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Multichannel Monitoring Tutorial Booklet (M2TB) rev. 3.5.2

Masataka Nakahara : SONA Corporation

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4-4. Monitoring the decoder output

The inclusion of a bass management controller is required for consumer DVD players and AV receivers.

As mentioned in the preceding section, the ability to adjust the gain of the LFE channel is indispensable

for bass management, and for this reason some consumer devices do not output LFE at unity gain. Thus

when the output of the decoder is being monitored in the studio, it is necessary to pay attention to the LFE

output level.

The examples shown in [Fig. 43] and [Fig. 44] are simplifications of a portion of the output processing in

a consumer player and AV receiver. [Fig. 43] shows bass management turned on, and [Fig. 44] shows it

turned off.

[Fig. 43] An example of output processing in a consumer player and receiver,

with bass management on

[Fig. 44] An example of output processing in a consumer player and receiver,

with bass management off

Consumer devices that have this type of bass management circuit automatically switch the “AMP” gain of

[Fig. 43] and [Fig. 44] according to the input source in order to produce an LFE output appropriate for a

wide range of media formats. For example +10 dB of gain is applied for DVD-Video sources such as

Dolby DIGITAL or DTS, while +/-0 dB is applied to DVD-Audio or Super Audio CD.

On some consumer equipment this gain (AMP) is applied regardless of whether bass management is on or

off, while for other consumer equipment this gain depends on the bass management on/off status. Thus,

you should be aware that on some consumer devices, the LFE output is already at +10 dB when playing

back DVD-Video. When monitoring the decoder output of this type of consumer device in the studio, the

LFE playback level must be set to +/-0 dB (or the LFE channel of the decoder output must be input at -10

dB).

Incidentally, the “Att” in [Fig. 43], [Fig. 44] is an attenuator that automatically adjusts the playback level

of the surround speakers when the surround format is changed, such as from 5.1 to 3-1, etc. For example

the surround speaker output level is changed by +/-0 dB in the case of 5.1, or -3 dB in the case of 3-1, as

appropriate for the channel format of the consumer input source. Thus when the decoder output of a

consumer device is being monitored in a studio, it is often unnecessary to adjust the surround monitor

LFE

SUB

AMP

HPF

LPF

HPF

Att

Decode

Dolby, DTS,

MPEG-2( AAC),

etc.

DVD-Audio,

Super Audio CD etc.

LFE

SUB(LFE)

AMP

Att