VSG1435-B101 802.11n Wireless VDSL2 4-port Gateway with HPNA Default Login Details IP Address http://192.168.1.1 User Name admin Password 1234 Firmware Version 1.10 Edition 1, 9/2010 www.zyxel.com www.zyxel.
About This User's Guide About This User's Guide Intended Audience This manual is intended for people who want to configure the ZyXEL Device using the web configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking concepts and topology. Related Documentation • Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.
About This User's Guide • Download Library Search for the latest product updates and documentation from this link. Read the Tech Doc Overview to find out how to efficiently use the User Guide, Quick Start Guide and Command Line Interface Reference Guide in order to better understand how to use your product. • Knowledge Base If you have a specific question about your product, the answer may be here. This is a collection of answers to previously asked questions about ZyXEL products.
Document Conventions Document Conventions Warnings and Notes These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide. Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device. Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations. Syntax Conventions • The VSG1435-B101 may be referred to as the “ZyXEL Device”, the “device”, the “system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.
Document Conventions Icons Used in Figures Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The ZyXEL Device icon is not an exact representation of your device.
Safety Warnings Safety Warnings • Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool. • Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids. • Do NOT store things on the device. • Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. • Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device. • Do NOT open the device or unit.
Safety Warnings 8 VSG1435-B101 Series User’s Guide
Contents Overview Contents Overview User’s Guide ........................................................................................................................... 21 Introducing the VSG1435-B101 ................................................................................................. 23 The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................... 35 Quick Start .........................................................
Contents Overview 10 VSG1435-B101 Series User’s Guide
Table of Contents Table of Contents About This User's Guide .......................................................................................................... 3 Document Conventions............................................................................................................ 5 Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................ 7 Contents Overview .......................................................
Table of Contents 3.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 43 3.2 Quick Start Setup ................................................................................................................. 43 Chapter 4 Tutorials ................................................................................................................................... 45 4.1 Overview ..........................................
Table of Contents 6.3.3 VPI and VCI ............................................................................................................... 91 6.3.4 IP Address Assignment .............................................................................................. 91 6.3.5 NAT ............................................................................................................................ 92 6.3.6 Traffic Shaping ..........................................................................
Table of Contents 8.3 The Static DHCP Screen ................................................................................................... 136 8.4 The UPnP Screen .............................................................................................................. 137 8.5 Installing UPnP in Windows Example ................................................................................ 138 8.6 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ..................................................................
Table of Contents 12.2.1 Add/Edit Port Forwarding ...................................................................................... 182 12.3 The Applications Screen .................................................................................................. 183 12.3.1 Add New Application .............................................................................................. 184 12.4 The Port Triggering Screen ................................................................................
Table of Contents Chapter 16 Firewall................................................................................................................................... 219 16.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 219 16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 219 16.1.2 What You Need to Know ..................................................
Table of Contents Chapter 21 IPSec ...................................................................................................................................... 249 21.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 249 21.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 249 21.1.2 What You Need to Know .................................................
Table of Contents 25.2 The WAN Status Screen .................................................................................................. 278 25.3 The LAN Status Screen ................................................................................................... 280 Chapter 26 IGMP Status .......................................................................................................................... 283 26.1 Overview ...................................................................
Table of Contents 32.3 The Reboot Screen ......................................................................................................... 308 Chapter 33 Diagnostic.............................................................................................................................. 309 33.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 309 33.2 The Diagnostic Screen .......................................
Table of Contents 20 VSG1435-B101 Series User’s Guide
P ART I User’s Guide 21
CHAPTER 1 Introducing the VSG1435-B101 1.1 Overview The VSG1435-B101 is a wireless VDSL router and Gigabit Ethernet gateway with Home Phoneline Networking Alliance (HPNA) capability. It has a DSL port and a Gigabit Ethernet port for super-fast Internet access over analog (POTS) telephone lines. The ZyXEL Device supports both Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). It is backward compatible with ADSL, ADSL2 and ADSL2+ in case VDSL is not available.
Chapter 1 Introducing the VSG1435-B101 • Write down the password and put it in a safe place. • Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the ZyXEL Device to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 1 Introducing the VSG1435-B101 Computers can connect to the ZyXEL Device’s LAN ports (or wirelessly). Figure 1 ZyXEL Device’s Internet Access Application WLAN WAN Bridging IPoE PPPoE ADSL / VDSL LAN A WLAN WAN IPoA / PPPoA LAN ADSL A WLAN WAN Bridging IPoE PPPoE LAN Ethernet A DSL You can also configure IP filtering on the ZyXEL Device for secure Internet access.
Chapter 1 Introducing the VSG1435-B101 1.4.2 HomePNA The ZyXEL Device complies with HomePNA (Home Phoneline Networking Alliance, also known as HPNA) 3.1, a home networking technology for carrying data over existing coaxial cables and telephone wiring. The figure below shows your ZyXEL Device (A) connecting to a phone line outlet for DSL Internet access and a coaxial outlet to relay Internet connectivity to other coaxial outlets in the building. The laptop (B) connects wirelessly to the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 1 Introducing the VSG1435-B101 File Sharing Use the built-in USB 2.0 port to share files on a USB memory stick or a USB hard drive (B). You can connect one USB hard drive to the ZyXEL Device at a time. Use FTP to access the files on the USB device. Figure 3 USB File Sharing Application B A 1.5 Hardware Setup Place the ZyXEL Device flat on a desk or table or on the stand for a vertical installation. Remove the ZyXEL Device’s clear plastic covers before using it.
Chapter 1 Introducing the VSG1435-B101 To connect the stand, line up the arrow on the stand with the arrow on the bottom of the device as shown.
Chapter 1 Introducing the VSG1435-B101 1.6 Hardware Connections To connect your ZyXEL Device: Figure 5 Hardware Connections 1 6 5 4 2 3 1 Attach the antenna and point it up. 2 Do one of the following for your Internet connection: 2a DSL WAN: Use a telephone cable to connect your ZyXEL Device’s DSL WAN port to a telephone jack (or the DSL or modem jack on a splitter if you have one).
Chapter 1 Introducing the VSG1435-B101 3 HPNA: (VSG1435-B101 only) Use a coaxial cable to connect to a coaxial outlet and relay Internet traffic throughout your house through coaxial cabling. 4 LAN: Use an Ethernet cable to connect a computer to a LAN port for initial configuration and/or Internet access. 5 USB: Connect a USB (version 2.0 or lower) memory stick or a USB hard drive for file sharing. Use a USB extension cable if the stick is too big to fit.
Chapter 1 Introducing the VSG1435-B101 None of the LEDs are on if the ZyXEL Device is not receiving power. Table 1 LED Descriptions LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION POWER Green Red ETHERNET 1-4 ETHERNET WAN USB HPNA DSL WAN INTERNET Green Green Green Green Green Green On The ZyXEL Device is receiving power and ready for use. Blinking The ZyXEL Device is self-testing. On The ZyXEL Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device malfunction.
Chapter 1 Introducing the VSG1435-B101 Table 1 LED Descriptions LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION WLAN/ WPS Green Green and Orange On The wireless network is activated. Blinking The ZyXEL Device is communicating with other wireless clients. Blinking The ZyXEL Device is setting up a WPS connection. Off The wireless network is not activated. 1.
Chapter 1 Introducing the VSG1435-B101 You can configure your wireless network in either the built-in Web Configurator, or using the WPS button. Figure 7 Wireless Access Example 1.9.1 Using the WLAN/WPS Button If the wireless network is turned off, press the WLAN/WPS button on the front of the ZyXEL Device for two seconds. Once the WLAN/WPS LED turns green, the wireless network is active.
Chapter 1 Introducing the VSG1435-B101 2 Press the WLAN/WPS button for five seconds and release it. 3 Press the WPS button on another WPS-enabled device within range of the ZyXEL Device. The WLAN/WPS LED flashes green and orange while the ZyXEL Device sets up a WPS connection with the other wireless device. 4 Once the connection is successfully made, the WLAN/WPS LED shines green. To turn off the wireless network, press the WLAN/WPS button on the front of the ZyXEL Device for one to five seconds.
CHAPTER 2 The Web Configurator 2.1 Overview The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later versions or Mozilla Firefox 3 and later versions or Safari 2.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels. In order to use the web configurator you need to allow: • Web browser pop-up windows from your device.
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator enter your password and click Login. For security reasons, you will be temporarily denied access to the ZyXEL Device for a period of time (15 minutes by default) if you have entered the incorrect username and password for a certain number of times (three times by default). Figure 8 Password Screen 4 A welcome screen appears showing a summary of your last login, such as the time, number of failed login attempts, and when the password expires.
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator 6 The Network Map page appears. Figure 11 Network Map Note: For security reasons, the ZyXEL Device automatically logs you out if you do not use the web configurator for ten minutes (default). If this happens, log in again. 7 Click Status to display the Status screen, where you can view the ZyXEL Device’s interface and system information.
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator 2.2 Web Configurator Layout Figure 12 Screen Layout A B C As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts: • A - title bar • B - main window • C - navigation panel 2.2.1 Title Bar The title bar provides some icons in the upper right corner.
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator The icons provide the following functions. Table 2 Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar ICON DESCRIPTION Quick Start: Click this icon to open screens where you can configure the ZyXEL Device’s time zone Internet access, and wireless settings. Logout: Click this icon to log out of the web configurator. 2.2.2 Main Window The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this document.
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary LINK Home Networking Routing QoS NAT DNS IGMP TAB FUNCTION LAN Setup Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP settings, and other advanced properties. Static DHCP Use this screen to assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC addresses. UPnP Use this screen to turn UPnP and UPnP NAT-T on or off. Static Route Use this screen to view and set up static routes on the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary LINK TAB FUNCTION Parental Control Use this screen to block web sites with the specific URL. Scheduler Rule Use this screen to configure the days and times when a configured restriction (such as parental control) is enforced. Certificates IPSec Local Certificates Use this screen to view a summary list of certificates and manage certificates and certification requests.
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CHAPTER 3 Quick Start 3.1 Overview Use the Quick Start screens to configure the P-870HNUP-51B’s time zone and basic Internet access and wireless settings. Note: See the technical reference chapters (starting on page 71) for background information on the features in this chapter. 3.2 Quick Start Setup 1 Click the Click Start icon in the top right corner of the web configurator to open the quick start screens. Select the time zone of the ZyXEL Device’s location and click Next.
Chapter 3 Quick Start 2 Enter your PPPoE account’s user name and password exactly as provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP). If your ISP also gave you static IP address settings to use, select Yes and enter them in the fields that display. Click Next. Figure 14 Internet Connection 3 Turn the wireless LAN on or off. If you keep it on, record the security settings so you can configure your wireless clients to connect to the ZyXEL Device. Click Save.
CHAPTER 4 Tutorials 4.1 Overview This chapter shows you how to use the ZyXEL Device’s various features.
Chapter 4 Tutorials 1 Click Network Settings > Broadband to open the following screen. Click Add New WAN Interface. 2 In this example, the DSL connection has the following information. General Connection Name MyDSLConnection Type ADSL Connection Mode Routing Encapsulation PPPoE ATM PVC Configuration VPI/VCI 36/48 Encapsulation Mode LLC/SNAP-Bridging Service Category UBR without PCR Account Information PPP User Name 1234@DSL-Ex.
Chapter 4 Tutorials 5 Configure this rule as your default Internet connection by selecting the Apply as Default Gateway check box. Then select DNS as Static and enter the DNS server addresses provided to you, such as 192.168.5.2 (DNS server1)/192.168.5.1 (DNS server2). 6 Click Apply to save your settings.
Chapter 4 Tutorials 7 You should see a summary of your new DSL connection setup in the Broadband screen as follows. Try to connect to a website, such as zyxel.com to see if you have correctly set up your Internet connection. Be sure to contact your service provider for any information you need to configure the WAN screens. 4.
Chapter 4 Tutorials The figure below shows the hardware setup for this tutorial: 1 2 3 4 5 1 Connect your ZyXEL Device to the Internet source. This could be either DSL or Ethernet. 2 Connect the ZyXEL Device’s coaxial port a coaxial outlet in your house. This relays Internet connectivity to other coaxial outlets in other parts of the house. 3 In the room where your television is located, connect the HomePNA bridge to a coaxial outlet.
Chapter 4 Tutorials 4.4 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network Thomas wants to set up a wireless network so that he can use his notebook to access the Internet. In this wireless network, the ZyXEL Device serves as an access point (AP), and the notebook is the wireless client. The wireless client can access the Internet through the AP. Thomas has to configure the wireless network settings on the ZyXEL Device. Then he can set up a wireless network using WPS (Section 4.4.
Chapter 4 Tutorials 1 Click Network Settings > Wireless to open the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level and WPA-PSK as the security mode. Configure the screen using the provided parameters (see page 50). Click Apply. 2 Go to the Wireless > Others screen and select 802.11b/g/n Mixed in the 802.11 Mode field. Click Apply. Thomas can now use the WPS feature to establish a wireless connection between his notebook and the ZyXEL Device (see Section 4.4.2 on page 52).
Chapter 4 Tutorials use the notebook’s wireless client to search for the ZyXEL Device (see Section 4.4.3 on page 56). 4.4.2 Using WPS This section shows you how to set up a wireless network using WPS. It uses the ZyXEL Device as the AP and ZyXEL NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to the notebook. Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter or PCMCIA card).
Chapter 4 Tutorials 4 Push and hold the WPS button located on the ZyXEL Device’s front panel for more than 5 seconds. Alternatively, you may log into ZyXEL Device’s web configurator and go to the Network Settings > Wireless > WPS screen. Enable the WPS function and click Apply. Then click the Connect button. Note: Your ZyXEL Device has a WPS button located on its front panel as well as a WPS button in its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function: you can use one or the other.
Chapter 4 Tutorials The following figure shows you an example of how to set up a wireless network and its security by pressing a button on both ZyXEL Device and wireless client.
Chapter 4 Tutorials PIN Configuration When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both the ZyXEL Device’s web configurator and the wireless client’s utility. 1 Launch your wireless client’s configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method to get a PIN number. 2 Log into ZyXEL Device’s web configurator and go to the Network Settings > Wireless > WPS screen. Enable the WPS function and click Apply.
Chapter 4 Tutorials The following figure shows you how to set up a wireless network and its security on a ZyXEL Device and a wireless client by using PIN method. Example WPS Process: PIN Method Wireless Client ZyXEL Device WITHIN 2 MINUTES Authentication by PIN SECURITY INFO COMMUNICATION 4.4.3 Without WPS Use the wireless adapter’s utility installed on the notebook to search for the “Example” SSID.
Chapter 4 Tutorials Note: The ZyXEL Device supports IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g wireless clients. Make sure that your notebook or computer’s wireless adapter supports one of these standards. 4.5 Setting Up Multiple Wireless Groups Company A wants to create different wireless network groups for different types of users as shown in the following figure. Each group has its own SSID and security mode. Company Guest VIP • Employees in Company A will use a general Comapny wireless network group.
Chapter 4 Tutorials 58 1 Click Network Settings > Wireless to open the General screen. Use this screen to set up the company’s general wireless network group. Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply. 2 Click Network Settings > Wireless > More AP to open the following screen. Click the Edit icon to configure the second wireless network group.
Chapter 4 Tutorials 3 Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply. 4 In the More AP screen, click the Edit icon to configure the third wireless network group.
Chapter 4 Tutorials 5 Configure the screen using the provided parameters and click Apply. 6 Check the status of VIP and Guest in the More AP screen. The yellow bulbs signify that the SSIDs are active and ready for wireless access. 4.6 Setting Up NAT Port Forwarding Thomas manages the Doom server on a computer behind the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 4 Tutorials the ZyXEL Device. Traffic should be forwarded to the port 666 of the Doom server computer which has an IP address of 192.168.1.34. Tutorial: NAT Port Forwarding Setup D=192.168.1.34 LAN WAN port 666 A Thomas may set up the port settings by configuring the port settings for the Doom server computer (see Section 12.2 on page 180 for more information).
Chapter 4 Tutorials 3 The port forwarding settings you configured appear in the table. The ZyXEL Device forwards port 666 traffic to the computer with IP address 192.168.1.34. Players on the Internet then can have access to Thomas’ Doom server. 4.7 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network In order to extend your Intranet and control traffic flowing directions, you may connect a router to the ZyXEL Device’s LAN. The router may be used to separate two department networks.
Chapter 4 Tutorials You need to specify a static routing rule on the ZyXEL Device to specify R as the router in charge of forwarding traffic to N2. In this case, the ZyXEL Device routes traffic from A to R and then R routes the traffic to B. N1 A R N2 B This tutorial uses the following example IP settings: Table 4 IP Settings in this Tutorial DEVICE / COMPUTER IP ADDRESS The ZyXEL Device’s WAN 172.16.1.1 The ZyXEL Device’s LAN 192.168.1.1 A 192.168.1.34 R’s N1 192.168.1.253 R’s N2 192.168.
Chapter 4 Tutorials 4a Select the Active check box. Enter the Route Name as R. 4b Type 192.168.10.0 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0 for the destination, N2. 4c Type 192.168.1.253 (R’s N1 address) in the Gateway IP Address field. 4a Click Apply. Now B should be able to receive traffic from A. You may need to additionally configure B’s firewall settings to allow specific traffic to pass through. 4.
Chapter 4 Tutorials Note: QoS is applied to traffic flowing out of the ZyXEL Device. Traffic that does not match this class is assigned a priority queue based on the internal QoS mapping table on the ZyXEL Device. QoS Example DSL 10,000 kbps Your computer IP=192.168.1.23 and/or MAC=AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF Email traffic: Highest priority 1 A colleague’s computer Other traffic: Automatic classifier Click Network Settings > QoS > General and select Active.
Chapter 4 Tutorials • Rate Limit: 5,000 (kbps) Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Queue Setup 3 Click Class Setup > Add new Classifier to create a new class. Check Active and follow the settings as shown in the screen below.
Chapter 4 Tutorials Class Name Give a class name to this traffic, such as E-mail in this example. From Interface This is the interface from which the traffic will be coming from. Select LAN1 for this example. Ether Type Select IP to identify the traffic source by its IP address or MAC address. IP Address Type the IP address of your computer - 192.168.1.23. Type the IP Subnet Mask if you know it. MAC Address Type the MAC address of your computer - AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF.
Chapter 4 Tutorials • Configuring DDNS on Your ZyXEL Device • Testing the DDNS Setting Note: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use DDNS. 4.9.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org 1 Open a browser and type http://www.dyndns.org. 2 Apply for a user account. This tutorial uses UserName1 and 12345 as the username and password. 3 Log into www.dyndns.org using your account. 4 Add a new DDNS host name. This tutorial uses the following settings as an example.
Chapter 4 Tutorials • Enter the user name (UserName1) and password (12345). Click Apply. 4.9.3 Testing the DDNS Setting Now you should be able to access the ZyXEL Device from the Internet. To test this: 1 Open a web browser on the computer (using the IP address a.b.c.d) that is connected to the Internet. 2 Type http://zyxelrouter.dyndns.org and press [Enter]. 3 The ZyXEL Device’s login page should appear. You can then log into the ZyXEL Device and manage it. 4.
Chapter 4 Tutorials 1 In FileZilla enter the IP address of the ZyXEL Device (the default is 192.168.1.1), your account’s user name and password and port 21 and click Quickconnect. A screen asking for password authentication appears. File Sharing via Windows Explorer Once you log in the USB device displays in the mnt folder.
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CHAPTER 5 Network Map and Status Screens 5.1 Overview After you log into the Web Configurator, the Network Map screen appears. This shows the network connection status of the ZyXEL Device and clients connected to it. You can use the Status screen to look at the current status of the ZyXEL Device, system resources, and interfaces (LAN, WAN, and WLAN). 5.2 The Network Map Screen Use this screen to view the network connection status of the device and its clients.
Chapter 5 Network Map and Status Screens If you prefer to view the status in a list, click List View in the Viewing Mode selection box. You can configure how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen in Refresh Interval. Figure 16 Network Map: Icon Mode Figure 17 Network Map: List Mode In Icon Mode, if you want to view information about a client, click the client’s name and Info. Click the IP address if you want to change it.
Chapter 5 Network Map and Status Screens 5.3 The Status Screen Use this screen to view the status of the ZyXEL Device. Click Status to open this screen. Figure 18 Status Screen Each field is described in the following table. Table 5 Status Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION Refresh Interval Select how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen. Device Information Host Name This field displays the ZyXEL Device system name. It is used for identification.
Chapter 5 Network Map and Status Screens Table 5 Status Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Subnet Mask This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN. This field is available only when your WAN type is IPoE or IPoA. WAN Type This field displays the current WAN connection type. LAN Information MAC Address This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your device. IP Address This is the current IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the LAN.
Chapter 5 Network Map and Status Screens Table 5 Status Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION Status This field indicates whether or not the ZyXEL Device is using the interface. For the LAN interfaces, the Ethernet WAN interface, or the HPNA interface, this field displays Up when the ZyXEL Device is using the interface and NoLink when the line is disconnected. For the WLAN interface, it displays Active when WLAN is enabled or InActive when WLAN is disabled.
Chapter 5 Network Map and Status Screens 78 VSG1435-B101 Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 6 Broadband 6.1 Overview This chapter describes how to configure WAN settings from the Broadband screen. Use this screen to configure your ZyXEL Device for Internet access. A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It connects your private networks (such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations. Figure 19 LAN and WAN LAN WAN 6.1.
Chapter 6 Broadband WAN IP Address The WAN IP address is an IP address for the ZyXEL Device, which makes it accessible from an outside network. It is used by the ZyXEL Device to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the ZyXEL Device tries to access the Internet.
Chapter 6 Broadband 6.2 The Broadband Screen Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s Internet access settings. Click Network Settings> Broadband from the menu. The summary table shows you the configured WAN services (connections) on the ZyXEL Device. Figure 20 Network Settings > Broadband The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 6 Network Settings > Broadband LABEL DESCRIPTION Add new WAN interface Click this button to create a new connection.
Chapter 6 Broadband 6.2.1 Add/Edit Broadband Click Add new WAN interface in the Broadband screen or the Edit icon next to an existing WAN interface to configure a WAN connection. The screen differs according to the mode and encapsulation you choose. 6.2.2 PPPoE Encapsulation The ZyXEL Device supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection.
Chapter 6 Broadband This screen displays when you select the Routing mode and PPPoE encapsulation.
Chapter 6 Broadband The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 7 Broadband: Add/Edit: Routing Mode LABEL DESCRIPTION General Active Select this to activate the WAN configuration settings. Name Specify a descriptive name of up to 15 alphanumeric characters for this connection. Type Select whether it is a VDSL, ADSL, or Ethernet connection.
Chapter 6 Broadband Table 7 Broadband: Add/Edit: Routing Mode LABEL DESCRIPTION Encapsulation Mode Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the dropdown list box. Choices are: • • • • Service Category LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when you select IPoE or PPPoE in the Select DSL Link Type field.
Chapter 6 Broadband Table 7 Broadband: Add/Edit: Routing Mode LABEL DESCRIPTION PPP Auto Connect Select this option if you do not want the connection to time out. IDLE Timeout This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server. This field is not configurable if you select PPP Auto Connect. PPPoE Service Name Enter the name of your PPPoE service here. PPPoE Passthrough This field is available when you select PPPoE encapsulation.
Chapter 6 Broadband Table 7 Broadband: Add/Edit: Routing Mode LABEL DESCRIPTION DNS Select Dynamic if you want the ZyXEL Device use the DNS server addresses assigned by your ISP. Select Static if you want the ZyXEL Device use the DNS server addresses you configure manually. DNS Server 1 Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP. DNS Server 2 Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Chapter 6 Broadband The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 8 Broadband: Add/Edit: Bridge Mode LABEL DESCRIPTION General Active Select this to activate the WAN configuration settings. Name Specify a descriptive name of up to 15 alphanumeric characters for this connection. Type Select whether it is a VDSL, ADSL, or Ethernet connection.
Chapter 6 Broadband Table 8 Broadband: Add/Edit: Bridge Mode LABEL DESCRIPTION Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.This field is not available when you select UBR Without PCR. Sustain Cell Rate The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR.
Chapter 6 Broadband 6.3 Technical Reference This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter. 6.3.1 Encapsulation Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The ZyXEL Device supports the following methods. 6.3.1.1 PPP over Ethernet The ZyXEL Device supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet).
Chapter 6 Broadband 6.3.2 Multiplexing There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be sure to use the multiplexing method required by your ISP. VC-based Multiplexing In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific virtual circuit; for example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be dominant in environments where dynamic creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is fast and economical.
Chapter 6 Broadband 6.3.5 NAT NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. 6.3.6 Traffic Shaping Traffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average rate and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network.
Chapter 6 Broadband 6.3.7 ATM Traffic Classes These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0 Specification. Constant Bit Rate (CBR) Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is being sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for connections that continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds this rate, cells may be dropped.
Chapter 6 Broadband In Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user in the same building. VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more manageable logical broadcast domain.
CHAPTER 7 Wireless 7.1 Overview This chapter describes the ZyXEL Device’s Network Settings > Wireless screens. Use these screens to set up your ZyXEL Device’s wireless connection. 7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter This section describes the ZyXEL Device’s Wireless screens. Use these screens to set up your ZyXEL Device’s wireless connection. • Use the General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode (Section 7.2 on page 96).
Chapter 7 Wireless 7.1.2 What You Need to Know Wireless Basics “Wireless” is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie radios send and receive information over the airwaves, wireless networking devices exchange information with one another. A wireless networking device is just like a radio that lets your computer exchange information with radios attached to other computers.
Chapter 7 Wireless Click Network Settings > Wireless to open the General screen. Figure 24 Network Settings > Wireless > General The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen. Table 9 Network Settings > Wireless > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Wireless Network Setup Wireless You can Enable or Disable the wireless LAN in this field. Channel Set the channel depending on your particular region.
Chapter 7 Wireless Table 9 Network Settings > Wireless > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Passphrase Key For a fixed type passphrase enter 16 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with no spaces). It must contain both letters and numbers. For a variable type passphrase enter 16 to 63 alphanumeric characters (09, A-Z, with no spaces). It must contain both letters and numbers. Bandwidth Select whether the ZyXEL Device uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz or 40MHz.
Chapter 7 Wireless Table 9 Network Settings > Wireless > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 7 Wireless 7.2.1 No Security Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data encryption or authentication. Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your ZyXEL Device, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range. Figure 25 Wireless > General: No Security The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 7 Wireless In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click Network Settings > Wireless to display the General screen, then select Basic as the security level. Figure 26 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 11 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP) LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Level Select Basic to enable WEP data encryption. Generate Select this option to have the ZyXEL Device automatically generate a password password.
Chapter 7 Wireless 7.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK) The WPA-PSK security mode provides both improved data encryption and user authentication over WEP. Using a Pre-Shared Key (PSK), both the ZyXEL Device and the connecting client share a common password in order to validate the connection. This type of encryption, while robust, is not as strong as WPA, WPA2 or even WPA2-PSK. The WPA2-PSK security mode is a newer, more robust version of the WPA encryption standard.
Chapter 7 Wireless Table 12 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK LABEL DESCRIPTION WPA-PSK Compatible This field appears when you choose WPA-PSK2 as the Security Mode. Encryption Select the encryption type (AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption. Check this field to allow wireless devices using WPA-PSK security mode to connect to your ZyXEL Device. The ZyXEL Device supports WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK simultaneously. Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.
Chapter 7 Wireless Click Network Settings > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level. Then select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list. Figure 28 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 13 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2) LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Level Select More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption. Security Mode Choose WPA or WPA2 from the drop-down list box.
Chapter 7 Wireless Table 13 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2) LABEL DESCRIPTION Encryption Select the encryption type (AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption. Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES. Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES. WPA2 PreAuthentication This field is available only when you select WPA2. Network Re-auth Interval Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order to stay connected.
Chapter 7 Wireless Table 14 Network Settings > Wireless > More AP LABEL DESCRIPTION SSID An SSID profile is the set of parameters relating to one of the ZyXEL Device’s BSSs. The SSID (Service Set IDentifier) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless device is associated. This field displays the name of the wireless profile on the network. When a wireless client scans for an AP to associate with, this is the name that is broadcast and seen in the wireless client utility.
Chapter 7 Wireless Table 15 More AP: Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool. Client Isolation Select this to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from communicating with each other. MBSSID/LAN Isolation Select this to keep the wireless clients in this SSID from communicating with clients in other SSIDs or LAN devices.
Chapter 7 Wireless Use this screen to view your ZyXEL Device’s MAC filter settings and add new MAC filter rules. Click Wireless > MAC Authentication. The screen appears as shown. Figure 31 Wireless > MAC Authentication The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 16 Wireless > MAC Authentication LABEL DESCRIPTION SSID Select the SSID for which you want to configure MAC filter settings.
Chapter 7 Wireless 7.5 The WPS Screen Use this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your ZyXEL Device. WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection between two devices. Both devices must support WPS. See Section 7.9.9.3 on page 126 for more information about WPS. Note: The ZyXEL Device applies the security settings of the SSID1 profile (see Section 7.2 on page 96).
Chapter 7 Wireless Table 17 Network Settings > Wireless > WPS LABEL Connect DESCRIPTION Click this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within wireless range of the ZyXEL Device) to your wireless network. This button may either be a physical button on the outside of device, or a menu button similar to the Connect button on this screen. Note: You must press the other wireless device’s WPS button within two minutes of pressing this button.
Chapter 7 Wireless Click Network Settings > Wireless > WMM. The following screen displays. Figure 33 Network Settings > Wireless > WMM The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 18 Network Settings > Wireless > WMM LABEL DESCRIPTION WMM Select On to have the ZyXEL Device automatically give a service a priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends.
Chapter 7 Wireless Click Network Settings > Wireless > WDS. The following screen displays. Figure 34 Network Settings > Wireless > WDS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 19 Network Settings > Wireless > WDS LABEL DESCRIPTION Wireless Bridge Setup AP Mode Select the operating mode for your ZyXEL Device. • • Bridge Restrict Access Point - The ZyXEL Device functions as a bridge and access point simultaneously.
Chapter 7 Wireless Table 19 Network Settings > Wireless > WDS LABEL DESCRIPTION Scan Click the Scan icon to search and display the available APs within range. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. 7.7.1 WDS Scan You can click the Scan icon in Wireless > WDS to have the ZyXEL Device automatically search and display the available APs within range.
Chapter 7 Wireless 7.8 The Others Screen Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings. Click Network Settings > Wireless > Others. The screen appears as shown. See Section 7.9.2 on page 117 for detailed definitions of the terms listed in this screen. Figure 36 Network Settings > Wireless > Others The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 7 Wireless Table 21 Network Settings > Wireless > Others LABEL DESCRIPTION DTIM Interval Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) is the time period after which broadcast and multicast packets are transmitted to mobile clients in the Power Saving mode. A high DTIM value can cause clients to lose connectivity with the network. This value can be set from 1 to 100. 802.11 Mode Select 802.11b Only to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device. Select 802.
Chapter 7 Wireless • A wireless client is a radio connected to a user’s computer. • An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with numerous wireless clients and let them access the network. • A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients, extending a network’s range. Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways.
Chapter 7 Wireless • If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel. Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency, to send and receive information. • Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP. Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
Chapter 7 Wireless 7.9.3 Wireless Security Overview By their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this means that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data passing over the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to the network, he or she can steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to compromise the network.
Chapter 7 Wireless not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess. This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network. 7.9.3.2 MAC Address Filter Every device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.
Chapter 7 Wireless 7.9.3.4 Encryption Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message. The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication. (See Section 7.9.3.3 on page 119 for information about this.
Chapter 7 Wireless 7.9.4 Signal Problems Because wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to limitations of distance, interference and absorption. Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with interference occur when other radio waves interrupt the data signal.
Chapter 7 Wireless wireless station A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other. Figure 38 Basic Service set 7.9.6 MBSSID Traditionally, you need to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well as the cost of buying extra APs, there is also the possibility of channel interference. The ZyXEL Device’s MBSSID (Multiple Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSs simultaneously.
Chapter 7 Wireless 7.9.7 Preamble Type Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet. Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short preamble.
Chapter 7 Wireless 7.9.9 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) Your ZyXEL Device supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance. WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure).
Chapter 7 Wireless 7.9.9.2 PIN Configuration Each WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clicking on a button in the configuration interface).
Chapter 7 Wireless The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method. Figure 40 Example WPS Process: PIN Method ENROLLEE REGISTRAR WPS This device’s WPS PIN: 123456 WPS Enter WPS PIN from other device: WPS START WPS START WITHIN 2 MINUTES SECURE EAP TUNNEL SSID WPA(2)-PSK COMMUNICATION 7.9.9.3 How WPS Works When two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role.
Chapter 7 Wireless The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a WPS-enabled access point. Figure 41 How WPS works ACTIVATE WPS ACTIVATE WPS WITHIN 2 MINUTES WPS HANDSHAKE ENROLLEE REGISTRAR SECURE TUNNEL SECURITY INFO COMMUNICATION The roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary.
Chapter 7 Wireless 7.9.9.4 Example WPS Network Setup This section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup. The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1 are unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1 is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security information to set up the network, since it is unconfigured and has no existing information.
Chapter 7 Wireless point. However, you know that Client 2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead. Figure 44 WPS: Example Network Step 3 EXISTING CONNECTION CLIENT 1 IS EX TI O EC N ON GC N I T N AP1 REGISTRAR CLIENT 2 SE CU RIT Y ENROLLEE INF O AP2 7.9.9.5 Limitations of WPS WPS has some limitations of which you should be aware. • WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate).
Chapter 7 Wireless • When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button on one device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled device could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the “correct” enrollee, and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a possible way for a hacker to gain access to a network. You can easily check to see if this has happened.
CHAPTER 8 Home Networking 8.1 Overview A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many networking devices are connected. It is usually located in one immediate area such as a building or floor of a building. Use the LAN screens to help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses. LAN DSL 8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter • Use the LAN Setup screen to set the LAN IP address, subnet mask, and DHCP settings of your ZyXEL device (Section 8.2 on page 134).
Chapter 8 Home Networking 8.1.2 What You Need To Know 8.1.2.1 About LAN IP Address IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts. Subnet Mask Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Chapter 8 Home Networking • Dynamic port mapping • Learning public IP addresses • Assigning lease times to mappings Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP. See the Chapter 12 on page 179 for more information on NAT. Cautions with UPnP The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues.
Chapter 8 Home Networking 8.2 The LAN Setup Screen Use this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address and subnet mask of your ZyXEL Device. Click Network Settings > Home Networking to open the LAN Setup screen. Follow these steps to configure your LAN settings. 1 Enter an IP address into the IP Address field. The IP address must be in dotted decimal notation. This will become the IP address of your ZyXEL Device. 2 Enter the IP subnet mask into the IP Subnet Mask field.
Chapter 8 Home Networking The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 24 Network Settings > Home Networking > LAN Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Group Name Select the interface group name for which you want to configure LAN settings. See Chapter 15 on page 215 for how to create a new interface group. LAN IP Setup IP Address Enter the LAN IP address you want to assign to your ZyXEL Device in dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default).
Chapter 8 Home Networking Table 24 Network Settings > Home Networking > LAN Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. 8.3 The Static DHCP Screen This table allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address.
Chapter 8 Home Networking If you click Add new static lease in the Static DHCP screen or the Edit icon next to a static DHCP entry, the following screen displays. Figure 47 Static DHCP: Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 26 Static DHCP: Add/Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Active This field displays whether the client is connected to the ZyXEL Device. MAC Address Enter the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.
Chapter 8 Home Networking Use the following screen to configure the UPnP settings on your ZyXEL Device. Click Network Settings > Home Networking > UPnP to display the screen shown next. Figure 48 Network Settings > Home Networking > UPnP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 27 Network Settings > Home Networking > UPnP LABEL DESCRIPTION UPnP Select Enable to activate UPnP.
Chapter 8 Home Networking 2 Click on the Windows Setup tab and select Communication in the Components selection box. Click Details. Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication 3 In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box in the Components selection box.
Chapter 8 Home Networking 4 Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click Next. 5 Restart the computer when prompted. Installing UPnP in Windows XP Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP. 1 Click Start and Control Panel. 2 Double-click Network Connections. 3 In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu and select Optional Networking Components ….
Chapter 8 Home Networking 5 In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box. Networking Services 6 Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard window and click Next. 8.6 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the ZyXEL Device. Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 8 Home Networking 2 Right-click the icon and select Properties. Network Connections 3 In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there were automatically created.
Chapter 8 Home Networking 4 You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings. Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add 5 When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings will be deleted automatically. 6 Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in the system tray.
Chapter 8 Home Networking 7 Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status. Internet Connection Status Web Configurator Easy Access With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the ZyXEL Device without finding out the IP address of the ZyXEL Device first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the ZyXEL Device. Follow the steps below to access the web configurator. 144 1 Click Start and then Control Panel. 2 Double-click Network Connections.
Chapter 8 Home Networking 3 Select My Network Places under Other Places. Network Connections 4 An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network. 5 Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Invoke. The web configurator login screen displays.
Chapter 8 Home Networking 6 Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic information about the ZyXEL Device. Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example 8.7 Technical Reference This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter.
Chapter 8 Home Networking 8.7.1 LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL Device The actual physical connection determines whether the ZyXEL Device ports are LAN or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as shown next. Figure 49 LAN and WAN IP Addresses LAN WAN 8.7.2 DHCP Setup DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server.
Chapter 8 Home Networking • The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in the DHCP Setup screen. • Some ISPs choose to disseminate the DNS server addresses using the DNS server extensions of IPCP (IP Control Protocol) after the connection is up. If your ISP did not give you explicit DNS servers, chances are the DNS servers are conveyed through IPCP negotiation.
Chapter 8 Home Networking The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise. Private IP Addresses Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address.
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CHAPTER 9 Static Routing 9.1 Overview The ZyXEL Device usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers on the LAN to the Internet. To have the ZyXEL Device send data to devices not reachable through the default gateway, use static routes. For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the ZyXEL Device’s LAN interface. The ZyXEL Device routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the ZyXEL Device’s default gateway (R1).
Chapter 9 Static Routing 9.2 The Routing Screen Use this screen to view and configure the static route rules on the ZyXEL Device. Click Network Settings > Routing > Static Route to open the following screen. Figure 51 Network Settings > Routing > Static Route The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 28 Network Settings > Routing > Static Route LABEL DESCRIPTION Add new Static Route Entry Click this to configure a new static route. # This is the index number of the entry.
Chapter 9 Static Routing 9.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route Use this screen to add or edit a static route. Click Add new Static Route Entry in the Routing screen or the Edit icon next to the static route you want to edit. The screen shown next appears. Figure 52 Routing: Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 29 Routing: Add/Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Active This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static route. Select this to enable the static route.
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CHAPTER 10 Quality of Service (QoS) 10.1 Overview Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth. Without QoS, all traffic data is equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network performance and make the network inadequate for time-critical application such as video-ondemand.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) • The Monitor screen lets you view the ZyXEL Device's QoS-related packet statistics (Section 10.7 on page 169). 10.2 What You Need to Know The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter. QoS versus Cos QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same flow are given the same priority.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) Traffic Policing Traffic policing is the limiting of the input or output transmission rate of a class of traffic on the basis of user-defined criteria. Traffic policing methods measure traffic flows against user-defined criteria and identify it as either conforming, exceeding or violating the criteria.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 30 Network Settings > QoS > General LABEL DESCRIPTION QoS Select the Enable check box to turn on QoS to improve your network performance. WAN Managed Upstream Bandwidth Enter the amount of upstream bandwidth for the WAN interfaces that you want to allocate using QoS. The recommendation is to set this speed to match the interfaces’ actual transmission speed.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) Use this screen to configure QoS queue assignment. Figure 54 Network Settings > QoS > Queue Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 31 Network Settings > QoS > Queue Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Add new Queue Click this button to create a new queue entry. # This is the index number of the entry. Status This field displays whether the queue is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this queue is active.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) 10.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue Click Add new Queue or the edit icon in the Queue Setup screen to configure a queue. Figure 55 Queue Setup: Add The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 32 Queue Setup: Add LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select to enable or disable this queue. Name Enter the descriptive name of this queue. Interface Select the interface to which this queue is applied. This field is read-only if you are editing the queue.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) 10.5 The Class Setup Screen Use this screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into data flows according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number or incoming interface. For example, you can configure a classifier to select traffic from the same protocol port (such as Telnet) to form a flow.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) Table 33 Network Settings > QoS > Class Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION To Queue This is the name of the queue in which traffic of this classifier is put. Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the classifier. Click the Delete icon to delete an existing classifier. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) 10.5.1 Add/Edit QoS Class Click Add new Classifier in the Class Setup screen or the Edit icon next to a classifier to open the following screen.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 34 Class Setup: Add/Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this to enable this classifier. Class Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 15 printable English keyboard characters, not including spaces. Classification Order Select an existing number for where you want to put this classifier to move the classifier to the number you selected after clicking Apply.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) Table 34 Class Setup: Add/Edit LABEL MAC Mask DESCRIPTION Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC address should match. Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address should match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal character(s).
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) Table 34 Class Setup: Add/Edit LABEL TCP ACK DESCRIPTION This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field. If you select this option, the matched TCP packets must contain the ACK (Acknowledge) flag. Exclude DSCP Mark Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier. This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) 10.6 The QoS Policer Setup Screen Use this screen to configure QoS policers that allow you to limit the transmission rate of incoming traffic. Click Network Settings > QoS > Policer Setup. The screen appears as shown. Figure 58 Network Settings > QoS > Policer Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 35 Network Settings > QoS > Policer Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Add new Policer Click this to create a new entry.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) 10.6.1 Add/Edit a QoS Policer Click Add new Officer in the Policer Setup screen or the Edit icon next to a policer to show the following screen. Figure 59 Policer Setup: Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 36 Policer Setup: Add/Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select the check box to activate this policer. Name Enter the descriptive name of this policer. Meter Type This shows the traffic metering algorithm used in this policer.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) Table 36 Policer Setup: Add/Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. 10.7 The QoS Monitor Screen To view the ZyXEL Device’s QoS packet statistics, click Network Settings > QoS > Monitor. The screen appears as shown. Figure 60 Network Settings > QoS > Monitor The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) Table 37 Network Settings > QoS > Monitor (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Pass Rate This shows how many packets assigned to this queue are transmitted successfully. Drop Rate This shows how many packets assigned to this queue are dropped. 10.8 Technical Reference The following section contains additional technical information about the ZyXEL Device features described in this chapter. IEEE 802.1Q Tag The IEEE 802.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) DiffServ QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow are given the same priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different priorities to different packet types. DiffServ (Differentiated Services) is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) Automatic Priority Queue Assignment If you enable QoS on the ZyXEL Device, the ZyXEL Device can automatically base on the IEEE 802.1p priority level, IP precedence and/or packet length to assign priority to traffic which does not match a class. The following table shows you the internal layer-2 and layer-3 QoS mapping on the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) Token Bucket The token bucket algorithm uses tokens in a bucket to control when traffic can be transmitted. The bucket stores tokens, each of which represents one byte. The algorithm allows bursts of up to b bytes which is also the bucket size, so the bucket can hold up to b tokens. Tokens are generated and added into the bucket at a constant rate.
Chapter 10 Quality of Service (QoS) All packets are evaluated against the CBS. If a packet does not exceed the CBS it is marked green. Otherwise it is evaluated against the EBS. If it is below the EBS then it is marked yellow. If it exceeds the EBS then it is marked red. The following shows how tokens work with incoming packets in srTCM: • A packet arrives.
CHAPTER 11 Policy Forwarding 11.1 Overview Traditionally, routing is based on the destination address only and the ZyXEL Device takes the shortest path to forward a packet. Policy forwarding allows the ZyXEL Device to override the default routing behavior and alter the packet forwarding based on the policy defined by the network administrator. Policy-based routing is applied to outgoing packets, prior to the normal routing.
Chapter 11 Policy Forwarding Table 40 Network Settings > Routing > Policy Forwarding LABEL DESCRIPTION Source IP This is the source IP address. Source Subnet Mask This is the source subnet mask address. Protocol This is the transport layer protocol. SourcePort This is the source port number. Source MAC This is the source MAC address. WAN This is the WAN interface through which the traffic is routed. Modify Click the Edit icon to edit this policy.
Chapter 11 Policy Forwarding Table 41 Policy Forwarding: Add/Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION WAN Select a WAN interface through which the traffic is sent. You must have the WAN interface(s) already configured in the Broadband screens. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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CHAPTER 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) 12.1 Overview This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the ZyXEL Device. NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. 12.1.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) Global/Local Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 42 Network Settings > NAT > Port Forwarding LABEL DESCRIPTION Add new rule Click this to add a new rule. # This is the index number of the entry. Status This field displays whether the NAT rule is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this rule is active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not active. Service Name This shows the service’s name.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 43 Port Forwarding: Add/Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it. This field is read-only in the Port Forwarding Configuration screen. Service Name Enter a name to identify this rule using keyboard characters (A-Z, a-z, 12 and so on). This field is read-only in the Port Forwarding Edit screen.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) To access this screen, click Network Settings > NAT > Applications. The following screen appears. Figure 66 Network Settings > NAT > Applications The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 44 Network Settings > NAT > Applications LABEL DESCRIPTION Add new application Click this to add a new NAT application rule. Application Forwarded This field shows the type of application that the service forwards.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 45 Applications: Add LABEL DESCRIPTION WAN Interface Select the WAN interface that you want to apply this NAT rule to. Server IP Address Enter the inside IP address of the application here. Application Category Select the category of the application from the drop-down list box.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) For example: Figure 68 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example 1 Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070). 2 Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the ZyXEL Device to record Jane’s computer IP address. The ZyXEL Device associates Jane's computer IP address with the "open" port range of 6970-7170. 3 The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) Table 46 Network Settings > NAT > Port Triggering (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION WAN Interface This field shows the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded. Trigger Port The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the ZyXEL Device to record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN. Start This is the first port number that identifies a service.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 47 Port Triggering: Configuration Add/Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select the check box to enable this rule. This field is read-only in the Port Triggering Configuration screen. Service Name Enter a name to identify this rule using keyboard characters (A-Z, a-z, 12 and so on). This field is read-only in the Port Triggering Edit screen.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) 12.5 The DMZ Screen In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server IP address. A default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in the NAT Port Forwarding Setup screen. Figure 71 Network Settings > NAT > DMZ The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) 12.6 The ALG Screen Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). A SIP ALG allows SIP calls to pass through NAT by examining and translating IP addresses embedded in the data stream. When the ZyXEL Device registers with the SIP register server, the SIP ALG translates the ZyXEL Device’s private IP address inside the SIP data stream to a public IP address.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) Click Network Settings > NAT > Sessions to display the following screen. Figure 73 Network Settings > NAT > Sessions The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 50 Network Settings > NAT > Sessions LABEL DESCRIPTION MAX NAT Session Use this field to set a common limit to the number of concurrent NAT sessions all client computers can have.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) Note that inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP address of a host used in a packet. Thus, an inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in a packet when the packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP address of the same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table summarizes this information.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) 12.8.3 How NAT Works Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets, the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global Address) is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination address on the LAN, and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) 12.8.4 NAT Application The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs (logical LANs using IP alias) behind the ZyXEL Device can communicate with three distinct WAN networks. Figure 75 NAT Application With IP Alias Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers The most often used port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.
Chapter 12 Network Address Translation (NAT) Table 52 Services and Port Numbers SERVICES PORT NUMBER SNMP trap 162 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) 1723 Port Forwarding Example Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address.
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CHAPTER 13 Dynamic DNS Setup 13.1 Overview DNS DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a machine before you can access it. In addition to the system DNS server(s), each WAN interface (service) is set to have its own static or dynamic DNS server list.
Chapter 13 Dynamic DNS Setup Figure 77 Example of DNS Routing Topology LAN WAN eth10.0 DNS:168.92.5.1 (Default) sip.service.com VDSL_PPoE/ppp0.1 mail.example.com DNS:10.10.23.7 Dynamic DNS Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CUSeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.
Chapter 13 Dynamic DNS Setup you want to be able to use, for example, www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname. If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS. 13.2 The DNS Entry Screen Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes on the ZyXEL Device. Click Advanced > DNS Setting to open the DNS Entry screen. Figure 78 Advanced > DNS Setting > DNS Setting The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Chapter 13 Dynamic DNS Setup 13.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Entry You can manually add or edit the ZyXEL Device’s DNS name and IP address entry. Click Add new DNS entry in the DNS Entry screen or the Edit icon next to the entry you want to edit. The screen shown next appears. Figure 79 DNS Entry: Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 54 DNS Entry: Add/Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Host Name Enter the host name of the DNS entry. IP Address Enter the IP address of the DNS entry.
Chapter 13 Dynamic DNS Setup The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 55 Advanced > DNS Setting > Dynamic DNS LABEL DESCRIPTION Dynamic DNS Select this check box to use dynamic DNS. Service Provider Select your Dynamic DNS service provider from the drop-down list box. Hostname Type the domain name assigned to your ZyXEL Device by your Dynamic DNS provider. You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (","). User Name Type your user name.
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CHAPTER 14 IGMP 14.1 Overview Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender to 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender to everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to just a group of hosts on the network. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. See RFC 1112, RFC 2236, and RFC 3376 for information on IGMP versions 1, 2, and 3 respectively.
Chapter 14 IGMP multicast hosts to learn the IP multicast group membership. It checks IGMP packets passing through it, picks out the group registration information, and configures multicasting accordingly. IGMP snooping allows the ZyXEL Device to learn multicast groups without you having to manually configure them. The ZyXEL Device forwards multicast traffic destined for multicast groups (that it has learned from IGMP snooping or that you have manually configured) to ports that are members of that group.
Chapter 14 IGMP The following figure shows a network example where A is the multicast source while computers 1, 2 and 3 are the receivers. In the figure A is connected to the upstream interface and 1, 2 and 3 are connected to the downstream interface. Figure 81 IGMP Proxy Network Example Multicast Server Proxy Hosts The ZyXEL Device will not respond to IGMP join and leave messages on the upstream interface. The ZyXEL Device only responds to IGMP query messages on the upstream interface.
Chapter 14 IGMP 14.2 The IGMP General Screen Use the IGMP General screen to configure general IGMP proxy and IGMP packet processing settings. Click Network Settings > IGMP Setting > General to open the following screen. Figure 82 Network Settings > IGMP Setting > General The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Chapter 14 IGMP Table 56 Network Settings > IGMP Setting > General (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Ignore IGMP report without router alert option Select this to discard IGMP report packets that do not include a router alert option. Ignore IGMP leave without router alert option Select this to discard IGMP leave packets that do not include a router alert option. Ignore IGMP query without router alert option Select this to discard IGMP query packets that do not include a router alert option.
Chapter 14 IGMP 14.3 IGMP Filter Configuration Use this screen to control IGMP access. Click Network Settings > IGMP Setting > IGMP Filter to open the following screen. Figure 83 Network Settings > IGMP Setting > IGMP Filter The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 57 Network Settings > IGMP Setting > IGMP Filter 208 LABEL DESCRIPTION Allow IGMP packets from Ethernet interface Select this to accept IGMP packets received on any of the LAN Ethernet ports.
Chapter 14 IGMP Table 57 Network Settings > IGMP Setting > IGMP Filter (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Allow IGMP packets from Ethernet LAN port1 ~ 4 Select specific LAN Ethernet ports upon which to accept IGMP packets. Clear individual LAN Ethernet port options to discard IGMP packets received on those ports. LAN Host This table lists the LAN computers the ZyXEL Device has detected. LAN Host IP This is the IP address of a computer on the ZyXEL Device’s LAN.
Chapter 14 IGMP 14.3.1 IGMP Host Limitation Edit Use this screen to control a LAN host’s access to IGMP services through the ZyXEL Device. Click Network Settings > IGMP Setting > IGMP Filter and then a LAN host’s Edit icon to open the following screen. Figure 84 Network Settings > IGMP Setting > IGMP Filter > LAN Host Edit The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Chapter 14 IGMP 14.3.2 IGMP Service Add Use this screen to add or edit an IGMP multicast service domain. Click Network Settings > IGMP Setting > IGMP Filter > Add a new rule to open the following screen. Figure 85 Network Settings > IGMP Setting > IGMP Filter > Add a new service The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 59 Network Settings > IGMP Setting > IGMP Filter > Add a new service LABEL DESCRIPTION Service Name Specify a name to identify the IGMP service domain.
Chapter 14 IGMP 14.3.3 IGMP Host Limitation Add Use this screen to control a LAN host’s access to an IGMP multicast service domain. Click Network Settings > IGMP Setting > IGMP Filter > Add a new host limitation to open the following screen. Figure 86 Network Settings > IGMP Setting > IGMP Filter > Add a new host limitation The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Chapter 14 IGMP 14.4 IGMP ACL Configuration Use the IGMP Access Control List (ACL) to block or allow access to specific multicast media channels. Click Network Settings > IGMP Setting > IGMP ACL to open the following screen. Figure 87 Network Settings > IGMP Setting > IGMP ACL The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Chapter 14 IGMP Table 61 Network Settings > IGMP Setting > IGMP ACL (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. 14.4.1 IGMP ACL Add Use this screen to configure the multicast IP address of a multicast media channel to which you want to block or allow access. Click Network Settings > IGMP Setting > IGMP ACL > Add a new rule to open the following screen.
CHAPTER 15 Interface Group 15.1 Overview By default, all LAN and WAN interfaces on the ZyXEL Device are in the same group and can communicate with each other. Create interface groups to have the ZyXEL Device assign the IP addresses in different domains to different groups. Each group acts as an independent network on the ZyXEL Device. This lets devices connected to an interface group’s LAN interfaces communicate through the interface group’s WAN or LAN interfaces but not other WAN or LAN interfaces. 15.
Chapter 15 Interface Group In the following example, the client that sends packets with the DHCP Vendor ID option set to MSFT 5.0 (meaning it is a Windows 2000 DHCP client) is assigned the IP address 192.168.2.2 and uses the WAN VDSL_PoE/ppp0.1 interface. Figure 89 Interface Grouping Application Default: ETH 2~4 192.168.1.x/24 eth10.0 Internet VDSL_PoE/ppp0.1 192.168.2.x/24 DHCP Vendor ID option: MSFT 5.0 Click Network Settings > Interface Group to open the following screen.
Chapter 15 Interface Group 15.2.1 Interface Group Configuration Click the Add New Interface Group button in the Interface Group screen to open the following screen. Use this screen to create a new interface group. Note: An interface can belong to only one group at a time. Figure 91 Interface Group Configuration The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 64 Interface Group Configuration LABEL DESCRIPTION Group Name Enter a name to identify this group.
Chapter 15 Interface Group Table 64 Interface Group Configuration (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Automatically Enter the Vendor Class Identifiers (DHCP Option 60) to identify LAN Add Clients With hosts to add to the interface group by criteria such as the type of the the following hardware or firmware. DHCP Vendor IDs 218 Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
CHAPTER 16 Firewall 16.1 Overview This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the ZyXEL Device firewall. Use the firewall to protect your ZyXEL Device and network from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access to it. By default the firewall: • allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all other networks. • blocks traffic that originates on other networks from going to the LAN. The following figure illustrates the default firewall action.
Chapter 16 Firewall 16.1.2 What You Need to Know SYN Attack A SYN attack floods a targeted system with a series of SYN packets. Each packet causes the targeted system to issue a SYN-ACK response. While the targeted system waits for the ACK that follows the SYN-ACK, it queues up all outstanding SYN-ACK responses on a backlog queue. SYN-ACKs are moved off the queue only when an ACK comes back or when an internal timer terminates the three-way handshake.
Chapter 16 Firewall 16.2 The Firewall Screen Use this screen to set the security level of the firewall on the ZyXEL Device. Firewall rules are grouped based on the direction of travel of packets to which they apply. Click Security Settings > Firewall to display the following screen. Figure 93 Security Settings > Firewall The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 65 Security Settings > Firewall LABEL DESCRIPTION Low Select Low to allow LAN to WAN and WAN to LAN packet directions.
Chapter 16 Firewall Click Security Settings > Firewall > Protocol to display the following screen. Figure 94 Security Settings > Firewall > Protocol The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 66 Security Settings > Firewall > Protocol LABEL DESCRIPTION Add New Protocol Entry Click this to add a new protocol. Name This is the name of your customized service. Description This is the description of your customized service.
Chapter 16 Firewall 16.3.1 Add a Protocol Use this screen to add a customized service rule that you can use in the firewall’s ACL rule configuration. Click Add New Protocol Entry in the Protocol screen to display the following screen. Figure 95 Security Settings > Firewall > Protocol > Add The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 16 Firewall Table 67 Security Settings > Firewall > Protocol > Add LABEL DESCRIPTION Ports/ Protocol Number For TCP, UDP, ICMP, or TCP/UDP protocol rules this shows the port number or range that defines the custom service. For other IP protocol rules this shows the protocol number. Modify Click the Delete icon to remove the rule. Service Name Enter a unique name (up to 32 printable English keyboard characters, including spaces) for your customized port.
Chapter 16 Firewall Table 68 Security Settings > Firewall > Access Control LABEL DESCRIPTION Src IP This displays the source IP addresses to which this rule applies. Please note that a blank source address is equivalent to Any. Dst IP This displays the destination IP addresses to which this rule applies. Please note that a blank destination address is equivalent to Any. Protocol This displays the transport layer protocol that defines the service to which this rule applies.
Chapter 16 Firewall 16.4.1 Add/Edit an ACL Rule Click Add New ACL Rule or the Edit icon next to an existing ACL rule in the Access Control screen. The following screen displays. Figure 97 Security Settings > Firewall > Access Control > Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 16 Firewall Table 69 Security Settings > Firewall > Access Control > Add/Edit (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Select Protocol Select the transport layer protocol that defines your customized port from the drop-down list box. The specific protocol rule sets you add in the Security Settings > Firewall > Protocol > Add screen display in this list. If you want to configure a customized protocol, select Specific Protocol.
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CHAPTER 17 MAC Filter 17.1 Overview This screen allows you to configure the ZyXEL Device to give exclusive access to specific devices or exclude specific devices from accessing the ZyXEL Device. Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC addresses of the devices to configure this screen. 17.
Chapter 17 MAC Filter The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 70 Security Settings > MAC Filter LABEL DESCRIPTION MAC Filter Setup MAC Filter Select Enable to activate the MAC filter function. Otherwise, select Disable. Add new devices to the Allow List automatically Select this check box if you want the ZyXEL Device to automatically add the newly connected devices to the Allow List.
CHAPTER 18 Parental Control 18.1 Overview Parental control allows you to permit or block access to certain web sites from home network computers. You can define time periods and days during which the ZyXEL Device performs parental control on a specific user in the Security Settings > Scheduler Rules screen (see Chapter 19 on page 235 for detailed information). 18.
Chapter 18 Parental Control The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 71 Parental Control LABEL DESCRIPTION Add new rule Click this to create a new parental control rule. # This is the index number of the rule. PC Name/IP/MAC The ZyXEL Device allows or prohibits the users from viewing the Web sites with the URLs listed below. Access Type This shows the access type that is applied on the user to the web site of this rule. Web Site This is the URL of the web site in this rule.
Chapter 18 Parental Control The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 72 Parental Control: Add/Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION PC Name/IP/MAC Select the user that you want to apply this rule to from the drop-down list box. If you want to add an user that is not listed, select User Defined and enter its MAC address. This field is read-only if you are editing the parental control rule. Access Type Select the access type that is applied on the user to the web site of this rule.
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CHAPTER 19 Scheduler Rules 19.1 Overview You can define time periods and days during which the ZyXEL Device performs scheduled rules of certain features (such as Firewall Access Control, Parental Control) on a specific user in the Scheduler Rules screen. 19.2 The Scheduler Rules Screen Use this screen to view, add, or edit time schedule rules. Click Advanced > Scheduler Rules to open the following screen. Figure 101 Advanced > Scheduler Rules The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Chapter 19 Scheduler Rules Table 73 Advanced > Scheduler Rules LABEL DESCRIPTION Description This shows the description of this rule. Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the schedule. Click the Delete icon to delete a scheduler rule. Note: You cannot delete a scheduler rule once it is applied to a certain feature. 19.2.1 Add/Edit a Schedule Click the Add button in the Scheduler Rules screen or click the Edit icon next to a schedule rule to open the following screen.
CHAPTER 20 Certificates 20.1 Overview The ZyXEL Device can use certificates (also called digital IDs) to authenticate users. Certificates are based on public-private key pairs. A certificate contains the certificate owner’s identity and public key. Certificates provide a way to exchange public keys for use in authentication. 20.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter • The Local Certificates screen lets you generate certification requests and import the ZyXEL Device's CA-signed certificates (Section 20.
Chapter 20 Certificates 20.3 The Local Certificates Screen Click Security Settings > Certificates to open the Local Certificates screen. This is the ZyXEL Device’s summary list of certificates and certification requests. Figure 103 Security Settings > Certificates > Local Certificates The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 20 Certificates 20.3.1 Create Certificate Request Click Security Settings > Certificates > Local Certificates and then Create Certificate Request to open the following screen. Use this screen to have the ZyXEL Device generate a certification request. Figure 104 Create Certificate Request The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 20 Certificates Figure 105 Certificate Request Created 20.3.2 Load Signed Certificate After you create a certificate request and have it signed by a Certificate Authority, in the Local Certificates screen click the certificate request’s Load Signed icon to import the signed certificate into the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 20 Certificates Note: You must remove any spaces from the certificate’s filename before you can import it. Figure 106 Load Signed Certificate The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 77 Load Signed Certificate LABEL DESCRIPTION Certificate Name This is the name of the signed certificate. Certificate Copy and paste the signed certificate into the text box to store it on the ZyXEL Device. Apply Click Apply to save your changes.
Chapter 20 Certificates Note: You must remove any spaces from the certificate’s filename before you can import it. Figure 107 Import Local Certificate The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 78 Import Local Certificate 242 LABEL DESCRIPTION Import from file Click this check box to open a screen where you can save the certificate of a certification authority that you trust, from your computer to the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 20 Certificates Table 78 Import Local Certificate LABEL DESCRIPTION Certificate Copy and paste the certificate into the text box to store it on the ZyXEL Device. Private Key Copy and paste the private key into the text box to store it on the ZyXEL Device. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. If you click Import from file in the Import Local Certificate screen, the following screen is displayed.
Chapter 20 Certificates Figure 109 Certificate Details The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 80 Certificate Details LABEL DESCRIPTION Name This field displays the identifying name of this certificate. If you want to change the name, type up to 63 characters to identify this certificate. You may use any character (not including spaces). Type This field displays general information about the certificate. signed means that a Certification Authority signed the certificate.
Chapter 20 Certificates Table 80 Certificate Details (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Private Key This read-only text box displays the private key in Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses base 64 to convert the binary certificate into a printable form. You can copy and paste the private key into an e-mail to send to friends or colleagues or you can copy and paste the certificate into a text editor and save the file on a management computer for later distribution (via floppy disk for example).
Chapter 20 Certificates Table 81 Security Settings > Certificates > Trusted CA (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Subject This field displays information that identifies the owner of the certificate, such as Common Name (CN), OU (Organizational Unit or department), Organization (O), State (ST) and Country (C). It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject information. Type This field displays general information about the certificate.
Chapter 20 Certificates Table 82 Trusted CA: View (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Subject This field displays information that identifies the owner of the certificate, such as Common Name (CN), Organizational Unit (OU), Organization (O) and Country (C). Certificate This read-only text box displays the certificate in Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses base 64 to convert the binary certificate into a printable form.
Chapter 20 Certificates The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 83 Trusted CA: Import Certificate LABEL DESCRIPTION Import from file Click this check box to open a screen where you can save the certificate of a certification authority that you trust, from your computer to the ZyXEL Device. Certificate Name Enter the name that identifies this certificate. The certificate name should not exceed 63 ASCII characters (not including spaces).
CHAPTER 21 IPSec 21.1 Overview A virtual private network (VPN) provides secure communications between sites without the expense of leased site-to-site lines. A secure VPN is a combination of tunneling, encryption, authentication, access control and auditing. It is used to transport traffic over the Internet or any insecure network that uses TCP/IP for communication.
Chapter 21 IPSec 21.1.2 What You Need to Know A VPN tunnel is usually established in two phases. Each phase establishes a security association (SA), a contract indicating what security parameters the ZyXEL Device and the remote IPSec router will use. The first phase establishes an Internet Key Exchange (IKE) SA between the ZyXEL Device and remote IPSec router.
Chapter 21 IPSec Finding Out More See Section 21.4 on page 260 for advanced technical information on IPSec VPN. 21.2 The IPSec Status Screen Click Security Settings > IPSec > Status to open the screen as shown. Use this screen to display and manage active VPN connections. A Security Association (SA) is the group of security settings related to a specific VPN tunnel. This screen displays active VPN connections. Use Refresh to display active VPN connections. This screen is read-only.
Chapter 21 IPSec 21.3 The IPSec Settings Screen The following figure helps explain the main fields in the web configurator. Figure 117 IPSec Summary Fields Remote Network Local Network Remote IPSec Router VPN Tunnel Remote IP Address Local IP Address My IP Address Secure Gateway IP Address Local and remote IP addresses must be static. Click Security Settings > IPSec to open the Settings screen. This is a menu of your IPSec tunnels.
Chapter 21 IPSec Table 86 Security Settings > IPSec > Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION Local Addresses This is the IP address of computer(s) on your local network behind your ZyXEL Device. Remote Addresses This is the IP address of computer(s) on the remote network behind the remote IPSec router. Modify Click the Edit icon to edit the VPN configuration. Click the Delete icon to remove an existing VPN configuration. 21.3.
Chapter 21 IPSec Method field on the IPSec > Setting: Add/Edit screen. The following is the IPSec Setting - Auto(IKE) screen. Figure 119 Settings > Add/Edit: Auto(IKE) The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 87 Settings > Add/Edit: Auto(IKE) 254 LABEL DESCRIPTION Enable Select this check box to activate this VPN policy. This option determines whether a VPN rule is applied before a packet leaves the firewall.
Chapter 21 IPSec Table 87 Settings > Add/Edit: Auto(IKE) LABEL DESCRIPTION Tunnel access from local IP addresses Specify the IP addresses of the devices behind the ZyXEL Device that can use the VPN tunnel. The local IP addresses must correspond to the remote IPSec router's configured remote IP addresses. Two active SAs cannot have the local and remote IP address(es) both the same. Two active SAs can have the same local or remote IP address, but not both.
Chapter 21 IPSec Table 87 Settings > Add/Edit: Auto(IKE) LABEL DESCRIPTION Authentication Method Select Pre-Shared Key to use a pre-shared key for authentication. A pre-shared key identifies a communicating party during a phase 1 IKE negotiation. It is called "pre-shared" because you have to share it with another party before you can communicate with them over a secure connection. Select Certificates (X.509) to use a certificate for authentication.
Chapter 21 IPSec Table 87 Settings > Add/Edit: Auto(IKE) LABEL DESCRIPTION Encryption Algorithm Select DES, 3DES, AES-128, ES-192 or AES-256 from the dropdown list box. When you use one of these encryption algorithms for data communications, both the sending device and the receiving device must use the same secret key, which can be used to encrypt and decrypt the message or to generate and verify a message authentication code. The DES encryption algorithm uses a 56-bit key.
Chapter 21 IPSec Current ZyXEL implementation assumes identical outgoing and incoming SPIs. 21.3.2 Configuring Manual Key You only configure VPN manual key when you select Manual in the Key Exchange Method field on the IPSec > Setting: Add/Edit screen. The following is the IPSec Setting - Manual screen. Figure 120 Settings > Add/Edit: Manual The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Chapter 21 IPSec Table 88 IPSec Settings > Add/Edit: Manual LABEL DESCRIPTION Tunnel access from local IP addresses Specify the IP addresses of the devices behind the ZyXEL Device that can use the VPN tunnel. The local IP addresses must correspond to the remote IPSec router's configured remote IP addresses. Two active SAs cannot have the local and remote IP address(es) both the same. Two active SAs can have the same local or remote IP address, but not both.
Chapter 21 IPSec Table 88 IPSec Settings > Add/Edit: Manual LABEL DESCRIPTION Encryption Algorithm Select DES, 3DES, AES(aes-cbc) or ESP_NULL from the drop-down list box. When you use one of these encryption algorithms for data communications, both the sending device and the receiving device must use the same secret key, which can be used to encrypt and decrypt the message or to generate and verify a message authentication code. The DES encryption algorithm uses a 56-bit key.
Chapter 21 IPSec 21.4.1 IPSec Architecture The overall IPSec architecture is shown as follows. Figure 121 IPSec Architecture IPSec Algorithms The ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) Protocol (RFC 2406) and AH (Authentication Header) protocol (RFC 2402) describe the packet formats and the default standards for packet structure (including implementation algorithms). The Encryption Algorithm describes the use of encryption techniques such as DES (Data Encryption Standard) and Triple DES algorithms.
Chapter 21 IPSec 21.4.2 Encapsulation The two modes of operation for IPSec VPNs are Transport mode and Tunnel mode. At the time of writing, the ZyXEL Device supports Tunnel mode only. Figure 122 Transport and Tunnel Mode IPSec Encapsulation Transport Mode Transport mode is used to protect upper layer protocols and only affects the data in the IP packet.
Chapter 21 IPSec 21.4.3 IKE Phases There are two phases to every IKE (Internet Key Exchange) negotiation – phase 1 (Authentication) and phase 2 (Key Exchange). A phase 1 exchange establishes an IKE SA and the second one uses that SA to negotiate SAs for IPSec. Figure 123 Two Phases to Set Up the IPSec SA In phase 1 you must: • Choose a negotiation mode. • Authenticate the connection by entering a pre-shared key. • Choose an encryption algorithm. • Choose an authentication algorithm.
Chapter 21 IPSec 21.4.4 Negotiation Mode The phase 1 Negotiation Mode you select determines how the Security Association (SA) will be established for each connection through IKE negotiations. • Main Mode ensures the highest level of security when the communicating parties are negotiating authentication (phase 1). It uses 6 messages in three round trips: SA negotiation, Diffie-Hellman exchange and an exchange of nonces (a nonce is a random number).
Chapter 21 IPSec Transport mode ESP with authentication is not compatible with NAT. Table 89 VPN and NAT SECURITY PROTOCOL MODE NAT AH Transport N AH Tunnel N ESP Transport N ESP Tunnel Y 21.4.6 VPN, NAT, and NAT Traversal NAT is incompatible with the AH protocol in both transport and tunnel mode.
Chapter 21 IPSec Finally, NAT is compatible with ESP in tunnel mode because integrity checks are performed over the combination of the "original header plus original payload," which is unchanged by a NAT device. The compatibility of AH and ESP with NAT in tunnel and transport modes is summarized in the following table.
Chapter 21 IPSec Table 91 Local ID Type and Content Fields LOCAL ID TYPE= E-mail CONTENT= Type an e-mail address (up to 31 characters) by which to identify this ZyXEL Device. The domain name or e-mail address that you use in the Local ID Content field is used for identification purposes only and does not need to be a real domain name or e-mail address. 21.4.7.1 ID Type and Content Examples Two IPSec routers must have matching ID type and content configuration in order to set up a VPN tunnel.
Chapter 21 IPSec 21.4.9 Diffie-Hellman (DH) Key Groups Diffie-Hellman (DH) is a public-key cryptography protocol that allows two parties to establish a shared secret over an unsecured communications channel. DiffieHellman is used within IKE SA setup to establish session keys. 768-bit, 1024-bit 1536-bit, 2048-bit, and 3072-bit Diffie-Hellman groups are supported. Upon completion of the Diffie-Hellman exchange, the two peers have a shared secret, but the IKE SA is not authenticated.
CHAPTER 22 Service Control 22.1 Overview This chapter provides information on the Service Control screens. Service Control allows you to manage your ZyXEL Device from a remote location through the following interfaces: • LAN • WAN Note: The ZyXEL Device is managed using the Web Configurator. 22.2 The Service Control Screen Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) users can use which service(s) to manage the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 22 Service Control Click Security Settings > Service Control to open the following screen. Figure 125 Security Settings > Service Control The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 94 Security Settings > Service Control LABEL DESCRIPTION General # This is the index number of the entry. Services Name This is the service you may use to access the ZyXEL Device.
CHAPTER 23 ARP Table 23.1 Overview Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine address, also known as a Media Access Control or MAC address, on the local area network. An IP (version 4) address is 32 bits long. In an Ethernet LAN, MAC addresses are 48 bits long. The ARP Table maintains an association between each MAC address and its corresponding IP address. 23.1.
Chapter 23 ARP Table 23.2 ARP Table Screen Use the ARP table to view IP-to-MAC address mapping(s). To open this screen, click System Monitor > ARP Table. Figure 126 System Monitor > ARP Table The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 95 System Monitor > ARP Table 272 LABEL DESCRIPTION # This is the ARP table entry number. IP Address This is the learned IP address of a device connected to a port. MAC Address This is the MAC address of the device with the listed IP address.
CHAPTER 24 Logs 24.1 Overview The web configurator allows you to choose which categories of events and/or alerts to have the ZyXEL Device log and then display the logs or have the ZyXEL Device send them to an administrator (as e-mail) or to a syslog server. 24.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter • Use the System Log screen to see the system logs for the categories that you select (Section 24.2 on page 274).
Chapter 24 Logs Refer to the documentation of your syslog program for details. The following table describes the syslog severity levels. Table 96 Syslog Severity Levels CODE SEVERITY 0 Emergency: The system is unusable. 1 Alert: Action must be taken immediately. 2 Critical: The system condition is critical. 3 Error: There is an error condition on the system. 4 Warning: There is a warning condition on the system. 5 Notice: There is a normal but significant condition on the system.
Chapter 24 Logs The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 97 System Monitor > Log > System Log LABEL DESCRIPTION Level Select a severity level from the drop-down list box. This filters search results according to the severity level you have selected. When you select a severity, the ZyXEL Device searches through all logs of that severity or higher. Category Select the type of logs to display. Clear Log Click this to delete all the logs.
Chapter 24 Logs The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 98 System Monitor > Log > Security Log LABEL DESCRIPTION Level Select a severity level from the drop-down list box. This filters search results according to the severity level you have selected. When you select a severity, the ZyXEL Device searches through all logs of that severity or higher. Category Select the type of logs to display. Clear Log Click this to delete all the logs.
CHAPTER 25 Traffic Status 25.1 Overview Use the Traffic Status screens to look at network traffic status and statistics of the WAN and LAN interfaces. 25.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter • Use the WAN screen to view the WAN traffic statistics (Section 25.2 on page 278). • Use the LAN screen to view the LAN traffic statistics (Section 25.3 on page 280).
Chapter 25 Traffic Status 25.2 The WAN Status Screen Click System Monitor > Traffic Status to open the WAN screen. The figure in this screen shows the number of bytes received and sent on the ZyXEL Device. Figure 129 System Monitor > Traffic Status > WAN The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 99 System Monitor > Traffic Status > WAN LABEL DESCRIPTION Connected Interface This shows the name of the WAN interface that is currently connected.
Chapter 25 Traffic Status Table 99 System Monitor > Traffic Status > WAN LABEL DESCRIPTION Packets Sent Data This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface. Error This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this interface. Drop This indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface. Packets Received Data This indicates the number of received packets on this interface.
Chapter 25 Traffic Status 25.3 The LAN Status Screen Click System Monitor > Traffic Status > LAN to open the following screen. The figure in this screen shows the interface that is currently connected on the ZyXEL Device. Figure 130 System Monitor > Traffic Status > LAN The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 100 System Monitor > Traffic Status > LAN 280 LABEL DESCRIPTION Polls Interval(s) Select how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen.
Chapter 25 Traffic Status Table 100 System Monitor > Traffic Status > LAN LABEL DESCRIPTION Packets Sent Data This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface. Error This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this interface. Drop This indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface. Packets Received Data This indicates the number of received packets on this interface.
Chapter 25 Traffic Status 282 VSG1435-B101 Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 26 IGMP Status 26.1 Overview Use the IGMP Status screens to look at IGMP group status and traffic statistics. 26.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter • Use the IGMP Group screen to look at the current list of multicast groups the ZyXEL Device has joined and which ports have joined each (Section 26.2 on page 283. • Use the IGMP Statistics screen to look at the current number of IGMP-related packets received for each IGMP multicast group and from each LAN host (Section 26.3 on page 284). 26.
Chapter 26 IGMP Status Table 101 System Monitor > IGMP Group Status > IGMP Group (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Filter Mode INCLUDE means that only the IP addresses in the Source List get to receive the multicast group’s traffic. EXCLUDE means that the IP addresses in the Source List are not allowed to receive the multicast group’s traffic but other IP addresses can.
Chapter 26 IGMP Status Table 102 System Monitor > IGMP Group Status > IGMP Statistics (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Host Address This field displays the IP address of a LAN computer that has sent the ZyXEL Device IGMP-related packets. Last Report Time This field displays when the ZyXEL Device received the latest packet from this LAN IP address for this IGMP multicast group.
Chapter 26 IGMP Status 286 VSG1435-B101 Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 27 Users Configuration 27.1 Overview In the Users Configuration screen, you can view, add, and configure user accounts of the ZyXEL Device. 27.2 The Users Configuration Screen Click Maintenance > Users Configuration to open the following screen.
Chapter 27 Users Configuration The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 103 Maintenance > Users Configuration LABEL DESCRIPTION Advanced Account Security Turn on advanced account security to enforce tighter security for the ZyXEL Device’s user accounts. This includes: • • • • The user names must be a minimum length of six characters and include both letters and numbers.
Chapter 27 Users Configuration 27.2.1 Add/Edit a Users Account Use this screen to add or edit a users account. Click Add new user in the Users Configuration screen or the Edit icon next to the user account you want to edit. The screen shown next appears. Figure 134 Users Configuration: Add/Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 104 Users Configuration: Add/Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION User Name This field is read-only if you are editing the user account.
Chapter 27 Users Configuration Table 104 Users Configuration: Add/Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Expire Period Enter a number of days to specify how many days this user’s password is available. Retry Times The ZyXEL Device can lock a user out if you use a wrong user name or password to log in the ZyXEL Device. Enter up to how many times a user can re-enter his/her account information before the ZyXEL Device locks the user out.
CHAPTER 28 Remote Management 28.1 Overview This chapter explains how to configure the ZyXEL Device’s TR-069 and TR-064 auto-configuration settings. 28.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter • The TR-069 screen lets you configure the ZyXEL Device’s TR-069 autoconfiguration settings (Section 28.2 on page 291). • The TR-064 screen lets you enable management via TR-064 on the ZyXEL Device (Section 28.3 on page 293). 28.
Chapter 28 Remote Management Click Maintenance > Remote Management > TR-069 Client to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure your ZyXEL Device to be managed by an ACS. Figure 135 Maintenance > Remote Management > TR-069 Client The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 105 Maintenance > Remote Management > TR-069 Client 292 LABEL DESCRIPTION Inform Select Enable for the ZyXEL Device to send periodic inform via TR-069 on the WAN. Otherwise, select Disable.
Chapter 28 Remote Management Table 105 Maintenance > Remote Management > TR-069 Client LABEL DESCRIPTION Connection Request Password Enter the connection request password. Connection Request URL This shows the connection request URL. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving. When the ACS makes a connection request to the ZyXEL Device, this password is used to authenticate the ACS.
Chapter 28 Remote Management 294 VSG1435-B101 Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 29 Time Settings 29.1 Overview This chapter shows you how to configure system related settings, such as system time, password, name, the domain name and the inactivity timeout interval. 29.2 The Time Setting Screen To change your ZyXEL Device’s time and date, click Maintenance > Time Setting. The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the ZyXEL Device’s time based on your local time zone.
Chapter 29 Time Settings The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 107 Maintenance > Time Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION Current Date/Time System Time This field displays the time and fate of your ZyXEL Device. Each time you reload this page, the ZyXEL Device synchronizes the time and date with the time server. NTP Time Server First ~ Fifth NTP time server Select an NTP time server from the drop-down list box.
Chapter 29 Time Settings Table 107 Maintenance > Time Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION End rule Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you enabled Daylight Saving. You can select a specific date in a particular month or a specific day of a specific week in a particular month. The Time field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples: Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the first Sunday of November.
Chapter 29 Time Settings 298 VSG1435-B101 Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 30 Logs Setting 30.1 Overview You can configure where the ZyXEL Device sends logs and which logs and/or immediate alerts the ZyXEL Device records in the Logs Setting screen. 30.2 The Log Settings Screen To change your ZyXEL Device’s log settings, click Maintenance > Logs Setting. The screen appears as shown.
Chapter 30 Logs Setting The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 108 Maintenance > Logs Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION Syslog Logging The ZyXEL Device sends a log to an external syslog server. Active Select the Active check box to enable syslog logging. Mode Select the syslog destination from the drop-down list box. If you select Remote, the log(s) will be sent to a remote syslog server. If you select Local File, the log(s) will be saved in a local file.
Chapter 30 Logs Setting Table 108 Maintenance > Logs Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION System Log Select the categories of system logs that you want to record. Security Log Select the categories of security logs that you want to record. Send immediate alert Select log categories for which you want the ZyXEL Device to send E-mail alerts immediately. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings. 30.2.
Chapter 30 Logs Setting 302 VSG1435-B101 Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 31 Firmware Upgrade 31.1 Overview This chapter explains how to upload new firmware to your ZyXEL Device. You can download new firmware releases from your nearest ZyXEL FTP site (or www.zyxel.com) to use to upgrade your device’s performance. Only use firmware for your device’s specific model. Refer to the label on the bottom of your ZyXEL Device. 31.2 The Firmware Screen Click Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade to open the following screen.
Chapter 31 Firmware Upgrade Table 109 Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade LABEL DESCRIPTION Browse... Click this to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Upload Click this to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes. After you see the firmware updating screen, wait two minutes before logging into the ZyXEL Device again.
CHAPTER 32 Configuration 32.1 Overview The Configuration screen allows you to backup and restore device configurations. You can also reset your device settings back to the factory default. 32.2 The Configuration Screen Click Maintenance > Configuration. Information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears in this screen, as shown next.
Chapter 32 Configuration Click Backup to save the ZyXEL Device’s current configuration to your computer. Restore Configuration Restore Configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your ZyXEL Device. Table 110 Restore Configuration LABEL DESCRIPTION File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ... to find it. Browse... Click this to find the file you want to upload.
Chapter 32 Configuration If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click OK to go back to the Configuration screen. Figure 146 Configuration Upload Error Reset to Factory Defaults Click the Reset button to clear all user-entered configuration information and return the ZyXEL Device to its factory defaults. The following warning screen appears.
Chapter 32 Configuration 32.3 The Reboot Screen System restart allows you to reboot the ZyXEL Device remotely without turning the power off. You may need to do this if the ZyXEL Device hangs, for example. Click Maintenance > Reboot. Click Reboot to have the ZyXEL Device reboot. This does not affect the ZyXEL Device's configuration.
CHAPTER 33 Diagnostic 33.1 Overview You can use different diagnostic methods to test a connection and see detailed results. These read-only screens display information to help you identify problems with the ZyXEL Device. 33.2 The Diagnostic Screen Use this screen to ping, traceroute, or nslookup an IP address. Click Maintenance > Diagnostic > Ping & TraceRoute & NsLookup to open the screen shown next.
Chapter 33 Diagnostic The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 111 Maintenance > Diagnostic > Ping & TraceRoute & NsLookup 310 LABEL DESCRIPTION URL or IP Address Type the IP address of a computer that you want to perform ping, traceroute, or nslookup in order to test a connection. Ping Click this to ping the IP address that you entered. TraceRoute Click this button to perform the traceroute function. This determines the path a packet takes to the specified computer.
CHAPTER 34 Troubleshooting This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. • Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs • ZyXEL Device Access and Login • Internet Access 34.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs The ZyXEL Device does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on. 1 Make sure the ZyXEL Device is turned on. 2 Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 34 Troubleshooting 2 Check the hardware connections. 3 Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables. 4 Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. 5 If the problem continues, contact the vendor. 34.2 ZyXEL Device Access and Login I forgot the IP address for the ZyXEL Device. 1 The default LAN IP address is 192.168.1.1.
Chapter 34 Troubleshooting • If you changed the IP address (Section 8.2 on page 134), use the new IP address. • If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I forgot the IP address for the ZyXEL Device. 2 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See Section 1.6 on page 29. 3 Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java enabled. See Appendix C on page 359.
Chapter 34 Troubleshooting I cannot Telnet to the ZyXEL Device. 1 See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser. 2 Check the service control settings for Telnet. See Chapter 22 on page 269. I cannot use FTP to upload / download the configuration file. / I cannot use FTP to upload new firmware. 1 See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator.
Chapter 34 Troubleshooting I cannot access the Internet through a DSL connection. 1 Make sure you have the DSL WAN port connected to a telephone jack (or the DSL or modem jack on a splitter if you have one). 2 Make sure you configured a proper DSL WAN interface (Network Settings > Broadband screen) with the Internet account information provided by your ISP and that it is enabled.
Chapter 34 Troubleshooting I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the ZyXEL Device), but my Internet connection is not available anymore. 1 Your session with the ZyXEL Device may have expired. Try logging into the ZyXEL Device again. 2 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See Section 1.6 on page 29 and Section 1.7 on page 30. 3 Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. 4 If the problem continues, contact your ISP. 34.
Chapter 34 Troubleshooting What is a Server Set ID (SSID)? An SSID is a name that uniquely identifies a wireless network. The AP and all the clients within a wireless network must use the same SSID. What wireless security modes does my ZyXEL Device support? Wireless security is vital to your network. It protects communications between wireless stations, access points and the wired network.
Chapter 34 Troubleshooting 318 VSG1435-B101 Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 35 Product Specifications The following tables summarize the ZyXEL Device’s hardware and firmware features. 35.1 Hardware Specifications Table 112 Hardware Specifications Dimensions 210 (L) x 153 (W) x 40 (H) mm Weight 471 g Power Adaptor Output 12 V 1.5 A Power Adaptor Input 100 ~ 240 VAC 50~60HZ RESET Button Restores factory defaults WLAN/WPS Button If the wireless network is turned off, press the WLAN/WPS button on the front of the ZyXEL Device for two seconds.
Chapter 35 Product Specifications Table 112 Hardware Specifications (continued) Storage Temperature -20º ~ 60º C Operation Humidity 20% ~ 85% RH (non-condensing) Storage Humidity 20% ~ 90% RH (non-condensing) 35.2 Firmware Specifications Table 113 Firmware Specifications Default IP Address 192.168.1.1 Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) Default User Name admin Default Password 1234 DHCP Server IP Pool 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.
Chapter 35 Product Specifications Table 113 Firmware Specifications (continued) IP Multicast IP multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of computers. The ZyXEL Device supports versions 2 and 3 of IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) used to join multicast groups (see RFC 2236). Time and Date Get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your ZyXEL Device. You can also set the time manually. These dates and times are then used in logs.
Chapter 35 Product Specifications Table 113 Firmware Specifications (continued) VDSL Standards ITU-T G.993.1 VDSL Annex A (North American) Standard ITU G.993.
Chapter 35 Product Specifications Table 113 Firmware Specifications (continued) ADSL Standards ADSL ITU-T G.992.1 (G.dmt), Annex A and ETSI TS 101 388 V1.3.1 (05/2002) 1TR112 (U-R2 Deutsche Telekom AG) Version 7.0 including support of Dying Gasp and report of Self-Test-Result (ATU-T Register#3) EOC as specified in ITU-T G.992.1 (G.dmt) Handshake ITU G.994.1 (G.
Chapter 35 Product Specifications The following list, which is not exhaustive, illustrates the standards supported in the ZyXEL Device.
APPENDIX A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address All computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter card and TCP/IP installed. Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP/Vista, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to install and use TCP/IP on your computer. Windows 3.1 requires the purchase of a third-party TCP/IP application package.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address Windows 95/98/Me Click Start, Settings, Control Panel and double-click the Network icon to open the Network window. Figure 151 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: Configuration Installing Components The Network window Configuration tab displays a list of installed components. You need a network adapter, the TCP/IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks. If you need the adapter: 1 In the Network window, click Add. 2 Select Adapter and then click Add.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 3 Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers. 4 Select TCP/IP from the list of network protocols and then click OK. If you need Client for Microsoft Networks: 1 Click Add. 2 Select Client and then click Add. 3 Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers. 4 Select Client for Microsoft Networks from the list of network clients and then click OK. 5 Restart your computer so the changes you made take effect.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 3 Click the DNS Configuration tab. • If you do not know your DNS information, select Disable DNS. • If you know your DNS information, select Enable DNS and type the information in the fields below (you may not need to fill them all in). Figure 153 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration 4 Click the Gateway tab. • If you do not know your gateway’s IP address, remove previously installed gateways.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address Windows 2000/NT/XP The following example figures use the default Windows XP GUI theme. 1 Click start (Start in Windows 2000/NT), Settings, Control Panel. Figure 154 Windows XP: Start Menu 2 In the Control Panel, double-click Network Connections (Network and Dialup Connections in Windows 2000/NT).
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 3 Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties. Figure 156 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties 4 Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (under the General tab in Win XP) and then click Properties. Figure 157 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties 5 330 The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens (the General tab in Windows XP).
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address • If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically. • If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields. • Click Advanced. Figure 158 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties 6 If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP Settings tab and click OK.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address • Click OK when finished. Figure 159 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Properties 7 In the Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window (the General tab in Windows XP): • Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es). • If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them. Figure 160 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties 8 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. 9 Click Close (OK in Windows 2000/NT) to close the Local Area Connection Properties window. 10 Close the Network Connections window (Network and Dial-up Connections in Windows 2000/NT).
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 1 Click the Start icon, Control Panel. Figure 161 Windows Vista: Start Menu 2 In the Control Panel, double-click Network and Internet. Figure 162 Windows Vista: Control Panel 3 Click Network and Sharing Center.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 4 Click Manage network connections. Figure 164 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center 5 Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties. Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 6 Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click Properties. Figure 166 Windows Vista: Local Area Connection Properties 7 The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens (the General tab). • If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically. • If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address • Click Advanced. Figure 167 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties 8 If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP Settings tab and click OK. Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses: • In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address • Click OK when finished. Figure 168 Windows Vista: Advanced TCP/IP Properties 9 In the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window, (the General tab): • Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es). • If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them. Figure 169 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties 10 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window. 11 Click Close to close the Local Area Connection Properties window. 12 Close the Network Connections window. 13 Turn on your ZyXEL Device and restart your computer (if prompted).
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address Macintosh OS 8/9 1 Click the Apple menu, Control Panel and double-click TCP/IP to open the TCP/ IP Control Panel.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 2 Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list. Figure 171 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP 3 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP Server from the Configure: list. 4 For statically assigned settings, do the following: • From the Configure box, select Manually. • Type your IP address in the IP Address box. • Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box. • Type the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in the Router address box.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address Macintosh OS X 1 Click the Apple menu, and click System Preferences to open the System Preferences window. Figure 172 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu 2 Click Network in the icon bar. • Select Automatic from the Location list. • Select Built-in Ethernet from the Show list. • Click the TCP/IP tab. 3 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure list.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address • From the Configure box, select Manually. • Type your IP address in the IP Address box. • Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box. • Type the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in the Router address box. 5 Click Apply Now and close the window. 6 Turn on your ZyXEL Device and restart your computer (if prompted). Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties in the Network window.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 2 Double-click on the profile of the network card you wish to configure. The Ethernet Device General screen displays as shown. Figure 175 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Ethernet Device: General • If you have a dynamic IP address, click Automatically obtain IP address settings with and select dhcp from the drop down list. • If you have a static IP address, click Statically set IP Addresses and fill in the Address, Subnet mask, and Default Gateway Address fields.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 6 Click the Activate button to apply the changes. The following screen displays. Click Yes to save the changes in all screens. Figure 177 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Activate 7 After the network card restart process is complete, make sure the Status is Active in the Network Configuration screen. Using Configuration Files Follow the steps below to edit the network configuration files and set your computer IP address.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address • If you have a static IP address, enter static in the BOOTPROTO= field. Type IPADDR= followed by the IP address (in dotted decimal notation) and type NETMASK= followed by the subnet mask. The following example shows an example where the static IP address is 192.168.1.10 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Figure 179 Red Hat 9.0: Static IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.1.10 NETMASK=255.255.255.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address Verifying Settings Enter ifconfig in a terminal screen to check your TCP/IP properties. Figure 182 Red Hat 9.0: Checking TCP/IP Properties [root@localhost]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:BA:72:5B:44 inet addr:172.23.19.129 Bcast:172.23.19.255 Mask:255.255.255.
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 348 VSG1435-B101 Series User’s Guide
APPENDIX B IP Addresses and Subnetting This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts. Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID. Figure 183 Network Number and Host ID How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask.
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits. Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value). For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes.
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting Notation Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128.
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows the company network before subnetting. Figure 184 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting You can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25). The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25. The following figure shows the company network after subnetting.
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address). 192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126.
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 121 Subnet 3 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE IP Address 192.168.1. 128 IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000 Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Subnet Address: 192.168.1.128 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129 Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.191 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190 Table 122 Subnet 4 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE IP Address 192.168.1.
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting Subnet Planning The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number. Table 124 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 1 255.255.255.128 (/25) 2 126 2 255.255.255.192 (/26) 4 62 3 255.255.255.224 (/27) 8 30 4 255.255.255.240 (/28) 16 14 5 255.255.255.248 (/29) 32 6 6 255.255.255.252 (/30) 64 2 7 255.255.255.
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0.
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting 358 VSG1435-B101 Series User’s Guide
APPENDIX C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions In order to use the web configurator you need to allow: • Web browser pop-up windows from your device. • JavaScripts (enabled by default). • Java permissions (enabled by default). Note: Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary. Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device.
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy. 2 Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 187 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Click Apply to save this setting. Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 2 Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen. Figure 188 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1.
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 4 Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites. Figure 189 Pop-up Blocker Settings 5 Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6 Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScripts If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed.
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 1 In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 190 Internet Options: Security 2 Click the Custom Level... button. 3 Scroll down to Scripting. 4 Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 5 Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 6 Click OK to close the window. Figure 191 Security Settings - Java Scripting Java Permissions 364 1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. 2 Click the Custom Level... button. 3 Scroll down to Microsoft VM. 4 Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 5 Click OK to close the window. Figure 192 Security Settings - Java JAVA (Sun) 1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2 Make sure that Use Java 2 for
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 3 Click OK to close the window. Figure 193 Java (Sun) Mozilla Firefox Mozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary. You can enable Java, Javascripts and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the screen that appears.
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Click Content.to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 368 VSG1435-B101 Series User’s Guide
APPENDIX D Wireless LANs Wireless LAN Topologies This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies. Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS).
Appendix D Wireless LANs with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other. Figure 197 Basic Service Set ESS An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS). This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN.
Appendix D Wireless LANs An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate. Figure 198 Infrastructure WLAN Channel A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data. Channels available depend on your geographical area.
Appendix D Wireless LANs hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other. Figure 199 RTS/CTS When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel.
Appendix D Wireless LANs Fragmentation Threshold A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames. A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.
Appendix D Wireless LANs The following figure shows the relative effectiveness of these wireless security methods available on your ZyXEL Device. Table 127 Wireless Security Levels SECURITY LEVEL Least Secure SECURITY TYPE Unique SSID (Default) Unique SSID with Hide SSID Enabled MAC Address Filtering WEP Encryption IEEE802.
Appendix D Wireless LANs • Authorization Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network. • Accounting Keeps track of the client’s network activity. RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless client and the network RADIUS server.
Appendix D Wireless LANs EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE 802.1x transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server perform authentication. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that supports IEEE 802.1x.
Appendix D Wireless LANs TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2. PEAP (Protected EAP) Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity.
Appendix D Wireless LANs WPA and WPA2 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication. If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption.
Appendix D Wireless LANs The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped.
Appendix D Wireless LANs The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it. WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example To set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.
Appendix D Wireless LANs 2 The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password matches. 3 The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID. 4 The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys.
Appendix D Wireless LANs Table 129 Wireless Security Relational Matrix (continued) AUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL ENCRYPTIO ENTER IEEE 802.1X N METHOD MANUAL KEY WPA2 TKIP/AES No Enable WPA2-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable Antenna Overview An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air.
Appendix D Wireless LANs Types of Antennas for WLAN There are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications. • Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access points.
Appendix D Wireless LANs 384 VSG1435-B101 Series User’s Guide
APPENDIX E Services The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. • Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like. • Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/ UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number.
Appendix E Services Table 130 Examples of Services 386 NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION AH (IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined 51 The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service. AIM TCP 5190 AOL’s Internet Messenger service. AUTH TCP 113 Authentication protocol used by some servers. BGP TCP 179 Border Gateway Protocol. BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 DHCP Client. BOOTP_SERVER UDP 67 DHCP Server.
Appendix E Services Table 130 Examples of Services (continued) NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION MSN Messenger TCP 1863 Microsoft Networks’ messenger service uses this protocol. NetBIOS TCP/UDP 137 TCP/UDP 138 The Network Basic Input/Output System is used for communication between computers in a LAN. TCP/UDP 139 TCP/UDP 445 NEW-ICQ TCP 5190 An Internet chat program. NEWS TCP 144 A protocol for news groups.
Appendix E Services Table 130 Examples of Services (continued) 388 NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION SFTP TCP 115 The Simple File Transfer Protocol is an old way of transferring files between computers. SMTP TCP 25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another. SMTPS TCP 465 This is a more secure version of SMTP that runs over SSL. SNMP TCP/UDP 161 Simple Network Management Program.
APPENDIX F Legal Information Copyright Copyright © 2010 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation. Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Appendix F Legal Information • This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations. This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
Appendix F Legal Information 本機限在不干擾合法電臺與不受被干擾保障條件下於室內使用。 減少電磁波影響，請妥適使用。 Notices Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
Appendix F Legal Information purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser. To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit be insured when shipped.
Index Index A Basic Service Set, See BSS 369 ACL rule 226 blinking LEDs 31 ACS 291 broadcast 80 activation firewalls 221 SIP ALG 190 SSID 105 BSS 121, 369 example 122 Address Resolution Protocol 271 administrator password 36 Basic Service Set, see BSS C ADSL compliance 323 dual latency 323 EOC 323 multi-mode 323 TPS-TC 323 vendor ID 323 CA 237, 376 AH 261 Certificate Authority See CA.
Index firewalls 221 reset 307 restoring 306 static route 153, 200, 289 copyright 389 CoS 171 CoS technologies 156 E EAP Authentication 375 ECHO 194 e-mail log example 301 CTS (Clear to Send) 372 encapsulation 79, 262 PPPoA 90 PPPoE 90 CTS threshold 114, 117 encryption 120, 378 creating certificates 239 ESP 261 ESS 370 D Extended Service Set IDentification 98, 106 Extended Service Set, See ESS 370 data fragment threshold 114, 117 DDoS 220 default server address 189 Denials of Service, see DoS F D
Index H hidden node 371 HTTP 194 humidity 320 Internet Protocol Security, see IPSec IP address 80, 91, 132, 148 ping 309 private 149 IP alias NAT applications 194 IP multicasting 323 I IANA 357 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority see IANA IP Sec 249 IPSec 249 algorithms 261 architecture 261 NAT 264 see also VPN IBSS 369 ID type and content 266 IEEE 802.11g 373 IEEE 802.
Index MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) 94 multicast 80 IGMP 80 P Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 378, 381 Multiple BSS, see MBSSID passwords 35, 36 multiplexing 91 LLC-based 91 VC-based 91 PBC 124 PCR 92 Per-Hop Behavior, see PHB 171 PHB 171 N PIN, WPS 125 example 126 Ping of Death 220 NAT 179, 180, 181, 191, 192, 357 applications 194 IP alias 194 example 193 global 192 IGA 192 ILA 192 inside 192 IPSec 264 local 192 outside 192 port forwarding 180 port number 194 services 194 SIP ALG 190 activation 190 traversal 2
Index Quality of Service, see QoS firewalls 221 static route 153, 200, 289 shaping traffic 92 R RADIUS 374 message types 375 messages 375 shared secret key 375 Single Rate Three Color Marker, see srTCM SIP ALG 190 activation 190 SMTP 194 SNMP 194, 323 SNMP trap 195 RADIUS server 119 SPI 220, 257 registration product 392 srTCM 173 related documentation 3 remote management TR-069 291 SSID 118 activation 105 MBSSID 122 reset 32, 307 static route 151 configuration 153, 200, 289 example 151 restart 3
Index T Tag Control Information See TCI Tag Protocol Identifier See TPID TCI temperature 319 thresholds data fragment 114, 117 RTS/CTS 114, 117 time 295 TPID 94 TR-064 293 VCI 91 VDSL 322 band plans 322 HDLC 322 INP 322 MCM 322 profiles 322 SNR 322 SNRM 322 SRA 322 tone spacing 322 TPS-TC 322 US0 types 322 TR-069 291 ACS setup 291 authentication 292 VID trademarks 389 VLAN 93 Introduction 93 number of possible VIDs priority frame static traffic shaping 92 example 92 transparent bridging 323 transport
Index note 391 WDS 111, 123 compatibility 111 example 123 web configurator 35 login 35 passwords 35, 36 WEP 120 WEP Encryption 101, 102 WEP encryption 100 WLAN interference 371 security parameters 381 WPA 120, 378 key caching 379 pre-authentication 379 user authentication 379 vs WPA-PSK 379 wireless client supplicant 379 with RADIUS application example 380 wireless client WPA supplicants 379 WPA2 378 user authentication 379 vs WPA2-PSK 379 wireless client supplicant 379 with RADIUS application example 38
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