Specifications

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This option reverses the usual alphabetic sequence or reverses the most-recent-first
sequence to an oldest-first sequence.
Files that are directories are always shown in upper case characters; all other files are
always shown in lower case characters. If the usual alphabetical ordering is in effect,
subdirectories will all be grouped before any of the other files. If the files are sorted by
time stamp (date and time last modified) then subdirectories will take their places in the
list according to their creation dates. It is also possible to specify that the output not be
sorted at all (with the
/u option); in this case the output will be produced in the same order
that entries are found in the file directories themselves. (This is the order in which files are
output by the DOS
dir command.) If there is not at least one file name or directory
argument, then the contents of the current directory are output as a default request.
The options are:
You can use a dash “-” instead of a “/” for options.
/a List all entries, including hidden files and directories.
/l Output in long format. This format shows the file attributes, the date and time
the file was last modified (or created), the length of the file (in bytes) and the
file name. The attributes are shown as a group of four letters beginning at the
left margin. A letter, if present, means that the corresponding attribute is “on”.
If a letter is not present it is replaced by a hyphen (-) character. A file may
have any combination of these attributes set including all of them or none of
them. The meanings of the letters are as follows:
a--- The “archive” bit is on. This means that the file has not been backed up
by a backup utility since the file was last modified (or created).
-s-- The “system” bit is on. This means that the file has been marked as a
system file. Usually, the only files with this bit on are the DOS kernel
files io.sys and msdos.sys, located in the root directory.
--h- The “hidden” bit is on. This means that the file will not be seen by the
ls command unless the -a option is in effect.
---r The “read-only” bit is on. The file has been marked with the read-only
bit so that it cannot be inadvertently deleted or overwritten with other
data.
/u Output in the order found in the file directories (do not sort).
/r Reverse the default sort order. The default sort order is alphabetic for file
names or latest to earliest if sorted by the time stamp (date and time of the
file).
/t Sort by file's last update time, instead of by name.
/d If an argument is a directory name, list only its name and associated
information, not its contents.
/v Be “verbose” and output the search specification used and the number of files
found.
/h Output a screen of “help” information.
/c After files are displayed, shows total number of files displayed and their
combined sizes.