Wireless Gateway Series User's Guide

ManualsBrandsZyXEL Communications ManualsNetwork RouterZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series

ZyAIR

Wireless Gateway Series

User's Guide

Version 3.50

May 2004

Summary of content (420 pages)

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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User's Guide Version 3.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Copyright Copyright © 2004 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement This device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: • This device may not cause harmful interference. • This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Customer Support Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support. • • • • Product model and serial number. Warranty Information. Date that you received your device. Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it. METHOD SUPPORT E-MAIL SALES E-MAIL LOCATION WORLDWIDE support@zyxel.com.tw TELEPHONE1 FAX 1 +886-3-578-3942 WEB SITE FTP SITE www.zyxel.com www.europe.zyxel.com sales@zyxel.com.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide METHOD LOCATION SWEDEN FINLAND vi SUPPORT E-MAIL SALES E-MAIL TELEPHONE1 FAX 1 support@zyxel.se +46 31 744 7700 sales@zyxel.se +46 31 744 7701 support@zyxel.fi +358-9-4780-8411 sales@zyxel.fi +358-9-4780 8448 WEB SITE REGULAR MAIL FTP SITE www.zyxel.se ZyXEL Communications A/S Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg Sweden www.zyxel.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table of Contents Copyright .........................................................................................................................................................ii Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement .....................................................iii ZyXEL Limited Warranty.............................................................................................................................
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 4.1 System Overview .......................................................................................................................4-1 4.2 Configuring General Setup ........................................................................................................4-1 4.3 Dynamic DNS............................................................................................................................4-2 4.3.1 DYNDNS Wildcard .......................
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 7.10 Security Parameters Summary .................................................................................................7-11 7.11 Wireless Client WPA Supplicants............................................................................................7-12 7.12 Configuring 802.1x and WPA..................................................................................................7-12 7.12.1 Authentication Required: 802.1x ............................
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 11 Introduction to Firewalls ....................................................................................................... 11-1 11.1 Firewall Overview ...................................................................................................................11-1 11.2 Types of Firewalls....................................................................................................................11-1 11.2.1 Packet Filtering Firewalls ..
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide UPNP AND LOGS........................................................................................................................................ VI Chapter 14 UPnP Screen ...........................................................................................................................14-1 14.1 Universal Plug and Play Overview ..........................................................................................14-1 14.1.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 17.3 Changing the System Password ...............................................................................................17-2 17.4 ZyAIR SMT Menu Overview Example...................................................................................17-3 17.5 Navigating the SMT Interface..................................................................................................17-5 17.5.1 System Management Terminal Interface Summary........................
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 23.4.1 Example 1: Internet Access Only.....................................................................................23-9 23.4.2 Example 2: Internet Access with an Inside Server .........................................................23-11 23.4.3 Example 3: Multiple Public IP Addresses With Inside Servers .....................................23-11 23.4.4 Example 4: NAT Unfriendly Application Programs ......................................................
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 28.2.3 Example of FTP Commands from the Command Line....................................................28-4 28.2.4 GUI-based FTP Clients....................................................................................................28-4 28.2.5 TFTP and FTP over WAN Management Limitations ......................................................28-4 28.2.6 Backup Configuration Using TFTP .............................................................................
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................................. XI Appendix A Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................A-1 Problems Starting Up the ZyAIR .........................................................................................................
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide List of Figures Figure 1-1 Internet Access Application Example ...........................................................................................1-7 Figure 2-1 Web Browser Address Field ..........................................................................................................2-1 Figure 2-2 Change Password Screen ..............................................................................................................
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 8-2 Service Type .................................................................................................................................. 8-2 Figure 8-3 PPPoE Encapsulation ...................................................................................................................... 8-4 Figure 8-4 PPTP Encapsulation ........................................................................................................................
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 16-4 Association List.........................................................................................................................16-5 Figure 16-5 Channel Usage (ZyAIR B-2000)...............................................................................................16-6 Figure 16-6 Channel Usage ..........................................................................................................................
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 23-1 Menu 4 Internet Access Setup .................................................................................................. 23-1 Figure 23-2 Menu 11.3 Remote Node Network Layer Options ................................................................... 23-2 Figure 23-3 Menu 15 NAT Setup................................................................................................................. 23-3 Figure 23-4 Menu 15.1 Address Mapping Sets.....
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 26-5 Menu 23.4 System Security : IEEE802.1x................................................................................26-4 Figure 27-1 Menu 24 System Maintenance ..................................................................................................27-1 Figure 27-2 Menu 24.1 System Maintenance : Status ..................................................................................27-2 Figure 27-3 Menu 24.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 31-3 Applying Schedule Set(s) to a Remote Node (PPTP)...............................................................
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide List of Tables Table 1-1 Model Specific Features................................................................................................................. 1-1 Table 3-1 Wizard 1: General Setup ................................................................................................................ 3-3 Table 3-2 Wizard 2: Wireless LAN Setup ......................................................................................................
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 11-2 ICMP Commands That Trigger Alerts ........................................................................................11-6 Table 11-3 Legal NetBIOS Commands ........................................................................................................11-6 Table 11-4 Legal SMTP Commands.............................................................................................................11-7 Table 12-1 Firewall Settings ...............
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 20-1 Internet Account Information..................................................................................................... 20-1 Table 20-2 Menu 4 Internet Access Setup.................................................................................................... 20-2 Table 21-1 Menu 11.1 Remote Node Profile................................................................................................ 21-2 Table 21-2 Menu 11.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Preface Congratulations on your purchase from the ZyAIR Wireless Gateway series. A wireless gateway is an access point and router rolled into one. It is a cost-effect solution to share Internet access with multiple computers and expand your wired network. Some features are not available in every model. Refer to the Model Specific Features table in Chapter 1 of this user’s guide to see what features are specific to your ZyAIR model.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide • Mouse action sequences are denoted using a comma. For example, “click the Apple icon, Control Panels and then Modem” means first click the Apple icon, then point your mouse pointer to Control Panels and then click Modem. • For brevity’s sake, we will use “e.g.,” as a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” for “that is” or “in other words” throughout this manual.
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Overview Part I: OVERVIEW This part introduces the main features and applications of the ZyAIR and shows how to access the web configurator and use the Wizard to configure for Internet Access.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your ZyAIR This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the ZyAIR. 1.1 Introducing the ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series The ZyAIR Wireless Gateway provides wireless connectivity. As an Internet gateway, your ZyAIR can share an Internet connection (through a cable or xDSL modem) with multiple computers using SUA/NAT and DHCP. The ZyAIR offers highly secured wireless connectivity to your wired network with IEEE 802.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 1-1 Model Specific Features ZYAIR MODEL B-2000 B-2000 V.2 FEATURES SPI/DoS prevention Firewall, including ACL SSL Passthrough O O O Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) O Table Key: An “O” in a model’s column shows that the model has the specified feature. A number specific to an individual model may alternately be displayed. The information in this table was correct at the time of writing, although it may be subject to change.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide ZyAIR LED The blue ZyAIR LED (also known as the Breathing LED) is on when the ZyAIR is on and blinks (or breaths) when data is being transmitted to/from its wireless stations. You may use the web configurator to turn this LED off even when the ZyAIR is on and data is being transmitted/received. 802.11b Wireless LAN Standard ZyAIR products containing the letter “B” in the model name, such as ZyAIR B-2000, ZyAIR B-2000 v.2, comply with the 802.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide connection start with “https” instead of “http”. The ZyAIR allows SSL connections to take place through the ZyAIR. Wi-Fi Protected Access Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i security specification draft. Key differences between WPA and WEP are user authentication and improved data encryption. Firewall The ZyAIR employs a stateful inspection firewall with DoS (Denial of Service) protection.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide PPTP Encapsulation Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using a TCP/IP-based network. PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide SNMP SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a protocol used for exchanging management information between network devices. SNMP is a member of the TCP/IP protocol suite. Your ZyAIR supports SNMP agent functionality, which allows a manger station to manage and monitor the ZyAIR through the network. The ZyAIR supports SNMP version one (SNMPv1) and version two c (SNMPv2c).
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 1.3 Application for the ZyAIR Here is an application example of what you can do with your ZyAIR. 1.3.1 Internet Access Application Add a wireless LAN to your existing network without expensive network cables. Wireless stations can move freely anywhere in the coverage area and use resources on the wired network.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator This chapter describes how to access the ZyAIR web configurator and provides an overview of its screens. 2.1 Web Configurator Overview The web configurator makes it easy to configure and manage the ZyAIR. The screens you see in the web configurator may vary somewhat from the ones shown in this document due to differences between individual ZyAIR models or firmware versions. 2.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 2-2 Change Password Screen Step 7. You should now see the MAIN MENU screen. The ZyAIR automatically times out after five minutes of inactivity. Simply log back into the ZyAIR if this happens to you. 2.3 Resetting the ZyAIR If you forget your password or cannot access the ZyAIR, you will need to reload the factory-default configuration file or use the RESET button on the side panel of the ZyAIR.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 2.3.2 Uploading a Configuration File via Console Port This method is only applicable to ZyAIR models with a console port, such as the ZyAIR B-2000. Step 1. Download the default configuration file from the ZyAIR FTP site, unzip it and save it in a folder. Step 2. Turn off the ZyAIR, begin a terminal emulation software session and turn on the ZyAIR again.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 2.4 Navigating the ZyAIR Web Configurator The following summarizes how to navigate the web configurator from the MAIN MENU screen. We use the ZyAIR B-2000v.2 web configurator in this guide as an example. The screen for your model may vary slightly for different ZyAIR models. Follow the instructions you see in the MAIN MENU screen or click the icon (located in the top right corner of most screens) to view online help.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 3 Wizard Setup This chapter provides information on the Wizard Setup screens in the web configurator. 3.1 Wizard Setup Overview The web configurator’s setup wizard helps you configure your ZyAIR for Internet access and set up wireless LAN. 3.1.1 Channel A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by IEEE 802.11b wireless devices. Channels available depend on your geographical area.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 3.2 Wizard Setup: General Setup General Setup contains administrative and system-related information. Figure 3-1 Wizard 1: General Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 3-1 Wizard 1: General Setup LABEL System Name DESCRIPTION It is recommended you type your computer's "Computer name". some ISPs check this name you should enter your computer's "Computer Name". In Windows 95/98 click Start, Settings, Control Panel, Network. Click the Identification tab, note the entry for the Computer Name field and enter it as the System Name. In Windows 2000, click Start, Settings, Control Panel and then double-click System.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 3-2 Wizard 2: Wireless LAN Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 3-2 Wizard 2: Wireless LAN Setup LABEL ESSID DESCRIPTION Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN. If you change this field on the ZyAIR, make sure all wireless stations use the same ESSID in order to access the network.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 3-2 Wizard 2: Wireless LAN Setup LABEL WEP Encryption DESCRIPTION Select Disable allows all wireless computers to communicate with the access points without any data encryption. Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to allow data encryption. ASCII Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as the WEP keys. HEX Select this option to enter hexadecimal characters as the WEP keys. The preceding “0x” is entered automatically.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 3-3 Wizard 3: Ethernet Encapsulation The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 3-3 Wizard 3: Ethernet Encapsulation LABEL DESCRIPTION ISP Parameters for Internet Access Encapsulation You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Otherwise, choose PPPoE or PPTP for a dial-up connection.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 3-3 Wizard 3: Ethernet Encapsulation LABEL DESCRIPTION User Name Type the username given to you by your ISP. Password Type the password associated with the username above. Login Server IP Address The ZyAIR will find the Roadrunner Server IP if this field is left blank. If it does not, then you must enter the authentication server IP address. Login Server (Telia Login only) Type the domain name of the Telia login server, for example "login1.telia.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 3-4 Wizard 3: PPTP Encapsulation The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 3-4 Wizard 3: PPTP Encapsulation LABEL DESCRIPTION ISP Parameters for Internet Access Encapsulation Select PPTP from the drop-down list box. User Name Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Password Type the password associated with the User Name above.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 3-4 Wizard 3: PPTP Encapsulation LABEL DESCRIPTION Nailed-Up Connection Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time out. Idle Timeout Type the time in seconds that elapses before the ZyAIR automatically disconnects from the PPTP server. PPTP Configuration Get automatically from ISP Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both the subscriber and the ISP/carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the subscriber’s site. By implementing PPPoE directly on the ZyAIR (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the ZyAIR does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LAN's computers will have Internet access.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 3-5 Wizard 3: PPPoE Encapsulation LABEL DESCRIPTION Encapsulation Choose an encapsulation method from the pull-down list box. PPPoE forms a dial-up connection. Service Name Type the name of your service provider. User Name Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Password Type the password associated with the user name above. Nailed-Up Connection Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time out.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. 3.5.2 IP Address and Subnet Mask Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share one common network number.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 3.5.4 WAN MAC Address Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You can configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using the factory default or cloning the MAC address from a workstation on your LAN.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 3-6 Wizard 4: WAN and DNS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 3-8 Wizard 4: WAN and DNS LABEL DESCRIPTION WAN IP Address Assignment Get automatically from ISP Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Use fixed IP address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 3-8 Wizard 4: WAN and DNS LABEL DESCRIPTION My WAN IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. This field is not available when you select PPPoE and PPTP encapsulation in the previous wizard screen. Gateway/Remote IP Address Enter the gateway IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address. This field is not available when you select PPPoE encapsulation in the previous wizard screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 3-8 Wizard 4: WAN and DNS LABEL DESCRIPTION Spoof this Computer's MAC address - IP Address Select this option and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC address you are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the MAC address will be copied to the rom file (ZyNOS configuration file). It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a different rom file.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 3-7 Setup Complete Well done! You have successfully set up your ZyAIR to operate on your network and access the Internet.
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System, LAN and Wireless Part II: SYSTEM, LAN AND WIRELESS This part discusses the System, LAN, and Wireless setup screens.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 4 System Screens This chapter provides information on the System screens. 4.1 System Overview This section provides information on general system setup. 4.2 Configuring General Setup Click ADVANCED and then SYSTEM to open the General screen. Figure 4-1 System General Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 4-1 System General Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION System Name Type a descriptive name for identification purposes. Some ISPs check this name, so it is recommended you enter your computer's "Computer name" This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes "-" and underscores "_" are accepted. Domain Name Type the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field blank, the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a DNS name. The dynamic DNS service provider will give you a password or key. 4.3.1 DYNDNS Wildcard Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 4-2 DDNS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 4-2 DDNS LABEL DESCRIPTION Enable DDNS Select this check box to activate DDNS. Service Provider Select the name of your DDNS service provider. DDNS Type Select the type of service that you are registered for from your DDNS service provider. Options are Dynamic DNS, Static DNS or Custom DNS. Host Names 1~3 Enter your host names in the three fields provided.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 4-2 DDNS LABEL DESCRIPTION User Name Type your user name. Password Type the password assigned to you. Enable Wildcard Option Your ZyAIR supports DYNDNS wildcard. Select the check box to enable. Enable off line option This option is available when CustomDNS is selected in the DDNS Type field. Check with your dynamic DNS service provider to have traffic redirected to a URL (that you can specify) while you are off line.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 4-3 Password The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 4-3 Password LABEL DESCRIPTION Old Password Type in your existing system password (1234 is the default password). New Password Type your new system password (up to 31 characters). Note that as you type a password, the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each character you type. Retype to Confirm Retype your new system password for confirmation.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 4-4 Time Setting The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 4-4 Time Setting LABEL Time Protocol System Screens DESCRIPTION Select the time service protocol that your time server sends when you turn on the ZyAIR. Not all time servers support all protocols, so you may have to check with your ISP/network administrator or use trial and error to find a protocol that works. The main difference between them is the format.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 4-4 Time Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION Time Server Address Enter the IP address or the URL of your time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information (the default is tick.stdtime.gov.tw). Current Time (hh:mm:ss) This field displays the time of your ZyAIR. Each time you reload this page, the ZyAIR synchronizes the time with the time server.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 5 LAN Screens This chapter describes how to configure LAN settings. 5.1 LAN Overview Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are attached. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server, manage IP addresses, and partition your physical network into logical networks. Please see the Wizard Setup chapter for the background information about Primary and Secondary DNS Server and IP Address and Subnet Mask.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 5.3 DHCP Setup DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the ZyAIR as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the ZyAIR provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If set to None, DHCP service will be disabled and you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured. 5.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 5.6 Multicast Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 5-2 IP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 5-1 IP LABEL DESCRIPTION DHCP Setup DHCP Server IP Pool Starting Address 5-4 Select this option to allow your ZyAIR to assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to Windows 95, Windows NT and other systems that support the DHCP client.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 5-1 IP LABEL Pool Size DESCRIPTION This field specifies the size or count of the IP address pool. DNS Servers Assigned by DHCP Server First DNS Server Second DNS Server Third DNS Server Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the ZyAIR's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns. Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 5-1 IP LABEL Reset 5-6 DESCRIPTION Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 6 Wireless Configuration and Roaming This chapter discusses how to configure the Wireless and Roaming screens on the ZyAIR. 6.1 Wireless LAN Overview This section introduces the wireless LAN(WLAN) and some basic scenarios. 6.1.1 IBSS An Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS), also called an Ad-hoc network, is the simplest WLAN configuration.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 6-2 Basic Service set 6.1.3 ESS An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS). An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless stations within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 6-3 Extended Service Set 6.2 Wireless LAN Basics Refer also to the Wizard Setup chapter for more background information on Wireless LAN features, such as channels. 6.2.1 RTS/CTS A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 6-4 RTS/CTS When station A sends data to the ZyAIR, it might not know that station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations. RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference. If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set, then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. 6.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 6-5 Wireless The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 6-1 Wireless LABEL DESCRIPTION Enable Wireless LAN Click the check box to activate wireless LAN. ESSID (Extended Service Set IDentity) The ESSID identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is associated. Wireless stations associating to the access point (AP) must have the same ESSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 6.4 Configuring Roaming A wireless station is a device with an IEEE 802.11b compliant wireless adapter. An access point (AP) acts as a bridge between the wireless and wired networks. An AP creates its own wireless coverage area. A wireless station can associate with a particular access point only if it is within the access point’s coverage area.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. Step 4. As wireless station Y moves from the coverage area of access point AP 1 to that of access point AP 2, it scans and uses the signal of access point AP 2. Access point AP 2 acknowledges the presence of wireless station Y and relays this information to access point AP 1 through the wired LAN. Access point AP 1 updates the new position of wireless station. Wireless station Y sends a request to access point AP 2 for re-authentication.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 6-2 Roaming LABEL Active DESCRIPTION Select Yes from the drop-down list box to enable roaming on the ZyAIR if you have two or more ZyAIRs on the same subnet. All APs on the same subnet and the wireless stations must have the same ESSID to allow roaming. Port Enter the port number to communicate roaming information between APs. The port number must be the same on all APs. The default is 16290. Make sure this port is not used by other services.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 7 Wireless Security This Chapter describes how to use the MAC Filter, 802.1x, Local User Database and RADIUS to configure wireless security on your ZyAIR. 7.1 Wireless Security Overview Wireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless stations, access points and the wired network. The figure below shows the possible wireless security levels on your ZyAIR.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 7.2.1 Data Encryption WEP provides a mechanism for encrypting data using encryption keys. Both the AP and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key to encrypt and decrypt data. Your ZyAIR allows you to configure up to four 64bit or 128-bit WEP keys, but only one key can be enabled at any one time. 7.2.2 Authentication Three different methods can be used to authenticate wireless stations to the network: Open System, Shared Key, and Auto.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Shared key authentication involves a four-message procedure. A wireless station sends a shared key authentication request to the AP, which will then reply with a challenge text message. The wireless station must then use the AP’s default WEP key to encrypt the challenge text and return it to the AP, which attempts to decrypt the message using the AP’s default WEP key. If the decrypted message matches the challenge text, the wireless station is authenticated.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 7-3 Wireless The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 7-1 Wireless : WEP Fields LABEL DESCRIPTION WEP Encryption Select Disable to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data encryption. Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption. Authentication Method This field is activated when you select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP in the WEP Encryption field. Select Auto, Open System or Shared Key from the drop-down list box.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 7.4 MAC Filter The MAC filter screen allows you to configure the ZyAIR to give exclusive access to up to 32 devices (Allow Association) or exclude up to 32 devices from accessing the ZyAIR (Deny Association). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 7-4 MAC Address Filter The following table describes the labels in this menu.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 7-2 MAC Address Filter LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select Yes from the drop down list box to enable MAC address filtering. Filter Action Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table. Select Deny Association to block access to the ZyAIR, MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the ZyAIR Select Allow Association to permit access to the ZyAIR, MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the ZyAIR.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 7.7 Introduction to WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i security specification draft. Key differences between WPA and WEP are user authentication and improved data encryption. 7.7.1 User Authentication WPA applies IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. Step 4. First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols). The AP checks each client’s password and (only) allows it to join the network if it matches its password. The AP derives and distributes keys to the wireless clients.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 7-6 WPA with RADIUS Application Example 7.10 Security Parameters Summary Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each Authentication Method/ key management protocol type. You enter manual keys by first selecting 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP from the WEP Encryption field and then typing the keys (in ASCII or hexadecimal format) in the key text boxes.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 7-3 Wireless Security Relational Matrix AUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL ENCRYPTION METHOD ENTER MANUAL KEY Open None No Disable Open WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Yes Disable No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key Yes Disable Shared WEP IEEE 802.1X WPA WEP No Enable WPA TKIP No Enable WPA-PSK WEP Yes Enable WPA-PSK TKIP Yes Enable 7.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 7-7 Wireless LAN: 802.1x/WPA The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 7-4 Wireless LAN: 802.1x/WPA LABEL Wireless Port Control DESCRIPTION To control wireless stations access to the wired network, select a control method from the drop-down list box. Choose from No Access Allowed, No Authentication Required and Authentication Required. No Access Allowed blocks all wireless stations access to the wired network.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 7-8 Wireless LAN: 802.1x/WPA for 802.1x Protocol The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 7-5 Wireless LAN: 802.1x/WPA for 802.1x Protocol LABEL Wireless Port Control 7-14 DESCRIPTION To control wireless stations access to the wired network, select a control method from the drop-down list box. Choose from No Authentication Required, Authentication Required and No Access Allowed.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 7-5 Wireless LAN: 802.1x/WPA for 802.1x Protocol LABEL DESCRIPTION ReAuthentication Timer (In Seconds) Specify how often wireless stations have to reenter usernames and passwords in order to stay connected. This field is activated only when you select Authentication Required in the Wireless Port Control field. Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is 1800 seconds (30 minutes).
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 7-5 Wireless LAN: 802.1x/WPA for 802.1x Protocol LABEL DESCRIPTION Authentication Databases The authentication database contains wireless station login information. The local user database is the built-in database on the ZyAIR. The RADIUS is an external server. Use this drop-down list box to select which database the ZyAIR should use (first) to authenticate a wireless station.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 7-9 Wireless LAN: 802.1x/WPA for WPA Protocol The following table describes the labels not previously discussed Table 7-6 Wireless LAN: 802.1x/WPA for WPA Protocol LABEL DESCRIPTION Key Management Protocol Choose WPA in this field. WPA Mixed Mode The ZyAIR can operate in WPA Mixed Mode, which supports both clients running WPA and clients running dynamic WEP key exchange with 802.1x in the same Wi-Fi network. Select Enable to activate WPA mixed mode.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 7-6 Wireless LAN: 802.1x/WPA for WPA Protocol LABEL Authentication Databases DESCRIPTION When you configure Key Management Protocol to WPA, the Authentication Databases must be RADIUS Only. You can only use the Local User Database Only with 802.1x Key Management Protocol. 7.12.3 Authentication Required: WPA-PSK Select Authentication Required in the Wireless Port Control field and WPA-PSK in the Key Management Protocol field to display the next screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 7-7 Wireless LAN: 802.1x/WPA for WPA-PSK Protocol LABEL DESCRIPTION Key Management Protocol Choose WPA-PSK in this field. Pre-Shared Key The encryption mechanisms used for WPA and WPA-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols).
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 7-11 Local User Database The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 7-8 Local User Database LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this option to activate the user profile. User Name Enter the username (up to 31 characters) for this user profile. Password Type a password (up to 31 characters) for this user profile. Note that as you type a password, the screen displays a (*) for each character you type. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyAIR.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide • Access-Challenge Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting: • Accounting-Request Sent by the access point requesting accounting.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide • The ZyAIR sends a “request identity” message to the wireless station for identity information. • The wireless station replies with identity information, including username and password. • The RADIUS server checks the user information against its user profile database and determines whether or not to authenticate the wireless station. 7.16 Configuring RADIUS Use RADIUS if you want to authenticate wireless users using an external server.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 7-9 RADIUS LABEL DESCRIPTION Authentication Server Active Server IP Address Port Number Shared Secret Select Yes from the drop down list box to enable user authentication through an external authentication server. Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted decimal notation. Enter the port number of the external authentication server. The default port number is 1812.
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WAN Part III: WAN This part covers the web configurator screen and information about WAN.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 8 WAN Screens This chapter describes how to configure the ZyAIR WAN screens. 8.1 WAN Overview A WAN (Wide Area Network) is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. See the Wizard Setup chapter for more background information on most fields in the WAN screens. Background information on WAN fields not included in the Wizard is described here. 8.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 8-1 Ethernet Encapsulation LABEL DESCRIPTION Encapsulation You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Service Type Select from Standard, RR-Toshiba (RoadRunner Toshiba authentication method), RR-Manager (Roadrunner Manager authentication method), RR-Telstra or Telia Login. Choose a Roadrunner service type if your ISP is Time Warner's Roadrunner; otherwise choose Standard.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 8-2 Service Type LABEL DESCRIPTION Encapsulation You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Service Type Select from Standard, RR-Toshiba (RoadRunner Toshiba authentication method), RR-Manager (Roadrunner Manager authentication method) RR-Telstra or Telia Login. Choose a Roadrunner service type if your ISP is Time Warner's Roadrunner; otherwise choose Standard.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 8-3 PPPoE Encapsulation The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 8-3 PPPoE Encapsulation LABEL DESCRIPTION ISP Parameters for Internet Access Encapsulation The PPP over Ethernet choice is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE. The ZyAIR supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). Service Name Type the PPPoE service name provided to you. PPPoE uses a service name to identify and reach the PPPoE server.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 8-3 PPPoE Encapsulation LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyAIR. Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 8.2.3 PPTP Encapsulation Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 8-4 PPTP Encapsulation The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 8-4 PPTP Encapsulation LABEL DESCRIPTION ISP Parameters for Internet Access Encapsulation 8-6 PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol, and virtual private networking over public networks, such as the Internet. The ZyAIR supports only one PPTP server connection at any given time.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 8-4 PPTP Encapsulation LABEL DESCRIPTION User Name Type the user name given to you by your ISP. Password Type the password associated with the user name above. Retype to Confirm Type your password again here to ensure that what you entered in the Password field above was what you intended. Nailed-Up Connection Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time out.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 8.4 Configuring WAN IP To change your ZyAIR’s WAN IP settings, click ADVANCED, WAN and then the IP tab. Figure 8-5 IP Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 8-5 IP Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Get automatically from ISP Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This is the default selection. Use fixed IP address Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address. My WAN IP Address My WAN IP Subnet Mask (Ethernet encapsulation) Remote IP Address (or Gateway IP Address) Enter the ZyAIR WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP Address.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 8-5 IP Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Private (PPPoE and PPTP only) This parameter determines if the ZyAIR will include the route to this remote node in its RIP broadcasts. If select Yes, this route is kept private and not included in RIP broadcast. If select No, the route to this remote node will be propagated to other hosts through RIP broadcasts.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 8-5 IP Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Allow between LAN and WAN Select this check box to forward NetBIOS packets from the LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN. If your firewall is enabled with the default policy set to block WAN to LAN traffic, you also need to enable the default WAN to LAN firewall rule that forwards NetBIOS traffic. Clear this check box to block all NetBIOS packets going from the LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN.
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SUA/NAT and Static Route Part IV: SUA/NAT AND STATIC ROUTE This part covers the information about SUA/NAT and Static Route setup.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 9 Single User Account (SUA) / Network Address Translation (NAT) This chapter discusses how to configure SUA/NAT on the ZyAIR. 9.1 NAT Overview NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet. For example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network is changed to a different IP address known within another network. 9.1.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host. 9.1.2 What NAT Does In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 9-1 How NAT Works 9.1.4 NAT Application The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs (logical LANs using IP Alias) behind the ZyAIR can communicate with three distinct WAN networks. More examples follow at the end of this chapter.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 9-2 NAT Application with IP Alias 9.1.5 NAT Mapping Types NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are: One to One: In One-to-One mode, the ZyAIR maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Many to One: In Many-to-One mode, the ZyAIR maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), ZyXEL’s Single User Account feature (the SUA Only option).
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Server: This type allows you to specify inside servers of different services behind the NAT to be accessible to the outside world. Port numbers do not change for One-to-One and Many-One-to-One NAT mapping types. The following table summarizes these types.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 9.2 SUA Server An SUA server set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP, that you can make visible to the outside world even though SUA makes your whole inside network appear as a single computer to the outside world. You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 9-3 Services and Port Numbers SERVICES PORT NUMBER SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) 161 SNMP trap 162 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) 1723 9.2.2 Configuring Servers Behind SUA (Example) Let's say you want to assign ports 22-25 to one server, port 80 to another and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 as shown in the next figure.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 9-4 SUA/NAT Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 9-4 SUA/NAT Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Default Server In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in this screen. # This field displays the number of an individual SUA server entry. Active Select this check box to enable the SUA server entry.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 9-4 SUA/NAT Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Start Port End Port Enter a port number here. To forward only one port, enter the port number in the Start Port field and then type it again in the End Port field. To specify a range of ports, enter the start port number in the Start Port field and the last port to be forwarded in the End Port field. Server IP Address Enter the inside IP address of the server here.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 9-5 Address Mapping The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 9-5 Address Mapping LABEL DESCRIPTION # This field displays the index number of the address mapping rule. Local Start IP This refers to the Inside Local Address (ILA), that is the starting local IP address. Local IP addresses are N/A for Server port mapping. Local End IP This is the end local IP address.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 9-5 Address Mapping LABEL DESCRIPTION Insert Click Insert to insert a new mapping rule before an existing one. Edit Click Edit to go to the Address Mapping Rule screen. Delete Click Delete to delete an address mapping rule. 9.4.1 Configuring Address Mapping Rule To edit an address mapping rule, click the Edit button to display the screen shown next. Figure 9-6 Address Mapping Rule The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 9-6 Address Mapping Rule LABEL DESCRIPTION Local End IP This is the end local IP address (ILA). If your rule is for all local IP addresses, then enter 0.0.0.0 as the Local Start IP address and 255.255.255.255 as the Local End IP address. This field is N/A for One-to-One and Server mapping types. Global Start IP This is the starting global IP address (IGA). Enter 0.0.0.0 here if you have a dynamic IP address from your ISP.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 10 Static Route This chapter shows you how to configure static routes for your ZyAIR. 10.1 Static Route Overview Each remote node specifies only the network to which the gateway is directly connected, and the ZyAIR has no knowledge of the networks beyond. For instance, the ZyAIR knows about network N2 in the following figure through remote node Router 1.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 10-2 IP Static Route Summary The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 10-1 IP Static Route Summary LABEL DESCRIPTION # This field displays an individual static route index number. Name This field displays the name that describes or identifies this route. Active This field shows whether this static route is active (Yes) or not (No). Destination This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 10-1 IP Static Route Summary LABEL Delete DESCRIPTION To remove a static route on the ZyAIR, click the radio button next to the static route index number you want to remove, then click Delete. 10.2.1 Configuring Route Entry Select a static route index number and click Edit. The screen shown next appears. Fill in the required information for each static route. Figure 10-3 Edit IP Static Route The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 10-2 Edit IP Static Route LABEL DESCRIPTION Destination IP Address Type the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID. IP Subnet Mask Type the IP subnet mask here. Gateway IP Address Type the IP address of the gateway.
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Firewall and Remote Management Part V: FIREWALL AND REMOTE MANAGEMENT This part introduces firewalls in general and the ZyAIR firewall. It also explains custom ports and gives example firewall rules and information on Remote Management.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 11 Introduction to Firewalls This chapter gives some background information on firewalls and introduces the ZyAIR firewall. This chapter is not applicable to the ZyAIR B-2000. 11.1 Firewall Overview Originally, the term firewall referred to a construction technique designed to prevent the spread of fire from one room to another. The networking term “firewall” is a system or group of systems that enforces an accesscontrol policy between two networks.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide i. Information hiding prevents the names of internal systems from being made known via DNS to outside systems, since the application gateway is the only host whose name must be made known to outside systems. ii. Robust authentication and logging pre-authenticates application traffic before it reaches internal hosts and causes it to be logged more effectively than if it were logged with standard host logging.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 11-1 Firewall Application 11.4.1 Basics Computers share information over the Internet using a common language called TCP/IP. TCP/IP, in turn, is a set of application protocols that perform specific functions. An “extension number”, called the "TCP port" or "UDP port" identifies these protocols, such as HTTP (Web), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), POP3 (E-mail), etc. For example, Web traffic by default uses TCP port 80.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 11.4.2 Types of DoS Attacks There are four types of DoS attacks: 1. Those that exploit bugs in a TCP/IP implementation. 2. Those that exploit weaknesses in the TCP/IP specification. 3. Brute-force attacks that flood a network with useless data. 4. IP Spoofing. 1. "Ping of Death" and "Teardrop" attacks exploit bugs in the TCP/IP implementations of various computer and host systems.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 2-a SYN Attack floods a targeted system with a series of SYN packets. Each packet causes the targeted system to issue a SYN-ACK response. While the targeted system waits for the ACK that follows the SYN-ACK, it queues up all outstanding SYN-ACK responses on what is known as a backlog queue. SYN-ACKs are moved off the queue only when an ACK comes back or when an internal timer (which is set at relatively long intervals) terminates the three-way handshake.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 11-4 Smurf Attack ICMP Vulnerability ICMP is an error-reporting protocol that works in concert with IP. The following ICMP types trigger an alert: Table 11-2 ICMP Commands That Trigger Alerts 5 REDIRECT 13 TIMESTAMP_REQUEST 14 TIMESTAMP_REPLY 17 ADDRESS_MASK_REQUEST 18 ADDRESS_MASK_REPLY Illegal Commands (NetBIOS and SMTP) The only legal NetBIOS commands are the following - all others are illegal.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 11-4 Legal SMTP Commands AUTH DATA EHLO ETRN EXPN HELO HELP MAIL QUIT RCPT RSET SAML SEND SOML TURN VRFY NOOP Traceroute Traceroute is a utility used to determine the path a packet takes between two endpoints. Sometimes when a packet filter firewall is configured incorrectly an attacker can traceroute the firewall gaining knowledge of the network topology inside the firewall. 4.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 11-5 Stateful Inspection The previous figure shows the ZyAIR’s default firewall rules in action as well as demonstrates how stateful inspection works. User A can initiate a Telnet session from within the LAN and responses to this request are allowed. However other Telnet traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 12 Firewall Screens This chapter shows you how to configure your ZyAIR firewall. This chapter is not applicable to the ZyAIR B-2000. 12.1 Access Methods The web configurator is, by far, the most comprehensive firewall configuration tool your ZyAIR has to offer. For this reason, it is recommended that you configure your firewall using the web configurator. SMT screens allow you to activate the firewall. 12.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide If you configure firewall rules without a good understanding of how they work, you might inadvertently introduce security risks to the firewall and to the protected network. Make sure you test your rules after you configure them. For example, you may create rules to: ♦ Block certain types of traffic, such as IRC (Internet Relay Chat), from the LAN to the Internet.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 2. Is it possible to modify the rule to be more specific? For example, if IRC is blocked for all users, will a rule that blocks just certain users be more effective? 3. Does a rule that allows Internet users access to resources on the LAN create a security vulnerability? For example, if FTP ports (TCP 20, 21) are allowed from the Internet to the LAN, Internet users may be able to connect to computers with running FTP servers. 4.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 12.5 Connection Direction Examples This section describes examples for firewall rules for connections going from LAN to WAN and from WAN to LAN. LAN to LAN/ZyAIR and WAN to WAN/ZyAIR rules apply to packets coming in on the associated interface (LAN or WAN respectively).
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 12-1 LAN to WAN Traffic 12.5.2 WAN to LAN Rules WAN-to-LAN rules are Internet to your local network firewall rules. The default is to block all traffic from the Internet to your local network. How can you forward certain WAN to LAN traffic? You may allow traffic originating from the WAN to be forwarded to the LAN by: Configuring NAT port forwarding rules in the web configurator SUA Server screen or SMT NAT menus.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 12-2 WAN to LAN Traffic 12.6 Enabling Firewall The ordering of your rules is very important as rules are applied in turn. The default rules allow LAN-to-WAN traffic and deny traffic initiated from WAN-to-LAN. You may block traffic initiated from the LAN by configuring blocked services in the Services screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Select this check box to enable the firewall. Figure 12-3 Firewall Settings The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 12-1 Firewall Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION Enable Firewall Select this check box to activate the firewall. The ZyAIR performs access control and protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 12-1 Firewall Settings LABEL Packets to Log DESCRIPTION Choose what LAN to WAN packets to log. Choose from: • No Log • Log Blocked (blocked LAN to WAN services appear in the Blocked Services textbox in the Services screen (with Enable Services Blocking selected)) • WAN to LAN Packets to Log Log All (log all LAN to WAN packets) To log packets related to firewall rules, make sure that Access Control under Log is selected in the Logs, Log Settings screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 12-4 Firewall Filter The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 12-2 Firewall Filter LABEL Restrict Web Features Firewall Screens DESCRIPTION Select the categories of web features that you want to restrict.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 12-2 Firewall Filter LABEL DESCRIPTION ActiveX ActiveX is a tool for building dynamic and active Web pages and distributed object applications. When you visit an ActiveX Web site, ActiveX controls are downloaded to your browser, where they remain in case you visit the site again. Java Java is a programming language and development environment for building downloadable Web components or Internet and intranet business applications of all kinds.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 12.6.2 Configuring Firewall Services Click ADVANCED, FIREWALL and then the Services tab to open the Services screen. Use this screen to enable service blocking, enter/delete/modify the services you want to block and the date/time you want to block them. Figure 12-5 Firewall Services The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 12-3 Creating/Editing A Firewall Rule LABEL DESCRIPTION Enable Services Blocking Select the check box to activate service blocking. Available Services This is a list of pre-defined services (ports) you may prohibit your LAN computers from using. Select the port you want to block using the drop-down list and click Add to add the port to the Blocked Service field.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 12.6.3 Predefined Services The Available Services list box in the Services screen (see Figure 12-5) displays all predefined services that the ZyAIR already supports. Next to the name of the service, two fields appear in brackets. The first field indicates the IP protocol type (TCP, UDP, or ICMP). The second field indicates the IP port number that defines the service. (Note that there may be more than one IP protocol type.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 12-4 Predefined Services SERVICE DESCRIPTION NNTP(TCP:119) Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service. PING(ICMP:0) Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable. PPTP(TCP:1723) Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 12-4 Predefined Services SERVICE DESCRIPTION TFTP(UDP:69) Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). VDOLIVE(TCP:7000) Another videoconferencing solution.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 13 Remote Management This chapter provides information on the Remote Management screens. This chapter is not applicable to the ZyAIR B-2000. 13.1 Remote Management Overview Remote management allows you to determine which services/protocols can access which ZyAIR interface (if any) from which computers. You can customize the service port, access interface and the secured client IP address to enhance security and flexibility.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 1. A filter in SMT menu 3.1 (LAN) or in menu 11.5 (WAN) is applied to block a Telnet, FTP or Web service. 2. You have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens. 3. The IP address in the Secured Client IP Address field does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the ZyAIR will disconnect the session immediately. 4. There is already another remote management session with an equal or higher priority running.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 13.3 Configuring TELNET Click ADVANCED and then REMOTE MGNT to open the TELNET screen. Figure 13-2 Telnet The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 13-1 Telnet LABEL DESCRIPTION Server Port You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 13.4 Configuring FTP You can upload and download the ZyAIR’s firmware and configuration files using FTP, please see the chapter on firmware and configuration file maintenance for details. To use this feature, your computer must have an FTP client. To change your ZyAIR’s FTP settings, click ADVANCED, REMOTE MGNT and then the FTP tab. The screen appears as shown. Figure 13-3 FTP The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 13-2 FTP LABEL Reset DESCRIPTION Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 13.5 Configuring WWW To change your ZyAIR’s World Wide Web settings, click ADVANCED, REMOTE MGNT and then the WWW tab. The screen appears as shown. Figure 13-4 WWW The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 13-3 WWW LABEL Secured Client IP Address DESCRIPTION A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the ZyAIR using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyAIR using this service. Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the ZyAIR using this service. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyAIR.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 13-5 SNMP Management Model An SNMP managed network consists of two main types of component: agents and a manager. An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the ZyAIR). An agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform network management functions.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide • Set - Allows the manager to set values for object variables within an agent. • Trap - Used by the agent to inform the manager of some events. 13.6.1 Supported MIBs The ZyAIR supports MIB II that is defined in RFC-1213 and RFC-1215. The focus of the MIBs is to let administrators collect statistical data and monitor status and performance. 13.6.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 13.6.3 REMOTE MANAGEMENT: SNMP To change your ZyAIR’s SNMP settings, click ADVANCED, REMOTE MGNT and then the SNMP tab. The screen appears as shown. Figure 13-6 SNMP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 13-6 SNMP LABEL DESCRIPTION SNMP Configuration Get Community Enter the Get Community, which is the password for the incoming Get and GetNext requests from the management station.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 13-6 SNMP LABEL DESCRIPTION Set Community Enter the Set community, which is the password for incoming Set requests from the management station. Trusted Host If you enter a trusted host, your ZyAIR will only respond to SNMP messages from this address. A blank (default) field means your ZyAIR will respond to all SNMP messages it receives, regardless of source.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 13-7 DNS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 13-7 DNS LABEL DESCRIPTION Server Port The DNS service port number is 53 and cannot be changed here. Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may send DNS queries to the ZyAIR. Secured Client IP Address A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to send DNS queries to the ZyAIR. Select All to allow any computer to send DNS queries to the ZyAIR.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide anti-probing, which prevents the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your ZyAIR when unsupported ports are probed. Figure 13-8 Security The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 13-8 Security LABEL DESCRIPTION ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and error-reporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 13-8 Security LABEL Do not respond to requests for unauthorized services DESCRIPTION Select this option to prevent hackers from finding the ZyAIR by probing for unused ports. If you select this option, the ZyAIR will not respond to port request(s) for unused ports, thus leaving the unused ports and the ZyAIR unseen.
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UPnP and Logs Part VI: UPNP AND LOGS This part provides information and configuration instructions for UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) and the logs.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 14 UPnP Screen This chapter introduces the Universal Plug and Play feature. 14.1 Universal Plug and Play Overview Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 14.1.3 Cautions with UPnP The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments. All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention. 14.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 14-1 Configuring UPnP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 14-1 Configuring UPnP LABEL DESCRIPTION Device Name (or UPnP Name) This identifies the ZyAIR in UPnP applications. Enable the Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) feature Select this check box to activate UPnP.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 14-1 Configuring UPnP LABEL Allow UPnP to pass through Firewall DESCRIPTION Select this check box to create a static LAN to LAN/ZyAIR rule that allows forwarding of ports 1900 and 80. Selecting this check box also creates a dynamic firewall rule every time a NAT forwarding port is reserved for UPnP. This setting remains active until you disable UPnP or clear this check box.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Step 3. In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box in the Components selection box. Step 4. Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click Next. Step 5. Restart the computer when prompted. 14.4.2 Installing UPnP in Windows XP Follow the steps below to install UPnP in Windows XP. Step 1. Click Start and Control Panel. Step 2. Double-click Network Connections. Step 3.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Step 5. In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box. Step 6. Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard window and click Next. 14.5 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the ZyAIR. Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the ZyAIR.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Step 3. In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings that were automatically created. UPnP Screens Step 4. You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings will be deleted automatically. Step 5. Select the Show icon in notification area when connected check box and click OK. An icon displays in the system tray Step 6. Double-click the icon to display your current Internet connection status. 14.5.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Step 1. Click Start and then Control Panel. Step 2. Double-click Network Connections. Step 3. Select My Network Places under Other Places. Step 4. An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network. Step 5. Right-click the icon for your ZyAIR and select Invoke. The web configurator login screen displays.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Step 6. 14-10 Right-click the icon for your ZyAIR and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic information about the ZyAIR.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 15 Logs Screens This chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and viewing the ZyAIR’s logs. Refer to the appendix for example log message explanations. 15.1 Using the View Log Screen The web configurator allows you to look at all of the ZyAIR’s logs in one location. Click ADVANCED and then LOGS to open the View Log screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 15-1 View Log The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 15-1 View Log LABEL DESCRIPTION Display Select a log category from the drop down list box to display logs within the selected category. To view all logs, select All Logs. The number of categories shown in the drop down list box depends on the selection in the Log Settings page. Time This field displays the time the log was recorded.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 15-1 View Log LABEL DESCRIPTION Email Log Now Click Email Log Now to send the log screen to the e-mail address specified in the Log Settings page. Refresh Click Refresh to renew the log screen. Clear Log Click Clear Log to clear all the logs. 15.2 Configuring Log Settings To change your ZyAIR’s log settings, click ADVANCED, LOGS and then the Log Settings tab. The screen appears as shown.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 15-2 Log Settings 15-4 Logs Screens
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 15-2 Log Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION Address Info Mail Server Enter the server name or the IP address of the mail server for the e-mail addresses specified below. If this field is left blank, logs and alert messages will not be sent via e-mail. Mail Subject Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the log e-mail message that the ZyAIR sends.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 15-2 Log Settings LABEL Time for Sending Log DESCRIPTION Enter the time of the day in 24-hour format (for example 23:00 equals 11:00 pm) to send the logs. Log Select the categories of logs that you want to record. Send Immediate Alert Select the categories of alerts for which you want the ZyAIR to immediately send e-mail alerts. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyAIR. Reset Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh. 15.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide The web site hit count may not be 100% accurate because sometimes when an individual web page loads, it may contain references to other web sites that also get counted as hits. The ZyAIR records web site hits by counting the HTTP GET packets. Many web sites include HTTP GET references to other web sites and the ZyAIR may count these as hits, thus the web hit count is not (yet) 100% accurate.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 15-3 Reports LABEL Report Type DESCRIPTION Use the drop-down list box to select the type of reports to display. Web Site Hits displays the web sites that have been visited the most often from the LAN and how many times they have been visited. Protocol/Port displays the protocols or service ports that have been used the most and the amount of traffic for the most used protocols or service ports.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 15-4 Protocol/Port Report The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 15-4 Protocol/Port Report LABEL DESCRIPTION Protocol/Port This column lists the protocols or service ports for which the most traffic has gone through the ZyAIR. The protocols or service ports are listed in descending order with the most used protocol or service port listed first.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 15-4 Protocol/Port Report LABEL DESCRIPTION Refresh Click Refresh to update the report display. The report also refreshes automatically when you close and reopen the screen. Direction This field displays Incoming to denote traffic that is coming in from the WAN to the LAN. This field displays Outgoing to denote traffic that is going out from the LAN to the WAN.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 15-5 LAN IP Address Report LABEL DESCRIPTION Start Collection/ Stop Collection The button text shows Start Collection when the ZyAIR is not recording report data and Stop Collection when the ZyAIR is recording report data. Click Start Collection to have the ZyAIR record report data. Click Stop Collection to halt the ZyAIR from recording more data. Refresh Click Refresh to update the report display.
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Maintenance Part VII: MAINTENANCE This part describes the Maintenance web configurator screens.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 16 Maintenance This chapter displays system information such as ZyNOS firmware, port IP addresses and port traffic statistics. 16.1 Maintenance Overview The maintenance screens can help you view system information, upload new firmware, manage configuration and restart your ZyAIR. 16.2 System Status Screen Click MAINTENANCE to open the Status screen, where you can use to monitor your ZyAIR.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 16-1 Status LABEL DESCRIPTION System Name This is the System Name you enter in the first Internet Access Wizard screen. It is for identification purposes. Model Name The model name identifies your device type. The model name should also be on a sticker on your device. If you are uploading firmware, be sure to upload firmware for this exact model name. This field is not available on all models.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 16-2 Status: Show Statistics The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 16-2 Status: Show Statistics LABEL DESCRIPTION Port This is the LAN or WAN port. Status This shows the port speed and duplex setting if you are using Ethernet encapsulation for the Ethernet port. This shows the transmission speed only for wireless port. TxPkts This is the number of transmitted packets on this port.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 16-2 Status: Show Statistics LABEL Stop DESCRIPTION Click this button to stop refreshing statistics. 16.3 DHCP Table Screen DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the ZyAIR as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the ZyAIR provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 16-3 DHCP Table LABEL DESCRIPTION MAC Address The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN (Local Area Network) is unique to your computer (six pairs of hexadecimal notation). A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a hardwired address that is assigned at the factory. This address follows an industry standard that ensures no other adapter has a similar address. Refresh Click Refresh to reload the DHCP table. 16.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 16.5 Channel Usage The Channel Usage screen displays whether a channel is used by another wireless network or not. If a channel is being used, you should select a channel removed from it by five channels to completely avoid overlap. Click MAINTENANCE, (WIRELESS) and then the Channel Usage tab to display the screen shown next. Wait a moment while the ZyAIR compiles the information.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 16-5 Channel Usage (ZyAIR B-2000) LABEL DESCRIPTION Channel This is the index number of the channel currently used by the associated AP in an Infrastructure wireless network or wireless station in an Ad-Hoc wireless network. Activity This field display Yes if the channel is used by another AP or Ad-hoc network within the ZyAIR’s transmission range. Refresh Click Refresh to reload the screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 16-6 Channel Usage LABEL DESCRIPTION Channel This is the index number of the channel currently used by the associated AP in an Infrastructure wireless network or wireless station in an Ad-Hoc wireless network. Signal This field displays the strength of the AP’s signal. If you must choose a channel that’s currently in use, choose one with low signal strength for minimum interference.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 16-7 Firmware Upload LABEL DESCRIPTION File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ... to find it. Browse... Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them. Upload Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to two minutes.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the F/W Upload screen. Figure 16-10 Firmware Upload Error 16.7 Configuration Screen See the Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance chapter for transferring configuration files using FTP/TFTP commands. Click MAINTENANCE and then the Configuration tab. Information related to backup configuration, restoring configuration and factory defaults appears as shown next.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 16-11 Configuration 16.7.1 Backup Configuration Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the ZyAIR’s current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your ZyAIR is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Click Backup to save your current ZyAIR configuration to your computer. 16.7.2 Restore Configuration Restore configuration replaces your ZyAIR's current configuration (content filters, firewall settings, etc.) with a previously saved configuration. Restore files (usually) have a .ROM extension, e.g., "zyair.rom". The system reboots automatically after the file transfer is complete and uses the configured values in the file.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide The ZyAIR automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop. Figure 16-13 Network Temporarily Disconnected If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default ZyAIR IP address (192.168.1.1). See the appendix for details on how to set up your computer’s IP address.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 16-15 Reset Warning Message You can also press the RESET button on the side panel to reset the factory defaults of your ZyAIR. Refer to the Resetting the ZyAIR section for more information on the RESET button. 16.8 Restart Screen System restart allows you to reboot the ZyAIR without turning the power off. Click MAINTENANCE, and then the Restart tab. Click Restart to have the ZyAIR reboot. This does not affect the ZyAIR's configuration.
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SMT Getting Started Menus Part VIII: SMT GETTING STARTED MENUS This part introduces the SMT (System Management Terminal) and discusses the “Getting Started” SMT menus. See the web configurator parts of this guide for background information on features configurable by web configurator and SMT.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 17 Introducing the SMT This chapter describes how to access the SMT and provides an overview of its menus. 17.1 Connect to your ZyAIR Using Telnet The following procedure details how to telnet into your ZyAIR. Step 1. Make sure your computer IP address and the ZyAIR IP address are on the same subnet. Refer to the Setting Up Your Computer IP Address appendix. Step 2.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Please note that if there is no activity for longer than five minutes (default timeout period) after you log in, your ZyAIR will automatically log you out. 17.2.1 Initial Screen When you turn on your ZyAIR, it performs several internal tests as well as line initialization. After the initialization, the ZyAIR asks you to press [ENTER] to continue, as shown. Copyright (c) 1994 - 2002 ZyXEL Communications Corp.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 23.1 – System Security – Change Password Old Password= **** New Password= ? Retype to confirm= ? Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL: Figure 17-3 Menu 23.1 System Security : Change Password Step 4. Type your new system password in the New Password field (up to 30 characters), and press [ENTER]. Step 5. Re-type your new system password in the Retype to confirm field for confirmation and press [ENTER].
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide ZyAIR B-2000 v.2 Main Menu Menu 1 General Setup Menu 2 WAN Setup Menu 3 LAN Setup Menu 4 Internet Access Setup Menu 3.1 LAN Port Filter Setup Menu 1.1 Configure Dynamic DNS Menu 3.2 TCP/IP and DHCP Setup Menu 3.5.1 WLAN MAC Address Filter Menu 3.5 Wireless LAN Setup Menu 24.9.2 Call History Menu 3.2.1 IP Alias Setup Menu 11 Remote Node Profile Menu 12 Static Routing Setup Menu 14 Dial-in User Setup Menu 15 NAT Setup Menu 11.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 17.5 Navigating the SMT Interface Several operations that you should be familiar with before you attempt to modify the configuration are listed in the table below. Table 17-1 Main Menu Commands OPERATION KEYSTROKE DESCRIPTION Move down to another menu [ENTER] To move forward to a submenu, type in the number of the desired submenu and press [ENTER]. Move up to a previous menu [ESC] Press [ESC] to move back to the previous menu.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Copyright (c) 1994 - 2003 ZyXEL Communications Corp. ZyAIR B-2000 v.2 Main Menu Getting Started 1. General Setup 2. WAN Setup 3. LAN Setup 4. Internet Access Setup Advanced Applications 11. Remote Node Setup 12. Static Routing Setup 14. Dial-in User Setup 15. NAT Setup Advanced Management 21. Filter and Firewall Setup 22. SNMP Configuration 23. System Security 24. System Maintenance 26. Schedule Setup 99.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 17-2 Main Menu Summary # 99 MENU TITLE Exit Introducing the SMT DESCRIPTION Use this to exit from SMT and return to a blank screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 18 General and WAN Setup The chapter shows you the information on general setup and how to configure the WAN. 18.1 General Setup Menu 1 – General Setup contains administrative and system-related information (shown next). The System Name field is for identification purposes. However, because some ISPs check this name you should enter your computer's "Computer Name". The Domain Name entry is what is propagated to the DHCP clients on the LAN.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 1 - General Setup System Name= Domain Name= zyxel.com.tw First System DNS Server= From ISP IP Address= N/A Second System DNS Server= From ISP IP Address= N/A Third System DNS Server= None IP Address= N/A Edit Dynamic DNS= No Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 18-1 Menu 1 General Setup Step 2. Fill in the required fields. Refer to the table shown next for more information about these fields.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 18-1 Menu 1 General Setup FIELD Edit Dynamic DNS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and press [ENTER] to configure Menu 1.1 – Configure Dynamic DNS (discussed next). No When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to Confirm…” to save your configuration, or press [ESC] at any time to cancel. 18.1.3 Procedure to Configure Dynamic DNS If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 18-2 Menu 1.1 Configure Dynamic DNS FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Active Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and then press [ENTER] to make dynamic DNS active. Yes DDNS Type Press [SPACE BAR] and then [ENTER] to select DynamicDNS if you have a dynamic IP address(es). Select StaticDNS if you have a static IP address(s). DynamicDNS (default) Select CustomDNS to have dyns.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 18-2 Menu 1.1 Configure Dynamic DNS FIELD DESCRIPTION Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and then press [ENTER] to update the IP address of the host name(s) to the IP address User Specified IP specified below. Address Only select Yes if the ZyAIR uses or is behind a static public IP address. IP Address Enter the static public IP address if you select Yes in the User Specified IP Addr field.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 18-3 Menu 2 WAN Setup FIELD Assigned By DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Press [SPACE BAR] to select Factory default and press [ENTER] to use the factory assigned MAC address. Factory default Select IP address attached on LAN and enter the IP address in the IP Address field below to clone the MAC address of the computer on the Ethernet. IP Address Enter the IP address of the computer whose MAC address you are cloning.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 19 LAN Setup This chapter shows you how to configure the LAN on your ZyAIR.. 19.1 LAN Setup This section describes how to configure the Ethernet using Menu 3 – LAN Setup. From the main menu, enter 3 to display menu 3. Menu 3 - LAN Setup 1. LAN Port Filter Setup 2. TCP/IP and DHCP Setup 5. Wireless LAN Setup Enter Menu Selection Number: Figure 19-1 Menu 3 LAN Setup Detailed explanation about the LAN Setup screens is given in the next chapter. 19.1.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide If you need to define filters, please read the Filter Set Configuration chapter first, then return to this menu to define the filter sets. 19.2 TCP/IP Ethernet and DHCP Setup Use menu 3.2 to configure your ZyAIR for TCP/IP. To edit menu 3.2, enter 3 from the main menu to display Menu 3-Ethernet Setup. When menu 3 appears, press 2 and press [ENTER] to display Menu 3.2-TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup, as shown next: First address in the IP pool Menu 3.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 19-1 Menu 3.2 DHCP Ethernet Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION If set to Server, your ZyAIR can assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to Windows 95, Windows NT and other systems that support the DHCP client. If set to None, the DHCP server will be disabled. If set to Relay, the ZyAIR acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP requests and responses between the remote server and the clients.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 19-2 Menu3.2 TCP/IP Ethernet Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION Version Press [SPACE BAR] to select the RIP version. Choices are RIP-1, RIP-2B or RIP-2M. Multicast IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a session-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group. The ZyAIR supports both IGMP version 1(IGMP-v1) and version 2 (IGMP-v2). Press the [SPACE BAR] to enable IP Multicasting or select None to disable it.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 19.3.1 IP Alias Setup Use menu 3.2 to configure the first network. Move the cursor to Edit IP Alias field and press [SPACE BAR] to choose Yes and press [ENTER] to configure the second and third network. Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup DHCP= Server Client IP Pool: Starting Address= 192.168.1.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 19-3 Menu 3.2.1 IP Alias Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION IP Alias Choose Yes to configure the LAN network for the ZyAIR. IP Address Enter the IP address of your ZyAIR in dotted decimal notation IP Subnet Mask Your ZyAIR will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the ZyAIR EXAMPLE Yes 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 3.5 - Wireless LAN Setup ESSID= Wireless Hide ESSID= No Channel ID= CH01 2412MHz RTS Threshold= 0 Frag. Threshold= 2432 WEP Encryption= Disable Default Key= N/A Key1= N/A Key2= N/A Key3= N/A Key4= N/A Authen. Method= N/A Edit MAC Address Filter= No Edit Roaming Configuration= No Block Intra-BSS Traffic= No Number of Associated Stations= 32 Breathing LED= Yes Output Power= 17dBm Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 19-8 Menu 3.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 19-4 Menu 3.5 Wireless LAN Setup FIELD WEP DESCRIPTION Select Disable to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data encryption. Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption. Default Key Enter the key number (1 to 4) in this field. Only one key can be enabled at any one time. This key must be the same on the ZyAIR and the wireless stations to communicate. Key 1 to Key 4 The WEP keys are used to encrypt data.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 19-4 Menu 3.5 Wireless LAN Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXMAPLE When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel” to save your configuration or press [ESC] to cancel and go back to the previous screen. 19.4.1 Configuring MAC Address Filter Your ZyAIR checks the MAC address of the wireless station device against a list of allowed or denied MAC addresses.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 3.5.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 19.4.2 Configuring Roaming on the ZyAIR Enable the roaming feature if you have two or more ZyAIRs on the same subnet. Follow the steps below to allow roaming on your ZyAIR. Step 1. From the main menu, enter 3 to display Menu 3 – LAN Setup. Step 2. Enter 5 to display Menu 3.5 – Wireless LAN Setup. Menu 3.5 - Wireless LAN Setup ESSID= Wireless Hide ESSID= No Channel ID= CH01 2412MHz RTS Threshold= 0 Frag.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 19-6 Menu 3.5.2 Roaming Configuration FIELD DESCRIPTION Active Press [SPACE BAR] and then [ENTER] to select Yes to enable roaming on the ZyAIR if you have two or more ZyAIRs on the same subnet. Port # Enter the port number to communicate roaming information between access points. The port number must be the same on all access points. The default is 16290. Make sure this port is not used by other services.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 20 Internet Access This chapter describes how to configure the ZyAIR for Internet Access. 20.1 Internet Access Configuration Menu 4 allows you to enter the Internet Access information in one screen. Menu 4 is actually a simplified setup for one of the remote nodes that you can access in menu 11. Before you configure your ZyAIR for Internet access, you need to collect your Internet account information from your ISP and telephone company.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 20-1 Internet Account Information FIELD DNS Server Address Assignment DESCRIPTION YOUR INFORMATION Primary DNS server Secondary DNS server Enter when using RFC 1483 Encapsulation or a static IP address. 20.2 Internet Access Setup From the main menu, type 4 to display Menu 4 – Internet Access Setup, as shown next.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 20-2 Menu 4 Internet Access Setup FIELD Service Type DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE This field is available if you select the Ethernet encapsulation. Press [SPACE BAR] to select the service type then press [ENTER]. Standard Choose a RoadRunner flavor if your ISP is using Time Warner's RoadRunner; otherwise choose Standard. The User Name, Password and Login Server fields are not applicable (N/A) for the latter.
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SMT Advanced Applications Menus Part IX: SMT ADVANCED APPLICATION MENUS This part shows how to configure Remote Node, Static Routing, Dial-in User and NAT.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 21 Remote Node Configuration This chapter shows you how to set up remote nodes on the WAN side. A remote node is required for placing calls to a remote gateway. A remote node represents both the remote gateway and the network behind it across a WAN connection. When you use menu 4 to set up Internet access, you are configuring one of the remote nodes. 21.1 Remote Node Profile Use Menu 11-Remote Node Profile to setup the remote node.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 11.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 21-1 Menu 11.1 Remote Node Profile FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Outgoing: My Login My Password Authen Type the login name assigned by your ISP when the ZyAIR calls this remote node. Type the password assigned by your ISP when the ZyAIR calls this remote node. This field sets the authentication protocol used for outgoing calls. Options for this field are: PAP CHAP/PAP – Your ZyAIR will accept either CHAP or PAP when requested by this remote node.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 21-1 Menu 11.1 Remote Node Profile FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Period (hr) This field is the time period that the budget should be reset. For example, if we are allowed to call this remote node for a maximum of 10 minutes every hour, then the Allocated Budget is (10 minutes) and the Period (hr) is 1 (hour). 0 (default) Schedule This field is only applicable for PPPoE and PPPTP encapsulation. You can apply up to four schedule sets here.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Move the cursor to the Edit IP field, press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes, then press [ENTER] to display Menu 11.3 – Remote Node Network Layer Options shown below. Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options IP Address Assignment= Static Rem IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 Rem Subnet Mask= 0.0.0.0 My WAN Addr= 0.0.0.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 21-2 Menu 11.3 Remote Node Network Layer Options FIELD Network Address Translation DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Press [SPACE BAR] and then [ENTER] to select Full Feature if you have multiple public WAN IP addresses for your ZyAIR. Full Feature Select SUA Only if you have just one public WAN IP address for your ZyAIR. The SMT uses Address Mapping Set 255 (menu 15.1 - see section 23.2.1). Select None to disable NAT.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filter Input Filter Sets: protocol filters= 1, 2, 3 device filters= Output Filter Sets: protocol filters= device filters= Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL: Figure 21-3 Menu 11.5 Remote Node Filter (Ethernet Encapsulation ) Menu 11.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Configuration Step 1. To configure an IP static route, use Menu 12 - Static Route Setup as shwon next. Menu 12 - IP Static Route Setup 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ Enter selection number: Figure 21-5 Menu 12.1 IP Static Route Setup Step 2. Now, type the route number of a static route you want to configure. Menu 12.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 21-3 Menu 12.1 Edit IP Static Route FIELD DESCRIPTION Destination IP Address This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always based on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID. IP Subnet Mask Type the subnet mask for this destination.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 22 Dial-in User Setup This chapter shows you how to create user accounts on the ZyAIR. 22.1 Dial-in User Setup By storing user profiles locally, your ZyAIR is able to authenticate wireless users without interacting with a network RADIUS server. Follow the steps below to set up user profiles on your ZyAIR. Step 1. From the main menu, enter 14 to display Menu 14 - Dial-in User Setup. Menu 14 - Dial-in User Setup 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 22-1 Menu 14.1- Edit Dial-in User FIELD User Name DESCRIPTION Enter a username up to 31 alphanumeric characters long for this user profile. This field is case sensitive. Active Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and press [ENTER] to enable the user profile. Password Enter a password up to 31 characters long for this user profile.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 23 Network Address Translation (NAT) This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the ZyAIR. 23.1 Introduction NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. 23.1.1 Applying NAT You apply NAT via menus 4 or 11.3 as displayed next.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A Gateway IP Addr= N/A Network Address Translation= Full Feature Metric= 1 Private= N/A RIP Direction= None Version= N/A Multicast= None Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL: Figure 23-2 Menu 11.3 Remote Node Network Layer Options The following table describes the options for Network Address Translation. Table 23-1 Applying NAT in Menus 4 & 11.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 15 – NAT Setup 1. Address Mapping Sets 2. Port Forwarding Setup 3. Trigger Port Setup Enter Menu Selection Number: Figure 23-3 Menu 15 NAT Setup 23.2.1 Address Mapping Sets Enter 1 to bring up Menu 15.1 – Address Mapping Sets. Menu 15.1 - Address Mapping Sets 1. 255. SUA (read only) Enter Menu Selection Number: Figure 23-4 Menu 15.1 Address Mapping Sets SUA Address Mapping Set Enter 255 to display the next screen. The fields in this menu cannot be changed.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules Set Name= SUA Idx --1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Local Start IP --------------0.0.0.0 Local End IP --------------255.255.255.255 Global Start IP --------------0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Global End IP --------------- Type -----M-1 Server Figure 23-5 Menu 15.1.255 SUA Address Mapping Rules The following table explains the fields in this menu. Table 23-2 Menu 15.1.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide User-Defined Address Mapping Sets Now let’s look at option 1 in menu 15.1. Enter 1 to bring up this menu. We’ll just look at the differences from the previous menu. Note the extra Action and Select Rule fields mean you can configure rules in this screen. Note also that the “?” in the Set Name field means that this is a required field and you must enter a name for the set. Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules Set Name= ? Idx --1. 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide You must press [ENTER] at the bottom of the screen to save the whole set. You must do this again if you make any changes to the set – including deleting a rule. No changes to the set take place until this action is taken. An End IP address must be numerically greater than its corresponding IP Start address. If the Set Name field is left blank, the entire set will be deleted. 23.2.2 Configuring Individual Rule In Menu 15.1.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 23-4 Menu 15.1.1.1 Address Mapping Rule FIELD End DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE This is the ending local IP address (ILA). If the rule is for all local IPs, then put the Start IP as 0.0.0.0 and the End IP as 255.255.255.255. This field is N/A for One-to-One and Server types. N/A This is the starting global IP address (IGA). If you have a dynamic IP, enter 0.0.0.0 as the Global IP Start. Note that Global IP Start can be set to 0.0.0.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default is not defined, the service request is simply discarded. Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 15.2 – Port Forwarding Setup Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address --------------------------------------------------1. Default Default 0.0.0.0 2. 0 0 0.0.0.0 3. 0 0 0.0.0.0 4. 0 0 0.0.0.0 5. 0 0 0.0.0.0 6. 0 0 0.0.0.0 7. 0 0 0.0.0.0 8. 0 0 0.0.0.0 9. 0 0 0.0.0.0 10. 0 0 0.0.0.0 11. 0 0 0.0.0.0 12. 0 0 0.0.0.0 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 23-8 Menu 15.2 Port Forwarding Setup Step 3.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Figure 23-9 NAT Example 1 Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup ISP's Name= ChangeMe Encapsulation= Ethernet Service Type= Standard My Login= N/A My Password= N/A Login Server= N/A IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A Gateway IP Address= N/A Network Address Translation= SUA Only Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 23-10 Menu 4 Internet Access Setup From menu 4, choose the SUA Only option from the Network Address Translation fi
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 23.4.2 Example 2: Internet Access with an Inside Server Figure 23-11 NAT Example 2 In this case, you do exactly as above (use the convenient pre-configured SUA Only set) and then go to menu 15.2 to specify the Inside Server behind the NAT as shown in the next figure. Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address --------------------------------------------------1. Default Default 192.168.1.10 2. 0 0 0.0.0.0 3. 0 0 0.0.0.0 4. 0 0 0.0.0.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide an FTP server and all departments use the other IGA. Map the FTP servers to the first two IGAs and the other LAN traffic to the remaining IGA. Map the third IGA to an inside web server and mail server. Four rules need to be configured, two bi-directional and two uni-directional as follows. Rule 1. Map the first IGA to the first inside FTP server for FTP traffic in both directions (1 : 1 mapping, giving both local and global IP addresses). Rule 2.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A Gateway IP Addr= N/A Network Address Translation= Full Feature Metric= 1 Private= N/A RIP Direction= None Version= N/A Multicast= None Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL: Figure 23-14 Menu 11.3 Remote Node Network Layer Options Step 2. Then enter 15 from the main menu. Step 3. Enter 1 to configure the Address Mapping Sets. Step 4.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Step 7. When finished, menu 15.1.1 should look like as shown next. Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules Set Name= Eample3 Idx --1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Local Start IP --------------192.168.1.10 192.168.1.11 0.0.0.0 Local End IP --------------255.255.255.255 Action= None Global Start IP --------------10.132.50.1 10.132.50.2 10.132.50.3 10.132.50.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 23.4.4 Example 4: NAT Unfriendly Application Programs Some applications do not support NAT Mapping using TCP or UDP port address translation. In this case it is better to use Many One-to-One mapping as port numbers do not change for Many One-to-One (and One-to-One) NAT mapping types. The following figure illustrates this.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide After you’ve configured your rule, you should be able to check the settings in menu 15.1.1 as shown next. Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules Set Name= Example4 Idx --1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Local Start IP --------------192.168.1.10 Local End IP --------------192.168.1.12 Action= Edit Global Start IP --------------10.132.50.1 Global End IP --------------10.132.50.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 2. Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the ZyAIR to record Jane’s computer IP address. The ZyAIR associates Jane's computer IP address with the "incoming" port range of 6970-7170. 3. The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170. 4. The ZyAIR forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address. 5. Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 23-6 Menu 15.3 Trigger Port Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Incoming Incoming is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a particular service. The ZyAIR forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the wireless station on the LAN that requested the service. Start Port Enter a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
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SMT Advanced Management Menus Part X: SMT ADVANCED MANAGEMENT MENUS This part discusses Filtering and Firewall setup, SNMP, System Security, System Information and Diagnosis, Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance, System Maintenance and Information, Call Scheduling and Remote Management.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 24 Filter and Firewall Configuration This chapter shows you how to create and apply filters and setup firewall. 24.1 About Filtering Your ZyAIR uses filters to decide whether or not to allow passage of a data packet and/or to make a call. There are two types of filter applications: data filtering and call filtering. Filters are subdivided into device and protocol filters, which are discussed later.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Two sets of factory filter rules have been configured in menu 21 to prevent NetBIOS traffic from triggering calls. A summary of their filter rules is shown in the figures that follow. The following figure illustrates the logic flow when executing a filter rule.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide You can apply up to four filter sets to a particular port to block various types of packets. Because each filter set can have up to six rules, you can have a maximum of 24 rules active for a single port. For incoming packets, your ZyAIR applies data filters only. Packets are processed depending on whether a match is found. The following sections describe how to configure filter sets.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 21.1.1 - Filter Rules Summary # 1 2 3 4 5 6 A Y Y Y Y Y Y Type ---IP IP IP IP IP IP Filter Rules --------------------------------------------------------------Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=137 Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=138 Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=139 Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=137 Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=138 Pr=17, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 24.2.1 Filter Rules Summary Menus The following tables briefly describe the abbreviations used in menus 21.1.x. Table 24-1 Abbreviations Used in the Filter Rules Summary Menu FIELD DESCRIPTION # The filter rule number: 1 to 6. A Active: “Y” means the rule is active. “N” means the rule is inactive. Type The type of filter rule: “GEN” for Generic, “IP” for TCP/IP. Filter Rules These parameters are displayed here. M More.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 24-2 Rule Abbreviations Used FILTER TYPE DESCRIPTION Off Offset Len Length 24.3 Configuring a Filter Rule To configure a filter rule, type its number in Menu 21.1.1 – Filter Rules Summary and press [ENTER] to open menu 21.1.1.x for the rule. There are two types of filter rules: TCP/IP and Generic. Depending on the type of rule, the parameters for each type will be different.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 21.1.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule Filter #: 1,1 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 137 Port # Comp= Equal Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= Port # Comp= None TCP Estab= No More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 24-7 Menu 21.1.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 24-3 Menu 21.1.1 TCP/IP Filter Rule FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE IP Addr Type the destination IP address of the packet you want to filter. This field is ignored if it is 0.0.0.0. IP Mask Type the IP mask to apply to the Destination: IP Addr field. Port # Type the destination port of the packets you want to filter. The field range is 0 to 65535. A 0 field is ignored.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 24-3 Menu 21.1.1 TCP/IP Filter Rule FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Action Matched Select the action for a matching packet. Choices are Check Next Rule, Forward or Drop. Check Next Rule (default) Action Not Matched Select the action for a packet not matching the rule. Choices are Check Next Rule, Forward or Drop.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Packet into IP Filter Filter Active? No Yes Apply SrcAddrMask to Src Addr Check Src IP Addr Not Matched Matched Apply DestAddrMask to Dest Addr Check Dest IP Addr Not Matched Matched Check IP Protocol Not Matched Matched Check Src & Dest Port Not Matched Matched More? Yes No Action Matched Drop Drop Packet Action Not Matched Check Next Rule Check Next Rule Drop Forward Forward Check Next Rule Accept Packet Figure 24-8 Executing an IP Filter 24-1
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 24.3.2 Generic Filter Rule This section shows you how to configure a generic filter rule. The purpose of generic rules is to allow you to filter non-IP packets. For IP, it is generally easier to use the IP rules directly. For generic rules, the ZyAIR treats a packet as a byte stream as opposed to an IP packet. You specify the portion of the packet to check with the Offset (from 0) and the Length fields, both in bytes.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 24-4 Menu 21.1.4.1 Generic Filter Rule FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Offset Type the starting byte of the data portion in the packet that you want to compare. The range for this field is from 0 to 255. 0 (default) Length Type the byte count of the data portion in the packet that you want to compare. The range for this field is 0 to 8. 0 (default) Mask Type the mask (in Hexadecimal) to apply to the data portion before comparison.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide is receiving and sending the packets; for instance, the interface. The interface can be an Ethernet, or any other hardware port. The following figure illustrates this. Figure 24-10 Protocol and Device Filter Sets 24.5 Example Filter Let’s look at an example to block outside users from telnetting into the ZyAIR. Figure 24-11 Sample Telnet Filter Step 1. Enter 1 in menu 21 to open Menu 21.1 – Filter Set Configuration. Step 2.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Step 4. Press [ENTER] at the message “Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel” to open Menu 21.1.3.1 – TCP/IP Filter Rule. Step 5. Type 1 to configure the first filter rule. Make the entries in this menu as shown next. Menu 21.1.3.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule Select Yes to make the rule active. Filter #: 3,1 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 6 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 21.1.3 - Filter Rules Summary # 1 2 3 4 5 6 A Type Filter Rules M m n - ---- --------------------------------------------------------------- - - Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=23 N D F N N N N N Enter Filter Rule Number (1-6) to Configure: 1 This shows you that you have configured and activated (A = Y) a TCP/IP filter rule (Type = IP, Pr = 6) for destination telnet ports (DP = 23). M = N means an action can be taken immediately.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 24.6.1 Ethernet Traffic You seldom need to filter Ethernet traffic; however, the filter sets may be useful to block certain packets, reduce traffic and prevent security breaches. Go to menu 3.1 (shown next) and type the number(s) of the filter set(s) that you want to apply as appropriate. You can choose up to four filter sets (from twelve) by typing their numbers separated by commas, for example, 3, 4, 6, 11.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 24.7 Firewall Setup The ZyAIR wireless gateways employ a stateful inspection firewall with DoS (Denial of Service) protection. By default, when the firewall is activated, all incoming traffic from the WAN to the LAN is blocked unless it is initiated from the LAN. The ZyAIR firewall supports TCP/UDP inspection, DoS detection and prevention, real time alerts, reports and logs. Enter 2 in menu 21 to display Menu 21.2 — Firewall Setup, shown next. Menu 21.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 25 SNMP Configuration This chapter explains SNMP Configuration menu 22. 25.1 SNMP Configuration To configure SNMP, select option 22 from the main menu to open Menu 22 – SNMP Configuration as shown next. The “community” for Get, Set and Trap fields is SNMP terminology for password. Menu 22 - SNMP Configuration SNMP: Get Community= public Set Community= public Trusted Host= 0.0.0.0 Trap: Community= public Destination= 0.0.0.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 25-1 Menu 22 SNMP Configuration FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Community Type the trap community, which is the password sent with each trap to the SNMP manager. public Destination Type the IP address of the station to send your SNMP traps to. 0.0.0.0 When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel” to save your configuration or press [ESC] to cancel and go back to the previous screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 26 System Security This chapter describes how to configure the system security on the ZyAIR. 26.1 System Security You can configure the system password, an external RADIUS server and 802.1x in this menu. 26.1.1 System Password Menu 23 - System Security 1. Change Password 2. RADIUS Server 4. IEEE802.1x Figure 26-1 Menu 23 System Security You should change the default password.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 23.2 - System Security - RADIUS Server Authentication Server: Active= No Server Address= 10.11.12.13 Port #= 1812 Shared Secret= ******** Accounting Server: Active= No Server Address= 10.11.12.13 Port #= 1813 Shared Secret= ******** Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 26-3 Menu 23.2 System Security : RADIUS Server The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 26-1 Menu 23.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 26-1 Menu 23.2 System Security : RADIUS Server FIELD DESCRIPTION Port The default port of the RADIUS server for accounting is 1813. EXAMPLE 1813 You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so with additional information. Shared Secret Specify a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external accounting server and the access points. The key is not sent over the network.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 23.4 - System Security - IEEE802.1x Wireless Port Control= Authentication Required ReAuthentication Timer (in second)= 1800 Idle Timeout (in second)= 3600 Key Management Protocol= 802.1x Dynamic WEP Key Exchange= Disable PSK= N/A WPA Mixed Mode= N/A Group Data Privacy= N/A WPA Group Key Update Timer= N/A Authentication Databases= Local User Database Only Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:: Figure 26-5 Menu 23.4 System Security : IEEE802.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 26-2 Menu 23.4 System Security : IEEE802.1x FIELD Idle Timeout (in second) DESCRIPTION The ZyAIR automatically disconnects a client from the wired network after a period of inactivity. The client needs to enter the username and password again before access to the wired network is allowed. This field is activated only when you select Authentication Required in the Wireless Port Control field. The default time interval is 3600 seconds (or 1 hour).
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 26-2 Menu 23.4 System Security : IEEE802.1x FIELD DESCRIPTION Authentication Databases The authentication database contains wireless station login information. The local user database is the built-in database on the ZyAIR. The RADIUS is an external server. Use this field to decide which database the ZyAIR should use (first) to authenticate a wireless station.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 27 System Information and Diagnosis This chapter covers the information and diagnostic tools in SMT menus 24.1 to 24.4. These tools include updates on system status, port status, log and trace capabilities and upgrades for the system software. This chapter describes how to use these tools in detail. Type 24 in the main menu to open Menu 24 - System Maintenance, as shown in the following figure. Menu 24 - System Maintenance 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance - Status Port WAN LAN WLAN Port WAN LAN WLAN Status TxPkts RxPkts 100M/Full 365 161191 100M/Full 566 10702 11M 7458 0 Ethernet Address IP Address 00:A0:C5:01:23:46 172.21.3.136 00:A0:C5:01:23:45 192.168.1.1 00:A0:C5:01:23:45 System up Time: 0:17:44 Cols 0 0 0 Tx B/s 0 344 0 IP Mask 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 00:17:41 Sat. Jan.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 27-1 Menu 24.1 System Maintenance : Status FIELD System Up Time DESCRIPTION This is the time the ZyAIR is up and running from the last reboot. 27.2 System Information To get to the System Information: Step 1. Enter 24 to display Menu 24 – System Maintenance. Step 2. Enter 2 to display Menu 24.2 – System Information and Console Port Speed. Step 3. From this menu you have two choices as shown in the next figure: Menu 24.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide The table below describes the fields for configuration in this menu. Table 27-2 Menu 24.2.1 System Maintenance – Information FIELD DESCRIPTION Name Displays the system name of your ZyAIR. This information can be changed in Menu 1 – General Setup. Routing Refers to the routing protocol used. ZyNOS F/W Version Refers to the ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) system firmware version. ZyNOS is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 27.3 Log and Trace There are two logging facilities in the ZyAIR. The first is the error logs and trace records that are stored locally. The second is the UNIX syslog facility for message logging. 27.3.1 Viewing Error Log The first place you should look for clues when something goes wrong is the error log. Follow the procedures to view the local error/trace log: Step 1. Type 24 in the main menu to display Menu 24 – System Maintenance. Step 2.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 45 Sat Jan 1 00:00:00 2000 PP0e 46 Sat Jan 1 00:00:00 2000 PINI 47 Sat Jan 1 00:00:00 2000 PINI 48 Sat Jan 1 00:00:02 2000 PP05 49 Sat Jan 1 00:00:02 2000 PP16 50 Sat Jan 1 00:00:02 2000 PP16 51 Sat Jan 1 00:00:30 2000 PSSV 52 Sat Jan 1 00:32:34 2000 PP10 53 Sat Jan 1 00:32:34 2000 PINI 54 Sat Jan 1 00:32:55 2000 PINI INFO LAN promiscuous mode <1> INFO Last errorlog repeat 1 Times INFO main: init completed -WARN SNMP TRAP 3: link up -WARN Last errorlog repeat 2 T
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 24.3.2 - System Maintenance - Syslog Logging Syslog: Active= No Syslog Server IP Address= 0.0.0.0 Log Facility= Local 1 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 27-10 Menu 24.3.2 System Maintenance : Syslog Logging You need to configure the UNIX syslog parameters described in the following table to activate syslog and then choose what you want to log. Table 27-3 Menu 24.3.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 27.4 Diagnostic The diagnostic facility allows you to test the different aspects of your ZyAIR to determine if it is working properly. Menu 24.4 allows you to choose among various types of diagnostic tests to evaluate your system, as shown in the following figure. Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance - Diagnostic TCP/IP 1. Ping Host 2. WAN DHCP Release 3. WAN DHCP Renewal 4. Internet Setup Test System 11.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 28 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance This chapter tells you how to back up and restore your configuration file as well as upload new firmware and a new configuration file. 28.1 Filename Conventions The configuration file (often called the romfile or rom-0) contains the factory default settings in the menus such as password, DHCP Setup, TCP/IP Setup, etc. It arrives from ZyXEL with a “rom” filename extension.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 28-1 Filename Conventions FILE TYPE INTERNAL NAME EXTERNAL NAME DESCRIPTION Configuration File Rom-0 This is the configuration filename on the ZyAIR. Uploading the rom-0 file replaces the entire ROM file system, including your ZyAIR configurations, system-related data (including the default password), the error log and the trace log. *.rom Firmware Ras This is the generic name for the ZyNOS firmware on the ZyAIR. *.bin 28.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 28.2.1 Backup Configuration Follow the instructions as shown in the next screen. Menu 24.5 - Backup Configuration To transfer the configuration file to your workstation, follow the procedure below: 1. Launch the FTP client on your workstation. 2. Type "open" and the IP address of your router. Then type "root" and SMT password as requested. 3. Locate the 'rom-0' file. 4. Type 'get rom-0' to back up the current router configuration to your workstation.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 28.2.3 Example of FTP Commands from the Command Line 331 Enter PASS command Password: 230 Logged in ftp> bin 200 Type I OK ftp> get rom-0 zyxel.rom 200 Port command okay 150 Opening data connection for STOR ras 226 File received OK ftp: 16384 bytes sent in 1.10Seconds 297.89Kbytes/sec. ftp> quit Figure 28-2 FTP Session Example 28.2.4 GUI-based FTP Clients The following table describes some of the commands that you may see in GUI-based FTP clients.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 3. The IP address in the Secured Client IP field in menu 24.11 does not match the client IP. If it does not match, the ZyAIR will disconnect the Telnet session immediately. 4. You have an SMT console session running. 28.2.6 Backup Configuration Using TFTP The ZyAIR supports the up/downloading of the firmware and the configuration file using TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) over LAN. Although TFTP should work over WAN as well, it is not recommended.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 28-3 General Commands for GUI-based TFTP Clients COMMAND DESCRIPTION Host Enter the IP address of the ZyAIR. 192.168.1.1 is the ZyAIR’s default IP address when shipped. Send/Fetch Use “Send” to upload the file to the ZyAIR and “Fetch” to back up the file on your computer. Local File Enter the path and name of the firmware file (*.bin extension) or configuration file (*.rom extension) on your computer. Remote File This is the filename on the ZyAIR.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Step 3. Run the HyperTerminal program by clicking Transfer, then Receive File as shown in the following screen. Type a location for storing the configuration file or click Browse to look for one. Choose the Xmodem protocol. Then click Receive. Figure 28-5 Backup Configuration Example Step 4. After a successful backup you will see the following screen. Press any key to return to the SMT menu. ** Backup Configuration completed. OK. ### Hit any key to continue.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide WARNING! DO NOT INTERUPT THE FILE TRANSFER PROCESS AS THIS MAY PERMANENTLY DAMAGE YOUR ZYAIR. WHEN THE RESTORE CONFIGURATION PROCESS IS COMPLETE, THE ZYAIR WILL AUTOMATICALLY RESTART. 28.3.1 Restore Using FTP For details about backup using (T)FTP please refer to earlier sections on FTP and TFTP file upload in this chapter. Menu 24.6 - Restore Configuration To transfer the firmware and the configuration file, follow the procedure below: 1.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 28.3.2 Restore Using FTP Session Example ftp> put config.rom rom-0 200 Port command okay 150 Opening data connection for STOR rom-0 226 File received OK 221 Goodbye for writing flash ftp: 16384 bytes sent in 0.06Seconds 273.07Kbytes/sec. ftp>quit Figure 28-8 Restore Using FTP Session Example Refer to section 28.2.5 to read about configurations that disallow TFTP and FTP over WAN. 28.3.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Type the configuration file’s location, or click Browse to search for it. Choose the Xmodem protocol. Then click Send. Figure 28-11 Restore Configuration Example Step 4. After a successful restoration you will see the following screen. Press any key to restart the ZyAIR and return to the SMT menu. Save to ROM Hit any key to start system reboot. Figure 28-12 Successful Restoration Confirmation Screen 28.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 24.7.1 - System Maintenance - Upload System Firmware To upload the system firmware, follow the procedure below: 1. Launch the FTP client on your workstation. 2. Type "open" and the IP address of your system. Then type "root" and SMT password as requested. 3. Type "put firmwarefilename ras" where "firmwarefilename" is the name of your firmware upgrade file on your workstation and "ras" is the remote file name on the system. 4.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 28.4.3 FTP File Upload Command from the DOS Prompt Example Step 1. Launch the FTP client on your computer. Step 2. Enter “open”, followed by a space and the IP address of your ZyAIR. Step 3. Press [ENTER] when prompted for a username. Step 4. Enter your password as requested (the default is “1234”). Step 5. Enter “bin” to set transfer mode to binary. Step 6. Use “put” to transfer files from the computer to the ZyAIR, for example, “put firmware.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Step 1. Use telnet from your computer to connect to the ZyAIR and log in. Because TFTP does not have any security checks, the ZyAIR records the IP address of the telnet client and accepts TFTP requests only from this address. Step 2. Put the SMT in command interpreter (CI) mode by entering 8 in Menu 24 – System Maintenance. Step 3. Enter the command “sys stdio 0” to disable the console timeout, so the TFTP transfer will not be interrupted.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 28.4.8 Uploading Firmware File Via Console Port (only for ZyAIR B-2000) Step 1. Select 1 from Menu 24.7 – System Maintenance – Upload Firmware to display Menu 24.7.1 – System Maintenance – Upload System Firmware, then follow the instructions as shown in the following screen. Menu 24.7.1 - System Maintenance - Upload System Firmware To 1. 2. 3. upload system firmware: Enter "y" at the prompt below to go into debug mode.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 28.4.10Uploading Configuration File Via Console Port (only for ZyAIR B2000) Step 1. Select 2 from Menu 24.7 – System Maintenance – Upload Firmware to display Menu 24.7.2 – System Maintenance – Upload System Configuration File. Follow the instructions as shown in the next screen. Menu 24.7.2 - System Maintenance - Upload System Configuration File To 1. 2. 3. upload system configuration file: Enter "y" at the prompt below to go into debug mode.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Type the configuration file’s location, or click Browse to search for it. Choose the Xmodem protocol. Then click Send. Figure 28-19 Example Xmodem Upload After the configuration upload process has completed, restart the ZyAIR by entering “atgo”.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 29 System Maintenance and SMT Menu 24.8 to 24.10 This chapter leads you through SMT menus 24.8 to 24.10. 29.1 Command Interpreter Mode The Command Interpreter (CI) is a part of the main system firmware. The CI provides much of the same functionality as the SMT, while adding some low-level setup and diagnostic functions. Enter the CI from the SMT by selecting menu 24.8. See the included disk or the zyxel.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 29.2 Call Control Support The ZyAIR provides two call control functions: budget management and call history. Please note that this menu is only applicable when Encapsulation is set to PPPoE or PPTP in menu 4 or menu 11.1. The budget management function allows you to set a limit on the total outgoing call time of the ZyAIR within certain times.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide After each period, the total budget is reset. The default for the total budget is 0 minutes and the period is 0 hours, meaning no budget control. You can reset the accumulated connection time in this menu by entering the index of a remote node. Enter 0 to update the screen. The budget and the reset period can be configured in menu 11.1 for the remote node. Table 29-1 Menu 24.9.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 29-2 Menu 24.9.2 Call History FIELD DESCRIPTION Phone Number The PPPoE service names are shown here. Dir This shows whether the call was incoming or outgoing. Rate This is the transfer rate of the call. #call This is the number of calls made to or received from that telephone number. Max This is the length of time of the longest telephone call. Min This is the length of time of the shortest telephone call.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 24.10 - System Maintenance - Time and Date Setting Time Protocol= None Time Server Address= N/A Current Time: New Time (hh:mm:ss): 00 : 12 : 30 00 : 12 : 22 Current Date: New Date (yyyy-mm-dd): 2000 - 01 - 01 2000 - 01 - 01 Time Zone= GMT Daylight Saving= No Start Date (mm-dd): End Date (mm-dd): 01 - 01 01 - 01 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 29-6 Menu 24.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 29-3 Menu 24.10 System Maintenance : Time and Date Setting FIELD DESCRIPTION Current Date This field displays an updated date only when you re-enter this menu. New Date (yyyy-mm-dd) This field displays the last updated date from the time server. When you select None in the Time Protocol field, enter the new date in year, month and day format.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 30 Remote Management This chapter covers remote management (SMT menu 24.11). 30.1 Telnet You can configure your ZyAIR for remote Telnet access as shown next. Figure 30-1 Telnet Configuration on a TCP/IP Network 30.2 FTP You can upload and download ZyAIR firmware and configuration files using FTP. To use this feature, your computer must have an FTP client. 30.3 Web You can use the ZyAIR’s embedded web configurator for configuration and file management.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 30.4.1 Remote Management Setup Remote management setup is for managing Telnet, FTP and Web services. You can customize the service port, access interface and the secured client IP address to enhance security and flexibility. You may manage your ZyAIR from a remote location via: the Internet (WAN only), the LAN only, All (LAN and WAN) or Disable (neither).
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 30-1 Menu 24.11 Remote Management Control FIELD DESCRIPTION Telnet Server FTP Server Web Server SNMP Service DNS Service Each of these read-only labels denotes a server or service that you may use to remotely manage the ZyAIR. Port This field shows the port number for the remote management service. You may change the port number for a service if needed, but you must use the same port number to use that service for remote management.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 30.5 Remote Management and NAT When NAT is enabled: Use the ZyAIR’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN. Use the ZyAIR’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN. 30.6 System Timeout There is a system timeout of five minutes (300 seconds) for Telnet/web/FTP connections. Your ZyAIR will automatically log you out if you do nothing in this timeout period, except when it is continuously updating the status in menu 24.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chapter 31 Call Scheduling Call scheduling (applicable for PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation only) allows you to dictate when a remote node should be called and for how long. 31.1 Introduction The call scheduling feature allows the ZyAIR to manage a remote node and dictate when a remote node should be called and for how long. This feature is similar to the scheduler in a video cassette recorder (you can specify a time period for the VCR to record).
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide To delete a schedule set, enter the set number and press [SPACE BAR] and then [ENTER] (or delete) in the Edit Name field. To setup a schedule set, select the schedule set you want to setup from menu 26 (1-12) and press [ENTER] to see Menu 26.1 - Schedule Set Setup as shown next. Menu 26.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Table 31-1 Menu 26.1 Schedule Set Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE If you selected Once in the How Often field above, then enter the date the set should activate here in year-month-date format. 2000-01-01 Once: Date Weekday: Day If you selected Weekly in the How Often field above, then select the day(s) when the set should activate (and recur) by going to that day(s) and pressing [SPACE BAR] to select Yes, then press [ENTER].
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Active= Yes Route= IP Encapsulation= PPTP Service Type= Standard Service Name= N/A Outgoing: My Login= My Password= ******** Authen= CHAP/PAP PPTP: My IP Addr= My IP Mask= Server IP Addr= Connection ID/Name= Edit IP= No Telco Option: Allocated Budget(min)= 0 Period(hr)= 0 Schedules= 1,2,3,4 Nailed-Up Connection= No Apply your schedule sets here.
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Appendices Part XI: APPENDICES This part provides contains troubleshooting and additional background information on setting up your computer’s IP address, wireless LAN, 802.1x, PPPoE, PPTP and IP subnetting. It also provides information on the command interpreter interface, NetBIOS commands and logs.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix A Troubleshooting This appendix covers potential problems and possible remedies. After each problem description, some instructions are provided to help you to diagnose and to solve the problem. Problems Starting Up the ZyAIR Chart A-1 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your ZyAIR PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION None of the LEDs turn on when I plug in the power adaptor.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Problems with the Ethernet Interface Chart A-3 Troubleshooting the Ethernet Interface PROBLEM I cannot access the ZyAIR from the Ethernet CORRECTIVE ACTION If all of the LAN LEDs on the front panel are off, check the Ethernet cable connection between your ZyAIR and the computer connected to the LAN port. Check for faulty Ethernet cables. Make sure the computer’s Ethernet adapter is installed and working properly.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Problems with Internet Access Chart A-5 Troubleshooting Internet Access PROBLEM I cannot access the Internet. CORRECTIVE ACTION Connect your cable/DSL modem to the ZyAIR using the appropriate cable. Check with the manufacturer of your cable/DSL device about your cable requirement because for some devices may require a crossover cable and others a straight-through Ethernet cable. Verify your WAN settings.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Problems with the WLAN Interface Chart A-7 Troubleshooting the WLAN Interface PROBLEM I cannot ping any computer on the WLAN. CORRECTIVE ACTION Make sure the wireless card is properly inserted in the ZyAIR and the WLAN LED is on. Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly. Check that both the ZyAIR and wireless station(s) are using the same ESSID, channel and WEP keys (if WEP encryption is activated).
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix B Brute-Force Password Guessing Protection The following describes the commands for enabling, disabling and configuring the brute-force password guessing protection mechanism for the password. See the Command Interpreter appendix for information on the command structure. Chart B-1 Brute-Force Password Guessing Protection Commands COMMAND DESCRIPTION sys pwderrtm This command displays the brute-force guessing password protection settings.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address All computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter card and TCP/IP installed. Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to install and use TCP/IP on your computer. Windows 3.1 requires the purchase of a third-party TCP/IP application package.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide If you need the adapter: a. In the Network window, click Add. b. Select Adapter and then click Add. c. Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter and then click OK. If you need TCP/IP: a. In the Network window, click Add. b. Select Protocol and then click Add. c. Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers. d. Select TCP/IP from the list of network protocols and then click OK. If you need Client for Microsoft Networks: a.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 1. Click the IP Address tab. -If your IP address is dynamic, select Obtain an IP address automatically. -If you have a static IP address, select Specify an IP address and type your information into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields. 2. Click the DNS Configuration tab. -If you do not know your DNS information, select Disable DNS.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 3. Click the Gateway tab. -If you do not know your gateway’s IP address, remove previously installed gateways. -If you have a gateway IP address, type it in the New gateway field and click Add. 4. Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP Properties window. 5. Click OK to close the Network window. Insert the Windows CD if prompted. 6. Turn on your ZyAIR and restart your computer when prompted. Verifying Your Computer’s IP Address 1. Click Start and then Run.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 1. For Windows XP, click start, Control Panel. In Windows 2000/NT, click Start, Settings, Control Panel. 2. For Windows XP, click Network Connections. For Windows 2000/NT, click Network and Dial-up Connections. Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 3. Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 4. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (under the General tab in Win XP) and click Properties. 5. The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens (the General tab in Windows XP). -If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically. -If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields. Click Advanced.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 6. -If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP Settings tab and click OK. Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses: -In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add. -In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask, and then click Add. -Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 7. In the Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window (the General tab in Windows XP): -Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es). -If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields. If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them. 8.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 1. Click the Apple menu, Control Panel and double-click TCP/IP to open the TCP/IP Control Panel. 2. Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list. 3. For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP Server from the Configure: list.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 4. For statically assigned settings, do the following: -From the Configure box, select Manually. -Type your IP address in the IP Address box. -Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box. -Type the IP address of your ZyAIR in the Router address box. 5. Close the TCP/IP Control Panel. 6. Click Save if prompted, to save changes to your configuration. 7. Turn on your ZyAIR and restart your computer (if prompted).
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 2. Click Network in the icon bar. - Select Automatic from the Location list. - Select Built-in Ethernet from the Show list. - Click the TCP/IP tab. 3. For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure list. 4. For statically assigned settings, do the following: -From the Configure box, select Manually. -Type your IP address in the IP Address box. -Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix D Wireless LAN and IEEE 802.11 A wireless LAN (WLAN) provides a flexible data communications system that you can use to access various services (navigating the Internet, email, printer services, etc.) without the use of a cabled connection. In effect a wireless LAN environment provides you the freedom to stay connected to the network while roaming around in the coverage area. WLAN is not available on all models.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide unlicensed ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band. The third method is infrared technology, using very high frequencies, just below visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum to carry data. Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless nodes or stations (STA), which is called a Basic Service Set (BSS).
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide The Extended Service Set (ESS) shown in the next figure consists of a series of overlapping BSSs (each containing an Access Point) connected together by means of a Distribution System (DS). Although the DS could be any type of network, it is almost invariably an Ethernet LAN. Mobile nodes can roam between access points and seamless campus-wide coverage is possible. Diagram D-2 ESS Provides Campus-Wide Coverage Wireless LAN and IEEE 802.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix E Wireless LAN With IEEE 802.1x As wireless networks become popular for both portable computing and corporate networks, security is now a priority. Security Flaws with IEEE 802.11 Wireless networks based on the original IEEE 802.11 have a poor reputation for safety. The IEEE 802.11b wireless access standard, first published in 1999, was based on the MAC address.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide RADIUS Server Authentication Sequence The following figure depicts a typical wireless network with a remote RADIUS server for user authentication using EAPOL (EAP Over LAN). Client computer access authorized. Client computer access not authorized. Diagram E-1 Sequences for EAP MD5–Challenge Authentication E-2 Wireless LAN with IEEE 802.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix F Types of EAP Authentication This appendix discusses the four popular EAP authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server or the AP. Consult your network administrator for more information. EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5) MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless station.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5 and EAPMSCHAPv2, for client authentication. For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of four authentication types.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix G Antenna Selection and Positioning Recommendation An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air. Choosing the right antennas and positioning them properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide • Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight. The angle of the beam width determines the direction of the coverage pattern; typically ranges from 20 degrees (less directional) to 90 degrees (very directional). The directional antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications. Positioning Antennas In general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix H PPPoE PPPoE in Action An ADSL modem bridges a PPP session over Ethernet (PPP over Ethernet, RFC 2516) from your PC to an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit), which connects to a DSL Access Concentrator where the PPP session terminates (see the next figure). One PVC can support any number of PPP sessions from your LAN. PPPoE provides access control and billing functionality in a manner similar to dial-up services using PPP.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide How PPPoE Works The PPPoE driver makes the Ethernet appear as a serial link to the PC and the PC runs PPP over it, while the modem bridges the Ethernet frames to the Access Concentrator (AC). Between the AC and an ISP, the AC is acting as a L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) LAC (L2TP Access Concentrator) and tunnels the PPP frames to the ISP. The L2TP tunnel is capable of carrying multiple PPP sessions.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix I PPTP What is PPTP? PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) is a Microsoft proprietary protocol (RFC 2637 for PPTP is informational only) to tunnel PPP frames. How can we transport PPP frames from a PC to a broadband modem over Ethernet? A solution is to build PPTP into the ANT (ADSL Network Termination) where PPTP is used only over the short haul between the PC and the modem over Ethernet.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide PPTP Protocol Overview PPTP is very similar to L2TP, since L2TP is based on both PPTP and L2F (Cisco’s Layer 2 Forwarding). Conceptually, there are three parties in PPTP, namely the PNS (PPTP Network Server), the PAC (PPTP Access Concentrator) and the PPTP user. The PNS is the box that hosts both the PPP and the PPTP stacks and forms one end of the PPTP tunnel. The PAC is the box that dials/answers the phone calls and relays the PPP frames to the PNS.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Diagram I-3 Example Message Exchange between PC and an ANT PPP Data Connection The PPP frames are tunneled between the PNS and PAC over GRE (General Routing Encapsulation, RFC 1701, 1702). The individual calls within a tunnel are distinguished using the Call ID field in the GRE header.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix J IP Subnetting IP Addressing Routers “route” based on the network number. The router that delivers the data packet to the correct destination host uses the host ID. IP Classes An IP address is made up of four octets (eight bits), written in dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1. IP addresses are categorized into different classes. The class of an address depends on the value of its first octet.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide A class “A” address (24 host bits) can have 224 –2 hosts (approximately 16 million hosts). Since the first octet of a class “A” IP address must contain a “0”, the first octet of a class “A” address can have a value of 0 to 127. Similarly the first octet of a class “B” must begin with “10”, therefore the first octet of a class “B” address has a valid range of 128 to 191.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide sequence of ones beginning from the left most bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits. Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate subnets by converting one of the host ID bits of the IP address to a network number bit. The “borrowed” host ID bit can be either “0” or “1” thus giving two subnets; 192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 and 192.168.1.128 with mask 255.255.255.128. In the following charts, shaded/bolded last octet bit values indicate host ID bits “borrowed” to form network ID bits.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide to an actual host for the first subnet is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly the host ID range for the second subnet is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254. Example: Four Subnets The above example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a class “C” address space into two subnets. Similarly to divide a class “C” address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID bits to give four possible combinations of 00, 01, 10 and 11.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.191 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190 Chart J-10 Subnet 4 NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE IP Address 192.168.1. 192 IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11000000 Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Subnet Address: 192.168.1.192 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193 Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.255 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chart J-12 Class C Subnet Planning NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 1 255.255.255.128 (/25) 2 126 2 255.255.255.192 (/26) 4 62 3 255.255.255.224 (/27) 8 30 4 255.255.255.240 (/28) 16 14 5 255.255.255.248 (/29) 32 6 6 255.255.255.252 (/30) 64 2 7 255.255.255.254 (/31) 128 1 Subnetting With Class A and Class B Networks.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chart J-13 Class B Subnet Planning NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET 10 255.255.255.192 (/26) 1024 62 11 255.255.255.224 (/27) 2048 30 12 255.255.255.240 (/28) 4096 14 13 255.255.255.248 (/29) 8192 6 14 255.255.255.252 (/30) 16384 2 15 255.255.255.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix K Command Interpreter The following describes how to use the command interpreter. Enter 24 in the main menu to bring up the system maintenance menu. Enter 8 to go to Menu 24.8 - Command Interpreter Mode. See the included disk or zyxel.com for more detailed information on these commands. Use of undocumented commands or misconfiguration can damage the unit and possibly render it unusable. Command Syntax The command keywords are in courier new font.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix L NetBIOS Filter Commands The following describes the NetBIOS packet filter commands. See the Command Interpreter appendix for information on the command structure. Introduction NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) are TCP or UDP broadcast packets that enable a computer to connect to and communicate with a LAN. For some dial-up services such as PPPoE or PPTP, NetBIOS packets cause unwanted calls.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chart L-1 NetBIOS Filter Default Settings NAME DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE WAN to LAN This field displays whether NetBIOS packets are blocked or forwarded from the WAN to the LAN. Forward IPSec Packets This field displays whether NetBIOS packets sent through a VPN connection are blocked or forwarded. Forward Trigger dial This field displays whether NetBIOS packets are allowed to initiate calls.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix M Boot Commands The BootModule AT commands execute from within the router’s bootup software, when debug mode is selected before the main router firmware (ZyNOS) is started. When you start up your ZyAIR, you are given a choice to go into debug mode by pressing a key at the prompt shown in the following screen.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide AT ATHE ATBAx ATENx,(y) ATSE ATTI(h,m,s) ATDA(y,m,d) ATDS ATDT ATDUx,y ATWBx,y ATWWx,y ATWLx,y ATRBx ATRWx ATRLx ATGO(x) ATGR ATGT AT%Tx ATBTx ATRTw,x,y(,z) ATWEa(,b,c,d) ATCUx ATCB ATCL ATSB ATBU ATSH ATWMx ATCOx ATFLx ATSTx ATSYx ATVDx ATPNx ATFEx,y,... ATMP ATDOx,y ATTD ATUPx,y ATUR ATLC ATUXx(,y) ATERx,y ATWFx,y,z ATXSx ATLOa,b,c,d ATSR ATBR ATDC just answer OK print help change baudrate. 1:38.4k, 2:19.2k, 3:9.6k 4:57.6k 5:115.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix N Triangle Route The Ideal Setup When the firewall is on, your ZyAIR acts as a secure gateway between your LAN and the Internet. In an ideal network topology, all incoming and outgoing network traffic passes through the ZyAIR to protect your LAN against attacks. Diagram N-1 Ideal Setup The “Triangle Route” Problem A traffic route is a path for sending or receiving data packets between two Ethernet devices.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Diagram N-2 “Triangle Route” Problem The “Triangle Route” Solutions This section presents you two solutions to the “triangle route” problem. IP Aliasing IP alias allows you to partition your network into logical sections over the same Ethernet interface. Your ZyAIR supports up to three logical LAN interfaces with the ZyAIR being the gateway for each logical network.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Diagram N-3 IP Alias Gateways on the WAN Side A second solution to the “triangle route” problem is to put all of your network gateways on the WAN side as the following figure shows. This ensures that all incoming network traffic passes through your ZyAIR to your LAN. Therefore your LAN is protected.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix O Log Descriptions Chart O-1 System Error Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION %s exceeds the max. number of session per host! This attempt to create a NAT session exceeds the maximum number of NAT session table entries allowed to be created per host. Chart O-2 System Maintenance Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION Time calibration is successful The router has adjusted its time based on information from the time server.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chart O-2 System Maintenance Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION FTP Login Successfully Someone has logged on to the router via FTP. FTP Login Fail Someone has failed to log on to the router via FTP. NAT Session Table is Full! The maximum number of NAT session table entries has been exceeded and the table is full. Chart O-3 UPnP Logs LOG MESSAGE UPnP pass through Firewall DESCRIPTION UPnP packets can pass through the firewall.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chart O-4 ICMP Notes TYPE CODE 0 5 DESCRIPTION A gateway may discard internet datagrams if it does not have the buffer space needed to queue the datagrams for output to the next network on the route to the destination network.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Chart O-5 Sys log LOG MESSAGE Mon dd hr:mm:ss hostname src="" dst="" msg="" note="" DESCRIPTION This message is sent by the "RAS" when this syslog is generated. The messages and notes are defined in this appendix’s other charts. Log Commands Go to the command interpreter interface (the Command Interpreter Appendix explains how to access and use the commands).
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Displaying Logs Use the sys logs display command to show all of the logs in the ZyAIR’s log. Use the sys logs category display command to show the log settings for all of the log categories. Use the sys logs display [log category] command to show the logs in an individual ZyAIR log category. Use the sys logs clear command to erase all of the ZyAIR’s logs.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide 4|11/11/2002 15:10:10 |192.168.10.1:520 |ACCESS BLOCK |192.168.10.255:520 Firewall default policy: UDP(set:8) 5|11/11/2002 15:10:10 |172.21.4.67:137 |ACCESS BLOCK O-6 |172.21.255.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix P Power Adaptor Specifications NORTH AMERICAN PLUG STANDARDS AC Power Adaptor Model AD48-1201200DUY Input Power AC120Volts/60Hz/0.25A Output Power DC12Volts/1.2A Power Consumption 10 W Safety Standards UL, CUL (UL 1950, CSA C22.2 No.234-M90) NORTH AMERICAN PLUG STANDARDS AC Power Adaptor Model DV-121A2-5720 Input Power AC120Volts/60Hz/27VA Output Power DC12Volts/1.2A Power Consumption 10 W Safety Standards UL, CUL (UL 1310, CSA C22.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide JAPAN PLUG STANDARDS AC Power Adaptor Model JOD-48-1124 Input Power AC100Volts/ 50/60Hz/ 27VA Output Power DC12Volts/1.2A Power Consumption 10 W Safety Standards T-Mark (Japan Dentori) AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND PLUG STANDARDS AC Power Adaptor Model AD-1201200DS or AD-121200DS Input Power AC240Volts/50Hz/0.2A Output Power DC12Volts/1.
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Appendix Q Index 4 4-Port Switch ..................................................1-2 A Address Assignment ........................... 3-11, 3-12 Ad-hoc Configuration ....................................D-2 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation.................. J-3 Antenna Directional..................................................G-2 Omni-directional ........................................G-1 Types..........................................................
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide DMZ Setup ..................................................... 8-1 DNS ...................................................13-10, 19-3 Domain Name....................... 3-3, 3-12, 9-6, 23-8 DoS Basics........................................................ 11-3 Types ........................................................ 11-4 DoS (Denial of Service).......................1-4, 24-17 DS .................................. See Distribution System DSSS........
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Fragmentation Threshold ................................6-4 Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum ...........D-2 FTP....................... 4-2, 5-2, 9-6, 13-1, 13-4, 30-3 Restrictions ...............................................30-3 FTP File Transfer ........................................28-10 FTP Restrictions.................................. 13-1, 28-4 FTP Server ..................................................23-13 G Gateway .................................
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Management Information Base (MIB).......... 13-7 Many to Many No Overload..................See NAT Many to Many Overload........................See NAT Many to One ..........................................See NAT MD5................................................................F-1 Message Digest Algorithm 5 ................ See MD5 Message Integrity Check ................................ 7-9 Message Logging.......................................... 27-5 Metric..
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide Remote Node Profile.................................21-2 Reports ..........................................................15-6 Consideration ............................................15-7 Required fields ..............................................17-5 Restore ........................................................16-12 Restore Configuration ...................................28-7 RF signals.......................................................D-1 RIP ......
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ZyAIR Wireless Gateway Series User’s Guide And FTP Over WAN} .............................. 30-3 Restrictions ............................................... 30-3 TFTP and FTP over WAN Will Not Work When…..................................................... 28-4 TFTP and FTP Over WAN} ......................... 13-1 TFTP File Transfer ..................................... 28-12 TFTP Restrictions................................13-1, 28-4 Three-Way Handshake .................................