ENGLISH Lynx Smart BMS rev 01 05/2021
Lynx Smart BMS Table of Contents 1. Safety Precautions ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Safety Warnings Lynx Distribution System ............................................................................... 1 1.2. Transport and Storage ...................................................................................................... 1 2. Introduction ..............................................................
Lynx Smart BMS 8. Operation Lynx Smart BMS ...................................................................................................... 26 8.1. Powering up ................................................................................................................ 8.2. BMS operation ............................................................................................................. 8.3. Lynx Smart BMS behavior sequences ................................................................
Lynx Smart BMS 1. Safety Precautions 1.1. Safety Warnings Lynx Distribution System • Do not work on live busbars. Ensure that the busbar is unpowered by disconnecting all positive battery poles prior to removing the Lynx front cover. • Work on batteries should be carried out by qualified personnel only. Observe the battery safety warnings as listed in the battery manual. 1.2. Transport and Storage Store this product in a dry environment. The storage temperature should be: -40°C to +65°C.
Lynx Smart BMS 2. Introduction 2.1. The Lynx Smart BMS The Lynx Smart BMS is a dedicated Battery Management System for Victron Lithium Smart Batteries. It contains a positive and a negative busbar, a BMS, a contactor and a battery monitor. It is part of the Lynx Distribution system. The Lynx Smart BMS has a status LED and a Bluetooth LED. The Lynx Smart BMS can communicate via Bluetooth with the VictronConnect app and can communicate via VE.Can with an GX device.
Lynx Smart BMS GX devices: Cerbo GX & GX Touch, CCGX and Venus GX 2.4. Lithium Smart Batteries The Lynx Smart BMS is a dedicated BMS for the Victron Energy range of Lithium Smart batteries. These batteries are lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries and are available in 12.8V or 25.6V and in a variety of capacities. They can be connected in series, parallel and series/parallel so a battery bank for system voltages of 12V, 24V or 48V can be created. Up to four 12.8V batteries or two 25.
Lynx Smart BMS 3. Features 3.1.
Lynx Smart BMS When the Lynx Smart BMS is switched off the following happens: • The ATC (allowed to charge) and ATD (allowed to discharge) signals are turned off, so that all loads and chargers are turned off. • When the battery current is low enough the contactor will open so that the DC system is disconnected from the batteries. • The AUX terminal will de-power so that a connected GX device will also de-power. • The Lynx Smart BMS goes into hibernation mode. • Bluetooth will remain active.
Lynx Smart BMS Note that the first series of Lithium Smart batteries (up until 2019/2020) do not feature the pre-alarm signal. For those, the Lynx Smart BMS can still generate the pre-alarm warning 30 seconds prior to disabling the loads. There is a setting that controls this, see the Pre-alarm related setting in the Configuration chapter for details.
Lynx Smart BMS Programmable relay functionality The programable relay is an SPDT relay, this means that it has 3 contacts: • Common (COM) • Normally open (NO) • Normally closed (NC) The relay makes contact between COM and NC when the relay is not active, and makes contact between COM and NO when the relay is active, as per below image. NC COM NC COM NO User relay not active NO User relay active Programmable relay functionality 3.9.
Lynx Smart BMS 4. Communication and interfacing 4.1. The VictronConnect App The VictronConnect App communicates via Bluetooth. It is used for changing settings, monitoring the Lynx Smart BMS and up to 4 connected Lynx Distributors. For more information on the VictronConnect App see the VictronConnect manual. 4.2. GX Device The Lynx Smart BMS can be connected to a GX device via VE.Can. The GX device will show all measured parameters, operational state, battery SoC and alarms. 4.3.
Lynx Smart BMS 4.6. Actions taken when certain battery conditions occur Battery condition Allowed to discharge signal Allowed to charge signal High Low The charge current is reduced by lowering the charge voltage to battery voltage minus 0.15V. This will reduce the charge current to 0A. The battery is signalling a low voltage pre-alarm. High High This is user selectable. Can be set to reduce the discharge current to 0A, or to take no action. A battery cell voltage is too low.
Lynx Smart BMS For more information see the NMEA2000 & MFD integration guide.
Lynx Smart BMS 5. System Design 5.1. Lynx distribution system parts A Lynx distribution system consists of a single Lynx Smart BMS module. Then, single, multiple or a combination of Lynx Distributor modules and/or Lynx Power In modules are added. Together they form a continuous negative and positive busbar with DC connections and, depending on the configuration, integrated fuses, a battery monitor and/or lithium battery management. 5.1.1.
Lynx Smart BMS From battery bank To DC system, All DC loads and DC charge sources Example of Lynx module orientation: the batteries connect to the left side and all loads and chargers connect on the right side The Lynx modules can be mounted in any orientation. Should they be mounted upside down, so that the text on the front of the units is upside down as well, use the special stickers are included with each Lynx module, so that the text is orientated the correct way.
Lynx Smart BMS GX touch 50 Inverter/charger Cerbo GX VE.Bus VE.Can VE.Direct Solar charger Lynx Distributor Lynx Smart BMS RJ10 cable Lynx Distributor RJ10 cable DC loads BatteryProtect BMS cables Allowed to discharge signal 2 batteries in parallel System with Lithium batteries, Lynx Smart BMS and two Lynx Distributors 5.1.4. System example - Lynx Smart BMS, 1x Lynx Distributor and lithium batteries It is possible to connect the lithium battery directly to the input of a Lynx Smart BMS.
Lynx Smart BMS 5.1.5. System Example - Lynx Smart BMS only For a very slim line system, the Lynx Smart BMS can be used just by itself. This is usefull if the system contains a single Lithium battery or a single series string of lithium batteries together with a simple DC system. Figure 1. Lynx Smart BMS Fuse BatteryProtect DC System BMS cables Allowed to discharge signal System with a Lynx Smart BMS, without other Lynx modules. 5.2. System sizing 5.2.1.
Lynx Smart BMS 5.2.3. Cabling The current rating of the wires or cables used to connect the Lynx Smart BMS to batteries and/or the DC loads has to be rated for the maximum currents that can occur in the connected circuits. Use cabling with a sufficient core surface area to match the maximum current rating of the circuit. For more information on cabling and cable thickness calculations see our book, Wiring Unlimited.
Lynx Smart BMS 6. Installation 6.1. Mechanical connections 6.1.1. Lynx module connection features The Lynx module can be opened up by unscrewing 2 cover screws. The contacts on the left side are covered by a removable rubber sleeve. Red is the positive busbar and black is the negative busbar. Cover screw Cover screw Removable sleeve Positive busbar Removable sleeve Negative busbar Location of front cover screws and the removable sleeves 6.1.2.
Lynx Smart BMS Figure 2. Connection sequence when connecting two Lynx modules M8 bolt M8 Spring washer Lynx module M8 Washer Lynx module Correct placement of the M8 washer, spring washer and nut. 6.2. Electrical connections 6.2.1. Connect DC wires This chapter might not apply if the Lynx module is connected to other Lynx modules, like can be the case for the Lynx Smart BMS or the Lynx Shunt VE.Can.
Lynx Smart BMS • Feed the RJ10 cable through the recess at the bottom of the Lynx Distributor, see above picture. • To connect to a Lynx Smart BMS, plug the RJ10 cable into the RJ10 connector at the bottom of the Lynx Smart BMS. Connection example Lynx Smart BMS system - RJ10 cables indicated in yellow 6.2.3. Connect BMS cables Connect the BMS cables from the Lithium battery to the BMS connectors on the Lynx Smart BMS.
Lynx Smart BMS Pin Name Type Function The negative (ground) connection to power auxiliary devices, like a GX device.
Lynx Smart BMS GX device power cables VE.Can RJ45 terminator RJ45 UTP cable VE.Can RJ45 terminator Wiring example Lynx Smart BMS and GX device RJ45 VE.Can connectors Location VE.Can connectors Lynx Smart BMS 6.3. Configuration and settings 6.3.1. Power up for the first time The Lynx Smart BMS will power up when a battery is connected to the battery terminals and the remote on/off switch is turned on (or the wire loop is placed in the remote on/off connections).
Lynx Smart BMS • Navigate to the product settings by clicking the "cog" • Click on the "3 dots" symbol in the top right hand of the product status screen. symbol in the top right hand of the settings screen. • Select "Product info" from the pop-up menu. • The firmware version will be displayed. It is mentioned if this is the latest firmware version (or not). If a newer firmware version is available, an "UPDATE" button will be displayed. • To update the firmware, press the "UPDATE" button.
Lynx Smart BMS VictronConnect setting Lynx Smart BMS 6.3.4. Battery monitor settings This chapter explains all battery monitor settings. In addition to this we also have a video available explaining these settings and how the interact with each other to achieve accurate battery monitoring for both lead-acid and lithium batteries. https://www.youtube.
Lynx Smart BMS Battery capacity This parameter is used to tell the battery monitor how big the battery is. This setting should already have been done during the initial installation. The setting is the battery capacity in Amp hours (Ah). Default setting Range Step size 200 Ah 1 - 9999 Ah 1 Ah Charged voltage The battery voltage must be above this voltage level to consider the battery as fully charged.
Lynx Smart BMS SoC cycle end The state of charge cycle end setting is used to ...... This setting is fixed at 90%. SoC cycle The state of charge cycle setting is used to ...... This setting is fixed at 65%. SoC full discharge The state of charge full discharge setting is used to ...... This setting is fixed at 5%. 6.3.5. Settings Lynx Distributor These instructions only apply if the system contains one or more Lynx Distributors. Each Lynx distributor must be addressed and set to A, B, C or D.
Lynx Smart BMS 7. Commissioning the Lynx Smart BMS Commissioning sequence: Check polarity of all battery cables. Check cross sectional area of all battery cables. Check that each battery has the most up to date firmware. Check that if batteries have been connected in series, that each battery has been fully pre-charged (refer to battery manual). Check if all battery cable lugs have been crimped correctly. Check if all battery cable connections are tight (don’t exceed maximum torque).
Lynx Smart BMS 8. Operation Lynx Smart BMS 8.1. Powering up The Lynx Smart BMS will power up when a battery is connected to the battery terminals and the remote on/off switch is turned on (or the wire loop is placed in the remote on/off terminal). The power up sequence follows these steps: • System check: A self-check together checking the connected batteries and Lynx Distributor modules. • Pre-charge loads: The pre-charge circuit prevents very high inrush currents that can damage the contactor.
Lynx Smart BMS • The battery voltage is higher than 12.8V (25.6V). • The Lynx Smart BMS is switched off and then back on again via the remote on/off switch. Standby switch via the VictronConenct app This is a "soft" remote switch and is accessible via the VictronConnect app. When the Lynx Smart BMS has been switched to standby mode, the contactor will be opened and the DC system will be disconnected. Bluetooth, VE.Can and the AUX port will remain active.
Lynx Smart BMS Normal power-up sequence Below chart indicates the stages the BMS goes through when the BMS is switched on via the remote on/off switch, VictronConect app or GX device.
Lynx Smart BMS Discharge and shutdown sequence Below chart indicates the stages the BMS goes through when the battery is discharged until the battery under voltage alarm is activated. The cell voltages in this chart are the default voltages. Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Running BMS state Running This stage lasts at least 30 seconds Running Discharging Discharging Discharging Battery cell voltage All battery cells are above the 3.1V pre-alarm threshold One or more battery cells drop below the 3.
Lynx Smart BMS Very deep discharge and shutdown sequence after loads were not disabled by the ATD signal Note that this sequence describes an atypical situation that does not occur in a correctly configured system. Below chart indicates the stages the BMS goes through when the battery is discharged very deep, well past the moment when the battery under voltage alarm was activated. This situation occurs when not all loads are not disabled by the ATD signal.
Lynx Smart BMS Very deep discharge and shutdown sequence after an already discharged battery is left uncharged for too long Note that this sequence describes an atypical situation that does not occur in a correctly configured system. Below chart indicates the stages the BMS goes through when an already discharged battery is left too long without being discharged. The self consumption of the BMS and other system parts will eventually drain the battery.
Lynx Smart BMS Hibernation recovery sequence after a low voltage shutdown Below chart follows the stages the BMS goes through after the BMS has entered hibernation due to a low voltage shutdown and a charge source is manually turned on. For more information how to charge the battery in this situation, see the Emergency powerup [38] chapter. The chart starts when the BMS is in hibernation mode and finishes when the battery has left the low voltage state.
Lynx Smart BMS Recovery sequence after low voltage shutdown Below chart follows the stages the BMS goes through when the battery is charged. The chart starts when the battery has a low cell voltage alarm and finishes when the battery has been recharged. Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 BMS state Operational Operational Operational Battery stage Discharged Charging Charging Battery cell voltages One or more battery cells are below the 2.
Lynx Smart BMS Balancing sequence This chart indicates the stages the BMS goes through when the battery is charging a battery with unbalanced cells, until all battery cells are balanced balanced and the battery is fully charged. Note that during the balancing process the battery charger might be turned off repeatedly, repeating step 3 and 4 until the cell imbalance has been rectified.
Lynx Smart BMS • Minimise the time the batteries spend in a far discharged state as much as possible. • The batteries need to spend at least 2 hours in absorption charge mode each month to ensure sufficient time in balancing mode. • When leaving the system unattended for some time, make sure to either keep the batteries charged during that time, or make sure the batteries are (almost) full and then disconnect the DC system from the battery. Do this by disconnecting the positive battery pole. 8.6.
Lynx Smart BMS Lynx Smart BMS status VictronConnect If the Lynx Smart BMS is connected to a GX device it can be monitored via the GX device and the VRM portal. This also includes receiving alarms signals. Lynx Smart BMS alarms on the VictronConnect App and GX device This is a list of the alarm and error codes. For an explanation of these alarms and what to do on case of one of these errors or alarms, consult the Troubleshooting and Support chapter [39].
Lynx Smart BMS Table 2. Lynx Smart BMS warning codes VictronCo nnect code GX device code Description W-B01 Low cell voltage Low cell voltage Charge the battery or reduce the load to prevent an imminent system shutdown. W-B02 #105 or #106 High current Reduce the current to prevent an imminent system shutdown. Do this by reducing the load or by turning loads off. Instructions / remarks W-B03 #101 High BMS temperature Check the ambient temperature and check if the BMS fans are running.
Lynx Smart BMS Table 5.
Lynx Smart BMS 9. Troubleshooting and Support Consult this chapter in case of unexpected behaviour or if you suspect a product fault. The correct troubleshooting and support process is to first consult the common issues as described in this chapter. Should this fail to resolve the issue, contact the point of purchase for technical support. If the point of purchase is unknown, refer to the Victron Energy Support webpage. 9.1.
Lynx Smart BMS • Internal supply error - Red LED flashing 12 times every 4 seconds • Initialization error - Red LED flashing 9 times every 4 seconds • Contactor failure - Red LED flashing 10 times every 4 seconds • Hardware error - GX device alarm Calibration lost - GX device alarm 9.2. Lynx Smart BMS operational issues High discharge current A high current alarm is given when the current is more than 600A for more than 5 minutes. The red LED flashing 8 times every 4 seconds.
Lynx Smart BMS Once the loads have been turned off due to low cell voltage, the cell voltage of all cells needs to be 3.2V or higher before the BMS will turn the loads back on. 9.3.4. The pre-alarm setting is missing in VictronConnect Pre-alarm is only available if the battery supports it. The current battery models all support it, but older batteries do not have the hardware necessary for the pre-alarm feature. 9.3.5.
Lynx Smart BMS 9.3.6. How to test if the BMS is functional To test if the BMS is functional, disconnect one of the BMS cables and see if the BMS will go into alarm mode. BMS Check BMS functionality by deliberately loosening a BMS cable 9.3.7. System in sleep or hibernate mode This is indicated by the status LED off and the Bluetooth LED flashing every 3 seconds. The Lynx Smart BMS goes into sleep or hibernation mode once the battery or a battery cell has been deeply discharged.
Lynx Smart BMS 9.4.2. Incorrect state of charge reading An incorrect state of charge can be caused by a variety of reasons. Incorrect battery settings The following parameter(s) will have an effect on the state of charge calculations if they have been set up incorrectly: • Battery capacity Incorrect state of charge due to a synchronisation issue: The state of charge is a calculated value and will need to be reset (synchronised) every now and then.
Lynx Smart BMS • Is there already another phone or tablet connected to the product? Only one phone or tablet can be connected at any given time. Make sure no other devices are connected and try again. • Are you close enough to the product? In open space the maximum distance is about 20 meters. • Are you using the Windows version of the VictronConnect App? The Windows version cannot use Bluetooth. Use an Android, iOS or macOS device instead.
Lynx Smart BMS 10. Warranty This product has a 5-year limited warranty. This limited warranty covers defects in materials and workmanship in this product and lasts for five years from the date of original purchase of this product. To claim warranty the customer must return the product together with the receipt of purchase to the point of purchase.
Lynx Smart BMS 11. Technical specifications Lynx Smart BMS Power Supply voltage range 9 – 58Vdc Supported system voltages 12, 24 or 48V Reverse polarity protection No Main safety contactor continuous current rating Main safety contactor peak current rating 500A continuous 600A for 5 minutes 12V system: 0.25mA - 0.35mA Power consumption hibernate mode 24V system: 0.30mA - 0.40mA Power consumption in standby mode Approximately 0.5W ( 38mA at 13V) 48V system: 0.40mA - 0.
Lynx Smart BMS 12.
