mg/L C YSI Model 85 Handheld Oxygen, Conductivity, Salinity, and Temperature System Operations Manual
CONTENTS SECTION 1 Introduction....................................................................................................................1 SECTION 2 Preparing The Meter....................................................................................................3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Unpacking.............................................................................................................................3 Warranty Card..........................................................
SECTION 11 Discussion Of Measurement Errors........................................................................27 11.1 Dissolved Oxygen Measurement Errors..........................................................................27 11.2 Conductivity Measurement Errors...................................................................................29 11.3 Dissolved Oxygen Probe Precautions..............................................................................31 SECTION 12 Troubleshooting ........
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION The YSI Model 85 Handheld Dissolved Oxygen, Conductivity, Salinity and Temperature System is a rugged, micro-processor based, digital meter with an attached YSI combination conductivity and dissolved oxygen probe. The YSI Model 85 is designed for use in field, lab, and process control applications as well as for environmental, aquaculture, and industrial uses. The Model 85 is available with cable lengths of either 10, 25, 50 or 100 feet.
Introduction YSI, Incorporated Section 1 Model 85 2
SECTION 2 PREPARING THE METER 2.1 UNPACKING When you unpack your new YSI Model 85 Handheld Dissolved Oxygen, Conductivity, Salinity and Temperature System for the first time, check the packing list to make sure you have received everything you should have. If there is anything missing or damaged, call the dealer from whom you purchased the Model 85.
Preparing the Meter Section 2 NOTE: On some models, the battery cover thumbscrew may be unscrewed by hand (a screwdriver may not be required). There is a small label inside each of the two battery-chamber sleeves. These labels illustrate the correct way to install the batteries into each sleeve of the battery-chamber. NOTE: It is very important that the batteries be installed ONLY as illustrated. The instrument will not function and may be damaged if the batteries are installed incorrectly.
Preparing the Meter Section 2 Turn the instrument on by pressing and releasing the ON/OFF button on the front of the instrument. The liquid crystal display (LCD) should come on. Allow a few seconds for the instrument to complete its diagnostic routine. Notice that the instrument will display the specific cell constant of the conductivity probe during this diagnostic routine. If the instrument does not operate, consult the section entitled Troubleshooting.
Preparing the Meter YSI, Incorporated Section 2 Model 85 6
SECTION 3 PREPARING THE PROBE The YSI Model 85 dissolved oxygen probe is shipped dry. The protective membrane cap on the probe tip must be removed and replaced with KCl solution and a new membrane cap before using the probe. Follow the instructions below to install KCl solution and the new membrane cap. 3.1 MEMBRANE CAP INSTALLATION To install a new membrane on your YSI Model 85 dissolved oxygen probe: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Unscrew and remove the probe sensor guard. Unscrew and remove the old membrane cap.
Preparing the Probe YSI, Incorporated Section 3 Model 85 8
SECTION 4 OVERVIEW OF OPERATION The following diagram is an overview of the operation of the Model 85. See the following sections for details of operation.
Overview of Operation YSI, Incorporated Section 4 Model 85 10
SECTION 5 5.1 CALIBRATION CALIBRATION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN To accurately calibrate the YSI Model 85 you will need to know the approximate altitude of the region in which you are located. 1. Ensure that the sponge inside the instrument's calibration chamber is wet. Insert the probe into the calibration chamber. 2. Turn the instrument on by pressing the ON/OFF button on the front of the instrument. Press the MODE button until dissolved oxygen is displayed in mg/L or %.
Calibration 5.2 Section 5 CALIBRATION OF CONDUCTIVITY IMPORTANT: System calibration is rarely required because of the factory calibration of the YSI Model 85. However, from time to time it is wise to check the system calibration and make adjustments when necessary. Prior to calibration of the YSI Model 85, it is important to remember the following: 1. Always use clean, properly stored, NIST traceable calibration solutions (see Accessories and Replacement Parts).
Calibration Section 5 10.00 µS 24.8 oC CAL 9. Use the UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW button to adjust the reading on the display until it matches the value of the calibration solution you are using. 10. Once the display reads the exact value of the calibration solution being used (the instrument will make the appropriate compensation for temperature variation from 25°C), press the ENTER button once. The word “SAVE” will flash across the display for a second indicating that the calibration has been accepted.
Calibration YSI, Incorporated Section 5 Model 85 14
SECTION 6 ADVANCED CONDUCTIVITY SETUP The default settings of the YSI Model 85 are appropriate for the vast majority of measurement applications. However, some measurement applications require very specific measurement criteria. For that reason, we have made the YSI Model 85 flexible to accommodate these “advanced users.
Advanced Conductivity Setup 6.2 Section 6 CHANGING THE REFERENCE TEMPERATURE Follow these steps to modify the reference temperature of the Model 85. 1. Turn the instrument on and wait for it to complete its self-test procedure. 2. Use the MODE button to advance the instrument to display conductivity. 3. Press and release both the DOWN ARROW and the MODE buttons at the same time. The CAL symbol will appear at the bottom left of the display. The large portion of the display will show 1.
SECTION 7 MAKING MEASUREMENTS 7.1 TURNING THE INSTRUMENT ON Once the batteries are installed correctly, press the ON/OFF button. The instrument will activate all segments of the display for a few seconds, which will be followed by a self-test procedure that will last for several more seconds. During this power on self-test sequence, the instrument’s microprocessor is verifying that the instrument is working properly.
Making Measurements Section 7 If the instrument is reading Specific Conductance the large numbers on the display will be followed by either a µS or an mS. Additionally the small portion of the display will show the o C flashing on and off. If the instrument is reading Conductivity (not temperature compensated) the large numbers on the display will be followed by either a µS or an mS. Additionally the small portion of the display will show the o C NOT flashing. 300.1 µS 23.
Making Measurements YSI, Incorporated Section 7 Model 85 19
Making Measurements YSI, Incorporated Section 7 Model 85 20
SECTION 8 SAVING DATA The Model 85 is equipped with non-volatile memory that is capable of storing up to 50 different sets of readings. Non-volatile means that you do not need to worry that your data will be lost due to a power failure or power interrupt. The Model 85 will also assign a site identity number to each set of readings to allow easy review of the data. This feature is useful in situations where transcribing data is difficult or not available. 8.1 SAVING DATA TO MEMORY 1.
Saving Data Section 8 6. When you have finished recalling data, press the MODE button to return to normal operation. NOTE: The Model 85 will recall data as a list. When the UP ARROW is depressed the Model 85 will display the Site ID# for the previously recorded date. For example: If you are reviewing Site ID# 5 and the UP ARROW is depressed the Model 85 will display Site ID# 4. If you are reviewing Site ID# 5 and Site ID# 5 was the last set of data stored the DOWN ARROW button will display Site ID# 1.
SECTION 9 MAINTENANCE 9.1 CLEANING AND STORAGE The single most important requirement for accurate and reproducible results in conductivity measurement is a clean cell. A dirty cell will change the conductivity of a solution by contaminating it. NOTE: ALWAYS RINSE THE CONDUCTIVITY CELL WITH CLEAN WATER AFTER EACH USE. To clean the conductivity cell: 1. Dip the cell in cleaning solution and agitate for two to three minutes.
Maintenance YSI, Incorporated Section 9 Model 85 24
SECTION 10 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION The dissolved oxygen sensor utilizes an oxygen permeable membrane that covers an electrolytic cell consisting of a gold cathode and a porous silver anode. This membrane acts as a diffusion barrier and an isolation barrier preventing fouling of the cathode surface by impurities in the environment. Upon entering the cell through the membrane, oxygen is reduced at an applied potential of -0.8 V referenced to the silver electrode.
Principles of Operation Section 10 Specific Conductance (25°C) = Conductivity 1 + TC * (T - 25) As noted above, unless the solution being measured consists of pure KCl in water, this temperature compensated value will be somewhat inaccurate, but the equation with a value of TC = 0.0191 will provide a close approximation for solutions of many common salts such as NaCl and NH4Cl and for seawater.
SECTION 11 DISCUSSION OF MEASUREMENT ERRORS 11.1 DISSOLVED OXYGEN MEASUREMENT ERRORS There are three basic types of error. Type 1 errors are related to limitations of instrument design and tolerances of instrument components. These are chiefly the meter linearity and the resistor tolerances. Type 2 errors are due to basic probe accuracy tolerances, chiefly background signal, probe linearity, and variations in membrane temperature coefficient.
Discussion of Measurement Errors Section 11 TYPE 3 ERRORS A. Altitude: A 1000-foot change in altitude is equal to an error of approximately 3% at the 10 mg/l level. B. Humidity: Errors occur if calibration is performed at less than 100% humidity. The error varies with the temperature as follows: TEMPERATURE ERROR 0oC 0.02 mg/l 10oC 0.05 mg/l 20oC 0.12 mg/l 30oC 0.27 mg/l 40oC 0.
Discussion of Measurement Errors Section 11 11.2 CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT ERRORS System accuracy for conductivity measurements is equal to the sum of the errors contributed by the environment and the various components of the measurement setup.
Discussion of Measurement Errors Section 11 solution. Errors will be most serious when low conductivity solutions are contaminated by carryover from high conductivity solutions, and can then be of an order of magnitude or more. Follow the cleaning instructions carefully before attempting low conductivity measurements with a cell of unknown history or one that has been previously used in higher value solutions.
Discussion of Measurement Errors Section 11 11.3 DISSOLVED OXYGEN PROBE PRECAUTIONS 1. Membrane life depends on usage. Membranes will last a long time if installed properly and treated with care. Erratic readings are a result of loose, wrinkled, damaged, or fouled membranes, or from large (more than 1/8" diameter) bubbles in the electrolyte reservoir. If erratic readings or evidence of membrane damage occurs, you should replace the membrane and the KCl solution.
Discussion of Measurement Errors YSI, Incorporated Section 11 Model 85 32
SECTION 12 TROUBLESHOOTING SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSE ACTION 1. Instrument will not turn on A. Low battery voltage B. Batteries installed wrong C. Meter requires service A. Replace batteries B. Check battery polarity. C. Return system for service 2. Instrument will not calibrate (Dissolved Oxygen) A. Membrane is fouled or damaged B. Probe anode is fouled or dark C. Probe cathode is tarnished D. System requires service A. Replace membrane & KCl B. Clean anode C. Clean cathode D.
Troubleshooting SYMPTOM 12. Main display reads “LErr” Section 12 POSSIBLE CAUSE 13. Main display reads “Err” (Secondary display reads “ra”) A. In temperature compensated conductivity mode, temperature exceeds the values computed using user defined temperature coefficient and/or reference temperature. B. In cell constant cal mode, temperature exceeds the values computed using user defined temperature coefficient and/or reference temperature. A. System has failed its RAM test check procedure. 14.
SECTION 13 WARRANTY AND REPAIR YSI Model 85 Handheld Meters are warranted for two years from date of purchase by the end user against defects in materials and workmanship. YSI Model 85 probes and cables are warranted for one year from date of purchase by the end user against defects in material and workmanship. Within the warranty period, YSI will repair or replace, at its sole discretion, free of charge, any product that YSI determines to be covered by this warranty.
Warranty and Repair Section 13 AUTHORIZED U.S. SERVICE CENTERS Please visit www.ysi.com or contact YSI Technical Support for the nearest authorized service center. YSI Incorporated • Technical Support • Phone: +1 937 767-7241 • 800 897-4151 • Fax: 937 767-1058 • Email: environmental@ysi.
Warranty and Repair Section 13 CLEANING INSTRUCTIONS NOTE: Before they can be serviced, equipment exposed to biological, radioactive, or toxic materials must be cleaned and disinfected. Biological contamination is presumed for any instrument, probe, or other device that has been used with body fluids or tissues, or with wastewater. Radioactive contamination is presumed for any instrument, probe or other device that has been used near any radioactive source.
Warranty and Repair Section 13 PACKING INSTRUCTIONS 1. Clean and decontaminate items to insure the safety of the handler. 2. Complete and include the Cleaning Certificate. 3. Place the product in a plastic bag to keep out dirt and packing material. 4. Use a large carton, preferably the original, and surround the product completely with packing material. 5. Insure for the replacement value of the product. Cleaning Certificate Organization Department Address City State Country Zip Phone Model No.
Warranty and Repair YSI, Incorporated Section 13 Model 85 39
SECTION 14 ACCESSORIES AND REPLACEMENT PARTS The following parts and accessories are available from YSI or any Franchise Dealer authorized by YSI.
Accessories and Replacements YSI, Incorporated Section 14 Model 85 41
APPENDIX A SPECIFICATIONS Operating Environment Medium: fresh, sea, or polluted water and most other liquid solutions. Temperature: -5 to +65 °C Depth: 0 to 10, 0 to 25, 0 to 50, or 0 to 100 feet (depending on cable length) Storage Temperature: -10 to +50 °C Material: ABS, Stainless Steel, and other materials Dimensions: Height: Thickness: Width: Weight: Display: 9.5 inches 2.2 inches 3.5 inches max. 1.7 pounds (w/ 10’ cable) 2.3”W x 1.5”L (24.13 cm) (5.6 cm) (8.89 cm) (.77 kg) (5.8cm W x 3.
Specifications YSI, Incorporated Appendix A Model 85 43
APPENDIX B - TEMPERATURE CORRECTION DATA Temperature Correction Data for Typical Solutions A. Potassium Chloride** (KCl) Concentration: 1 x 10-1 mole/liter Concentration: 1 mole/liter C mS/cm %/ C (to 25 C) 0 5 10 15 20 25 65.10 73.89 82.97 92.33 101.97 111.90 1.67 1.70 1.72 1.75 1.77 1.80 C mS/cm %/ C (to 25 C) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 37.5 40 45 50 7.13 8.22 9.34 10.48 11.65 12.86 14.10 15.38 16.04 16.70 18.05 19.43 1.78 1.80 1.83 1.85 1.88 1.90 1.93 1.96 1.98 1.99 2.02 2.
Temperature Correction Data Appendix B B. Sodium Chloride* (NaCl) Saturated solutions at all temperatures Concentration: 0.5 mole/liter C mS/cm %/ C (to 25 C) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 134.50 155.55 177.90 201.40 225.92 251.30 277.40 1.86 1.91 1.95 1.99 2.02 2.05 2.08 C mS/cm %/ C (to 25 C) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 37.5 40 45 50 25.90 29.64 33.61 37.79 42.14 46.65 51.28 56.01 58.40 60.81 65.65 70.50 1.78 1.82 1.86 1.90 1.93 1.96 1.99 2.01 2.02 2.02 2.04 2.
Temperature Correction Data Appendix B C. Lithium Chloride* (LiCl) Concentration: 1 x 10-1 mole/liter Concentration: 1 mole/liter C mS/cm %/ C (to 25 C) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 37.5 40 45 50 39.85 46.01 52.42 59.07 65.97 73.10 80.47 88.08 91.97 95.92 103.99 112.30 1.82 1.85 1.89 1.92 1.95 1.98 2.02 2.05 2.07 2.08 2.11 2.15 C mS/cm %/ C (to 25 C) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 37.5 40 45 50 5.07 5.98 6.87 7.75 8.62 9.50 10.40 11.31 11.78 12.26 13.26 14.30 1.87 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.86 1.88 1.91 1.92 1.
Temperature Correction Data Appendix B E. Ammonium Chloride* (NH4Cl) Concentration: 1 x 10-1 mole/liter Concentration: 1 mole/liter C mS/cm %/ C (to 25 C) 0 5 10 15 20 25 64.10 74.36 83.77 92.35 100.10 107.00 1.60 1.53 1.45 1.37 1.29 1.21 C mS/cm %/ C (to 25 C) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 37.5 40 45 50 6.96 7.98 9.09 10.27 11.50 12.78 14.09 15.43 16.10 16.78 18.12 19.45 1.82 1.88 1.93 1.97 2.00 2.03 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.08 2.09 2.
APPENDIX C REQUIRED NOTICE The Federal Communications Commission defines this product as a computing device and requires the following notice: This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, may cause interference to radio and television reception. There is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
Required Notice YSI, Incorporated Appendix C Model 85 49
APPENDIX D CONVERSION CHART TO CONVERT FROM TO EQUATION Feet Meters Multiply by 0.3048 Meters Feet Multiply by 3.
Conversion Chart YSI, Incorporated Appendix D Model 85 51
APPENDIX E OXYGEN SOLUBILITY TABLE Table A: Solubility of Oxygen in mg/l in Water Exposed to Water-Saturated Air at 760 mm Hg Pressure. Salinity = Measure of quantity of dissolved salts in water. Chlorinity = Measure of chloride content, by mass, of water. S(0/00) = 1.80655 x Chlorinity (0/00) Temp o C Chlorinity:0 Salinity:0 5.0 ppt 9.0 ppt 10.0 ppt 18.1 ppt 15.0 ppt 27.1 ppt 20.0 ppt 36.1 ppt 25.0 ppt 45.2 ppt 0.0 14.62 13.73 12.89 12.10 11.36 10.66 1.0 14.22 13.36 12.55 11.78 11.
Oxygen Solubility Table Appendix E Temp o C Chlorinity:0 Salinity:0 5.0 ppt 9.0 ppt 10.0 ppt 18.1 ppt 15.0 ppt 27.1 ppt 20.0 ppt 36.1 ppt 25.0 ppt 45.2 ppt 24.0 8.42 7.99 7.59 7.21 6.84 6.50 25.0 8.26 7.85 7.46 7.08 6.72 6.39 26.0 8.11 7.71 7.33 6.96 6.62 6.28 27.0 7.97 7.58 7.20 6.85 6.51 6.18 28.0 7.83 7.44 7.08 6.73 6.40 6.09 29.0 7.69 7.32 6.96 6.62 6.30 5.99 30.0 7.56 7.19 6.85 6.51 6.20 5.90 31.0 7.43 7.07 6.73 6.41 6.10 5.81 32.0 7.
APPENDIX F CALIBRATION VALUES TABLE Table A: Calibration values for various atmospheric pressures and altitudes. Note: This table is for your information only. It is not required for calibration. Pressure Inches of Hg 30.23 29.92 29.61 29.33 29.02 28.74 28.43 28.11 27.83 27.52 27.24 26.93 26.61 26.34 26.02 25.75 25.43 25.12 24.84 24.53 24.25 23.94 23.62 23.35 23.03 22.76 22.44 22.13 21.85 21.54 21.26 20.94 20.63 20.
Calibration Values Table YSI, Incorporated Appendix F Model 85 55
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