ZQ511/ZQ521 Mobile Printers User Guide P1106523-01EN
ZEBRA and the stylized Zebra head are trademarks of Zebra Technologies Corporation, registered in many jurisdictions worldwide. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. © 2020 Zebra Technologies Corporation and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement or nondisclosure agreement.
Certified by: IP 54 IP 65 MIL - STD 810 Publication Date May 7, 2020 3
Contents About This Document ........................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 8 Configurations .................................................................................................................. 8 Related Documents and Software ............................................................
Contents 4-Bay Power Station............................................................................................... 22 1-Slot Battery Charger (with US Type-A Line Cord) ............................................... 23 Use Case: Home Office/Small Business.......................................................... 23 3-Slot Battery Charger/Dual 3-Slot Battery Charger (w/ US Type-A Line Cord) .... 25 Use Case: Settlement Room............................................................................
Contents Shoulder Strap........................................................................................................ Soft Case ................................................................................................................ Exoskeleton ............................................................................................................ Preventive Maintenance................................................................................................
Contents Miscellaneous ..................................................................................................................................... 65 Serial Number and PCC Number Locations .................................................................. 65 Cables ............................................................................................................................ 66 USB Cables .................................................................................................
About This Document Introduction This guide provides information about using the ZQ511 and ZQ521 mobile printers and accessories. Configurations This guide covers the following configurations: Operating System Configuration Radios Display Memory ZQ511 LINK-OS 802.11ac/BT 4.1 Dual Color LCD 512 MB ZQ521 LINK-OS 802.11ac/BT 4.1 Dual Color LCD 512 MB Related Documents and Software The following documents provide more information about the ZQ500 Series mobile printers.
About This Document If your problem cannot be solved by Zebra Customer Support, you may need to return your equipment for servicing and will be given specific directions. Zebra is not responsible for any damages incurred during shipment if the approved shipping container is not used. Shipping the units improperly can possibly void the warranty. If you purchased your Zebra business product from a Zebra business partner, contact that business partner for support.
Printer Overview This user guide provides the information to operate the Zebra ZQ511 and ZQ521 printers. The printers use some of the latest technologies such as an 802.11ac/Bluetooth 4.1 dual radio, a smart battery with PowerPrecision+ functionality, Near Field Communication (NFC), a color LCD display and Made for iPhone (MFi). MFi printers provide Apple co-processor (MFi) support which allows an Apple device such as an iPhone or iPad to authenticate and connect over Bluetooth.
Printer Overview Unpacking and Inspection In case shipping is required, save the carton and all packing material. 1. Open box and make sure it includes the following materials: Printer, Quick Start Guide, Regulatory Guide, Safety Guide, battery, and belt clip. 2. Check all exterior surfaces of the product components for damage. 3. Open the media cover (refer to Loading Media on page 26) and inspect the media compartment for damage.
Printer Overview Technology The printers use several technologies made popular in other mobile printer product lines, as well as newer, state-of-the-art technologies. PowerPrecision+ (PP+) Battery The printers use a 2-cell Li-ion battery pack with integrated intelligence and data storage capability meeting PowerPrecision+ (PP+) functionality.
Printer Overview Product Information QR Code The QR barcode includes human readable text URL, for example www.zebra.com/ZQ511-info, which links the user to printer information and videos on topics such as buying supplies, features overview, loading media, printing a configuration report, cleaning instructions, and accessory information. Figure 1 QR Code (ZQ511 Shown) Made for iPhone (MFi) The printers support communication with Apple devices running iOS 10 or later over a standalone Bluetooth 4.
Printer Overview Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) The printers are equipped with an RFID encoder/reader, which is integrated into the printer’s printhead assembly. The printers encode (write) information on ultra-thin UHF RFID transponders that are embedded in “smart” labels, tickets, and tags. The printers encode the information; verify proper encoding; and print bar codes, graphics, and/or text on the label’s surface.
Printer Overview Printer Features Figure 2 Overview of Features (ZQ511 Shown). 10 1 2 3 4 1 4 9 5 6 7 8 1 Tear bar (Not present in Linerless. Scraper present instead.) 6 Latch release button 2 Platen roller 7 DC input 3 Black bar sensor 8 USB port 4 Media support disks 9 Gap sensor 5 Printhead 10 Media cover NOTE: Scanning the QR code with a mobile device will provide printer-specific information at www.zebra.com/ZQ511-info and www.zebra.com/ZQ521-info.
Printer Overview Figure 3 Printer Front Features 11 12 13 14 15 16 11 Power button 14 Select button 12 Control panel 15 Paper feed button 13 Belt clip opening 16 Strap post Figure 4 Printer Bottom Features 17 22 18 18 19 20 20 21 17 Battery 20 MAC address/Bluetooth ID 18 Mounting points 21 Serial labels 19 Docking contacts cover 22 QR code 16
Using the Printer Preparing the Battery for Use Installing/Removing Battery and Battery Tape Insulator IMPORTANT: Batteries are shipped in sleep mode to preserve their maximum capacity while in storage prior to initial use. The battery needs an initial charging to wake it up before using for the first time. (See Charging the Battery on page 21.) Removing the Battery 1. If a belt clip is present on the bottom of the printer, rotate it such that it provides clearance for the battery. 2.
Using the Printer 3. Rotate the battery pack forward and lift it up and out of the battery well (Figure 6). Figure 6 Removing Battery Removing the Battery Tape Insulator CAUTION: The battery can explode, leak or catch fire if improperly charged or exposed to high temperature. Do not disassemble, crush, puncture, short external contacts or dispose of in fire or water. Charge on a Zebra approved Lithium-Ion charger only. 1. Pull up on the tape insulator tab located on the bottom of the battery pack. 2.
Using the Printer Battery Safety CAUTION: Avoid accidental short circuiting of any battery. Allowing battery terminals to contact conductive material will create a short circuit which could cause burns and other injuries or could start a fire. IMPORTANT: Always refer to the Important Safety Information data sheet shipped with each printer and the Technical Bulletin shipped with each battery pack. These documents detail procedures to ensure maximum reliability and safety while using this printer.
Using the Printer Installing the Battery 1. Locate the battery compartment on the bottom of the printer (Figure 8). 2. Swivel the belt clip (if present) to access the battery compartment. Figure 8 Battery Compartment 3. Insert the battery into the printer as shown. (It is not possible to insert the pack in the incorrect orientation.) Figure 9 Battery Insertion 4. Rotate the battery into the compartment until it locks in place and is sitting flush in the printer.
Using the Printer Charging the Battery CAUTION: Do not place any charger in locations where liquids or metallic objects may be dropped into the charging bays. AC Power Adapter Figure 11 AC Power Adapter Charging AC Power Cord (varies with geographic location) AC Adapter DC Input 1. Open the protective cover on the printer to expose the DC input charger jack. 2. Connect the appropriate AC power cord for your location to the adapter and then plug the power cord into an AC receptacle. 3.
Using the Printer Vehicle Cradle The Vehicle Cradle provides a means to mount a printer in a vehicle while at the same time providing charging power to the battery. The Vehicle Cradle features USB connectivity to allow the user to connect a laptop or tablet to the cradle.
Using the Printer Figure 13 4-Bay Power Station 2 1 1-Slot Battery Charger Use Case: Home Office/Small Business The 1-Slot Battery Charger provides the user with a single, spare battery charging solution. Similar to the 3-Slot Battery Charger, the single charger charges a 2-cell battery from empty to fully charged in less than four hours and a 4-cell battery from empty to fully charged in less than six hours.
Using the Printer Charging Status Indicators Both the 3-slot and 1-slot battery chargers use an LED indicator located next to each slot to indicate the charge state in either green, red, or amber as detailed below.
Using the Printer 3-Slot Battery Charger/Dual 3-Slot Battery Charger Use Case: Settlement Room The 3-Slot Battery Charger is a charging system for use with the 2-cell lithium-ion batteries used in the printers. The 3-slot charger is capable of charging three 2-cell batteries simultaneously from empty to full in less than four hours and 4-cell batteries from empty to fully charged in less than six hours. It can either be used as a standalone charger or mounted on a 5-slot shared cradle.
Using the Printer Loading Media The printers are designed to print either continuous (receipt) media or label stock. 1. Press the media cover button on the side of the printer. The media cover opens automatically. Figure 17 Media Cover Button 2. Rotate the media cover back completely, exposing the media compartment and adjustable media supports.
Using the Printer 3. Pull the media supports apart as shown in Figure 19. When you move one support, both supports will move. 4. Insert the roll of media between the supports in the orientation shown, and let the supports secure the media in place. The media roll should be able to spin freely on the supports. Figure 19 Loading Media 5. Close the media cover until it clicks into place and the media advances.
Using the Printer Operator Controls The printers feature a control panel with buttons for the Power On/Off and Media Feed functions, as well as a display for providing information regarding printer functions. The menu displays a single row of icons used to indicate printer status. The LCD also displays acknowledged alerts and unacknowledged alerts. Acknowledged alerts have a single response option which requires the user to press the Select button, whereas unacknowledged alerts do not require a response.
Using the Printer Printer Status Icons Icon Description Icon Description Bluetooth Media WiFi Connection Cover Open WiFi Signal Strength Battery Error Battery Eliminator DC Data Power Save Mode Draft Mode When the printer is in Power Save Mode and is not in a media out condition, the Power Save icon displays. When the printer is in Power Save Mode and also in a media out condition, the blinking Media Out icon displays instead of the Power Save icon.
Using the Printer Buttons The user has the ability to use the three button interface on the printers with the following Power Up and Run Time sequences. Power Up Sequences Sequence # 1 2 Function Print configuration report Keys Hold down Feed button while pressing the Power button. Hold down Select button while pressing the Power button. Hold down the Select and Feed buttons while pressing the Power button.
Using the Printer Alerts The control panel displays various alerts to the user in the form of Acknowledged Alerts, Unacknowledged Alerts, and Error Alerts. An Acknowledged Alert displays over the printer status icons and requires user input to be cleared, i.e. press the Select button to clear such an alert.
Using the Printer Adaptive Print Performance The printers use PSPT PrintSmart Gen 2 technology which adapts to your print conditions such that print quality is not sacrificed. When the printer sees environmental conditions such as state of charge, battery health, cold temperature extremes, or high density printing, the printer will adjust print performance to preserve battery function and allow printing to continue. This may affect the speed and sound of printing but not the print quality.
Using the Printer Connecting the Printer The printer must establish communications with a host terminal which sends the data to be printed. Communications occur in four basic ways: • The printers can communicate by cable via either RS-232C or USB 2.0 protocols. Windows drivers that support printing via Serial, USB and the network are included in the Zebra Designer Driver which can be downloaded from www.zebra.com/drivers. • By means of a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) per 802.11 specifications.
Using the Printer Figure 24 Cable Communication with PC USB Communications Cable to PC LAN The small 5-pin connector on the USB cable plugs into the printer, and the connectors are keyed to ensure correct alignment. Do not try to force the cable if it does not plug in as this could damage the pins. The other end of the cable plugs into the USB port on a computer as shown in Figure 24. The printers are configured with the USB Open HCI interface allowing them to communicate with Windows based devices.
Using the Printer Zebra Android Printer Setup Utility (for Link-OS Printers) The printers can also be configured using the Zebra Android Printer Setup Utility. This utility can be downloaded from Google Play to an Android device such as a smartphone or the TC51 or TC56 mobile handheld computers. The Android mobile device can be paired with the printer via Bluetooth or a USB cable and users can quickly navigate the app to perform the following tasks.
Using the Printer Wireless Communications with Bluetooth Bluetooth is a worldwide standard for the exchange of data between two devices via radio frequencies. This form of point-to-point communication does not require access points or other infrastructure. Bluetooth radios are relatively low powered to help prevent interference with other devices running at similar radio frequencies. This limits the range of a Bluetooth device to about 10 meters (32 feet).
Using the Printer Bluetooth (BT) Security Modes Security Mode 1 If a BT device greater than or equal to 2.1 is pairing with a BT device less than or equal to 2.1, it falls back to BT 2.0 compatibility mode and behaves the same as BT 2.0. If both BT devices are greater than or equal to 2.1, Secure Simple Pairing must be used according to the BT spec. Security Mode 2 If a BT device greater than or equal to 2.1 is pairing with a BT device less than or equal to 2.0, it falls back to BT 2.
Using the Printer Bluetooth Minimum Security Modes BT Version of Master Device (>2.1) bluetooth.minimum_security_mode=1 Secure Simple Pairing Just Works/Numeric Comparison bluetooth.minimum_security_mode=2 Secure Simple Pairing Just Works/Numeric Comparison bluetooth.minimum_security_mode=3 Secure Simple Pairing Numeric Comparison bluetooth.minimum_security_mode=4 Secure Simple Pairing Numeric Comparison bluetooth.bluetooth_PIN Not Used IMPORTANT: bluetooth.
Using the Printer WLAN Overview The printers are optionally equipped with a Dual Radio that uses the industry standard 802.11ac protocols and Bluetooth 4.1. They will have the FCC ID number on the serial number label on the back of the unit. • Wireless Network Printers with the Zebra 802.11ac WLAN radio module can be identified by the text “Wireless Network Printer” on the serial number label on the back of the printer.
Using the Printer Designing Labels The following examples provide guidelines for designing labels for the printers, specifically for Gap Media, Black Bar Media and Journal Media. The illustrations for each media type define recommended tolerances, keep-out zones and safe printing zones designed to avoid any vertical registration issues during printing. Dimensions are determined based on product registration capabilities and Zebra-recommended media tolerances. Figure 27 Gap Media 1.25 mm (0.
Using the Printer Using Pre-Printed Receipt Media For alignment of pre-printed documents to Top of Form (TOF), the use of a black mark is necessary. The black bar can be placed on the back of the documents by following the recommendation below. The black bar can also be placed on the front of the document. The user must change the media.bar_location setting to "front".
Using the Printer Label Design Examples This section shows examples of labels with and without problems with the black mark located in the front of the document. Figure 31 Label Design Examples Problem Label Designs Good Label Designs ACME COLLEGE ACME COLLEGE VIOLATION PARKING PARKING VIOLATION The center path to the black bar is free of dark colors, pre-printed text, and graphics.
Using the Printer Keep-Out Areas At times, incomplete printing of text and/or graphics appear because minimum margins are not provided during label design. The recommended minimum margins, or “keep out areas” are shown in Figure 32. Figure 32 Keep Out Areas * 15 mm (0.59 in.) * * * * Receipt Paper with Black Bars Continuous Receipt Paper (without Black Bars) *Maintain a minimum “keep out area” of 1.59 mm (1/16 in.) from the two outer edges of the paper roll and from the black bars.
Using the Printer Figure 33 NFC Pairing Using Print TouchTM http://www.zebra.com/nfc NFC Use Cases Passive • Bluetooth Pairing – used to cause a tablet, smart phone or terminal to automatically pair with the printer via a Bluetooth connection, within the bounds of the security profile being used. This shall contain the BT address and serial number of the printer. • App launching – used to cause an app, developed either by Zebra or a third party to be executed on a smart phone, tablet or terminal.
Using the Printer Wearing the Printer Swivel Belt Clip The printers have a plastic swivel belt clip included as a standard feature. (It should be noted that printers with extended capacity battery do not come equipped with a belt clip.) To use: hook the clip over your belt, and ensure that the clip is securely attached to the belt. The belt clip will pivot to allow you to move freely while wearing the printer.
Using the Printer Shoulder Strap A Shoulder Strap accessory is also offered to provide another option for comfortably carrying the ZQ511 and ZQ521 printers. Similar to the Hand Strap, the shoulder strap attaches to the two strap posts on the front of the printer via rugged swivel snap hooks as shown in Figure 36. The strap is easily adjustable up to 56 inches from end to end.
Using the Printer Exoskeleton In order to provide extreme ruggedness for the printers, they come with an optional hard case, or “Exoskeleton”. This case features a clam shell design whereby the printer is placed securely inside and the Exoskeleton is clamped shut. The Exoskeleton comes with a shoulder strap for easy portability. All printer ports are inaccessible while the printer is in the hard case, but the printer control buttons can still be used (Figure 38).
Using the Printer Preventive Maintenance Extending Battery Life • Never expose the battery to direct sunlight or temperatures over 40°C (104°F) when charging. • Always use a Zebra charger designed specifically for Lithium-Ion batteries. Use of any other kind of charger may damage the battery. • Use the correct media for your printing requirements. An authorized Zebra re-seller can help you determine the optimum media for your application.
Using the Printer Area Method Interval Printhead Use a Zebra cleaning pen to swab the thin gray line on the printhead, cleaning the print elements from the center to the outside edges of the printhead. After every five rolls of media (or more often, if needed). When using linerless type media, cleaning is required after every roll of media.
Using the Printer Figure 39 Black Bar Sensor Cleaning Locations (Linered Printer) Platen Roller Tear Bar Printhead Elements Gap Sensor Tear Bar Figure 40 Cleaning Locations (Linerless Printer) Platen Roller Media Support Printer Frame Platen Holder Media Support Disk Media Support Printhead Elements 50
Troubleshooting Front Control Panel If the printer is not functioning properly, refer to the table below to determine the state of the LED indicator ring located around the Power button. LED Indicator (( )) LED State Indication Solid Green Charged Battery; Battery Eliminator in Use Blinking Green Sleep Mode Solid Amber Battery Charging Solid Red Battery Fault Printer Status Indicators The printer’s control panel displays multiple icons which indicate the status of various printer functions.
Troubleshooting Icon Status Indication 4 Bars 802.11 Signal Strength >75% 3 Bars 802.11 Signal Strength 25% 1 Bar 802.
Troubleshooting CAUTION: Always dispose of batteries properly. Refer to Battery Disposal on page 69 for more information on proper battery disposal. Media does not feed • Be sure the media cover is closed and latched. • Check the spindle holding media for any binding. • Ensure that the label sensor is not blocked. Poor or faded print • Clean the printhead. • Check the quality of media. Partial or missing print • Check the media alignment. • Clean the print head.
Troubleshooting Media or Cover Open icons flashing • Check to see if media is loaded and that the media cover is closed and securely latched. Communication error • Check the cable to computer or laptop, and if necessary, replace the cable. Label binding • Open the head release latch and media cover. • Remove and reinstall the media. Blank LCD screen • Make sure the printer is turned on. • Check to see if application is loaded or corrupted: If so, reload the program.
Troubleshooting Figure 41 ZQ521 configuration report Example XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 48A4930F44C5 Zebra Technologies ZQ521R Serial Number: XXRBJ192300731 PCC: ZQ52-BUW0300-00 Name: XXRBJ192300731 Program: OS: 7.0.0 PLD: 21 Rev. 1 PSPT: 10 Rev. 16 PMCU: Rev. 10 Firmware: V91.21.02ZP46528 Checksum: 91CB Universal Serial Bus: 2.
Troubleshooting To terminate the Communications Diagnostics Mode and return the printer to normal operations: 1. Turn the printer OFF. 2. Wait 5 seconds. 3. Turn the printer ON. Contacting Technical Support If the printer fails to print the configuration report, or you encounter problems not covered in the Troubleshooting Guide, contact Zebra Technical Support. To contact product support in your region, go to: https://www.zebra.
Specifications NOTE: Printer specifications are subject to change without notice. Printing Specifications Parameter ZQ521 ZQ511 Print Width Up to 104 mm (4.09 in.) Up to 72 mm (2.83 in.) Print Speed Up to 127 mm (5 in.)/second @ 12% max density Same 76.2 mm (3 in.)/second @ 16% max density (linerless) Printhead Burn Line to Tear Edge Distance Front Side: 4.8 mm (0.18 in.) +/- 0.5 mm (0.02 in.
Specifications Label Specifications Parameter Media Width ZQ521 ZQ511 51 mm (2.0 in.) to 35 mm (1.37 in.) to 113 mm (4.45 in.) +1 mm 80 mm (3.15 in.) +1 mm Media Length 12.5 mm (0.5) minimum Same Black Bar Sensor to Printhead Burnline Distance 15.87 mm (0.62 in.) +/- Same Media Thickness (except Tag) 2.3 to 6.5 mils Max Tag Thickness 2.3 to 5.5 mils (0.05842 to 0.1397 mm) Same Max Label Roll Outer Diameter 57 mm (2.24 in.) 51 mm (2.0 in.) Inner Core Diameters** 19 mm (0.75 in.
Specifications CPCL Font and Bar Code Specifications and Commands Item Available Options Standard Fonts 25 bit-mapped fonts; 1 scalable font (CG Trimvirate Bold Condensed*) *Contains UFST from Agfa Monotype Corporation Downloadable optional bit-mapped and scalable fonts via Net Bridge software.
Specifications ZPL Font and Bar Code Specifications and Commands Item Available Options Standard Fonts 15 bit-mapped fonts; 1 scalable font (CG Trimvirate Bold Condensed) Downloadable optional bit-mapped and scalable fonts via Net Bridge software. International Font Options Zebra offers font kits covering multiple languages including Simplified and Traditional Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Hebrew/Arabic, and others.
Specifications Communication Port USB Figure 40 USB Port Pin 5 Pin # Pin 1 Signal Name 1 VBUS 2 DM(-) 3 DP(+) 4 ID 5 GND Physical, Environmental and Electrical Specifications Parameter ZQ521 ZQ511 Weight w/ battery 1.6 lbs. (0.75 kg) 1.35 lbs. (0.61 kg) Temperature Operating: -20°C to 55°C (-4°F to 131°F) Same Storage: -30°C to 66°C (-22°F to 150.
Specifications Figure 41 ZQ511 Dimensions Height Width Length Height - 61 mm (2.40 in.) Width - 120 mm (4.7 in.) Length - 150 mm (5.9 in.) Figure 42 ZQ521 Dimensions Height Width Height - 67 mm (2.6 in.) Width - 155 mm (6.1 in.) Length - 150 mm (5.9 in.
Specifications Figure 43 Mounting Hole Dimensions ZQ511 54.0 mm (2.12 in.) ZQ521 NOTE: Use two M4 x 8.
Specifications Accessories For a complete list of printer accessories, go to www.zebra.com/manuals, search for the Mobile Printer Accessories Guide, and go to the ZQ500 Series product page for a complete list of accessories. Or scan the following QR code with a mobile device to access the guide.
Miscellaneous Serial Number and PCC Number Locations Figure 45 ZQ511 (Bottom View) Serial # Barcode PCC Barcode IMPORTANT: Due to compliance and customs restraints, an integrator may not be able to ship a printer purchased in one country to another country based on the limitations imposed by regional SKUs. The country code identified in the printer SKU determines the area of the world in which the printer can be used.
Miscellaneous Cables USB Cables Figure 46 Micro,USB-A to USB-A Connector B Connector A Pin 5 Pin 4 Pin 1 Pin 1 CONNECTOR B 5 POSITION USB MICRO TYPE A SIGNAL COLOR CONNECTOR A 4 POSITION USB TYPE A RECEPTACLE PIN 1 VBUS RED PIN 1 PIN 2 USB D- WHITE PIN 2 PIN 3 USB D+ GREEN PIN 3 PIN 5 GROUND BLACK PIN 4 66
Miscellaneous Figure 47 Micro USB-B to USB-A Plug, 1.8m/3.5m Connector B Connector A Pin 5 Pin 4 Pin 1 Pin 1 CONNECTOR B 5 POSITION USB MICRO TYPE B SIGNAL COLOR CONNECTOR A 4 POSITION USB TYPE A PLUG PIN 1 VBUS RED PIN 1 PIN 2 USB D- WHITE PIN 2 PIN 3 USB D+ GREEN PIN 3 PIN 5 GROUND BLACK PIN 4 NOTE: Visit the Zebra website at: www.zebra.com/accessories for a listing of interface cables and part numbers for all Zebra mobile printers.
Miscellaneous Media Supplies To insure maximum printer life and consistent print quality and performance for your individual application, it is recommended that only media produced by Zebra be used. Advantages include: • Consistent quality and reliability of media products. • Large range of stocked and standard formats. • In-house custom format design service. • Large production capacity which services the needs of many large and small media consumers including major retail chains world wide.
Miscellaneous Battery Disposal The EPA certified RBRC Battery Recycling Seal on the Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) battery supplied with your printer indicates Zebra Technologies Corporation is voluntarily participating in an industry program to collect and recycle these batteries at the end of their useful life, when taken out of service in the United States or Canada.
Miscellaneous Alert Messages The printers display the following alert messages to inform the user of various fault conditions that might occur. Message Text Line One Text Line Two HeadOverTemp PRINT HEAD OVERTEMP PRINTING HALTED HeadMaintenanceNeeded HEAD MAINTEN.
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