YAMAHA AUTHORIZED PRODUCT MANUAL DIGITAL PROGRAMMABLE ALGORITHM SYNTHESIZER
YAMAHA DIGITAL PROGRAMMABLE ALGORITHM SYNTHESIZER OWNER'S MANUAL
Welcome Welcome to the DX7 II FD/D, the newest members of the growing family of FM digital synthesizers from Yamaha. Using the industry-standard DX7 as its starting point, the DX II offers a number of important new features, such as improved sound quality, two-layer voice programming, additional FM features, new performance options, an expanded front-panel LCD display, and on-board disk storage (on the DX7IIFD).
Tips The DX7 I I FD/D has been designed for years of trouble-free use. In order to ensure that it remains a healthy member of your family of musical instruments, please keep the following tips in mind: Installation: When setting up the DX in your home or studio, avoid exposure to direct sunlight or other sources of heat. Environments with excessive dust, cold, dampness, or vibration can also damage your instrument.
AC Power & Down Time: Whenever the DX will not be used for an extended period of time, it is best to protect it from potential disaster. Electrical storms and other natural or man-made disasters can give rise to power surges, which may damage the digital circuitry of your DX — even if the power is turned off. Either unplug your instrument when not in use, or invest in power strips with surge protectors to safeguard all of your electronic equipment.
Playing the DX7 II FD/D -1-
Contents 3 Getting Started 3 4 5 5 Making Audio Connections Turning On the DX Setting the Volume Slider Setting the Pan and Poly/Mono Buttons 6 6 7 8 9 Exploring The New Performance Library Selecting the Internal Performance Memories The Internal Performance Memories Selecting the Cartridge Performance Memories The Cartridge Performance Memories 10 10 11 12 13 Exploring The New Voice Library Selecting the Internal Voice Memories The Internal Voice Memories Selecting the Cartridge Voice Memories The
Contents 1 3 6 10 14 15 Section 1: Playing the DX7 II FD/D Getting Started Exploring The New Performance Library Exploring The New Voice Library The Play Modes Using Controllers with the DX 17 19 24 Section 2: Creating and Storing New Sounds Creating New Sounds Saving New Sounds 27 29 32 36 38 40 Section 3: Using the New Performance Features Performance Edit Buttons Basic Performance Parameters Pan Controllers Micro Tuning 43 45 50 51 53 54 Section 4: Using the New Voice Features Voice Edit Buttons
Getting Started You can begin to enjoy your new DX immediately, without poring through a lot of complicated electronic theory. All you have to do is take the instrument out of it's box and proceed as follows: Making Audio Connections There are three different ways to connect the DX to sound reinforcement equipment. The one you choose will depend on your situation: 1.
Turning On the DX After you have made the audio connection of your choice, turn the DX on by pressing the Power switch located on the right side of the back panel. This is the first display you will see on the main panel: The DX's "welcome" display. After a few seconds, this “welcome” display will be replaced by the last Play Mode display selected before the DX was turned off: The DX's next initial display.
Setting the Volume Slider Since the volumes of the various voices differ, start with a setting in the middle of the slider's range; adjust later to suit your taste, depending on the voice or voices being played. Volume Slider VOLUME Setting the Pan and Poly/Mono Buttons Before you begin to play your new DX, make sure that the settings of the Pan and Poly/Mono buttons are correct for your situation: To ensure that you are listening to the voices just as they were created, make sure that this light is OFF.
Exploring The New Performance Library The Performance Mode is a completely new feature for the DX7. It allows you to play two different voices at once, and offers a number of other useful performance-oriented features. These features will be explained in detail in Sections 2 and 3 of this manual. For now, though, just follow the steps below, and explore the richness of the Performance Mode by playing through all of the new sounds available in the Internal and ROM Cartridge memories.
The Internal Performance Memories Performance Each Performance Name can consist of up to 20 characters; each Voice Name can consist of up to 10 characters. Name 1 Warm String Section 2 Mallet Brass 3 Strinq Bass-Guitar 4 Dual Clavinette 5 Rich Grand Piano 6 Stereo EletricPiano 7 Tubular Bell Wah 8 Electric Rock Organ 9 Jamaica Mallet Band 10 Mono Poly Synth 11 Dual Octave Trumpets 12 Angels 13 Acoustic PickGuitar 14 Multi Brass Ensemble 15 St.
Selecting the Cartridge Performance Memories The LCD should show this display, with the cursor blinking on the arrow next to the word BANK. If not, press button 15 until this display appears.
The Cartridge Performance Memories Performance 1 Double French Horns 2 Pipe Organ 3 Full Electric Piano 4 PickGuitar-SpitFlute 5 Rotary Electro Organ 6 SuperBass-BrightClav 7 MariBUMba 8 CS 80 Brass 9 Organ Choir 10 Church Choir 11 Celeste and Strings 12 FatBass-HeavyMetal 13 Old School Harmonium 14 Octave MultiDowns 15 Classical Strings 16 Thunder Storm 17 Unison Bass 18 Piano with BC Brass 19 Funky FingaPicka 20 -In the Laboratory21 PluckSyn-UniSynth 22 Good Licks 23 Dingle Bongs 24 StringPad-Englishorn
Exploring The New Voice Library The Voices in the new DX were created using techniques like those used on the original DX7. The new Performance Mode opens up a number of exciting possibilities—many of the Voices in the new DX were created specifically to be used in combinations of two. In addition, there are a number of new features available in Voice mode (most of them extensions of the Function mode in the original DX7).
The Internal Voice Memories These are the Voice Memories loaded into the DX when it is shipped from the factory. Since these memories can be adjusted, your DX's Internal Memory may contain different data. If so, reload the Internal Voice & Performance data from Bank 1 of the supplied ROM cartridge.
Selecting the Cartridge Voice Memories The LCD should show this display, with the cursor blinking on the arrow next to the word BANK. If not, press button 15 until this display appears. *The 1~32/33~64 light will be off, indicating that voices 1-32 are currently selectable. To select voices 33~64, press the 1~32/33~64 button. The light will go on, indicating that voices 33~64 are currently selectable.
The Cartridge Voice Memories Bank 1 of the supplied ROM cartridge contains the Voice & Performance Memory loaded into the DX's Internal Memory when it is shipped from the factory. Bank 2 contains an entirely different set of Voice & Performance data. Bank 1 1 Warm Stg A 2 MellowHorn 3 PickGuitar 4 Analog-X 5 FullTines 6 SuperBass 7 FMilters 8 Pluk 9 EbonyIvory 10 Whisper A 11 HarpStrum 12 TouchOrgan 13 Maribumba 14 Trumpet A 15 PianoBells 16 SongFlute 17 Phasers 18 Vibraphone 19 Ensemble 20 St.
The Play Modes Now that you have an idea of some of the sound combinations available on the new DX, it is time to take a closer look at how the various Play Modes operate. Read on: Voice Modes and Performance Mode As you have heard from playing through the Performance Memories, it is possible to play two different voices at the same time on the new DX. However, you do not need to be in Performance Mode to try out various combinations of voices.
Using Controllers with the DX The DX is designed to operate with many controllers, each of which can be set to perform one of a number of different effects. The settings for these controllers can be different for each Voice Memory or Performance Memory. To begin your exploration of the expanded musical possibilities available with controllers on the DX, try the examples listed below.
Foot Controllers 1 and 2 The Foot Controllers plug into the two Foot Controller plugs on the back panel of the DX. They can give you continuous control over a number of aspects of the sounds. Try using Foot Controller 1 with Cartridge Voice #47 or Cartridge Voice #52 (from Bank 2 of the ROM). Foot Controller 2 is most often used as a volume pedal, but other effects are possible. Play Internal Voice #4 or Internal Voice #6 while experimenting with Foot Controller 2.
Creating and Storing New Sounds -17-
Contents 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 22 Creating New Sounds Editing and Edit Mode Entering Performance Edit Mode Entering Voice Edit Mode Editing Performance and Voice Data Using the Cursor Buttons and the Data Entry Buttons/Slider Edit/Compare Edit Button Quick Reference Guide 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 Saving New Sounds Memory Protection Turning Memory Protect Off Performance Memory Storing Performance Data to Internal or Cartridge Memory Voice Memory Storing Voice Data to Internal or Cartridge Memory -18-
Creating New Sounds The Voices and Performance setups in the DX are stored as digital information in a computer-like memory. And, like computer memory, the memory of the DX can be altered for different uses. In other words, voices do not exist as unchangeable presets (as they do in electronic organs), but rather as streams of data. This data can be changed (edited) to create new sounds and Performance setups. To find out how this works, read on.
Entering Performance Edit Mode Entering Voice Edit Mode In both of the above procedures, you enter the Edit Mode after the Edit Button is pressed in step #2. At that time, you can push any or all of the buttons indicated (in step #3) as many times as necessary to make the desired edits. It is possible - even easy - to edit Voice data in the Performance Edit Mode (or Performance data in the Voice Edit Mode).
Editing Performance and Voice Data After entering one of the Edit Modes, use the number buttons to access the parameter whose value you wish to change. Each number button calls up a variety of parameters, often through the use of multiple LCD screen displays. A complete set of these screen displays will be given at the beginning of Section 3 (for Performance Edit Mode) and Section 4 (for Voice Edit Mode). In most cases, each LCD display gives you access to a number of parameters.
Edit Button Quick Reference Guide Voice parameters are discussed in more detail in Section 4. Voice Edit parameters are discussed in more detail in Section 4.
Performance parameters are discussed in more detail in Section 3. Utility parameters are discussed in more detail in Section 5. MIDI parameters are discussed in more detail in Section 6.
Saving New Sounds Once you have altered a particular Voice or Performance memory to your liking, you will want to save your new data in one of the DX's memory locations. Single Voice memories and single Performance setups can be saved either to the Internal Memory or to a RAM Cartridge Memory. To do so, proceed as follows: Memory Protection Each time the DX is turned on, it automatically powers up with both the Internal and the Cartridge Memory Protect feature turned on.
Storing Performance Data to Internal or Cartridge Memory Voice Memory Do not try to edit Voice data while in Performance Edit Mode. If you do, you will hear and see the Voice edits, but they will not be stored as part of memory when you store the Performance Data.
Using the New Performance Features -27-
Contents 29 29 30 31 31 Performance Edit Buttons Button 27 LCD Displays Button 28 LCD Displays Button 29 LCD Displays Button 30 LCD Displays 32 32 32 32 33 33 34 35 Basic Performance Parameters Total Volume Balance Dual Detune Split Point Note Shift EG Forced Damp Performance Name 36 36 36 37 Pan Basic Pan Function Pan Modes Pan EG 38 38 38 39 39 Controllers Sustain Footswitch (FS 1) Footswitch 2 (FS 2) Continuous Sliders FM Parameters Assignable to CS1 and CS2 40 40 40 40 Micro Tuning Selecting a
Performance Edit Buttons All of the Performance Mode parameters are adjusted via the LCD displays called up using buttons 27 ~ 30. All of the these buttons call up multiple LCD displays. The charts below show all of the displays called up by each button, and provide a complete list of parameters and value ranges. In some cases, the first LCD display in a chart may not he the first one you see.
Button 28 LCD Displays >Voice mode Voice Mode (single, dual, split) >Total volume Total Volume (0-99) >Voice mode Voice Mode (single, dual, split) >Total volume Total Volume (0-99) >Balance Balance (-50 to +50) >Dual detune Dual Detune (0-7) >Voice mode Voice Mode (single, dual, split) >Total volume Total Volume (0-99) >Balance Balance (-50 to +50) >Split point Split Point (C-2 to G8 by halt steps) -30-
Button 29 LCD Displays Button 30 LCD Displays -31-
Basic Performance Parameters Accessed using buttons 28 and 29, these parameters determine the basic voice relationships in Performance Mode. Total Volume This parameter allows you to set an overall volume for each Performance memory. If you desire, you can use this setting to balance the levels of your Performance memories, so that constant Volume Slider or mixer adjustments are not necessary.
Split Point In Performance Mode, the Split Point is adjustable, and is memorized as part of the Performance Memory. The Split Point can be selected using the Data Entry Slider/Buttons or the keyboard: The first note played on the keyboard after accessing the Split Point parameter will be entered as the Split Point in the LCD display. The Split Point is adjustable in Performance Mode. Note Shift This parameter allows you to adjust the transposition of each voice in Dual and Split Modes.
EG Forced Damp Even though the DX is a 16-voice synthesizer, these voices can be used up quickly when you are in Dual Mode (or when you use a Sustain Footswitch pedal). When you do exceed the DX's note capacity, the first notes played will stop sounding to make way for the new notes being played.
Performance Name You can enter a Performance Name of up to 20 characters. To do so, follow the instructions below. Since you have a total of twenty characters to define your Performance Memory, make sure that your Performance Name conveys the basic approach of the specific Performance Memory immediately. Using the left and right cursor buttons while holding the Edit/Character button lets you to place the cursor over a specific character position. This allows you to easily edit any character within a name.
Pan The Pan features represent an entirely new class of Performance controls for the DX. Accessed using button 30, these parameters provide control over the stereo image of the instrument's output. Basic Pan Functions In order for Pan effects to operate, you must connect both of the audio outputs on the DX's back panel. In addition, the light over the Pan button must be lit — if it is not, the Pan function is turned off. Pan can be turned on and off only in one of the Play Modes.
If Key Number is selected, the Pan/Level effect will be controlled by the right/left position of keys played on the keyboard. If you are operating in Pan Mode 0, Key Number controls the position of the audio output in the stereo mix: Notes played to the left of C3 will position the sound more in output jack A, while notes played to the right of C3 will position the sound more in output jack B.
Controllers The DX features a greatly expanded set of controller options. The settings for Footswitches 1 and 2 and Continuous Sliders 1 and 2 are adjusted in Performance Edit Mode, using button 27. (The other controller settings are accessed in Voice Edit Mode.) Sustain Footswitch (FS 1) Footswitch 1 is set to operate as a Sustain pedal. In Dual and Split Modes, FS 1 can be selected to affect Voice A, Voice B, or both.
Continuous Sliders The two Continuous Sliders give you access to real-time control of FM Voice parameters. There are a total of 105 different possibilities: FM Parameters Assignable to CS 1 and CS2 DATA ENTRY slider The Continuous Sliders provide a new avenue for exploration of real-time timbral control. OP 6 Total level OP6 OP1 OP 6 AMP. MOD. SENS OP1 OP 6 OSC.
Micro Tuning Micro Tuning is another new feature for the DX. It offers the possibility of performing music using tuning and intonation systems other than Equal Temperament (which is the current standard tuning for both pianos and synthesizers). Micro Tuning data is accessed using button 29. New Micro Tunings are created in Micro Tuning Edit Mode, which is accessed using button 14 in conjunction with button 29.
Entering the Micro Tuning Edit Mode Editing Micro Tuning Data Storing Micro Tuning Data -41-
Using the New Voice Features -43-
Contents 45 45 45 45 46 46 47 47 47 48 48 49 Voice Edit Buttons Button 7 LCD Display Button 8 LCD Display Button 9 LCD Display Button 10 LCD Displays Button 11 LCD Display Button 12 LCD Display Button 13 LCD Display Button 23 LCD Displays Button 24 LCD Displays Button 25 LCD Displays Button 26 LCD Displays 50 50 50 50 Basic Voice Editing Functions Operator Select Operator On/Off EG Copy 51 51 51 52 New Voice Parameters Pitch Envelope LFO Key Modes 53 53 53 53 Controllers Function Data and Voice Effe
Voice Edit Buttons All of the Voice Mode parameters are adjusted via the LCD displays called up using buttons 7 ~ 13 and 23 ~ 26. Many of the these buttons call up multiple LCD displays. The charts below show all of the displays called up by each button, and provide a complete list of parameters and value ranges. In some cases, the first LCD display in a chart may not be the first one you see.
Button 10 LCD Displays Button 11 LCD Display -46-
Button 12 LCD Display Button 13 LCD Display Button 23 LCD Displays -47-
Button 24 LCD Displays Button 25 LCD Displays -48-
Button 26 LCD Displays -49-
Basic Voice Editing Functions The new DX offers an expanded LCD display, which makes Voice editing much easier than it was with the original DX7. A number of other basic Edit operations have also been simplified, as follows: Operator Select The parameters accessed using buttons 8 ~ 11 are adjustable for each of the six operators. In Voice Edit Mode, buttons 1 ~ 6 provide a quick way to move from one operator to another.
New Voice Parameters The basic Voice of the new DX is almost exactly the same as that of the original DX7, assuring complete compatibility between the old and new instruments. To discover the additional Voice parameters of the new DX, read on. Pitch Envelope The Pitch Envelope operates as it did in the original DX7, but some new features have been added.
Key Modes The new DX offers two Unison Key Modes, which create “fatter” sounds. Since these new Modes use more than one note of the DX's sixteen-note capacity, they will affect the total number of notes available at any one time: Key Mode Polyphonic Monophonic Unison poly Unison mono Single Voice Mode Dual 16 1 4 1 8 1 2 1 Split 8 1 2 1 + + + + 8 1 2 1 In Split Mode, the actual number of voices available will depend on the settings for the two voices involved.
Controllers The new DX features an expanded set of controller options. The settings for Pitch Bend Wheel, Modulation Wheel, Aftertouch, Breath Controller, and Foot Controllers 1 and 2 are adjusted in Voice Edit Mode, using buttons 24 ~ 26. (The other controller settings are accessed in Performance Edit Mode.) Function Data and Voice Effect Data The original DX7 separated its operational parameters into two groups: Voice data and Function data.
Fractional Scaling One of the most important aspects of DX7 voicing is Level Scaling, which allows adjustment of each operator's output over the range of the keyboard. The new DX offers the possibility of even more subtle control over operator outputs, through Fractional Scaling.
Editing Fractional Scaling Data Storing Fractional Scaling Data -55-
Memory Functions -57-
Contents 59 59 60 61 Utility Buttons Button 14 LCD Displays Button 15 LCD Displays Button 16 LCD Displays 62 Memory Layout 63 63 63 63 63 63 64 64 Memory Types Voice & Performance Memory System Setup Memory Micro Tuning Memory Fractional Scaling Memory Initialized Memory Current Play/Edit Memory Compare/Recall Memory 65 65 65 66 66 Memory Storage Types Internal Memory Cartridge Memory ROM Cartridge Disk Memory (FD Only) 67 67 67 67 Basic Utility Functions Master Tune Recall Edit Initialize 68 68
Utility Buttons All of the Memory functions (and related utility functions) are adjusted via the LCD displays called up using buttons 14 ~ 16. All of the these buttons call up multiple LCD displays. The charts below show all of the displays called up by each button, and provide a complete list of parameters and value ranges. In some cases, the first LCD display in a chart may not be the first one you see.
Button 15 LCD Displays -60-
Button 16 LCD Displays -61-
Memory Layout Fractional Scaling Memory Voice Memory -62- Performance Memory System Setup Memory Micro Tuning Memory
Memory Types As you can see from the diagram on the facing page, there are many facets to the Memory layout of the new DX. To understand all of these types of memory, study the diagram and read the explanation below: Voice & Performance Memory This Memory block includes data for 64 Voice Memories and 32 Performance Memories, plus one System Setup Memory and two User-defined Micro Tunings.
Current Play/Edit Memory Whenever you call up a Voice Memory or Performance Memory in Play Mode, you are actually sending it to a special location in the DX — the current Play/Edit Memory. As the name indicates, this is also the location where Voice or Performance data is edited. In computer terminology, this memory location is often called the Edit Buffer.
Memory Storage Types In addition to having a number of distinct types of memory, the new DX offers a number of ways to store these various memories. To understand how the various memory storage possibilities interact, read on. Internal Memory The DX's Internal Memory holds a standard Voice & Performance Memory block, which consists of the following: 64 Voice Memories, 32 Performance Memories, 1 System Setup Memory, and 2 User-defined Micro Tuning Memories.
ROM Cartridge The supplied ROM cartridge contains 4 banks, which can be accessed using button 15 in Edit Mode: Contents of Supplied ROM Cartridge Voice & Performance Memory 64 Voice Memories 32 PERFORMANCE Memories 2 micro tunings 1 system setup The supplied ROM cartridge holds a number of different kinds of DX memory.
Basic Utility Functions Most of the basic Internal Memory Utility functions are accessed using button 14 in Edit Mode, as follows: Master Tune This sets the tuning of the DX relative to its internal A-440 reference. This setting is stored as part of the DX's System Setup Memory. Recall Edit These functions can be used to recall Voice, Performance, or Micro Tuning data from the DX's Compare/Recall Memory.
Cartridge Memory Functions RAM cartridges are useful storage centers for Voice & Performance data. In addition, they are the only storage source from which Fractional Scaling data and Micro Tuning data can be accessed for immediate use with DX Internal Voice & Performance data. To understand the basic Cartridge Utility functions, read on.
Formatting a RAM Cartridge -69-
Loading Voice & Performance Data from a RAM Cartridge *lf you answer NO, you are telling the DX to load the RAM Cartridge data with *System Setup data. If you answer YES, you are telling the DX to load the RAM *Cartridge without System Setup data.
Disk Memory Functions (FD Only) The FD's disk drive is capable of storing any information that resides in the DX's Internal Memory or Cartridge Memory, In order to access this data for performance, it must be loaded into the DX's Internal or Cartridge Memory — the disk drive only operates as a storage medium. Using and Handling Disks The DX7 II FD uses 3.5" micro floppy disks. These disks have a Memory Protect function that is similar to that of the RAM4 cartridge: Even though 3.
Basic Disk Drive Operations Formatting a Disk Saving Internal Memory to Disk *lt is possible to store files on top of files already loaded (which will erase the original data). Make sure to select a blank file location before moving to the Save function.
Saving Cartridge Memory to Disk Loading Internal Memory from Disk *lf you answer NO, you are telling the DX to load the Internal data with System Setup data. If you answer YES, you are telling the DX to load the Internal data without System Setup data.
Loading Cartridge Memory from Disk Disk MDR The DX7 II FD's disk drive can also be used as a MIDI Data Recorder, to record MIDI information from external instruments via the DX's MIDI ports. The DX's disk can record external MIDI data into files of up to 20K bytes. To use this MIDI record function, make the proper MIDI connections and follow the prompts in the DX's LCD display.
MIDI Functions -75-
Contents 77 77 78 MIDI Buttons Button 31 LCD Displays Button 32 LCD Displays 79 79 79 79 79 80 80 81 System Setup Channel Messages Note On/Off Program Change Transmission Local On/Off Immediate MIDI Program Change Out Control Number Other System Setup Parameters 81 81 81 81 MIDI Data Communications MIDI Device Number Receive Block MIDI Out -76-
MIDI Buttons All of the MIDI functions and parameters are adjusted via the LCD displays called up using buttons 31 ~ 32. All of the these buttons call up multiple LCD displays. The charts below show all of the displays called up by each button, and provide a complete list of parameters and value ranges. In some cases, the first LCD display in a chart may not be the first one you see. You may need to cycle through the displays (by pressing the button repeatedly) until you reach the desired LCD display.
Button 32 LCD Displays -78-
System Setup Since the use of many basic MIDI functions might depend on the contents of a specific set of Voice & Performance data, the new DX provides a special memory location, System Setup Memory, to store basic MIDI parameters and other data in conjunction with a Voice & Performance Memory block.
Immediate MIDI Program Change Out If you wish to send a quick MIDI Program Change Message to an external MIDI unit, use the following procedure: In any of the Play Modes (Single, Dual, Split, or Performance), press and hold the button of the current Play Mode (the one with the lit LED). You will see this LCD display: Now, while still holding the Play Mode button, type in the program change number you desire (1~128) using the 1 ~ 1 0 number buttons (1 through 0 character buttons).
Other System Setup Parameters In addition to all of these MIDI settings, The System Setup Memory stores the Master Tune setting (button 14) and the Cartridge Bank setting (button 15). Whenever you load Voice & Performance data from Cartridge Memory or Disk Memory to Internal Memory, you have the option of loading with or without the System Setup stored with the Voice & Performance data.
Appendix 1: Supplemental Information As mentioned at the outset, this manual has not attempted to cover all of the functions of the new DX in exhaustive detail. To do so would have required a manual of large scale and density, one in which it would have been very difficult to locate specific information needed to begin using the DX. For continuing information concerning the DX7 II FD/D, consult AfterTouch, the official publication of the Yamaha Users Group.
Appendix 2: Bibliography Many of the basic functions of the DX7 II FD/D are the same as those of the original DX7. Since there is a wealth of material available on the operation of the original DX7, this manual has focused on the new functions and features. For more information on the parameters and features that the new DX shares with the original DX7, consult the following: DX7 Owner's Manual. (Available through your local authorized Yamaha dealer).
4 Appendix 3: MIDI Implementation Chart [ Digital Programmable Algorithm Synthesizer ] Model DX7-2 MIDI Implementation Chart Basic Default Channel Changed Mode Default Messages Altered Recognized Transmitted Function ...
Blank Performance Data Chart -86-
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