P-100 OWNER’S MANUAL
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THANK YOU! ... for purchasing the Yamaha Clavinova PF Series P-100. The P-100 is a high-performance electronic piano with ten voices and a host of functions that make it an ideal instrument for professional stage and studio applications, as well as for use at home. Its features include the following: l High quality AWM sound The P-100 features a selection of ten voices and a maximum simultaneous note output of 32 polyphonic notes.
CONTENTS MIDI UTILITY MODE SETTINGS ................... 31 MIDI Utility mode ............................................... 31 PRECAUTIONS .................................................... 1 INTRODUCING THE P-100 ................................ Upper panel ......................................................... 2 2 Rear panel ............................................................ 4 SETTING UP THE P-100 ..................................... 5 MIDI merge .................................
Clavinova PF P-100 Operation Guide
Clavinova PF P-100 Operation Guide
PLAYING THE DEMO SONGS PLAYING THE P-100 DUAL MODE SPLIT MODE ADJUSTING THE KEYBOARD MIDI KEYBOARD CONTROL FUNCTIONS MIDI UTILITY MODE SETTINGS SPECIAL OPERATIONS
PRECAUTIONS The P-100 is a fine musical instrument composed of sensitive mechanisms and delicate digital circuitry. To ensure a long lifetime of reliable service, observe these precautions when installing, moving, or handling the P-100. l Location Do not use the P-100 in locations where it will be exposed to direct sunlight, extremes of temperature or humidity, or excessive dust or vibration. l Handling Avoid rough handling.
INTRODUCING THE P-100 Upper panel [POWER] switch This switch turns the P-100’s power supply on and off. When the power is turned on, the number of the voice last selected will appear in the LED display and the LED above the corresponding [VOICE/UTILITY] button will light. [VOLUME] slider This slider controls the overall volume of sound output from the speakers as well as that output via the LINE OUT jacks on the rear panel of the P-100.
[REVERB (-1)] button This button is used to change the reverb type and depth. It is also used to lower Utility mode and transpose function settings one step at a time. Dual mode. In Split mode, only the main voice is affected. A Utility mode function lets you change the pitch bend range to any value within a range of one octave. [MODULATION (+1)] button This button lets you change the modulation effect type and depth.
Rear panel SPEAKER switch This switch lets you turn off the internal speakers mounted on the upper panel. It does not affect the output from the LINE OUT jacks LINE IN jacks You can use these jacks to input line-level signals from another instrument, such as a drum machine, tone generator, or synthesizer, which you wish to play through the P-100’s built-in speakers. Use the L/MONO jack when connecting only a single line.
SETTING UP THE P-100 To prepare the P-100 for playing, follow the steps below to set it up and connect any peripheral equipment. 1. Plug in the power cord. Plug the P-100’s power cord into an AC outlet. Do not turn on, the [POWER] switch until you have finished making all of the connections below. 2. Connect the sustain pedal. To use the supplied FC4 footswitch as a sustain pedal, insert its plug in the SUSTAIN jack on the rear panel.
PLAYING THE DEMO SONGS Your P-100 is programmed with two songs that demonstrate the instrument’s capabilities. You might want to try playing these songs to set the volume level and make sure that everything is working properly after you finish setting up the P-100. To do so, follow the steps below. 1. Turn on the P-100. Move the [VOLUME] slider down to a low level, then press the [POWER] switch to turn on the P-100.
PLAYING THE P-100 Selecting a voice Once you’ve set up the P-100 and adjusted the volume level, you’re ready to start making music. The standard mode for playing the P-100 is known as Single mode. In this mode, as its name implies, the P-100 plays only a single voice. Playing the P-100 in Single mode is thus much like playing a normal acoustic piano. The biggest difference between the P-100 and an acoustic piano is the fact that the P-100 lets you choose between ten different voices. NO.
Voice polyphony As the table above shows, the P-100 produces 32 notes of polyphonic sound for seven of its voices. For convenience, we will refer to these voices as 32-note voices. The remaining three voices can produce only 16 simultaneous notes. The first voice, PIANO 1, is a stereo voice, created using stereo sampling techniques. If you wish, however, you can switch it to mono (for 32 notes output) by pressing and holding the [PIANO l] button for a few moments.
Using the reverb effect Reverb adds warmth to sounds by creating the impression of an acoustic environment. The P-100 lets you select one of three different types of reverb to apply to each voice. The ROOM setting simulates the reverberation characteristics of a normal-sized room. STAGE reproduces the reverberations you would hear during a live on-stage performance. HALL gives a sense of a room with more space between the walls.
Using the modulation effects In addition to the reverb effect, the P-100 lets you apply one of three different modulation effects to its voices. CHORUS is a modulated delay effect that adds thickness to a voice, making it sound as though more than one instrument is being played. The SYMPHONIC effect is a heavier chorus. TREMOLO applies a tremolo effect to voices by modulating their output level. Finally, an OFF setting allows you to play without modulation.
Adjusting the equalization The P-100’s equalizer works much like the three-band graphic equalizers found on many portable stereo sets. It allows you to adjust the P-100’s output in three frequency ranges, LOW, MIDDLE and HIGH. Slide the slider for each range up to increase the level of output, or down to decrease output in that range. The graph below should give you an idea how you can use the equalizer to modify the sound output by the P-100.
DUAL MODE Selecting voices in Dual mode In Dual mode, the P-100 sounds two of its voices in response to every note you play. Playing the P-100 in Dual mode is therefore like playing two keyboards at once. You could use this mode, for example, to play a melody with a piano underscored with the sound of strings. To enter Dual mode, press the [VOICE/UTILITY] button for one of the two voices you wish to play while holding down the button for the other voice.
Adjusting the voice balance The P-100’s Dual mode is a useful feature. However, you may not always want to give the two voices equal emphasis. When playing a piano voice with strings, for example, you might want the strings to be little more than a murmur in the background, adding a delicate nuance to the piano without overwhelming it. You can accomplish this by adjusting the voice balance. To change the voice balance, move the [DATA ENTRY] slider while holding down the [BALANCE] button.
Detuning the voices The voice detune setting allows you to detune two voices slightly with respect to one another when playing them in Dual mode. This is especially useful when playing two similar voices, such as two piano sounds, together in Dual mode. By detuning the voices, you can produce a richer sound that will bring out the characteristics of the dual voices. To detune two voices, move the [DATA ENTRY] slider while holding down the [DETUNE] button. You can set a detune value from 0 to 7.
SPLIT MODE Entering Split mode The P-100’s Split mode, like its Dual mode, lets you play two voices at once. In this mode. however. the two voices are played independently rather than together. You could use this mode, for example. to play the vibes with your right hand and a wood bass with your left. As in Dual mode, the two voices you play in Split mode are referred to as the main and sub voices.
Selecting voices in Split mode When you press the [SPLIT] button to enter Split mode, the voice you were playing in Single mode (or the main voice, if you were playing in Dual mode) will be assigned by default to the main keyboard area. At the same time, the voice which was last selected as the Split mode sub voice will be assigned to the sub keyboard area. Once you have entered Split mode, however, you can change the main and sub voices independently of one another.
Changing the split point By adjusting the location of the split point, you can adjust the note ranges of the main and sub keyboard areas to suit the parts you’re playing. Also, the adjustment operation also allows you to specify whether the main voice will play above or below the split point. The main keyboard area is normally above the split point. However, there may be cases when you’ll want to play the main voice below the split point.
To return the main voice to the area above the split point, the second key you press should be above rather than below the split point. The dot in the display will move back to its normal position before the number. What about the split point key? The key that you press to select the split point will always be included in the main keyboard area.
ADJUSTING THE KEYBOARD Tuning the P-100 Electronic pianos have one advantage over their acoustic counterparts: they are much easier to tune. You can fine-tune the P-100’s keyboard upward or downward within a range of about 100 cents. You can set the tuning to a value from –64 to 63. Each step raises or lowers the tuning by about 0.78 cents. The default value is 0, which corresponds to 440 Hz at A3. When you locate an appropriate tuning value, release the [TUNE] button.
Selecting a velocity curve Although the P-100’s keyboard feels like an acoustic piano keyboard, it works on quite different principles. Since the P-100 is an electronic piano, it must determine how fast a key is being pressed — that is, the velocity of a note — in order to know how hard the note was played. The P-100 can respond to your playing velocity in a number of ways, depending on your selection of a velocity curve. This feature lets you adjust the keyboard response to suit your playing style.
Using the transpose function The P-100 has a transpose function which makes transposing between keys easy. To use this function, you may want to first set the transpose amount using the procedure described on the following page. Once you have set the transpose amount to the desired value, you can turn the transpose function on and off as needed using the [TRANSPOSE] button. To turn the transpose function on, press the [TRANSPOSE] button.
Setting the transpose amount The P-100’s default main voice transpose setting is 12. This means the P-100 will transpose the notes you play up an octave after you press the [TRANSPOSE] button to activate the transpose function. To change the transpose amount, hit one of the keys between C1 and C5 on the keyboard while holding the [TRANSPOSE] button down. The key you hit should be a number of semitones above or below C3 (middle C) equal to the number of semitones you wish to transpose the notes you play.
Transposing in Dual and Split modes Transposing is a little more complex in Dual and Split modes than it is in Single mode, because the P-100 allows you to transpose the sub voice independently of the main voice. The default sub voice transpose amounts are set to 12 for Dual mode, and 0 for Split mode.
Why transpose the sub voice? This function may not seem very necessary at first glance. After all, transposing one voice up or down a few semitones while leaving the other untransposed would only complicate playing unnecessarily — unless you want to try sightreading a part written for. say, a saxophone with your right hand and a bass line with your left. However, there are in fact many interesting ways to use this feature.
MIDI KEYBOARD CONTROL FUNCTIONS What is MIDI? MIDI is an acronym for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. This is the name of an international standard which was instituted during the 1980s to provide for the communication of data between electronic musical instruments. The MIDI standard allows instruments such as synthesizers, tone generators, and drum machines — not to mention electronic pianos such as the P-100 — to communicate with each other, and to be controlled by sequencers or computers.
Terminals Before we jump into a detailed description of the P-100’s MIDI configuration, we should consider the hardware used to communicate MIDI data. MIDI devices transmit messages to each other via cables, which are connected to the devices using speciallyshaped sockets called MIDI terminals. There are three types of MIDI terminals: IN, OUT, and THRU. Not all MIDI devices have three MIDI terminals; but most, like the P-100, do.
The P-100’s MIDI configuration Now that we have gone over the basic concepts involved, you might be interested to take a look at the way the P-100 uses MIDI to produce music. We mentioned on the previous page that the P-100 consists of a MIDI keyboard connected to a multitimbral tone generator, which is capable of producing two timbres at once. In fact, the P-100’s three playing modes — Single, Dual, and Split — are nothing more than different ways of combining these MIDI hardware elements.
SPLIT MODE The situation becomes more complex in Split mode. Since the two timbres play independently rather than in unison, two MIDI channels are needed to control them. For this reason, the P-100 divides its keyboard into two areas, known as the main and sub keyboard areas. Channel voice messages from the main keyboard area are sent to the main voice and output on the transmit channel (Tch) as in Single mode.
Enabling MIDI transmission We described in the previous section how the P-100 normally transmits channel voice messages for the notes you play on the keyboard. The LED above the [MIDI] button remains lit while this function is enabled to remind you that the P-100 is transmitting. Should you wish to turn this function off for some reason, there is an easy way to do so: just press the [MIDI] button. When you press the [MIDI] button, the LED will go out, indicating that MIDI transmission has been disabled.
Using the MIDI transpose function In addition to the transpose settings for the two voices produced by its internal tone generator, the P-100 lets you assign separate transpose amounts for notes it transmits from the MIDI OUT terminal.
MIDI UTILITY MODE SETTINGS MIDI Utility mode In addition to its Single, Dual, Split, and Demo Play modes, the P-100 has a MIDI Utility mode which allows you to make a number of settings related to MIDI control functions.
Transmit and receive channels This is actually a group of three settings. In addition to the MIDI transmit and receive channels described on page 25, the P-100 lets you specify a separate channel to receive program change messages. 1. Enter MIDI Utility mode. Press the [CHANNEL] button while holding down the [MIDI] button The current transmit channel setting will appear in the display. 2. Select a setting to change. Press the [CHANNEL] button once or twice more to select the setting you wish to change.
Each of these channel settings can be set to any one of the 16 MIDI channels, or they can be turned off, in which case dashes will be displayed. The two receive channels can also be set to receive messages from all 16 MIDI channels at once, a condition which is known in MIDI parlance as “omni on”. The omni on setting is represented in the P-100’s display by the word “all”. 4. Exit MIDI Utility mode. Press the [MIDI] button to exit MIDI Utility mode.
Local control This setting allows you to disconnect the P-100’s keyboard from its internal tone generator. It is usually turned on so that the P-100 will function normally, producing music in response to the notes you play on the keyboard. When you turn the local control off, the internal tone generator will no longer respond to notes you play. However, the keyboard will still transmit messages via the MIDI OUT terminal, and the tone generator will respond to messages received at the MIDI IN terminal. 1.
MIDI merge When the MIDI merge function is turned on, any MIDI data received at the MIDI IN terminal will be echoed through the MIDI OUT terminal together with data transmitted by the P-100, allowing instruments receiving this data to be controlled by both the P-100 and other devices connected to the P-100’s MIDI IN terminal. 1. Enter MIDI Utility mode. Press the [MERGE] button while holding down the [MIDI] button. The current MIDI merge setting will appear in the display. 2. Set the desired value.
Bulk protect The bulk protect function protects the P-100’s internal settings against incoming system exclusive messages. When this function is turned on, as is normally the case, the P-100 will not accept any incoming bulk dump or parameter change messages. When it is set to bulk (“bul”), the P-100 will accept parameter change messages, but protect against bulk messages. Finally, when turned off, the P-100 will allow its memory to be overwritten by incoming bulk dumps and system exclusive messages. 1.
Pitch bend range This setting lets you specify how far the pitch of sounds produced by the P-100 will bend when you roll the [PITCH] wheel all the way in either direction. The range you set here applies only to the P-100’s internal voices. External tone generators may interpret pitch bend messages from the P-100 in a different manner, depending on their own internal settings. 1. Enter MIDI Utility mode. Press the [PB] button while holding down the [MIDI] button.
Modulation wheel The modulation wheel setting lets you turn off the vibrato produced by the [MODULATION] wheel. The setting you make here applies only to the P-100’s internal voices, however. Even when the modulation is turned off, you can still use the P-100’s [MODULATION] wheel to send modulation messages to an external tone generator, which will naturally interpret these messages according to its own internal settings.
Assignable controllers You can assign one of a number of MIDI functions to the P-100’s [CS] slider for realtime control during performances. You can use this slider to independently control the volume of the main or sub voices, to transmit aftertouch messages to tone generators capable of receiving them, or to send any of 120 different types of control change messages (with the exception of control changes 0 and 32, which are used for bank select messages).
Program change transmit table Your P-100 generally transmits a program change message each time you press a [VOICE/UTILITY] button to select a voice. The number of the program change message that is sent is displayed for a second after you press the button, before being replaced by the number of the voice you selected. When your P-100 left the Yamaha factory, it was preset so that each [VOICE/UTILITY] button will send the program change number corresponding to the number above the button.
You can also press the selected [VOICE/UTILITY] button to turn the program change transmit function on or off for that button. When you turn the function off, the program change number in the display will be replaced by a row of dashes. 4. Exit MIDI Utility mode. Press the [MIDI] button to exit MIDI Utility mode. (If you wish, you can return to step 2 to change other settings before you leave this mode.
Program change receive table The P-100 is also capable of changing its current voice selection in response to program change messages it receives from external devices. Before it left the Yamaha factory, your P-100 was set so that program change numbers 1 through 10 will select the corresponding voices: program change 1 will select PIANO 1, program change 2 will select PIANO 2, and so on. Program change numbers above 10 were set to have no effect.
4. Exit MIDI Utility mode. Press the [MIDI] button to exit MIDI Utility mode. (If you wish, you can return to step 2 to change other settings before you leave this mode.) Whenever the P-100 receives a program change message, it will check the program change receive table to determine whether a voice has been assigned to the received program change number. If so, the main voice will automatically switch to the voice indicated by the program change receive table.
SPECIAL OPERATIONS Bulk dumps The preceding chapters have shown you how much performance flexibility the P-100 has to offer. But this flexibility comes with a small drawback: to use it effectively, you have to make a large number of settings. If you’re like most musicians, you’ll find there are certain settings that work best with each song you play.
Memory initialization After you’ve been using the P-100 for a while, you may find yourself wishing that you could erase all your settings and start again with a fresh slate. After all, the P-100 lets you make enough settings that changing the majority of them can be a time-consuming process. Under such circumstances you should use the memory initialization procedure to return the P-100’s settings to their initial values, or factory settings. The procedure for initializing the P-100’s memory is very simple.
SYSTEM APPLICATIONS Using the P-100 with a tone generator You can use the P-100’s keyboard and MIDI control functions to control tone generators such as Yamaha’s TG77. To do so, connect the P-100’s MIDI OUT terminal of the P-100 to the MIDI IN terminal of the tone generator as shown below. When two instruments are linked in this manner, the controlling and controlled instruments are referred to as the master and slave devices, respectively.
Using the P-100 with another MIDI keyboard Yamaha’s SY99 synthesizer incorporates a multitimbral tone generator similar to the TG77. It can therefore be slaved to the P-100 as described above. However, it also has a MIDI keyboard with a broad range of control features and a powerful l6-track sequencer, making it an excellent master device.
Using the P-100 with an extended MIDI system Thanks to the great variety of MIDI devices now available, extended MIDI systems come in such a variety of shapes and degrees of complexity that we cannot fully cover all the possibilities here. However, we would like to give you an example of how the P-100’s MIDI merge function might be used in a fairly simple extended system consisting of the P-100, a tone generator, and a synthesizer.
Using the P-100 with a MIDI data recorder If you perform on stage and want to make the most of the P-100’s versatility, you will probably find a device with MIDI data recorder (MDR) capability to be a necessity. Such a device will let you store your P-100 setups — including voice selections, DSP effect and MIDI settings, controller assignments, and transmit and receive tables — for fast and easy recall, thus saving you the trouble of changing a host of settings between every song.
ERROR MESSAGES Whenever a problem occurs, the P-100 will display an error message to alert you to the nature of the trouble. The meanings of the error messages are described below, together with the action you should take in response to each. (The error messages themselves will be cleared from the display automatically as soon as you operate one of the controls on the P-100’s upper panel.) Backup battery low The charge of the internal backup battery is running low.
SPECIFICATIONS Keyboard: 88-key (A-1 to C7) Action Effect, velocity sensitive Tone Generator: Tone generation method: AWM Voices: PIANO 1, PIANO 2, E.PIANO 1, E.PIANO 2, CLAVINOVA TONE, VIBES, STRINGS, ORGAN, BASS 1, BASS 2 Maximum simultaneous notes: 32/16 Built-in DSP Effects: Digital reverb: Modulation: Equalizer: ROOM, STAGE, HALL CHORUS, SYMPHONIC, TREMOLO 3-band graphic equalizer Pitch control range: Tuning: Transposition: approx. –50 to +50 cents (increment approx. 0.
INDEX –1 button 3 +l button 3 K A Keyboard 3, main and sub areas 15, P-100 configruation 27-28, split point 17, MIDI system applications 46-48, tuning 19, velocity curve 20 After-touch, assignable controllers 39, messages 25 Assignable controllers 39 B Balance, assignable controllers 39, Dual mode voices 13, Split mode voices 16 Backup battery, error message 50, life 1 BALANCE button 2 Bulk, dump 44, protect 36 C Channels 25, main voice 27-28, sub voice 28 Control change, assignable controllers 39, me
Protect, bulk protect setting 36, during dumps 44, error message 50 U Upper panel 2 Utility mode 31 R Rear panel 4 Reception, bulk dumps 44, channels used 27-28, program change receive table 42-43, receive channel settings 32-33 Reverb 9 REVERB button 3 S Sequencer 47 Single mode 7, MIDI configuration 27 Slave device 46 SOFT jack 4 SOSTENUTO jack 4 SPEAKER switch 4 Speakers 3 SPLIT button 2 Split mode 15, MIDI configuration 28, selecting voices 16, transposing 23, voice balance 16 Split point 17 SUSTAIN
MIDI DATA FORMAT 1. Midi Transmission/Reception Block Diagrams 2. Channel Messages 1.1 Reception Flow Diagram 2.1 Transmission 2.1.1 Note On/Off Transmitted note range: 21 (A-1)~108 (C7) 0~127 (0 = note off) Velocity range: The transmitted note number value can be adjusted within the range from 0 (C-2) to 127 (G8) using the MIDI Tch and Tch+l transpose settings. 2.1.2 CONTROL CHANGE The P-100’s controllers transmit MIDI data as described in the table below. 2.1.
2.2.5 PROGRAM CHANGE Program change messages received on the program change receive channel select a P-100 main voice as specified by the program change receive table. If the P-100 is in Dual mode. the reception of a program change message will cause it to enter Single mode. Program change messages are received on the receive channel (Rch) only as if the program changes receive channel is off. Under this condition, program change messages 000 through 009 will select voices 1 through 10 as the main voice.
When a parameter change message indicating the voice mode parameter (VMODE, ppppppp=03) is received, the P-100 will enter the specified voice mode, Any other system setup parameter change message will simply change the indicated parameter to the specified value.
MIDI PARAMETER CHANGE TABLE (SYSTEM SETUP) $F0, $43, $1n, $2A, $00, $00, $00, N2, $00, V2, $F7 Notes) n = device number (i.e., transmit/receive table) N2 = parameter number V 2 = parameter value 3.1. MIDI PARAMETER CHANGE TABLE (PROGRAM CHANGE RECEIVE TABLE) MIDI BULK DUMP FORMAT (PROGRAM CHANGE TRANSMIT TABLE) (DUMP REQUEST) $F0, $43, $1n, $2A, $0F, $00, $00, N2, $00, V2, $F7 Notes: n = device number (ie., transmit/receive table) N 2 = parameter number V2 = parameter value Note: The indicated parameter is considered to be off when any value greater than 9 is received for V2.YAMAHA [ Electronic Piano P-100 Model P-100 MIDI Implementation Recognized Transmitted Function ] Chart Date :17-APR-1992 Version : 1.0 Remarks ... Basic Channel Default Changed 1 - 16 1 - 16 1 - 16 1 - 16 memorized Default Messages Altered 3 x ************** 1, 3 x x memorized Mode True 0 - 127 ************** 0 - 127 2 1 - 108 Velocity Note ON Note OFF o 9nH,v=l-127*1 x 9nH,v=0 *1 o x After Touch x o *2 x x o *1 o o o o o o o x M.
For details of products, please contact your nearest Yamaha or the authorized distributor listed below. Die Einzelheiten zu Produkten sind bei Ihrer unten aufgeführten Niederlassung und bei Yamaha Vertragshändlern in den jeweiligen Bestimmungsländern erhältlich. Pour plus de détails sur les produits, veuillez-vous adresser à Yamaha ou au distributeur le plus proche de vous figurant dans la liste suivante. NORTH AMERICA CANADA Yamaha Canada Music Ltd. 135 Milncr Avcnuc. Scarborough. Ontario.
