User’s and Service Guide Agilent Technologies 11644A X, P, and K Waveguide Calibration Kits This manual applies to 11644A series calibration kits with serial number prefix 3032A. Agilent Part Number: 11644-90371 Printed in USA Print Date: August 2010 Supersedes: June 2006 © Copyright 1994, 1996, 1997, 2001–2002, 2006, 2010 Agilent Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Documentation Warranty THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED "AS IS," AND IS SUBJECT TO BEING CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, AGILENT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Contents 1. General Information Calibration Kit Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2 Kit Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2 Calibration Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2 Equipment Required but Not Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents Aligning Two Precision Flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 Aligning a Precision and a Non-Precision Flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 Tightening a Flange Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 Inspecting a Flange Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 General Information X, P, and K 11644A 1- 1
General Information Calibration Kit Overview Calibration Kit Overview This waveguide calibration kit is used to calibrate network analyzer systems (such as the Agilent 8510, 872x, or PNA series). With the calibration data properly loaded in the network analyzer and a measurement calibration completed, systematic errors are minimized. Kit Contents Use the Contents List in the shipping container to verify the completeness of your shipment.
General Information Calibration Kit History Equipment Required but Not Supplied Cleaning supplies and various electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices are not supplied with the calibration kit but are required to ensure successful operation of the kit. Refer to Table 7-4 on page 7-10 for their associated part numbers. Calibration Kit History This manual applies to any Agilent 11644A series (X, P, or K) waveguide calibration kits whose serial number prefix is 3032A and above.
General Information Recording the Device Serial Numbers Recording the Device Serial Numbers In addition to the kit serial number, the devices in the kit are individually serialized (serial numbers are labeled onto the body of each device). Record these serial numbers in the appropriate table. Recording the serial numbers will prevent confusing the devices in this kit with similar devices from other kits.
General Information Preventive Maintenance Preventive Maintenance The best techniques for maintaining the integrity of the devices in the kit include: • routine visual inspection • routine cleaning • proper gaging • proper connection techniques All of these are described in Chapter 4. Failure to detect and remove dirt or metallic particles on a mating plane surface can degrade repeatability and accuracy and can damage any device mated to it.
General Information Preventive Maintenance 1- 6 X, P, and K 11644A
2 Specifications X, P, and K 11644A 2-1
Specifications Environmental Requirements Environmental Requirements Table 2-1 Environmental Requirements Parameter Limits Temperature Operating1 +20 °C to +26 °C Storage −40 °C to +75 °C Error-corrected range2 ±1 °C of measurement calibration temperature Relative humidity Type tested, 0% to 95% at 40 °C, non-condensing 1. The temperature range over which the calibration standards maintain performance to their specifications. 2.
Specifications Mechanical Characteristics Mechanical Characteristics Table 2-2 and Table 2-3 list the typical characteristics of the adapters and 1/4 wavelength shims in your kit. These are not specifications, but are included as additional information. Table 2-2 Mechanical Characteristics of Adapters Frequency band SWR1 Insertion Loss Center Conductor Pin Recession Tolerance Equivalent Flange Type X11644A WR-90 < 1.05 0.08 dB 0.0076 to 0.038 mm (0.0003 to 0.
Specifications Mechanical Characteristics 1/4 Wavelength Shims Figure 2-1. 1/4 Wavelength Shims Table 2-3 Mechanical Characteristics of 1/4 Wavelength Shims Frequency band Waveguide Band W (mm) H (mm) R (mm) Thickness (mm) 11664-20021 WR90 22.86 ±0.01 10.16 ±0.01 0.13 max 9.78 ±0.02 11664-20020 WR62 15.80 ±0.01 7.90 ±0.01 6.50 ±0.02 11664-20019 WR42 10.671 ±0.08 4.318 ±0.008 4.5 ±0.02 Shorts All waveguide shorts are flat within 0.008 mm.
Specifications Electrical Specifications Electrical Specifications Table 2-4 through Table 2-5 list the electrical specifications of the terminations, ¼ wavelength shims, and standard sections in your kit. Table 2-4 Electrical Characteristics and Specifications Device Frequency Termination Specification X11644A WR-90 8.2 to 12.4 GHz return loss ≥ 42 dB1 P11644A WR-62 12.4 to 18 GHz return loss ≥ 42 dB1 K11644A WR-42 18 to 26.5 GHz return loss ≥ 42 dB1 1.
Specifications Electrical Specifications Measurement Uncertainty Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) measurement accuracy depends on the accuracy of the calibration standards, the calibration method employed, instrumentation accuracy and stability, environmental factors, and the actual characteristic of the device under test (DUT). Because of the complexity in these relationships, Agilent created uncertainty computation tools to calculate the overall measurement uncertainty of a VNA system.
3 User Information X, P, and K 11644A 3- 1
User Information Calibration Devices and Their Use Calibration Devices and Their Use The P, K, and X11644A waveguide calibration kits contain termination load, standard sections, shim, and short. For measurement convenience, these kits contain either 7 mm coax-to-waveguide adapters for P-band and X-band, or 3.5 mm coax-to-waveguide adapters for K-band. The adapters are intended for adapting coaxial test sets to waveguide.
User Information Measurement Applications Measurement Applications NOTE For your convenience, two different lengths of screws are provided in this kit. While you can use the long screws for any connection, the shorter screws provide a faster connection for two-flange connections. Isolation In most cases, select the OMIT ISOLATION softkey on your network analyzer. You may also use the termination and the short as the port terminations by connecting one load to port 1 and the other load to port 2.
User Information Measurement Applications Load Connect the termination to the appropriate test port, as shown in Figure 3-3. Figure 3-3 Test Port and Termination Offset Load Connect the shim and the termination to the appropriate test port, as shown in Figure 3-4.
User Information Measurement Applications Offset Short Connect the shim and the short to the appropriate test port, as shown in Figure 3-5. Figure 3-5 Connect the Shim, Short, and Test Port Reflect Connect the short to the appropriate test port, as shown in Figure 3-6. Figure 3-6 Connect the Short to the Test Port Short See “Reflect.
User Information Measurement Applications Thru No device is required for this. Connect port 1 to port 2, as shown in Figure 3-7. Figure 3-7 Port 1 and Port 2 ¼ Wavelength Load See “Offset Load.” ¼ Wavelength Short See “Offset Short.
User Information Changing the ¼ Wavelength Shim Calibration Definition Changing the ¼ Wavelength Shim Calibration Definition The calibration kit definition data provided with this kit has a nominal value for the ¼ wavelength shim offset delay. You may use the nominal value provided, or measure the exact thickness of the shim and use that value to calculate its exact offset delay.
User Information Changing the ¼ Wavelength Shim Calibration Definition 3- 8 X, P, and K 11644A
4 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices X, P, and K 11644A 4-1
Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Electrostatic Discharge Electrostatic Discharge Protection against electrostatic discharge (ESD) is essential while connecting, inspecting, or cleaning connectors attached to a static-sensitive circuit (such as those found in test sets). Static electricity can build up on your body and can easily damage sensitive internal circuit elements when discharged. Static discharges too small to be felt can cause permanent damage.
Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Visual Inspection Figure 4-1 ESD Protection Setup Visual Inspection Visual inspection and, if necessary, cleaning should be done every time a connection is made. Inspect mating surfaces for dirt, dust, foreign particles, or scratches, which can degrade device performance. A damaged mating surface can damage any good surface connected to it. If necessary, clean all mating surfaces.
Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Cleaning the Mating Plane Surfaces Cleaning the Mating Plane Surfaces 1. Use Compressed Air or Nitrogen WARNING Always use protective eyewear when using compressed air or nitrogen. Use compressed air (or nitrogen) to loosen particles on the mating plane surfaces. Clean air cannot damage a device or leave particles or residues behind.
Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Connections Connections Good connections require a skilled operator. Slight errors in operator technique can have a significant effect on measurements and measurement uncertainties. The most common cause of measurement error is poor connections. The following procedures illustrate how to make good connections.
Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Connections Aligning Two Precision Flanges 1. Place the slip pins in the top and bottom holes of one flange, as shown in Figure 4-3. Figure 4-3 Inserting Slip Pins 2. Using the pins as guides, carefully align the flanges and insert two screws in the diagonal corner holes, as shown in Figure 4-4. Figure 4-4 Aligning Flanges 3. Place a lock washer and nut on each screw, and finger tighten. 4. Insert the remaining two screws. 5.
Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Connections Aligning a Precision and a Non-Precision Flange 1. Place an alignment pin (with head) in the corner hole of one flange. Place a second alignment pin in the diagonal corner hole of the second flange, as shown in Figure 4-5. Figure 4-5 Aligning Pins 2. Using the pins as guides, carefully align the flanges and insert two screws in the diagonal corner holes. 3. Place a lock washer and nut on each screw, and finger tighten. 4.
Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Connections Tightening a Flange Connection NOTE The best connection has symmetrical pressure applied as you gradually tighten the screws. 1. In an “X” pattern (for equal compression), tighten all four screws using a hex ball driver. Do not over-tighten. See Figure 4-6. 2. Visually inspect the connection. Refer to the following section “Inspecting a Flange Connection.
Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Handling and Storage Handling and Storage • Install the protective end caps and store the calibration devices in the foam-lined storage case when not in use. • Never store devices loose in a box, or in a desk or bench drawer. This is the most common cause of device damage during storage. • Keep devices clean. • Do not touch mating plane surfaces. Natural skin oils and microscopic particles of dirt are easily transferred to a device and are very difficult to remove.
Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Handling and Storage 4-10 X, P, and K 11644A
5 Performance Verification X, P, and K 11644A 5-1
Performance Verification Introduction Introduction The performance of your calibration kit can only be verified by returning the kit to Agilent Technologies for recertification. The equipment and calibration standards required to verify the specifications of the limits of the devices in the kit have been specially manufactured and are not commercially available. How Agilent Verifies the Devices in Your Kit Agilent verifies the specifications of these devices as follows: 1.
Performance Verification Recertification Recertification The following will be provided with a recertified kit: • a new calibration sticker affixed to the case • a certificate of calibration • a calibration report for each device in the kit listing measured values, specifications, and uncertainties NOTE A list of NIST traceable numbers may be purchased upon request to be included in the calibration report. Agilent Technologies offers a Standard calibration for the recertification of the kit.
Performance Verification Performance Test Performance Test Termination Return Loss Measurement For your convenience the following procedures have been included in this kit. Use this test, as needed, to check the performance of the terminations in this kit. Figure 5-1 Return Loss Test Setup 1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 5-1. Turn on and preset the network analyzer. Let the equipment warm up for at least one hour. NOTE The calibration kit definitions must already be loaded in the analyzer.
Performance Verification Performance Test 4. Set the averaging factor to 512. 5. At the adapter test port, perform a 2–port TRL calibration. 6. Turn on the calibration. 7. Connect the termination you wish to test to port 1. 8. Measure the return loss (S11) of the load. 9. After one complete measurement sweep, the displayed trace should look similar to that shown in Figure 5-2. 10. If necessary, update the trace. 11. Use a marker to determine the maximum value on the trace.
Performance Verification System Operation Checks System Operation Checks Use the following procedures and the standard section in this kit to verify the operation of your calibrated system. NOTE If you are using a different analyzer, refer to its documentation for specific measurement instructions. 8510 System Operation Check NOTE The 8510 network analyzer is no longer being sold or supported by Agilent.
Performance Verification System Operation Checks 7. To set the display: a. Press [S11]. b. Press RESPONSE [SCALE] [.1] [x1]. c. Select [REF POSN] [10] [x1]. d. Select [REF VALUE] [0] [x1]. e. Press MEASUREMENT [RESTART]. 8. After one complete measurement sweep, the displayed trace should look similar to the typical trace shown in Figure 5-3. 9. If necessary, select Press to Continue to update the trace. 10.
Performance Verification System Operation Checks The S11 and S22 of a Thru Measurement 1. Verify that the calibration is still on. 2. Verify that the averaging factor is set to 512. 3. Connect the standard section to ports 1 and 2 to form a thru connection. 4. To set the display: a. Press [S11]. b. Select RESPONSE [REF POSN] [10] [x1]. c. Press [SCALE] [10]. d. Press MEASUREMENT [RESTART]. 5.
Performance Verification System Operation Checks The S21 and S12 of a Thru Measurement 1. Verify that the calibration is still on. 2. Verify that the averaging factor is set to 512. 3. Connect the standard section to ports 1 and 2 to form a thru connection. 4. To set the display: a. Press [S21]. b. RESPONSE [REF POSN] [5] [x1] c. Select [REF VALUE [0] [x1]. d. Press [SCALE] [.02] [x1]. e. Select MEASUREMENT [RESTART]. 5.
Performance Verification System Operation Checks In Case of Failure If a system check fails, recalibrate the system and repeat the entire procedure (all three measurements). Remember that poor connections are the most common cause of measurement errors. Also, both the hardware state and the instrument state must be correct. Re-enter commands, if necessary, including the calibration kit definitions.
Performance Verification System Operation Checks Table 5-1 Using a TRL Calibration X11644A WR-90 (X-band) Test Measured Value Acceptable Value S11, shorted ≤ 0.15 dBp-p S22, shorted ≤ 0.15 dBp-p S11, thru ≤ −45 dB S22, thru ≤ −45 dB S21, thru ≤ 0.017 dBp-p S12, thru ≤ 0.017 dBp-p Pass (Yes/No) Table 5-2 Using a TRL Calibration P11644A WR-62 (P-band) Test Measured Value Acceptable Value S11, shorted ≤ 0.26 dBp-p S22, shorted ≤ 0.
Performance Verification System Operation Checks 872x System Operation Check 1. Short the standard section and perform an S11 and an S22 measurement to verify that the ripple on the reflection of the shorted waveguide section does not exceed the limits listed in the tables on page 5-15. If the ripple is less than the acceptable value, then the combination of directivity and source match errors of the calibrated system is within the factory specified values. 2. Check the S11 and S22 of a thru measurement.
Performance Verification System Operation Checks 9. Record the maximum peak-to-peak value in the appropriate table on page 5-15. 10. Turn off the delta marker mode. 11. Repeat this procedure from step 6, and make an S22 measurement on the standard section. Record the measured value in the appropriate table on page 5-15. The S11 and S22 of a Thru Measurement 1. Verify that the calibration is still on. 2. Connect the standard section to ports 1 and 2 to form a thru connection. 3. To set the display: a.
Performance Verification System Operation Checks 7. Record the maximum peak-to-peak value in the appropriate table on page 5-15. 8. Repeat this procedure from step 3, and make an S12 measurement. Record the measured value in the appropriate table on page 5-15. 9. If you use the delta marker mode, don’t forget to turn it off. In Case of Failure If a system check fails, recalibrate the system and repeat the entire procedure (all three measurements).
Performance Verification System Operation Checks Table 5-4 Using a Full 2-Port Calibration X11644A WR-90 (X-band) Test Measured Value Acceptable Value S11, shorted ≤ 0.15 dBp-p S22, shorted ≤ 0.15 dBp-p S11, thru ≤ −40 dB S22, thru ≤ −40 dB S21, thru ≤ 0.06 dBp-p S12, thru ≤ 0.06 dBp-p Pass (Yes/No) Table 5-5 Using a Full 2-Port Calibration P11644A WR-62 (P-band) Test Measured Value Acceptable Value S11, shorted ≤ 0.26 dBp-p S22, shorted ≤ 0.
Performance Verification System Operation Checks 5-16 X, P, and K 11644A
6 Troubleshooting X, P, and K 11644A 6-1
Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Process Troubleshooting Process This manual contains limited information about network analyzer system operation. For complete information, refer to the instrument documentation.
Troubleshooting Where to Look for More Information Where to Look for More Information This manual contains limited information about network analyzer system operation. For detailed information on using a VNA, ENA or PNA series network analyzer, refer to the appropriate user guide or online Help. • To view the ENA or PNA online Help, press the Help key on the front panel of the network analyzer. • To view an online VNA user guide, use the following steps: 1. Go to www.agilent.com. 2.
Troubleshooting Contacting Agilent Contacting Agilent Assistance with test and measurement needs and information on finding a local Agilent office are available on the Web at: www.agilent.com/find/assist If you do not have access to the Internet, please contact your Agilent field engineer. NOTE 6-4 In any correspondence or telephone conversation, refer to the Agilent product by its model number and full serial number.
7 Replaceable Parts X, P, and K 11644A 7-1
Replaceable Parts This page is intentionally left blank.
Replaceable Parts Introduction Introduction The following tables list the replacement part numbers for the Agilent P11644A, K11644A, and X11644A waveguide calibration kits. Table 7-4 lists the replacement part numbers for items not included in the calibration kit that are either required or recommended for successful operation of this kit. To order a listed part, note the description, part number, and the quantity desired. Telephone or send your order to Agilent Technologies.
Replaceable Parts Introduction Table 7-1 Replaceable Parts for the X11644A WR-90 Description Qty Per Kit Agilent Part Number Calibration Devices Termination 2 00910-60003 Standard section 1 00896-60008 Short 1 11644-20018 ¼ Wavelength shim 1 11644-20021 7 mm coax-to-waveguide adapter 2 X281C Option 006 Alignment pin 6 11644-20024 Slip pin 6 11644-20025 8-32 pozi drive screw (0.625 in length) 6 2510-0109 8-32 pozi drive screw (1.
Replaceable Parts Introduction Figure 7-1 X-Band Component Identification Sheet X, P, and K 11644A 7-5
Replaceable Parts Introduction Table 7-2 Replaceable Parts for the P11644A WR-62 Qty Per Kit Description Agilent Part Number Calibration Devices Termination 2 00910-60002 Standard section 1 00896-60007 Short 1 11644-20017 ¼ Wavelength shim 1 11644-20020 7 mm coax-to-waveguide adapter 2 P281C Option 006 Alignment pin 6 11644-20023 Slip pin 6 11644-20025 6-32 pozi drive screw (0.875 in length) 6 2360-0207 6-32 pozi drive screw (.562 in length) 6 2360-0229 lock washer (0.
Replaceable Parts Introduction Figure 7-2 P-Band Component Identification Sheet X, P, and K 11644A 7-7
Replaceable Parts Introduction Table 7-3 Replaceable Parts for the K11644A WR-42 Description Qty Per Kit Agilent Part Number Calibration Devices Termination 2 00910-60001 Standard section 1 00896-60006 Short 1 11644-20016 ¼ Wavelength shim 1 11644-20019 3.5 mm coax-to-waveguide adapter (m) 1 00281-60001 3.5 mm coax-to-waveguide adapter (f) 1 K281C Option 006 Alignment pin 6 11644-20022 Slip pin 6 11644-20027 4-40 pozi drive screw (0.
Replaceable Parts Introduction Figure 7-3 K-Band Component Identification Sheet X, P, and K 11644A 7-9
Replaceable Parts Introduction Table 7-4 Items Not Included in the Calibration Kit Description Qty Agilent Part Number ESD Protection Devices Grounding wrist strap 1 9300-1367 5 ft grounding cord for wrist strap 1 9300-0980 2 ft by 4 ft conductive table mat with 15 ft grounding wire 1 9300-0797 ESD heel strap 1 9300-1308 -- -- Cleaning Supplies Anhydrous isopropyl alcohol (>92% pure)1 Foam-tipped cleaning swabs 100 9301-1243 1.
A Standard Definitions X, P, and K 11644A A-1
Standard Definitions Class Assignments and Standard Definitions Values are Available on the Web Class Assignments and Standard Definitions Values are Available on the Web Class assignments and standard definitions may change as more accurate model and calibration methods are developed. You can download the most accurate class assignments and standard definitions from Agilent’s Calibration Kit Definitions Web page at http://na.tm.agilent.com/pna/caldefs/stddefs.html.
Index Symbols ¼ wavelength shims, 2-5 Numerics 1/4 wavelength shims, 2-4 8510 network analyzer, 1-2 A adapter characteristics, 2-3 Agilent Technologies application note, A-2 contacting, 6-3, 6-4 alcohol, isopropyl precautions for use of, 4-4 aligning non-precision and precision flanges, 4-7 precision flanges, 4-6 applications, measurement, 3-3 assistance contacting agilent, 6-4 B box, part number, 7-4, 7-6, 7-8 C calibration bad, 6-2 certificate of, 5-3 constants, See calibration definitions definitions pa
Index heel strap, part number, 7-10 history, serial numbers, 1-3 how often to calibrate, 1-5 humidity specifications, 2-2 I incoming inspection, 1-3 inspection flange connection, 4-8 incoming, 1-3 visual, 4-3 isolation, 3-3 isopropyl alcohol precautions for use of, 4-4 K kit contents, 1-2, 7-4, 7-8 drawing of, 7-5, 7-7, 7-9 overview, 1-2 performance failure, 6-2 verification, 5-2 L line, 3-3 load, 3-4 load, part numbers, 7-4 M maintenance of devices, 1-5 preventive, 1-5 manual printing copies, -ii manual,
Index tag, service, 5-3, 6-3 temperature affect on electrical performance, 2-2 cautions about, 2-2 environmental requirements, 2-2 error-corrected, 2-2 measurement, 2-2 specifications, 2-2 verification and measurement, 2-2 termination, 3-2 test data, 5-3 test, performance, 5-4, 5-5 thru, 3-6 traceability of device specifications, 5-2, 5-3 troubleshooting, flowchart, 6-2 U uncertainty, measurement, 2-6 V verification device, 5-2 performance, 5-3 temperature, 2-2 visual inspection, 4-3 W warranty, documentat
