Table of Contents Table of Contents ················································································································ i Packing List······················································································································· iii Main Components ·············································································································· 1 Front View ·····················································································
Modify Server ·····························································································································43 Initial setup change Through Browser ····················································································45 Initial Configuration Worksheets···················································································· 47 Sample Configuration Worksheets·················································································· 48 Contact
Packing List • One (1) WebMux unit • One (1) Power cord • One (1) User Manual • One (1) Warranty registration card iii
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Main Components Front View Toggle Power Switch This switch toggles power on and off. To power off, the switch must be pressed and held for 5 seconds. Reset Button Press and release the reset button to reset the WebMux. This process may take several minutes to complete. Up Arrow Button, Down Arrow Button When each button pressed, the value of the cursor location increases or decreased.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Rear View Server LAN Port Connect this port to the Server LAN switch or hub. This port connects to the servers and your local computers. It is the right most RJ45 socket. In Out-of Path configuration, this is the only Ethernet cable to be connected. Backup WebMux Port Optionally, you may connect another WebMux to this port so that you can have redundancy.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 WebMux Overview Key Features The WebMux is a standalone network appliance designed primarily to load balance IP traffic to multiple servers. The WebMux includes the following key features. • Improves performance by distributing the traffic for a site or domain among multiple servers. No one server will be bogged down trying to service a particular site.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 • Built-in Firewall Protections. Stop possible hacker intrusion into your network from Internet. All IP addresses and ports are blocked except the farm IP address. Built-in functions will detect any possible denial of service attack and make your services always available. (Note: this function only works in NAT mode with “Forwarding Deny”, see setup for details). • In-Path or Out-of-Path Load Balancing.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 The WebMux Family The 1U WebMux family consists of two models. They are: • • The WebMux The WebMux Pro The table below compares the features of the models.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Network Overview The WebMux has two modes, In-Path, or NAT (Network Address Translation) and Out-of-Path (Direct Routing) mode. Each mode has its advantage and disadvantages. Lets look the NAT mode first. The main purpose of the WebMux is to balance the traffic among multiple web or other servers. The diagram above shows an NAT installation with two WebMuxes.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 • First, Server 1 and Server 2 would each need the website www.cainetworks.com configured on them and HTTP/HTTPS services started, and • Second, a farm on the WebMux is defined with Server 1 and Server 2 in it. The servers would be setup to either share the traffic, or setup as a primary server and standby server. In either case, if Server 1 goes down, then all traffic will be automatically directed to Server 2 by the WebMux.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Sample Configurations Single WebMux • This installation requires one WebMux. • One WebMux interface connects to the Router LAN. The other interface connects to the Server LAN. 9 Copyright© 1997-2004 CAI Networks, Inc.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 • The WebMux translates the Internet addresses to an internal non-routable class-C address. In this example, the netmask is 255.555.255.0. The IP address of the WebMux interface attached to the Server LAN is 192.168.199.251. • The Default Gateway for all the servers is 192.168.199.1. • Farm 1 IP address is 205.133.156.200. Servers 1 and 2 serve Farm 1. • Farm 2 IP address is 205.133.156.210. Servers 2 and 3 serve Farm 2.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Redundant Installation • The installation requires two WebMuxes. One will be the primary, and the other the secondary. They connect together with the Ethernet cable that is either cross-over or through a hub. The primary redundant interface IP address is 192.168.255.253; the secondary redundant interface IP address is 192.168.255.254. They can not be changed. • Both WebMuxes connect to the Router LAN, and to the Server LAN.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 • The registered Internet IP address range is a class C address range. The IP address of the WebMuxes’ Virtual Farms must be in the same network range as the Internet router. • The WebMux translates the Internet addresses to an internal non-routable class A address. In this example, the subnet-mask 255.0.0.0. The IP address of the WebMux interfaces attached to the Server LAN are 10.1.1.10 and 10.1.1.20.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Installation without IP Address Change Out-of-Path Mode: The above diagram is an example about how to configure the WebMux in out-ofpath mode without changing the IP addresses of the web servers and other servers that already exist on the network. This is particularly helpful when the changing of an existing network of servers causes problems. In this configuration, all the servers still remain on the same IP network, and can communicate.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Out-of-path mode also allows two WebMuxes to fully backup each other. Two WebMuxes connected to each other through a cross-over Ethernet cable. Two simple changes must be made to each server in the farm. 1) To have a new loop back adapter installed and have its address set to the farm address. Do not set the gateway on the loop back adapter.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Configuring the WebMux Before you Start Please collect the information about names and IP addresses designated by the arrows in the network topology below. Network Terminology A Virtual Farm includes the WebMux setup and the servers under it. Functionally, it acts as a single unit on a network. For example, http://www.cainetworks.com is one virtual server farm; https://www.cainetworks.com is another farm, and ftp://ftp.cainetworks.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 To serve the Internet, there must be at least one Internet Router. This local area network that connects the router and the WebMux is called the Router LAN. In this LAN, the WebMux takes the Internet traffic and distributes it to the servers behind it. The LAN connecting WebMux and real servers together is called Server LAN. In NAT mode, only WebMux boxes are connected to both Router LAN and Server LAN.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 • Power up all devices in the network. • Verify that all the devices are up and running. • You are now ready to configure WebMux. Hardware Setup ---Configuration Summary CAUTION: Do not proceed without collecting all necessary information. • Turn on WebMux. Turn on the switch on the back of the WebMux and push the power-on button in the front momentarily.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 quickly: If you hold down the up/down button for more than a second, the letter will start changing quickly.) Note the left most down arrow on the LCD allowing user to skip certain entries. Enter WebMux Domain Name: This is for identification only, no effect for network operation. Although it can be any name, we suggest using the primary domain name of the Router LAN network. If you have only one domain, use that domain name.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 This is the network mask of the Router LAN network. It is usually 255.255.255.0 for class C networks. Enter Server LAN WebMux IP Address: This is the IP address of the WebMux interface that connects to the Server LAN. This IP address must also be unique for each WebMux. This address must be different from the server LAN gateway address. The purpose of this IP address is to allow WebMux checking the network and server healthy situation.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 In the single WebMux setup, this address CANNOT be the same as the WebMux IP interface address on the Server LAN. For the NAT setup, please continue to the Common Configuration section on next page. Out-of-Path Related Configuration Enter Server LAN WebMux IP Address: This is the IP address of the WebMux interface that connects to the Server LAN. This IP address must also be unique for each WebMux.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Is this a Primary WebMux? If this is the Primary, answer Yes. If this is the Secondary WebMux, answer No. The secondary WebMux automatically gets configuration information from the Primary once it sets up. If this is the only WebMux, answer Yes. Primary WebMux Information This question is not asked for the Secondary WebMux.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Enter Admin http Port Number: This is http port number for accessing Management Console in non-secure mode. Any unused port number can be used. Factory default port number is 24, one could choose to use any unused port below 10214 or port number above 1024 for this. Using port number above 1024 will need to setup an admin farm. This farm is for preventing port collision in case passive FTP is one of the farms.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 After the WebMux is rebooted, the statistics of the incoming package, outgoing package, etc will be displayed on LCD periodically. What if I made mistake in my configuration? One can always make changes to the hardware settings by press the CheckMark button for three seconds when the statistic screen showing.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Management Console After the Initial Configuration, user should be able to connect a web browser to the WebMux. The web browser does all of the WebMux management. The following sections explain each of the easy to use management console screens.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 User ID: There are two preset user IDs • Super User - Allows access to all screens and functions provided by the WebMux. • WebMux - Does not allow the user to access or change any settings viewing only (Firmware version prior to 5.8.09 allowing farm changes). Password: Fill in the correct password for the selected User ID. The password is case sensitive.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Main Management Console Once logged into Management Console, this main screen will show. To continue configure WebMux, normal steps are: Click on the “Setup” button to change administration and setup related information; Click on “Add Farm” button to add a server farm at a time; Click on the “IP address” portion of the farm display to add servers; Click on “Save” button to save the farm/server configuration.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 This button will allow user to save and restore the WebMux configuration to and from their management workstation. See later chapter for details. Setup Button This button brings up the “Administration Setup” page. "Super User" login is required to access this page. See related section later for details. Show Event This button will display all the events since WebMux last reboot. The event includes server failure or state change.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Administration Set Up After login as superuser, click on the setup button, you will come to this screen: Copyright© 1997-2004 CAI Networks, Inc.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Allowed remote host IPs: The WebMux management console and diagnose login only allow logins from these IP addresses to establish a management session. You can access from more than one IP address by specifying all the allowed IP addresses separated by a ":". Netmask following the IP address specify the range of hosts can access management console. For example, 192.168.12.0/24 will allow all hosts in 192.168.12 network to access it.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 WebMux http control port: Since WebMux load balancing incoming HTTP traffic, the HTTP port for the management console must be set to a different port. By default, the port is 24. You can change the port, if so desired. Front push button can also change this. WebMux https control port: Since WebMux load balancing incoming HTTPS traffic, the HTTPS port for the management console must be set to a different port. By default, the port is 35.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 to combine. When too large a mask applied, it will defeat the load balancing function of WebMux. ICMP Packet input policy: • • Accept: The WebMux will allow all ICMP packets to travel through the WebMux. For CLI arp commands working properly, this must be accept. Deny: The WebMux will NOT allow any ICMP packets to travel through the WebMux.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 from outside through server farms to the servers. After the connection closed from the servers to the outside computer, it will wait this timeout minutes before it removes that from the tracking table. Setting this too long will cause WebMux allocating too much memory, thus reduce the memory for other functions. The default value is 15 minutes. This function has no effect in Out-of-Path mode.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 configuration to take effect. WebMux remotely. You can use the Reboot button to reboot the Change Browser Login Password: Name: Select the login name for which the password is to be changed. New Password: Enter the new password. This is the password to which the login will be changed. New Password Again: Enter the same password as in the previous box. Confirm/Cancel: Click Confirm to execute the change.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Set Clock: Click this button to go to the “Set the Clock” page. The time and date of the WebMux then can be set. Please note that WebMux internally uses GMT time zone, not your local time zone, per W3C/HTTP protocol. If the timezone did not set correctly, the browser access could be denied, due to “cookie” time out.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Enter the minute of the hour. Note: The recommendation is to set the WebMux clock to UTC (GMT) time. Time Zone: Select the time or hour offset to the UTC (GMT) time. You can set WebMux to your local time, if your time zone is selected here. Confirm/Cancel: Click Confirm to execute the date and time change. Click Cancel to return to the previous screen WITHOUT making any date or time changes. 35 Copyright© 1997-2004 CAI Networks, Inc.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Upload/Download Download: This feature allows the SAVED (not necessarily the active) configuration to be saved at the Administrative Browser workstation. Click on the Click Here to display the configuration. Choose ‘File->Save As’ from the browser menu to save it as a text file. Changes can be made to this file and uploaded to the WebMux without changing the first comment line.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Add Farm Farm IP address: This is the IP address of the new farm. The farm address could be the Internet known address or the address has been translated by your firewall. For example, if you want to create an http farm for www.yourdomain.com, the farm IP address will be the IP address for www.yourdomain.com from your DNS record. If the IP address of www.yourdomain.com is 205.188.166.10, then the Farm IP address is also 205.188.166.10.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 server. From version 5.6, name label also being used to check HTTP layer 7 protocols as part MIME header in virtual hosting. The format of the farm name label will be www.xyz.com, max length 75 bytes. If the server returns error code 401, WebMux consider that server dead. For both IIS and Apache servers doing virtual hosting, farm name label must be an existing web site name on the server.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 known ports in the list. For Custom Defined TCP Service (custom health check), please specify the URL for the CGI code in the setup screen. Caution: Once a farm is created, the port number cannot be changed. Like the IP address, the old farm must be deleted and a new one created, in order to change farm settings. Please choose “Generic TCP” and specify port number, if service is not listed below.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Modify Farm Modify farm can be invoked from the Status screen by clicking on the farm IP addresses or labels. Farm IP address and port number: These numbers are displayed here for reference purposes. These fields are set in the "Add Farm" screen. Once set, they are not changeable. If they must be changed, delete the farm and then add a new one. Label: The label field can be changed to make it fit better for describing the farm.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Delete: Click this button to delete the entire farm. CAUTION: This function also deletes ALL the servers under this farm. Add Server: Click this button to add a new server to this farm. Server IP Address: This is the IP address of the server to be added. From version 4.0.3, WebMux allows adding label next to each server’s IP address. The purpose of labeling a server is only for helping name the server in the farm.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 CAUTION: Like the IP address, once created, the port number cannot be changed. To correct the port number, the old server needs to be deleted and a new one to be created. Weight: Scheduling priority weight. Valid integer numbers are between 1 and 100. A server that has a weight of 2 will be directed twice as much traffic as a server with a weight of 1. A special zero weight setting is provided for a graceful shut down of a server.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Modify Server Modify Server can be invoked by clicking on the server IP address on the Status screen. Destination server IP address and port number: These parameters are set in the “Add Server” screen. Once set, these fields cannot be modified. To correct this setting, delete the server and add a new one. Label: The label can be changed at any time.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Running state: • • • • Active Favorite Active Standby Last Resort Standby Copyright© 1997-2004 CAI Networks, Inc.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Initial setup change Through Browser Sometimes users like to change the basic settings for the WebMux through browser interface, for example, when WebMux located in a hosting center across the country. If one has information about the WebMux current basic settings, one could change those parameters through browser. On the browser, enter the following URL: https://webmux_ip:webmux_manage_port/cgi-bin/rec For example, if your webmux IP is 192.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 After enter proper password and set clock information, then “continue” button will bring up this screen: When the mouse moving over a field, the current value will be automatically filled the field. One may change it based on the new information obtained from ISP or network engineers. Once you press on the submit button, WebMux will save all the changes to its internal slid state storage and reboot itself with the new value.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Sample Configuration Worksheets Standalone WebMux Configuration Before WebMux Installation Equipment Internet Router (or Firewall) Address Webserver(s) Default Gateway Web Site IP Address Configuration After WebMux Installation Question IP Address 205.133.156.1 205.133.156.1 205.133.156.200 Entry webmux Host Name Domain Name NAT or Out-of-Path Cainetworks.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 205.133.156.210, and add above three servers to the 2nd farm. 49 Copyright© 1997-2004 CAI Networks, Inc.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 A Redundant Installation Configuration Before WebMux Installation Equipment IP Address Internet Router (or Firewall) Address 205.133.156.1 Webserver(s) Default Gateway 205.133.156.1 Web Site IP Address 205.133.156.200 Configuration Before WebMux Installation Question Entry Secondary Primary webmux1 webmux2 Host Name Domain Name NAT or Out-of-Path Cainetworks.com Cainetworks.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Direct Routing Installation of WebMux Configuration Before WebMux Installation Equipment Internet Router (or Firewall) Address Webserver(s) Default Gateway Web Site IP Address Configuration After WebMux Installation Question Host Name Domain Name NAT or Out-of-Path IP Address 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.200/255.255.0.0 Entry webmux Cainetworks.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 loopback adapter, which will need to be removed, please refer to Appendix 2. In the virtual farm, each server uses its original IP address to join the farm. Contact Information For latest product and support information, please visit our web site at: http://www.cainetworks.com To reach us by e-mail: Support: support@cainetworks.com Sales: sales@cainetworks.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 FAQs Q. R. I can’t login with my browser. It always says you are not logged into? To use your browser to manage the WebMux, it must be set to accept all cookies. Because the cookie sets expired in 8 hours, you also need to make sure your hardware clock set correctly using GMT. The message indicates your system clock off. Please refer to page 45 for how to set the internal clock. Q. R. I can’t login with my browser.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 R. Your servers are trying to resolve WebMux’s IP address to name so it could log them into log file. To avoid this problem, set the servers not resolve the IP addresses, also adding all the IP address to the /etc/hosts file on your servers. For example, // use your real IP address www.mydomain.com 1.2.3.4 webmuxgw 192.168.199.1 // server lan gateway webmuxip 192.168.199.254 // server lan WebMux Q.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 host can reach to the outside. If such restriction is desirable, then additional firewall is needed. Q. R. What can I do if the service that I want to load balance is not in the list? WebMux as is already supports many different services. In the case if your service is not in the list, you could use generic TCP and/or UDP to set your farm.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Regulations Notice to the USA Compliance Information Statement (Declaration of Conformity Procedure) DoC FCC Part 15: This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following conditions: 1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and 2) This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Appendix 1 – How to Add A Loopback Adapter Installing the MS Loopback Adapter 1. Click Add Hardware -> Add a new device -> No, I want to select the hardware from a list, and select Microsoft Loopback Adapter from the list and click OK. 2. At the MS Loopback Adapter Card Setup screen hit OK to the default of 802.3 3. You should be prompted for the path to the NT setup files. Click Continue once the path is correct. 4. Click Close.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Appendix 2 - How to make route delete reboot persistent 1. In a Windows system, go to boot drive root by cd C:\; 2. Use a text editor to create a text file, in which it contains one line: route delete 10.1.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 10.1.1.200 3. In above file 10.1.0.0 is the network destination, 255.255.0.0 is the Netmask for the network, and 10.1.1.200 is the farm address, also is the address for the loopback adapter address. 4.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Appendix 3 - Phone Paging Codes When an error occurs, the WebMux will send an error code to the regular numerical pager assigned in the Administration Setup page. Please refer to the Management Browser - Administration Setup section on setting up phone pager numbers. To be as compatible as possible to different types of pagers, only numeric error codes are used. The minimum requirement is the pager should be able to display up to 18 digits.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 For WebMux Primary Only • 66 - Secondary is not responding. For WebMux Secondary Only • 71 - Primary failed. Secondary took over from Primary. • 72 - Primary went back up. Control returns to the Primary. Copyright© 1997-2004 CAI Networks, Inc.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Appendix 4 – Virtual Hosting Issues Servers serving more than one web site may do virtual hosting. WebMux supports virtual hosting by checking the virtual server’s response. There are three different situations for WebMux to handle. If the service is HTTPS, there is no way to do virtual hosting on the same IP addresse. However, each HTTPS farm can be on a different IP address on the same server.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Appendix 5 – Sample Custom CGI Code The custom cgi-bin checking program may be written in Java, VB, C, or Perl, for example, or it may be a WB or shell script. Here is sample script written for the linux shell bash which sees if an SSH daemon is running as its check criterion.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5. 8 Rev15 Appendix 6 – Access CLI Commands Once the diagnose ports set, superuser could use ssh or telnet to access the CLI commands to help troubleshoot network problems or server problems. There are maximum two diagnose ports. The first one will be SSH and second one will be Telnet. If there is only one port specified, only SSH access is allowed. “ssh –l superuser –p port_number webmux_ip_address” Can be issued from any Linux/Unix computer.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5.
The WebMux Pro and Model WM108E User Guide – Version 5.
