P-2602HWLNI Series 802.11g Wireless ADSL2+ 4-Port VoIP IAD User’s Guide Version 3.40 9/2007 Edition 2 DEFAULT LOGIN IP Address http://192.168.1.1 Administrator Name admin Administrator Password admin User Name user User Password 1234 www.zyxel.
About This User's Guide About This User's Guide Intended Audience This manual is intended for people who want to configure the ZyXEL Device using the web configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking concepts and topology. Related Documentation • Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.
Document Conventions Document Conventions Warnings and Notes These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide. 1 " Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device. Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations. Syntax Conventions • The P-2602HWLNI may be referred to as the “ZyXEL Device”, the “device”, the “system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.
Document Conventions Icons Used in Figures Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The ZyXEL Device icon is not an exact representation of your device.
Safety Warnings Safety Warnings 1 For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions. • Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool. • Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids. • Do NOT store things on the device. • Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. • Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
Safety Warnings P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide 7
Safety Warnings 8 P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide
Contents Overview Contents Overview Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 39 Introducing the ZyXEL Device ................................................................................................... 41 Introducing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................. 49 Wizards and Status ...................................................
Contents Overview Maintenance and Troubleshooting ..................................................................................... 373 System ..................................................................................................................................... 375 Call History ............................................................................................................................. 381 Logs ..............................................................................
Table of Contents Table of Contents About This User's Guide .......................................................................................................... 3 Document Conventions............................................................................................................ 4 Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................ 6 Contents Overview .......................................................
Table of Contents 2.3.1 Title Bar ...................................................................................................................... 53 2.3.2 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................ 53 2.3.3 Main Window .............................................................................................................. 59 2.3.4 Status Bar ............................................................................
Table of Contents 7.1.1 Encapsulation ........................................................................................................... 101 7.1.2 Multiplexing .............................................................................................................. 102 7.1.3 VPI and VCI ............................................................................................................. 102 7.1.4 IP Address Assignment ....................................................................
Table of Contents 9.2.5 One-Touch Intelligent Security Technology (OTIST) ................................................ 132 9.3 Wireless Performance Overview ....................................................................................... 132 9.3.1 Quality of Service (QoS) .......................................................................................... 132 9.3.2 Wireless Distribution System (WDS) ........................................................................ 132 9.
Table of Contents Chapter 11 Voice....................................................................................................................................... 169 11.1 Introduction to VoIP .......................................................................................................... 169 11.2 SIP .................................................................................................................................. 169 11.2.1 SIP Identities ..................................
Table of Contents 11.17 Incoming Call Policy Screen ......................................................................................... 200 11.18 Distinctive Ring Screen .................................................................................................. 202 11.19 SIP Prefix Screen ........................................................................................................... 204 11.20 PSTN Line .................................................................................
Table of Contents 13.3.3 Call Forwarding ...................................................................................................... 228 13.3.4 Follow Me ............................................................................................................... 228 13.3.5 Call Pickup ............................................................................................................. 229 13.4 Checking the Device’s IP Address ............................................................
Table of Contents 15.4.1 LAN to WAN Rules ................................................................................................. 248 15.4.2 Alerts ...................................................................................................................... 248 15.5 General Firewall Policy ................................................................................................... 248 15.6 Firewall Rules Summary ......................................................................
Table of Contents 18.4 Secure Gateway Address ................................................................................................ 276 18.4.1 Dynamic Secure Gateway Address ....................................................................... 277 18.5 VPN Setup Screen .......................................................................................................... 277 18.6 Keep Alive ......................................................................................................
Table of Contents 19.14 Trusted Remote Host Certificate Details ..................................................................... 319 19.15 Directory Servers ........................................................................................................... 322 19.16 Directory Server Add and Edit ...................................................................................... 323 Part VI: Advanced ................................................................................
Table of Contents 23.6 Configuring FTP ............................................................................................................. 348 23.7 SNMP .............................................................................................................................. 349 23.7.1 Supported MIBs ..................................................................................................... 350 23.7.2 SNMP Traps ........................................................................
Table of Contents 26.4 Configuring Call History Settings .................................................................................... 384 Chapter 27 Logs ...................................................................................................................................... 387 27.1 Logs Overview ................................................................................................................ 387 27.1.1 Alerts and Logs ...................................................
Table of Contents 29.9.4 TFTP Upload Command Example ......................................................................... 418 Chapter 30 Diagnostic ............................................................................................................................. 419 30.1 General Diagnostic ......................................................................................................... 419 30.2 DSL Line Diagnostic .....................................................................
Table of Contents 24 P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide
List of Figures List of Figures Figure 1 Internet Access Application ...................................................................................................... 43 Figure 2 Internet Telephony Service Provider Application ...................................................................... 44 Figure 3 Peer-to-peer Calling ................................................................................................................. 44 Figure 4 Firewall Application ............................
List of Figures Figure 39 Select a Mode ........................................................................................................................ 83 Figure 40 Wizard: Welcome ................................................................................................................... 84 Figure 41 Bandwidth Management Wizard: General Information ........................................................... 84 Figure 42 Bandwidth Management Wizard: Complete .................................
List of Figures Figure 82 Wireless LAN: QoS .............................................................................................................. 146 Figure 83 Application Priority Configuration ......................................................................................... 147 Figure 84 Wireless LAN > WDS ........................................................................................................... 149 Figure 85 Wireless LAN > WDS > Static WEP ...............................
List of Figures Figure 125 VoIP > Trunking > Call Rule ............................................................................................... 218 Figure 126 VoIP to PSTN Example ...................................................................................................... 219 Figure 127 VoIP to PSTN Example - Speed Dial Screen ..................................................................... 220 Figure 128 VoIP to PSTN Example - Outgoing Authentication ..................................
List of Figures Figure 168 Telecommuters Using Unique VPN Rules Example ........................................................... 299 Figure 169 Certificate Configuration Overview ..................................................................................... 302 Figure 170 My Certificates ................................................................................................................... 303 Figure 171 My Certificate Import ............................................................
List of Figures Figure 211 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication ................................................ 363 Figure 212 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components .......................... 364 Figure 213 Network Connections ......................................................................................................... 364 Figure 214 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard ..........................................................
List of Figures Figure 254 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties ......................................... 440 Figure 255 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties ............................................................... 440 Figure 256 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Settings .......................................................................... 441 Figure 257 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties ..........................................................
List of Figures 32 P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide
List of Tables List of Tables Table 1 Models Covered ........................................................................................................................ 41 Table 2 LEDs ......................................................................................................................................... 46 Table 3 Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar .................................................................................... 53 Table 4 Navigation Panel Summary ...........
List of Tables Table 39 Wireless: WPA(2)-PSK ......................................................................................................... 137 Table 40 Wireless: WPA(2) .................................................................................................................. 138 Table 41 Wireless LAN: Advanced ...................................................................................................... 140 Table 42 Network > Wireless LAN > OTIST .................................
List of Tables Table 82 VoIP > Trunking > General .................................................................................................... 215 Table 83 VoIP > Trunking > Peer Call .................................................................................................. 216 Table 84 VoIP > Trunking > Call Rule .................................................................................................. 218 Table 85 VoIP Trunking Call Progression .....................................
List of Tables Table 125 Trusted Remote Host Details .............................................................................................. 321 Table 126 Directory Servers ................................................................................................................ 323 Table 127 Directory Server Add and Edit ............................................................................................ 324 Table 128 Static Route .......................................................
List of Tables Table 168 ICMP Notes ......................................................................................................................... 397 Table 169 Syslog Logs ........................................................................................................................ 398 Table 170 SIP Logs ............................................................................................................................. 398 Table 171 RTP Logs ...................................
List of Tables 38 P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide
P ART I Introduction Introducing the ZyXEL Device (41) Introducing the Web Configurator (49) 39
CHAPTER 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device This chapter introduces the main applications and features of the ZyXEL Device. It also introduces the ways you can manage the ZyXEL Device. 1.1 Overview The ZyXEL Device is an Integrated Access Device (IAD) that combines an ADSL2+ router with Voice over IP (VoIP) communication capabilities to allow you to use a traditional analog or ISDN telephone to make Internet calls.
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device The P-2602HWNLI-D3A works over ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). The P-2602HWNLI-D7A works over T-ISDN (UR-2). " Only use firmware for your ZyXEL Device’s specific model. Refer to the label on the bottom of your ZyXEL Device. The web browser-based Graphical User Interface (GUI) provides easy management.See the appendix on Product Specifications for a full list of features. 1.
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device 1.4 Applications for the ZyXEL Device Here are some example uses for which the ZyXEL Device is well suited. 1.4.1 Internet Access Your device is the ideal high-speed Internet access solution. It supports the TCP/IP protocol, which the Internet uses exclusively. It is compatible with all major ADSL DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) providers.
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device Figure 2 Internet Telephony Service Provider Application 1.4.3 Make Peer-to-peer Calls You can call directly to someone’s IP address without using a SIP proxy server. Peer-to-peer calls are also called “Point to Point” or “IP-to-IP” calls. You must know the peer’s IP address in order to do this. The following figure shows a basic example of how you would make a peer-to-peer VoIP call.
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device Figure 4 Firewall Application 1.4.5 LAN to LAN Application You can use your device to connect two geographically dispersed networks over the ADSL line. A typical LAN-to-LAN application is shown as follows.
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device 1.5 LEDs Figure 6 LEDs The following table describes your device’s LEDs. Table 2 LEDs LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION POWER Green On Your device is receiving power and functioning properly. Blinking Your device is rebooting and performing a self-test. Red On Your device is not ready or there is a malfunction. None Off Your device is not turned on. Green On Your device has a successful Ethernet connection.
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device Table 2 LEDs (continued) LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION DSL Green On Your device has a DSL connection. Blinking Your device is initializing the DSL line. None Off The DSL link is down. Green On Your device has an IP connection but no traffic. Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL connection is up.
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device To activate OTIST in order to assign your wireless security settings to wireless clients, press the RESET button for five seconds and release it. The WLAN LED should flash while the device uses OTIST to send wireless settings to OTIST clients.(“W” models only) To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for ten seconds or until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it.
CHAPTER 2 Introducing the Web Configurator This chapter describes how to access and navigate the web configurator. 2.1 Web Configurator Overview The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator Figure 7 Password Screen 2.2 Login Types There are two login types; “user” and “administrator”. When you choose user access, you can make basic configuration changes only. Advanced features are not available. When you choose administrator access, all features are available. See Chapter 2 on page 57 for more information. 2.2.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator " If you do not change the password, the following screen appears every time you log in with the default password. Figure 8 Change Password Screen 4 Click Apply in the Replace Certificate screen to create a certificate using your ZyXEL Device’s MAC address that will be specific to this device. This screen displays only when you log in as an administrator.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator " For security reasons, the ZyXEL Device automatically logs you out if you do not use the web configurator for five minutes (default). If this happens, log in again. Figure 10 Wizard or Advanced Screen 2.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator • • • • A - title bar B - navigation panel C - main window D - status bar 2.3.1 Title Bar The title bar allows you to change the language and provides some icons in the upper right corner. The icons provide the following functions. Table 3 Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar ICON DESCRIPTION Help: Click this icon to open up help screens. Wizards: Click this icon to go to the configuration wizards. See Chapter 3 on page 63 for more information.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 4 Navigation Panel Summary LINK TAB FUNCTION General Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings and WLAN authentication/security settings. OTIST Use this screen to assign your wireless security settings to wireless clients. MAC Filter Use this screen to configure the ZyXEL Device to give exclusive access to specific wireless clients or exclude specific wireless clients from accessing the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 4 Navigation Panel Summary LINK TAB FUNCTION General Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall and the default action to take on network traffic going in specific directions. Rules This screen shows a summary of the firewall rules, and allows you to edit/ add a firewall rule. Threshold Use this screen to configure the thresholds for determining when to drop sessions that do not become fully established.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 4 Navigation Panel Summary LINK Remote MGMT UPnP TAB FUNCTION HTTP Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use HTTP and HTTPS to manage the ZyXEL Device. Telnet Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use Telnet to manage the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator 2.3.2.1 Available Features for User and Administrator The following table lists the features respectively available for user and administrator access. An “O” indicates that a feature is available in this mode.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 5 Available Features LINK FEATURE USER ADMINISTRATOR Fixed Line Numbers Fixed Line Numbers O O Trunking General O Peer Call O Call Rule O Security Firewall Content Filter VPN Certificates General O O Rules O Threshold O Keyword O Schedule O Trusted O Setup O Monitor O VPN Global Setting O My Certificates O Trusted CAs O Trusted Remote Hosts O Directory Servers O Static Route O Advanced Static Route Bandwidth MG
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 5 Available Features LINK Call History Tools Diagnostic FEATURE USER ADMINISTRATOR Summary O Call History O Call History Settings O Firmware O O Configuration O O Restart O O General O DSL Line O 2.3.3 Main Window The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this document. Right after you log in, the Status screen is displayed.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator 60 P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide
P ART II Wizards and Status Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard (63) VoIP Wizard (77) Bandwidth Management Wizard (83) Status Screens (87) 61
CHAPTER 3 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard This chapter provides information on the Wizard Setup screens for Internet access in the web configurator. 3.1 Introduction Use the wizard setup screens to configure your system for Internet access with the information given to you by your ISP. " See the advanced menu chapters for background information on these fields. 3.2 Internet Access Wizard Setup 1 After you enter the password to access the web configurator, select Go to Wizard setup and click Apply.
Chapter 3 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard Figure 12 Select a Mode 2 Click INTERNET/WIRELESS SETUP to configure the system for Internet access and wireless connection. Figure 13 Wizard Welcome 3 Your ZyXEL device attempts to detect your DSL connection and your connection type. 3a The following screen appears if a connection is not detected. Check your hardware connections and click Restart the Internet/Wireless Setup Wizard to return to the wizard welcome screen.
Chapter 3 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard Figure 14 Auto Detection: No DSL Connection 3b The following screen displays if a PPPoE or PPPoA connection is detected. Enter your Internet account information (username, password and/or service name) exactly as provided by your ISP. Then click Next and see Section 3.3 on page 71 for wireless connection wizard setup. Figure 15 Auto-Detection: PPPoE 3c The following screen appears if the ZyXEL device detects a connection but not the connection type.
Chapter 3 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard Figure 16 Auto Detection: Failed 3.2.1 Manual Configuration 1 If the ZyXEL Device fails to detect your DSL connection type but the physical line is connected, enter your Internet access information in the wizard screen exactly as your service provider gave it to you. Leave the defaults in any fields for which you were not given information.
Chapter 3 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard Figure 17 Internet Access Wizard Setup: ISP Parameters The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 6 Internet Access Wizard Setup: ISP Parameters LABEL DESCRIPTION Mode From the Mode drop-down list box, select Routing (default) if your ISP allows multiple computers to share an Internet account. Otherwise select Bridge. Encapsulation Select the encapsulation type your ISP uses from the Encapsulation drop-down list box.
Chapter 3 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard Figure 18 Internet Connection with PPPoE The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 7 LABEL DESCRIPTION User Name Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given. Password Enter the password associated with the user name above. Service Name Type the name of your PPPoE service here.
Chapter 3 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 8 Internet Connection with RFC 1483 LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Address This field is available if you select Routing in the Mode field. Type your ISP assigned IP address in this field. Back Click Back to go back to the previous wizard screen. Next Click Next to continue to the next wizard screen. Exit Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving your changes.
Chapter 3 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard Table 9 Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Exit Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving your changes. Figure 21 Internet Connection with PPPoA The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 10 Internet Connection with PPPoA LABEL DESCRIPTION User Name Enter the login name that your ISP gives you.
Chapter 3 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard Figure 22 Connection Test Failed-1 • If the following screen displays, check if your account is activated or click Restart the Internet/Wireless Setup Wizard to verify your Internet access settings. Figure 23 Connection Test Failed-2. 3.3 Wireless Connection Wizard Setup After you configure the Internet access information, use the following screens to set up your wireless LAN. 1 Select Yes and click Next to configure wireless settings.
Chapter 3 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard Figure 24 Connection Test Successful 2 Use this screen to activate the wireless LAN and OTIST. Click Next to continue. Figure 25 Wireless LAN Setup Wizard 1 The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 11 Wireless LAN Setup Wizard 1 72 LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select the check box to turn on the wireless LAN.
Chapter 3 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard 3 Configure your wireless settings in this screen. Click Next. Figure 26 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 12 Wireless LAN Setup Wizard 2 " LABEL DESCRIPTION Network Name(SSID) Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN. If you change this field on the ZyXEL Device, make sure all wireless stations use the same SSID in order to access the network.
Chapter 3 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard 3.3.1 Manually Assign a WPA-PSK Key Choose Manually assign a WPA-PSK key in the Wireless LAN setup screen to set up a PreShared Key. Figure 27 Manually Assign a WPA-PSK Key The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 13 Manually Assign a WPA key LABEL DESCRIPTION Pre-Shared Key Type from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters. You can set up the most secure wireless connection by configuring WPA in the wireless LAN screens.
Chapter 3 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 14 Manually Assign a WEP key LABEL DESCRIPTION Key The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the ZyXEL Device and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission. Enter any 5, 13 or 29 ASCII characters or 10, 26 or 58 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F") for a 64-bit, 128-bit or 256-bit WEP key respectively. Back Click Back to display the previous screen.
Chapter 3 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard Figure 30 Internet Access and WLAN Wizard Setup Complete 7 Launch your web browser and navigate to www.zyxel.com. Internet access is just the beginning. Refer to the rest of this guide for more detailed information on the complete range of ZyXEL Device features. If you cannot access the Internet, open the web configurator again to confirm that the Internet settings you configured in the wizard setup are correct.
CHAPTER 4 VoIP Wizard This chapter shows you how to configure and register your SIP account(s). 4.1 Introduction The ZyXEL Device has Voice over IP (VoIP) communication capabilities that allow you to use a traditional analog or ISDN telephone to make Internet calls. This section describes how you can set up your ZyXEL Device to call someone who is also using a VoIP device. You can configure the ZyXEL Device to use up to two SIP-based VoIP accounts.
Chapter 4 VoIP Wizard " " Make sure you have a successful Internet connection before you run the VoIP wizard. To test your Internet connection, you can open your web browser and go to any web page (for example, http://www.zyxel.com). You must have a SIP account before you setup the VoIP wizard. 1 After you enter the password to access the web configurator, select Go to Wizard setup and click Apply.
Chapter 4 VoIP Wizard Figure 33 Wizard: Welcome 3 Select the SIP server profile of your VoIP service provider, either SIP Profile 1 or SIP Profile 2, and click Apply. If your VoIP service provider is not in the list, select None and click Apply. Figure 34 SIP Server Profile Selection 4 Fill in the fields with the information provided by your VoIP service provider. When you are finished, click Apply. Contact your VoIP service provider if you do not have this information.
Chapter 4 VoIP Wizard Figure 35 VoIP Wizard Configuration The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 15 VoIP Wizard Configuration LABEL DESCRIPTION SIP Number Enter your SIP number in this field. Use the number or text that comes before the @ symbol in a SIP account. If your SIP account is 11223344@SIPA-Account.com, your SIP number is “11223344”. You can use up to 127 ASCII characters.
Chapter 4 VoIP Wizard Figure 36 SIP Registration Test 6 The following screen displays if SIP account registration fails. Check whether you can access the Internet. If you have a successful Internet connection, click Register Again. Or click Back and check the information you entered in SIP account settings is correct. If you do not have a successful Internet connection, see Chapter 28 on page 401 for troubleshooting.
Chapter 4 VoIP Wizard You can also use your VoIP service provider’s dialing plan to call regular phone numbers. You dial a prefix number, provided to you by your VoIP service provider, followed by a regular phone number. " 82 To find out more information about configuring your VoIP features and making non-VoIP calls see Chapter 11 on page 169.
CHAPTER 5 Bandwidth Management Wizard This chapter shows you how to configure basic bandwidth management using the wizard screens. 5.1 Introduction Bandwidth management allows you to control the amount of bandwidth going out through the ZyXEL Device’s WAN port and prioritize the distribution of the bandwidth according to service bandwidth requirements. This helps keep one service from using all of the available bandwidth and shutting out other users. 5.
Chapter 5 Bandwidth Management Wizard Figure 40 Wizard: Welcome 3 Select Active to allocate bandwidth to packets based on the packet size. Figure 41 Bandwidth Management Wizard: General Information The following fields describe the label in this screen.
Chapter 5 Bandwidth Management Wizard Figure 42 Bandwidth Management Wizard: Complete P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide 85
Chapter 5 Bandwidth Management Wizard 86 P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide
CHAPTER 6 Status Screens Use the Status screens to look at the current status of the device, system resources, interfaces (LAN and WAN), and SIP accounts. You can also register and unregister SIP accounts. The Status screen also provides detailed information from Any IP and DHCP and statistics from VoIP, bandwidth management, and traffic. 6.1 Status Screen Click Status to open this screen.
Chapter 6 Status Screens Figure 43 Status Screen Each field is described in the following table. Table 17 Status Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION Refresh Interval Enter how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen. Apply Click this to update this screen immediately. Device Information 88 Host Name This field displays the ZyXEL Device system name. It is used for identification. You can change this in the Maintenance > System > General screen’s System Name field.
Chapter 6 Status Screens Table 17 Status Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION MAC Address This is the MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address unique to your ZyXEL Device. ZyNOS Firmware Version This field displays the current version of the firmware inside the device. It also shows the date the firmware version was created. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it. DSL Firmware Version This field displays the current version of the device’s DSL modem code.
Chapter 6 Status Screens Table 17 Status Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION Current Date/ Time This field displays the current date and time in the ZyXEL Device. You can change this in Maintenance > System > Time Setting. System Mode This displays whether the ZyXEL Device is functioning as a router or a bridge. CPU Usage This field displays what percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s processing ability is currently used.
Chapter 6 Status Screens Table 17 Status Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION Registration This field displays the current registration status of the SIP account. You have to register SIP accounts with a SIP server to use VoIP. If the SIP account is already registered with the SIP server, • Click Unregister to delete the SIP account’s registration in the SIP server. This does not cancel your SIP account, but it deletes the mapping between your SIP identity and your IP address or domain name.
Chapter 6 Status Screens 6.3 WLAN Status Click Status > WLAN Status to access this screen. Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated to the ZyXEL Device. Figure 45 WLAN Status The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 19 WLAN Status LABEL DESCRIPTION # This is the index number of an associated wireless station. MAC Address This field displays the MAC (Media Access Control) address of an associated wireless station.
Chapter 6 Status Screens Figure 46 Packet Statistics The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 20 Packet Statistics LABEL DESCRIPTION System Monitor System up Time This is the elapsed time the system has been up. Current Date/Time This field displays your ZyXEL Device’s present date and time. CPU Usage This field specifies the percentage of CPU utilization. Memory Usage This field specifies the percentage of memory utilization.
Chapter 6 Status Screens Table 20 Packet Statistics (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Interface This field displays either Ethernet (LAN ports) or Wireless (WLAN port). Status For the LAN ports, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up or connected). For the WLAN port, it displays the transmission rate when WLAN is enabled or N/A when WLAN is disabled. TxPkts This field displays the number of packets transmitted on this interface.
Chapter 6 Status Screens Table 21 VoIP Statistics LABEL DESCRIPTION Registration This field displays the current registration status of the SIP account. You can change this in the Status screen. Registered - The SIP account is registered with a SIP server. Register Fail - The last time the ZyXEL Device tried to register the SIP account with the SIP server, the attempt failed. The ZyXEL Device automatically tries to register the SIP account when you turn on the ZyXEL Device or when you activate it.
Chapter 6 Status Screens Table 21 VoIP Statistics LABEL DESCRIPTION Poll Interval(s) Enter how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen, and click Set Interval. Set Interval Click this to make the ZyXEL Device update the screen based on the amount of time you specified in Poll Interval. Stop Click this to make the ZyXEL Device stop updating the screen. 6.6 LED Status Use this screen to view the current status of each of the ZyXEL Device’a ports.
Chapter 6 Status Screens Table 22 LED Status LABEL Internet Phone 1 Phone 2 STATUS DESCRIPTION Green The ZyXEL Device has a successful Internet connection. This field displays the current IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the WAN. Off The ZyXEL Device does not have a successful Internet connection. This field displays the default IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the WAN. Green This phone port has a successful SIP account registration.
Chapter 6 Status Screens 98 P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide
P ART III Network WAN Setup (101) LAN Setup (117) Wireless LAN (129) Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens (155) 99
CHAPTER 7 WAN Setup This chapter describes how to configure WAN settings. 7.1 WAN Overview A WAN (Wide Area Network) is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. 7.1.1 Encapsulation Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The ZyXEL Device supports the following methods. 7.1.1.1 ENET ENCAP The MAC Encapsulated Routing Link Protocol (ENET ENCAP) is only implemented with the IP network protocol.
Chapter 7 WAN Setup 7.1.1.3 PPPoA PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A PPPoA connection functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The ZyXEL Device encapsulates the PPP session based on RFC1483 and sends it through an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) to the Internet Service Provider’s (ISP) DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Access Multiplexer). Please refer to RFC 2364 for more information on PPPoA. Refer to RFC 1661 for more information on PPP. 7.1.1.
Chapter 7 WAN Setup 7.1.4.1 IP Assignment with PPPoA or PPPoE Encapsulation If you have a dynamic IP, then the IP Address and ENET ENCAP Gateway fields are not applicable (N/A). If you have a static IP, then you only need to fill in the IP Address field and not the ENET ENCAP Gateway field. 7.1.4.2 IP Assignment with RFC 1483 Encapsulation In this case the IP Address Assignment must be static with the same requirements for the IP Address and ENET ENCAP Gateway fields as stated above. 7.1.4.
Chapter 7 WAN Setup For example, if the normal route has a metric of "1" and the traffic-redirect route has a metric of "2" and dial-backup route has a metric of "3", then the normal route acts as the primary default route. If the normal route fails to connect to the Internet, the ZyXEL Device tries the traffic-redirect route next. In the same manner, the ZyXEL Device uses the dial-backup route if the traffic-redirect route also fails.
Chapter 7 WAN Setup 7.3.1 ATM Traffic Classes These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0 Specification. 7.3.1.1 Constant Bit Rate (CBR) Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is being sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for connections that continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth.
Chapter 7 WAN Setup 7.5 Internet Access Setup Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s WAN remote node settings. Click Network > WAN > Internet Access Setup. The screen differs by the encapsulation you select. See Section 7.1 on page 101 for more information. Figure 50 Internet Access Setup (PPPoE) The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 7 WAN Setup Table 23 Internet Access Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Multiplexing Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list. Choices are VC or LLC. Virtual Circuit ID VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) define a virtual circuit. Refer to the appendix for more information. VPI The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
Chapter 7 WAN Setup Table 23 Internet Access Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Max Idle Timeout Specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Timeout field when you select Connect on Demand. The default setting is 0, which means the Internet session will not timeout. Apply Click Apply to save the changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Advanced Setup Click this button to display the Advanced WAN Setup screen and edit more details of your WAN setup. 7.5.
Chapter 7 WAN Setup Table 24 Advanced Internet Access Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION ATM QoS ATM QoS Type Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic. Select UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate) for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as e-mail. Select VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type for applications with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Chapter 7 WAN Setup Figure 52 WAN More Connections The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 25 Advanced Internet Access Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION # This is an index number indicating the number of the corresponding connection. Active This field indicates whether the connection is active or not. Name This is the name you gave to the Internet connection.
Chapter 7 WAN Setup Figure 53 More Connections Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 26 More Connections Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION General Active Select the check box to activate or clear the check box to deactivate this node. Name Enter a unique, descriptive name of up to 20 characters for this node. You can use alphanumeric characters and the hyphen “-”, underscore “_” and @.
Chapter 7 WAN Setup Table 26 More Connections Edit (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Service Name (PPPoE only) Type the name of your PPPoE service here. Multiplexing Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list. Choices are VC or LLC. By prior agreement, a protocol is assigned a specific virtual circuit, for example, VC1 will carry IP. If you select VC, specify separate VPI and VCI numbers for each protocol.
Chapter 7 WAN Setup 7.8 More Connections Edit Advanced Click the Advanced button in the More Connections Edit screen to display the following screen. Figure 54 More Connections Edit Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 27 More Connections Edit Advanced LABEL DESCRIPTION RIP & Multicast Setup RIP Direction Select the RIP direction from None, Both, In Only and Out Only. RIP Version Select the RIP version from RIP-1, RIP-2B and RIP-2M.
Chapter 7 WAN Setup 7.9 Traffic Redirect Traffic redirect forwards traffic to a backup gateway when the ZyXEL Device cannot connect to the Internet. An example is shown in the figure below. Figure 55 Traffic Redirect Example The following network topology allows you to avoid triangle route security issues when the backup gateway is connected to the LAN. Use IP alias to configure the LAN into two or three logical networks with the ZyXEL Device itself as the gateway for each LAN network.
Chapter 7 WAN Setup Figure 57 WAN Backup Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 28 WAN Backup Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Backup Type Select the method that the ZyXEL Device uses to check the DSL connection. Select DSL Link to have the ZyXEL Device check if the connection to the DSLAM is up. Select ICMP to have the ZyXEL Device periodically ping the IP addresses configured in the Check WAN IP Address fields.
Chapter 7 WAN Setup Table 28 WAN Backup Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Traffic Redirect Traffic redirect forwards traffic to a backup gateway when the ZyXEL Device cannot connect to the Internet. Active Traffic Redirect Select this check box to have the ZyXEL Device use traffic redirect if the normal WAN connection goes down. Note: If you activate traffic redirect, you must configure at least one Check WAN IP Address.
CHAPTER 8 LAN Setup This chapter describes how to configure LAN settings. 8.1 LAN Overview A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor of a building. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses. See Section 8.4 on page 122 for information on configuring the LAN screens. 8.1.
Chapter 8 LAN Setup 8.1.2 DHCP Setup DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the ZyXEL Device as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the ZyXEL Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you turn DHCP service off, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured. 8.1.2.
Chapter 8 LAN Setup Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established.
Chapter 8 LAN Setup 8.3.2 RIP Setup RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers. The RIP Direction field controls the sending and receiving of RIP packets. When set to: • Both - the ZyXEL Device will broadcast its routing table periodically and incorporate the RIP information that it receives. • In Only - the ZyXEL Device will not send any RIP packets but will accept all RIP packets received.
Chapter 8 LAN Setup 8.3.4 Any IP Traditionally, you must set the IP addresses and the subnet masks of a computer and the ZyXEL Device to be in the same subnet to allow the computer to access the Internet (through the ZyXEL Device). In cases where your computer is required to use a static IP address in another network, you may need to manually configure the network settings of the computer every time you want to access the Internet via the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 8 LAN Setup The following lists out the steps taken, when a computer tries to access the Internet for the first time through the ZyXEL Device. 1 When a computer (which is in a different subnet) first attempts to access the Internet, it sends packets to its default gateway (which is not the ZyXEL Device) by looking at the MAC address in its ARP table. 2 When the computer cannot locate the default gateway, an ARP request is broadcast on the LAN.
Chapter 8 LAN Setup Table 29 LAN IP (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Advanced Setup Click this button to display the Advanced LAN Setup screen and edit more details of your LAN setup. 8.4.1 Configuring Advanced LAN Setup Use this screen to edit your ZyXEL Device's RIP, multicast, any IP and Windows Networking settings. Click the Advanced Setup button in the LAN IP screen. The screen appears as shown.
Chapter 8 LAN Setup Table 30 Advanced LAN Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Allow between LAN and WAN Select this check box to forward NetBIOS packets from the LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN. If your firewall is enabled with the default policy set to block WAN to LAN traffic, you also need to enable the default WAN to LAN firewall rule that forwards NetBIOS traffic. Clear this check box to block all NetBIOS packets going from the LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN.
Chapter 8 LAN Setup Table 31 DHCP Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Pool Starting Address This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool. Pool Size This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool. Remote DHCP Server If Relay is selected in the DHCP field above then enter the IP address of the actual remote DHCP server here.
Chapter 8 LAN Setup Figure 63 LAN Client List The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 32 LAN Client List LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Address Enter the IP address that you want to assign to the computer on your LAN with the MAC address that you will also specify. MAC Address Enter the MAC address of a computer on your LAN. Add Click Add to add a static DHCP entry. # This is the index number of the static IP table entry (row).
Chapter 8 LAN Setup When you use IP alias, you can also configure firewall rules to control access between the LAN's logical networks (subnets). " Make sure that the subnets of the logical networks do not overlap. The following figure shows a LAN divided into subnets A, B, and C. Figure 64 Physical Network & Partitioned Logical Networks Click Network > LAN > IP Alias to open the following screen. Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s IP alias settings.
Chapter 8 LAN Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 33 LAN IP Alias 128 LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Alias 1, 2 Select the check box to configure another LAN network for the ZyXEL Device. IP Address Enter the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in dotted decimal notation. Alternatively, click the right mouse button to copy and/or paste the IP address. IP Subnet Mask Your ZyXEL Device will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign.
CHAPTER 9 Wireless LAN This chapter discusses how to configure the wireless network settings in your ZyXEL Device. See the appendices for more detailed information about wireless networks. 9.1 Wireless Network Overview The following figure provides an example of a wireless network. Figure 66 Example of a Wireless Network The wireless network is the part in the blue circle.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency, to send and receive information. • Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP. Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. 9.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network. 9.2.4 Encryption Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN 9.2.5 One-Touch Intelligent Security Technology (OTIST) With ZyXEL’s OTIST, you set up the SSID and the encryption (WEP or WPA-PSK) on the ZyXEL Device. Then, the ZyXEL Device transfers them to the devices in the wireless networks. As a result, you do not have to set up the SSID and encryption on every device in the wireless network. The devices in the wireless network have to support OTIST, and they have to be in range of the ZyXEL Device when you activate it. See Section 9.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN 9.4 Additional Wireless Terms The following table describes wireless network terms and acronyms used in the ZyXEL Device’s Web Configurator. Table 35 Additional Wireless Terms TERM DESCRIPTION Intra-BSS Traffic This describes direct communication (not through the ZyXEL Device) between two wireless devices within a wireless network. You might disable this kind of communication to enhance security within your wireless network.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Figure 68 Wireless LAN: General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 36 Wireless LAN: General LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Wireless LAN Click the check box to activate the wireless LAN. Network Name (SSID) (Service Set IDentity) The SSID identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is associated. Wireless stations associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN " If you do not enable any wireless security on your ZyXEL Device, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. Figure 69 Wireless: No Security The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 37 Wireless No Security LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Mode Choose No Security from the drop-down list box. 9.5.2 WEP Encryption Screen Select Static WEP from the Security Mode list.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Figure 70 Wireless: Static WEP Encryption The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen. Table 38 Wireless: Static WEP Encryption LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Mode Choose Static WEP from the drop-down list box. Passphrase Enter a Passphrase (up to 32 printable characters) and click Generate. The ZyXEL Device automatically generates a WEP key. WEP Key The WEP key is used to encrypt data.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Figure 71 Wireless: WPA(2)-PSK The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen. Table 39 Wireless: WPA(2)-PSK LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Mode Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box. WPA Compatible This field is only available for WPA2-PSK. Select this if you want the ZyXEL Device to support WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK simultaneously. Pre-Shared Key The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN 9.5.4 WPA(2) Authentication Screen In order to configure and enable WPA Authentication; click the Wireless LAN link under Network to display the Wireless screen. Select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list. Figure 72 Wireless: WPA(2) The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen. Table 40 Wireless: WPA(2) LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Mode Choose WPA or WPA2 from the drop-down list box. WPA Compatible This field is only available for WPA2.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Table 40 Wireless: WPA(2) LABEL DESCRIPTION WPA Group Key Update Timer The WPA Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using WPAPSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using WPA key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-keying process is the WPA equivalent of automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis. Setting of the WPA Group Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA-PSK mode.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 41 Wireless LAN: Advanced LABEL DESCRIPTION Wireless Advanced Setup RTS/CTS Threshold Enter a value between 0 and 2432. If you select the G+ Enhanced checkbox a value of 4096 is displayed. Fragmentation Threshold It is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value between 256 and 2432. If you select the G+ Enhanced checkbox a value of 4096 is displayed.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Figure 74 Network > Wireless LAN > OTIST The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 42 Network > Wireless LAN > OTIST LABEL DESCRIPTION Setup Key Type a key (password) 8 ASCII characters long. Note: If you change the OTIST setup key in the ZyXEL Device, you must change it on the wireless devices too. Yes! Select this if you want the ZyXEL Device to automatically generate a preshared key for the wireless network.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Figure 75 Example: Wireless Client OTIST Screen To start OTIST in the device, click Start in this screen. " You must click Start in the ZyXEL Device and in the wireless device(s) within three minutes of each other. You can start OTIST in the wireless devices and the ZyXEL Device in any order. After you click Start in the ZyXEL Device, the following screen appears (in the ZyXEL Device).
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Figure 78 OTIST: In Progress on the Wireless Device These screens close when the transfer is complete. 9.6.1 Notes on OTIST 1 If you enable OTIST in a wireless device, you see this screen each time you start the utility. Click Yes to search for an OTIST-enabled AP (in other words, the ZyXEL Device). Figure 79 Start OTIST? 2 If an OTIST-enabled wireless device loses its wireless connection for more than ten seconds, it will search for an OTIST-enabled AP for up to one minute.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Figure 80 MAC Address Filter The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 43 MAC Address Filter 144 LABEL DESCRIPTION Active MAC Filter Select the check box to enable MAC address filtering. Filter Action Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN 9.8 Association List Use this screen to view details of the wireless stations that are currently associated with the ZyXEL Device. You can also block individual wireless stations from accessing the network through the ZyXEL Device. Click Network > Wireless LAN > Association List to display the screen as shown next. Figure 81 Wireless LAN: Association List The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Figure 82 Wireless LAN: QoS The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 45 Wireless LAN: QoS LABEL DESCRIPTION QoS Setup Enable WMM QoS Select the check box to enable WMM QoS on the ZyXEL Device. WMM QoS Policy Select Default to have the ZyXEL Device automatically give a service a priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Table 45 Wireless LAN: QoS LABEL DESCRIPTION Modify Click the Edit icon to open the Application Priority Configuration screen. Modify an existing application entry or create a application entry in the Application Priority Configuration screen. Click the Remove icon to delete an application entry. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. 9.9.1 Application Priority Configuration Use this screen to edit a WMM QoS application entry.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Table 46 Application Priority Configuration LABEL DESCRIPTION Service The following is a description of the applications you can prioritize with WMM QoS. Select a service from the drop-down list box. • E-Mail Electronic mail consists of messages sent through a computer network to specific groups or individuals.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Figure 84 Wireless LAN > WDS The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 47 Wireless LAN > WDS LABEL DESCRIPTION Remote Bridge MAC Address # This is the index number of the individual WDS link. Active Select this to activate the link between the ZyXEL Device and the peer device to which this entry refers. When you do not select the check box this link is down.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Figure 85 Wireless LAN > WDS > Static WEP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 48 Wireless LAN > WDS > Static WEP LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Mode Choose Static WEP from the drop-down list box. WEP Key The WEP key is used to encrypt data. All of the wireless APs (including the ZyXEL Device) must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN Figure 86 Example: WDS Link using WPA-PSK with TKIP • AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3 share the same common key “0123456789123456”. • The transmission key “22222222” of AP-1 is exactly the same as the reception key “22222222” of AP-2. • The transmission key “33333333” of AP-2 is exactly the same as the reception key “33333333” of AP-3. To access this screen, choose WPA-PSK from the Security Mode list.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 49 Wireless LAN > WDS > WPA-PSK LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Mode Choose WPA-PSK from the drop-down list box. Pre-Shared Key The Pre-Shared key (PSK) is used to encrypt data. All the wireless APs (including the ZyXEL Device) must use the same WPA Pre-Shared Key for data transmission.
Chapter 9 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 50 Wireless LAN > WDS > WPA2-PSK LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Mode Choose WPA-PSK from the drop-down list box. Pre-Shared Key The Pre-Shared key (PSK) is used to encrypt data. All the wireless APs (including the ZyXEL Device) must use the same Pre-Shared key for data transmission. Enter a Pre-Shared key that consists of 16 ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols).
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CHAPTER 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the ZyXEL Device. 10.1 NAT General Overview NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. 10.1.
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens 10.1.2 What NAT Does In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host.
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens Figure 90 NAT Application With IP Alias 10.1.5 NAT Mapping Types NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are: • One to One: In One-to-One mode, the ZyXEL Device maps one local IP address to one global IP address. • Many to One: In Many-to-One mode, the ZyXEL Device maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address.
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens The following table summarizes these types. Table 52 NAT Mapping Types TYPE IP MAPPING One-to-One ILA1ÅÆ IGA1 Many-to-One (SUA/PAT) ILA1ÅÆ IGA1 ILA2ÅÆ IGA1 … Many-to-Many Overload ILA1ÅÆ IGA1 ILA2ÅÆ IGA2 ILA3ÅÆ IGA1 ILA4ÅÆ IGA2 … Many-to-Many No Overload ILA1ÅÆ IGA1 ILA2ÅÆ IGA2 ILA3ÅÆ IGA3 … Server Server 1 IPÅÆ IGA1 Server 2 IPÅÆ IGA1 Server 3 IPÅÆ IGA1 10.
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens Figure 91 NAT General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 53 NAT General LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Network Address Translation (NAT) Select this check box to enable NAT. SUA Only Select this radio button if you have just one public WAN IP address for your ZyXEL Device. Full Feature Select this radio button if you have multiple public WAN IP addresses for your ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP. 10.4.1 Default Server IP Address In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server IP address.
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens 10.5 Configuring Port Forwarding " If you do not assign a Default Server IP address, the ZyXEL Device discards all packets received for ports that are not specified here or in the remote management setup. Click Network > NAT > Port Forwarding to open the following screen. This screen is available only when you select SUA only in the NAT > General screen. See Appendix E on page 475 for port numbers commonly used for particular services.
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens Table 54 Port Forwarding LABEL DESCRIPTION Server IP Address This is the server’s IP address. Modify Click the edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the port forwarding rule. Click the delete icon to delete an existing port forwarding rule. Note that subsequent address mapping rules move up by one when you take this action. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens 10.6 Address Mapping " The Address Mapping screen is available only when you select Full Feature in the NAT > General screen. Ordering your rules is important because the ZyXEL Device applies the rules in the order that you specify. When a rule matches the current packet, the ZyXEL Device takes the corresponding action and the remaining rules are ignored.
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens Table 56 Address Mapping Rules (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Global Start IP This is the starting Inside Global IP Address (IGA). Enter 0.0.0.0 here if you have a dynamic IP address from your ISP. You can only do this for Many-to-One and Server mapping types. Global End IP This is the ending Inside Global IP Address (IGA). This field is N/A for One-to-one, Many-to-One and Server mapping types.
Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens Figure 96 Edit Address Mapping Rule The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 57 Edit Address Mapping Rule LABEL DESCRIPTION Type Choose the port mapping type from one of the following. One-to-One: One-to-One mode maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Note that port numbers do not change for One-to-one NAT mapping type. Many-to-One: Many-to-One mode maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address.
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P ART IV VoIP Voice (169) VoIP Trunking (211) Phone Usage (227) 167
CHAPTER 11 Voice This chapter provides background information on VoIP and SIP and explains how to configure your device’s voice settings. 11.1 Introduction to VoIP VoIP is the sending of voice signals over Internet Protocol. This allows you to make phone calls and send faxes over the Internet at a fraction of the cost of using the traditional circuitswitched telephone network. You can also use servers to run telephone service applications like PBX services and voice mail.
Chapter 11 Voice 11.2.1.2 SIP Service Domain The SIP service domain of the VoIP service provider is the domain name in a SIP URI. For example, if the SIP address is 1122334455@VoIP-provider.com, then “VoIP-provider.com” is the SIP service domain. 11.2.2 SIP Servers SIP is a client-server protocol. A SIP client is an application program or device that sends SIP requests. A SIP server responds to the SIP requests. When you use SIP to make a VoIP call, it originates at a client and terminates at a server.
Chapter 11 Voice Figure 98 SIP Proxy Server 11.2.2.3 SIP Redirect Server A SIP redirect server accepts SIP requests, translates the destination address to an IP address and sends the translated IP address back to the device that sent the request. Then the client device that originally sent the request can send requests to the IP address that it received back from the redirect server. Redirect servers do not initiate SIP requests.
Chapter 11 Voice Figure 99 SIP Redirect Server 11.2.2.4 SIP Register Server A SIP register server maintains a database of SIP identity-to-IP address (or domain name) mapping. The register server checks your user name and password when you register. 11.2.2.5 SIP Registration Each ZyXEL Device is an individual SIP User Agent (UA). To provide voice service, it has a public IP address for SIP and RTP protocols to communicate with other servers.
Chapter 11 Voice 11.2.3 RTP When you make a VoIP call using SIP, the RTP (Real time Transport Protocol) is used to handle voice data transfer. See RFC 1889 for details on RTP. 11.2.4 Pulse Code Modulation Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) measures analog signal amplitudes at regular time intervals and converts them into bits. 11.2.5 SIP Call Progression The following figure displays the basic steps in the setup and tear down of a SIP call. A calls B. Table 58 SIP Call Progression A B 1. INVITE 2. Ringing 3.
Chapter 11 Voice The following figure shows the SIP and session traffic flow between the user agents (UA 1 and UA 2) and the proxy servers (this example shows two proxy servers, PROXY 1 and PROXY 2). Figure 100 SIP Call Through Proxy Servers PROXY 1 PROXY 2 SIP SIP SIP SIP & RTP UA 1 UA 2 The following table shows the SIP call progression.
Chapter 11 Voice 5 User Agent 2 sends an OK response to Proxy 2 after the call is answered. This is also relayed back to User Agent 1 via Proxy 1. 6 User Agent 1 and User Agent 2 exchange RTP packets containing voice data directly, without involving the proxies. 7 When User Agent 2 hangs up, he sends a BYE request. 8 User Agent 1 replies with an OK response confirming receipt of the BYE request, and the call is terminated. 11.2.
Chapter 11 Voice 11.2.10 Custom Tones (IVR) IVR (Interactive Voice Response) is a feature that allows you to use your telephone to interact with the ZyXEL Device. The ZyXEL Device allows you to record custom tones for the Caller Ringing Tone and On Hold Tone functions. The same recordings apply to both the caller ringing and on hold tones.
Chapter 11 Voice 11.3.1 Type Of Service (ToS) Network traffic can be classified by setting the ToS (Type Of Service) values at the data source (for example, at the ZyXEL Device) so a server can decide the best method of delivery, that is the least cost, fastest route and so on. 11.3.2 DiffServ DiffServ is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive specific perhop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow.
Chapter 11 Voice 11.4 SIP Settings Screen The ZyXEL Device uses a SIP account to make outgoing VoIP calls and check if an incoming call’s destination number matches your SIP account’s SIP number. In order to make or receive a VoIP call, you need to enable and configure a SIP account, and map it to a phone port. The SIP account contains information that allows your ZyXEL Device to connect to your VoIP service provider.
Chapter 11 Voice Table 61 SIP > SIP Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION Active SIP Account Select this if you want the ZyXEL Device to use this account. Clear it if you do not want the ZyXEL Device to use this account. Number Enter your SIP number. In the full SIP URI, this is the part before the @ symbol. You can use up to 127 printable ASCII characters. SIP Local Port Enter the ZyXEL Device’s listening port number, if your VoIP service provider gave you one. Otherwise, keep the default value.
Chapter 11 Voice Figure 103 VoIP > SIP Settings > Advanced Each field is described in the following table. Table 62 VoIP > SIP Settings > Advanced LABEL DESCRIPTION SIP Account This field displays the SIP account you see in this screen.
Chapter 11 Voice Table 62 VoIP > SIP Settings > Advanced LABEL DESCRIPTION URL Type Select whether or not to include the SIP service domain name when the ZyXEL Device sends the SIP number. SIP - include the SIP service domain name. TEL - do not include the SIP service domain name. Expiration Duration Enter the number of seconds your SIP account is registered with the SIP register server before it is deleted.
Chapter 11 Voice Table 62 VoIP > SIP Settings > Advanced LABEL DESCRIPTION Enable Select this if your VoIP service provider has a SIP outbound server to handle voice calls. This allows the ZyXEL Device to work with any type of NAT router and eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG. Turn off any SIP ALG on a NAT router in front of the ZyXEL Device to keep it from retranslating the IP address (since this is already handled by the outbound proxy server).
Chapter 11 Voice Figure 104 SIP > QoS Each field is described in the following table. Table 63 SIP > QoS LABEL DESCRIPTION SIP TOS Priority Setting Enter the priority for SIP voice transmissions. The ZyXEL Device creates Type of Service priority tags with this priority to voice traffic that it transmits. RTP TOS Priority Setting Enter the priority for RTP voice transmissions. The ZyXEL Device creates Type of Service priority tags with this priority to RTP traffic that it transmits.
Chapter 11 Voice You can also use the PSTN Line screen to specify phone numbers that should always use the regular phone service (without having to dial a prefix number). Do this for emergency numbers (like those for contacting police, fire or emergency medical services). 11.7.2 ISDN Line With an ISDN line you can make and receive regular ISDN phone calls. Use a prefix number to make a regular call.
Chapter 11 Voice • Internet phone calls (Voice over IP or VoIP). These calls are made and received using the Internet connection on your ZyXEL Device. You need to configure a SIP account (see Section 11.4 on page 178) before making Internet phone calls. • Analog phone calls. These calls are made and received using a PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) line connected to the PSTN/ISDN port on the ZyXEL Device. • ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) phone calls.
Chapter 11 Voice Figure 105 Phone > Analog Phone Each field is described in the following table. Table 64 Phone > Analog Phone LABEL DESCRIPTION Phone Port Settings Select the PHONE port you want to see in this screen. If you change this field, the screen automatically refreshes. Outgoing Call Use Use this section to configure the type of calls you can make from a phone connected to this PHONE port.
Chapter 11 Voice Table 64 Phone > Analog Phone LABEL DESCRIPTION SIP1 ~ SIP10 You must configure a SIP account in the VoIP > SIP screen before you can receive VoIP phone calls. Select which SIP accounts you want to receive phone calls from on this phone port. If you select more than one source for incoming calls, there is no way to distinguish between them when you receive phone calls.
Chapter 11 Voice Figure 106 Phone > Analog Phone > Advanced Each field is described in the following table. Table 65 Phone > Analog Phone > Advanced LABEL DESCRIPTION Analog Phone This field displays the number of the analog phone you are currently configuring. Voice Volume Control Speaking Volume Enter the loudness that the ZyXEL Device uses for speech that it sends to the peer device. -1 is the quietest, and 1 is the loudest.
Chapter 11 Voice Table 65 Phone > Analog Phone > Advanced LABEL DESCRIPTION Dialing Interval Select Enter the number of seconds the ZyXEL Device should wait after you stop dialing numbers before it makes the phone call. The value depends on how quickly you dial phone numbers. If you select Active Immediate Dial in VoIP > Phone > Common, you can press the pound key (#) to tell the ZyXEL Device to make the phone call immediately, regardless of this setting.
Chapter 11 Voice 11.10.2 Configuring the ISDN Phone Screen Use the ISDN Phone screen to do the following. • Configure which SIP account ISDN phones use to make VoIP calls. • Configure which SIP account ISDN phones use for incoming calls. • Configure whether ISDN phones can receive PSTN calls. Click VoIP > Phone > ISDN Phone. The following screen displays. Figure 107 Phone > ISDN Phone Each field is described in the following table.
Chapter 11 Voice 11.11 Common Phone Settings Screen Use this screen to activate and deactivate immediate dialing and set up call fallback. To access this screen, click VoIP > Phone > Common. Figure 108 Phone > Common Each field is described in the following table.
Chapter 11 Voice For the PHONE 1 and PHONE 2 ports, an extension number is composed of a group number and a sub number. If group number is not enabled, the extension number is simply the sub number. You can assign a group number to the two phone ports. When you dial a group number, all phones belonging to that group ring. The MSNs you configure are used by the ISDN phone(s) connected to the ISDN port. You must also configure your ISDN phone(s) to use these MSNs.
Chapter 11 Voice Each field is described in the following table. Table 68 VoIP > Phone > Ext. Table LABEL DESCRIPTION Enable Group Number Select this if you want to use the group number for PHONE 1 and PHONE 2 ports. Phone # This is the phone port number. Group Number Enter a group number for this phone port. The maximum length of a group number is four digits. This is only available when you select Enable Group Number. For example, you can assign the Phone 1 and Phone 2 ports the group number “5”.
Chapter 11 Voice Figure 110 VoIP > Phone > Ext. Table > Advanced Each field is described in the following table. Table 69 VoIP > Phone > Ext. Table > Advanced LABEL DESCRIPTION Forward to Number Setup The ZyXEL Device checks these rules in the order in which they appear. Unconditional Forward to Number Specify the extension number to which you want the ZyXEL Device to forward all incoming internal calls.
Chapter 11 Voice • Internal Calls (see Section 13.3 on page 227) • Call Park and Pickup • Do not Disturb " To take full advantage of the supplementary phone services available through the ZyXEL Device's phone ports, you may need to subscribe to the services from your VoIP service provider. 11.14.1 The Flash Key Flashing means to press the hook for a short period of time (a few hundred milliseconds) before releasing it.
Chapter 11 Voice If you have another call, press the flash key and then “2” to switch back and forth between caller A and B by putting either one on hold. Press the flash key and then “0” to disconnect the call presently on hold and keep the current call on line. Press the flash key and then “1” to disconnect the current call and resume the call on hold. If you hang up the phone but a caller is still on hold, there will be a remind ring. 11.14.2.
Chapter 11 Voice After pressing the flash key, if you do not issue the sub-command before the default subcommand timeout (2 seconds) expires or issue an invalid sub-command, the current operation will be aborted. Table 71 USA Flash Key Commands COMMAND SUB-COMMAND Flash Flash DESCRIPTION Put a current call on hold to place a second call. After the second call is successful, press the flash key again to have a three-way conference call. Put a current call on hold to answer an incoming call.
Chapter 11 Voice 7 If you want to separate the activated three-way conference into two individual connections again, press the flash key. This time the party B is on-line and party A is on hold. 11.15 Phone Region Screen Use this screen to maintain settings that depend on which region of the world the ZyXEL Device is in. To access this screen, click VoIP > Phone > Region. Figure 111 VoIP > Phone > Region Each field is described in the following table.
Chapter 11 Voice In peer-to-peer calls, you call another VoIP device directly without going through a VoIP Service provider’s SIP server. Select Non-Proxy (Use IP or URL) in the Type column and enter the callee’s IP address or domain name. The ZyXEL Device sends SIP INVITE requests to the peer VoIP device when you use the speed dial entry. Figure 112 Phone Book > Speed Dial Each field is described in the following table.
Chapter 11 Voice Table 73 Phone Book > Speed Dial LABEL DESCRIPTION Name This field displays the name of the party you call when you dial the speed-dial number. Destination This field is blank, if the speed-dial entry uses one of your SIP accounts. Otherwise, this field shows the IP address or domain name of the SIP server or other party. (This field corresponds with the Type field in the Speed Dial section.) Modify Use this field to edit or erase the speed-dial entry.
Chapter 11 Voice You can create two sets of call-forwarding rules. Each one is stored in a call-forwarding table. Each field is described in the following table. Table 74 Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy LABEL DESCRIPTION Table Number Select the call-forwarding table you want to see in this screen. If you change this field, the screen automatically refreshes.
Chapter 11 Voice 11.18 Distinctive Ring Screen This screen lets you specify ring types for calls from particular numbers. The ring types vary by ring duration and stop ring duration (the time gap between the rings). Any standard phone is compatible with this feature. When an incoming call comes in, the ZyXEL Device checks whether it is from any of the phone numbers you set up in this screen. If the number matches an enabled entry, the ZyXEL Device sends the corresponding ring to your phone.
Chapter 11 Voice Figure 114 Phone Book > Distinctive Ring Each field is described in the following table. Table 75 Phone Book > Distinctive Ring LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this if you want to activate the distinctive ring feature. You also have to enable individual entries. Test the Ring Use the drop down list box to select the ring tone you would like to hear. Test Click this to listen to the ring. All the phones connected to the ZyXEL Device ring when you click this button.
Chapter 11 Voice Table 75 Phone Book > Distinctive Ring LABEL DESCRIPTION Name Type a name for the associated telephone number. TEL Type the telephone number you want to add to a group. Group Select a group for the telephone number you entered. You can select Family, Workmate, Friend or VIP. You can also select distinctive rings based on whether a call comes from the registered SIP accounts, the PSTN line, or another phone connected to the ZyXEL Device (internal).
Chapter 11 Voice Figure 115 Phone Book > SIP Prefix Each field is described in the following table. Table 76 Phone Book > SIP Prefix LABEL DESCRIPTION SIP Selection by Prefix # Select the index number of the rule you want to edit.. Prefix Enter the prefix number (1 ~ 8 digits). This is the number you dial before you dial the phone number. SIP Index Select the SIP account you want to use to make outgoing calls when you dial the number in the Prefix field.
Chapter 11 Voice Table 76 Phone Book > SIP Prefix LABEL DESCRIPTION Clear Click this to erase all the SIP prefix entries. Cancel Click this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value. 11.20 PSTN Line With the PSTN line you can make and receive regular PSTN phone calls. Use a prefix number to make a regular call. When the device does not have power, you can make regular calls without dialing a prefix number.
Chapter 11 Voice Each field is described in the following table. Table 77 PSTN Line > General LABEL DESCRIPTION PSTN Line Pre-fix Number Enter 1 - 7 numbers you dial before you dial the phone number, if you want to make a regular analog phone call while one of your SIP accounts is registered. These numbers tell the ZyXEL Device that you want to make a regular phone call. Relay to PSTN Line Enter phone numbers (for regular calls, not VoIP calls) that you want to dial without the prefix number.
Chapter 11 Voice Table 78 ISDN Line > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click this to save your changes and to apply them to the ZyXEL Device. Cancel Click this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value. 11.23 Fixed Line Numbers Configure the Fixed Line Numbers screen to: • Use your analog phone(s) to make and receive calls over the ISDN line, using Multiple Subscriber Numbers (MSNs). See Section 11.23.1 on page 208.
Chapter 11 Voice • They configure their MSN mappings in the ZyXEL Device’s VoIP > Fixed Line Numbers screen. Carol maps MSN1 to “333” and David maps MSN2 to “222”. • They then configure the VoIP > Phone > Analog Phone screen so that the PHONE 1 port uses the ISDN line and MSN1 to make and receive calls, and the PHONE 2 port uses the ISDN line and MSN2 to make and receive calls. When someone calls 987654333, only Carol’s phone rings, and when someone calls 987654222 only David’s phone rings.
Chapter 11 Voice Figure 118 VoIP > Fixed Line Numbers Screen The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 79 VoIP > Fixed Line Numbers Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION PSTN Number Configure this field if you want to allow your ISDN phone (connected to the ZyXEL Device’s ISDN PHONE port) to receive PSTN calls. Enter a number (up to 15 digits, no hyphens or spaces allowed) that is different from all of your other MSNs and click Apply.
CHAPTER 12 VoIP Trunking Use these screens to configure VoIP trunking on your ZyXEL Device. 12.1 VoIP Trunking Overview VoIP trunking connects an IP network (like the Internet) and the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). PSTN includes the world’s circuit-switched telephone network which is composed of fixed and mobile telephones.
Chapter 12 VoIP Trunking Other settings controlled by the auto attendant include a time limit to decide whether you want to forward a call from the ZyXEL Device or call the phone directly connected to the ZyXEL Device. When you call into your ZyXEL Device you can request to forward a call to another phone number simply by dialing that number. If you don’t dial any number within a specified time limit (for example 5 seconds) then the phone directly connected to the ZyXEL Device rings.
Chapter 12 VoIP Trunking 12.3 Call Rules Call rules automate the forwarding of calls, first to a remote peer device and then to PSTN phones. This is used when you make frequent calls to several PSTN numbers in the same geographic area that start with the same numbers (for example an area code). If there is a remote peer device in that area, you can set up a VoIP link to it and have it forward the calls to PSTN phones. This works by configuring a pattern that the ZyXEL Device can recognize.
Chapter 12 VoIP Trunking Figure 121 PSTN Phone To VoIP Phone 12.4.3 PSTN Phone To PSTN Phone via VoIP A PSTN phone A makes a call to the ZyXEL Device B. B connects to a peer device C and C forwards the call to a PSTN phone D. Figure 122 PSTN Phone To PSTN Phone via VoIP 12.5 Trunking General Screen Use this screen to enable VoIP trunking. Click VoIP > Trunking > General.
Chapter 12 VoIP Trunking Each field is described in the following table. Table 82 VoIP > Trunking > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Enable Trunking Select this to turn on VoIP trunking on your ZyXEL Device. Auto Attendant Timeout This is the setting which determines how long the ZyXEL Device waits for a caller to enter a phone number when it receives the call. Enter the number of seconds before the Auto Attendant times out. The default value is 10 seconds and entering 0 does not change the default.
Chapter 12 VoIP Trunking Figure 124 VoIP > Trunking > Peer Call Each field is described in the following table. Table 83 VoIP > Trunking > Peer Call 216 LABEL DESCRIPTION Outgoing Authentication You need to set up accounts for the peer devices you use in VoIP trunking. This is the IP address of the remote peer device, as well as the username and password needed to authenticate with the remote peer device. # This is an index number of your outgoing authentication accounts.
Chapter 12 VoIP Trunking Table 83 VoIP > Trunking > Peer Call (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Password Enter the corresponding password for the username you entered. The remote peer device must have the same password in an incoming authentication entry in order to authenticate your connection. Enter up to 32 alphanumeric characters. Peer IP Enter the IP address of the remote peer device which you want to connect to.
Chapter 12 VoIP Trunking Figure 125 VoIP > Trunking > Call Rule Each field is described in the following table. Table 84 VoIP > Trunking > Call Rule 218 LABEL DESCRIPTION # This is a read-only index number of the call rules. Pattern A Pattern is used when you call your ZyXEL Device from a PSTN phone and want to use it to create a VoIP link to a remote peer device which will forward the call to a PSTN phone.
Chapter 12 VoIP Trunking 12.8 VoIP Trunking Example: VoIP to PSTN This example shows how to configure VoIP to PSTN trunking to save on long distance calls. 12.8.1 Background Information A company has its headquarters in city A and a branch office in city B. The headquarters often needs to call salespeople employed at the branch office. The sales employees often work away from the office and have PSTN phones (mobile or land based).
Chapter 12 VoIP Trunking Figure 127 VoIP to PSTN Example - Speed Dial Screen 2 An outgoing authentication account needs to be configured. This account consists of the IP address and port number of the branch office ZyXEL Device as well as the username and password for authentication. This username and password must match the incoming authentication account username and password on the branch office ZyXEL Device. The name of this rule is “CityB” referring to the branch office ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 12 VoIP Trunking Figure 129 VoIP to PSTN Example - Incoming Authentication 12.8.4 Call Progression The advantage of this kind of VoIP trunking is that once all the configuration is completed, the caller just has to dial a speed dial entry from a phone connected to their ZyXEL Device and the peer devices take care of the rest. This is what happens when headquarters wants to call their Sales1 employee, which is the first entry in the speed dial screen.
Chapter 12 VoIP Trunking 12.9.1 Background Information A company has its headquarters in one city and a branch office in another. The sales manager (A) from headquarters often needs to call salespeople (D) employed at the branch office. The sales manager often works away from the headquarters office and the sales employees often work away from the branch office. The sales manager and the sales employees have PSTN phones (mobile or land based). The two offices have VoIP trunking devices.
Chapter 12 VoIP Trunking Figure 131 PSTN to PSTN Example: General Configuration 2 An outgoing authentication account needs to be configured. This account consists of the IP address and port number of the branch office ZyXEL Device as well as the username and password for authentication. This username and password must match the incoming authentication account username and password on the branch office ZyXEL Device. The name of this account is “CityB” referring to the branch office ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 12 VoIP Trunking Figure 133 PSTN to PSTN Example - Call Rule 12.9.3 Configuration Details: Incoming The branch office ZyXEL Device needs to have an incoming authentication account configured. This consists of a username and password. This account must match the username and password of the outgoing authentication account of the headquarters’ ZyXEL Device. This can be configured in the VoIP > Trunking > Peer Call screen. Figure 134 PSTN to PSTN Example - Incoming Authentication 12.9.
Chapter 12 VoIP Trunking Table 86 PSTN to PSTN: VoIP Trunking Call Progression MANAGER HEADQUARTERS BRANCH OFFICE SALES1 The manager dials the PSTN number of the headquarters’ ZyXEL Device. (222-222-2222) The ZyXEL Device receives the call and sends a ringback alert tone to indicate to the caller that VoIP trunking is enabled. The manager dials the PSTN number of Sales1 (555-5551234). The ZyXEL Device prompts the manager to enter the PIN in order to allow VoIP trunking.
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CHAPTER 13 Phone Usage This chapter describes how to use a phone connected to your ZyXEL Device for basic tasks. 13.1 Dialing a Telephone Number The PHONE LED turns green when your SIP account is registered. Dial a SIP number like “12345” on your phone’s keypad. Use speed dial entries (see Section 11.16 on page 198) for peer-to-peer calls or SIP numbers that use letters. Dial the speed dial entry on your telephone’s keypad. Use your VoIP service provider’s dialing plan to call regular telephone numbers.
Chapter 13 Phone Usage • Follow Me • Call Pickup " To use these supplementary functions for internal calls, you have to configure the VoIP > Phone > Ext. Table first. 13.3.1 Phone Book You can assign each phone connected to the ZyXEL Device an extension number and make internal calls between these phones. You can also call a group of phones that share the same group number. For information on how to configure extension numbers and group numbers, refer to Section 11.12 on page 191.
Chapter 13 Phone Usage • Remote setting (when you are at another place): When you hear the dial tone, dial “*04” followed by your extension number. When you do not need the follow me function, dial “#04” followed by your extension number to cancel this rule. 13.3.5 Call Pickup When an incoming internal call rings but the user of the phone is unavailable to receive the call, you can pick the phone up for this person. Take the following steps to receive incoming internal calls from your phone.
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P ART V Security Firewalls (233) Firewall Configuration (245) Content Filtering (265) Introduction to IPSec (269) VPN Screens (275) Certificates (301) 231
CHAPTER 14 Firewalls This chapter gives some background information on firewalls and introduces the ZyXEL Device firewall. 14.1 Firewall Overview Originally, the term “firewall” referred to a construction technique designed to prevent the spread of fire from one room to another. The networking term “firewall” is a system or group of systems that enforces an access-control policy between two networks. It may also be defined as a mechanism used to protect a trusted network from an untrusted network.
Chapter 14 Firewalls 14.2.2 Application-level Firewalls Application-level firewalls restrict access by serving as proxies for external servers. Since they use programs written for specific Internet services, such as HTTP, FTP and telnet, they can evaluate network packets for valid application-specific data.
Chapter 14 Firewalls 14.3.1 Denial of Service Attacks Figure 135 Firewall Application 14.4 Denial of Service Denials of Service (DoS) attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the Internet. Their goal is not to steal information, but to disable a device or network so users no longer have access to network resources. The ZyXEL Device is pre-configured to automatically detect and thwart all known DoS attacks. 14.4.
Chapter 14 Firewalls 14.4.2 Types of DoS Attacks There are four types of DoS attacks: 1 2 3 4 5 Those that exploit bugs in a TCP/IP implementation. Those that exploit weaknesses in the TCP/IP specification. Brute-force attacks that flood a network with useless data. IP Spoofing. "Ping of Death" and "Teardrop" attacks exploit bugs in the TCP/IP implementations of various computer and host systems.
Chapter 14 Firewalls Figure 137 SYN Flood • In a LAND Attack, hackers flood SYN packets into the network with a spoofed source IP address of the targeted system. This makes it appear as if the host computer sent the packets to itself, making the system unavailable while the target system tries to respond to itself. 7 A brute-force attack, such as a "Smurf" attack, targets a feature in the IP specification known as directed or subnet broadcasting, to quickly flood the target network with useless data.
Chapter 14 Firewalls 14.4.2.1 ICMP Vulnerability ICMP is an error-reporting protocol that works in concert with IP. The following ICMP types trigger an alert: Table 88 ICMP Commands That Trigger Alerts 5 REDIRECT 13 TIMESTAMP_REQUEST 14 TIMESTAMP_REPLY 17 ADDRESS_MASK_REQUEST 18 ADDRESS_MASK_REPLY 14.4.2.2 Illegal Commands (NetBIOS and SMTP) The only legal NetBIOS commands are the following - all others are illegal.
Chapter 14 Firewalls are allowed in. The ZyXEL Device uses stateful packet inspection to protect the private LAN from hackers and vandals on the Internet. By default, the ZyXEL Device’s stateful inspection allows all communications to the Internet that originate from the LAN, and blocks all traffic to the LAN that originates from the Internet. In summary, stateful inspection: • Allows all sessions originating from the LAN (local network) to the WAN (Internet).
Chapter 14 Firewalls 6 Later, an inbound packet reaches the interface. This packet is part of the connection previously established with the outbound packet. The inbound packet is evaluated against the inbound access list, and is permitted because of the temporary access list entry previously created. 7 The packet is inspected by a firewall rule, and the connection's state table entry is updated as necessary.
Chapter 14 Firewalls If an initiation packet originates on the LAN, this means that someone is trying to make a connection from the LAN to the Internet. Assuming that this is an acceptable part of the security policy (as is the case with the default policy), the connection will be allowed. A cache entry is added which includes connection information such as IP addresses, TCP ports, sequence numbers, etc.
Chapter 14 Firewalls 14.6 Guidelines for Enhancing Security with Your Firewall • Change the default password. • Limit who can telnet into your router. • Don't enable any local service (such as SNMP or NTP) that you don't use. Any enabled service could present a potential security risk. A determined hacker might be able to find creative ways to misuse the enabled services to access the firewall or the network. • For local services that are enabled, protect against misuse.
Chapter 14 Firewalls • Always shred confidential information, particularly about your computer, before throwing it away. Some hackers dig through the trash of companies or individuals for information that might help them in an attack. 14.7 Packet Filtering Vs Firewall Below are some comparisons between the ZyXEL Device’s filtering and firewall functions. 14.7.1 Packet Filtering: • The router filters packets as they pass through the router’s interface according to the filter rules you designed.
Chapter 14 Firewalls • To selectively block/allow inbound or outbound traffic between inside host/networks and outside host/networks. Remember that filters can not distinguish traffic originating from an inside host or an outside host by IP address. • The firewall performs better than filtering if you need to check many rules. • Use the firewall if you need routine e-mail reports about your system or need to be alerted when attacks occur.
CHAPTER 15 Firewall Configuration This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the ZyXEL Device firewall. 15.1 Access Methods The web configurator is, by far, the most comprehensive firewall configuration tool your ZyXEL Device has to offer. For this reason, it is recommended that you configure your firewall using the web configurator. CLI commands provide limited configuration options and are only recommended for advanced users. 15.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration You may define additional rules and sets or modify existing ones but please exercise extreme caution in doing so. " If you configure firewall rules without a good understanding of how they work, you might inadvertently introduce security risks to the firewall and to the protected network. Make sure you test your rules after you configure them.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration 2 Does this rule stop LAN users from accessing critical resources on the Internet? For example, if IRC is blocked, are there users that require this service? 3 Is it possible to modify the rule to be more specific? For example, if IRC is blocked for all users, will a rule that blocks just certain users be more effective? 4 Does a rule that allows Internet users access to resources on the LAN create a security vulnerability? For example, if FTP ports (TCP 20, 21) are allowe
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration 15.4.1 LAN to WAN Rules The default rule for LAN to WAN traffic is that all users on the LAN are allowed nonrestricted access to the WAN. When you configure a LAN to WAN rule, you in essence want to limit some or all users from accessing certain services on the WAN. WAN to LAN Rules The default rule for WAN to LAN traffic blocks all incoming connections (WAN to LAN).
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 91 Firewall: General LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Firewall Select this check box to activate the firewall. The ZyXEL Device performs access control and protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated. Bypass Triangle Route Select this check box to have the ZyXEL Device firewall permit the use of triangle route topology on the network.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration Figure 141 Firewall Rules The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 92 Firewall Rules LABEL DESCRIPTION Firewall Rules Storage Space in Use This read-only bar shows how much of the ZyXEL Device's memory for recording firewall rules it is currently using. When you are using 80% or less of the storage space, the bar is green. When the amount of space used is over 80%, the bar is red.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration Table 92 Firewall Rules (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule. Click the Remove icon to delete an existing firewall rule. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the firewall rule. Note that subsequent firewall rules move up by one when you take this action. Order Click the Move icon to display the Move the rule to field.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration Figure 142 Firewall: Edit Rule The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 93 Firewall: Edit Rule 252 LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this option to enable this firewall rule. Action for Matched Packet Use the drop-down list box to select whether to discard (Drop), deny and send an ICMP destination-unreachable message to the sender of (Reject) or allow the passage of (Permit) packets that match this rule.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration Table 93 Firewall: Edit Rule (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Source/Destination Address Address Type Do you want your rule to apply to packets with a particular (single) IP, a range of IP addresses (for instance, 192.168.1.10 to 192.169.1.50), a subnet or any IP address? Select an option from the drop-down list box that includes: Single Address, Range Address, Subnet Address and Any Address.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration 15.6.2 Customized Services Configure customized services and port numbers not predefined by the ZyXEL Device. For a comprehensive list of port numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) website. See Appendix E on page 475 for some examples. Click the Edit Customized Services link while editing a firewall rule to configure a custom service port. This displays the following screen. Refer to Section 14.1 on page 233 for more information.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration Figure 144 Firewall: Configure Customized Services The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 95 Firewall: Configure Customized Services LABEL DESCRIPTION Service Name Type a unique name for your custom port. Service Type Choose the IP port (TCP, UDP or TCP/UDP) that defines your customized port from the drop down list box.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration Figure 145 Firewall Example: Rules 3 In the Rules screen, select the index number after that you want to add the rule. For example, if you select “6”, your new rule becomes number 7 and the previous rule 7 (if there is one) becomes rule 8. 4 Click Add to display the firewall rule configuration screen. 5 In the Edit Rule screen, click the Edit Customized Services link to open the Customized Service screen.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration Figure 147 Firewall Example: Edit Rule: Destination Address 9 Use the Add >> and Remove buttons between Available Services and Selected Services list boxes to configure it as follows. Click Apply when you are done. " Custom services show up with an “*” before their names in the Services list box and the Rules list box.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration Figure 148 Firewall Example: Edit Rule: Select Customized Services On completing the configuration procedure for this Internet firewall rule, the Rules screen should look like the following. Rule 1 allows a “MyService” connection from the WAN to IP addresses 10.0.0.10 through 10.0.0.15 on the LAN.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration Figure 149 Firewall Example: Rules: MyService 15.8 DoS Thresholds For DoS attacks, the ZyXEL Device uses thresholds to determine when to drop sessions that do not become fully established. These thresholds apply globally to all sessions. You can use the default threshold values, or you can change them to values more suitable to your security requirements. Refer to Section 15.8.3 on page 260 to configure thresholds. 15.8.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration 15.8.2 Half-Open Sessions An unusually high number of half-open sessions (either an absolute number or measured as the arrival rate) could indicate that a Denial of Service attack is occurring. For TCP, "halfopen" means that the session has not reached the established state-the TCP three-way handshake has not yet been completed (see Figure 136 on page 236). For UDP, "half-open" means that the firewall has detected no return traffic.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration Figure 150 Firewall: Threshold The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 96 Firewall: Threshold LABEL DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUES One Minute Low This is the rate of new half-open sessions that causes the firewall to stop deleting halfopen sessions. The ZyXEL Device continues to delete half-open sessions as necessary, until the rate of new connection attempts drops below this number. 80 existing half-open sessions.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration Table 96 Firewall: Threshold (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUES Maximum Incomplete High This is the number of existing half-open sessions that causes the firewall to start deleting half-open sessions. When the number of existing half-open sessions rises above this number, the ZyXEL Device deletes half-open sessions as required to accommodate new connection requests. Do not set Maximum Incomplete High to lower than the current Maximum Incomplete Low number.
Chapter 15 Firewall Configuration Table 97 Sys Firewall Commands COMMAND DESCRIPTION disp Displays the firewall log type and count. clear Clears the firewall log count. Dumps the last 64 bytes of packets that the firewall has dropped. pktdump dynamicrule display Displays the firewall’s dynamic rules. rst Turns TCP reset sending on/off. rst113 Turns TCP reset sending for port 113 on/off. display Displays the TCP reset sending settings. tcprst This rule is not in use.
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CHAPTER 16 Content Filtering This chapter covers how to configure content filtering. 16.1 Content Filtering Overview Internet content filtering allows you to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to your needs. Content filtering gives you the ability to block web sites that contain key words (that you specify) in the URL. You can set a schedule for when the ZyXEL Device performs content filtering.
Chapter 16 Content Filtering The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 98 Content Filter: Keyword LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Keyword Blocking Select this check box to enable this feature. Block Websites that contain these keywords in the URL: This box contains the list of all the keywords that you have configured the ZyXEL Device to block. Delete Highlight a keyword in the box and click Delete to remove it. Clear All Click Clear All to remove all of the keywords from the list.
Chapter 16 Content Filtering The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 99 Content Filter: Schedule LABEL DESCRIPTION Schedule Select Block Everyday to make the content filtering active everyday. Otherwise, select Edit Daily to Block and configure which days of the week (or everyday) and which time of the day you want the content filtering to be active. Active Select the check box to have the content filtering to be active on the selected day.
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CHAPTER 17 Introduction to IPSec This chapter introduces the basics of IPSec VPNs. 17.1 VPN Overview A VPN (Virtual Private Network) provides secure communications between sites without the expense of leased site-to-site lines. A secure VPN is a combination of tunneling, encryption, authentication, access control and auditing technologies/services used to transport traffic over the Internet or any insecure network that uses the TCP/IP protocol suite for communication. 17.1.
Chapter 17 Introduction to IPSec Figure 154 Encryption and Decryption 17.1.3.2 Data Confidentiality The IPSec sender can encrypt packets before transmitting them across a network. 17.1.3.3 Data Integrity The IPSec receiver can validate packets sent by the IPSec sender to ensure that the data has not been altered during transmission. 17.1.3.4 Data Origin Authentication The IPSec receiver can verify the source of IPSec packets. This service depends on the data integrity service. 17.1.
Chapter 17 Introduction to IPSec Figure 155 IPSec Architecture 17.2.1 IPSec Algorithms The ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) Protocol (RFC 2406) and AH (Authentication Header) protocol (RFC 2402) describe the packet formats and the default standards for packet structure (including implementation algorithms). The Encryption Algorithm describes the use of encryption techniques such as DES (Data Encryption Standard) and Triple DES algorithms.
Chapter 17 Introduction to IPSec Figure 156 Transport and Tunnel Mode IPSec Encapsulation 17.3.1 Transport Mode Transport mode is used to protect upper layer protocols and only affects the data in the IP packet. In Transport mode, the IP packet contains the security protocol (AH or ESP) located after the original IP header and options, but before any upper layer protocols contained in the packet (such as TCP and UDP).
Chapter 17 Introduction to IPSec A NAT device in between the IPSec endpoints will rewrite either the source or destination address with one of its own choosing. The VPN device at the receiving end will verify the integrity of the incoming packet by computing its own hash value, and complain that the hash value appended to the received packet doesn't match. The VPN device at the receiving end doesn't know about the NAT in the middle, so it assumes that the data has been maliciously altered.
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CHAPTER 18 VPN Screens This chapter introduces the VPN screens. See Chapter 27 on page 387 for information on viewing logs and the appendix for IPSec log descriptions. 18.1 VPN/IPSec Overview Use the screens documented in this chapter to configure rules for VPN connections and manage VPN connections. 18.2 IPSec Algorithms The ESP and AH protocols are necessary to create a Security Association (SA), the foundation of an IPSec VPN.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Table 102 AH and ESP ENCRYPTION ESP AH DES (default) Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a widely used method of data encryption using a private (secret) key. DES applies a 56-bit key to each 64-bit block of data. MD5 (default) MD5 (Message Digest 5) produces a 128-bit digest to authenticate packet data. 3DES Triple DES (3DES) is a variant of DES, which iterates three times with three separate keys (3 x 56 = 168 bits), effectively doubling the strength of DES.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens If the remote secure gateway has a static WAN IP address, enter it in the Secure Gateway Address field. You may alternatively enter the remote secure gateway’s domain name (if it has one) in the Secure Gateway Address field. You can also enter a remote secure gateway’s domain name in the Secure Gateway Address field if the remote secure gateway has a dynamic WAN IP address and is using DDNS.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Figure 158 VPN Setup The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 103 VPN Setup 278 LABEL DESCRIPTION No. This is the VPN policy index number. Click a number to edit VPN policies. Active This field displays whether the VPN policy is active or not. A Yes signifies that this VPN policy is active. No signifies that this VPN policy is not active. Name This field displays the identification name for this VPN policy.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Table 103 VPN Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Remote Address This is the IP address(es) of computer(s) on the remote network behind the remote IPSec router. This field displays N/A when the Secure Gateway Address field displays 0.0.0.0. In this case only the remote IPSec router can initiate the VPN. The same (static) IP address is displayed twice when the Remote Address Type field in the VPN-IKE (or VPN-Manual Key) screen is configured to Single.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens NAT is not normally compatible with ESP in transport mode either, but the ZyXEL Device’s NAT Traversal feature provides a way to handle this. NAT traversal allows you to set up an IKE SA when there are NAT routers between the two IPSec routers. Figure 159 NAT Router Between IPSec Routers Normally you cannot set up an IKE SA with a NAT router between the two IPSec routers because the NAT router changes the header of the IPSec packet.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens The following figure depicts an example where three VPN tunnels are created from ZyXEL Device A; one to branch office 2, one to branch office 3 and another to headquarters. In order to access computers that use private domain names on the headquarters (HQ) network, the ZyXEL Device at branch office 1 uses the Intranet DNS server in headquarters. The DNS server feature for VPN does not work with Windows 2000 or Windows XP.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Table 105 Local ID Type and Content Fields LOCAL ID TYPE= CONTENT= IP Type the IP address of your computer or leave the field blank to have the ZyXEL Device automatically use its own IP address. DNS Type a domain name (up to 31 characters) by which to identify this ZyXEL Device. E-mail Type an e-mail address (up to 31 characters) by which to identify this ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens The two ZyXEL Devices in this example cannot complete their negotiation because ZyXEL Device B’s Local ID type is IP, but ZyXEL Device A’s Peer ID type is set to E-mail. An “ID mismatched” message displays in the IPSEC LOG. Table 108 Mismatching ID Type and Content Configuration Example ZYXEL DEVICE A ZYXEL DEVICE B Local ID type: IP Local ID type: IP Local ID content: 1.1.1.10 Local ID content: 1.1.1.10 Peer ID type: E-mail Peer ID type: IP Peer ID content: aa@yahoo.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Figure 161 Edit VPN Policies The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 109 Edit VPN Policies LABEL DESCRIPTION IPSec Setup 284 Active Select this check box to activate this VPN policy. This option determines whether a VPN rule is applied before a packet leaves the firewall. Keep Alive Select either Yes or No from the drop-down list box.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Table 109 Edit VPN Policies LABEL DESCRIPTION IPSec Key Mode Select IKE or Manual from the drop-down list box. IKE provides more protection so it is generally recommended. Manual is a useful option for troubleshooting if you have problems using IKE key management. Negotiation Mode Select Main or Aggressive from the drop-down list box. Multiple SAs connecting through a secure gateway must have the same negotiation mode.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Table 109 Edit VPN Policies LABEL DESCRIPTION End / Subnet Mask When the Remote Address Type field is configured to Single, this field is N/A. When the Remote Address Type field is configured to Range, enter the end (static) IP address, in a range of computers on the network behind the remote IPSec router. When the Remote Address Type field is configured to Subnet, enter a subnet mask on the network behind the remote IPSec router.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Table 109 Edit VPN Policies LABEL DESCRIPTION Secure Gateway Address Type the WAN IP address or the URL (up to 31 characters) of the IPSec router with which you're making the VPN connection. Set this field to 0.0.0.0 if the remote IPSec router has a dynamic WAN IP address (the Key Management field must be set to IKE). In order to have more than one active rule with the Secure Gateway Address field set to 0.0.0.0, the ranges of the local IP addresses cannot overlap between rules.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Table 109 Edit VPN Policies LABEL DESCRIPTION Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Advanced Setup Click Advanced Setup to configure more detailed settings of your IKE key management. 18.12 IKE Phases There are two phases to every IKE (Internet Key Exchange) negotiation – phase 1 (Authentication) and phase 2 (Key Exchange). A phase 1 exchange establishes an IKE SA and the second one uses that SA to negotiate SAs for IPSec.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens • Set the IPSec SA lifetime. This field allows you to determine how long the IPSec SA should stay up before it times out. The ZyXEL Device automatically renegotiates the IPSec SA if there is traffic when the IPSec SA lifetime period expires. The ZyXEL Device also automatically renegotiates the IPSec SA if both IPSec routers have keep alive enabled, even if there is no traffic.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Figure 163 Advanced VPN Policies The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 110 Advanced VPN Policies LABEL DESCRIPTION VPN - IKE Protocol Enter 1 for ICMP, 6 for TCP, 17 for UDP, etc. 0 is the default and signifies any protocol. Enable Replay Detection As a VPN setup is processing intensive, the system is vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) attacks The IPSec receiver can detect and reject old or duplicate packets to protect against replay attacks.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Table 110 Advanced VPN Policies LABEL DESCRIPTION Pre-Shared Key Type your pre-shared key in this field. A pre-shared key identifies a communicating party during a phase 1 IKE negotiation. It is called "pre-shared" because you have to share it with another party before you can communicate with them over a secure connection. Type from 8 to 31 case-sensitive ASCII characters or from 16 to 62 hexadecimal ("0-9", "A-F") characters.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Table 110 Advanced VPN Policies LABEL DESCRIPTION SA Life Time (Seconds) Define the length of time before an IKE SA automatically renegotiates in this field. It may range from 60 to 3,000,000 seconds (almost 35 days). A short SA Life Time increases security by forcing the two VPN gateways to update the encryption and authentication keys. However, every time the VPN tunnel renegotiates, all users accessing remote resources are temporarily disconnected.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Figure 164 VPN: Manual Key The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 111 VPN: Manual Key LABEL DESCRIPTION IPSec Setup Active Select this check box to activate this VPN policy. Name Type up to 32 characters to identify this VPN policy. You may use any character, including spaces, but the ZyXEL Device drops trailing spaces. IPSec Key Mode Select IKE or Manual from the drop-down list box.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Table 111 VPN: Manual Key (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION DNS Server (for IPSec VPN) If there is a private DNS server that services the VPN, type its IP address here. The ZyXEL Device assigns this additional DNS server to the ZyXEL Device 's DHCP clients that have IP addresses in this IPSec rule's range of local addresses. A DNS server allows clients on the VPN to find other computers and servers on the VPN by their (private) domain names.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Table 111 VPN: Manual Key (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION My IP Address Enter the WAN IP address of your ZyXEL Device. The VPN tunnel has to be rebuilt if this IP address changes. The following applies if this field is configured as 0.0.0.0: The ZyXEL Device uses the current ZyXEL Device WAN IP address (static or dynamic) to set up the VPN tunnel.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens When there is outbound traffic but no inbound traffic, the SA times out automatically after two minutes. A tunnel with no outbound or inbound traffic is "idle" and does not timeout until the SA lifetime period expires. See Section 18.6 on page 279on keep alive to have the ZyXEL Device renegotiate an IPSec SA when the SA lifetime expires, even if there is no traffic. Figure 165 VPN: SA Monitor The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens 18.17 Configuring Global Setting To change your ZyXEL Device’s global settings, click VPN and then Global Setting. The screen appears as shown. Figure 166 VPN: Global Setting The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 113 VPN: Global Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION Windows Networking NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) are TCP or UDP packets that (NetBIOS over TCP/IP) enable a computer to find other computers.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Figure 167 Telecommuters Sharing One VPN Rule Example Table 114 Telecommuters Sharing One VPN Rule Example FIELDS TELECOMMUTERS HEADQUARTERS My IP Address: 0.0.0.0 (dynamic IP address assigned by the ISP) Public static IP address Secure Gateway IP Address: Public static IP address 0.0.0.0 With this IP address only the telecommuter can initiate the IPSec tunnel. Local IP Address: Telecommuter A: 192.168.2.12 Telecommuter B: 192.168.3.2 Telecommuter C: 192.168.4.15 192.168.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens Figure 168 Telecommuters Using Unique VPN Rules Example Table 115 Telecommuters Using Unique VPN Rules Example TELECOMMUTERS HEADQUARTERS All Telecommuter Rules: All Headquarters Rules: My IP Address 0.0.0.0 My IP Address: bigcompanyhq.com Secure Gateway Address: bigcompanyhq.com Local IP Address: 192.168.1.10 Remote IP Address: 192.168.1.10 Local ID Type: E-mail Peer ID Type: E-mail Local ID Content: bob@bigcompanyhq.com Peer ID Content: bob@bigcompanyhq.
Chapter 18 VPN Screens 18.19 VPN and Remote Management If a VPN tunnel uses Telnet, FTP, WWW, then you should configure remote management (Remote Management) to allow access for that service.
CHAPTER 19 Certificates This chapter gives background information about public-key certificates and explains how to use them. 19.1 Certificates Overview The ZyXEL Device can use certificates (also called digital IDs) to authenticate users. Certificates are based on public-private key pairs. A certificate contains the certificate owner’s identity and public key. Certificates provide a way to exchange public keys for use in authentication.
Chapter 19 Certificates Certification authorities maintain directory servers with databases of valid and revoked certificates. A directory of certificates that have been revoked before the scheduled expiration is called a CRL (Certificate Revocation List). The ZyXEL Device can check a peer’s certificate against a directory server’s list of revoked certificates. The framework of servers, software, procedures and policies that handles keys is called PKI (Public-Key Infrastructure). 19.1.
Chapter 19 Certificates 19.4 My Certificates Click Security > Certificates > My Certificates to open the My Certificates screen. This is the ZyXEL Device’s summary list of certificates and certification requests. Certificates display in black and certification requests display in gray. Figure 170 My Certificates The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 19 Certificates Table 116 My Certificates (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Issuer This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing certification authority, such as a common name, organizational unit or department, organization or company and country. With self-signed certificates, this is the same information as in the Subject field. Valid From This field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable.
Chapter 19 Certificates " " The certificate you import replaces the corresponding request in the My Certificates screen. You must remove any spaces from the certificate’s filename before you can import it. 19.5.1 Certificate File Formats The certification authority certificate that you want to import has to be in one of these file formats: • Binary X.509: This is an ITU-T recommendation that defines the formats for X.509 certificates. • PEM (Base-64) encoded X.
Chapter 19 Certificates Table 117 My Certificate Import LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save the certificate on the ZyXEL Device. Cancel Click Cancel to clear your settings. 19.6 My Certificate Create Click Security > Certificates > My Certificates > Create to open the My Certificate Create screen. Use this screen to have the ZyXEL Device create a self-signed certificate, enroll a certificate with a certification authority or generate a certification request.
Chapter 19 Certificates Table 118 My Certificate Create (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Organizational Unit Type up to 127 characters to identify the organizational unit or department to which the certificate owner belongs. You may use any character, including spaces, but the ZyXEL Device drops trailing spaces. Organization Type up to 127 characters to identify the company or group to which the certificate owner belongs.
Chapter 19 Certificates Table 118 My Certificate Create (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Key Type the key that the certification authority gave you. Apply Click Apply to begin certificate or certification request generation. Cancel Click Cancel to quit and return to the My Certificates screen. After you click Apply in the My Certificate Create screen, you see a screen that tells you the ZyXEL Device is generating the self-signed certificate or certification request.
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Chapter 19 Certificates The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 119 My Certificate Details 310 LABEL DESCRIPTION Name This field displays the identifying name of this certificate. If you want to change the name, type up to 31 characters to identify this certificate. You may use any character (not including spaces). Property Default self-signed certificate which signs the imported remote host certificates.
Chapter 19 Certificates Table 119 My Certificate Details (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Subject Alternative Name This field displays the certificate owner‘s IP address (IP), domain name (DNS) or e-mail address (EMAIL). Key Usage This field displays for what functions the certificate’s key can be used. For example, “DigitalSignature” means that the key can be used to sign certificates and “KeyEncipherment” means that the key can be used to encrypt text.
Chapter 19 Certificates Figure 174 Trusted CAs The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 120 Trusted CAs 312 LABEL DESCRIPTION PKI Storage Space in Use This bar displays the percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s PKI storage space that is currently in use. The bar turns from blue to red when the maximum is being approached. When the bar is red, you should consider deleting expired or unnecessary certificates before adding more certificates.
Chapter 19 Certificates Table 120 Trusted CAs (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Modify Click the details icon to open a screen with an in-depth list of information about the certificate. Click the delete icon to remove the certificate. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the certificates. Note that subsequent certificates move up by one when you take this action.
Chapter 19 Certificates 19.10 Trusted CA Details Click Security > Certificates > Trusted CAs to open the Trusted CAs screen. Click the details icon to open the Trusted CA Details screen. Use this screen to view in-depth information about the certification authority’s certificate, change the certificate’s name and set whether or not you want the ZyXEL Device to check a certification authority’s list of revoked certificates before trusting a certificate issued by the certification authority.
Chapter 19 Certificates The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 122 Trusted CA Details LABEL DESCRIPTION Name This field displays the identifying name of this certificate. If you want to change the name, type up to 31 characters to identify this key certificate. You may use any character (not including spaces).
Chapter 19 Certificates Table 122 Trusted CA Details (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Subject Alternative Name This field displays the certificate’s owner‘s IP address (IP), domain name (DNS) or e-mail address (EMAIL). Key Usage This field displays for what functions the certificate’s key can be used. For example, “DigitalSignature” means that the key can be used to sign certificates and “KeyEncipherment” means that the key can be used to encrypt text.
Chapter 19 Certificates Figure 177 Trusted Remote Hosts The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 123 Trusted Remote Hosts LABEL DESCRIPTION PKI Storage Space in Use This bar displays the percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s PKI storage space that is currently in use. The bar turns from green to red when the maximum is being approached. When the bar is red, you should consider deleting expired or unnecessary certificates before adding more certificates.
Chapter 19 Certificates 19.12 Verifying a Trusted Remote Host’s Certificate Certificates issued by certification authorities have the certification authority’s signature for you to check. Self-signed certificates only have the signature of the host itself. This means that you must be very careful when deciding to import (and thereby trust) a remote host’s selfsigned certificate. 19.12.
Chapter 19 Certificates 19.13 Trusted Remote Hosts Import Click Security > Certificates > Trusted Remote Hosts to open the Trusted Remote Hosts screen and then click Import to open the Trusted Remote Host Import screen. Follow the instructions in this screen to save a trusted host’s certificate to the ZyXEL Device. " The trusted remote host certificate must be a self-signed certificate; and you must remove any spaces from its filename before you can import it.
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Chapter 19 Certificates The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 125 Trusted Remote Host Details LABEL DESCRIPTION Name This field displays the identifying name of this certificate. If you want to change the name, type up to 31 characters to identify this key certificate. You may use any character (not including spaces).
Chapter 19 Certificates Table 125 Trusted Remote Host Details (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION MD5 Fingerprint This is the certificate’s message digest that the ZyXEL Device calculated using the MD5 algorithm. You cannot use this value to verify that this is the remote host’s actual certificate because the ZyXEL Device has signed the certificate; thus causing this value to be different from that of the remote hosts actual certificate. See Section 19.
Chapter 19 Certificates Figure 182 Directory Servers The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 126 Directory Servers LABEL DESCRIPTION PKI Storage Space in Use This bar displays the percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s PKI storage space that is currently in use. The bar turns from green to red when the maximum is being approached. When the bar is red, you should consider deleting expired or unnecessary certificates before adding more certificates.
Chapter 19 Certificates Figure 183 Directory Server Add and Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 127 Directory Server Add and Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Directory Service Setting Name Type up to 31 ASCII characters (spaces are not permitted) to identify this directory server. Access Protocol Use the drop-down list box to select the access protocol used by the directory server.
P ART VI Advanced Static Route (327) Bandwidth Management (331) Dynamic DNS Setup (339) Remote Management Configuration (343) Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) (361) 325
CHAPTER 20 Static Route This chapter shows you how to configure static routes for your ZyXEL Device. 20.1 Static Route Each remote node specifies only the network to which the gateway is directly connected, and the ZyXEL Device has no knowledge of the networks beyond. For instance, the ZyXEL Device knows about network N2 in the following figure through remote node Router 1.
Chapter 20 Static Route Figure 185 Static Route The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 128 Static Route LABEL DESCRIPTION # This is the number of an individual static route. Active This field shows whether this static route is active (Yes) or not (No). Name This is the name that describes or identifies this route. Destination This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number.
Chapter 20 Static Route Figure 186 Static Route Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 129 Static Route Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Active This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static route. Route Name Enter the name of the IP static route. Leave this field blank to delete this static route. Destination IP Address This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number.
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CHAPTER 21 Bandwidth Management This chapter contains information about configuring bandwidth management, editing rules and viewing the ZyXEL Device’s bandwidth management logs. 21.1 Bandwidth Management Overview ZyXEL’s Bandwidth Management allows you to specify bandwidth management rules based on application. You can allocate specific amounts of bandwidth capacity (bandwidth budgets) to different bandwidth rules.
Chapter 21 Bandwidth Management ATC assigns priority based on packet size, since time-sensitive applications such as Internet telephony (Voice over IP or VoIP) tend to have smaller packet sizes than non-time sensitive applications such as FTP (File Transfer Protocol). The following table shows some common applications, their time sensitivity, and their typical data packet sizes. Note that the figures given are merely examples - sizes may differ according to application and circumstances.
Chapter 21 Bandwidth Management 21.5 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management You could also create bandwidth classes based on a combination of a subnet and an application. The following example table shows bandwidth allocations for application specific traffic from separate LAN subnets.
Chapter 21 Bandwidth Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 134 Bandwidth Management: General LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select the check box to enable bandwidth management. Auto Classifier Select the check box to enable Automatic Traffic Classifier (ATC). ATC assigns each packet to a bandwidth management class based on its size, since time-sensitive applications such as VoIP tend to have smaller packet sizes than non-time sensitive applications such as FTP.
Chapter 21 Bandwidth Management Table 135 Bandwidth Management: Rule Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Bandwidth (kbps) Specify the maximum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kbps. The recommendation is a setting between 20 kbps and 20000 kbps for an individual rule. If you want to leave some bandwidth for traffic that does not match a bandwidth filter, make sure that the interface’s root class has more bandwidth than the sum of the bandwidths of the interface’s bandwidth management rules.
Chapter 21 Bandwidth Management The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 136 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration LABEL DESCRIPTION Rule Configuration Rule Name Use the auto-generated name or enter a descriptive name of up to 20 alphanumeric characters, including spaces. BW Budget Specify the maximum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kbps. The recommendation is a setting between 20 kbps and 20000 kbps for an individual rule.
Chapter 21 Bandwidth Management Table 136 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Source Port Enter the port number of the source. See Appendix E on page 475 for some common services and port numbers. Protocol Select the protocol (TCP or UDP) or select User defined and enter the protocol (service type) number. 0 means any protocol number. Back Click Back to go to the previous screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
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CHAPTER 22 Dynamic DNS Setup This chapter discusses how to configure your ZyXEL Device to use Dynamic DNS. 22.1 Dynamic DNS Overview Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.
Chapter 22 Dynamic DNS Setup Figure 192 Dynamic DNS The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 137 Dynamic DNS LABEL DESCRIPTION Dynamic DNS Setup Active Dynamic DNS Select this check box to use dynamic DNS. Service Provider This is the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider. Dynamic DNS Type Select the type of service that you are registered for from your Dynamic DNS service provider. Host Name Type the domain name assigned to your ZyXEL Device by your Dynamic DNS provider.
Chapter 22 Dynamic DNS Setup Table 137 Dynamic DNS (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Dynamic DNS server auto detect IP Address Select this option only when there are one or more NAT routers between the ZyXEL Device and the DDNS server. This feature has the DDNS server automatically detect and use the IP address of the NAT router that has a public IP address. Note: The DDNS server may not be able to detect the proper IP address if there is an HTTP proxy server between the ZyXEL Device and the DDNS server.
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CHAPTER 23 Remote Management Configuration This chapter provides information on configuring remote management. 23.1 Remote Management Overview Remote management allows you to determine which services/protocols can access which ZyXEL Device interface (if any) from which computers. The following figure shows secure and insecure management of the ZyXEL Device coming in from the WAN. HTTPS and SSH access are secure. HTTP and Telnet access are not secure.
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration " When you choose WAN only or LAN & WAN, you still need to configure a firewall rule to allow access. To disable remote management of a service, select Disable in the corresponding Access Status field. You may only have one remote management session running at a time. The ZyXEL Device automatically disconnects a remote management session of lower priority when another remote management session of higher priority starts.
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration 23.2 Introduction to HTTPS HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer, or HTTP over SSL) is a web protocol that encrypts and decrypts web pages. Secure Socket Layer (SSL) is an applicationlevel protocol that enables secure transactions of data by ensuring confidentiality (an unauthorized party cannot read the transferred data), authentication (one party can identify the other party) and data integrity (you know if data has been changed).
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration 23.3 HTTP To change your ZyXEL Device’s World Wide Web settings, click Advanced > Remote MGMT to display the HTTP screen. Figure 195 Remote Management: HTTP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 138 Remote Management: HTTP LABEL DESCRIPTION HTTP Port You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration Table 138 Remote Management: HTTP LABEL DESCRIPTION Access Status Select a ZyXEL Device interface from Access Status on which incoming HTTPS access is allowed. You can allow only secure web configurator access by setting the HTTP Access Status field to Disable and setting the HTTPS Access Status field to an interface(s). Secure Client IP A secure client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration Figure 197 Remote Management: Telnet The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 139 Remote Management: Telnet LABEL DESCRIPTION Port You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management. Access Status Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration Figure 198 Remote Management: FTP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 140 Remote Management: FTP LABEL DESCRIPTION Port You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management. Access Status Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration Figure 199 SNMP Management Model An SNMP managed network consists of two main types of component: agents and a manager. An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the ZyXEL Device). An agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform network management functions.
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration 23.7.2 SNMP Traps The ZyXEL Device will send traps to the SNMP manager when any one of the following events occurs: Table 141 SNMP Traps TRAP # TRAP NAME DESCRIPTION 0 coldStart (defined in RFC-1215) A trap is sent after booting (power on). 1 warmStart (defined in RFC-1215) A trap is sent after booting (software reboot).
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 142 Remote Management: SNMP LABEL DESCRIPTION SNMP Port You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management. Access Status Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration Figure 201 Remote Management: DNS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 143 Remote Management: DNS LABEL DESCRIPTION Port The DNS service port number is 53 and cannot be changed here. Access Status Select the interface(s) through which a computer may send DNS queries to the ZyXEL Device. Secured Client IP A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to send DNS queries to the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration Figure 202 Remote Management: ICMP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 144 Remote Management: ICMP LABEL DESCRIPTION ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and error-reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to the application user.
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration Figure 203 SSH Communication Over the WAN Example 23.11 How SSH Works The following table summarizes how a secure connection is established between two remote hosts. Figure 204 How SSH Works 1 Host Identification The SSH client sends a connection request to the SSH server. The server identifies itself with a host key. The client encrypts a randomly generated session key with the host key and server key and sends the result back to the server.
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration 23.12 SSH Implementation on the ZyXEL Device Your ZyXEL Device supports SSH version 1.5 using RSA authentication and three encryption methods (DES, 3DES and Blowfish). The SSH server is implemented on the ZyXEL Device for remote SMT management and file transfer on port 22. Only one SSH connection is allowed at a time. 23.12.
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration Table 145 ADVANCED > REMOTE MGMT > SSH LABEL DESCRIPTION Access Status Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the ZyXEL Device using this service. Secure Client IP A secure client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the ZyXEL Device using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration Enter “telnet 192.168.1.1 22” at a terminal prompt and press [ENTER]. The computer attempts to connect to port 22 on the ZyXEL Device (using the default IP address of 192.168.1.1). A message displays indicating the SSH protocol version supported by the ZyXEL Device. Figure 207 SSH Example 2: Test $ telnet 192.168.1.1 22 Trying 192.168.1.1... Connected to 192.168.1.1. Escape character is '^]'. SSH-1.5-1.0.0 2 Enter “ssh –1 192.168.1.1”.
Chapter 23 Remote Management Configuration Figure 209 Secure FTP: Firmware Upload Example $ sftp -1 192.168.1.1 Connecting to 192.168.1.1... The authenticity of host '192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1)' can't be established. RSA1 key fingerprint is 21:6c:07:25:7e:f4:75:80:ec:af:bd:d4:3d:80:53:d1. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.1' (RSA1) to the list of known hosts. Administrator@192.168.1.1's password: sftp> put firmware.bin ras Uploading firmware.
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CHAPTER 24 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the web configurator. 24.1 Introducing Universal Plug and Play Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network.
Chapter 24 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For security reasons, the ZyXEL Device allows multicast messages on the LAN only. All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention. 24.2 UPnP and ZyXEL ZyXEL has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum UPnP™ Implementers Corp. (UIC).
Chapter 24 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Table 146 Configuring UPnP LABEL DESCRIPTION Allow UPnP to pass through Firewall Select this check box to allow traffic from UPnP-enabled applications to bypass the firewall. Clear this check box to have the firewall block all UPnP application packets (for example, MSN packets). Apply Click Apply to save the setting to the ZyXEL Device. Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previously saved settings. 24.
Chapter 24 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 212 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components 4 Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click Next. 5 Restart the computer when prompted. Installing UPnP in Windows XP Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP. 1 Click Start and Control Panel. 2 Double-click Network Connections. 3 In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu and select Optional Networking Components ….
Chapter 24 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 214 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard 5 In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box. Figure 215 Networking Services 6 Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard window and click Next.
Chapter 24 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 24.4 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the ZyXEL Device. Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the ZyXEL Device. Turn on your computer and the ZyXEL Device. Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device 1 Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under Internet Gateway.
Chapter 24 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 217 Internet Connection Properties 4 You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings.
Chapter 24 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 218 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings Figure 219 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add 5 When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings will be deleted automatically. 6 Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in the system tray.
Chapter 24 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 220 System Tray Icon 7 Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status. Figure 221 Internet Connection Status Web Configurator Easy Access With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the ZyXEL Device without finding out the IP address of the ZyXEL Device first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the ZyXEL Device. Follow the steps below to access the web configurator.
Chapter 24 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 222 Network Connections 4 An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network. 5 Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Invoke. The web configurator login screen displays.
Chapter 24 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Figure 223 Network Connections: My Network Places 6 Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic information about the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 24 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 372 P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide
P ART VII Maintenance and Troubleshooting System (375) Call History (381) Logs (387) Troubleshooting (401) Tools (407) Diagnostic (419) Product Specifications (423) 373
CHAPTER 25 System Use this screen to configure the ZyXEL Device’s time and date settings. 25.1 General Setup and System Name General Setup contains administrative and system-related information. System Name is for identification purposes. However, because some ISPs check this name you should enter your computer's "Computer Name". • In Windows 95/98 click Start, Settings, Control Panel, Network. Click the Identification tab, note the entry for the Computer Name field and enter it as the System Name.
Chapter 25 System Figure 225 System General Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 147 System General Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION General Setup System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. It is recommended you enter your computer’s “Computer name” in this field. This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes “-” and underscores "_" are accepted. Domain Name Enter the domain name (if you know it) here.
Chapter 25 System 25.2 Time Setting To change your ZyXEL Device’s time and date, click Maintenance > System > Time Setting. The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the ZyXEL Device’s time based on your local time zone. Figure 226 System Time Setting The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 148 System Time Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION Current Time and Date Current Time This field displays the time of your ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 25 System Table 148 System Time Setting (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Manual Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you configure a new time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, the new time and date you entered has priority and the Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect it. When you enter the time settings manually, the ZyXEL Device uses the new setting once you click Apply.
Chapter 25 System Table 148 System Time Setting (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Enable Daylight Saving. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples: Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the first Sunday of November. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select First, Sunday, November and 2:00.
Chapter 25 System 380 P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide
CHAPTER 26 Call History This chapter contains information about configuring call history settings and viewing the ZyXEL Device’s phone call records. 26.1 Call History Overview Call history chronicles incoming and outgoing PSTN and VoIP calls. You can choose the frequency with which the ZyXEL Device saves details of phone calls, and send these records to an administrator (as e-mail) or to a mail server.
Chapter 26 Call History Figure 227 Call History > Summary The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 149 Call History > Summary LABEL DESCRIPTION Type of Summary This field displays the time period for which the entry applies. Start Time This field displays the start time of the first incoming or outgoing call in the time period. End Time This field displays the end time of the last incoming or outgoing call in the time period.
Chapter 26 Call History Figure 228 Call History > Call History The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 150 Call History > Call History LABEL DESCRIPTION View Call History Select the type of call you want to view • All Call History • Missed Calls • Dialed Calls • Received Calls Select All Call History to view the call history of all types of calls Select Missed Calls to view the history of the incoming calls you did not pick up.
Chapter 26 Call History 26.4 Configuring Call History Settings Use the Call History Settings screen to configure where the ZyXEL Device is to send call history records, and the schedule for saving and sending the records. To change your ZyXEL Device’s call history settings, click Maintenance > Call History > Call History Settings. The screen appears as follows.
Chapter 26 Call History The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 151 Call History > Call History Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION E-mail Call History Settings Mail Server Enter the server name or the IP address of the mail server for the e-mail addresses specified below. If this field is left blank, call history records will not be sent. Mail Subject Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the call history e-mail messages the ZyXEL Device sends.
Chapter 26 Call History Table 151 Call History > Call History Settings 386 LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previously saved settings.
CHAPTER 27 Logs This chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and viewing the ZyXEL Device’s logs. 27.1 Logs Overview The web configurator allows you to choose which categories of events and/or alerts to have the ZyXEL Device log and then display the logs or have the ZyXEL Device send them to an administrator (as e-mail) or to a syslog server. 27.1.1 Alerts and Logs An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention.
Chapter 27 Logs Figure 230 View Log The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 152 View Log LABEL DESCRIPTION Display The categories that you select in the Log Settings screen display in the drop-down list box. Select a category of logs to view; select All Logs to view logs from all of the log categories that you selected in the Log Settings page.
Chapter 27 Logs Figure 231 Log Settings The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 153 Log Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION E-mail Log Settings Mail Server Enter the server name or the IP address of the mail server for the e-mail addresses specified below. If this field is left blank, logs and alert messages will not be sent via E-mail. Mail Subject Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the log e-mail message that the ZyXEL Device sends.
Chapter 27 Logs Table 153 Log Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION Send Alerts to Alerts are real-time notifications that are sent as soon as an event, such as a DoS attack, system error, or forbidden web access attempt occurs. Enter the E-mail address where the alert messages will be sent. Alerts include system errors, attacks and attempted access to blocked web sites. If this field is left blank, alert messages will not be sent via E-mail.
Chapter 27 Logs “SMTP action request failed. ret= ??". The “??"are described in the following table. Table 154 SMTP Error Messages -1 means ZyXEL Device out of socket -2 means tcp SYN fail -3 means smtp server OK fail -4 means HELO fail -5 means MAIL FROM fail -6 means RCPT TO fail -7 means DATA fail -8 means mail data send fail 27.4.1 Example E-mail Log An "End of Log" message displays for each mail in which a complete log has been sent. The following is an example of a log sent by e-mail.
Chapter 27 Logs 27.5 Log Descriptions This section provides descriptions of example log messages. Table 155 System Maintenance Logs 392 LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION Time calibration is successful The router has adjusted its time based on information from the time server. Time calibration failed The router failed to get information from the time server. WAN interface gets IP: %s A WAN interface got a new IP address from the DHCP, PPPoE, PPTP or dial-up server.
Chapter 27 Logs Table 156 System Error Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION %s exceeds the max. number of session per host! This attempt to create a NAT session exceeds the maximum number of NAT session table entries allowed to be created per host. setNetBIOSFilter: calloc error The router failed to allocate memory for the NetBIOS filter settings. readNetBIOSFilter: calloc error The router failed to allocate memory for the NetBIOS filter settings. WAN connection is down. A WAN connection is down.
Chapter 27 Logs Table 158 TCP Reset Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION Exceed MAX incomplete, sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when the number of incomplete connections (TCP and UDP) exceeded the userconfigured threshold. (Incomplete count is for all TCP and UDP connections through the firewall.
Chapter 27 Logs Table 161 CDR Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION board %d line %d channel %d, call %d, %s C02 OutCall Connected %d %s The PPPoE, PPTP or dial-up call is connected. board %d line %d channel %d, call %d, %s C02 Call Terminated The PPPoE, PPTP or dial-up call was disconnected. Table 162 PPP Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION ppp:LCP Starting The PPP connection’s Link Control Protocol stage has started. ppp:LCP Opening The PPP connection’s Link Control Protocol stage is opening.
Chapter 27 Logs Table 165 Attack Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION ip spoofing - WAN [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ] The firewall detected an IP spoofing attack on the WAN port. ip spoofing - WAN ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP IP spoofing attack on the WAN port. icmp echo : ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP echo attack. syn flood TCP The firewall detected a TCP syn flood attack. ports scan TCP The firewall detected a TCP port scan attack.
Chapter 27 Logs Table 166 802.1X Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION User logout because of no authentication response from user. The router logged out a user from which there was no authentication response. User logout because of idle timeout expired. The router logged out a user whose idle timeout period expired. User logout because of user request. A user logged out. Local User Database does not support authentication method.
Chapter 27 Logs Table 168 ICMP Notes (continued) TYPE CODE DESCRIPTION 0 A gateway may discard internet datagrams if it does not have the buffer space needed to queue the datagrams for output to the next network on the route to the destination network.
Chapter 27 Logs Table 170 SIP Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION SIP UnRegistration Success by SIP:SIP Phone Number The listed SIP account’s registration was deleted from the SIP register server. SIP UnRegistration Fail by SIP:SIP Phone Number An attempt to delete the listed SIP account’s registration from the SIP register server failed. Table 171 RTP Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION Error, RTP init fail The initialization of an RTP session failed.
Chapter 27 Logs The following table shows RFC-2408 ISAKMP payload types that the log displays. Please refer to RFC 2408 for detailed information on each type.
CHAPTER 28 Troubleshooting This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. • • • • Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ZyXEL Device Access and Login Internet Access Phone Calls and VoIP 28.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs V The ZyXEL Device does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on. 1 Make sure the ZyXEL Device is turned on.
Chapter 28 Troubleshooting 28.2 ZyXEL Device Access and Login V I forgot the IP address for the ZyXEL Device. 1 The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. 2 If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the ZyXEL Device by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd, and then enter ipconfig.
Chapter 28 Troubleshooting 5 Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the ZyXEL Device with the default IP address. See Section 1.6 on page 47. 6 If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. Advanced Suggestions • Try to access the ZyXEL Device using another service, such as Telnet.
Chapter 28 Troubleshooting 28.3 Internet Access V I cannot access the Internet. 1 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.5 on page 46. 2 Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
Chapter 28 Troubleshooting • Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider raising or lowering the priority for some applications. 28.4 Phone Calls and VoIP V The telephone port won’t work or the telephone lacks a dial tone. Check the telephone connections and telephone wire. Make sure you have the VoIP SIP Settings screen properly configured. V I can access the Internet, but cannot make VoIP calls.
Chapter 28 Troubleshooting 406 P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide
CHAPTER 29 Tools This chapter explains how to upload new firmware, manage configuration files and restart your ZyXEL Device. 1 Do not interrupt the file transfer process as this may PERMANENTLY DAMAGE your ZyXEL Device. 29.1 Introduction Use the instructions in this chapter to change the device’s configuration file or upgrade its firmware. After you configure your device, you can backup the configuration file to a computer.
Chapter 29 Tools ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System sometimes referred to as the “ras” file) is the system firmware and has a “bin” filename extension. Find this firmware at www.zyxel.com.With many FTP and TFTP clients, the filenames are similar to those seen next. ftp> put firmware.bin ras This is a sample FTP session showing the transfer of the computer file "firmware.bin" to the ZyXEL Device. ftp> get rom-0 config.
Chapter 29 Tools 29.4 Firmware Upgrade Screen Click Maintenance > Tools to open the Firmware screen. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your ZyXEL Device. The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot. See Section 29.9 on page 416 for upgrading firmware using FTP/TFTP commands.
Chapter 29 Tools Figure 234 Firmware Upload In Progress The ZyXEL Device automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop. Figure 235 Network Temporarily Disconnected After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen. If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the Firmware screen. Figure 236 Error Message 29.
Chapter 29 Tools Figure 237 Configuration 29.5.1 Backup Configuration Backup Configuration allows you to back up (save) the ZyXEL Device’s current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your ZyXEL Device is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings.
Chapter 29 Tools Figure 238 Configuration Upload Successful The ZyXEL Device automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop. Figure 239 Network Temporarily Disconnected If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default device IP address (192.168.1.1).
Chapter 29 Tools Figure 242 Reset In Process Message You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory defaults of your ZyXEL Device. Refer to Section 1.6 on page 47 for more information on the RESET button. 29.6 Restart System restart allows you to reboot the ZyXEL Device without turning the power off. Click Maintenance > Tools > Restart. Click Restart to have the ZyXEL Device reboot. This does not affect the ZyXEL Device's configuration. Figure 243 Restart Screen 29.
Chapter 29 Tools computer and renames it “config.rom”. See earlier in this chapter for more information on filename conventions. 7 Enter “quit” to exit the ftp prompt. 29.7.2 FTP Command Configuration Backup Example This figure gives an example of using FTP commands from the DOS command prompt to save your device’s configuration onto your computer. Figure 244 FTP Session Example 331 Enter PASS command Password: 230 Logged in ftp> bin 200 Type I OK ftp> get rom-0 zyxel.
Chapter 29 Tools 1 Use telnet from your computer to connect to the ZyXEL Device and log in. Because TFTP does not have any security checks, the ZyXEL Device records the IP address of the telnet client and accepts TFTP requests only from this address. 2 Enter command “sys stdio 0” to disable the management idle timeout, so the TFTP transfer will not be interrupted. Enter command “sys stdio 5” to restore the fiveminute management idle timeout (default) when the file transfer is complete.
Chapter 29 Tools 29.8 Using FTP or TFTP to Restore Configuration This section shows you how to restore a previously saved configuration. Note that this function erases the current configuration before restoring a previous back up configuration; please do not attempt to restore unless you have a backup configuration file stored on disk. FTP is the preferred method for restoring your current computer configuration to your device since FTP is faster.
Chapter 29 Tools 29.9.1 FTP File Upload Command from the DOS Prompt Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 Launch the FTP client on your computer. Enter “open”, followed by a space and the IP address of your device. Press [ENTER] when prompted for a username. Enter your password as requested (the default is “1234”). Enter “bin” to set transfer mode to binary. Use “put” to transfer files from the computer to the device, for example, “put firmware.bin ras” transfers the firmware on your computer (firmware.
Chapter 29 Tools 2 Enter the command “sys stdio 0” to disable the management idle timeout, so the TFTP transfer will not be interrupted. Enter “command sys stdio 5” to restore the five-minute management idle timeout (default) when the file transfer is complete. 3 Launch the TFTP client on your computer and connect to the device. Set the transfer mode to binary before starting data transfer. 4 Use the TFTP client (see the example below) to transfer files between the device and the computer.
CHAPTER 30 Diagnostic These read-only screens display information to help you identify problems with the ZyXEL Device. 30.1 General Diagnostic Click Maintenance > Diagnostic to open the screen shown next. Figure 247 Diagnostic: General The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 181 Diagnostic: General LABEL DESCRIPTION TCP/IP Address Type the IP address of a computer that you want to ping in order to test a connection.
Chapter 30 Diagnostic Figure 248 Diagnostic: DSL Line The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 182 Diagnostic: DSL Line 420 LABEL DESCRIPTION ATM Status Click this button to view your DSL connection’s Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) statistics. ATM is a networking technology that provides high-speed data transfer. ATM uses fixed-size packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of Service) can be guaranteed.
Chapter 30 Diagnostic Table 182 Diagnostic: DSL Line (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION DSL Line Status Click this button to view statistics about the DSL connections. noise margin downstream is the signal to noise ratio for the downstream part of the connection (coming into the ZyXEL Device from the ISP). It is measured in decibels. The higher the number the more signal and less noise there is. output power upstream is the amount of power (in decibels) that the ZyXEL Device is using to transmit to the ISP.
Chapter 30 Diagnostic 422 P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide
CHAPTER 31 Product Specifications The following tables summarize the ZyXEL Device’s hardware and firmware features. 31.1 Hardware Specifications Table 183 Hardware Specifications SPECIFICATION DESCRIPTION Dimensions (W x D x H) 168 x 37 x 248 mm Weight 390g Power Specification 18VDC 1A Built-in Switch Four auto-negotiating, auto MDI/MDI-X 10/100 Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet ports PHONE Ports 2 RJ-11 FXS POTS ports.
Chapter 31 Product Specifications Table 184 Firmware Specifications (continued) Device Management Use the web configurator to easily configure the rich range of features on the ZyXEL Device. Wireless Functionality Allow the IEEE 802.11b and/or IEEE 802.11g wireless clients to connect to the ZyXEL Device wirelessly. Enable wireless security (WEP, WPA(2), WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC filtering to protect your wireless network.
Chapter 31 Product Specifications Table 184 Firmware Specifications (continued) Zero Configuration Internet Access Once you connect and turn on the device, it automatically detects the Internet connection settings (such as the VCI/VPI numbers and the encapsulation method) from the ISP and makes the necessary configuration changes.
Chapter 31 Product Specifications Table 184 Firmware Specifications (continued) 426 ADSL Standards Support ITU G.992.1 G.dmt (Annex B, U-R2) EOC specified in ITU-T G.992.1 ADSL2 G.dmt.bis (G.992.3) ADSL2 G.lite.bis (G.992.4) ADSL 2/2+ AnnexM ADSL2+ (G.992.
Chapter 31 Product Specifications Table 184 Firmware Specifications (continued) NAT/SUA Port Forwarding 1024 NAT sessions Multimedia application PPTP under NAT/SUA IPSec passthrough SIP ALG passthrough VPN 2 IPSec tunnels IKE and Manual Key Management AH and ESP Protocol DES, 3DES and AES Encryption SHA-1 and MD5 Authentication Tunnel and Transport Mode Encapsulation IPSec NAT Traversal NETBIOS pass-through for IPSec 31.
Chapter 31 Product Specifications Table 185 Voice Features 428 Country Code Phone standards and settings differ from one country to another, so the settings on your ZyXEL Device must be configured to match those of the country you are in. The country code feature allows you to do this by selecting the country from a list rather than changing each setting manually. Configure the country code feature when you move the ZyXEL Device from one country to another.
Chapter 31 Product Specifications Table 185 Voice Features Multiple SIP Accounts You can simultaneously use multiple voice (SIP) accounts and assign them to one or both telephone ports. Multiple Voice Channels Your device can simultaneously handle multiple voice channels (telephone calls). Additionally you can answer an incoming phone call on a VoIP account, even while someone else is using the account for a phone call.
Chapter 31 Product Specifications Table 186 Wireless Features Association List This feature allows you to know which wireless stations are currently associated with the ZyXEL Device. You can block the individual wireless station in the association list screen from accessing the ZyXEL Device. WEP Encryption WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encrypts data frames before transmitting over the wireless network to help keep network communications private.
Chapter 31 Product Specifications Table 187 IEEE 802.11g " DATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION 5.5 / 11 CCK (Complementary Code Keying) 6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Your device may be prone to RF (Radio Frequency) interference from other 2.4 GHz devices such as microwave ovens, wireless phones, Bluetooth enabled devices, and other wireless LANs. 31.
Chapter 31 Product Specifications 432 P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide
P ART VIII Appendices and Index Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address (435) Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions (447) IP Addresses and Subnetting (453) Wireless LANs (461) Services (475) Legal Information (479) Customer Support (483) Index (489) 433
APPENDIX A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address All computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter card and TCP/IP installed. Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to install and use TCP/IP on your computer. Windows 3.1 requires the purchase of a third-party TCP/IP application package.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address Figure 249 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: Configuration Installing Components The Network window Configuration tab displays a list of installed components. You need a network adapter, the TCP/IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks. If you need the adapter: 1 In the Network window, click Add. 2 Select Adapter and then click Add. 3 Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter and then click OK.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address Configuring 1 In the Network window Configuration tab, select your network adapter's TCP/IP entry and click Properties 2 Click the IP Address tab. • If your IP address is dynamic, select Obtain an IP address automatically. • If you have a static IP address, select Specify an IP address and type your information into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields. Figure 250 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address 3 Click the DNS Configuration tab.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address Figure 251 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration 4 Click the Gateway tab. • If you do not know your gateway’s IP address, remove previously installed gateways. • If you have a gateway IP address, type it in the New gateway field and click Add. 5 Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP Properties window. 6 Click OK to close the Network window. Insert the Windows CD if prompted.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address Figure 252 Windows XP: Start Menu 2 For Windows XP, click Network Connections. For Windows 2000/NT, click Network and Dial-up Connections. Figure 253 Windows XP: Control Panel 3 Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address Figure 254 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties 4 Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (under the General tab in Win XP) and click Properties. Figure 255 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties 5 The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens (the General tab in Windows XP). • If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address Figure 256 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Settings 6 If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP Settings tab and click OK. Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses: • In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add. • In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask, and then click Add.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them. Figure 257 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties 8 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. 9 Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window. 10 Turn on your ZyXEL Device and restart your computer (if prompted). Verifying Settings 1 Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address Figure 258 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu 2 Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list. Figure 259 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP 3 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP Server from the Configure: list.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 4 For statically assigned settings, do the following: • From the Configure box, select Manually. • Type your IP address in the IP Address box. • Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box. • Type the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in the Router address box. 5 Close the TCP/IP Control Panel. 6 Click Save if prompted, to save changes to your configuration. 7 Turn on your ZyXEL Device and restart your computer (if prompted).
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address Figure 261 Macintosh OS X: Network 4 For statically assigned settings, do the following: • From the Configure box, select Manually. • Type your IP address in the IP Address box. • Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box. • Type the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in the Router address box. 5 Click Apply Now and close the window. 6 Turn on your ZyXEL Device and restart your computer (if prompted).
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 446 P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide
APPENDIX B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions In order to use the web configurator you need to allow: • Web browser pop-up windows from your device. • JavaScripts (enabled by default). • Java permissions (enabled by default). " Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary. Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device.
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 2 Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 263 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Click Apply to save this setting. Enable pop-up Blockers with Exceptions Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps. 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab.
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Figure 264 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1. 4 Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 5 Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6 Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScripts If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed. 1 In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 266 Internet Options: Security 2 3 4 5 6 450 Click the Custom Level... button. Scroll down to Scripting.
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Figure 267 Security Settings - Java Scripting Java Permissions 1 2 3 4 5 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Click the Custom Level... button. Scroll down to Microsoft VM. Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected. Click OK to close the window.
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions JAVA (Sun) 1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2 Make sure that Use Java 2 for
APPENDIX C IP Addresses and Subnetting This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts. Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Figure 270 Network Number and Host ID How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask. Subnet Masks A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “subnetwork”. A subnet mask has 32 bits.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks. Table 190 Subnet Masks BINARY DECIMAL 1ST OCTET 2ND OCTET 3RD OCTET 4TH OCTET 8-bit mask 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.0 16-bit mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.0 24-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 192 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation (continued) SUBNET MASK ALTERNATIVE NOTATION LAST OCTET (BINARY) LAST OCTET (DECIMAL) 255.255.255.192 /26 1100 0000 192 255.255.255.224 /27 1110 0000 224 255.255.255.240 /28 1111 0000 240 255.255.255.248 /29 1111 1000 248 255.255.255.252 /30 1111 1100 252 Subnetting You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Figure 272 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address). 192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 194 Subnet 2 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE IP Address 192.168.1. 64 IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000 Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Subnet Address: 192.168.1.64 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65 Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.127 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126 Table 195 Subnet 3 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE IP Address 192.168.1.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 197 Eight Subnets (continued) SUBNET SUBNET ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST ADDRESS BROADCAST ADDRESS 5 128 129 158 159 6 160 161 190 191 7 192 193 222 223 8 224 225 254 255 Subnet Planning The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number. Table 198 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 1 255.255.255.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 199 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning (continued) NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 14 255.255.255.252 (/30) 16384 2 15 255.255.255.254 (/31) 32768 1 Configuring IP Addresses Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.
APPENDIX D Wireless LANs Wireless LAN Topologies This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies. Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS).
Appendix D Wireless LANs Figure 274 Basic Service Set ESS An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS). This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood.
Appendix D Wireless LANs Figure 275 Infrastructure WLAN Channel A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance.
Appendix D Wireless LANs Figure 276 RTS/CTS When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations. RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes.
Appendix D Wireless LANs If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. Preamble Type Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet.
Appendix D Wireless LANs Wireless security methods available on the Product Name [short] are data encryption, wireless client authentication, restricting access by device MAC address and hiding the Product Name [short] identity. The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on your Product Name [short].
Appendix D Wireless LANs Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network. • Accounting Keeps track of the client’s network activity. RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless client and the network RADIUS server.
Appendix D Wireless LANs For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used to authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner. EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5) MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless client.
Appendix D Wireless LANs Dynamic WEP Key Exchange The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed. If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless security configuration screen.
Appendix D Wireless LANs Encryption Both WPA and WPA2 improve data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA and WPA2 use Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP) to offer stronger encryption than TKIP. TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server.
Appendix D Wireless LANs Wireless Client WPA Supplicants A wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client. The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it.
Appendix D Wireless LANs 3 The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID. 4 The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged between them.
Appendix D Wireless LANs Antenna Overview An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air. Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN. Antenna Characteristics Frequency An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g) or 5GHz (IEEE 802.
Appendix D Wireless LANs Positioning Antennas In general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In point-to–point application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to each other to attain the best performance. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down.
APPENDIX E Services The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. • Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like. • Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number.
Appendix E Services Table 204 Examples of Services (continued) 476 NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION H.323 TCP 1720 NetMeeting uses this protocol. HTTP TCP 80 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/ server protocol for the world wide web. HTTPS TCP 443 HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce. ICMP User-Defined 1 Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic purposes. ICQ UDP 4000 This is a popular Internet chat program.
Appendix E Services Table 204 Examples of Services (continued) NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION PPTP_TUNNEL (GRE) User-Defined 47 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel. RCMD TCP 512 Remote Command Service. REAL_AUDIO TCP 7070 A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web. REXEC TCP 514 Remote Execution Daemon. RLOGIN TCP 513 Remote Login.
Appendix E Services Table 204 Examples of Services (continued) 478 NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION TFTP UDP 69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). VDOLIVE TCP UDP 7000 userdefined A videoconferencing solution. The UDP port number is specified in the application.
APPENDIX F Legal Information Copyright Copyright © 2006 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation. Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Appendix F Legal Information If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: 1 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. 2 Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. 3 Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
Appendix F Legal Information 2 Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page. 3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page. ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase.
Appendix F Legal Information 482 P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide
APPENDIX G Customer Support Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support. Required Information • • • • Product model and serial number. Warranty Information. Date that you received your device. Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it. “+” is the (prefix) number you dial to make an international telephone call. Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide) • • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.tw Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.
Appendix G Customer Support • Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Czech s.r.o., Modranská 621, 143 01 Praha 4 Modrany, Ceská Republika Denmark • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.dk Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.dk Telephone: +45-39-55-07-00 Fax: +45-39-55-07-07 Web: www.zyxel.dk Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Columbusvej, 2860 Soeborg, Denmark Finland • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.fi Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.fi Telephone: +358-9-4780-8411 Fax: +358-9-4780-8448 Web: www.zyxel.
Appendix G Customer Support India • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.in Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.in Telephone: +91-11-30888144 to +91-11-30888153 Fax: +91-11-30888149, +91-11-26810715 Web: http://www.zyxel.in Regular Mail: India - ZyXEL Technology India Pvt Ltd., II-Floor, F2/9 Okhla Phase -1, New Delhi 110020, India Japan • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.jp Sales E-mail: zyp@zyxel.co.jp Telephone: +81-3-6847-3700 Fax: +81-3-6847-3705 Web: www.zyxel.co.
Appendix G Customer Support • Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Inc., 1130 N. Miller St., Anaheim, CA 928062001, U.S.A. Norway • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.no Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.no Telephone: +47-22-80-61-80 Fax: +47-22-80-61-81 Web: www.zyxel.no Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Nils Hansens vei 13, 0667 Oslo, Norway Poland • • • • • E-mail: info@pl.zyxel.com Telephone: +48-22-333 8250 Fax: +48-22-333 8251 Web: www.pl.zyxel.com Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, ul.
Appendix G Customer Support Sweden • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.se Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.se Telephone: +46-31-744-7700 Fax: +46-31-744-7701 Web: www.zyxel.se Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg, Sweden Thailand • • • • • • Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.th Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.th Telephone: +662-831-5315 Fax: +662-831-5395 Web: http://www.zyxel.co.th Regular Mail: ZyXEL Thailand Co., Ltd.
Appendix G Customer Support 488 P-2602HWLNI User’s Guide
Index Index A AAL5 426 ACK message 173 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 121 ADSL2 426 Advanced Encryption Standard See AES.
Index importing 304 remote hosts 319 revoked 302 trusted CAs 311, 313 verifying 318 Certification Authority (CA) 301 certifications 479 notices 480 viewing 480 change password at login 50 channel 463 interference 463 channel ID 134 checking the device’s IP address 229 Class of Service 177 client-server protocol 170 codecs 429 comfort noise generation 184, 429 Complementary Code Keying Modulation 431 configuration 118 configuration file 407 contact information 483 content filtering 265 categories 265 schedu
Index emergency numbers 206 encapsulated routing link protocol (ENET ENCAP) 101 encapsulation 101, 271 ENET ENCAP 101 PPP over Ethernet 101 PPPoA 102 RFC 1483 102 encapsulation security payload 275 encryption 269, 470 ESP 271 ESP protocol 275 ESS 462 Europe type call service mode 195 Extended Service Set IDentification 134 Extended Service Set, See ESS 462 extended wireless security 74 external antenna 429 external RADIUS 430 F F4/F5 OAM 426 FCC interference statement 479 filename conventions 407, 408 fir
Index IEEE 802.11i 430 IEEE 802.
Index multiple SIP accounts 429 multiple voice channels 429 multiplexing 102 LLC-based 102 VC-based 102 multiprotocol encapsulation 102 music on hold 428 my IP address 276 N nailed-up connection 103 NAT 119, 160, 460 address mapping rule 164 application 156 definitions 155 how it works 156 mapping types 157 what it does 156 NAT (Network Address Translation) 155 NAT mode 159 NAT sessions 427 NAT traversal 280, 361 negotiation mode 289 NetBIOS commands 238 Network Address Translation see NAT O OAM 426 OFDM
Index Q QoS 176, 429 Quality of Service 176, 429 quick dialing 429 Quick Start Guide 49 R RADIUS 430, 466 message types 467 messages 467 shared secret key 467 Reach-Extended ADSL 426 Real time Transport Protocol 173 real-time e-mail alerts 426 recurity ramifications 246 region 428 registration product 481 reinitialize the ADSL line 421 related documentation 3 remote hosts, and certificates 316 remote management and certificates 345 and HTTPS 345 and private/public keys 345 and SSL 345 how SSH works 355 HT
Index SIP ALG 429 SIP ALG passthrough 426 SIP Application Layer Gateway 429 SIP authentication password 80 SIP authentication user ID 80 SIP call progression 173 SIP client 170 SIP identities 169 SIP INVITE request 173, 174 SIP number 80, 169 SIP OK response 175 SIP proxy server 170 SIP redirect server 171 SIP register server 172 SIP server address 80 SIP servers 170 SIP service domain 80, 170 SIP URI 169 SIP user agent 170 SIP version 2 429 SMTP error messages 390 smurf 237 SNMP 349, 426 manager 350 MIBs
Index upper layer protocols 240, 241 USA type call service mode 196 using speed dial 227 V VAD 184, 429 VBR (Variable Bit Rate) 113 VBR-nRT 109 VBR-RT 109 Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) 102 Virtual Circuit (VC) 102 Virtual Local Area Network 177 Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) 102 Virtual Private Network 269, 425 VLAN 177 VLAN group 177 VLAN ID 177 VLAN ID tags 177 voice activity detection 184, 429 voice channels 429 voice coding 175 VoIP 169 ring selection 202 testing rings 203, 205 VoIP links 211 VoIP s
