximum number is 9) = Response terminator NOTE For changing the message parameters, units and other settings, see Chapter 8, Sensor and Data Message Settings, on page 87.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Start Concurrent Measurement (aC) This command is used when there are several devices on the same bus and simultaneous measurements are needed from the devices. Or if more than 9 measurement parameters are requested from the single device. The measured data is not sent automatically and it should be requested with separate send data command aD. See Examples of aM, aC and aD Commands on page 70.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages NOTE For changing the message parameters, units and other settings, see Chapter 8, Sensor and Data Message Settings, on page 87. Start Concurrent Measurement with CRC (aCC) Command format: aCCx! This command has the same function than aC but a three-character CRC is added to the response data strings before . In order to request the measured data, send data command aD should be used, see the following sections.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The response: a+ where a = Device address = The measured parameters in selected units, separated with '+' marks (or - marks in case of negative parameter values). Response terminator = NOTE aD0 command can also be used to break the measurement in progress started with commands aM, aMC, aC or aCC. NOTE In SDI-12 v1.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages The device address is 0 in all examples. Example 1: Start a wind measurement and request the data (all 6 wind parameters are enabled in the message): 0M1!00036 (measurement ready in 3 seconds and 6 parameters available) 0 (measurement completed) 0D0!0+339+018+030+0.1+0.1+0.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Example 5: Start a composite measurement and request the data. The configuration of the parameter set is such that 9 parameters are available. Thus start measurement command aM can be used. Due to the response message length only 6 parameters are sent as a response to send data command aD0. Thus the remaining 3 parameters must be requested with aD1.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages Command format: aRx! where a = Device address R = Start continuous measurement command: x = The desired sensor to make the measurement. 1 = Wind 2 = Temperature, humidity, pressure 3 = Precipitation 5 = Supervisor. If x is left out, the query refers to the composite message with which the user can request data from several sensors with just one command.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Continuous Measurement with CRC (aRC) Command format: aRCx! Has the same function as the Continuous measurement command aR but a three-character CRC is added to the response data strings before . Example (device address 0): 0RC3!0+0.04+10+14.8+0.0+0+0.0INy Start Verification Command (aV) This command is used to query self diagnostic data from the device. However, the command is not implemented in the WXT510.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages The response: b where b = Device address (default = 0) = Response terminator. Example: ? 0 If more than one transmitter is connected to the bus, see Appendix A, Networking, on page 123. If you need to change the device address, see Changing the Communication Settings on page 46.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Example: 0 0 MWV Wind Speed and Direction Query Request the wind speed and direction data with a MWV query command. For using MWV query the NMEA Wind formatter parameter in the wind sensor settings shall be set to W (see section Wind Sensor on page 87). With MWV query only wind speed and direction average values can be requested.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages y.y = Wind speed value M = Wind speed unit (m/s) A = Data status: A = valid, V = Invalid * = Checksum delimiter hh = Two-character checksum for the response. = Response terminator 1. Wind direction is given in relation to the devices north-south axis. An offset value to the measured direction can be set, see Chapter 8, section Wind Sensor.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Command format: $--WIQ,XDR*hh where $ = Start of the message -- = Device identifier of the requester WI = Device type identifier (WI = weather instrument) Q = Defines the message as Query XDR = Transducer measurement command * = Checksum delimiter hh = Two-character checksum for the query command.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages an = x.xn un = = c--cn = * hh = = = Transducer type for the transducer n, see the transducer table. Measurement data from the transducer n Units of the transducer n measurement, see the transducer table. transducer n id. The WXT510's address aXU,A is added as a base number to the Transducer #ID. The address is changeable, see command aXU,A= [0 ... 9/ A ... Z/a ... z]1.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 6 Transducer IDs of the Measurement Parameters Measurement Transducer ID Wind direction min Wind direction average Wind direction max Wind speed min Wind speed average Wind speed max Pressure Air temperature Internal temperature Relative humidity Rain accumulation Rain duration Rain current intensity Hail accumulation Hail duration Hail current intensity Rain peak intensity Hail peak intensity Heating temperature
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages Precipitation data $WIXDR,V,0.02,M,0,Z,30,s,0,R,2.7,M,0,V,0.0,M,1,Z,0,s,1, R,0.0,M,1,R,6.3,M,2,R,0.0,M,3*51 Supervisor data $WIXDR,C,25.5,C,2,U,10.6,N,0,U,10.9,V,1,U,3.360,V, 2*71 The structure of the wind sensor response message: where $ WI XDR A = = = = 302 D 0 A 320 D = = = = = = 1 A 330 D 2 S 0.1 M 0 S 0.2 M 1 S 0.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The structure of the pressure, temperature and humidity sensor response message: where $ WI XDR C 23.3 C 0 C 23.3 C 1 H 50.1 P 0 P 1009.1 H 0 * 75 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Start of the message Device type (WI = weather instrument) Transducer measurement response identifier Transducer id 0 type (Temperature), see the transducer table, Table 7 on page 84.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages 0 R 2.7 M 0 V 0.0 M 1 Z 0 s 1 R 0.0 M 1 R 6.3 M 2 R 0.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ N = 0 U 10.9 V 1 U 3.360 V 2 * 71 = = = = = = = = = = = Transducer id 0 units (N = heating disabled or heating temperature too high1, Heating voltage) Transducer id for Heating voltage Transducer id 1 type (Supply voltage) Transducer id 1 data (voltage) Transducer id 1 units (V, Supply voltage) Transducer id for Supply voltage Transducer id 2 type (voltage) Transducer id 2 data (3.
Chapter 7 __________________________________________________ Getting the Data Messages TXT Text Transmission These short text messages and their interpretation are shown in Table 10 on page 112. The text transmission response format: $WITXT,xx,xx,xx,c--c*hh where $ WI TXT xx xx xx c---c * hh = = = = = = = = = Start of the message Talker identifier (WI = weather instrument) Text transmission identifier. Total number of messages, 01 to 99 Message number.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NMEA 0183 v3.0, Automatic When NMEA 0183 v3.0 automatic protocol is selected, the transmitter sends data messages at user configurable update intervals. The message format is the same as in the MWV and XDR data queries. The NMEA wind formatter parameter in the wind sensor settings determines whether the wind messages are sent in MWV or XDR format.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings CHAPTER 8 SENSOR AND DATA MESSAGE SETTINGS This chapter presents the sensor configuration and data message formatting commands for all communications protocols: ASCII, NMEA 0183 and SDI-12. Sensor and data message settings can also be done by using the WXT Configuration Tool software.With this software tool you can change the device and sensor settings easily in Windows® environment. See Table 20 on page 119.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Command format in SDI-12: aXWU! where a = Device address WU = Wind sensor settings command in ASCII and NMEA 0183 XWU = Wind sensor settings command in SDI-12 = Command terminator in ASCII and NMEA 0183 ! = Command terminator in SDI-12 The response in ASCII and NMEA 0183: aWU,R=[R],I=[I],A=[A],U=[U],D=[D],N=[N],F=[F] The response in SDI-12: aXWU,R=[R],I=[I],A=[A],U=[U],D=[D],N=[N],F=[F] wh
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings Setting Fields [R] = Parameter selection: This field consists of 16 bits defining the precipitation parameters included in the data messages. The bit value 0 disables and the bit value 1 enables the parameter.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ [F] = Sampling rate: 1, 2, or 4 Hz Defines how often the wind measurement is performed. By selecting lower sampling rate the power consumption of the device diminishes (the representativeness of the measurement decreases as well if short averaging time is used with low sampling rate). = Response terminator NOTE When using MWV wind messages in NMEA 0183, one of the R field's bits 1-6 must be 1.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings Command format in SDI-12: aXWU, R=x,I=x,A=x,U=x,D=x,N=x! where NOTE R, I, A, U, D, N = The wind sensor setting fields, see Setting Fields on page 89. x = Value for the setting = Command terminator in ASCII and NMEA 0183 ! = Command terminator in SDI-12 If averaging time [A] is greater than update interval [I], it shall be a whole multiple of the update interval and at maximum 12 times greater.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE Character '&' is not allowed in the command. The response after the change: 0R1 0R1,Dm=268D,Sm=1.8N Example (SDI-12, device address 0): Changing the measurement interval to 10 seconds: 0XWU,I=10!0 In SDI-12 mode a separate enquiry (0XWU!) must be given to check the data content.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings The response in SDI-12: aXTU,R=[R],I=[I],P=[P],H=[H] where [R][I][P][H] are the setting fields, see the following section.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Changing the Settings You can change the following settings: - parameters included in the data message, - update interval, - pressure unit, and - temperature unit. Make the desired setting with the following command. Select the correct value/letter for the setting fields, see Setting Fields on page 93. See the examples.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings Changing the update interval: 0TU,I=30 0TU,I=30 The response after the change: 0R2 0R2,Ta=23.9C,Ua=26.7P Example (SDI-12, device address 0): Changing the temperature unit to Fahrenheit: 0XTU,U=F!0 In SDI-12 mode a separate enquiry (0XTU!) must be given to check the data content.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The response in ASCII and NMEA 0183: aRU,R=[R],I=[I],U=[U],S=[S],M=[M],Z=[Z] The response in SDI-12: aXRU,R=[R],I=[I],U=[U],S=[S],M=[M],Z=[Z] where [R][I][U][S][M][Z] are the setting fields, see the following section.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings Setting Fields [R] = Parameter selection: This field consists of 16 bits defining the precipitation parameters included in the data messages. The bit value 0 disables and the bit value 1 enables the parameter.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE [M] = Autosend mode: R = precipitation on/off, C = tipping bucket, T = time based R = precipitation on/off: The transmitter sends a precipitation message 10 seconds after the first recognition of precipitation. Rain duration Rd increases in 10 s steps. Precipitation has ended when Ri = 0. This mode is used for indication of the start and the end of the precipitation.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings NOTE Changing the counter reset mode or precipitation/surface hits units also resets precipitation counter and intensity parameters. The accumulation counter resets automatically when the accumulation value exceeds 655.35 mm (or 65.535 inch).
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Examples (ASCII and NMEA 0183): Changing the precipitation units to imperial: 0RU,U=I 0RU,U=I Changing the autosend mode to the tipping bucket mode: 0RU,M=C 0RU,M=C Making the Rain amount Rc and Rain intensity Ri available both in the precipitation message and composite message: 0RU,R=1010000010100000 0RU,R=10100000&10100000 The response after the change: 0R3 0R3,Rc
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings Command format in SDI-12: aXSU! where a = Device address SU = Supervisor settings command in ASCII and NMEA 0183 XSU = Supervisor settings command in SDI-12 = Command terminator in ASCII and NMEA 0183 ! = Command terminator in SDI-12 The response in ASCII and NMEA 0183: aSU,R=[R],I=[I],S=[S],H=[Y] The response in SDI-12: aXSU,R=[R],I=[I],S=[S],H=[Y] VAISALA __________________________
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Setting Fields [R] = Parameter selection: This field consists of 16 bits defining the supervisor parameters included in the data messages. The bit value 0 disables and the bit value 1 enables the parameter.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings Example (SDI-12, device address 0): 0XSU!0XSU,R=11110000&11000000,I=15,S=Y,H=Y Changing the Settings You can change the following settings: - parameters included in the supervisor data message, - update interval, - error messaging on/off, and - heating control. Make the desired setting with the following command. Select the correct value/letter for the setting fields, see Setting Fields on page 102.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Example (SDI-12, device address 0): Changing the update interval to 10 seconds: 0XSU,I=10!0 In SDI-12 mode a separate enquiry (0XSU!) must be given to check the data content. Composite Message The parameters to be included in the composite message aR0 can be defined in the parameter selection fields of each parameter (aWU,R, aTU,R, aRU,R, and aSU,R). See parameter tables of each sensor in the previous sections.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________ Sensor and Data Message Settings Remove the accumulated rainfall (Rc) from the composite message: 0RU,R=&00000000 0RU,R=11111100&00000000 The final composite message query and response in ASCII: 0R0 0R0,Dm=009D,Sm=0.2M,Ta=23.3C,Ua=37.5P,Pa=996.
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Chapter 9 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance CHAPTER 9 MAINTENANCE This chapter contains instructions for the basic maintenance of Weather Transmitter WXT510 and contact information for Vaisala Service Centers. Cleaning To ensure the accuracy of measurement results, Weather Transmitter WXT510 should be cleaned when it gets contaminated.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 5. Connect a new PTU module (order code WXT510PTUSP), replace the top and tighten the three bottom screws. 6. Turn the power on. Figure 20 0505-208 Replacing the PTU Module Factory Calibration and Repair Service Send the device to Vaisala Instruments Service Centre for calibration and adjustment, see contact information below. Vaisala Service Centers NORTH AMERICAN SERVICE CENTER Vaisala Inc.
Chapter 10 __________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting CHAPTER 10 TROUBLESHOOTING This chapter describes common problems, their probable causes and remedies, and includes contact information for technical support. Table 8 Data Validation Problem Interpretation Action Wind measurement failure. Both the speed and direction units are replaced by a # sign or the data values are irrelevant. Blockage (trash, leaves, branches, bird nests) between the wind transducers.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 9 Communication Problems Problem Interpretation No response to any commands. Check the wiring and operation voltage, see Chapter 5, Wiring, on page 33. Connect the service cable, use the communication settings 19200,8 N,1. Check the serial port settings of the device with Configuration Tool or with terminal program. Use command aXU! (SDI-12) or aXU (ASCII/NMEA). Change the values if needed.
Chapter 10 __________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Table 9 Communication Problems (Continued) Problem Interpretation Action Data messages are not in expected format. The communication protocol may not be the one you want. Some parameters are missing from the data messages. The formatting of the data messages is not what you expect.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 10 Error Messaging/Text Messages Table Text Message Identifier (in NMEA 0183 v3.
Chapter 10 __________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Rain and Wind Sensor Heating Control The supervisor message aSU (see Supervisor Message on page 100) shows you continuously monitored information about rain and wind sensor heating (heating temperature Th and heating voltage Vh). The heating temperature should stay above 0 °C when the heating is on (except in extremely cold conditions where the heating power is not sufficient).
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Chapter 11 ____________________________________________________ Technical Specifications CHAPTER 11 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS This chapter provides the technical data of Weather Transmitter WXT510. Performance Table 11 Barometric Pressure Property Description/Value Range Accuracy Output resolution Units available 600 ... 1100 hPa ±0.5 hPa at 0 ... 30 °C (+32 ... +86 °F) ±1 hPa at -52 ... +60 °C (-60 ...
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ °C 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 °C -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0505-209 Figure 21 Accuracy Over Temperature Range Table 13 Relative Humidity Property Description/Value Range Accuracy 0 ... 100 %RH ±3 %RH at 0 ... 90 %RH ±5 %RH at 90 ... 100 %RH 0.
Chapter 11 ____________________________________________________ Technical Specifications Table 15 Precipitation Property Description/Value Rainfall cumulative accumulation after the latest auto or manual reset 60 cm2 0.01 mm (0.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Inputs and Outputs Table 16 Inputs and Outputs Property Description/Value Operation voltage 51 ... 30 VDC Average power consumption minimum maximum typical Heating voltage recommended ranges 0.07 mA @ 12 VDC (SDI-12) 13 mA @ 30 VDC (constant measurement of all parameters) 3 mA @ 12 VDC (with default measuring intervals) options: DC, AC, full-wave rectified AC 12 VDC ± 20 %, 1.1 A max 24 VDC ± 20 %, 0.
Chapter 11 ____________________________________________________ Technical Specifications Materials Table 18 Materials Property Description/Value Radiation shield, top, and bottom parts Precipitation sensor plate Weight Polycarbonate + 10 % glass fibre Stainless steel (AISI 316) 650 g (1.43 lbs.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Dimensions Figure 22 0505-210 WXT510 Dimensions in mm [inches] 120 _________________________________________________________________ M210470EN-C
Chapter 11 ____________________________________________________ Technical Specifications Figure 23 0505-211 Mounting Kit Dimensions The following numbers refer to Figure 23 on page 112: 1 = Mounting kit with adapter sleeve for ø26.
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Appendix A ______________________________________________________________ Networking APPENDIX A NETWORKING Connecting Several WXT510s on the Same Bus Connecting several WXT510s on the same bus is possible in two ways: 1. Using SDI-12 serial interface and communication protocol, and 2. Using RS-485 serial interface and one of the following communication protocols: ASCII or NMEA 0183 v3.0. SDI-12 Serial Interface Wiring 1.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Communication Protocol Set the communication protocol SDI-12 v 1.3 (aXU,C=1,M=S) or SDI12 v1.3 continuous (aXU,C=1,M=R). The WXT510s on the bus shall be assigned with different addresses (for example: aXU,A=0,1,2, ... ). Thereafter the WXT510s on the bus do not respond to the commands not assigned to them nor to the data messages sent by the other WXT510s.
Appendix A ______________________________________________________________ Networking Communication Protocol Set the communication protocol SDI-12 v1.3 (aXU,C=1,M=S) or SDI12 v1.3 continuous (aXU,C=1,M=R). The WXT510s on the bus shall be assigned with different addresses (for example, aXU,A=0,1,2, ... ). Thereafter the WXT510s on the bus do not respond to the commands not assigned to them nor to the data messages sent by the other WXT510s.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ ASCII, Polled The WXT510s on the bus shall be assigned with different addresses. (for example: aXU,A=0,1,2, ... ).
Appendix A ______________________________________________________________ Networking Example (A bus with three WXT510s): WXT510 #1 communication settings: 0XU,A=0,M=Q,C=3,B=4800,D=8,P=N,S=1,L=25 WXT510 #2 communication settings: 0XU,A=0,M=Q,C=3,B=4800,D=8,P=N,S=1,L=1000 WXT510 #3 communication settings: 0XU,A=0,M=Q,C=3,B=4800,D=8,P=N,S=1,L=2000 Now, when the XDR-query command $--WIQ,XDR*2D is sent, the WXT510 #1 responds after 25 ms, the WXT510 #2 after 1000 ms and the WXT510 #3 responds after 2000 m
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The second transmitter (address 4): $WIXDR,A,330,D,4,A,331,D,5,A,333,D,6,S,0.1,M,4,S,0.1,M, 5,S,0.2,M,6*55 $WIXDR,C,23.5,C,4,C,24.3,C,4,H,49.3,P,4,P,1010.1,H, 3*59 $WIXDR,V,0.000,I,4,Z,0,s,4,R,0.00,I,4,V,0.0,M,5,Z,0,s,5, R,0.0,M,5*67 $WIXDR,C,25.8,C,6,U,10.6,N,4,U,10.9,V,5,U,3.362,V, 6*78 The third transmitter (address 8): $WIXDR,A,341,D,8,A,347,D,9,A,357,D,10,S,0.1,M,8,S,0.2,M, 9,S,0.
Appendix A ______________________________________________________________ Networking Example (A bus with three WXT510s.
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Appendix B __________________________________________________________ SDI-12 Protocol APPENDIX B SDI-12 PROTOCOL SDI-12 is a standard for interfacing data recorders with microprocessorbased sensors. The name stands for serial/digital interface at 1200 baud. More information of the complete SDI-12 standard text is available from the SDI-12 web-site in the following address: www.sdi-12.org.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ SDI-12 Communications Protocol SDI-12 data recorders and sensors communicate by an exchange of ASCII characters on the data line. The data recorder sends a break to wake up the sensors on the data line. A break is continuous spacing on the data line for at least 12 milliseconds. The data recorder then sends a command. The sensor, in turn, returns the appropriate response. Each command is for a specific sensor.
Appendix B __________________________________________________________ SDI-12 Protocol SDI-12 Timing Figure on page shows a timing diagram for a SDI-12 command and its response. The tolerance for all SDI-12 timing is ±0.40 milliseconds. The only exception to this is the time between the stop bit of one character and the start bit of the next character. The maximum time for this is 1.66 milliseconds, with no tolerance.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE - After a sensor transmits the last character of a response, it must relinquish control of the data line within 7.5 milliseconds (tolerance: +0.40 milliseconds.) - No more than 1.66 milliseconds of marking are allowed between the end of the stop bit and the start bit (for example between characters) on any characters in the command or the response (no tolerance.
Appendix C ______________________________________________________ CRC-16 Computation APPENDIX C CRC-16 COMPUTATION The computation of the CRC is performed on the data response before parity is added. All operations are assumed to be on 16 bit unsigned integers. The least significant bit is on the right. Numbers preceded by 0x are in hexadecimal. All shifts shift in a zero. The algorithm is: Initialize the CRC to zero.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Encoding the CRC as ASCII Characters The 16 bit CRC is encoded to three ASCII characters by using the following algorithm: 1st character = 0x40 OR (CRC shifted right 12 bits) 2nd character = 0x40 OR ((CRC shifted right 6 bits) AND 0x3F) 3rd character = 0x40 OR (CRC AND 0x3F) The three ASCII characters are placed between the data and . Parity is applied to all three-characters, if selected for the character frame.
Appendix D ________________________________________ Wind Measurement Averaging Method APPENDIX D WIND MEASUREMENT AVERAGING METHOD The following three figures represent the wind measurement averaging for different selections of communication protocol, wind measurement update interval (I) and averaging time (A). Scalar averaging is used for both wind speed and direction. For direction, zero degree crossing, when present, is taken correctly into account in averaging.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Case 1 I > A, all other communication protocols than SDI-12 (aXU,M=S). In this example I=5 sec and A=3 sec. A A ... ... 1 sec Case 2 I time I I < A, all other communication protocols than SDI-12 (aXU,M=S). In this example I=2 sec and A=5 sec. A A A A ... ... time 1 sec Case 3 I I I I Communication protocol SDI-12 (aXU,M=S). In this example A =3 sec. I does not have any function in this protocol. A A ...
Appendix D ________________________________________ Wind Measurement Averaging Method NOTE Grey boxes indicate that the measurement is in progress during the corresponding second. Update (= internal calculation) is always made in the end of the update interval. In the auto sending protocols (ASCII automatic (+ CRC) and NMEA automatic) outputting the data messages is synchronized to take place immediately after the update.
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