Workshop Manual Engine repair A 2(0) MD22, TMD22, TAMD22
Engine repair Marine Engines MD22 • TMD22 • TAMD22 Contents General Information Crankshaft assembly Safety Information ............................................. 3 General Information .......................................... 6 Repair instructions ............................................ 7 Special tools ....................................................... 10 Identification Numbers ...................................... 12 Introduction to the engine ................................ 13 General .
Engine settings Flywheel, flywheel cover General ................................................................ 71 Repair Instructions Setting the 1st piston at top dead center of compression stroke (17A-01) .............................. 72 Valve timings, checking and adjustment (17A-02) ............................................................... 72 Injection timing, checking / adjusting .................. 73 General ...............................................................
General instructions Safety information Introduction This Workshop Manual contains descriptions and repair instructions for Volvo Penta products or product versions contained in the contents list. Ensure that the correct workshop literature is being used. Read the safety information and the Workshop Manual “General Information” and “Repair Instructions” carefully before starting work. Important In this book and on the product, you will find the following special warning symbols.
General instructions Always use protective goggles where there is a danger of pieces of metal, sparks from grinding, acid or other chemicals being thrown into your eyes. Eyes are very sensitive. Injury to them can lead to the loss of sight! Avoid skin contact with oil! Long-term or repeated contact with oil can remove the natural oils from your skin. This can result in irritation, dry skin, eczema and other skin problems. Used oil is more dangerous to health than new oil.
General instructions Use the lifting eyes mounted on the engine / reverse gear when lifting the drive unit. Always check that lifting equipment is in good condition and has sufficient load capacity to lift the engine (engine weight including reverse gear and any extra equipment installed). Use an adjustable lifting beam or lifting beam specifically for the engine to raise the engine to ensure safe handling and to avoid damaging engine parts installed on the top of the engine.
General information About the workshop manual Certificated engines This Service Manual contains descriptions and instructions for the repair of the following engines in standard format: MD22A, MD22L-A, MD22L-B, MD22P-B, TMD22A, TMD22-A, TMD22-B, TMD22PC, TAMD22P-B. This Service Manual can show operations carried out on any of the engines listed above. As a result, the illustrations and pictures in the manual showing certain engines components, do not in some cases apply to all the engines listed above.
Repair Instructions The working methods described in the Service Manual apply to work carried out in a workshop. The engine has been removed from the boat and is installed in an engine fixture. Unless otherwise stated reconditioning work which can be carried out with the engine in place follows the same working method.
General instructions Protractor tightening torques Tightening using both a torque setting and a protractor angle requires that first the recommended torque is applied using a torque wrench and then the recommended angle is added according to the protractor scale. Example: a 90° protractor tightening means that the joint is tightened a further 1/4 turn in one operation after the stated tightening torque has been applied.
General instructions Safety precautions for Fluorine rubber • Always used chloroprene rubber gloves (gloves for handling chemicals) and protective goggles. • Treat removed seals in the same way as corrosive acid. All remains, even the ash can be extremely corrosive. Never use compressed air jets for blowing clean. • Put old seal remnants in a plastic container, close it and stick a warning label on it. Wash gloves under running water before removal.
Special tools Special tools In all cases where it is practical the tool number, except for the final digit, has been stamped on the tool, The final digit (after the hyphen) is a control number. 884 955 885 019 8858 018 885 022 885 027 885 023 885 024 885 028 885 020 885 025 885 029 885 021 885 026 885 030 885 031 884955-6 Dial gauge assembly 885026-5 Puller for front stuffing box, camshaft. 885018-2 Installation tools for front stuffing box, camshaft.
Special tools 885 032 885 037 885032-3 885 033 885 034 885 035 885 038 Protective socket for front stuffing box, crankshaft. 885033-1 Installation tool for front stuffing box, crankshaft. 885034-9 Puller for rear stuffing box, crankshaft. 885035-6 Installation tool for rear stuffing box, crankshaft. 885 041 885 036 885 139 885036-4 Belt tension gauge for timing belt. 885037-2 Adjustment drifts for the camshaft and crankshaft.
General information Identifying numbers Your engine and transmission has identification plates with identification numbers. This information should always be quoted when ordering replacement parts. The appearance and location of identification plates is shown below. The figures in brackets refer to the location of the identification numbers on the identification plate.
General information Engine presentation 1 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
General information 2 3 4 11 12 13 14 15 17 5 10 18, 19 9 21 20 7 8 MD22P/MS25 2 3 11 4 12 13 14 15 1 5 17 10 19 20 18 9 21 7 8 TMD22/MS2 2 3 4 11 12 13 14 15 1 17 5 21 10 20 9 18, 19 7 TMD22P/HS25 14 8
General information 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 TAMD22P/SX 10 18 9 19 22 8 21 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
Cylinder head Cylinder head General The carbon deposits in a diesel engine are small and therefore the number of operational hours do not give an indication of when it is time to recondition a cylinder head. The factors which determine when reconditioning is necessary are ease of starting the engine and the all round performance. The cylinder head is made of aluminum and the head is drilled together with the camshaft cover in order to localize the camshaft bearing.
Cylinder head Repair Instructions Camshaft cover, replacement (12A-01) Special tools: 885025 Remove the engine lifting brackets. If nothing is driven from the rear end of the camshaft, remove the rear cover and install the camshaft lock 885025 (B1). This ensures that the camshaft does not tilt when the camshaft cover is removed. 1 4 Remove the fuel supply pump, operation 19A-03. 5 Remove the camshaft cover screws evenly in reverse order to that given in illustration D.
Cylinder head Valve clearance, check (12A-02) Special tools: 885025, 885024 Check that the groove in the camshaft cover and the mating surfaces on the cylinder head and cover are clean. Apply a 2mm bead of silicon in the outer groove of the cover, but leave the inner groove empty as illustrated in illustration (C). Install the cover directly after the sealant has been applied. Install the mounting screws with the longer screws in each end of the cover.
Cylinder head Install the camshaft mountings 885024 (A1) to hold the camshaft and mount the mountings with the relevant mounting screws for the cover. It is vital to move the rear camshaft stuffing box on the camshaft to secure sufficient clearance between the rear mounting and the stuffing box. Ensure that the sprung pads are correctly installed on the camshaft bearing journals and tighten the mounting screws for the mountings evenly.
Cylinder head 8 12 Install the new front and rear stuffing box on the camshaft, operations 12A-04 and 12A-05. 13 Install the camshaft pulley and the timing belt, see section 15. Remove the locking drifts from the fuel injection pump pulley and adjust the belt tension, operation 15A-03. 14 Remove the adjustment drift. Check the fuel injection pump adjustment, operations 17A-03.
Cylinder head Front sealing ring, replacement (12A-04) 7 Special tools: 885026, 885018, 885037 1 Disconnect the battery 2 Remove the screw from the adjustment hole on the top of the front end of the camshaft cover (12A.03/ A4). Turn the crankshaft until the adjustment hole in the front of the camshaft front bearing journal corresponds with the hole in the cover. 3 Install the adjustment drifts 885037 on the camshaft and flywheel. Ensure that the stuffing box and the camshaft are clean and undamaged.
Cylinder head Rear sealing ring, replacement (12A-05) 4 Special tools: 885019, 885020, 885038 1 Remove the seawater pump and the drive housing and remove the drive adapter from the camshaft end, see section 20. 2 Ensure that the stuffing box and the camshaft are clean and undamaged. Lubricate the new stuffing box with fresh engine oil and insert it into position with the seal lip inwards. Use installation tool 885020 (D1) and a hammer with a soft face to drive the stuffing box into the correct position.
Cylinder head Camshaft, replacement (12A-06) 8 Check the camshaft for wear and damage and replace it if required. Special tools: 885037 1 Disconnect the battery 2 Remove the screw from the adjustment hole on the top of the front end of the camshaft cover (12A.03/ A4). Turn the crankshaft until the adjustment hole in the front of the camshaft front bearing journal corresponds with the hole in the cover. 9 Ensure that the camshaft is clean and lubricated with fresh engine oil.
Cylinder head 15 Check the fuel injection pump adjustment, operations 17A-03. Cylinder head assembly, replacement (12A-07) Special tools: 885037 16 Install the cap of the timing cover, operation 15A01. Install the screw in the adjustment hole on top of the camshaft cover front section. 1 Disconnect the battery. 2 17 Check that all adjustment drifts are removed. Turn the crankshaft two revolutions to ensure that there is nothing preventing free movement. 18 Drain the cooling system.
Cylinder head 10 15 Remove the injectors, operation 19A-02 and the glow plugs, operation 22C-01 to prevent any possible damage to the tips. 11 Remove the screw from the adjustment hole on the top of the front end of the camshaft cover 12A.03/ A4. Turn the crankshaft until the adjustment hole in the front of the camshaft front bearing journal corresponds with the hole in the cover. 12 Install the adjusting drift on the flywheel.
Cylinder head 20 Ensure that the two guide sleeves (12A.08/B1) is in position in the cylinder block surface and install the cylinder head gasket without sealing compound. The gasket can only be installed in one position over the guide sleeves. 21 Ensure that the adjustment drifts are installed through the camshaft cover into the adjustment hole in the camshaft. Install the cylinder head in position over the guide sleeves.
Cylinder head 26 35 Check the fuel injection pump adjustment, operations 17A-03 and remove the adjustment drifts. Turn the crankshaft two revolutions to ensure that there is nothing preventing free movement. Fill the engine coolant system. See operation 20A02. 27 Install the glow plugs, operation 22C-01. 28 Install the injectors, operation 19A-02. 29 36 Connect the battery. 37 Bleed the fuel injection system, operation 19A-08. 38 Start the engine and check for leaks.
Cylinder head Valves and valve springs, replacement (12A-08) Press the valve springs together with the valve spring tensioners (A1). Ensure that the spring is pressed straight downwards so that the valve stem is not damaged. Remove the valve cotter (B1). Special tools: 885023 1 8 Remove the cylinder head, operations 12A-07. 2 Remove the seawater pump, operation 20A-06. 3 Remove the camshaft cover, operations 12A-01.
Cylinder head 13 Use the valve spring tensioner to compress the valve spring and the install the valve cotter (B1). Ensure that the valve spring is pressed straight down so that the valve stem is not damaged. Valves and valve springs, inspection (12A-09) 1 14 Lubricate the shims and valve lifters. Install each shim above the valve spring washer for each valve and install the valve lifter above each shim. 15 Install the camshaft in position and check valve clearance according to operation 12A-02.
Cylinder head Valve guides, inspection (12A-10) 6 Special tools: 885021, 885022 Check the valve guides for wear. The maximum play between the valve stem and the hole in the guide is 0.13 mm. If the clearance is greater when a new valve is installed, a new valve guide must be installed. Valve guides, replacement (12A-11) 1 Install the guide B1 on the thin end of the tool 885021 (B2) with the bevel turned to the thin end of the tool (B).
Cylinder head Cylinder head, inspection (12A-12) 10 1 Remove the cylinder head assembly, operations 12A-07. 2 Remove the thermostat housing. 3 Remove the seawater pump, operation 20A-06. 4 Remove the camshaft cover, operation 12A-01 and the camshaft. Remove the valve lifters and shims and place each valve lifter and shim together in a numbered place, so that they can be returned to their original positions. 5 Check the cylinder head for signs of gas or coolant leakage.
Cylinder head 14 Valve seat, grinding (12A-13) Valve seats with more serious damage can be corrected using a milling tool, operation 12A-13 or a new valve seats can be installed, operation 12A-14. 1 If the valve guide is worn it should be replaced, operation 12A-11. 15 Install the valve springs and valves, operation 12A08. 2 Install the locating pin in the valve guide and tighten it. 16 Install the camshaft cover, operation 12A-01 and the camshaft.
Cylinder head Valve seat, replacement (12A-14) 1 Install a new valve guide, operation 12A-11. 2 Work a small segment from the inside of one side of the valve seat to a depth of 8.25 mm from the surface of the cylinder head. Split the seat at the thinnest point and remove it from the cylinder block. Clean the seat position and check that there are no cracks. 3 The valve seat must be installed with the cylinder head hot and the seat cold.
Piston and connecting rod General The combustion chamber on the upper side of the piston has a special ”swirl lip” to provide an effective fuel – air mixture. On the high effects the upper side of the piston is turned to ensure clearance between the valves and the glow plugs. The pistons have two compression rings and one oil scavenger ring. The groove for the top ring is in a hard metal insert to minimize the groove wear. Axial guidance of the floating piston pins occurs using snap rings.
Repair Instructions Big ends, replacement (13A-01) 9 1 Drain engine oil. 2 Remove the oil pan, operation 18A-03 3 Remove the oil screen and extractor pipe, operation 18A-04. 4 Turn the crankshaft until the relevant connecting rod is in its lowest position. 5 Unscrew the nuts and remove the bearing cap. 6 Remove the lower bearing shell from the bearing cap and put it together with the cap. 7 Install a plastic or rubber tube of suitable length on each respective connecting rod screw to protect the big end.
Piston and connecting rod 10 Clean, lubricate and install the lower bearing shell in the cap. Ensure that the guide lug is slid well into the cut out (A2). Remove the protective hosing from the connecting rod screws and check that the screws have not been damaged. Install the connecting rod cap. Ensure that the unit number on the cap is the same as on the connecting rod (B) and that both unit numbers are turned in the same direction.
Piston and connecting rod 7 10 Remove the big end bearing cap and the connecting rod bearing caps, operation 13A-01. Keep the bearing shells with the relevant caps so that they can be returned to their original positions. Ensure that the piston, cylinder bore, big end journal and connecting rod big end are clean. Lubricate the piston and cylinder bore with fresh engine oil. 11 8 Turn the crankshaft until the relevant connecting rod is in its lowest position.
Piston and connecting rod 15 19 Slide the piston and connecting rod through the cylinder bore and down to the big end journal. Turn the connecting rod so that the arrow on the upper side of the piston points towards the front end of the engine. Install the oil screen and extractor pipe if required, operation 18A-04. 20 Install the oil pan, operation 18A-03. 16 Remove the protective tubes from the connecting rod screws. Clean the connecting rod bearing cap and the lower bearing shell.
Piston and connecting rod Piston rings, replacement (13A-04) 3 Remove the piston rings with an appropriate piston ring pliers Separate the ring gap just sufficiently that the ring ends do not damage the piston. Keep the rings together with the relevant piston. Install the piston rings with an appropriate piston ring pliers Separate the ring gap just sufficiently that the ring ends do not damage the piston.
Piston and connecting rod Piston and connecting rod, assembly / dismantling (13A-05) 7 1 Remove the piston rings, operation 13A-04. 2 Remove the snap rings holding the piston pins in position. 3 Make a temporary marking on the piston to display the cylinder number as given on the connecting rod. Make the marking on the piston on the same side as the marking on the connecting rod big end to ensure that they are correctly installed together. 4 Press out the piston bolt by hand.
Piston and connecting rod 8 3 Remove the piston rings, operation 13A-04. Clean the piston ring and the piston ring grooves. 4 Place the connecting rod with piston upside down. The locating lug (B2) on the connecting rod must be on the same side as the arrow (B1) on the underside of the piston. 9 Lubricate the piston bolt position in the piston with fresh engine oil and slide in the piston bolt towards the snap ring.
Piston and connecting rod Connecting rod, inspection (13A-07) 1 Check the connecting rods for deformation, see Workshop Manual “Technical Data”. 2 Check the connecting rod bushing for wear or other damage and replace it as necessary. 3 Check the piston bolt alignment in the connector rod bushing and check the piston bolt for wear, see Workshop Manual “Technical Data”. 4 Connecting rod bushing, replacement (13A-08) 1 Press out the old bushing with an appropriate drift.
Crankshaft assembly General The crankshaft is made of ductile cast iron. It has integral balancing weights and five main bearing journals. The axial play is controlled by two sectioned thrust washers on each side of the central main bearing. The main bearings have a steel plate mantel and a surface bearing of tin-aluminum. The main bearing cap is made of ductile cast iron. The front and rear stuffing boxes have lip seals made of Viton and oil return grooves on the inside of the lip.
Repair Instructions Crankshaft pulley, replacement (14A-01) Slacken off the pulley center screw and remove the pulley (C). Use a large screwdriver or similar tool as a counterhold at the flywheel ring gear. 1 NOTE! The belt pulley is locked to the front end of the crankshaft using Loctite 648 and can only be removed using a puller. Disconnect the battery. 2 Remove the generator (GEN) drive belt, operation 22A-02. 6 Clean the components and check them for damage. Replace damaged components as necessary.
Crankshaft assembly Front sealing ring, replacement (14A-02) 9 Special tools: 885031, 885032, 885033, 885037 1 Disconnect the battery 2 Remove the screw from the adjustment hole on the top of the front end of the camshaft cover (12A.03/ A4). Turn the crankshaft until the adjustment hole in the front of the camshaft front bearing journal corresponds with the hole in the cover. 3 Install the adjustment drifts 885037 on the camshaft and flywheel. Remove the starter motor, operation 22B-01.
Crankshaft assembly 11 14 Remove the adjustment drifts and the pulley drifts. Check the fuel injection pump adjustment, operations 17A-03. 15 Turn the crankshaft two revolutions to ensure that there is nothing preventing free movement. 16 Install the cap for the timing cover, operation 15A01. If the brush seal is installed in the cap install the crankshaft pulley, operation 14A-01A or 14A-01B. 17 Install the pulley for the water pump and the drive belt for the generator, operation 22A-03.
Crankshaft assembly Rear sealing ring, replacement (14A-03) 6 Clean the sealing ring housing and the flange on the crankshaft. Special tools: 885030, 885034, 885035 1 Disconnect the battery 7 Lightly the sealing ring housing, the flange on the crankshaft and the sealing ring seal lip with fresh engine oil. 2 Remove the drive components from the rear end of the engine. 8 3 Remove the flywheel, operation 21A-01.
Crankshaft assembly Locate the ring (C1) from tool 885035 on the crankshaft flange with the correct side of the ring towards the sealing ring. If the sealing ring is to be installed in the front position (see paragraph 4), install the socket with the end with diameter markings turned to the sealing ring. Install the plate (C2) from the tool 885035 and use the locknuts to tighten the studs in the crankshaft flange.
Crankshaft assembly 7 Check that the guide sleeves are correctly installed in the bearing cap or in the cylinder block. 8 Check that the bearing shell is correctly installed in the cap and that the main bearing journals are clean. Lubricate the bearing shell with fresh engine oil. 9 Remove the screws for the central main bearing and remove the bearing cap assembly with the three lower thrust washer halves (B).
Crankshaft assembly Main bearings, replacement (14A-06) (with crankshaft installed) If the front bearing is to be removed the oil pump must also be removed. Removing the main bearing cap with the pump in position damages the pump joint. If the rear bearing cap is removed with the flywheel installed, sealant must be applied to the underside of the bearing cap rear surface before it is reinstalled. Clean the upper bearing shell and lubricate the bearing surface with fresh engine oil.
Crankshaft assembly 10 Check the mounting screws for wear and deformation and replace them if required. Lightly lubricate the threads with engine oil. Install the screws and washers and tighten the screws in stages and evenly to 112 Nm. Crankshaft, replacement (14A-08) 1 Drain the engine oil and the engine coolant system. 11 2 Check that the crankshaft can be freely turned. If the thrust washers have been removed and reinstalled, check crankshaft axial clearance, operation 14A-03.
Crankshaft assembly 11 16 Check that all the big end caps are marked with the number of the relevant cylinder. Remove the caps and the lower big end shells, operation 13A-01. Clean the main bearing housing and the bearing shells. Install the bearing shells with the lugs well into the cut outs. The upper main bearing shells have oil holes and grooves and the center bearing is wider than the others. Lubricate the bearings with fresh engine oil.
Crankshaft assembly 23 29 Check the axial clearance of the crankshaft and replace the thrust washer if necessary. Install the timing cover and the timing pulleys, see section 15. Install the timing belt, operation 15A-04, with the temporary markings on the belt aligned to the marked teeth on the pulleys. Remove the temporary markings and adjust the belt tension, operation 15A-03. 24 Remove the protective tubes from the connecting rod screws. 30 25 Install the big end caps, see operation 13A-03.
Timing cover and sprocket General The drive pulleys are installed on the camshaft (A1) and the fuel injection pump (A2). These pulleys are driven by a toothed belt (A3) from one toothed pulley mounted on the crankshaft (A4). The pulleys are made of sintered iron with 2% copper and the belt is made of neoprene and glass fibre. A flat idler pulley (A5) ensures good belt position and an adjustable tension pulley controls the belt tension.
Repair Instructions Timing cover outer, replacement (15A-01) 1 6 Check that the cap is clean and that all the spring clips are fastened at the timing cover. Disconnect the battery. 7 2 Remove the generator (GEN) drive belt, operation 22A-03. Install the cap on the timing cover and ensure that all the clips are in position. 8 3 Remove the pulley for the water pump. 4 Remove the inspection hatch from the timing cover (15A.04/A). Install the inspection hatch on the timing cover and the cap.
Timing cover and drive Timing belt, inspection (15A-02) 3 Special tools: 885036 1 Remove the inspection hatch from the upper side of the timing cover (A). 2 Make a temporary mark on the belt to ensure that the whole belt is checked. Check the belt for wear and damage and check that the belt is not split or contaminated by oil. Turn the crankshaft so that all the teeth on the belt can be checked. Replace the belt if necessary, operation 15A-04. Remove the temporary mark.
Timing cover and drive Timing belt, tension (15A-03) Special tools: 885036, 885037 1 Install the adjustment drifts on the camshaft and flywheel, operation 17A-01. Unscrew the domed screws holding the belt tensioner roller. Adjust the belt tension using a hexagonal key in the hexagonal socket in the roller (C). The correct tension for a new belt is 425-465 N and for a used belt 340-370 N. When the tension is correct, tighten the domed screws to 45 Nm and then recheck the belt tension.
Timing cover and drive Timing belt, replacement (15A-04) Special tools: 885037 7 Check the belt teeth for wear. Check the belt for oil contamination, cracks and other damage. Replace the belt if any fault is found. 1 8 Disconnect the battery. Install the timing belt over the crankshaft, camshaft and fuel injection pump pulleys. Ensure that the direction arrows show a clockwise direction of rotation when seen from the front (15A.04/A). 2 Remove the screw over the adjustment hole in the camshaft cover.
Timing cover and drive 16 Install the cap of the timing cover, operation 15A-01 and install the inspection hatch. Fuel injection pump pulley, replacement (15A-05) Special tools: 885037, 885027, 885029 17 Install the mounting screw in the adjustment hole in the camshaft cover. 1 18 2 Connect the battery. Remove the screw over the adjustment hole in the camshaft cover. Turn the crankshaft until the adjustment hole in the front of the camshaft corresponds with the hole in the cover.
Timing cover and drive 7 13 Check the pulley for wear, cracks and other damage. Replace it if required. Tighten the pump pulley to 60 Nm and remove the locking tool. 8 14 Check that the key is correctly installed in the fuel injection pump shaft. Remove the adjustment drifts from the camshaft and the flywheel. 9 15 Check the fuel injection pump adjustment, operations 17A-03.
Timing cover and drive Camshaft pulley, replacement (15A-06) Special tools: 885027, 885029, 885037 1 Disconnect the battery. 2 Remove the screw over the adjustment hole in the camshaft cover. Turn the crankshaft until the adjustment hole in the front of the camshaft corresponds with the hole in the cover. Install the adjustment drifts 885037 in the camshaft and the flywheel. Remove the mounting screws for the pulley and remove the pulley. Remove the pulley hub (B1) and the guide pin (B2).
Timing cover and drive 14 Turn the crankshaft two revolutions to ensure that there is nothing preventing free movement Crankshaft pulley, replacement (15A-07) Special tools: 885029, 885027, 885037 15 Install the cap of the timing cover, operation 15A-01 and install the inspection hatch. 1 Disconnect the battery. 16 2 Install the mounting screw in the adjustment hole in the camshaft cover. Remove the screw over the adjustment hole in the camshaft cover.
Timing cover and drive 12 Insert the thin end spacer piece in the crankshaft (A1). Install the main tool 885027 (B) on the pulley using the mounting screws and tighten the center screws against the spacer piece to remove the pulley. Apply a bead of Loctite 648 (A3) in a complete circle internally in the hole in the pulley (A4), 6.5 mm from the rear end panel. 8 13 Check the pulley for wear, cracks and other damage. Replace it if necessary.
Timing cover and drive 17 25 Slide the (A8) into the keygroove to a depth of 5 mm measured from the pulley front end plate. Install the screw in the adjustment hole in the camshaft cover. NOTE! It is important that all excess Loctite is wiped off from the front end of the crankshaft and from the pulley before the pulley is installed. 26 18 27 Install the damper pulley (A5) on the pulley using the four mounting screws (A6). Finger tighten the mounting screws. Connect the battery.
Timing cover and drive Timing cover inner, replacement (15A-08) 9 Special tools: 885037, 885027, 885029 1 Disconnect the battery. 2 Remove the screw over the adjustment hole in the camshaft cover. Turn the crankshaft until the adjustment hole in the front of the camshaft corresponds with the hole in the cover. Install the adjustment drifts 885037 in the camshaft and the flywheel. Remove the starter motor.
Timing cover and drive 12 Remove the fuel injection pump pulley, operation 15A-05 and the camshaft pulley, operation 15A-06. 13 Install the crankshaft pulley if required, operation 14A-01A. 14 Install the timing belt, operation 15A-04. Remove the fixing pin for the fuel injection pump pulley and adjust the belt tension, operation 15A-03. 15 Remove the adjustment drifts from the camshaft and the flywheel. 16 Check the fuel injection pump adjustment, operations 17A-03.
Cylinder block General The cylinder block is made of cast iron with sides which extend below the crankshaft for maximum support. The cylinder bore is machined directly into the block and is specially honed to minimize wear and oil consumption. Repair instructions Cylinder block, replacement (16A.01) 1 6 Drain the engine oil and the engine coolant system. Remove the oil pump and filter unit, operation 18A06. 2 Remove the generator (GEN) drive belt, the generator (GEN) and the mounting brackets, see 22.
Cylinder block 10 20 Remove the cylinder head assembly, operations 12A-07. 11 Remove the oil pump, operation 20A-11. 12 Remove the oil filter/ separator unit. 13 Remove the oil pan, operation 18A-03. 14 Remove the pistons and connecting rods assembly, operation 13A-03. Install the fuel injection pump bracket. Check that the guide pins (A1) is correctly installed. Tighten the mounting screws to 43 Nm. 21 15 Remove the crankshaft pulley, operation 14A-09.
Cylinder block 27 Install the cylinder head assembly, operation 12A07. Cylinder block, inspection (16A-02) 1 28 Install the fuel filter, injectors and fuel injection pump, see section 19. 29 Install the oil pump and filter unit, operation 18A-06. 30 Install the timing cover, belt pulleys and the timing belt, see section 15. Install the crankshaft pulley, operation 14A-01A. Adjust the timing belt tension, operation 15A-01. 31 Remove the adjustment drifts and turn the crankshaft two revolutions.
Cylinder block If the cylinder bores are damaged or worn more than 0.15 mm, measured in the diameter, the bore can be bored out and honed to 0.50 mm, diametrically oversize, and oversized pistons can be installed. For best results the cylinder bore should be honed with a total angle of 30° to 35° with a silicon carbide honing element which gives clean scoring. Coarse hone with a surface evenness of 1.5-2.
Engine settings General The installation holes for the adjustment drifts are in the flywheel and in the front camshaft bearing journal. When these holes are aligned to the adjustment holes in the flywheel cover and the camshaft cover the cylinder 1 piston should be in the Top dead center (TDC) position of the compression stroke. marks (A and B) and two keygrooves. The keygroove on the same side as the relevant adjustment mark must always be used.
Repair Instructions Setting the 1st piston at top dead center of the compression stroke (17A-01) Valve timings, checking/ adjustment (17A-02) Special tools: 885037 Special tools: 885037 1 Disconnect the battery and remove the screw over the adjustment hole at the top of the front end of the camshaft cover.
Engine settings 8 Check the fuel injection pump adjustment, operations 17A-03. Injection timing, checking/adjustment (17A-03) 9 Special tools: 884955, 885139 (TMD22P, TAMD22), 885037 Remove the adjustment drifts and turn the engine two revolutions to ensure that there is nothing preventing free movement. 10 Install the cap of the timing cover, operation 12A-01 and install the screw in the adjustment hole in the camshaft cover.
Engine settings 5 If the read out is not within 0.05 mm of the correct setting, disconnect the fuel delivery lines from the pump. Use a wrench to prevent the output terminals on the fuel pump (FP) from moving when the delivery lines are removed or installed. Remove the nuts for the pump flange and mounting screws for the rear support bracket.
Lubrication system General The oil pump is located around the front end of the crankshaft, the pumps inner rotor is driven by a key in the crankshaft. The pump has an inner and an outer rotor which are located eccentrically in relation to each other. The inner rotor has ten teeth which mesh with the outer rotors eleven teeth. When the pump turns the space between the teeth, which are meshed with each other, increases so that a vacuum occurs, or decreases so that pressure increases.
Lubrication system Repair Instructions Oil filter, replacement (18A-01) 7 Check that there is lubricating oil in the oil pan. 1 Place a container under the filter to collect any spilled fluid. 2 8 Start the engine and check the filter for leaks. Check the oil level on the dipstick when the engine has cooled and top up the oil in the oil pan if necessary. NOTE! The filter holder contains a valve and a special pipe which ensures that the filter is not drained of oil.
Lubrication system 5 Oil pan, replacement (18A-03) 1 Drain the oil. Remove the dip stick. Disconnect the crankcase ventilation return pipe. 2 Arrange a support for the oil pan if required. Remove the screws holding the oil pan against the cylinder block. Lower the oil pan and remove the gasket. 3 Clean the sealing surfaces on the oil filter adapter and the oil pump. If an oil cooler is used ensure that a plug is installed in the oil filter adapter (B1).
Lubrication system Oil screen and suction pipe, replacement (18A-04) Oil screen and suction pipe, inspection (18A-05) The oil screen is an integrated part of the suction pipe. No regular service is required, but clean the oil screen when it is dismantled. 1 Clean the unit in kerosene and dry it carefully. 2 1 Remove the oil pan, operation 18A-03. Check the pipe, screen and welded joints for cracks and other damage. Check that the mounting bracket is well tightened.
Lubrication system Oil pump, replacement (18A-06) 11 Special tools: 885032, 885037 1 Disconnect the battery 2 Remove the screw from the adjustment hole on the top of the front end of the camshaft cover. Turn the crankshaft until the adjustment hole in the front of the camshaft front bearing journal corresponds with the hole in the cover. 3 Install the adjustment drifts in the camshaft and the flywheel, see section 17.
Lubrication system 13 16 Install the front stuffing box in the pump if necessary, see operation 14A-02. 17 Install a new front key on the crankshaft. 18 Install the timing cover, operation 15A-08. 19 Remove the pulleys and timing belt, see section 15. Clean the crankshaft and the protective socket 885032-3 and lightly lubricate with fresh engine oil. Install the protective socket (C1) on the crankshaft.
Lubrication system Oil pump, inspection (18A-07) If the rotors are so damaged that it affects the oil pump capacity, the whole oil pump must be replaced. 5 Check the rotor axial clearance using a ruler and a feeler gauge (C). For size and all clearances, see Workshop Manual “Technical Data”. 6 1 Unscrew the screws and remove the oil pump back plate. 2 Remove the rotors and check the all the components thoroughly. Check for cracks and other damage.
Lubrication system Relief valve, replacement (18A-08) The relief valve is installed on the left side of the pump and can be replaced as a unit. The pressure setting cannot be adjusted in any other way than by installing new components. 1 6 Install the piston in the sleeve with the open end of the piston turned inwards. Install the spring over the lug on the end of the piston. Install the end plug with the sprung end inserted in the cutout in the plug.
Fuel system General All engines are equipped with Bosch fuel injection pump. These pumps have mechanical engine speed regulator. The injectors are supplied with fuel under high pressure from the fuel injection pump and spray the fuel into the combustion chamber in the form of a finely misted jet. The pressure under which the injector operates can be adjusted by replacing the shims above the spring. The fuel injection equipment may only be checked and adjusted by personnel who have the necessary training.
Fuel injection system Repair Instructions Fuel filter, replacement (19A-01) 2 1 Use a strap wrench or similar to remove the filter (B). 3 Carefully clean the outside of the fuel filter unit. Slacken off the bleed screw (A1) located above the filter, two or three turns. Slacken off the drain arrangement (A2) at the bottom of the holder and drain the fuel into a suitable container. Ensure that the threaded adapter (B1) is steady in the filter head and that the inside of the head is clean.
Fuel injection system Injectors, fault-tracing 4 A faulty injector can cause engine misfires. Check the holder unit for wear and deformation and replace the unit if required. Replace the injector seat gasket. To find the faulty injector, run the engine at high idling speed. Slacken off and tighten the connector nut for the delivery line for each injector. When the connector nut for the faulty injector is slackened off it has little or no effect on the engine speed (RPM).
Fuel injection system Feed pump, replacement (19A-03) 6 Remove the fuel lines from the supply pump. Slacken off the bleed screw in the fuel filter head. Hand pump with the lever on the supply pump to eliminate any air between the supply ball and the fuel filter. Pump with the lever until air free fuel comes out of the bleed screw. Tighten the bleed screw. 2 7 Remove the screw from the adjustment hole on the top of the front end of the camshaft cover.
Fuel injection system Feed pump, reconditioning (19A-04) 5 The valves (B4) are jammed in the housing and can be removed with a suitable jimmy tool. Part of the flattened metal must be removed before the valves can be removed. 1 Clean the outside of the supply pump. 2 Make a mark straight across the flanges on both the pump halves to ensure correct reinstallation.
Fuel injection system 11 Install the diaphragm in position above the bottom pump half with the connecting arm fin upwards towards the slit in the control arm. Ensure that the small bulge in the edge of the diaphragm (19A.04/ C1) is at a 90° angle to the similar bulge on the pump housing (19A.04/C2). Press the diaphragm lightly down until the notch in the connecting rod is in the slit in the control arm.
Fuel injection system Fuel injection pump, replacement (19A-06) 7 Special tools: 885027, 885029, 885037 1 Disconnect the battery. 2 Position the piston in cylinder 1 at TDC in the compression stroke, operation 17A-01 and install the adjustment drifts 885037. 3 Remove the cap for the timing cover, the timing belt and the fuel injection pump pulley, see section 15. Remove the locknuts and remove the pump (B) – ensure that the key does not fall out of the drive shaft.
Fuel injection system 9 13 Check that the key is correctly installed on the pump shaft. Install the fuel injection pump in position with the locknuts sufficiently tightened to hold the pump secure, but not so much that it prevents radial movement in the housing. Install the screws holding the support bracket against the rear end of the pump and finger tighten them. Check that the adjustment drifts are removed. 14 Install the cap of the timing cover, operation 15A01.
Fuel injection system 19 Run the engine and check for any leakage. Check that the idle speed is correct, operation 19A-07. Idling speed, adjustment (19A-07) 1 20 If a new fuel injection pump has been installed, check that maximum idling speed, operation 19A07. Run the engine to operating temperature and check the idling speed. If required adjustment can be carried out using the inner adjustment screw (B1).
Fuel injection system Fuel injection system, bleeding (19A-08) 3 If air has entered the fuel injection system it must be removed before the engine is started. Air can enter the fuel injection system if: • The fuel tank is run dry during normal operation. • The low pressure fuel lines are loosened. • Any section of the low pressure system leaks while in operation. Carry out the following to bleed the system: 1 Slacken off the connector nuts for the delivery lines at the injectors (C).
Cooling system General The engine has two cooling circuits. The closed circuit is filled with coolant which is used for cooling the cylinder block and cylinder head. This coolant is also used to cool the exhaust manifold. The sea water circuit uses sea water, which is drawn directly from the outside of the boat, to cool the coolant in the closed circuit and to cool the engine oil (only Aengines).
Cooling system MD22L-B, MD22P-B, TMD22-B, TMD22P-C, TAMD22P-B 1. 2. 3. 4. 94 Cylinder block Thermostat The combined coolant tank, heat exchanger and exhaust manifold Engine oil cooler (MD22P, TMD22, TAMD22) 5. 6. 7. 8.
Cooling system Repair Instructions Coolant, draining (20A-01) Coolant, draining (20A-01) Applies to MD22A, MD22L-A, TMD22A Applies to MD22L-B, MD22P-B, TMD22-B, TMD22P-C, TAMD22P-B WARNING! Do not drain coolant when the engine is still warm and the system is pressurized, as dangerous hot coolant may spray out. WARNING! Do not drain coolant when the engine is still warm and the system is pressurized, as dangerous hot coolant may spray out. 1 Remove the coolant tank filler cap.
Cooling system Coolant, filling (20A-2) Coolant, filling (20A-2) Applies to MD22A, MD22L-A, TMD22A Applies to MD22L-B, MD22P-B, TMD22-B, TMD22P-C, TAMD22P-B 1 1 Remove the bleed plug from the hot water connection (B1) or the plug (B2) on the heat exchanger. Remove the bleed plug from the outlet connection for the coolant (B2). 2 Remove the filler cap (B3) from the coolant tank and fill the tank with coolant to the level of the filler pipe.
Cooling system Sea water circuit, draining (20A-03) Sea water circuit, draining (20A-03) Applies to MD22A, MD22L-A, TMD22A 1 Applies to MD22L-B, MD22P-B, TMD22-B, TMD22P-C, TAMD22P-B Check that the seacock is closed. 1 Check that the seacock is closed. 2 Disconnect both hoses from the sea water pump. 2 Disconnect both hoses from the sea water pump. 3 3 Drain the water from the heat exchanger through the cock (A4). Ensure that the drain hole is not blocked by contaminants.
Cooling system Thermostat, replacement (20A-04) Thermostat, checking 1 1 Drain the cooing system so that the coolant level is below the position of the thermostat and disconnect the upper hose from the coolant outlet connection. 2 Suspend the thermostat in a suitable container filled with water. 2 Warm the water slowly. Use a thermometer to measure at what water temperature the thermostat starts to open and at what temperature it is fully open.
Cooling system Circulation pump, replacement (20A-05) 8 1 9 Check that the mating surfaces of the circulation pump and cylinder block are clean. Disconnect the battery. 2 Drain the coolant circuit, operation 20A-01. 3 Disconnect the suction pipe at the circulation pump and, if necessary, the by-pass connection. 4 Position the piston in cylinder 1 at TDC in the compression stroke, operation 17A-01 and install the adjustment drifts.
Cooling system Sea water pump, replacement (20A-06) 7 Applies to MD22A, MD22L-A, TMD22A NOTE! If the installation plate and adapter plate for the sea water pump are removed, they must be aligned (using alignment tool 885038) before the pump is installed, see operation 20A-08. 1 Drain the sea water circuit, operation 20A-03. 2 Detach the hose clamp at the pump. 3 Remove the four mounting screws which hold the pump against the adapter plate and remove the pump.
Cooling system Sea water pump, replacement (20A-06) Applies to MD22L-B, MD22P-B, TMD22-B, TMD22P-C, TAMD22P-B 1 Drain the sea water circuit, operation 20A-03. 7 Install the pump on the engine with two screws (A1) and (A2) and install the belt. At the correct tension it should be possible to press in the belt approximately 5 mm between the pulleys. A torque wrench is required for making adjustments. Place the square plug of the torque wrench in the hole (A3).
Cooling system 2 12 Remove the end cover (B13) and the gasket (B14). Press stuffing box (B4) into position in the bearing housing with the lip against the side of the bearing. Lubricate the sealing lip a little. 3 Remove the rubber plug (B12) from the end of the impeller (B11). 13 4 Carefully remove the impeller from the shaft (B6) using a suitable lever or long nose pliers. Support the pump by the end of the cover and press the shaft and bearing unit into the bearing housing.
Cooling system Sea water pump, reconditioning (20A-07) 7 Applies to MD22L-B, MD22P-B, TMD22-B, TMD22P-C, TAMD22P-B 8 Remove the stuffing box (A7) from the housing. Check the components for wear or other damage and replace as necessary. 9 Check that all the components are clean. 10 Press the bearing (A9) on the shaft (A11). The bearings are permanently lubricated. 11 Press the stuffing box (A7) into position in the bearing housing. Lubricate the sealing lip a little.
Cooling system Installation and adapter plate for sea water pump, replacement (20A-08) 7 Special tools: 885038 Applies to MD22A, MD22L-A, TMD22A 1 Remove the sea water pump, operation 20A-06 and remove the adapter plate. 2 Disconnect the fuel pipe from the fuel filter and, if necessary, remove the filter. Remove the four mounting screws and remove the installation and adapter plate. Position alignment tool 885038 (A1) with the narrow diameter in the camshaft and the wider diameter in the adapter plate.
Cooling system Oil cooler, replacement (20A-09) Applies to MD22A, MD22L-A, TMD22A The pipes in the oil cooler do not usually need cleaning because the coolant which passes through them comes from the closed freshwater circuit. 1 Drain the coolant circuit, operation 20A-01. 2 Disconnect hose connectors to oil cooler. 3 Disconnect hose connectors to oil cooler. 4 7 If the oil cooler and suspension bracket have been removed: Hold the unit in position and install the two front mounting screws.
Cooling system Oil cooler, replacement (20A-09) Applies to MD22P-B, TMD22-B, TMD22P-C, TAMD22P-B The oil cooler may need cleaning because the coolant which passes through it comes from the sea water circuit. 1 Remove the oil pipes / hose from the cooler. 2 Make a mark on the flanges (A1) and the coolant tank, so that the flanges can be reinstalled in the same position. 3 Remove the four mounting screws and remove the oil cooler. 4 Check the components for signs of damage and replace if necessary.
Cooling system Heat exchanger / manifold / coolant tank, replacement (20A-10) Applies to MD22A, MD22L-A, TMD22A 7 Remove the gaskets and clean the mating surfaces on the unit, the cylinder head and the coolant pipes. Check the components for signs of damage and replace if necessary. If the heat exchanger insert needs replacing, see operation 20A-11. 1 Drain the coolant circuit, operation 20A-01 and the sea water circuit, operation 20A-03.
Cooling system 12 Connect the sea water intake and outlet pipes to the heat exchanger. The output pipe must be pushed in so that the end of the pipe is in the center of rubber end of the heat exchanger. 13 Install the intake manifold together with new gaskets and tighten the mounting screws to 22 Nm. 14 Install the support clamp which holds the outlet pipe from the heat exchanger. 15 Fill the coolant circuit, operation 20A-02 and open the seacock.
Cooling system 6 Place a new manifold gasket in position over the guide pins in the cylinder head (A1). You do not need to use any sealing compound. Check that the gasket is correctly installed. 7 Heat exchanger, reconditioning (20A-11) Applies to MD22A, MD22L-A, TMD22A The heat exchanger insert can be removed (with the heat exchanger installed on the engine) if the space behind or in front of the heat exchanger is at least 555 mm.
Cooling system 6 10 Check the components for signs of damage and replace if necessary. 7 Slide the sleeve (A1) on the end of the insert until the insert is in contact with the reduced diameter of the sleeve. 8 Press a rubber end (A2) over the other end of the insert until the protrusion inside the rubber end touches the end of the sleeve. 9 Install the second rubber end. Check that the pipe connectors of the rubber ends are in the correct position and tighten the clamps.
Cooling system Heat exchanger, reconditioning (20A-11) Charge air cooler (CAC), reconditioning (20A-12) Applies to MD22L-B, MD22P-B, TMD22-B, TMD22P-C, TAMD22P-B Applies to TAMD22P-B 1 Drain the sea water circuit, operation 20A-03. 1 Drain the sea water circuit, operation 20A-03. 2 2 Remove the cover and press the insert out of the heat exchanger. 3 Check that the holes in the pipes are clean.
Flywheel, flywheel cover General The motor may be equipped with a back plate of aluminum or soft carbon steel or a flywheel cover of cast iron. Marine engines have an aluminum adapter housing between the back plate and the reverse gear. The steel flywheel has a hardened ring gear which is installed by the process of shrinking-on. The ring gear has 104 teeth. Repair Instructions Flywheel, replacement (21A-01) 5 1 6 Remove the drive components from the rear end of the engine.
Flywheel, flywheel cover 8 Ring gear, replacement (21A-01) WARNING! Protective goggles must be worn for this operation. Check the position of the chamfering on the teeth before removing the ring gear. Removing The ring gear can be removed using a hammer and chisel to break off the collar. Make sure that the flywheel is not damaged during this operation. Installation Check the axial run-out on the flywheel surface (B). The axial run-out must not be greater than 0.
Flywheel, flywheel cover Flywheel cover, replacement (21A-3) 7 Special tools: 885030 1 Remove the drive components from the rear end of the engine. 2 Remove the starter motor, operation 22B-01. Engines with reverse gear: Remove the adapter housing for the reverse gear. 3 Remove the flywheel, operation 21A-01. Apply a continuous 1.5 mm line of sealant on the front surface of the cover, as shown in illustration A. This operation is not necessary if a separate housing is installed for the stuffing box.
Flywheel, flywheel cover 12 Install the flywheel and the drive adapter for the reverse gear, operation 21A-01. Check that the guide pins are correctly installed in the housing. Install the adapter housing for the reverse gear and tighten the mounting screws to 43 Nm. Check the concentricity of the housing (C) and the axial run-out (D) in the same way as in points 5 and 7 above. Install the support plate for the manifold. 13 Install the starter motor, operation 22B-01.
Electrical system Component description Generator Glow plugs The Valeo A13N 147M generator is driven from the crankshaft pulley with a single drive belt. The generator has a capacity of 60 A (early version 50 A). The starting aid for these engines consists of a set of glow plugs, one for each cylinder. Starter motor The starter motor is of the pre-connected type and the internal drive operates via a planetary train.
Electrical system Repair Instructions Generator, replacement (22A-01) 4 To prevent damage to the diodes and resistance, the following instructions must be followed. • Do not disconnect the battery when the engine is running. This causes an increase in voltage in the generator charging system, which may cause damage to the diodes or transistors. • Do not disconnect any electrical cables until the engine has stopped and all electrical switches are in the OFF position.
Electrical system Generator, maintenance 2 Connect a good-quality voltmeter with a range of 050 V across the generator and the negative terminals. 1 Check that the drive belt is not worn and that the belt tension is correct. If an ammeter is not connected in the circuit: Connect a good-quality ammeter with a range of 0-100 A to the lead between the generator and the battery positive terminal. 2 Keep the generator clean.
Electrical system Starter motor, replacement (22B-01) Starter motor, maintenance (22B-02) 1 The starter motor must be removed from the engine. Disconnect the battery. 2 Disconnect the starter motor cables. The brush unit can be removed from the rotor unit the back plate has been removed. Inspect the brushes to ensure that they move freely in their guides and that the cable connectors move freely. To check this, remove the spring holder and spring from each brush and gently pull the moveable connector.
Electrical system Starter motor, checking (22B-03) Glow plugs, replacement (22C-01) Check that the battery is charged. Switch on the lamps and engage the ignition switch. If no lamps are connected to the engine, connect a voltmeter across the battery poles and engage the ignition switch. If the starter motor does not operate, but the lamps keep their power (or if there is no fall in voltage across the battery) check the switch and all the connections and cables.
Electrical system Glow plugs, checking power supply/continuity Glow plugs, function check 1 1 Connect a 12 V test lamp between the battery positive pole and ground to check that the lamp operates. 2 Connect the test lamp between the output of the glow plug which is furthest away from the power source and ground. When the control switch is engaged, the test lamp should light if the power supply is correct. 3 Disconnect the cables at the glow plug connections.
Electrical system Wiring Diagram 122 Instrument panel Cable color 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. GR =gray SB =black BN =brown LBN =light brown R =red PU =purple GN =green W =white BL =blue LBL =light blue OR =orange Unless otherwise stated, cable cross sections = 1.
Electrical system Instrument panel 1. 2. 3. 4. Voltmeter Oil pressure gauge Engine coolant temperature gauge Printed circuit board 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Electrical system Engine Cable color 1. GR =gray SB =black BN =brown LBN =light brown R =red PU =purple GN =green W =white BL =blue LBL =light blue OR =orange 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Engine coolant temperature sensor Coolant temperature switch Oil pressure sensor Pre-heating Relay Ground fuse Fuses Unless otherwise stated, cable cross sections = 1.
Intake and exhaust system Turbocharger, replacement (only TMD, TAMD) Removing and installing 6 Remove the nuts at the turbocharger flange and remove the turbocharger (TC) (A) and the gasket. Remove the exhaust elbow and its joint from the turbocharger (TC) if installed. Install a protective cover over the openings in the turbocharger (TC) to prevent dirt etc from getting in.
Intake and exhaust system 13 Install the exhaust elbow for the turbocharger (TC) if required. Check that the mating surfaces on the elbow and the turbocharger (TC) are clean. Install a new gasket. Tighten the nuts to 22 Nm. Boost pressure control valve, checking 14 Connect the oil return line and the boost pressure line to the turbocharger (TC). 15 Pour 100-140 ml of clean engine oil through the intake opening in the turbocharger central housing.
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7738684-5 English 04-1999
