SOLDERLESS EDUCATIVE STARTERBOX Demo's on 12+
VELLEMAN NV Legen Heirweg 33 9890 Gavere Belgium Europe www.velleman.be www.velleman-kit.
11 exciting projects which you can actually use. Projects featured in this box: LED with push button* ................................................................. Light a LED when a pushbutton is pressed (pag.10) A transistor as cuurent amplifier* .................................................................. Light a LED using a transistor (pag.12) Astable multivibrator** ......................................................................................... Let LEDs flash alternately (pag.
Parts supplied with this kit: Breadboard The breadboard will hold all your experiments. The white lines show how the holes are electrically connected with eachother (Velleman part# SDAD102) Resistors R1 100 pag. 4 Various resistor values are supplied. They serve as current limiters or as voltage dividers. Resistors do not have a polarity. Resistors values are indicated by means of coloured rings. The unit of resistance is called ’Ohm’. ( see colour code table in the package) www.vellemanprojects.
Capacitors A capacitor is almost like a small battery, it can be charged using a power supply. Mostly used to stabilise or to filter out unwanted voltages. The unit is Farad: practical values are in µF, nF or pF. The supplied capacitor is an Electrolytic capacitor of 10µF and has a polarity, the long lead = + C... C... (Velleman part# 10J0E) Green & red LED How to bend the leads: A LED is a Light Emitting Diode, it can emit light using a small current (max 20mA with a 1.8V drop).
Push button A push button will conduct current when pushed and interrupt the current when released. (Velleman part# D6) Inside connection The supplied button has 4 connections, but only 2 are used. 2 are interconnected. Buzzer A buzzer produce a signalling sound to alert for a dangerous situation, timer confirmation, a button is pressed, ... The pitch of the buzzer can't be changed because the frequency of the oscillator is fixed. (Velleman part# SV3) pag. 6 www.vellemanprojects.
Transistors C A transistor is an amplification device. By means of a small current, a much larger current is controlled. Transistors come in two flavours, NPN and PNP-types, depending on the polarity. With this kit, you receive a BC557 (PNP) and a BC547 (NPN) transistor. A transistor has 3 pins: Base, Emitter and Collector. E (Velleman part# BC557B, BC547B) BC547 C B E B NPN LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) BC557 E B C C B PNP www.vellemanprojects.
Flatcable 8x Including in this box you can find a multi-core cable. The wires must be separated from each other before use. This can be done using a wire-cutter or pair of scissors. Use the separate wires to connect components (indicated in the drawing by a thick black line) Velleman part# FC8) pag. 8 www.vellemanprojects.
PROJECTS www.vellemanprojects.com Pag.
Project 1: LED with push button As long as the push button is pressed the led will light * RED 9V 1K *Not included Flat side, shortest leg = (-) pag. 10 www.vellemanprojects.
Required parts: 9V battery*, 1000 ohm resistor (brown black red ), red LED, push-button How it works: As long as the push button is pressed, a closed circuit is formed that makes the current flow and the LED lights up. Current flows from the (+) of the battery to the push-button, resistor, (+) of the LED and via the (-) of the LED back to the battery. Using a 1000ohm resistor the current will be about 0.007A (7mA).
Project 2: Transistor acting as current amplifier Light up a LED using a transistor, use your finger as a switch * Jumper wire *Not included 1K 9V 1K K 47 C B E pag. 12 www.vellemanprojects.
Required parts: 9V battery*, 1K resistor (brown black red gold), 470K resistor (yellow purple yellow gold), red LED, BC547 transistor, wire jumper. How it works: In this circuit, the small current flowing through your finger will be amplified by the transistor. The base current that runs via your finger and resistor R1, is amplified by transistor T1. The amplified current flows through the LED and R2 making the LED lit. R3 will prevent the transistor for unwanted functioning.
Project 3: Astable multivibrator (flashing LEDs) Let LEDs flash alternately ** 100K 9V 1K C1 1K *Not included C2 C WATCH THE CAPACITOR POLARITY pag. 14 100K B C E B E www.vellemanprojects.
Required parts: 9V battery*, 2x 1K resistor (brown black red gold), 2x 100K resistor (brown black yellow gold), 2x red LED, 2 x BC547 transistors, 2x 10µF electrolytic capacitors How it works: The 2 transistors alternately conduct because the capacitors are charged and discharged. The speed at which this happens depends on the capacitors (C1, C2) and the resistors (R1, R2). Use a higher capacitor and resistor value in order to extend the LED lighting time.
Project 4: Simple burglar alarm with LED indication and sound. Make an alarm signal sound when the circuit is interrupted... ** 9V 100K 1K C B *Not included E 0,5m supplied wire pag. 16 www.vellemanprojects.
Required parts: 9V battery*, 1K resistor (brown black red gold), 100K resistor (brown black yellow gold), red LED, BC547 transistor, buzzer, 0,5m supplied wire. How it works: An alarm sounds when the normally closed security circuit (here indicated as ‘WIRE’) is interrupted. Replace this normally closed circuit (WIRE) by a normally closed window or door switch; when e.g. the window is opened the contact within the window switch is interrupted, the security circuit is opened and the buzzer sounds.
Project 5: Light detector Switch on a LED when there is sufficient light ** 10K 9V 1K 10K B C *Not included pag. 18 E www.vellemanprojects.
Required parts: 9V battery*, 1K resistor (brown black red gold), 2x 10K resistor (brown black orange gold), red LED, BC547 transistor, LDR. How it works: A LED lights up when enough light hits the LDR. The LDR is a light sensitive resistor (Light Dependent Resistor), in dark conditions it has a high resistance, and in light conditions its resistance becomes low. Across the LDR is a positive potential which is fed to the base of the transistor enabling it to switch.
Project 6: polarity tester. Check the polarity of a battery * GREEN RED 9V Jumper wire 1K *Not included pag. 20 www.vellemanprojects.
Required parts: 9V battery*, 1K resistor (brown black red gold), red LED, green LED, wire jumper How it works: When the 9V battery is connected to the circuit with the right polarity the green LED (good) will light up. Current can flow from the "+" of the battery through the green LED and via the resistor back to the "–" of the battery. The red LED (wrong) will not light up as it is polarised in the opposite direction.
Project 7: Start-stop circuit. Control a LED using 2 pushbuttons *** E T2 B C 1K 1K 9V 1K 10K C Jumper wire T1 B E *Not included SW2 SW1 Jumper wire Jumper wire pag. 22 www.vellemanprojects.
Required parts: 9V battery*, 3 x1K resistor (brown black red gold), 10K resistor (brown black orange gold), red LED, 2 x push-button, 1x BC547 transistor, 1x BC557 transistor, 5 x wire jumper How it works: The “START” button will light up the LED; it will remain on when the pushbutton is released. To switch off the LED, press the “STOP” button. T1 and T2 are in state of rest (OFF, no current). By pressing the “START” button a current flows via R4 through the LED.
Project 8: Timer circuit. Make a LED switch off after a certain time *** C E Jumper wire B 9V 1K 100K C Jumper wire B E 10µF *Not included Jumper wire pag. 24 10M www.vellemanprojects.
Required parts: 9V battery*, 1K resistor (brown black red gold), 100K resistor (brown black orange gold), 1M resistor (brown black green gold), Red LED, push-button, 2x BC547 transistor, 10µF electrolytic capacitor, 3 x wire jumper How it works: When pushing the push button shortly, the LED will turn on and after a while it will go out.
Project 9: Light switch Make a LED switch on when it becomes dark *** 10K 9V 1k 1k *Not included 10µF E C E C B B 10K 100 100K Jumper wire pag. 26 www.vellemanprojects.
Required parts: 9V battery*, 100 ohm resistor (brown black brown gold), 2 x 1K resistor (brown black red gold), 2 x 10K resistor (brown black orange gold), 100K resistor (brown black yellow gold), 2x BC547 transistor, 10µF electrolyte capacitor, LDR, Red LED, 2x wire jumper How it works: This circuit will make a LED switch on when it becomes darker. Transistors T1 and T2 form a Schmitttrigger circuit. The output of a Schmitt trigger is switched over at a certain voltage at the input (the trigger level).
wire Project 10: Water alarm Make a liquid level trigger an alarm ** 10K 9V MAX B *Not included C E C B 470K Do not use a flammable substance pag. 28 E www.vellemanprojects.
Required parts: 9V battery, 10K resistor (brown black orange gold), 470K resistor (yellow purple yellow gold), buzzer, 2x BC547 transistor, 2 wires How it works: The 2 sensor wires must be placed in a tank at a certain distance (e.g. use a drinking cup). Fill up the tank with a conducting liquid (e.g. water) until the level reaches both sensor wires. A small current will flow via R2 towards the base of T2. The base is protected against interference with a resistor R1.
Project 11: Running light with 3 LEDs Make 3 LEDs without control light up successively 1K 100K 1K 100K 1K Jumper wire Jumper wire 9V 100K *** *Not included C B E pag. 30 C B E C B E www.vellemanprojects.
Required parts: 9V battery*, 3x1K resistor (brown black red gold), 3x100K resistor (brown black yellow gold), 3 x red LED, 3x BC547 transistor, 3x10µF electrolytic capacitor, 2x wire jumper This circuit makes each LED light up shortly in succession. The circuit consists of 3 identical channels. It is theoretically possible to expand; per LED a similar circuit is needed in series with the previous. The capacitor of the next channel is charged when the transistor of the previous channel is not conducting.
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