VMware Server User’s Guide VMware Server 2.
VMware Server User’s Guide VMware Server User’s Guide Item: EN-000057-00 You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware Web site at: http://www.vmware.com/support/ The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates. If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to: docfeedback@vmware.com © 2008 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Protected by one or more U.S. Patent Nos.
Contents About This Book 13 Revision History 13 Intended Audience 13 Document Feedback 14 Technical Support and Education Resources 14 Online and Telephone Support 14 Support Offerings 14 VMware Professional Services 14 Reporting Problems 15 Log Files 16 1 Introduction and System Requirements 19 VMware Server Product Benefits 19 New Features of VMware Server 2.
VMware Server User’s Guide Windows Host Operating Systems 25 Linux Host Operating System Requirements 26 VI Web Access and VMware Remote Console Client System Requirements 27 Virtual Machine Specifications 28 Processor 28 Chip Set 28 BIOS 28 Memory 29 Graphics 29 IDE Drives 29 SCSI Devices 29 PCI Slots 29 Floppy Drives 30 Serial (COM) Ports 30 Parallel (LPT) Ports 30 USB Ports 30 Keyboard 30 Mouse and Drawing Tablets 30 Ethernet Card 30 Virtual Networking 31 Sound 31 Supported Guest Operating Systems 31 Pr
Contents 3 Learning VMware Server Basics: Using VI Web Access 47 Overview of VI Web Access 48 Using the VMware Server Host Workspace 49 Using the Virtual Machine Workspace 50 Viewing Virtual Machine Summary Information 51 Installing the VMware Remote Console Add‐On 52 Starting VMware Remote Console from the Console Tab 53 Using VI Web Access Menu Options 54 Application Menu 54 Virtual Machine Menu 55 Administration Menu 56 Viewing VMware Server and Virtual Machine Tasks 56 Viewing VMware Server and Virtual
VMware Server User’s Guide Installing VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest System 88 Starting the VMware User Process Manually If You Do Not Use a Session Manager on UNIX 89 Updating VMware Tools 90 Uninstalling VMware Tools 91 Repairing or Changing VMware Tools 91 Using the VMware Tools Control Panel 91 Using the Windows Control Panel to Display the Taskbar Icon 92 Options Tab 93 Devices Tab 94 Scripts Tab 94 Shared Folders Tab 95 Shrink Tab 95 About Tab 95 Configuring VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest 96 Custom
Contents 7 Running Virtual Machines 121 Running VMware Tools 122 Changing the Power State of a Virtual Machine 122 Changing Virtual Machine Snapshot Settings 126 Locking the Snapshot 126 Setting Snapshot Power Off Options 127 Changing Virtual Machine Advanced Settings 127 Deleting a Virtual Machine 130 Using VMware Remote Console 130 Interacting with the Guest Operating System 131 Entering and Leaving Full Screen Mode 131 Connecting and Disconnecting Client Devices 132 Resetting and Powering Off 132 Viewin
VMware Server User’s Guide Configuring Passthrough (Generic) SCSI Devices 156 Adding a Passthrough (Generic) SCSI Device to a Virtual Machine 157 Editing a Virtual Passthrough (Generic) SCSI Device 158 Removing a Passthrough (Generic) SCSI Device from a Virtual Machine 158 Configuring SCSI Controllers 159 Configuring USB Controllers and Devices 159 Adding a USB Controller to a Virtual Machine 159 Removing a USB Controller from a Virtual Machine 160 Connecting USB Devices 160 Using USB Devices in a Virtual
Contents Excluding Virtual Disks from Snapshots 198 Taking a Snapshot 198 Reverting to a Snapshot 199 Removing a Snapshot 199 Locking a Snapshot 199 10 Managing Roles and Permissions 201 Access Elements 201 Managing Users 203 Managing Groups 203 Managing Roles 203 Creating Roles 204 Editing and Renaming Roles 205 Removing Roles 205 Managing Permissions 206 Creating Permissions 206 Editing Permissions 207 Removing Permissions 208 Rules for Permission Propagation 208 11 Configuring a Virtual Network 211 Ne
VMware Server User’s Guide Advanced Networking Topics 230 Selecting IP Addresses on a Host‐Only Network or NAT Configuration 230 Avoiding IP Packet Leakage in a Host‐Only Network 232 Maintaining and Changing the MAC Address of a Virtual Machine 234 Controlling Routing for a Host‐Only Network on a Linux Host 235 Potential Issues with Host‐Only Networking on a Linux Host 236 Setting Up a Second Bridged Network Interface on a Linux Host 237 Configuring Bridged Networking When Using Teamed Network Interface Ca
Contents Calculating Memory Requirements to Allow for Virtual Machine Overhead 275 Configuring Host‐Wide Virtual Machine Memory Usage 275 Allocating Memory to a Virtual Machine 277 Editing Virtual Machine Memory 277 Using Two‐Way Virtual Symmetric Multiprocessing 278 Editing Virtual Processors 279 Configuring and Maintaining Guest Operating Systems 279 Installing Linux Guest Operating Systems in Text Mode 279 Selecting the Correct Guest Operating System 279 Installing VMware Tools 280 Temporarily Disabling
VMware Server User’s Guide A Defined Privileges 299 Alarms 300 Datacenter 301 Datastore 301 Extensions 302 Folders 303 Global 303 Host CIM 305 Host Configuration 306 Host Inventory 308 Host Local Operations 309 Network 310 Performance 310 Permissions 311 Resource 311 Scheduled Task 313 Sessions 313 Tasks 314 Virtual Machine Configuration 314 Virtual Machine Interaction 317 Virtual Machine Inventory 319 Virtual Machine Provisioning 319 Virtual Machine State 321 B Files That Make Up a Virtual Machine 323 Fi
About This Book The VMware Server User’s Guide provides information about installing and using VMware Server 2. Revision History This manual is revised with each release of the product or when necessary. A revised version can contain minor or major changes. Table 1 summarizes the significant changes in each version of this manual. Table 1. Revision History Revision Description 20080828 First version of the VMware Server 2.0 documentation.
VMware Server User’s Guide Document Feedback VMware welcomes your suggestions for improving our documentation. If you have comments, send your feedback to: docfeedback@vmware.com Technical Support and Education Resources The following sections describe the technical support resources available to you. To access the most current version of this book and other books, go to: http://www.vmware.
About This Book Reporting Problems If you have problems while running VMware Server, report them to the VMware support team. You must first register your serial number. Then you can report your problems by submitting a support request to: http://www.vmware.com/requestsupport Log files are needed to diagnose and report problems. The required log files depend on the problem you encounter.
VMware Server User’s Guide To run the support script on a Windows host 1 Open a command prompt. 2 Change to the VMware Server program directory. The default directory is: C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Server 3 Run the support script: cscript vm-support.vbs After the script runs, it displays the name and location of the zipped output. Log Files The following log files are generated by VMware Server and collected by the support script.
About This Book To enable logging for the VMware Authorization Service 1 In a text editor, edit the following file: Windows – config.ini, located in the directory <%ALLUSERSPROFILE%>\VMware\VMware Server For example: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Server 2 Linux – /etc/vmware/config Add the following lines to the configuration file: vmauthd.logEnabled = TRUE log.vmauthdFileName = "vmauthd.log" pref.
VMware Server User’s Guide 18 VMware, Inc.
1 Introduction and System Requirements 1 This chapter describes the key product features and benefits of using VMware Server. It also describes the system requirements for operating VMware Server. This chapter includes the following topics: “VMware Server Product Benefits” on page 19 “New Features of VMware Server 2.
VMware Server User’s Guide Two‐way Virtual SMP Intel Virtualization Technology (Intel VT) AMD‐Virtualization (AMT‐V) With VMware Server, you can do the following: Provision a new server without purchasing more hardware by locating multiple virtual machines on the same host. Run Windows, Linux, and other operating systems and applications without software conflicts because virtual machines are completely isolated from one another and from the physical host.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements VMware Remote Console VMware Remote Console enables you to interact with the guest operating system running in a virtual machine. You can run VMware Remote Console on the host or a remote client system. After you install it as a Web browser add‐on from VI Web Access, VMware Remote Console can run independently from VI Web Access. VMware Remote Console also allows you to connect and disconnect client CD/DVD and floppy devices.
VMware Server User’s Guide Additional Host Operating System Support Newly supported host operating systems include the following: Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition and Enterprise Edition Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.5, 5.0, and 5.1 Ubuntu Linux 6.10 “Edgy,” 7.04 “Fiesty,” 7.10 “Gutsy,” and 8.04 “Hardy” SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10, 10 SP1, and 10.1 For a full list of supported 32‐bit and 64‐bit host operating systems, see “Host System Requirements” on page 23.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements Updated VIX API The VMware VIX API (formerly known as the Programming API) allows you to write scripts and programs to automate virtual machine operations. The VIX API is high level, easy to use, and practical for both script writers and application programmers. This release of the VIX API is available in the C language. API functions allow you to register virtual machines, power virtual machines on or off, and run programs in the guest operating systems.
VMware Server User’s Guide Compatible processors include: Intel Xeon: Dual‐Core, including 5000‐series (Dempsey), 5100‐series (Woodcrest), 3000‐series (Conroe), 7000‐series (Paxville MP), and 7100‐series (Tulsa) Quad‐Core, including 5300‐series (Clovertown) Intel Core 2, including E6300, E6400, E6600, and E6700 (Conroe), Q6600 andQ6700/E (Kentsfield), and E4300 (Allendale) Series AMD Opteron 1000/2000/8000 series (Santa Ana, Santa Rosa) AMD Opteron 100/200/800 series (Venus, Troy, Ath
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements Optical CD/DVD Drive IDE and SCSI optical drives are supported. CD‐ROM and DVD‐ROM drives are supported. ISO disk image files are supported. Floppy Drives Virtual machines can connect to the host’s floppy drives. Floppy disk image files are also supported.
VMware Server User’s Guide Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition, SP1, SP2, R2 Windows Server 2003 Web Edition, SP1, SP2 Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition, SP1, SP2, R2 Windows Small Business Server 2003 Standard Edition, R2 Windows Small Business Server 2003 Premium Edition, R2 Windows 2000 Server SP3, SP4 Windows 2000 Advanced Server, SP3, SP4 Linux Host Operating System Requirements Supported distributions and kernels are listed in this section.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements 32‐bit host computers can run the following operating systems: Mandrake Linux 10.1 Mandriva Corporate Server 4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.1 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.5 Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 4.5 Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 4.5 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10.
VMware Server User’s Guide JavaScript, XMLHttpRequest, and cookies must be enabled in your Web browser settings to use VI Web Access. These features are enabled by default. To avoid performance degradation, disable the Firebug extension to Firefox when using VI Web Access. The VMware Remote Console add‐on might conflict with other Firefox add‐ons. If you experience problems when you attempt to install the VMware Remote Console add‐on, try disabling other add‐ons you have enabled.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements Memory Up to 8GB, depending on host memory, virtual machine hardware version, and guest operating system support. Total memory available for all virtual machines is limited only by the amount of memory on the host computer. Graphics VGA SVGA IDE Drives Up to four devices. Any of these devices can be a virtual hard disk or CD/DVD drive. IDE virtual disks up to 950GB.
VMware Server User’s Guide Floppy Drives Up to two 1.44MB floppy devices Physical drives or floppy image files Serial (COM) Ports Up to four serial (COM) ports Output to serial ports, host operating system files, or named pipes Parallel (LPT) Ports Up to three bidirectional parallel (LPT) ports Output to parallel ports or host operating system files USB Ports USB 2.
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements Virtual Networking Support for 10 virtual network switches on Windows host operating systems. Support for 255 virtual network switches on Linux hosts. Three switches are configured by default for bridged, host‐only, and NAT networking. Support for most Ethernet‐based protocols, including TCP/IP, Microsoft Networking, Samba, Novell Netware, and Network File System (NFS).
VMware Server User’s Guide Windows 32-Bit Guest Operating Systems Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition Windows Vista Business Edition Windows Vista Ultimate Edition Windows XP Professional Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition Windows Server 2003 Web Edition Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition Windows Small Business Server 2003 Standard Edition Windows Small Business Server 2003 Premium Edition Windows 2000 Server Windows 2000 Advanced Server
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements openSUSE Linux Open Enterprise Server (OES) Ubuntu Linux Sun Solaris 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems Solaris x86 Sun Solaris 32-Bit Guest Operating Systems Solaris x86 Novell NetWare 32-Bit Guest Operating System NetWare Processor Support for 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems VMware Server supports virtual machines with 64‐bit guest operating systems only on host machines that have Intel EM64T VT‐capable or AMD64 revision D or later processors.
VMware Server User’s Guide 34 VMware, Inc.
2 Installing VMware Server 2 This chapter describes how to install VMware Server on Windows and Linux host systems and includes the following topics: “Installation Prerequisites” on page 35 “Installing VMware Server on a Windows Host” on page 37 “Uninstalling VMware Server on a Windows Host” on page 41 “Installing VMware Server on a Linux Host” on page 41 “Configuring VMware Server on a Linux Host Using vmware‐config.
VMware Server User’s Guide Preparing to Install VMware Server Before you begin installation, be sure you have: Compatible host – Verify that the computer and host operating system meet the system requirements for running VMware Server, as described in “Host System Requirements” on page 23. VMware Server installation software – VMware Server is available for both Windows and Linux host computers. The installation software is in the file you download.
Chapter 2 Installing VMware Server On a Linux host, follow the procedure in this chapter to uninstall the product. The licenses remain in place. You do not need to take any special action. After you have completed the prerequisites and determined which computer you want to use to host VMware Server, follow the procedure in this chapter to install VMware Server on your host system.
VMware Server User’s Guide 3 When the wizard finishes computing space requirements, click Next to close the Welcome page. 4 On the License Agreement page, read and accept the license agreement to continue the installation. 5 On the Destination Folder page, if you do not want VMware Server installed in the directory that is shown, click Change and specify an alternate installation directory.
Chapter 2 Installing VMware Server 12 On the Ready to Install the Program page, click Install or click Back to make changes. 13 (Optional) After you click Install, on the Registration Information page, enter your name, company name, and serial number and click Next. If you skip this step, you must enter your serial number later in VI Web Access, before you can power on a virtual machine. Your serial number is in an email sent to you when you obtain VMware Server online.
VMware Server User’s Guide Use the optional REMOVE setting to skip installation of certain features. The REMOVE setting can take one or more of the values listed in Table 2‐1. Table 2-1. Values for the REMOVE Setting Value Description Network Networking components including the virtual bridge and the host adapters for host‐only and NAT networking. Do not remove this component if you want to use NAT or DHCP. DHCP Virtual DHCP server. NAT Virtual NAT device.
Chapter 2 Installing VMware Server Uninstalling VMware Server on a Windows Host To uninstall VMware Server, use the Add/Remove Programs control panel. Select VMware Server and click Remove. Follow the onscreen instructions. Installing VMware Server on a Linux Host Before you begin, read the following notes and make adjustments to your host system: The real‐time clock function must be compiled in your Linux kernel.
VMware Server User’s Guide 9 Enter Yes when prompted to run vmware-config.pl. 10 Respond to the prompts, as described in “Configuring VMware Server on a Linux Host Using vmware‐config.pl” on page 42. To install on a Linux host using the RPM installation file 1 Log in with the user name you plan to use when running VMware Server. 2 In a terminal window, use the command to become root, for example: su - 3 Run RPM and specify the installation file: rpm -Uhv VMware-server-.
Chapter 2 Installing VMware Server If you have not already done so, open a terminal window and log in as the root user before performing the following procedure. To configure VMware Server using vmware-config.pl 1 If vmware-config.pl is not started by the installation script, enter the following command to run the script: vmware-config.pl The script is located in /usr/bin. If this directory is not in your default path, enter the following command to run the script: /usr/bin/vmware-config.
VMware Server User’s Guide Uninstalling an RPM Installation of VMware Server If you used the RPM installer to install VMware Server, remove the software from your system using the following command: rpm -e VMware-server- In place of the filename contains numbers that correspond to the version and build.
Chapter 2 Installing VMware Server VMware Server 2 uses a different permissions model from VMware Server 1. After you install VMware Server 2, log in as an administrator user to create and manage permissions for non‐administrator users. See Chapter 10, “Managing Roles and Permissions,” on page 201. VMware Server 2 automatically names both default and custom virtual networks.
VMware Server User’s Guide 46 VMware, Inc.
3 Learning VMware Server Basics: Using VI Web Access 3 This chapter describes how to connect to VMware Server and introduces the VI Web Access management interface. VI Web Access provides a simple and flexible tool for virtual machine management.
VMware Server User’s Guide Logging In to VMware Server Using VI Web Access Any user that has authorization on the host machine can log in to VMware Server. To log in to VMware Server using VI Web Access 1 Launch your Web browser.
Chapter 3 Learning VMware Server Basics: Using VI Web Access Workspace — Appearing on the right, this is the main part of the window. When the host is selected in the Inventory panel, the workspace includes the Summary, Virtual Machines, Tasks, Events, and Permissions tabs. These tabs contain detailed information about the VMware Server host and allow you to configure host‐wide settings. See “Using the VMware Server Host Workspace” on page 49.
VMware Server User’s Guide Tasks — Displays tasks that are performed by users in the VMware Server host. See “Viewing VMware Server and Virtual Machine Tasks” on page 56. Events — Displays events that occurred in the VMware Server host. See “Viewing VMware Server and Virtual Machine Events” on page 57. Virtual Machines — Displays high‐level information about the all the virtual machines in the inventory, including processor and memory utilization when the virtual machine is powered on.
Chapter 3 Learning VMware Server Basics: Using VI Web Access Viewing Virtual Machine Summary Information When you click the Summary tab for a virtual machine, VI Web Access displays a summary of the configuration information about that virtual machine in the workspace. The Summary tab includes the following sections: The Performance section displays the virtual machine processor and memory capacity and current utilization.
VMware Server User’s Guide Installing the VMware Remote Console Add-On VMware Remote Console allows you to interact directly with the guest operating system. You must install VMware Remote Console as a Web browser add‐on the first time you want to use the console with a Web browser that does not already have the add‐on installed. When a new version of the add‐on is available, you are prompted to install the new version.
Chapter 3 Learning VMware Server Basics: Using VI Web Access iii The Internet Explorer Security Warning installation dialog box is displayed. iv Click Run. NOTE Depending on your Internet Explorer security settings, you might see a message at the top of the browser: This website wants to run the following add‐on. If you see this message, click it and allow the add‐on to run. The add‐on is installed. Skip the remaining steps of this procedure.
VMware Server User’s Guide When the virtual machine is powered on, you can click anywhere in the Console screen to open VMware Remote Console. The VMware Remote Console startup screen is displayed for a few moments before the guest operating system begins to run. For information about using VMware Remote Console, see “Using VMware Remote Console” on page 130. You can continue to use VMware Remote Console if you close your Web browser.
Chapter 3 Learning VMware Server Basics: Using VI Web Access Virtual Machine Menu The Virtual Machine menu includes options for managing the power state of a virtual machine and for viewing the console. The menu includes the following commands, which can also be performed using the buttons and other visual elements of the management interface: Create Virtual Machine — Starts the New Virtual Machine wizard. See Chapter 4, “Creating and Upgrading Virtual Machines,” on page 59.
VMware Server User’s Guide Administration Menu The Administration menu includes the Manage Roles option for managing VMware Server roles. See Chapter 10, “Managing Roles and Permissions,” on page 201. Viewing VMware Server and Virtual Machine Tasks When you click the Tasks tab for the host or a virtual machine, VI Web Access displays task information for that host or virtual machine in the workspace.
Chapter 3 Learning VMware Server Basics: Using VI Web Access Viewing VMware Server and Virtual Machine Events When you click the Events tab for the host or a virtual machine, VI Web Access displays event information for that host or virtual machine in the workspace. The Events tab displays a sorted log of the most recent host or virtual machine transactions, such as adding a new role, and other events like power operations. You can sort events by clicking the column headers.
VMware Server User’s Guide 58 VMware, Inc.
4 Creating and Upgrading Virtual Machines 4 This chapter describes how to create a new virtual machine and includes the following topics: “Before You Create a Virtual Machine” on page 59 “Using the New Virtual Machine Wizard” on page 65 “Installing the Guest Operating System” on page 68 “Updating the Guest Operating System” on page 71 “Upgrading the Virtual Machine Version” on page 72 Before You Create a Virtual Machine The New Virtual Machine wizard guides you through the steps to cr
VMware Server User’s Guide The default location of virtual machine files in the standard datastore depends on the host: Windows hosts: The default location of a virtual machine called My Windows XP is: :\Virtual Machines\My Windows XP Linux hosts: The default location of a virtual machine called My Windows XP is: /var/lib/vmware/Virtual Machines/My Windows XP Virtual machine performance might be slower if your datastore is on a network drive.
Chapter 4 Creating and Upgrading Virtual Machines Product Compatibility (Virtual Machine Hardware Version) In the Product Compatibility section of the Guest Operating System page, virtual machine hardware version 7 is the default. A hardware version 7 virtual machine can use new VMware Server 2 features, including: Up to 8GB memory per virtual machine, instead of the previous maximum of 3.
VMware Server User’s Guide Number of Processors Multiple processors are supported only for host machines with at least two logical processors.
Chapter 4 Creating and Upgrading Virtual Machines If you select Allocate all disk space now, all disk space is preallocated at the time the disk is created. This provides better performance for your virtual machine. However, you cannot shrink the disk later. NOTE Preallocating disk space is a time‐consuming operation that cannot be canceled and requires as much physical disk space as you specify for the virtual disk. You can also select Split disk into 2GB files.
VMware Server User’s Guide Either type of virtual disk can be stored on either type of physical hard disk. For example, the files that make up an IDE virtual disk can be stored on either an IDE hard disk or a SCSI hard disk. Virtual disks can also be stored on other types of fast‐access storage media. Hard Disk Write Caching Policy Setting The caching policy determines when changes are written to disk: Optimize for safety — Saves all changes to the virtual disk immediately.
Chapter 4 Creating and Upgrading Virtual Machines Using the New Virtual Machine Wizard When you create a new virtual machine, the result is a set of files that represent a new computer. If you are not using a bootable CD or PXE image file, the virtual machine includes a blank, unformatted hard disk—the virtual disk—into which you install the guest operating system. NOTE Before you create the virtual machine, check the installation notes for the guest operating system you intend to install.
VMware Server User’s Guide 8 (Optional) Also on the Guest Operating System page, expand the Product Compatibility heading to select the virtual machine product compatibility level. For more information, see “Product Compatibility (Virtual Machine Hardware Version)” on page 61. 9 Click Next. 10 On the Memory and Processors page, you can adjust the memory settings or accept the recommended size. In most cases, it is best to keep the default memory setting.
Chapter 4 Creating and Upgrading Virtual Machines 14 On the Network Adapter page, select whether to add a network adapter. Add a Network Adapter — Select to add a network to your virtual machine. The wizard displays the Properties page. Select the virtual network for the virtual machine from the drop‐down menu of existing networks. Optionally, deselect Connect at Power On if you do not want this network to be connected when the virtual machine is powered on. Click Next.
VMware Server User’s Guide Each time you finish adding a new device, you return to the Ready to Complete page. If you want to power on the virtual machine immediately after creating it, select Power on your virtual machine now. Click Finish to create the virtual machine with the listed hardware. The wizard creates the files and hardware for your virtual machine. After the virtual machine is created, continue with “Installing the Guest Operating System” on page 68.
Chapter 4 Creating and Upgrading Virtual Machines To install a guest operating system from an installation CD 1 Log in to VI Web Access. 2 Select the virtual machine into which you are installing the guest operating system from the Inventory panel. 3 Insert the installation CD for your guest operating system. 4 In the Hardware section of the Summary tab, click the CD/DVD drive’s icon and select Edit. 5 Select Host Media to configure a physical drive on the host system.
VMware Server User’s Guide To install a guest operating system from an ISO image 1 Log in to VI Web Access. 2 Select the virtual machine into which you are installing the guest operating system from the Inventory panel. 3 In the Hardware section of the Summary tab, click the CD/DVD drive’s icon and select Edit. 4 Select Host Media to configure an ISO image file on the host system.
Chapter 4 Creating and Upgrading Virtual Machines 11 12 If the ISO image spans multiple files, when you are prompted to insert the next CD: a Click the Summary tab. b In the Hardware section, edit the CD settings by clicking the CD/DVD drive’s icon and choosing Edit. c Browse to the location of the next ISO image file, and keep all other selections as they are. d Click OK. e Click the Console tab to return to VMware Remote Console.
VMware Server User’s Guide 4 In the Guest Operating System section of the General tab, select the new guest operating system type and version. The setting you specify here is written to the virtual machine’s configuration file. NOTE This setting does not change the guest operating system itself. 5 Power on the virtual machine. To update the guest operating system 1 Follow the instructions provided by the operating system vendor to update the guest operating system.
5 Installing and Using VMware Tools 5 This chapter discusses how to install, upgrade, and run VMware Tools.
VMware Server User’s Guide VMware Tools Service The program file is called VMwareService.exe on Windows guest operating systems and vmware-guestd on Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris guests. This service performs various duties within the guest operating system: Passes messages from the host operating system to the guest operating system. Executes commands in the operating system to cleanly shut down or restart a Linux, FreeBSD, or Solaris system when you select power operations in VMware Server.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools A kernel module for handling shared folders, called hgfs.sys on Windows and vmhgfs on Linux and Solaris. VMware Server does not support shared folders. The module is included for product compatibility. The Virtual Machine Communication Interface (VMCI) driver for creating client‐server applications that are optimized for fast and efficient communication between virtual machines. VMware User Process The program file is called VMwareUser.
VMware Server User’s Guide Installing VMware Tools The installers for VMware Tools for Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, and NetWare guest operating systems are installed with VMware Server as ISO image files. When you click Install VMware Tools or Upgrade VMware Tools in the Status section of the virtual machine Summary tab in VI Web Access, VMware Server temporarily connects the virtual machine’s first virtual CD/DVD drive to the correct ISO image file for the guest operating system.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools To install or upgrade VMware Tools in a Windows guest operating system 1 In VI Web Access, click Install VMware Tools in the Status section of the virtual machine Summary tab. If an earlier version of VMware Tools is installed, click Upgrade VMware Tools. 2 Click the Console tab. The remaining steps take place inside the virtual machine.
VMware Server User’s Guide To configure the video driver on older versions of Windows 1 When you are prompted to reboot, click No. 2 Follow the instructions in the Notebook file. The instructions are specific to each operating system. They provide steps for selecting the VMware SVGA driver, usually in the Display Properties/Settings dialog box, and installing it from the VMware Tools ISO image.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools 2 (Optional) In the guest operating system, suppress prompts about installing unsigned drivers. If you are installing VMware Tools from a beta or RC (release candidate) version of VMware Server, you are asked to confirm the installation of unsigned drivers. Follow these steps to suppress these confirmation prompts. For all Windows systems except Windows Vista: a On the virtual machine’s desktop or Start menu, right‐click My Computer and select Properties.
VMware Server User’s Guide Buslogic — VMware BusLogic driver. If your virtual machine is configured to use the LSI Logic driver, you might want to remove this feature. VMXNet — VMware vmxnet networking driver. MemCtl — VMware memory control driver. Recommended if you plan to use this virtual machine with ESX. Excluding this feature hinders the memory management capabilities of the virtual machine running on an ESX system. Hgfs — VMware shared folders driver.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools To install VMware Tools in a Linux Guest Within X Using the RPM Installer 1 In VI Web Access, click Install VMware Tools in the Status section of the virtual machine Summary tab. If an earlier version of VMware Tools is installed, click Upgrade VMware Tools. 2 Click the Console tab. The remaining steps take place inside the virtual machine. The guest operating system mounts the VMware Tools installation virtual CD.
VMware Server User’s Guide 8 In an X terminal, start the VMware User process: vmware-user 9 (Optional) To start the VMware Tools control panel, enter the following command: vmware-toolbox & To change the default VMware Tools configuration options, see “Using the VMware Tools Control Panel” on page 91. You can run VMware Tools as root or as a normal user. To shrink virtual disks or to change any VMware Tools scripts, you must run VMware Tools as root.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools 5 Change to a working directory by entering a command such as the following: cd /tmp 6 If a previous installation exists, delete the previous vmware-tools-distrib directory before installing. The location of this directory depends on where you placed it during the previous installation. Often it is placed in: /tmp/vmware-tools-distrib 7 Run the installer and unmount the CD‐ROM image.
VMware Server User’s Guide For the RPM installer, enter the following command to run the configuration file: vmware-config-tools.pl Respond to the questions the command‐line wizard displays. Press Enter to accept the default values. 9 Log out of the root account. exit 10 (Optional) Start your graphical environment.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools 4 If necessary, mount the VMware Tools virtual CD‐ROM image. Usually, the Solaris volume manager vold mounts the CD‐ROM under /cdrom/vmwaretools. If the CD‐ROM is not mounted, restart the volume manager using the following commands: /etc/init.d/volmgt stop /etc/init.
VMware Server User’s Guide Installing VMware Tools in a FreeBSD Guest System Before you begin, make sure that the virtual machine is powered on and that the guest operating system is running. To install VMware Tools in a FreeBSD guest operating system 1 In VI Web Access, click Install VMware Tools in the Status section of the virtual machine Summary tab. If an earlier version of VMware Tools is installed, click Upgrade VMware Tools. 2 Click the Console tab.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools 11 (Optional) Start your graphical environment. 12 In an X terminal, to start the VMware User process, enter the following command: vmware-user 13 (Optional) To start the VMware Tools control panel, enter the following command: vmware-toolbox & In minimal installations of the FreeBSD 4.5 guest operating system, sometimes VMware Tools does not start. See “Install the Missing FreeBSD Library” on page 87.
VMware Server User’s Guide Installing VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest System Before you begin, make sure that the virtual machine is powered on and that the guest operating system is running. To install VMware Tools in a NetWare guest operating system 1 In VI Web Access, click Install VMware Tools in the Status section of the virtual machine Summary tab. If an earlier version of VMware Tools is installed, click Upgrade VMware Tools. 2 Click the Console tab.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools 5 If you have a NetWare 4.2 guest, restart the guest operating system, as follows: a To shut down the system, in the system console, enter: down b To restart the guest operating system, in the system console, enter: restart server 6 Make sure that the VMware Tools virtual CD‐ROM image (netware.iso) is not attached to the virtual machine. If it is attached, disconnect it.
VMware Server User’s Guide Updating VMware Tools Because VMware Tools installers (ISO images) are installed with VMware Server, when you update to a new version of VMware Server, a check is performed to determine if a new version of VMware Tools is available. When you update from an earlier version of VMware Tools, the previous version of VMware Tools might be uninstalled. The guest operating system checks for VMware Tools updates only when you power on a virtual machine.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools Uninstalling VMware Tools Occasionally, an update of VMware Tools is incomplete. You can usually solve the problem by uninstalling VMware Tools and then reinstalling. To uninstall VMware Tools Depending on the guest operating system, do one of the following: On a Windows guest, use the guest operating system’s Add/Remove Programs item to remove VMware Tools. On any UNIX guest, log in as root (su) and enter the following command: vmware-uninstall-tools.
VMware Server User’s Guide To open the VMware Tools control panel Do one of the following: In Windows guests, double‐click VMware Tools icon in the notification area of the guest’s Windows taskbar. If you cannot find the VMware Tools icon in the notification area, use the guest’s Windows Control Panel to display it. See “Using the Windows Control Panel to Display the Taskbar Icon” on page 92.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools Options Tab The Options tab of the VMware Tools control panel provides the following options: Time synchronization between the virtual machine and the host operating system – Periodically (every minute) checks whether the guest operating system’s time is lagging behind the host’s. If so, the guest’s clock is moved forward to match the host’s clock. If you use this option, disable all other time synchronization mechanisms.
VMware Server User’s Guide To disable time synchronization by editing the virtual machine configuration file 1 Power off the virtual machine. 2 Edit the virtual machine’s configuration file (see “Changing Virtual Machine Advanced Settings” on page 127) and set the options listed in Table 5‐1 to FALSE. Table 5-1. Time Synchronization Options Option Name Relates to Time Synchronization When time.synchronize.tools.startup Powering on a virtual machine.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools For example, if you use the virtual machine configuration settings (click Configure VM in the Commands section of the virtual machine workspace, and click the Power tab) and set the Power Off control to use Shut Down Guest, then the poweroff-vm-default script runs when you click the Power Off button in the toolbar. This script causes the guest operating system to shut down gracefully.
VMware Server User’s Guide Configuring VMware Tools in a NetWare Guest In a NetWare virtual machine, using the system console, you can configure certain virtual machine options such as time synchronization, CPU idling, and device configuration with VMware Tools. The VMware Tools command‐line program is called vmwtool. To configure VMware Tools in a NetWare guest operating system 1 Open a terminal window (system console) in the NetWare guest.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools Table 5-2. VMware Tools Commands for Netware Guests (Continued) vmwtool Command Definition synctime [on|off] Turns the synchronization of time in the guest with time on the host on or off. By default, time synchronization is off. Use this command without any options to view the current time synchronization status. idle [on|off] Turns the CPU idler on or off. By default, the idler is on. The CPU idler program is included in VMware Tools for NetWare guests.
VMware Server User’s Guide On most UNIX guests, the default script executed when you suspend a virtual machine stops networking for the virtual machine. The default script executed when you resume a virtual machine starts networking for the virtual machine. Scripts cannot be run on NetWare and FreeBSD guests. On UNIX, the default scripts are located in the /etc/vmware-tools directory. You can create your own scripts and use them instead of the default scripts shown in Table 5‐3. Table 5-3.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools Creating Scripts to Override Default VMware Tools Scripts You can create your own scripts to override the default VMware Tools scripts that control power state changes. Scripts are run by the VMware Tools daemon (VMwareService.exe on Windows and vmware-guestd on UNIX). Because vmware-guestd is run as root on UNIX and as System on Windows, the scripts are run in a separate session from the logged‐in user’s session.
VMware Server User’s Guide 3 Associate each custom script with its particular power operation: a On the Scripts tab of the VMware Tools control panel, select the appropriate script event. b Select the Use Script check box, select Custom script, and use the Browse button to point to the script that you want to use. c Click OK. When you reinstall VMware Tools after you update the VMware Server software, any changes that you made to the default scripts are overwritten.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools Executing Commands After You Power Off or Reset a Virtual Machine In a Linux, Solaris, or FreeBSD guest, you can use the VMware Tools service to execute specific commands when you shut down or restart the guest operating system. This is in addition to any script that you specified to run when you shut down the guest operating system. 1 Use a text editor to open the following file: /etc/vmware-tools/tools.
VMware Server User’s Guide You can pass strings to a virtual machine’s guest operating system in one of two ways: placing the string in the virtual machine’s configuration file or passing the string to the guest from the command line. Use this feature only if you have a good understanding of a scripting language (for example, Perl or NetShell) and know how to modify system startup scripts. Passing a String in a Configuration File Place a string in the virtual machine’s configuration (.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools Launch each virtual machine with the vmware -s command. Each virtual machine disk file must be copied into its own directory if it shares its filename with another virtual machine disk file. On a Linux host, the machine ID passed on the command line takes precedence and is passed to the guest operating system if the following conditions are met: A virtual machine ID specified in the virtual machine’s configuration (.
VMware Server User’s Guide 3 Further customize this startup script so that it uses the string the service retrieved during startup to set the virtual machine’s network name to W2K‐VM and its IP address to 148.30.16.24. 4 Place this string in the script before the command to start the network services. If you are using a Windows 2000 guest operating system, for example, you can call the NetShell utility (netsh) and pass it the contents of the string, which uses the string accordingly.
Chapter 5 Installing and Using VMware Tools 2 To configure periodic time synchronization, use the vmx.set_option command: --cmd "vmx.set_option synctime " is vmware-guestd on UNIX systems or VMwareService.exe on Windows systems. and are the old and new values, respectively. Use 0 to mean FALSE and 1 to mean TRUE. Following is an example of setting time synchronization to TRUE on a Linux guest: ./vmware-guestd --cmd "vmx.
VMware Server User’s Guide 106 VMware, Inc.
6 Managing VMware Server 6 This chapter describes how to perform host‐wide configuration tasks, including managing your virtual machine inventory and datastores, and configuring global memory, snapshot, and virtual machine startup and shutdown settings. It also describes Windows host features for backing up virtual machines using the Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) and logging VMware Server events in the Event Viewer. To perform host management operations, you must have the required permissions.
VMware Server User’s Guide Managing the Virtual Machine Inventory When you create new virtual machines in VMware Server, they are automatically added to your inventory. You can also add existing virtual machines to your inventory so that you can manage them using VI Web Access. This section describes how to add and remove virtual machines in the inventory. Adding a Virtual Machine to the Inventory When you create a virtual machine using VI Web Access, it is automatically added to the inventory.
Chapter 6 Managing VMware Server To delete a virtual machine or remove it from the inventory 1 Select the host in the Inventory panel. 2 Click the Virtual Machines tab. 3 Select the virtual machine to delete. When the virtual machine is powered off, the Remove Virtual Machine command appears in the Commands section of the workspace. 4 Click Remove Virtual Machine. A confirmation dialog box appears.
VMware Server User’s Guide Managing Datastores This section describes how to add, rename, and remove datastores. Adding Datastores A datastore is a storage location for VMware Server virtual machine files. The storage location can be the local file system, a CIFS store (Windows only), or an NFS‐mounted file system (Linux only). Prerequisites for Samba CIFS Datastores Samba CIFS stores require additional configuration. You must add the setting create mask = 766 to the configuration (smb.
Chapter 6 Managing VMware Server To add a CIFS datastore (Windows host only): i Select CIFS. ii Enter a valid server name or IP address. iii Enter the location of the shared folder. iv Enter a valid username. Include the domain or server name, for example: \ or \ v Enter the corresponding password. vi Click OK to add the datastore. . NOTE VMware Server uses the Windows credential manager for user authentication.
VMware Server User’s Guide 4 Enter a new name for the datastore in the Name text box. 5 Click OK. The renamed datastore appears in the list of datastores. Removing Datastores If you no longer want to access a datastore, you can remove it from VMware Server. Before you can remove a datastore, you must remove all virtual machines in the datastore. To remove a datastore 1 Select the host in the Inventory panel. 2 In the Datastores section of the Summary tab, click the datastore to remove.
Chapter 6 Managing VMware Server Editing Host-Wide Memory and Snapshot Settings This section describes how to configure host memory settings and whether or not snapshots are taken in the background.
VMware Server User’s Guide Configuring Additional Memory for Swapping VMware Server limits the number of virtual machines that can run at the same time based on the amount of memory reserved for all running virtual machines. To adjust the number of virtual machines that can be run or their total memory usage, specify the amount of virtual machine memory that the host operating system can swap to disk.
Chapter 6 Managing VMware Server Enabling and Disabling Background Snapshots Taking snapshots in the background allows you to continue working while VMware Server preserves the state of the virtual machine. However, enabling background snapshots for a host with slow hard disks can adversely affect performance. If you experience significant performance problems when taking or restoring snapshots, disable background snapshots.
VMware Server User’s Guide Enabling System-Wide Startup and Shutdown Settings You can enable virtual machines to be started and shut down automatically and configure how and when virtual machines are started and shut down. To enable system-wide startup and shutdown settings 1 Select the host in the Inventory panel. 2 In the Commands section of the host Summary tab, click Edit Virtual Machine Startup/Shutdown Settings. 3 Select Allow virtual machines to start and stop automatically with the system.
Chapter 6 Managing VMware Server Specifying the Startup and Shutdown Order for Virtual Machines After virtual machines are configured to start and shut down automatically, you can set the order in which the virtual machines are started and shut down. To configure the startup and shutdown order for virtual machines 1 Make sure that system‐wide settings are enabled as described in “Enabling System‐Wide Startup and Shutdown Settings” on page 116.
VMware Server User’s Guide 3 4 5 (Optional) To override the default system setting for startup, select Use specified settings and change one or both of the following: Startup Delay — Enter the amount of time in seconds to wait after a virtual machine is started before starting the next virtual machine in the startup list.
Chapter 6 Managing VMware Server For Windows Server 2003 guest systems, the VSS Writer uses application VSS writers so that the VSS snapshot is application‐consistent. The snapshot represents the entire state of the VSS‐aware applications regardless of their backup history and does not modify the backup history. For Windows Server 2008 guest systems, the VSS Writer does not use application writers and, as a result, the snapshot is file‐system consistent.
VMware Server User’s Guide To restore a virtual machine from a quiesced backup 120 1 Make sure that the virtual machines you want to restore are powered off. 2 Do one of the following: Use the backup software to restore the virtual machines. Restore an individual virtual machine by reverting to the snapshot. For information about reverting to a snapshot, see “Reverting to a Snapshot” on page 199. VMware, Inc.
7 Running Virtual Machines 7 After you have installed VMware Server, created a virtual machine, and installed a guest operating system and VMware Tools, you are ready to run your virtual machine. To perform virtual machine operations, you must have the required permissions. Many configuration modifications are disabled when the virtual machine is powered on. NOTE The only tasks VI Web Access can perform on hardware version 3 virtual machines are power operations and upgrade.
VMware Server User’s Guide “Adding Hardware to a Virtual Machine” on page 137 “Installing New Software in a Virtual Machine” on page 138 “Advanced Options for Application Developers” on page 139 Running VMware Tools For improved guest operating system performance and virtual machine management, make sure that VMware Tools is installed and running in your virtual machine. See Chapter 5, “Installing and Using VMware Tools,” on page 73.
Chapter 7 Running Virtual Machines Table 7‐1 describes what happens when you change the power state of a virtual machine. Table 7-1. Toolbar Power Operations Button Description Powers off the virtual machine. Depending on how you have configured the power options for this virtual machine, VMware Server might shut down the guest operating system and execute any scripts associated with this power state change. When this icon is depressed, the virtual machine is powered off.
VMware Server User’s Guide Changing Virtual Machine Name and Guest System Settings You can change the name and the guest operating system settings of the selected virtual machine. To change the virtual machine name or guest operating system settings 1 In the Commands section of the virtual machine’s Summary tab, click Configure VM. 2 In the General tab, change the name or guest operating system setting: (Optional) To change the display name, type a new name in the Virtual Machine Name text box.
Chapter 7 Running Virtual Machines Changing Virtual Machine Power Settings Power control options allow you to define actions that occur when you change the power state of a virtual machine. To change power state options 1 In the Commands section of the virtual machine’s Summary tab, click Configure VM. 2 Click the Power tab. 3 (Optional) Select the default power off option for the virtual machine. Settings for powering off virtual machines include Power Off and Shut Down Guest.
VMware Server User’s Guide 8 9 (Optional) In the Advanced section, select one or both of the VMware Tools options: Select Check and Upgrade VMware Tools before powering on if you want to automatically upgrade VMware Tools whenever a new version is available. Select Synchronize guest time with host to synchronize the time in the guest operating system with the time in the host operating system. See “Options Tab” on page 93. Click OK to save your changes and return to the Summary tab.
Chapter 7 Running Virtual Machines Setting Snapshot Power Off Options You can set a virtual machine to automatically revert to the snapshot, or to ask you whether you want to revert to the snapshot, whenever you power off the virtual machine. To set a snapshot power off option 1 In the Commands section of the virtual machine’s Summary tab, click Configure VM. 2 Click the Snapshot tab.
VMware Server User’s Guide To change virtual machine runtime settings 1 In the Commands section of the virtual machine’s Summary tab, click Configure VM. 2 Click Advanced. 3 In the Settings section, select an option: Record runtime information — When selected, you can select one of the following: Debugging information — Collects debugging information. You can provide this information to VMware support to troubleshoot any problems you are experiencing.
Chapter 7 Running Virtual Machines Configure Virtualized MMU Settings — Recent CPUs are capable of virtualizing the Memory Management Unit (MMU). This capability almost always improves virtual machine performance. However, there might be cases where it is preferable not to virtualize the MMU.
VMware Server User’s Guide Deleting a Virtual Machine VMware Server includes options to remove a virtual machine from the inventory or to completely delete the virtual machine. You do not need to manipulate files on the host file system to delete a virtual machine. Before you can delete a virtual machine or remove it from the inventory, it must be powered off or suspended. To delete a virtual machine or remove it from the inventory 1 Select the virtual machine you want to delete in the Inventory panel.
Chapter 7 Running Virtual Machines Interacting with the Guest Operating System In general, you can use the guest operating system and applications as you would if they were running directly on a physical computer. To interact with the guest operating system using your mouse or keyboard Click inside the VMware Remote Console window. To transfer control of your mouse and keyboard back to your computer Press Ctrl+Alt.
VMware Server User’s Guide To reduce the VMware Remote Console display so it is running in a window Click the restore button on the toolbar. To return to a window if the mouse pointer is not available Press Ctrl+Alt. Connecting and Disconnecting Client Devices Use VI Web Access to configure virtual machines to use physical CD/DVD and floppy drives and ISO and floppy images on the host system. See Chapter 8, “Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware,” on page 141.
Chapter 7 Running Virtual Machines Viewing the Message Log The Message Log dialog box allows you to open and view VMware Server virtual machine messages and to remove any or all messages from the log. Select VMware Remote Console > Troubleshoot > Message Log. Quitting VMware Remote Console Quit VMware Remote Console before you shut down the computer that it is running on.
VMware Server User’s Guide NOTE To test a Web shortcut, use a different browser or computer. If you use your active VI Web Access browser session to test the Web shortcut, all instances of that browser must be closed before you can log back in to VI Web Access with full user interface capabilities. To create a virtual machine Web shortcut 1 Select the virtual machine from which to generate a Web shortcut in the Inventory panel.
Chapter 7 Running Virtual Machines To create a VMware Remote Console desktop shortcut 1 Select the virtual machine from which to generate a desktop shortcut in the Inventory panel. 2 In the Status section of the Summary tab, click Generate Virtual Machine Shortcut. 3 In the Desktop Shortcut section, click Install Desktop Shortcut to . 4 Confirm that you want to create the shortcut when prompted. The shortcut is created on the desktop. 5 Click OK to return to the Summary tab.
VMware Server User’s Guide 136 Memory — For information about optimal virtual machine memory allocation, see “Allocating Memory to a Virtual Machine” on page 277. For information about how to edit memory allocation for a virtual machine, see “Editing Virtual Machine Memory” on page 277. Hard Disks — For information about changing the settings for an existing hard disk, see “Editing a Virtual Hard Disk” on page 145.
Chapter 7 Running Virtual Machines Adding Hardware to a Virtual Machine Use the Add Hardware wizard to add new hardware to a virtual machine. The virtual machine must be powered off to add most types of hardware. You can add a SCSI virtual disk to a hardware version 7 virtual machine when the virtual machine is powered on. In some circumstances, you can also “hot add” a virtual machine with an earlier hardware version. See “Adding a Hard Disk to a Virtual Machine” on page 144.
VMware Server User’s Guide 5 On the Ready to Complete page, do one of the following: Click Back or navigate using the Pages panel to make changes. If you want to power on the virtual machine immediately after adding the new hardware, select Power on your virtual machine now. Expand More Hardware to add more virtual hardware to the virtual machine before you finish. Each time you finish adding a new device, you return to the Ready to Complete page.
Chapter 7 Running Virtual Machines Advanced Options for Application Developers Application developers can use the following APIs, SDKs, and IDEs when writing and debugging applications that run in virtual machines: VIX API for writing programs to automate virtual machine operations – The API is high‐level, easy to use, and practical for both script writers and application programmers. API functions allow you to register, power on or off virtual machines, and run programs in the guest operating systems.
VMware Server User’s Guide 140 VMware, Inc.
8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware 8 This chapter describes how to use various devices with a virtual machine and includes the following topics: “Configuring Hard Disks” on page 141 “Configuring CD/DVD Drives” on page 150 “Configuring Floppy Drives” on page 154 “Configuring Passthrough (Generic) SCSI Devices” on page 156 “Configuring SCSI Controllers” on page 159 “Configuring USB Controllers and Devices” on page 159 “Configuring Sound” on page 164 “Configuring Serial Po
VMware Server User’s Guide Hard Disk Types and Properties Most virtual machines are configured with one or more virtual hard disks. A virtual disk is a file or set of files that appears as a physical disk to the guest operating system. These files are created in the datastore location that you specify. See “Managing Datastores” on page 110. This section describes the settings you can configure when you add or edit a virtual disk.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware If you have a snapshot, you must remove it before you can change the disk mode when you edit a virtual disk. See “Removing a Snapshot” on page 199. If you select Independent Mode, also select one of the following: Persistent — Disks in persistent mode behave like conventional disks on your physical computer. All data written to a disk in persistent mode are written permanently to the disk.
VMware Server User’s Guide Adding a Hard Disk to a Virtual Machine Virtual disks are stored as files in a datastore. The datastore location can be the local file system, a CIFS store (Windows only), or an NFS‐mounted file system (Linux only). See “Managing Datastores” on page 110. It does not matter whether the datastore location is on an IDE or SCSI physical disk. An IDE virtual disk can be stored on either an IDE physical hard disk or on a SCSI physical hard disk. So can a SCSI virtual disk.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware 3 Make any required changes to the default values on the Properties page, and click Next. For detailed information about settings you can configure on the Properties page, see “Hard Disk Types and Properties” on page 142. The Ready to Complete page displays the hardware settings. 4 Review the configuration summary, and click Finish to complete the wizard. The wizard creates the new virtual disk.
VMware Server User’s Guide If you have a snapshot, you must remove it before you can change the disk capacity. You can only change the disk capacity for SCSI virtual disks. The virtual machine must be powered off. See “Disk Capacity Setting” on page 142. 5 (Optional) In the Virtual Device Node section, select an adapter and device node from the drop‐down menus. See “Device Type and Node Settings” on page 143.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware Virtual Disk Maintenance Tasks Defragmenting virtual disks can improve performance. Shrinking virtual disks reclaims unused space. Defragmenting Virtual Disks Like physical disks, virtual disks can become fragmented. Defragmentation rearranges data, applications, and unused space on the virtual disk so that programs run faster and files open more quickly. Before you begin, make sure that you have adequate free working space on the host system.
VMware Server User’s Guide The disk space is not preallocated for the virtual disk. If the disk space is preallocated, you cannot shrink the disk. (Click the hard disk and select Edit to determine how disk space is allocated.) The virtual machine does not have a snapshot. To remove an existing snapshot, see “Removing a Snapshot” on page 199. If the virtual disk is an independent disk, it must be persistent. See “Disk Mode Settings” on page 142.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware 4 Click Yes. Shrinking disks can take considerable time. 5 Click OK. Using VMware Virtual Disk Manager VMware Virtual Disk Manager is a utility that allows you to create, manage, and modify virtual disk files from the command line or in scripts. Unlike a physical disk, you can enlarge a virtual disk so that the maximum capacity is larger than it was when you created it.
VMware Server User’s Guide Configuring CD/DVD Drives You can use VI Web Access to configure virtual machines to use physical CD/DVD drives and ISO images on the host system. You can use VMware Remote Console to connect to CD/DVD drives and ISO images on your client system, as described in “Connecting and Disconnecting Client Devices” on page 132. This section describes how to add, edit, and remove CD/DVD drives on the host, and how to configure drive settings.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware Accessing the CD/DVD Drive Directly Select Access the drive directly to have the guest operating system communicate directly with the CD/DVD drive. Direct communication with a CD/DVD drive enables you to read multisession CDs, perform digital audio extraction, view video, and burn discs. Adding a CD/DVD Drive to a Virtual Machine You can add one or more CD/DVD drives to your virtual machine.
VMware Server User’s Guide 6 (Optional) In the Virtual Device Node section, select an adapter and device node from the drop‐down menus. For more information, see “Choosing a Device Type for the CD/DVD Drive” on page 150. 7 Click Next. The Ready to Complete page displays the hardware settings. 8 Review the configuration summary, and click Finish to complete the wizard.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware 5 In the Connection section, select Physical Drive or ISO Image. If you select Physical Drive, select the drive to use and select one of the following: ATAPI Emulation — Select if the guest operating system does not work correctly when communicating directly with the CD/DVD drive. For more information, see “Using ATAPI Emulation for CD/DVD Drives” on page 150.
VMware Server User’s Guide Configuring Floppy Drives You can use VI Web Access to configure virtual machines to use physical floppy drives and floppy images on the host system. You can use VMware Remote Console to connect to floppy drives and floppy images on your client system, as described in “Connecting and Disconnecting Client Devices” on page 132. This section describes how to add, edit, and remove floppy drives on the host, and how to configure drive settings.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware 6 Click Next. The Ready to Complete page displays the hardware settings. 7 Review the configuration summary, and click Finish to complete the wizard. NOTE By default, only one floppy drive is enabled in the virtual machine’s BIOS. If you are adding a second floppy drive to the virtual machine, configure the virtual machine to enter the BIOS setup utility when it boots, as described in “Changing Virtual Machine Power Settings” on page 125.
VMware Server User’s Guide 5 In the Connection section, specify whether to connect to a physical drive or a floppy image. Select Physical Drive, Floppy Image, or New Floppy Image. If you select Physical Drive, select a physical drive on the host system from the drop‐down menu. If you select Floppy Image, click Browse to navigate to a file with the .flp extension in an existing datastore. To enter the path manually, you must use the format: [ datastore_name ] path_and_filename.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware In theory, generic SCSI is completely device independent, but VMware has discovered that it is sensitive to the guest operating system, device class, and specific SCSI hardware. Try any SCSI hardware and report problems to VMware technical support. You can add, edit, and remove generic SCSI devices.
VMware Server User’s Guide Editing a Virtual Passthrough (Generic) SCSI Device When you edit a passthrough SCSI device, you can change the physical device. When the virtual machine is powered off, you can also change the virtual device node. To edit an existing generic SCSI device 1 Select the virtual machine in the Inventory panel. 2 In the Hardware section of the Summary tab, click the SCSI device to modify and select Edit. 3 (Optional) Under Connection, select the physical device to use.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware Configuring SCSI Controllers SCSI controllers are added and removed automatically as needed. VMware Server supports up to four SCSI controllers. You can edit the SCSI controller device type. CAUTION Changing the device type before you install the corresponding driver in the guest operating system might prevent the virtual machine from booting. See “Device Type and Node Settings” on page 143.
VMware Server User’s Guide When the virtual machine is powered on, a USB controller menu appears in the toolbar. Use it to connect to USB devices, as described in “Connecting USB Devices” on page 160. Removing a USB Controller from a Virtual Machine You can remove the USB controller from a virtual machine if you no longer want to use USB devices in the virtual machine. To remove the USB controller 1 Select the virtual machine in the Inventory panel. 2 Make sure that the virtual machine is powered off.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware To release a connected USB device 1 Select the virtual machine in the Inventory panel. 2 From the USB controller menu in the toolbar, deselect the device you want to disconnect. The USB device returns to the deselected state in the toolbar menu. Using USB Devices in a Virtual Machine VMware Server provides a two‐port USB controller so that you can connect to both USB 1.1 and USB 2.0 devices. USB 2.
VMware Server User’s Guide Using USB with a Windows Host When a particular USB device is connected to a virtual machine for the first time, the host detects it as a new device named VMware USB Device and installs the appropriate VMware driver. On some Windows host systems, confirmation is required in the Found New Hardware wizard. Select the default action, Install the software automatically.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware Using USB with a Linux Host On Linux hosts, VMware Server uses the USB device file system to connect to USB devices. In Linux systems that support USB, the USB device file system is usually /proc/bus/usb.
VMware Server User’s Guide Device Control on a Linux Host On Linux hosts, guest operating systems can use devices that are not already in use by the host (devices that are not claimed by a host operating system driver). If your device is in use by the host, you can unload the device driver manually as root (su -) by using the rmmod command. Or, if the driver was automatically loaded by hotplug, you can disable it in the hotplug configuration files in the /etc/hotplug directory.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware Windows 2000, Windows XP, and most recent Linux distributions automatically detect the sound device and install appropriate drivers for it. When you install VMware Tools in a 64‐bit Windows Vista guest operating system, a sound driver is installed. For 32‐bit Windows Vista guests and Windows 2003 Server guests, use Windows Update to install a 32‐bit driver. Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 98SE, and Windows NT 4.
VMware Server User’s Guide 3 (Optional) To connect this virtual machine to the sound adapter when the virtual machine is powered on, select Connect at power on. 4 Select the physical sound adapter on the host machine, or select Auto Detect to detect the sound adapter automatically. 5 Click OK to save your changes. Removing a Sound Adapter from a Virtual Machine You can remove the sound adapter from a virtual machine if you no longer want to use the host system’s sound device.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware To add a physical serial port to the virtual machine 1 From the Add Hardware or New Virtual Machine wizard, click Serial Port. For information about how to start the Add Hardware wizard, see “Adding Hardware to a Virtual Machine” on page 137. 2 Click Use Physical Serial Port to connect to a physical port on the host machine. 3 On the Properties page, select a physical port from the drop‐down menu.
VMware Server User’s Guide 6 Click Next. The Ready to Complete page displays the hardware settings. 7 Review the configuration summary, and click Finish to complete the wizard. To add a named pipe serial port to the virtual machine 1 From the Add Hardware or New Virtual Machine wizard, click Serial Port. For information about how to start the Add Hardware wizard, see “Adding Hardware to a Virtual Machine” on page 137.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware 8 Click Next. The Ready to Complete page displays the hardware settings. 9 Review the configuration summary, and click Finish to complete the wizard. Editing a Virtual Serial Port You can edit an existing virtual serial port to change its configuration settings. To edit an existing serial port 1 Select the virtual machine in the Inventory panel. 2 Make sure that the virtual machine is powered off.
VMware Server User’s Guide 6 (Optional) Select Yield CPU on poll. The kernel in the target virtual machine uses the virtual serial port in polled mode, not interrupt mode. For more information, see “Yielding CPU on Poll to Improve Performance When Debugging” on page 176. 7 Click OK to save your changes. Removing a Serial Port from a Virtual Machine You can remove a serial port from a virtual machine if you no longer want to use it.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware To connect a virtual serial port and an application on the host 1 From the Add Hardware or New Virtual Machine wizard, click Serial Port. For information about how to start the Add Hardware wizard, see “Adding Hardware to a Virtual Machine” on page 137. 2 Click Use Named Pipe. 3 On the Properties page, enter the path and filename for the pipe.
VMware Server User’s Guide Connecting Two Virtual Machines You can set up the virtual serial ports in two virtual machines to connect to each other. For example, an application in one virtual machine (the client) can capture debugging information sent from the other (the server) virtual machine’s serial port. The following procedures describe how to set up the server and the client to connect to each other using virtual serial ports.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware To set up the client side of the connection 1 From the Add Hardware or New Virtual Machine wizard, click Serial Port. For information about how to start the Add Hardware wizard, see “Adding Hardware to a Virtual Machine” on page 137. 2 Click Use Named Pipe. 3 On the Properties page, enter the path and filename for the pipe. Depending on the host system, enter one of the following: On Windows hosts: The pipe name must be in the format \\.\pipe\
VMware Server User’s Guide Serial Port Debugging Usage Examples You can use Debugging Tools for Windows (WinDbg) or the command line Kernel Debugger (KD) to debug kernel code in a virtual machine over a virtual serial port. You can download Debugging Tools for Windows from the Windows DDK Web site at http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/devtools/debugging/default.mspx.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware 4 5 Confirm the path and filename for the pipe. Depending on the host system, enter one of the following: On Windows hosts: The pipe name must be in the format \\.\pipe\. The name must begin with \\.\pipe\. On Linux hosts: The pipe name must be /tmp/ or another UNIX socket name of your choice. At the command prompt on the host system, do one of the following: If you are using WinDbg, enter the following: windbg -k com:port=\\.\p
VMware Server User’s Guide When you are ready to continue, complete the following steps: 1 Power on both virtual machines. 2 Make sure that the serial port is connected. 3 In the debugger virtual machine, start debugging with WinDbg or KD. Advanced Options for Debugging Applications Certain configuration options are available for serial connections between a virtual machine and the host or between two virtual machines.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware The value is a positive integer that specifies the time taken to transmit a character, expressed as a percentage of the default speed set for the serial port in the guest operating system. For example, a setting of 200 forces the port to take twice as long per character, or send data at half the default speed. A setting of 50 forces the port to take half as long per character, or send data at twice the default speed.
VMware Server User’s Guide To add an output file parallel port to the virtual machine 1 Select the virtual machine in the Inventory panel. 2 From the Add Hardware or New Virtual Machine wizard, click Parallel Port. For information about how to start the Add Hardware wizard, see “Adding Hardware to a Virtual Machine” on page 137. 3 Click Output file. 4 On the Properties page, type the path and filename for the output file or click Browse to navigate to a file in an existing datastore.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware Removing a Parallel Port from a Virtual Machine You can remove a virtual parallel port from a virtual machine if you no longer want to use it. To remove an existing parallel port 1 Select the virtual machine in the Inventory panel. 2 Make sure that the virtual machine is powered off. 3 In the Hardware section of the Summary tab, click the parallel port to remove and select Remove. 4 A dialog box asks you to confirm that you want to remove the device.
VMware Server User’s Guide Configuring a Parallel Port on a Linux Host For the parallel port to work properly in a guest operating system, it must first be configured properly on the host system. This section discusses issues with parallel port functionality that are a result of the incorrect configuration of the following host settings: Linux kernel version Device access permissions Required modules Parallel Ports and Linux 2.2.x Kernels The 2.2.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware 4 If the lp module is loaded, run the following command as the root user to remove it: rmmod lp 5 Verify that the line referring to the lp module in the /etc/modules.conf or /etc/conf.modules file is removed or commented out by inserting a hash character (#) at the beginning of the line. The name of the configuration file depends on the Linux distribution you are using.
VMware Server User’s Guide 5 If the lp module is loaded, run this command as the root user to remove it: rmmod lp 6 Verify that the line referring to the lp module in the /etc/modules.conf or /etc/conf.modules file is removed or commented out by inserting a hash character (#) at the beginning of the line. The name of the configuration file depends on the Linux distribution you are using. When you reboot the host after removing this line, the configuration file no longer starts the lp module.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware 4 Verify that the line referring to the lp module in the /etc/modules.conf or /etc/conf.modules file is removed or commented out by inserting a hash character (#) at the beginning of the line. The name of the configuration file depends on the Linux distribution you are using. When you reboot the host after removing this line, the configuration file no longer starts the lp module.
VMware Server User’s Guide Notes for Using the Iomega Zip Drive On Windows 95 or Windows 98 guest operating systems, using older drivers for the Iomega Zip drive might cause the guest to lock up intermittently at boot time or during installation of the guest operating system. The newest Iomega drivers work reliably in VMware tests. They are available from the Iomega Web site.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware X Key Codes Compared to Keysyms Pressing a key on the PC keyboard generates a scan code based roughly on the position of the key. For example, the Z key on a German keyboard generates the same code as the Y key on an English keyboard, because they are in the same position on the keyboard. Most keys have one‐byte scan codes, but some keys have two‐byte scan codes with prefix 0xe0.
VMware Server User’s Guide Configuring How Key Codes Are Mapped Key code mapping is simple, automatic, and foolproof. (Keysym mapping is more complex and is described later.) However, because the program cannot tell whether a remote server is running on a PC or on some other kind of computer, it uses key code mapping only with local X servers. This approach might have undesirable effects.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware Configuring How Keysyms Are Mapped When key code mapping cannot be used (or is disabled), VMware Server maps keysyms to v‐scan codes. It does this using one of the tables in the xkeymap directory in the VMware Server installation (usually /usr//lib/vmware). Which table you use depends on the keyboard layout. The normal distribution includes tables for PC keyboards for the United States and a number of European countries and languages.
VMware Server User’s Guide xkeymap.fileName = "" Use the keysym mapping table in . A table is a sequence of configuration lines using the following format: = "" where is an X keysym name, and is a C‐syntax hexadecimal number (for example, 0x001). (See the explanation of xkeymap.keysym above for tips on finding the keysyms and v‐scan codes for your keyboard.) Compiling a complete keysym mapping is difficult.
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware Table 8-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard (Continued) Symbol Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code R 0x013 T 0x014 Y 0x015 U 0x016 I 0x017 O 0x018 P 0x019 [ { 0x01a ] } 0x01b Enter 0x01c Ctrl left 0x01d A 0x01e S 0x01f D 0x020 F 0x021 G 0x022 H 0x023 J 0x024 K 0x025 L 0x026 ; 0x027 ʹ 0x028 ` 0x029 Shift \ left | 0x02a 0x02b Z 0x02c X 0x02d C 0x02e V 0x02f VMware, Inc.
VMware Server User’s Guide Table 8-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard (Continued) Symbol Shifted Symbol Location B 0x030 N 0x031 M 0x032 , < 0x033 .
Chapter 8 Configuring Virtual Machine Hardware Table 8-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S.
VMware Server User’s Guide The 84‐key keyboard has a Sys Req key on the numeric pad. Its v‐scan code is 0x054. Keyboards outside the U.S. usually have an extra key (often < > or < > | ) next to the left shift key. The v‐scan code for this key is 0x056. 192 VMware, Inc.
9 Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine 9 Suspending a virtual machine allows you to save the current state so that you can continue work later from the same state. Taking a snapshot allows you to preserve the state of a virtual machine so that you can return to the same state repeatedly. To perform suspend or snapshot operations, you must have the required permissions.
VMware Server User’s Guide Configuring Hard Suspend or Soft Suspend You can configure VMware Server to run a VMware Tools script in the guest operating system before suspending the virtual machine. This configuration is called a soft suspend. Before you begin, make sure that VMware Tools is installed in the guest operating system. See Chapter 5, “Installing and Using VMware Tools,” on page 73.
Chapter 9 Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine Suspending or Resuming a Virtual Machine The suspend and resume operations allow you save the current state of your virtual machine and continue work later from the same state. Before suspending a virtual machine, configure the hard suspend or soft suspend settings. See “Configuring Hard Suspend or Soft Suspend” on page 194. To suspend a virtual machine 1 Select the virtual machine that is powered on in the Inventory panel.
VMware Server User’s Guide Starting a Virtual Machine Repeatedly in the Same State You can configure a virtual machine to revert to a snapshot any time it is powered off, as described in “Setting Snapshot Power Off Options” on page 127. For example, you might use this feature when setting up student virtual machines so that you can start each new class at the beginning of the lesson, discarding the previous student’s work.
Chapter 9 Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine Enabling and Disabling Background Snapshots for All Virtual Machines Taking a snapshot is not instantaneous. You can edit a host‐wide setting to take snapshots as a background activity. This allows you to continue working while VMware Server preserves the state of the virtual machine. However, enabling background snapshots for a host with slow hard disks can adversely affect performance.
VMware Server User’s Guide Excluding Virtual Disks from Snapshots In certain virtual machine configurations, you might want to revert some disks to a snapshot while other disks retain all changes. For example, you might want a snapshot to preserve a disk with your operating system and applications, while always keeping the changes to a disk with your documents and data.
Chapter 9 Preserving the State of a Virtual Machine Reverting to a Snapshot You can restore the virtual machine to the point in time that a snapshot was taken. The current disk, settings, and memory states are discarded, and the virtual machine reverts to the disk, settings, and memory states of the snapshot. See “What Is Captured by a Snapshot” on page 196.
VMware Server User’s Guide 200 VMware, Inc.
10 Managing Roles and Permissions 10 This chapter describes how to manage access to VMware Server using roles and permissions. VMware Server authenticates users based on the login user name and password combination. Roles assigned to users on VMware Server objects determine what actions users can perform on those objects.
VMware Server User’s Guide Group Membership — A group is collection of users. A user can be a member of one or more groups. Groups provide a convenient way to manage a collection of users. Groups are created and managed using the mechanisms provided by the host operating system. Privileges — A privilege is a right to perform an individual action on an object or category of objects.
Chapter 10 Managing Roles and Permissions Managing Users A user is an individual authorized to log in to VMware Server. Users can access VMware Server using VI Web Access, the vmrun command, the VIX API, or a third‐party client. To create, remove, or modify users on a VMware Server system, use the mechanisms provided by the host operating system. Users removed from a VMware Server host lose access to all VMware Server objects and are not able to log on again.
VMware Server User’s Guide Table 10‐1 lists the predefined system roles. Table 10-1. System Roles Role Description of User Capabilities No Access User Cannot view or change the associated object. Tabs associated with the object display without content. This is the default role for all users, except for users in the Administrators group. Read Only User Can view the object state and details about the object. Can view all tabs, except for the Console tab.
Chapter 10 Managing Roles and Permissions Editing and Renaming Roles When you edit a user‐defined role, you can change any or all of the privileges selected for that role. When completed, these modified privileges are immediately applied to any user or group assigned the role. You can also rename an existing role. System roles cannot be edited or renamed. To edit a role 1 From the VI Web Access menu bar, select Administration > Manage Roles. 2 In the Roles list, select the role you want to modify.
VMware Server User’s Guide 4 To confirm that you want to delete the selected role, click OK. 5 If the role is assigned to one or more users or groups, a warning dialog box appears, and you must select one of following the options: 6 Remove role — Removes the role and all associated permissions. Users and groups that have no other permissions assigned no longer have any privileges. Convert role — Reassigns any associated permissions to the role you select from the drop‐down menu. Click OK.
Chapter 10 Managing Roles and Permissions 4 Select the user or group to which you want to assign a role on this object. When you have a large number of users and groups, only some of them are displayed. To find a subset of users or groups, enter a search value in the Quick Find text box. 5 Select the role you want to assign from the drop‐down list. When you select a role, the privileges granted with the role are selected in the Privilege tree for your reference.
VMware Server User’s Guide Removing Permissions Removing a permission for a user or group does not remove the user or group. It does not remove the role either. It removes the pairing of the role and the user or group from the selected inventory object. To remove a permission for a user or group 1 Click the host’s or virtual machine’s Permissions tab. 2 In the Permissions list, select the permission you want to remove. 3 In the Commands section, click Remove Permission.
Chapter 10 Managing Roles and Permissions Group A is assigned Role 1 on virtual machine VM. Group B is assigned Role 2 on virtual machine VM. User 1 belongs to groups A and B. User 1 is not assigned individual permissions. In this example, when User 1 logs on, the user can both power on and take snapshots of the virtual machine. The following example shows how a user’s permissions can be limited by overriding group permissions: Roles and groups are defined as in the previous example.
VMware Server User’s Guide 210 VMware, Inc.
11 Configuring a Virtual Network 11 The first topics in this chapter introduce the virtual networking components that VMware Server provides and describe how you can use them with your virtual machine. The rest of the chapter provides more detail on networking capabilities and specialized configurations.
VMware Server User’s Guide Network Basics VMware Server provides multiple ways you can configure a virtual machine for virtual networking: Bridged networking — Configures your virtual machine as a unique identity on the network, separate from and unrelated to its host. Other computers on the network can communicate directly with the virtual machine. Bridged networking works with Ethernet, DSL, cable, wireless, and legacy phone modems. See “Bridged Networking” on page 215.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network On a Linux host, when you install and configure VMware Server, you can choose to have bridged, host‐only, and NAT networking available to your virtual machines by configuring each option when you run vmware-config.pl. You can later reconfigure networking to add, delete, or modify virtual networks by rerunning vmware-config.pl. Components of the Virtual Network The following sections describe the devices that make up a virtual network.
VMware Server User’s Guide Internal DHCP Server The VMware internal DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol) server provides IP network addresses to virtual machines in configurations that are not bridged to an external network. Host‐only and NAT network configurations use the DHCP server (bridged configurations do not). Virtual Network Adapter One virtual network adapter (also known as a virtual NIC) is set up for your virtual machine when you create it with the New Virtual Machine wizard.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network On a Windows host, the software that creates the host virtual adapter is installed when you install VMware Server. On a Linux host, you must select host‐only networking when you run vmware-config.pl to install the host virtual adapter.
VMware Server User’s Guide Requirements for IP Addresses If you use bridged networking, your virtual machine must have its own identity on the network. For example, on a TCP/IP network, the virtual machine needs its own IP address. Your network administrator can tell you whether IP addresses are available for your virtual machine and which networking settings to use in the guest operating system.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network Figure 11-2. Network Address Translation Setup virtual network adapter virtual network switch (VMnet8) virtual machine NAT device DHCP server network If you select NAT, the virtual machine can use many standard TCP/IP protocols to connect to other machines on the external network. For example, you can use HTTP to browse Web sites, FTP to transfer files, and Telnet to log on to other computers.
VMware Server User’s Guide How to Edit the Setting Later If you make some other selection in the New Virtual Machine wizard and later decide you want to use NAT, you can make that change as described in “Changing the Networking Configuration” on page 222. For a more thorough discussion of NAT, see “Understanding NAT” on page 248. Host-Only Networking Host‐only networking creates a network that is completely contained within the host computer.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network Routing and Connection Sharing If you install the proper routing or proxy software on your host computer, you can establish a connection between the virtual network adapter and a physical network adapter on the host computer. This allows you, for example, to connect the virtual machine to a Token Ring or other non‐Ethernet network.
VMware Server User’s Guide Figure 11-4.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network 2 Set up four virtual machines using the New Virtual Machine wizard as described in Chapter 4, “Creating and Upgrading Virtual Machines,” on page 59: a Create the first virtual machine using the default bridged network (VMnet0), so it can connect to an external network with the host computer’s network adapter. This virtual machine acts as the outside firewall for the DMZ, and is named FW‐1 in this procedure.
VMware Server User’s Guide 7 Determine the network addresses used for VMnet2 and VMnet3: On Windows hosts, open a command prompt and run: ipconfig /all Note the network addresses used by each virtual adapter. On Linux hosts, open a terminal and run: ifconfig Note the network addresses used by each virtual switch. 8 Power on each virtual machine in turn and install the appropriate guest operating system.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network Refreshing the Network On Windows, to configure custom virtual networks you must use the virtual network editor (from the Windows Start menu, select Programs > VMware Server > Manage Virtual Networks). After you make changes using the virtual network editor, you must update the network list in VI Web Access using the Refresh Network List command.
VMware Server User’s Guide 6 (Optional) To have the network adapter connected to the virtual machine when you power it on, select Connect at power on (the default). 7 Click Next. The Ready to Complete page appears and displays the hardware settings. 8 Review the configuration summary, and click Finish to complete the wizard.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network 6 Click OK to save your changes. 7 Make sure the guest operating system is configured to use an appropriate IP address on the new network. If the guest is using DHCP, release and renew the lease. If the IP address is set statically, make sure the guest has an address on the correct virtual network. Removing a Network Adapter from a Virtual Machine If you no longer want to use a network adapter in a virtual machine, you can remove it.
VMware Server User’s Guide You can restrict the range of choices using the options on the Automatic Bridging tab. (VMnet1 is the default virtual network for host‐only networking and VMnet8 is the default virtual network for NAT, if they are enabled in VMware Server.) 3 To exclude one or more physical network adapters from the list to which VMnet0 can be bridged, click the Automatic Bridging tab. To exclude a network adapter, click Add to add it to the list of excluded devices.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network 5 To make changes to the subnet or the DHCP settings for a virtual network, click the button on the right that corresponds to the virtual network you want to configure, and select Subnet or DHCP. In the Subnet dialog box, you can change the subnet’s IP address and the subnet mask. The address must be a valid network address that is suitable for use with the subnet mask. The default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 (a class‐C network).
VMware Server User’s Guide To disable a host virtual adapter on a Windows host 1 Start the virtual network editor (from the Windows Start menu, select Programs > VMware Server > Manage Virtual Networks). 2 Select the Host Virtual Adapters tab. 3 Select the adapter you want to disable. 4 Click Disable adapter. 5 Click OK.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network To remove a host virtual adapter on a Linux host 1 As root (su -), run the VMware Server configuration program. vmware-config.pl To configure VMware Server correctly, the vmware-config.pl configuration program requires all virtual machines to be shut down. The program shuts down any running virtual machines automatically.
VMware Server User’s Guide Advanced Networking Topics The following sections describe advanced networking topics. Selecting IP Addresses on a Host-Only Network or NAT Configuration A host‐only network uses a private virtual network. The host and all virtual machines configured for host‐only networking are connected to the network through a virtual switch. Typically all the parties on this private network use the TCP/IP protocol suite, although other communication protocols can be used.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network In general, if you have virtual machines you intend to use frequently or for extended periods of time, it is probably most convenient to assign them static IP addresses or to configure the VMware DHCP server to always assign the same IP address to each of these virtual machines. To configure the DHCP server on a Linux host 1 On a Linux host, configure the host‐only DHCP server by editing the DHCP configuration file for VMnet1 (/etc/vmware/vmnet1/dhcp/dhcp.conf).
VMware Server User’s Guide Table 11-1. Address Use on a Host-Only Network Range Address Use Example .1 Host machine 192.168.0.1 .2–.127 Static addresses 192.168.0.2–192.168.0.127 .128–.253 DHCP‐assigned 192.168.0.128–192.168.0.253 .254 DHCP server 192.168.0.254 .255 Broadcasting 192.168.0.255 Table 11-2. Address Use on a NAT Network Range Address Use Example .1 Host machine 192.168.0.1 .2 NAT device 192.168.0.2 .3–.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network Select Start > Programs > Administrative Tools > Routing and Remote Access. An icon on the left is labeled with the host name. If a green dot appears over the icon, IP forwarding is turned on. To turn it off, right‐click the icon and disable Routing and Remote Access. A red dot appears, indicating that IP forwarding is disabled.
VMware Server User’s Guide Maintaining and Changing the MAC Address of a Virtual Machine When a virtual machine is powered on, VMware Server assigns each of its virtual network adapters an Ethernet media access control (MAC) address. A MAC address is the unique address assigned to each Ethernet network device. The software guarantees that virtual machines are assigned unique MAC addresses within a given host system.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network Assigning a Specific MAC Address Manually Assign a specific MAC address using the procedure described in “Editing a Virtual Network Adapter” on page 224. This guarantees the following: The same MAC address is assigned to a given virtual machine every time you power it on, even if the virtual machine is moved. A unique MAC address for each virtual machine within a networked environment.
VMware Server User’s Guide Potential Issues with Host-Only Networking on a Linux Host The following are common issues you might encounter when you are configuring a host‐only network. DHCPD on the Linux Host Does Not Work After VMware Server Installation If you were running the DHCP server program dhcpd on your machine before installing VMware Server, it probably was configured to respond to DHCP requests from clients on any network interface present on the machine.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network If you want to use names to communicate with other virtual machines, you must either edit the DHCP configuration file for VMnet1 (/etc/vmware/vmnet1.conf) or use IP addresses that are statically bound to a host name. Editing the DHCP server configuration file requires information that is best obtained directly from the DHCP server documentation. Consult the manual pages dhcpd(8) and dhcpd.conf(8).
VMware Server User’s Guide Configuring Bridged Networking When Using Teamed Network Interface Cards Network adapter teaming (where two or more network interface cards work as one and appear as a single, separate device) provides a VMware Server host and the virtual machines running on it with a level of network hardware fault tolerance. If one physical network adapter fails, then network traffic for the host and virtual machines can continue using the remaining network adapters in the team.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network VMware Server supports teamed Broadcom‐based network adapters when used with Broadcom teaming software in the following modes: Generic Trunking (FEC/GEC/802.3ad‐Draft Static) Link Aggregation (802.3ad) Smart Load Balance and Fail Over VMware Server supports teamed Intel‐based network adapters when used with Intel PROSet version 6.4 or higher (32‐bit hosts) or PROSet version 10.
VMware Server User’s Guide 6 Clear the VMware Bridge Protocol check box. 7 Click OK to close the property sheet. Alternately, you can use the virtual network editor to either map the teamed network adapter to VMnet0 or exclude the physical adapters from any automatic bridging by VMware Server. For information, see “Configuring Bridged Networking Options on a Windows Host” on page 225.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network To set up the second host-only interface on a Windows host 1 From the Windows Start menu, select Programs > VMware Server > Manage Virtual Networks. 2 Click Host Virtual Adapters. 3 Click Add new adapter. 4 Select the virtual network on which to use the adapter and click OK. 5 Click Apply. 6 Click OK to close the virtual network editor.
VMware Server User’s Guide Configuring the Virtual Machines Now you have two host‐only interfaces (VMnet1 and VMnet2). You are ready to set up your virtual machines for one of the following configurations: The virtual machine is configured with one virtual network adapter, and that virtual adapter is connected to the default host‐only interface (VMnet 1).
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network Configuration 3 — Connect to Two Host-Only Interfaces 1 Create the virtual machine or use an existing virtual machine. 2 Launch VI Web Access and select the virtual machine. 3 Edit the configuration using the virtual network editor. Select the first network adapter in the list of devices, select Custom, and select VMnet1 (Host‐only) (on a Windows host) or /dev/vmnet1 (on a Linux host) from the drop‐down list on the right.
VMware Server User’s Guide Setting Up the First Host-Only Interface On Windows hosts, the first host‐only network is set up when you install VMware Server. On Linux hosts, the first host‐only network is set up when you run the vmware-config.pl program after you install VMware Server, provided you agree to install host‐only networking. If you did not agree to use host‐only networking, you need to run the script again to set up host‐only networking.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network 3 Complete the wizard. When it is finished, it restarts all services used by VMware Server. 4 Run ifconfig. You should see at least four network interfaces — eth0, lo, vmnet1, and vmnet2. If the VMnet interfaces do not show up immediately, wait for a minute, then run the command again. These four interfaces should have different IP address on separate subnets. Setting Up the Virtual Machines Now you have two host‐only network adapters on the host computer.
VMware Server User’s Guide Virtual Machine 3 — Connected to Both Host-Only Interfaces If you plan to run the router software on a virtual machine, set up a third virtual machine for that purpose. 1 Create the virtual machine or use an existing virtual machine. 2 Edit the configuration using the virtual network editor.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network 5 If you are running the router on the host computer, assign default router addresses based on the addresses of the host‐only adapters on the host computer. In the first virtual machine’s networking configuration, the default router address should be the IP address for the host‐only adapter connected to VMnet1. In the second virtual machine’s networking configuration, the default router address should be the IP address for the host‐only adapter connected to VMnet2.
VMware Server User’s Guide If you want all users to be able to set the virtual network Adapter (/dev/vmnet0 in our example) to promiscuous mode, run the following command as the root user on the host: chmod a+rw /dev/vmnet0 Understanding NAT Network address translation, or NAT, provides a simple way for virtual machines to use most client applications over almost any type of network connection available to the host. The only requirement for NAT is that the network connection must support TCP/IP.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network The Host Computer and the NAT Network The host computer has a host virtual adapter on the NAT network (identical to the host virtual adapter on the host‐only network). This adapter allows the host and the virtual machines to communicate with each other for such purposes as file sharing. The NAT never forwards traffic from the host virtual adapter.
VMware Server User’s Guide External Access from the NAT Network In general, any protocol using TCP or UDP can be used automatically by a virtual machine on the NAT network so long as the virtual machine initiates the network connection. This is true for most client applications such as Web browsing, Telnet, passive‐mode FTP, and downloading streaming video. Additional protocol support has been built into the NAT device to allow FTP and ICMP echo (ping) to work completely transparently through the NAT.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network Advanced NAT Configuration Read the section that corresponds to your host operating system for information about configuring NAT for your virtual machines. Windows Hosts Configure the NAT device using the virtual network editor (from the Windows Start menu, select Programs > VMware Server > Manage Virtual Networks, and click the NAT tab). You can stop, restart, and start the virtual NAT device by clicking the appropriate button.
VMware Server User’s Guide You can specify DNS servers to be used by the virtual NAT device. To do so, click DNS. A dialog box appears. You can change the Policy for using multiple DNS servers if you prefer to use Rotate or Burst instead of the default setting of Order. To add a DNS server to the list, click Add. Another dialog box appears. Enter the DNS serverʹs IP address in the IP address field. The Description field is optional. When you have made the desired settings, click OK.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network The [host] Section ip The IP address that the NAT device should use. It can optionally be followed by a slash and the number of bits in the subnet. netmask The subnet mask to use for the NAT. DHCP addresses are allocated from this range of addresses. configport A port that can be used to access status information about the NAT. device The VMnet device to use. Linux devices are of the format /dev/vmnet. VMnet8 is the default NAT device.
VMware Server User’s Guide The [incomingudp] Section Use this section to configure UDP port forwarding for NAT. You can assign a port number to an IP address and port number on a virtual machine. The following line shows the format used in this section. It illustrates a way to forward X server traffic from the host port 6000 to the virtual machine’s port 6001. 6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001 This example creates a mapping from port 6000 on the host to the IP address 192.168.27.128 and port 6001.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network This behavior is controlled by entries in sections headed [privilegedUDP] and [privilegedTCP]. You might have to add settings to or modify settings in either or both of these sections, depending on the kind of connection you need to make. You can set two parameters, each of which appears on a separate line.
VMware Server User’s Guide To use NetLogon, you need to know how WINS servers and Windows domain controllers work. This section explains how to set up the virtual machine to use NetLogon. The setup process is similar to the way you set up a physical computer on one LAN that is using a domain controller on another LAN. To log on to a Windows domain outside the virtual NAT network, the virtual machine needs access to a WINS server for that domain.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network 3 In the Properties dialog box, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and click Properties. 4 In the TCP/IP Properties dialog box, click Advanced. 5 Click the WINS tab, and click Add. 6 In the TCP/IP WINS Server dialog box, enter the IP address for the WINS server in the WINS server field, and click OK. The IP address of the WINS server appears in the WINS addresses list on the WINS tab.
VMware Server User’s Guide #allowAnyOUI = 1 [udp] # Timeout in seconds, 0 = no timeout, default = 60; real value might # be up to 100% longer timeout = 30 [incomingtcp] # Use these with care - anyone can enter into your virtual machine through # these... # FTP (both active and passive FTP is always enabled) # ftp localhost 8887 #8887 = 192.168.27.128:21 # WEB (make sure that if you are using named webhosting, names point to # your host, not to guest...
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network If you already have Samba configured on your Linux host, the recommended approach is to modify that configuration so it includes the IP subnet used by the VMware Server virtual network adapter, VMnet1. You can configure your existing Samba server to work with a host‐only network. All the shares you set up in Samba and in the guest operating system normally appear on the bridged network as well.
VMware Server User’s Guide # # # # # # # # # # # might wish to enable Configuration file for Samba 2.0.6 vmware-[sn]mbd operating on vmnet1. This file was generated by the VMware configuration program and modified for this document. If you modify it, it will be backed up the next time you run the configuration program. # Global settings [global] # This should be polled at install time from the private subnet created by # vmware-config.pl socket address = 192.168.183.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network # Shared resources # Home directories [homes] comment = Home directories browseable = no writable = yes # Printers ;[printers] ; comment = All printers ; path = /var/lpd ; browseable = no ; guest ok = no ; writable = no ; printable = yes ;[HostFS] ; comment = VMware host filesystem ; path = / ; public = no ; writeable = yes ; printable = no Sample smb.conf for Bridged Networking The following sample Samba configuration file is for use with bridged networking.
VMware Server User’s Guide interfaces = eth0 workgroup = WORKGROUP netbios name = HOSTNAME server string = Samba Host Box # # ; ; ; Note: Printers not loaded in this example. Resource definitions commented below. printcap name = lpstat load printers = yes printing = cups socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 log file = /var/log/samba/log.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network ;[system] ; comment = System share ; path = / ; valid users = username ; public = no ; browsable = yes ; writable = yes ; printable = no Adding User Names and Passwords to the VMware Server Samba Password File You must be sure the Samba password file includes entries for all users of the virtual machine who will access the host’s file system.
VMware Server User’s Guide When the configuration program prompts: Do you want this script to automatically configure your system to allow your virtual machines to access the host file system? Type yes. If You Are Already Running Samba If you already have Samba running on your Linux host, do not install the VMware Server Samba server when you are installing VMware Server on your host.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network Using a Samba Server for Both Bridged and Host-Only Networks You can use the Samba server of your choice — either the existing Samba server from your host operating system’s distribution or the one provided with VMware Server — for both host‐only and bridged networking. To do so, you must modify one parameter in the smb.conf file. You can define the interface parameter so your Samba server serves multiple interfaces.
VMware Server User’s Guide ; Allow several Samba servers on the same machine interfaces = / bind interfaces only = yes ; Workgroup the host belongs to workgroup = VMware ; SMB name of the host (the hostname by default) netbios name = ; Description of the host server string = Linux running Samba 2.0.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network ; Home directories [homes] comment = Home directories browseable = no writable = yes ; Printers ;[printers] ; comment = All printers ; path = /var/lpd ; browseable = no ; guest ok = no ; writable = no ; printable = yes [Slash] comment = Whole filesystem path = / public = no writeable = yes printable = no Using the Virtual Network Editor Using the Virtual Network Editor, you can view and change many key settings for networking in your virtual machines and create cus
VMware Server User’s Guide Click the DHCP tab to specify which virtual networks use the virtual DHCP server or to configure DHCP settings for any of those networks. For more information, see “DHCP Tab” on page 269. Click the NAT tab to configure settings for the virtual network address translation (NAT) device. For more information, see “NAT Tab” on page 270. Automatic Bridging Tab By default, VMware Server automatically bridges VMnet0 to the first available physical network adapter on the host.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network Changing Subnet and Netmask Settings To view or change the subnet settings for a virtual network, click the > button for that virtual network. A context menu appears, from which you can select Subnet. Make any changes you wish, and click OK. Changing DHCP Settings To view or change DHCP settings for a virtual network, click the > button for that virtual network. A context menu appears, from which you can select DHCP. Make any changes you wish, and click OK.
VMware Server User’s Guide To add a new virtual network to the list, click Add. In the dialog box that appears, select the network you want to add from the drop‐down list, and click OK. (At this point, you cannot change any of the other settings in the DHCP Settings dialog box.) On the DHCP tab, click Apply to activate the new network. You can now select the newly added network and change the settings, as follows. To change DHCP settings for a virtual network, select it in the list, and click Properties.
Chapter 11 Configuring a Virtual Network Port forwarding — Port forwarding lets you send incoming TCP or UDP requests to a specific virtual machine on the virtual network served by the NAT device. To set up and configure forwarded ports, click Port Forwarding, and complete the dialog box that appears, as follows: Host port — Specify the number of the incoming TCP or UDP port. For example, incoming HTTP requests are usually on port 80.
VMware Server User’s Guide 272 To add a DNS server to the list, click Add and enter the DNS server’s IP address in the IP address field. The Description field is optional. To change settings for a server already listed, select its name in the list, and click Properties. Active FTP — Clear this check box if you want to allow only passive mode FTP over the NAT device.
12 Performance Tuning for VMware Server 12 This chapter describes how to optimize VMware Server performance by configuring and maintaining VMware Server host systems, host‐wide VMware Server settings, and virtual machines.
VMware Server User’s Guide Defragmenting Hard Disks Disk access performance is degraded when the physical disk that stores the virtual machine disk files and working directory is fragmented.
Chapter 12 Performance Tuning for VMware Server Increasing NIC Interrupt Coalescing Interrupt coalescing is a configurable feature in high‐performance NICs. Interrupt coalescing provides notification of the reception of a group of network frames to the operating system kernel through hardware interrupts. Increasing interrupt coalescing on host NICs can improve performance for workloads involving heavy network traffic to the guest system.
VMware Server User’s Guide Reserving Host Memory for Virtual Machine Use You can limit the amount of host memory that VMware Server is allowed to consume for all running virtual machines. This is the reserved memory limit, configured as described in “Reserving Host Memory for All Virtual Machines” on page 113. If you set this value too high, the host might perform poorly when other applications are running on the host.
Chapter 12 Performance Tuning for VMware Server Allocating Memory to a Virtual Machine You specify the memory capacity for each virtual machine when you create it. The New Virtual Machine wizard displays a reasonable default value based on the guest operating system type and the total amount of host memory. However, you might be able to improve performance by adjusting the setting when you create the virtual machine, or by later editing the memory setting. See “Editing Virtual Machine Memory” on page 277.
VMware Server User’s Guide 4 Enter the amount of memory in MB or GB, in multiples of four. NOTE To make sure that the virtual machine can boot, allocate at least the Recommended Minimum amount of memory. 5 Click OK to save your changes. Using Two-Way Virtual Symmetric Multiprocessing For all supported configurations of 32‐bit and 64‐bit host and guest operating systems running on multiprocessor host machines, VMware Server provides support for two‐way Virtual SMP.
Chapter 12 Performance Tuning for VMware Server Editing Virtual Processors You can change the number of virtual processors used in a virtual machine. Configuring the virtual machine to have two processors is supported only for host machines with at least two logical processors. For information about VMware Server support for virtual Symmetric Multiprocessing (Virtual SMP), see “Using Two‐Way Virtual Symmetric Multiprocessing” on page 278.
VMware Server User’s Guide Installing VMware Tools Always install VMware Tools in any guest operating system for which a VMware Tools package exists. VMware Tools sets up the VMware Tools service to run automatically when the system starts. VMware Tools provides improved video and mouse performance and greatly improves the usability of the virtual machine.
Chapter 12 Performance Tuning for VMware Server When a snapshot exists and you have made changes to a preallocated virtual disk, access performance for the changed disk files is somewhat slower and is comparable to that of a growable virtual disk (which does not have space allocated in advance). If you remove the snapshot, performance again reflects that of the underlying disk. When a snapshot exists, virtual disks often have very good performance for random or nonsequential access.
VMware Server User’s Guide Disabling Fade Effects in Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003 The fade effects used by Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003 to display menus can make the virtual machine seem less responsive. To disable fade effects 1 Right‐click the guest operating system desktop and select Properties > Appearance > Effects (on Windows XP or Windows Server 2003) or Properties > Effects (on Windows 2000).
Chapter 12 Performance Tuning for VMware Server To enable hardware acceleration after installing VMware Tools 1 From the Windows control panel, select Display. 2 Click the Settings tab, and click Advanced. 3 Click the Troubleshoot tab, and drag the Hardware acceleration slider all the way to Full. Configuring Direct Memory Access (DMA) Disk Settings SCSCI physical disks are usually faster than IDE disks that use DMA.
VMware Server User’s Guide Using DMA in Windows NT Guests on Multiprocessor Host Systems You might experience slower than expected disk I/O performance in Windows NT guest operating systems when using IDE virtual disks on multiprocessor host computers. The I/O limitation is especially noticeable when the virtual machine is booting. You can increase performance by enabling DMA on the virtual disk’s IDE channel.
Chapter 12 Performance Tuning for VMware Server To add counters to track virtual machine performance using the Windows Performance console 1 Select Start > Programs > Administrative Tools > Performance or enter perfmon.msc at the Windows command prompt. 2 In the Performance console, select System Monitor, and click the plus (+) sign on the toolbar. The Add Counters dialog box is displayed. 3 In the Performance object list, select VMware.
VMware Server User’s Guide 286 VMware, Inc.
13 Configuring Clustering on Windows Hosts 13 This chapter describes how to create cluster configurations using VMware Server on Windows hosts. This chapter includes the following topics: “Overview of Clustering with VMware Server” on page 287 “Using SCSI Reservation to Share Virtual SCSI Disks” on page 288 “Creating a Cluster in a Box” on page 291 Overview of Clustering with VMware Server Clustering enables a group of computers to achieve high availability, scalability, or both.
VMware Server User’s Guide Extra network connections between nodes can monitor heartbeat status. A method for redirecting incoming requests is available. NOTE Always rigorously test and review your cluster before deploying it in a production environment. Clustering Software Requirements The only supported clustering software is Microsoft Clustering Service.
Chapter 13 Configuring Clustering on Windows Hosts SCSI Reservation Prerequisites and Restrictions The use of SCSI reservation is restricted as follows: You can enable SCSI reservation only for virtual SCSI disks. You cannot enable SCSI reservation for a disk that is configured as a passthrough (generic) SCSI device. VMware Server supports SCSI reservation only with preallocated virtual disks.
VMware Server User’s Guide To enable SCSI reservation in a virtual machine 1 Make sure that the virtual machine is powered off. 2 Set the scsi.sharedBus parameter (where is the number of the SCSI bus being shared) to virtual in the virtual machine configuration file, as described in “Changing Virtual Machine Advanced Settings” on page 127. For example, to enable SCSI reservation for devices on the scsi1 bus, set scsi1.sharedBus to virtual. This allows the whole bus to be shared.
Chapter 13 Configuring Clustering on Windows Hosts You can provide your own lock filename by setting scsi1:0.reslckname in the configuration file. For example, if you set scsi1:0.reslckname to /tmp/scsi1-0.reslock in the configuration file, this name overrides the default lock filename. CAUTION You must use the same lock filename (for example, /tmp/scsi1-0.reslock) for each virtual machine in the cluster. You must also use the same SCSI target for each virtual machine when you define scsi1:0.reslckname.
VMware Server User’s Guide Figure 13-1. Two-Node Cluster on a Single Physical Machine The following sections describe how to configure a cluster in a box. Configuring Virtual Machines for Cluster in a Box To create a set of clustered virtual machines (a cluster in a box), configure each of them with the following: A primary virtual SCSI host adapter with one virtual SCSI disk.
Chapter 13 Configuring Clustering on Windows Hosts In addition, the following are required to share disks: A secondary virtual SCSI host adapter. One or more preallocated virtual disks that are shared and are attached to the secondary SCSI host adapter. Note the following about virtual PCI slots in the virtual machines: Each virtual machine by default has six PCI slots available. This cluster configuration (two network adapters and two SCSI host bus adapters) uses four of these slots.
VMware Server User’s Guide To create the base virtual machine that serves as the first node in the cluster 1 Log in to your VMware Server host as an Administrator user. 2 Create a new virtual machine. Choose the settings you want, such as the size of the virtual disk and the virtual memory limit, but make sure that you specify: 3 Windows 2000 Advanced Server or Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition as the guest operating system. SQL1 as the virtual machine name. The correct datastore.
Chapter 13 Configuring Clustering on Windows Hosts 6 Install the Windows 2000 Advanced Server or Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition guest operating system as described in “Installing the Guest Operating System” on page 68. NOTE Do not install the clustering services during the installation of the guest operating system. 7 Install VMware Tools in the guest operating system. See “Installing VMware Tools” on page 76. To clone the first virtual machine node 1 Run sysprep.
VMware Server User’s Guide The correct datastore. To use the existing virtual disk, click Browse and select SQL2.vmdk. Bridged networking for the virtual machine. 3 Add a new network adapter that uses either another external adapter or the VMnet1 host‐only adapter. See “Adding a Network Adapter to a Virtual Machine” on page 223. 4 Add the two virtual disks (quorum.vmdk and data.vmdk) you previously created. See “Adding a Hard Disk to a Virtual Machine” on page 144.
Chapter 13 Configuring Clustering on Windows Hosts 4 Format both shared virtual disks with NTFS if they are not already formatted. 5 Assign the first shared disk to Q: (quorum) and the second disk to R: (data). If you have joined this virtual machine to an existing Active Directory domain, skip to Step 10. 6 Run dcpromo.exe from the command prompt to start the Active Directory wizard. 7 Set up the current machine as a domain controller. For the domain name, use something similar to .
VMware Server User’s Guide 18 The shared disk (Q:) is the quorum disk. Indicate which network adapter is public and which is private. The cluster IP address. This is the address that represents the cluster. It must be on the same network as the physical Ethernet device. To stop the cluster service on the local node (node 1) so that the second virtual machine (node 2) can access the shared disks, right‐click the node name from Cluster Manager, and select Stop Cluster Service.
A Defined Privileges A The following tables list the default privileges that, when selected for a role, can be paired with a user and assigned to an object. In the tables, VC indicates a VirtualCenter Server and HC indicates a host client, standalone ESX/ESXi, or VMware Server host. When setting permissions, verify that all the object types are set with appropriate privileges for each particular action.
VMware Server User’s Guide “Network” on page 310 “Performance” on page 310 “Permissions” on page 311 “Resource” on page 311 “Scheduled Task” on page 313 “Sessions” on page 313 “Tasks” on page 314 “Virtual Machine Configuration” on page 314 “Virtual Machine Interaction” on page 317 “Virtual Machine Inventory” on page 319 “Virtual Machine Provisioning” on page 319 “Virtual Machine State” on page 321 Alarms Table A-1.
Appendix A Defined Privileges Datacenter Table A-2. Datacenter Privileges Privilege Name Description Affects Pair with Object Effective on Object Create Datacenter Creates a new datacenter. VC only Datacenter Datacenter folders Delete Datacenter Removes a datacenter. VC only Datacenter plus parent object Datacenters Move Datacenter Moves a datacenter.
VMware Server User’s Guide Table A-3. Datastore Privileges (Continued) Privilege Name Move Datastore Pair with Object Effective on Object VC only Datastore, source and destination Datastores, Datastore folders HC and VC Datastores Datastores Description Affects Moves a datastore between folders. Privileges must be present at both the source and destination. User interface element – Inventory drag‐and‐drop Rename Datastore Renames a datastore.
Appendix A Defined Privileges Folders Table A-5. Folder Privileges Privilege Name Create Folder Description Affects Pair with Object Effective on Object Creates a new folder. VC only Folders Folders VC only Folders plus parent object Folders VC only Folders, source and destination Folders VC only Folders Folders User interface element – Taskbar button, File menu, context menu Delete Folder Deletes a folder. User interface element – File menu, context menu Move Folder Moves a folder.
VMware Server User’s Guide Table A-6. Global Privileges (Continued) Privilege Name Disable Methods Description Affects Pair with Object Effective on Object Allows servers for VirtualCenter extensions to disable certain operations on objects managed by VirtualCenter.
Appendix A Defined Privileges Table A-6. Global Privileges (Continued) Privilege Name Description Affects Pair with Object Effective on Object Set Custom Attributes Views, creates, and removes custom attribute fields. VC only All objects All inventory objects VC only All objects Root folder VC only All objects Root folder User interface element – Any list view shows the fields defined and allows setting them Settings Reads and modifies runtime VC configuration settings.
VMware Server User’s Guide Host Configuration Table A-8. Host Configuration Privileges Privilege Name Description Affects Pair with Object Effective on Object Advanced Configuration Sets advanced options in host configuration.
Appendix A Defined Privileges Table A-8. Host Configuration Privileges (Continued) Privilege Name Memory Configuration Description Affects Pair with Object Effective on Object Sets configured service console memory reservation. This setting is applicable only on ESX hosts. HC and VC Hosts Hosts HC and VC Hosts Hosts User interface element – Host Configuration tab > Memory Network Configuration Configures network, firewall, and VMotion network.
VMware Server User’s Guide Host Inventory Table A-9. Host Inventory Privileges Privilege Name Add Host To Cluster Add Stand‐alone Host Create Cluster Description Affects Pair with Object Effective on Object Adds a host to an existing cluster.
Appendix A Defined Privileges Table A-9. Host Inventory Privileges (Continued) Privilege Name Description Affects Pair with Object Effective on Object Remove Host From Cluster Removes a host in a cluster or standalone host. VC only Clusters plus parent object Clusters, Host folders VC only Clusters Clusters User interface element – Inventory drag‐and‐drop out of cluster, context menu, Inventory > Host > Remove Rename Cluster Renames a cluster.
VMware Server User’s Guide Network Table A-11. Network Privileges Privilege Name Pair with Object Effective on Object VC only Virtual machine Networks, Virtual machines HC and VC Network, source and destination Networks HC and VC Datacenter Datacenters Description Affects Assign Network Assigns a network to a virtual machine. Move Network Moves a network between folders. Privilege must be present at both the source and destination.
Appendix A Defined Privileges Permissions Table A-13. Permissions Privileges Privilege Name Modify Permission Pair with Object Effective on Object HC and VC Any object plus parent object All inventory items HC and VC Any object Root folder HC and VC Any object Root folder Description Used Defines one or more permission rules on an entity, or updates rules if already present for the given user or group on the entity.
VMware Server User’s Guide Table A-14.
Appendix A Defined Privileges Scheduled Task Table A-15. Scheduled Task Privileges Privilege Name Create Tasks1 Pair with Object Effective on Object VC only All inventory objects All inventory objects VC only All inventory objects All inventory objects VC only All inventory objects All inventory objects VC only All inventory objects All inventory objects Description Affects Schedules a task. Requires the privileges to perform the scheduled action at the time of scheduling.
VMware Server User’s Guide Table A-16. Session Privileges (Continued) Privilege Name Description Affects Pair with Object Effective on Object Validate Session Verifies session validity. VC only Root folder Root folder View and Terminate Sessions Allows viewing of session. Forces log out of one or more logged‐on users. VC only Root folder Root folder Description Affects Pair with Object Effective on Object Create Allows an extension to create a user‐defined task.
Appendix A Defined Privileges Table A-18. Virtual Machine Privileges (Continued) Privilege Name Advanced Pair with Object Effective on Object HC and VC Virtual machines Virtual machines HC and VC Virtual machines Virtual machines Description Affects Changes values in extraConfig. User interface element – Virtual Machine Properties dialog box > Options tab > Advanced ‐ General option > Configuration Parameters button Change CPU Count Changes the number of virtual CPUs.
VMware Server User’s Guide Table A-18. Virtual Machine Privileges (Continued) Privilege Name Remove Disk Pair with Object Effective on Object HC and VC Virtual machines Virtual machines HC and VC Virtual machines Virtual machines HC and VC Virtual machines Virtual machines HC and VC Virtual machines Virtual machines Description Affects Removes a virtual disk device.
Appendix A Defined Privileges Virtual Machine Interaction Table A-19. Virtual Machine Interaction Privilege Name Description Affects Pair with Object Effective on Object Answer Question Resolves issues with virtual machine state transitions or runtime errors.
VMware Server User’s Guide Table A-19. Virtual Machine Interaction (Continued) Privilege Name Power On Pair with Object Effective on Object HC and VC Virtual machines Virtual machines HC and VC Virtual machines Virtual machines HC and VC Virtual machines Virtual machines HC and VC Virtual machines Virtual machines Description Affects Powers on a powered‐off virtual machine, resumes a suspended virtual machine.
Appendix A Defined Privileges Virtual Machine Inventory Table A-20. Virtual Machine Inventory Privileges Privilege Name Create Pair with Object Effective on Object HC and VC Parent folders Virtual machine folders VC only Virtual machines, parent folders Virtual machines, virtual machine folders HC and VC Virtual machines plus parent folders Virtual machines Description Affects Creates a new virtual machine and allocates resources for its execution.
VMware Server User’s Guide Table A-21. Virtual Machine Provisioning Privileges (Continued) Privilege Name Description Affects Pair with Object Effective on Object Allow Virtual Machine Files Upload Writes files associated with a virtual machine, including vmx, disks, logs, and nvram.
Appendix A Defined Privileges Table A-21. Virtual Machine Provisioning Privileges (Continued) Pair with Object Effective on Object VC only Virtual machines Virtual machines VC only Root folder Root folder VC only Root folder Root folder Pair with Object Effective on Object Privilege Name Description Affects Mark As Virtual Machine Marks an existing template as a virtual machine. User interface element – “Convert to Virtual Machine...
VMware Server User’s Guide Table A-22. Virtual Machine State Privileges (Continued) Privilege Name Description Affects Pair with Object Effective on Object Rename Snapshot Renames this snapshot with either a new name or a new description or both. HC and VC Virtual machines Virtual machines HC and VC Virtual machines Virtual machines No user VI Client interface elements are associated with this privilege. Revert To Snapshot Sets the virtual machine to the state it was in at a given snapshot.
B Files That Make Up a Virtual Machine B This appendix contains reference information about virtual machine file management. Because virtual machine file management is performed automatically by VMware Server, you might never need to know the names or locations of your virtual machine files.
VMware Server User’s Guide Table B-1. Virtual Machine Files (Continued) Extension File Name Description Virtual disk files store the information written to a virtual machine’s hard disk, including the operating system, program files, and data files. A virtual disk is made up of one or more .vmdk files. .vmdk If you create more than one virtual disk, the corresponding disk files include a number in the filename following the virtual machine name. .
Appendix B Files That Make Up a Virtual Machine Table B-1. Virtual Machine Files (Continued) Extension File Name Description .vmem .vmem The virtual memory paging file backs up the guest main memory on the host file system. (The virtual machine uses the physical memory on the host.) The paging file is present while a virtual machine is running, and is deleted when a virtual machine is powered off normally. -Snapshot<#>.
VMware Server User’s Guide 326 VMware, Inc.
Glossary A alarm An entity that monitors one or more properties of a virtual machine, such as CPU load. Alarms issue notifications as directed by the configurable alarm definition. authorization role A set of privileges grouped for convenient identification under names such as “Administrator.” B BIOS (basic input/output system) Firmware that controls machine startup and manages communication between the CPU and other devices, such as the keyboard, monitor, printers, and disk drives.
VMware Server User’s Guide custom networking Any type of network connection between virtual machines and the host that does not use the default bridged, host‐only, or network address translation (NAT) configurations. For instance, different virtual machines can be connected to the host by separate networks or connected to each other and not to the host. Any network topology is possible. See also bridged networking, host‐only networking, NAT (network address translation).
Glossary guest operating system An operating system that runs inside a virtual machine. See also host operating system. H host The physical computer on which the VMware Server software is installed. host agent Software that, when installed on a virtual machine host, performs actions on behalf of a remote client.
VMware Server User’s Guide inventory A hierarchical structure used by VMware Server to organize managed entities. This hierarchy is presented as a list that provides a view of all the monitored objects. M managed entity A managed object that is present in the inventory. See also inventory. MKS (mouse, keyboard, screen) A set of basic input‐output services for user interaction with a virtual machine. MSCS (Microsoft Cluster Service) Software that distributes data among the nodes of the cluster.
Glossary P-Q permission A data object consisting of an authorization role, a user or group name, and a managed entity reference. A permission allows a specified user to access the entity (such as a virtual machine) with any of the privileges pertaining to the role. persistent mode A disk mode in which all disk writes issued by software running inside a virtual machine are immediately and permanently written to a virtual disk that has been configured as an independent disk.
VMware Server User’s Guide snapshot A reproduction of the virtual machine just as it was when you took the snapshot, including the virtual machine’s power state (on, off, or suspended). If the virtual hard disks are not set to independent mode, a snapshot also includes the state of the data on all the virtual machine’s disks. You can take a snapshot when a virtual machine is powered on, powered off, or suspended. See also independent disk. suspend To save the current state of a running virtual machine.
Glossary virtual machine user A role in which the user is allowed to perform power operations on virtual machines. virtual network A network connecting virtual machines that does not depend on physical hardware connections. For example, you can create a virtual network between a virtual machine and a host that has no external network connections. virtual network editor An editor that runs on the host and is used to view and modify the networking settings for the virtual networks created by VMware Server.
VMware Server User’s Guide 334 VMware, Inc.
Index A About menu option VI Web Access 54 About tab VMware Tools 95 acceleration enabling and disabling in guest 128, 280 hardware in Windows Server 2003 282 access inventory objects 201 permissions 206 privileges 299 rules for inheritance 208 rules for propagation 208 Add Hardware wizard adding CD/DVD drives 151 adding floppy drives 154 adding generic SCSI devices 157 adding hard disks 144 adding network adapters 223 adding parallel ports 177 adding passthrough SCSI devices 157 adding serial ports 166 ad
VMware Server User’s Guide assigning IP addresses 230 MAC addresses 234 ATAPI emulation 150 audio in virtual machines 31, 165 AudioPCI sound adapter 165 automatic bridging 226, 268 B background snapshots enabling and disabling 115 backups restoring from snapshot 120 restoring quiesced 120 taking quiesced 118 taking using VSS 118 BIOS NVRAM file in virtual machine 323 provided in virtual machine 28 setup when virtual machine boots 125 bridged networking configuring 225 explained 212 Bridging tab in virtual
Index processors in virtual machines 279 SCSI controllers 159 SCSI devices 156 second bridged network on a Linux host 237 serial ports 166 sound adapters 164 USB controllers 159 users 203 virtual machine file settings 129 virtual network subnet settings 227 virtual networking settings 267 virtual networks 211, 215, 222 VMware Tools scripts 125 connecting CD/DVD drives 132 floppy drives 132 floppy image files 132 ISO image files 132 USB devices 160 Console tab VI Web Access 52 console, virtual machine 52, 5
VMware Server User’s Guide USB controllers 160 virtual machines 108, 130 desktop shortcut for VMware Server 38 device drivers BusLogic SCSI 63 LSI Logic SCSI 63 VMware Tools 74 devices configuring SCSI in virtual machines 156 connecting and disconnecting in VMware Remote Console 132 connecting and disconnecting in VMware Tools 94 disconnecting USB 164 using USB in virtual machines 161 Devices menu VMware Remote Console 132 Devices tab VMware Tools 94 DHCP assigning IP addresses on a virtual network 230 cha
Index parallel ports 178 passthrough SCSI devices 158 permissions 207 roles 205 SCSI controllers 159 serial ports 169 sound adapters 165 Ethernet adapters See network adapters events virtual machine 57 VMware Server 57 Events tab VI Web Access 57 exiting VMware Remote Console 133 extensions privileges 302 F fault tolerance in networks 225 files BIOS in virtual machines 323 redo log 324 sharing on a Linux host using Samba 258 snapshot 325 suspended state 325 used by a virtual machine 323 virtual disk 324 v
VMware Server User’s Guide growable virtual disks 62, 142 guest operating system defined 23 installing 68 interacting with 131 pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del 131 supported 31 upgrading 71 H hard disks adding 144 editing 145 removing 146 hardware version of virtual machines 61, 72 heartbeat and clustering virtual machines 292 host computer disk space required 24 system requirements 23 host operating system defined 23 supported Linux 26 supported Windows 25 host virtual adapters adding 227 disabling 227 enabling 227
Index IP address assigning 231 IP forwarding 233 ISO images connecting and disconnecting 132 kernel upgrades and VMware Server 42 key code mappings 187 keyboards mapping on a Linux host 184 keysym defined 185 mapping 187 VI Web Access 17 virtual machine 16 VMware Authorization Service 16 VMware host agent 16 VMware Remote Console 17 logging enabling and disabling 127 logging in access permissions 201 to VI Web Access 48 logging out VI Web Access 57 LSI Logic SCSI devices 29 LSI Logic SCSI driver 63, 159
VMware Server User’s Guide menu options VI Web Access 54 virtual machine 54 message log viewing VMware Remote Console 133 MIDI 164 MMU 128 modifying CD/DVD drives 152 floppy drives 155 hard disks 145 network adapters 224 parallel ports 178 permissions 207 SCSI controllers 159 serial ports 169 sound adapters 165 mouse driver installed by VMware Tools 74 MP3 164 Mylex SCSI adapter 29 N named pipe 168, 171, 172, 173, 175 NAT advanced configuration 251 and DHCP 249 and DNS 249 and the host computer 249 config
Index overview of virtual network options 212 packet filtering 233 privileges 310 promiscuous mode on a Linux host 247 refreshing virtual 223 routing between two host-only networks 243 routing on a Linux host 235 Samba 258 second bridged network on a Linux host 237 switches 213 teamed NICs 226, 238 token ring 217 troubleshooting DHCP on a Linux host 236 two host-only networks 240 virtual adapters 214 virtual DHCP server 217, 218 Virtual Network Editor 231 virtual switches 213 NFS datastores 110 NFS root sq
VMware Server User’s Guide Windows 2000 guest 282 Windows 95 and Windows 98 guests 283 permissions 201, 206 access 206 creating 206 editing 207 hierarchy of 208 privileges 311 removing 208 settings, multiple 208 persistent virtual disks 63 physical disks storing virtual disks on 64, 143 ping 250 pipe, named 168, 171, 172, 173, 175 plug-in VMware Remote Console 52 power off snapshot options 127, 199 power state changing virtual machine 122 current virtual machine 51 Power tab VI Web Access 125 preallocated
Index Remote Console See VMware Remote Console removing CD/DVD drives 153 datastores 112 floppy drives 156 generic SCSI devices 158 hard disks 146 host virtual adapters 227 network adapters 225 parallel ports 179 passthrough SCSI devices 158 permissions 208 roles 205 serial ports 170 sound adapters 166 USB controllers 160 USB devices 164 virtual machines from inventory 108, 130 renaming datastores 111 roles 205 repairing VMware Tools installations 91 reporting problems 15 resources privileges 311 resuming
VMware Server User’s Guide SCSI devices adding 157 editing 158 generic 156 host requirement 24 in virtual machine 29 passthrough 156 removing 158 SCSI reservation and clustering 288 enabling 289 issues to consider 291 preallocated virtual disks 288 sharing SCSI disks 288 support 289 serial connections between host application and virtual machine 170 between two virtual machines 172 changing input speed 176 to a serial port on the host 170 yielding CPU on poll 176 serial number 15, 36, 39, 54 serial ports a
Index sound adapters adding 165 device compatibility 164 drivers for Windows guests 165 editing 165 removing 166 sound drivers 165 specifications for virtual machines 28 starting suspended virtual machines 193 virtual machines automatically 116 startup host-wide virtual machine settings 115 order of virtual machines 117 startup commands used by VMware Tools 102 startup scripts using VMware Tools 101 statistics enabling and disabling 128 stopping order of virtual machines 117 subnet changing settings 227 in
VMware Server User’s Guide 348 U V uninstalling host virtual adapters 227 VMware Server on Linux host 43 VMware Server on Windows host 41 VMware Tools 91 unplugging USB devices 164 updating guest operating system 71 virtual machine hardware version 72 upgrading guest operating system 71 Linux kernel, reconfiguring VMware Server after 42 virtual machine hardware version 72 USB connecting devices 160 control of devices by host and guest 163 devices in a virtual machine 161 disconnecting devices 164 enabli
Index editing 145 growable 62, 142 independent mode 63 nonpersistent 63 persistent 63 preallocated 62, 142 removing 146 SCSI drivers 63 setting maximum size 142 shrinking 95, 147 shrinking in Netware 96 size 29 storing on physical disks 64, 143 Virtual Disk Manager 149 Virtual Machine Communication Interface (VMCI) 74 virtual machines adding CD/DVD drives 151 adding floppy drives 154 adding hard disks 144 adding parallel ports 177 adding serial ports 166 adding sound adapters 165 adding to inventory 108 ad
VMware Server User’s Guide power operations 122 processor settings 62 product compatibility 61 provisioning privileges 319 removing CD/DVD drives 153 removing floppy drives 156 removing from inventory 108, 130 removing hard disks 146 removing parallel ports 179 removing serial ports 170 removing sound adapters 166 removing USB controllers 160 resuming 193 setting guest operating system 124 setting power options 125 setting shutdown order 117 setting snapshot options 126 setting startup order 117 setting th
Index logging out 57 serial number for 39 VMware Tools 126 About tab 95 automated install 78 command-line interface 104 configuring 91 configuring in a Netware virtual machine 96 control panel 91 device drivers 74 Devices tab 94 for FreeBSD guests 86 for Linux guests 80, 82 for Solaris guests 84 installing 76 installing from the command line with the RPM installer 82 installing from the command line with the tar installer 82 installing in Windows guests 76 interacting with VSS 118 modifying installation 91
VMware Server User’s Guide 352 VMware, Inc.
